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Almubarak A, Zhang Q, Zhang CH, Abdelwahab N, Kume T, Lassar AB, Berry FB. FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate growth plate chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophy in the embryonic mouse limb skeleton. Development 2024; 151:dev202798. [PMID: 39012257 PMCID: PMC11361642 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The Forkhead box transcription factors FOXC1 and FOXC2 are expressed in condensing mesenchyme cells at the onset of endochondral ossification. We used the Prx1-cre mouse to ablate Foxc1 and Foxc2 in limb skeletal progenitor cells. Prx1-cre;Foxc1Δ/Δ;Foxc2Δ/Δ limbs were shorter than controls, with worsening phenotypes in distal structures. Cartilage formation and mineralization was severely disrupted in the paws. The radius and tibia were malformed, whereas the fibula and ulna remained unmineralized. Chondrocyte maturation was delayed, with fewer Indian hedgehog-expressing, prehypertrophic chondrocytes forming and a smaller hypertrophic chondrocyte zone. Later, progression out of chondrocyte hypertrophy was slowed, leading to an accumulation of COLX-expressing hypertrophic chondrocytes and formation of a smaller primary ossification center with fewer osteoblast progenitor cells populating this region. Targeting Foxc1 and Foxc2 in hypertrophic chondrocytes with Col10a1-cre also resulted in an expanded hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and smaller primary ossification center. Our findings suggest that FOXC1 and FOXC2 direct chondrocyte maturation towards hypertrophic chondrocyte formation. At later stages, FOXC1 and FOXC2 regulate function in hypertrophic chondrocyte remodeling to allow primary ossification center formation and osteoblast recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Almubarak
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Qiuwan Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noor Abdelwahab
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew B. Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fred B. Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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2
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Ichiyama-Kobayashi S, Hata K, Wakamori K, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Yamanaka H, Takano H, Yao R, Uzawa N, Nishimura R. Chromatin profiling identifies chondrocyte-specific Sox9 enhancers important for skeletal development. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175486. [PMID: 38855864 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor SRY-related HMG box 9 (Sox9) is essential for chondrogenesis. Mutations in and around SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia (CD) characterized by skeletal malformations. Although the function of Sox9 in this context is well studied, the mechanisms that regulate Sox9 expression in chondrocytes remain to be elucidated. Here, we have used genome-wide profiling to identify 2 Sox9 enhancers located in a proximal breakpoint cluster responsible for CD. Enhancer activity of E308 (located 308 kb 5' upstream) and E160 (located 160 kb 5' upstream) correlated with Sox9 expression levels, and both enhancers showed a synergistic effect in vitro. While single deletions in mice had no apparent effect, simultaneous deletion of both E308 and E160 caused a dwarf phenotype, concomitant with a reduction of Sox9 expression in chondrocytes. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 2-dependent chondrocyte differentiation of limb bud mesenchymal cells was severely attenuated in E308/E160 deletion mice. Finally, we found that an open chromatin region upstream of the Sox9 gene was reorganized in the E308/E160 deletion mice to partially compensate for the loss of E308 and E160. In conclusion, our findings reveal a mechanism of Sox9 gene regulation in chondrocytes that might aid in our understanding of the pathophysiology of skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Ichiyama-Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Kanta Wakamori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
- Genome Editing Research and Development Unit, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hitomi Yamanaka
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takano
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, and
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3
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Darbellay F, Ramisch A, Lopez-Delisle L, Kosicki M, Rauseo A, Jouini Z, Visel A, Andrey G. Pre-hypertrophic chondrogenic enhancer landscape of limb and axial skeleton development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4820. [PMID: 38844479 PMCID: PMC11156918 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte differentiation controls skeleton development and stature. Here we provide a comprehensive map of chondrocyte-specific enhancers and show that they provide a mechanistic framework through which non-coding genetic variants can influence skeletal development and human stature. Working with fetal chondrocytes isolated from mice bearing a Col2a1 fluorescent regulatory sensor, we identify 780 genes and 2'704 putative enhancers specifically active in chondrocytes using a combination of RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and H3K27ac ChIP-seq. Most of these enhancers (74%) show pan-chondrogenic activity, with smaller populations being restricted to limb (18%) or trunk (8%) chondrocytes only. Notably, genetic variations overlapping these enhancers better explain height differences than those overlapping non-chondrogenic enhancers. Finally, targeted deletions of identified enhancers at the Fgfr3, Col2a1, Hhip and, Nkx3-2 loci confirm their role in regulating cognate genes. This enhancer map provides a framework for understanding how genes and non-coding variations influence bone development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Darbellay
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Ramisch
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kosicki
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Antonella Rauseo
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Jouini
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Guillaume Andrey
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Zhang P, Feng B, Dai G, Niu K, Zhang L. FOXC1 Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via the Dnmt3b/CXCL12 Axis. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:176-192. [PMID: 37306827 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects have remained a clinical problem in current orthopedics. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with multi-directional differentiation ability have become a research hotspot for repairing bone defects. In vitro and in vivo models were constructed, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed to detect osteogenic differentiation ability. Western blotting (WB) was used to detect the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related proteins. Serum inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Fracture recovery was evaluated by HE staining. The binding relationship between FOXC1 and Dnmt3b was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The relationship between Dnmt3b and CXCL12 was explored by MSP and ChIP assays. FOXC1 overexpression promoted calcium nodule formation, upregulated osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression, promoted osteogenic differentiation, and decreased inflammatory factor levels in BM-MSCs, and promoted callus formation, upregulated osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression, and downregulated CXCL12 expression in the mouse model. Furthermore, FOXC1 targeted Dnmt3b, with Dnmt3b knockdown decreasing calcium nodule formation and downregulating osteogenic differentiation-related protein expression. Additionally, inhibiting Dnmt3b expression upregulated CXCL12 protein expression and inhibited CXCL12 methylation. Dnmt3b could be binded to CXCL12. CXCL12 overexpression attenuated the effects of FOXC1 overexpression and inhibited BM-MSCs osteogenic differentiation. This study confirmed that the FOXC1-mediated regulation of the Dnmt3b/CXCL12 axis had positive effects on the osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014010, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Hojo H, Ohba S. Runt-related Transcription Factors and Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in Skeletal Development and Diseases. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:485-492. [PMID: 37436583 PMCID: PMC10543954 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play critical roles in skeletal development, metabolism, and diseases. In mammals, three RUNX members, namely RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, play distinct and redundant roles, although RUNX2 is a dominant factor in skeletal development and several skeletal diseases. This review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of RUNX-mediated transcriptional regulation in different skeletal cell types. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) have revealed genome-wide RUNX-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms, including their association with cis-regulatory elements and putative target genes. Further studies with genome-wide analysis and biochemical assays have shed light on RUNX-mediated pioneering action and involvements of RUNX2 in lipid-lipid phase separation. Emerging multi-layered mechanisms of RUNX-mediated gene regulations help us better understanding of skeletal development and diseases, which also provides clues to think how genome-wide studies can help develop therapeutic strategies for skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Tissue and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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6
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Yeboah RL, Pira CU, Shankel M, Cooper AM, Haro E, Ly VD, Wysong K, Zhang M, Sandoval N, Oberg KC. Sox, Fox, and Lmx1b binding sites differentially regulate a Gdf5-Associated regulatory region during elbow development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1215406. [PMID: 37492222 PMCID: PMC10364121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1215406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The articulating ends of limb bones have precise morphology and asymmetry that ensures proper joint function. Growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) is a secreted morphogen involved in cartilage and bone development that contributes to the architecture of developing joints. Dysregulation of Gdf5 results in joint dysmorphogenesis often leading to progressive joint degeneration or osteoarthritis (OA). The transcription factors and cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) that regulate Gdf5 expression are not well characterized. We previously identified a Gdf5-associated regulatory region (GARR) that contains predicted binding sites for Lmx1b, Osr2, Fox, and the Sox transcription factors. These transcription factors are recognized factors involved in joint morphogenesis and skeletal development. Methods: We used in situ hybridization to Gdf5, Col2A1, and the transcription factors of interest in developing chicken limbs to determine potential overlap in expression. We further analyzed scRNA-seq data derived from limbs and knees in published mouse and chicken datasets, identifying cells with coexpression of Gdf5 and the transcription factors of interest. We also performed site-directed mutatgenesis of the predicted transcription factor binding sites in a GARR-reporter construct and determined any change in activity using targeted regional electroporation (TREP) in micromass and embryonic chicken wing bioassays. Results: Gdf5 expression overlapped the expression of these transcription factors during joint development both by in situ hybridization (ISH) and scRNA-seq analyses. Within the GARR CRM, mutation of two binding sites common to Fox and Sox transcripstion factors reduced enhancer activity to background levels in micromass cultures and in ovo embryonic chicken wing bioassays, whereas mutation of two Sox-only binding sites caused a significant increase in activity. These results indicate that the Fox/Sox binding sites are required for activity, while the Sox-only sites are involved in repression of activity. Mutation of Lmx1b binding sites in GARR caused an overall reduction in enhancer activity in vitro and a dorsal reduction in ovo. Despite a recognized role for Osr2 in joint development, disruption of the predicted Osr2 site did not alter GARR activity. Conclusion: Taken together, our data indicates that GARR integrates positive, repressive, and asymmetrical inputs to fine-tune the expression of Gdf5 during elbow joint development.
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Kim HM, Kang B, Park S, Park H, Kim C, Lee H, Yoo M, Kweon MN, Im SH, Kim T, Roh TY. Forkhead box protein D2 suppresses colorectal cancer by reprogramming enhancer interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6143-6155. [PMID: 37158258 PMCID: PMC10325893 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic stem cells contribute to normal tissue homeostasis, and their epigenomic features play an important role in regulating tissue identities or developing disease states. Enhancers are one of the key players controlling chromatin context-specific gene expression in a spatial and temporal manner while maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their dysregulation leads to tumorigenesis. Here, epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that forkhead box protein D2 (FOXD2) is a hub for the gene regulatory network exclusive to large intestinal stem cells, and its overexpression plays a significant role in colon cancer regression. FOXD2 is positioned at the closed chromatin and facilitates mixed-lineage leukemia protein-4 (MLL4/KMT2D) binding to deposit H3K4 monomethylation. De novo FOXD2-mediated chromatin interactions rewire the regulation of p53-responsive genes and induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our findings illustrate the novel mechanistic details of FOXD2 in suppressing colorectal cancer growth and suggest its function as a chromatin-tuning factor and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Min Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghee Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyorim Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijoung Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kweon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- ImmunoBiome, Inc., Pohang 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Sysgenlab Inc., Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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Garza Flores A, Nordgren I, Pettersson M, Dias-Santagata D, Nilsson D, Hammarsjö A, Lindstrand A, Batkovskyte D, Wiggs J, Walton DS, Goldenberg P, Eisfeldt J, Lin AE, Lachman RS, Nishimura G, Grigelioniene G. Case report: Extending the spectrum of clinical and molecular findings in FOXC1 haploinsufficiency syndrome. Front Genet 2023; 14:1174046. [PMID: 37424725 PMCID: PMC10326848 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1174046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXC1 is a ubiquitously expressed forkhead transcription factor that plays a critical role during early development. Germline pathogenic variants in FOXC1 are associated with anterior segment dysgenesis and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS, #602482), an autosomal dominant condition with ophthalmologic anterior segment abnormalities, high risk for glaucoma and extraocular findings including distinctive facial features, as well as dental, skeletal, audiologic, and cardiac anomalies. De Hauwere syndrome is an ultrarare condition previously associated with 6p microdeletions and characterized by anterior segment dysgenesis, joint instability, short stature, hydrocephalus, and skeletal abnormalities. Here, we report clinical findings of two unrelated adult females with FOXC1 haploinsufficiency who have ARS and skeletal abnormalities. Final molecular diagnoses of both patients were achieved using genome sequencing. Patient 1 had a complex rearrangement involving a 4.9 kB deletion including FOXC1 coding region (Hg19; chr6:1,609,721-1,614,709), as well as a 7 MB inversion (Hg19; chr6:1,614,710-8,676,899) and a second deletion of 7.1 kb (Hg19; chr6:8,676,900-8,684,071). Patient 2 had a heterozygous single nucleotide deletion, resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon in FOXC1 (NM_001453.3): c.467del, p.(Pro156Argfs*25). Both individuals had moderate short stature, skeletal abnormalities, anterior segment dysgenesis, glaucoma, joint laxity, pes planovalgus, dental anomalies, hydrocephalus, distinctive facial features, and normal intelligence. Skeletal surveys revealed dolichospondyly, epiphyseal hypoplasia of femoral and humeral heads, dolichocephaly with frontal bossin gand gracile long bones. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of FOXC1 causes ARS and a broad spectrum of symptoms with variable expressivity that at its most severe end also includes a phenotype overlapping with De Hauwere syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garza Flores
- Medical Genetics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Genetics Department, Cook Children´s Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ida Nordgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pettersson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dora Dias-Santagata
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hammarsjö
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janey Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ocular Genomics Institute, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David S. Walton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paula Goldenberg
- Medical Genetics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela E. Lin
- Medical Genetics, Mass General for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ralph S. Lachman
- Department of Radiological Sciences and Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Radiological Sciences Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Orthopedic Department, International Skeletal Dysplasia Registry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Musashino-Yowakai Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Almubarak A, Zhang Q, Zhang CH, Lassar AB, Kume T, Berry FB. Foxc1 and Foxc2 function in osteochondral progenitors for the progression through chondrocyte hypertrophy and mineralization of the primary ossification center. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538325. [PMID: 37162896 PMCID: PMC10168324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The forkhead box transcription factor genes Foxc1 and Foxc2 are expressed in the condensing mesenchyme of the developing skeleton prior to the onset of chondrocyte differentiation. To determine the roles of these transcription factors in limb development we deleted both Foxc1 and Foxc2 in lateral plate mesoderm using the Prx1-cre mouse line. Resulting compound homozygous mice died shortly after birth with exencephaly, and malformations to this sternum and limb skeleton. Notably distal limb structures were preferentially affected, with the autopods displaying reduced or absent mineralization. The radius and tibia bowed and the ulna and fibula were reduced to an unmineralized rudimentary structure. Molecular analysis revealed reduced expression of Ihh leading to reduced proliferation and delayed chondrocyte hypertrophy at E14.5. At later ages, Prx1-cre;Foxc1Δ/ Δ;Foxc2 Δ / Δ embryos exhibited restored Ihh expression and an expanded COLX-positive hypertrophic chondrocyte region, indicating a delayed exit and impaired remodeling of the hypertrophic chondrocytes. Osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were disrupted at the osteochondral junction and in the primary ossification center (POC). Levels of OSTEOPONTIN were elevated in the POC of compound homozygous mutants, while expression of Phex was reduced, indicating that impaired OPN processing by PHEX may underlie the mineralization defect we observe. Together our findings suggest that Foxc1 and Foxc2 act at different stages of endochondral ossification. Initially these genes act during the onset of chondrogenesis leading to the formation of hypertrophic chondrocytes. At later stages Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for remodeling of HC and for Phex expression required for mineralization of the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Almubarak
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Qiuwan Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA. 02115
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA. 02115
| | - Andrew B. Lassar
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA. 02115
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada
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10
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Hojo H. Emerging RUNX2-Mediated Gene Regulatory Mechanisms Consisting of Multi-Layered Regulatory Networks in Skeletal Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032979. [PMID: 36769300 PMCID: PMC9917854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal development is tightly coordinated by chondrocytes and osteoblasts, which are derived from skeletal progenitors, and distinct cell-type gene regulatory programs underlie the specification and differentiation of cells. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is essential to chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoblast differentiation. Genetic studies have revealed the biological functions of Runx2 and its involvement in skeletal genetic diseases. Meanwhile, molecular biology has provided a framework for our understanding of RUNX2-mediated transactivation at a limited number of cis-regulatory elements. Furthermore, studies using next-generation sequencing (NGS) have provided information on RUNX2-mediated gene regulation at the genome level and novel insights into the multiple layers of gene regulatory mechanisms, including the modes of action of RUNX2, chromatin accessibility, the concept of pioneer factors and phase separation, and three-dimensional chromatin organization. In this review, I summarize the emerging RUNX2-mediated regulatory mechanism from a multi-layer perspective and discuss future perspectives for applications in the treatment of skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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11
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Gao M, Liu X, Guo P, Wang J, Li J, Wang W, Stoddart MJ, Grad S, Li Z, Wu H, Li B, He Z, Zhou G, Liu S, Zhu W, Chen D, Zou X, Zhou Z. Deciphering postnatal limb development at single-cell resolution. iScience 2022; 26:105808. [PMID: 36619982 PMCID: PMC9813795 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The early postnatal limb developmental progression bridges embryonic and mature stages and mirrors the pathological remodeling of articular cartilage. However, compared with multitudinous research on embryonic limb development, the early postnatal stage seems relatively unnoticed. Here, a systematic work to portray the postnatal limb developmental landscape was carried out by characterization of 19,952 single cells from murine hindlimbs at 4 postnatal stages using single-cell RNA sequencing technique. By delineation of cell heterogeneity, the candidate progenitor sub-clusters marked by Cd34 and Ly6e were discovered in articular cartilage and enthesis, and three cellular developmental branches marked by Col10a1, Spp1, and Tnni2 were reflected in growth plate. The representative transcriptomes and developmental patterns were intensively explored, and the key regulation mechanisms as well as evolvement in osteoarthritis were discussed. Above all, these results expand horizons of postnatal limb developmental biology and reach the interconnections between limb development, remodeling, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Department of Sport Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Huachuan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongyuan He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Department of Sport Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China,Corresponding author
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing JiShuiTan Hospital, Beijing 100035, China,Corresponding author
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,Corresponding author
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12
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Trani JP, Chevalier R, Caron L, El Yazidi C, Broucqsault N, Toury L, Thomas M, Annab K, Binetruy B, De Sandre-Giovannoli A, Levy N, Magdinier F, Robin JD. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from patients with premature aging syndromes display hallmarks of physiological aging. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201501. [PMID: 36104080 PMCID: PMC9475049 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes are rare genetic diseases with most of autosomal dominant transmission, the prevalence of which is less than 1/10,000,000. These syndromes caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding A-type lamins belong to a group of disorders called laminopathies. Lamins are implicated in the architecture and function of the nucleus and chromatin. Patients affected with progeroid laminopathies display accelerated aging of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)–derived tissues associated with nuclear morphological abnormalities. To identify pathways altered in progeroid patients’ MSCs, we used induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients affected with classical Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, c.1824C>T—p.G608G), HGPS-like syndrome (HGPS-L; c.1868C>G—p.T623S) associated with farnesylated prelamin A accumulation, or atypical progeroid syndromes (APS; homozygous c.1583C> T—p.T528M; heterozygous c.1762T>C—p.C588R; compound heterozygous c.1583C>T and c.1619T>C—p.T528M and p.M540T) without progerin accumulation. By comparative analysis of the transcriptome and methylome of hiPSC-derived MSCs, we found that patient’s MSCs display specific DNA methylation patterns and modulated transcription at early stages of differentiation. We further explored selected biological processes deregulated in the presence of LMNA variants and confirmed alterations of age-related pathways during MSC differentiation. In particular, we report the presence of an altered mitochondrial pattern; an increased response to double-strand DNA damage; and telomere erosion in HGPS, HGPS-L, and APS MSCs, suggesting converging pathways, independent of progerin accumulation, but a distinct DNA methylation profile in HGPS and HGPS-L compared with APS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Philippe Trani
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaël Chevalier
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Leslie Caron
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Claire El Yazidi
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Broucqsault
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Léa Toury
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Morgane Thomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Karima Annab
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Binetruy
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Annachiara De Sandre-Giovannoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
- Biological Resource Center (CRB-TAC), APHM, La Timone Children’s Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital d’Enfants de la Timone, Marseille, France
- Biological Resource Center (CRB-TAC), APHM, La Timone Children’s Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jérôme D Robin
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
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13
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Hojo H, Saito T, He X, Guo Q, Onodera S, Azuma T, Koebis M, Nakao K, Aiba A, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Okada H, Tanaka S, Chung UI, McMahon AP, Ohba S. Runx2 regulates chromatin accessibility to direct the osteoblast program at neonatal stages. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111315. [PMID: 36070691 PMCID: PMC9510047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional regulator Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) has essential but distinct roles in osteoblasts and chondrocytes in skeletal development. However, Runx2-mediated regulatory mechanisms underlying the distinctive programming of osteoblasts and chondrocytes are not well understood. Here, we perform an integrative analysis to investigate Runx2-DNA binding and chromatin accessibility ex vivo using neonatal osteoblasts and chondrocytes. We find that Runx2 engages with cell-type-distinct chromatin-accessible regions, potentially interacting with different combinations of transcriptional regulators, forming cell-type-specific hotspots, and potentiating chromatin accessibility. Genetic analysis and direct cellular reprogramming studies suggest that Runx2 is essential for establishment of chromatin accessibility in osteoblasts. Functional enhancer studies identify an Sp7 distal enhancer driven by Runx2-dependent binding and osteoblast-specific chromatin accessibility, contributing to normal osteoblast differentiation. Our findings provide a framework for understanding the regulatory landscape encompassing Runx2-mediated and cell-type-distinct enhancer networks that underlie the specification of osteoblasts. Hojo et al. investigate the gene-regulatory landscape underlying specification of skeletal cell types in neonatal mice. Runx2, an osteoblast determinant, engages with cell-type-distinct chromatin-accessible regions and is essential for establishment of chromatin accessibility in osteoblasts. The study provides insights into enhancer networks in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Taku Saito
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ung-Il Chung
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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14
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Oka S, Tsuzuki T, Hidaka M, Ohno M, Nakatsu Y, Sekiguchi M. Endogenous ROS production in early differentiation state suppresses endoderm differentiation via transient FOXC1 expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:150. [PMID: 35365611 PMCID: PMC8976013 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the differentiation and proliferation of cells and programmed cell death. However, studies on the role of oxidative stress in differentiation have mainly employed the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during differentiation or generated by ROS inducers. Therefore, it is difficult to clarify the significance of endogenous ROS production in the differentiation of human cells. We developed a system to control the intracellular level of ROS in the initial stage of differentiation in human iPS cells. By introducing a specific substitution (I69E) into the SDHC protein, a component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, the endogenous ROS level increased. This caused impaired endoderm differentiation of iPS cells, and this impairment was reversed by overproduction of mitochondrial-targeted catalase, an anti-oxidant enzyme. Expression of tumor-related FOXC1 transcription factor increased transiently as early as 4 h after ROS-overproduction in the initial stage of differentiation. Knockdown of FOXC1 markedly improved impaired endoderm differentiation, suggesting that endogenous ROS production in the early differentiation state suppresses endoderm differentiation via transient FOXC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugako Oka
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Teruhisa Tsuzuki
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan.,Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masumi Hidaka
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 819-0193, Japan.,Oral Medicine Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 819-0193, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ohno
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medical Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Sekiguchi
- Frontier Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
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15
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Wells KM, Baumel M, McCusker CD. The Regulation of Growth in Developing, Homeostatic, and Regenerating Tetrapod Limbs: A Minireview. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:768505. [PMID: 35047496 PMCID: PMC8763381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The size and shape of the tetrapod limb play central roles in their functionality and the overall physiology of the organism. In this minireview we will discuss observations on mutant animal models and humans, which show that the growth and final size of the limb is most impacted by factors that regulate either limb bud patterning or the elongation of the long bones. We will also apply the lessons that have been learned from embryos to how growth could be regulated in regenerating limb structures and outline the challenges that are unique to regenerating animals.
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16
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Almubarak A, Berry FB. Assessment of Growth Plate Chondrocytes Proliferative Activity in Embryonic Endochondral Ossification via Ki-67 Immunofluorescence. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2579:227-233. [PMID: 36045210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2736-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is one of the key events that regulates organism development. In the limb, chondrocytes differentiate into a multi-layered cellular template called the growth plate. Chondrocyte proliferation is essential to provide the necessary cells that allow growth of a bone. Deregulated cell proliferation will lead to truncated bone elements. Immunofluorescence is a biological technique that uses specific antibodies to detect the subcellular localization of a proliferative marker within cellular or tissue context. In this chapter, we illustrate how to perform immunofluorescence to detect the localization of Ki-67 (a marker of actively growing/proliferating chondrocytes) in order to assess the growth fraction of the columnar chondrocytes in the growth plate in paraffin-embedded mouse tissue limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Almubarak
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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17
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Wells KM, Kelley K, Baumel M, Vieira WA, McCusker CD. Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate. eLife 2021; 10:68584. [PMID: 34779399 PMCID: PMC8716110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate growth and size of the regenerating limb in tetrapods such as the Mexican axolotl are unknown. Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the ‘tiny-limb’ stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size. In the current study we have characterized this growth and have found that signaling from the limb nerves is required for its maintenance. Using the regenerative assay known as the accessory limb model (ALM), we have found that growth and size of the limb positively correlates with nerve abundance. We have additionally developed a new regenerative assay called the neural modified-ALM (NM-ALM), which decouples the source of the nerves from the regenerating host environment. Using the NM-ALM we discovered that non-neural extrinsic factors from differently sized host animals do not play a prominent role in determining the size of the regenerating limb. We have also discovered that the regulation of limb size is not autonomously regulated by the limb nerves. Together, these observations show that the limb nerves provide essential cues to regulate ontogenetic allometric growth and the final size of the regenerating limb. Humans’ ability to regrow lost or damaged body parts is relatively limited, but some animals, such as the axolotl (a Mexican salamander), can regenerate complex body parts, like legs, many times over their lives. Studying regeneration in these animals could help researchers enhance humans’ abilities to heal. One way to do this is using the Accessory Limb Model (ALM), where scientists wound an axolotl’s leg, and study the additional leg that grows from the wound. The first stage of limb regeneration creates a new leg that has the right structure and shape. The new leg is very small so the next phase involves growing the leg until its size matches the rest of the animal. This phase must be controlled so that the limb stops growing when it reaches the right size, but how this regulation works is unclear. Previous research suggests that the number of nerves in the new leg could be important. Wells et al. used a ALM to study how the size of regenerating limbs is controlled. They found that changing the number of nerves connected to the new leg altered its size, with more nerves leading to a larger leg. Next, Wells et al. created a system that used transplanted nerve bundles of different sizes to grow new legs in different sized axolotls. This showed that the size of the resulting leg is controlled by the number of nerves connecting it to the CNS. Wells et al. also showed that nerves can only control regeneration if they remain connected to the central nervous system. These results explain how size is controlled during limb regeneration in axolotls, highlighting the fact that regrowth is directly controlled by the number of nerves connected to a regenerating leg. Much more work is needed to reveal the details of this process and the signals nerves use to control growth. It will also be important to determine whether this control system is exclusive to axolotls, or whether other animals also use it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee M Wells
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
| | - Kristina Kelley
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
| | - Mary Baumel
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
| | - Warren A Vieira
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
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18
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Sun Y, Wu Q, Dai K, You Y, Jiang W. Generating 3D-cultured organoids for pre-clinical modeling and treatment of degenerative joint disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:380. [PMID: 34764239 PMCID: PMC8585871 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqing You
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zfhx4 regulates endochondral ossification as the transcriptional platform of Osterix in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1258. [PMID: 34732852 PMCID: PMC8566502 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is regulated by transcription factors that include SRY-box transcription factor 9, runt-related protein 2 (Runx2), and Osterix. However, the sequential and harmonious regulation of the multiple steps of endochondral ossification is unclear. This study identified zinc finger homeodomain 4 (Zfhx4) as a crucial transcriptional partner of Osterix. We found that Zfhx4 was highly expressed in cartilage and that Zfhx4 deficient mice had reduced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 13 and inhibited calcification of cartilage matrices. These phenotypes were very similar to impaired chondrogenesis in Osterix deficient mice. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence indicated a physical interaction between Zfhx4 and Osterix. Notably, Zfhx4 and Osterix double mutant mice showed more severe phenotype than Zfhx4 deficient mice. Additionally, Zfhx4 interacted with Runx2 that functions upstream of Osterix. Our findings suggest that Zfhx4 coordinates the transcriptional network of Osterix and, consequently, endochondral ossification.
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20
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Xu Y, Lin WW, Luo Z, Han Z, Liu S, Qi B, Sun C, Go K, Kang XR, Chen J. Single-Cell Integration Analysis of Heterotopic Ossification and Fibrocartilage Developmental Lineage: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Effector Xbp1 Transcriptionally Regulates the Notch Signaling Pathway to Mediate Fibrocartilage Differentiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7663366. [PMID: 34737845 PMCID: PMC8563124 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7663366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regeneration of fibrochondrocytes is essential for the healing of the tendon-bone interface (TBI), which is similar to the formation of neurogenic heterotopic ossification (HO). Through single-cell integrative analysis, this study explored the homogeneity of HO cells and fibrochondrocytes. METHODS This study integrated six datasets, namely, GSE94683, GSE144306, GSE168153, GSE138515, GSE102929, and GSE110993. The differentiation trajectory and key transcription factors (TFs) for HO occurrence were systematically analyzed by integrating single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing, bulk RNA sequencing, and assay of transposase accessible chromatin seq. The differential expression and enrichment pathways of TFs in heterotopically ossified tissues were identified. RESULTS HO that mimicked pathological cells was classified into HO1 and HO2 cell subsets. Results of the pseudo-temporal sequence analysis suggested that HO2 is a differentiated precursor cell of HO1. The analysis of integrated scRNA data revealed that ectopically ossified cells have similar transcriptional characteristics to cells in the fibrocartilaginous zone of tendons. The modified SCENIC method was used to identify specific transcriptional regulators associated with ectopic ossification. Xbp1 was defined as a common key transcriptional regulator of ectopically ossified tissues and the fibrocartilaginous zone of tendons. Subsequently, the CellPhoneDB database was completed for the cellular ligand-receptor analysis. With further pathway screening, this study is the first to propose that Xbp1 may upregulate the Notch signaling pathway through Jag1 transcription. Twenty-four microRNAs were screened and were found to be potentially associated with upregulation of XBP1 expression after acute ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION A systematic analysis of the differentiation landscape and cellular homogeneity facilitated a molecular understanding of the phenotypic similarities between cells in the fibrocartilaginous region of tendon and HO cells. Furthermore, by identifying Xbp1 as a hub regulator and by conducting a ligand-receptor analysis, we propose a potential Xbp1/Jag1/Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- Internal Medicine, AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, 2900 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 60657 Illinois, USA
| | - Ken Go
- Department of Clinical Training Centre, St. Marianna Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - x.-R. Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Takahata Y, Hagino H, Kimura A, Urushizaki M, Kobayashi S, Wakamori K, Fujiwara C, Nakamura E, Yu K, Kiyonari H, Bando K, Murakami T, Komori T, Hata K, Nishimura R. Smoc1 and Smoc2 regulate bone formation as downstream molecules of Runx2. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1199. [PMID: 34667264 PMCID: PMC8526618 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx2 is an essential transcription factor for bone formation. Although osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein are well-known Runx2-regulated bone-specific genes, the skeletal phenotypes of knockout (KO) mice for these genes are marginal compared with those of Runx2 KO mice. These inconsistencies suggest that unknown Runx2-regulated genes play important roles in bone formation. To address this, we attempted to identify the Runx2 targets by performing RNA-sequencing and found Smoc1 and Smoc2 upregulation by Runx2. Smoc1 or Smoc2 knockdown inhibited osteoblastogenesis. Smoc1 KO mice displayed no fibula formation, while Smoc2 KO mice had mild craniofacial phenotypes. Surprisingly, Smoc1 and Smoc2 double KO (DKO) mice manifested no skull, shortened tibiae, and no fibulae. Endochondral bone formation was also impaired at the late stage in the DKO mice. Collectively, these results suggest that Smoc1 and Smoc2 function as novel targets for Runx2, and play important roles in intramembranous and endochondral bone formation. Takahata et al. investigate the functional role of SMOC1/2 proteins in skeletal development. They reveal a genetic pathway that includes Bmp2 and Runx2 inducing expression of the paralogous Smoc genes, which may offer novel and effective therapeutic strategies associated with various bone and cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Hagino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Urushizaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanta Wakamori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Fujiwara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kayon Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kana Bando
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Conserved and species-specific chromatin remodeling and regulatory dynamics during mouse and chicken limb bud development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5685. [PMID: 34584102 PMCID: PMC8479071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling and genomic alterations impact spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression, which is central to embryonic development. The analysis of mouse and chicken limb development provides important insights into the morphoregulatory mechanisms, however little is known about the regulatory differences underlying their morphological divergence. Here, we identify the underlying shared and species-specific epigenomic and genomic variations. In mouse forelimb buds, we observe striking synchrony between the temporal dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene expression, while their divergence in chicken wing buds uncovers species-specific regulatory heterochrony. In silico mapping of transcription factor binding sites and computational footprinting establishes the developmental time-restricted transcription factor-DNA interactions. Finally, the construction of target gene networks for HAND2 and GLI3 transcriptional regulators reveals both conserved and species-specific interactions. Our analysis reveals the impact of genome evolution on the regulatory interactions orchestrating vertebrate limb bud morphogenesis and provides a molecular framework for comparative Evo-Devo studies. The vertebrate limb bud is a paradigm to uncover the fundamental mechanisms that govern embryogenesis and evolutionary diversification. Here the authors compare mouse and chicken limb bud development to study the impact of genome evolution on conserved and divergent gene regulatory interactions.
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23
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Almubarak A, Lavy R, Srnic N, Hu Y, Maripuri DP, Kume T, Berry FB. Loss of Foxc1 and Foxc2 function in chondroprogenitor cells disrupts endochondral ossification. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101020. [PMID: 34331943 PMCID: PMC8383119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral ossification initiates the growth of the majority of the mammalian skeleton and is tightly controlled through gene regulatory networks. The forkhead box transcription factors Foxc1 and Foxc2 regulate aspects of osteoblast function in the formation of the skeleton, but their roles in chondrocytes to control endochondral ossification are less clear. Here, we demonstrate that Foxc1 expression is directly regulated by the activity of SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 9, one of the earliest transcription factors to specify the chondrocyte lineage. Moreover, we demonstrate that elevated expression of Foxc1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells and loss of Foxc1 function inhibits chondrogenesis in vitro. Using chondrocyte-targeted deletion of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in mice, we reveal a role for these factors in chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Loss of both Foxc1 and Foxc2 caused a general skeletal dysplasia predominantly affecting the vertebral column. The long bones of the limbs were smaller, mineralization was reduced, and organization of the growth plate was disrupted; in particular, the stacked columnar organization of the proliferative chondrocyte layer was reduced in size and cell proliferation was decreased. Differential gene expression analysis indicated disrupted expression patterns of chondrogenesis and ossification genes throughout the entire process of endochondral ossification in chondrocyte-specific Foxc1/Foxc2 KO embryos. Our results suggest that Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for normal chondrocyte differentiation and function, as loss of both genes results in disorganization of the growth plate, reduced chondrocyte proliferation, and delays in chondrocyte hypertrophy that prevents ossification of the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Almubarak
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rotem Lavy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikola Srnic
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yawen Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Tsutomo Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fred B Berry
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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24
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Wang L, Sun L, Kim BYS, Jiang W, Yuan Y, Liu C. Spatiotemporal Immunomodulation Using Biomimetic Scaffold Promotes Endochondral Ossification-Mediated Bone Healing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100143. [PMID: 34105266 PMCID: PMC8188258 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials play an important role in treating bone defects by promoting direct osteogenic healing through intramembranous ossification (IO). However, majority of the body's bones form via cartilaginous intermediates by endochondral ossification (EO), a process that has not been well mimicked by engineered scaffolds, thus limiting their clinical utility in treating large segmental bone defects. Here, by entrapping corticosteroid dexamethasone within biomimetic recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-loaded porous mesoporous bioglass scaffolds and regulating their release kinetics, significant degree of ectopic bone formation through endochondral ossification is achieved. By regulating the recruitment and polarization of immune suppressive macrophage phenotypes, the scaffold promotes rapid chondrogenesis by activating Hif-3α signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells, which upregulates the expression of downstream chondrogenic genes. Inhibition of Hif-3α signaling reverses the endochondral ossification phenotype. Together, these results reveal a strategy to facilitate developmental bone growth process using immune modulating biomimetic scaffolds, thus providing new opportunities for developing biomaterials capable of inducing natural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Lixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Betty Y. S. Kim
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, and Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of EducationEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
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25
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Ono K, Hata K, Nakamura E, Ishihara S, Kobayashi S, Nakanishi M, Yoshida M, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Takenoshita S, Komori T, Nishimura R, Yoneda T. Dmrt2 promotes transition of endochondral bone formation by linking Sox9 and Runx2. Commun Biol 2021; 4:326. [PMID: 33707608 PMCID: PMC7952723 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endochondral bone formation is fundamental for skeletal development. During this process, chondrocytes undergo multiple steps of differentiation and coordinated transition from a proliferating to a hypertrophic stage, which is critical to advance skeletal development. Here, we identified the transcription factor Dmrt2 (double-sex and mab-3 related transcription factor 2) as a Sox9-inducible gene that promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy in pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes. Epigenetic analysis further demonstrated that Sox9 regulates Dmrt2 expression through an active enhancer located 18 kb upstream of the Dmrt2 gene and that this enhancer's chromatin status is progressively activated through chondrocyte differentiation. Dmrt2-knockout mice exhibited a dwarf phenotype with delayed initiation of chondrocyte hypertrophy. Dmrt2 augmented hypertrophic chondrocyte gene expression including Ihh through physical and functional interaction with Runx2. Furthermore, Dmrt2 deficiency reduced Runx2-dependent Ihh expression. Our findings suggest that Dmrt2 is critical for sequential chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone formation and coordinates the transcriptional network between Sox9 and Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ono
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Ishihara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachi Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Nakanishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Souzeau E, Siggs OM, Pasutto F, Knight LSW, Perez‐Jurado LA, McGregor L, Le Blanc S, Barnett CP, Liebelt J, Craig JE. Gene-specific facial dysmorphism in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome caused by FOXC1 and PITX2 variants. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:434-439. [PMID: 33231930 PMCID: PMC7839469 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by ocular and systemic features and is most commonly caused by variants in the FOXC1 or PITX2 genes. Facial dysmorphism is part of the syndrome but the differences between both genes have never been systematically assessed. Here, 11 facial traits commonly reported in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome were assessed by five clinical geneticists blinded to the molecular diagnosis. Individuals were drawn from the Australian and New Zealand Registry of Advanced Glaucoma in Australia or recruited through the Genetic and Ophthalmology Unit of l'Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda in Italy. Thirty-four individuals from 18 families were included. FOXC1 variants were present in 64.7% of individuals and PITX2 variants in 35.3% of individuals. A thin upper lip (55.9%) and a prominent forehead (41.2%) were common facial features shared between both genes. Hypertelorism/telecanthus (81.8% vs 25.0%, p = 0.002) and low-set ears (31.8% vs 0.0%, p = 0.036) were significantly more prevalent in individuals with FOXC1 variants compared with PITX2 variants. These findings may assist clinicians in reaching correct clinical and molecular diagnoses, and providing appropriate genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human GeneticsFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Lachlan S. W. Knight
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Luis A. Perez‐Jurado
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu FabraHospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) and CIBERERBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lesley McGregor
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Shannon Le Blanc
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Christopher P. Barnett
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jan Liebelt
- Paediatric and Reproductive Genetics UnitWomen's and Children's HospitalAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of OphthalmologyFlinders University, Flinders Medical CentreAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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27
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Xu P, Yu HV, Tseng KC, Flath M, Fabian P, Segil N, Crump JG. Foxc1 establishes enhancer accessibility for craniofacial cartilage differentiation. eLife 2021; 10:63595. [PMID: 33501917 PMCID: PMC7891931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of cartilage requires Sox9, a transcription factor with broad roles for organogenesis outside the skeletal system. How Sox9 and other factors gain access to cartilage-specific cis-regulatory regions during skeletal development was unknown. By analyzing chromatin accessibility during the differentiation of neural crest cells into chondrocytes of the zebrafish head, we find that cartilage-associated chromatin accessibility is dynamically established. Cartilage-associated regions that become accessible after neural crest migration are co-enriched for Sox9 and Fox transcription factor binding motifs. In zebrafish lacking Foxc1 paralogs, we find a global decrease in chromatin accessibility in chondrocytes, consistent with a later loss of dorsal facial cartilages. Zebrafish transgenesis assays confirm that many of these Foxc1-dependent elements function as enhancers with region- and stage-specific activity in facial cartilages. These results show that Foxc1 promotes chondrogenesis in the face by establishing chromatin accessibility at a number of cartilage-associated gene enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Haoze V Yu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Mackenzie Flath
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Peter Fabian
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Segil
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
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28
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The Skull's Girder: A Brief Review of the Cranial Base. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9010003. [PMID: 33498686 PMCID: PMC7838769 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above, serves as a link between the head and the vertebral column below, and seamlessly integrates with the facial skeleton at its rostral end. Unique from the majority of the cranial skeleton, the cranial base develops from a cartilage intermediate-the chondrocranium-through the process of endochondral ossification. Owing to the intimate association of the cranial base with nearly all aspects of the head, congenital birth defects impacting these structures often coincide with anomalies of the cranial base. Despite this critical importance, studies investigating the genetic control of cranial base development and associated disorders lags in comparison to other craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight and review developmental and genetic aspects of the cranial base, including its transition from cartilage to bone, dual embryological origins, and vignettes of transcription factors controlling its formation.
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29
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Zhou Y, Liu S, Wang W, Sun Q, Lv M, Yang S, Tong S, Guo S. The miR-204-5p/FOXC1/GDF7 axis regulates the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells via the AKT and p38 signalling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:64. [PMID: 33461605 PMCID: PMC7814734 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are stem cells with the potential to differentiate in multiple directions. miR-204-5p is expressed at low levels during the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs, and its specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the function and possible molecular mechanism of miR-204-5p in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs. METHODS The expression patterns of miR-204-5p, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) and growth differentiation factor 7 (GDF7) in hADSCs during osteogenesis were detected by qRT-PCR. Then, ALP and alizarin red staining (ARS) were used to detect osteoblast activities and mineral deposition. Western blotting was conducted to confirm the protein levels. The regulatory relationship among miR-204-5p, FOXC1 and GDF7 was verified by dual-luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS miR-204-5p expression was downregulated in hADSC osteogenesis, and overexpression of miR-204-5p suppressed osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the levels of FOXC1 and GDF7 were decreased in the miR-204-5p mimics group, which indicates that miR-204-5p overexpression suppresses the expression of FOXC1 and GDF7 by binding to their 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). Overexpression of FOXC1 or GDF7 improved the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs induced by the miR-204-5p mimics. Moreover, FOXC1 was found to bind to the promoter of miR-204-5p and GDF7, promote the deacetylation of miR-204-5p and reduce the expression of miR-204-5p, thus promoting the expression of GDF7 during osteogenic differentiation. GDF7 induced hADSC osteogenesis differentiation by activating the AKT and P38 signalling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that the miR-204-5p/FOXC1/GDF7 axis regulates the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs via the AKT and p38 signalling pathways. This study further revealed the regulatory mechanism of hADSC differentiation from the perspective of miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengzhu Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Tong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, NO 155 Nanjing street Heping Strict, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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30
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Xu J, Wang K, Zhang Z, Xue D, Li W, Pan Z. The Role of Forkhead Box Family in Bone Metabolism and Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:772237. [PMID: 35153742 PMCID: PMC8832510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) family, an evolutionarily conserved family of transcription factors carrying the "Forkhead" motif, plays an indispensable role in human health and disease. Fox family genes are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, embryonic development, aging, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune regulation. The regulatory role of the Fox family in the context of bone metabolism and orthopedic diseases is an emerging research hotspot. In this review, we highlight the major molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of Fox factors in bone metabolism, bone development, bone homeostasis, and bone diseases associated with inhibition or upregulation of Fox factors. In addition, we discuss the emerging evidence in the realm of Fox factor-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kanbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
| | - Weixu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Deting Xue, ; Weixu Li, ; Zhijun Pan,
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G protein subunit β1 is an important mediator of the late stage of endochondral ossification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:90-96. [PMID: 32928505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein signaling plays important roles in skeletal development. G protein subunit β1 (GNB1) is a component of the G protein complex and is associated with G protein signaling. In humans, GNB1 mutations cause global developmental and persistent growth delays and severe neurodevelopmental disability. Similarly, Gnb1-knockout (KO) mice display growth retardation with neural tube defects. These genetic studies raise the possibility that GNB1 regulates skeletal development. This study was designed to investigate the role of GNB1 in skeletal development using Gnb1-KO mice. Gnb1-KO mice showed dwarfism, shortening of limbs, and a decreased ossifying zone of long bones. In situ hybridization and RT-qPCR analyses revealed that Col10a1 and Mmp13 expression was reduced in long bones of Gnb1-KO mice, while Runx2, Osterix, Ihh, and Ppr expression levels were similar to those in wild-type littermates. Gnb1-KO-derived osteoblasts maintained calcification abilities and the expression levels of osteoblast marker genes were unaltered, indicating that osteoblast differentiation and function were not affected in Gnb1-KO mice. Taken together, our results show that GNB1 is required for the late stage of endochondral bone formation by regulating Col10a1 and Mmp13 expression.
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32
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Chen G, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie Y, Sun J, Li S, Chen L. The biological function of BMAL1 in skeleton development and disorders. Life Sci 2020; 253:117636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Basu S, Mackowiak SD, Niskanen H, Knezevic D, Asimi V, Grosswendt S, Geertsema H, Ali S, Jerković I, Ewers H, Mundlos S, Meissner A, Ibrahim DM, Hnisz D. Unblending of Transcriptional Condensates in Human Repeat Expansion Disease. Cell 2020; 181:1062-1079.e30. [PMID: 32386547 PMCID: PMC7261253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Expansions of amino acid repeats occur in >20 inherited human disorders, and many occur in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of transcription factors (TFs). Such diseases are associated with protein aggregation, but the contribution of aggregates to pathology has been controversial. Here, we report that alanine repeat expansions in the HOXD13 TF, which cause hereditary synpolydactyly in humans, alter its phase separation capacity and its capacity to co-condense with transcriptional co-activators. HOXD13 repeat expansions perturb the composition of HOXD13-containing condensates in vitro and in vivo and alter the transcriptional program in a cell-specific manner in a mouse model of synpolydactyly. Disease-associated repeat expansions in other TFs (HOXA13, RUNX2, and TBP) were similarly found to alter their phase separation. These results suggest that unblending of transcriptional condensates may underlie human pathologies. We present a molecular classification of TF IDRs, which provides a framework to dissect TF function in diseases associated with transcriptional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaon Basu
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian D Mackowiak
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henri Niskanen
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dora Knezevic
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Asimi
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Grosswendt
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hylkje Geertsema
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Salaheddine Ali
- RG Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivana Jerković
- RG Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helge Ewers
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- RG Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel M Ibrahim
- RG Development and Disease, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denes Hnisz
- Department of Genome Regulation, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Yu S, Tang Q, Xie M, Zhou X, Long Y, Xie Y, Guo F, Chen L. Circadian BMAL1 regulates mandibular condyle development by hedgehog pathway. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12727. [PMID: 31747713 PMCID: PMC6985652 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification in mandibular condyle play crucial roles in maxillofacial morphogenesis and function. Circadian regulator brain and muscle arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) is proven to be essential for embryonic and postnatal development. The goal of this study was to define the functions of BMAL1 in the embryonic and postnatal growth of mandibular condylar cartilages (MCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Micro-CT, TUNEL staining and EdU assay were performed using BMAL1-deficient mice model, and in vitro experiments were performed using rat chondrocytes isolated from MCC. RNA sequencing in mandibular condyle tissues from Bmal1-/- mice and the age-matched wild-type mice was used for transcriptional profiling at different postnatal stages. RESULTS The expression levels of BMAL1 decrease gradually in MCC. BMAL1 is proved to regulate sequential chondrocyte differentiation, and its deficiency can result in the impairment of endochondral ossification of MCC. RNA sequencing reveals hedgehog signalling pathway is the potential target of BMAL1. BMAL1 regulates hedgehog signalling and affects its downstream cascades through directly binding to the promoters of Ptch1 and Ihh, modulating targets of hedgehog signalling which is indispensable for endochondral ossification. Importantly, the short stature phenotypes caused by BMAL1 deficiency can be rescued by hedgehog signalling activator. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results indicate that BMAL1 plays critical roles on chondrogenesis and endochondral ossification of MCC, giving a new insight on potential therapeutic strategies for facial dysmorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Yu
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanlin Long
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fengyuan Guo
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of StomatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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35
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Portal C, Rompolas P, Lwigale P, Iomini C. Primary cilia deficiency in neural crest cells models anterior segment dysgenesis in mouse. eLife 2019; 8:52423. [PMID: 31845891 PMCID: PMC6946567 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects affecting tissues of the anterior segment (AS) of the eye lead to a group of highly debilitating disorders called Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD). Despite the identification of some causative genes, the pathogenesis of ASD remains unclear. Interestingly, several ciliopathies display conditions of the AS. Using conditional targeting of Ift88 with Wnt1-Cre, we show that primary cilia of neural crest cells (NCC), precursors of most AS structures, are indispensable for normal AS development and their ablation leads to ASD conditions including abnormal corneal dimensions, defective iridocorneal angle, reduced anterior chamber volume and corneal neovascularization. Mechanistically, NCC cilia ablation abolishes hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the periocular mesenchyme (POM) canonically activated by choroid-secreted Indian Hh, reduces proliferation of POM cells surrounding the retinal pigment epithelium and decreases the expression of Foxc1 and Pitx2, two transcription factors identified as major ASD causative genes. Thus, we uncovered a signaling axis linking cilia and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Portal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Panteleimos Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Peter Lwigale
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - Carlo Iomini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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36
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Growth Plate Chondrocytes: Skeletal Development, Growth and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236009. [PMID: 31795305 PMCID: PMC6929081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth plate chondrocytes play central roles in the proper development and growth of endochondral bones. Particularly, a population of chondrocytes in the resting zone expressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is now recognized as skeletal stem cells, defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and clonally give rise to columnar chondrocytes in the postnatal growth plate. These chondrocytes also possess the ability to differentiate into a multitude of cell types including osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during skeletal development. Using single-cell transcriptomic approaches and in vivo lineage tracing technology, it is now possible to further elucidate their molecular properties and cellular fate changes. By discovering the fundamental molecular characteristics of these cells, it may be possible to harness their functional characteristics for skeletal growth and regeneration. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the molecular signatures defining growth plate chondrocytes.
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37
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Xiao J, Cao P, Wang C, Huang D, Lian M, Song Y, Yin W, Zheng K, Gu Z, Gu Y, Feng G, Feng X. The Forkhead Box C1, a Novel Negative Regulator of Osteogenesis, Plays a Crucial Role in Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:312-319. [PMID: 30277823 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) protein, a member of the forkhead/winged helix transcription factor family, is required in stem cell developmental processes. Recently, multiple studies have indicated the crucial role of Foxc1 in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, but the precise effects and mechanisms on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) remain unclear. In this study, we evaluate the role of Foxc1 on the odontogenic differentiation and proliferation of DPSCs. Our results show that Foxc1 decreases time dependently in odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Meanwhile, overexpression of Foxc1 could significantly inhibit the mineralization of DPSCs and the expression of odontogenic-related genes, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), dentin sialophosphoprote (DSPP), and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP-1). Foxc1 overexpression does not significantly alter the proliferation of DPSCs. In addition, Foxc1 reduces the expression of p-Smad1/5, an important modulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad signaling pathway, inhibiting BMP/Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that Foxc1 inhibits odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and odontogenic-related gene expression through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway which may be useful for the dental regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xiao
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Cao
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Lian
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Song
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Yin
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Nantong City , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- 3 Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Gu
- 4 Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Nantong University , Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- 1 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University , Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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38
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Shen H, Lu C, Shi J, Li H, Si J, Shen G. Satb2 expression in Foxc1-promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells is negatively regulated by microRNA-103-3p. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:588-597. [PMID: 31089719 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor C1 (Foxc1) is a cell-fate-determining factor that controls cranial bone development and osteogenic differentiation. Previously, it was demonstrated that various microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in osteogenesis and regulate the complex process of osteogenic differentiation. However, it remains unclear how miRNA expression changes during Foxc1-promoted osteogenic differentiation. In this study, we successfully overexpressed the Foxc1 gene in MC3T3-E1 cells and investigated the alterations in the miRNA expression profile on day 3 after osteogenic induction by using a miRNA microarray. Nine downregulated miRNAs and eight upregulated miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed. Among these miRNAs, miR-103-3p was consistently downregulated in the Foxc1-overexpressing MC3T3-E1 cells and was identified as a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation by using a gain- and lose-of-function assay. The special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (Satb2), a pivotal osteogenic transcription factor, was identified as the miR-103-3p targeting gene and was verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and luciferase assay. Overexpression of miR-103-3p markedly inhibited the expression of Satb2 and attenuated Foxc1-promoted osteogenic differentiation. Taken together, our results elucidated the miRNA expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 cells in the early stage of Foxc1-promoted osteogenic differentiation and suggested that miR-103-3p acts as a negative regulator of the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by directly targeting Satb2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhou Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenpei Lu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawen Si
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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39
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Yang L, Tang C, Chen Y, Ruan D, Zhang E, Yin Z, Chen X, Jiang Y, Cai Y, Fei Y, Zhu S, Liu H, Hu J, Heng BC, Chen W, Shen W, Ouyang H. Pharmacological Inhibition of Rac1 Activity Prevents Pathological Calcification and Enhances Tendon Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3511-3522. [PMID: 33405734 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tendinopathy is a common disease, which is characterized by pain, swelling, and dysfunction. At the late stage of tendinopathy, pathological changes may occur, such as tendon calcification. Previously, we have shown that in situ tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) underwent osteogenesis in the inflammatory niche in diseased tendons. In this study, we demonstrate that this process is accompanied by the activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) signaling. A specific inhibitor NSC23766 significantly downregulated catabolic factors and calcification-related genes and rescued the tenogenesis gene expression of TSPCs under the influence of Interleukin (IL)-1β in vitro. For in vivo evaluation, we further developed a drug delivery system to encapsulate Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel encapsulated NSC23766 effectively impeded tendon calcification and enhanced tendon regeneration in rat Achilles tendinosis. Our findings indicated that inhibiting Rac1 signaling could act as an effective intervention for tendon pathological calcification and promote tendon regeneration, thus providing a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqi Tang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangwu Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengfeng Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erchen Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yangzi Jiang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Sport Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouan Zhu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Ragni E, De Luca P, Perucca Orfei C, Colombini A, Viganò M, Lugano G, Bollati V, de Girolamo L. Insights into Inflammatory Priming of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Validation of Extracellular Vesicles-Embedded miRNA Reference Genes as A Crucial Step for Donor Selection. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040369. [PMID: 31018576 PMCID: PMC6523846 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising tools for cell-based therapies due to their homing to injury sites, where they secrete bioactive factors such as cytokines, lipids, and nucleic acids, either free or conveyed within extracellular vesicles (EVs). Depending on the local environment, MSCs’ therapeutic value may be modulated, determining their fate and cell behavior. Inflammatory signals may induce critical changes on both the phenotype and secretory portfolio. Intriguingly, in animal models resembling joint diseases as osteoarthritis (OA), inflammatory priming enhanced the healing capacity of MSC-derived EVs. In this work, we selected miRNA reference genes (RGs) from the literature (let-7a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-103a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-423-5p, miR-425-5p, U6 snRNA), using EVs isolated from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) primed with IFNγ (iASCs). geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt methods identified miR-26a-5p/16-5p as the most stable, while miR-103a-rp/425-5p performed poorly. Our results were validated on miRNAs involved in OA cartilage trophism. Only a proper normalization strategy reliably identified the differences between donors, a critical factor to empower the therapeutic value of future off-the-shelf MSC-EV isolates. In conclusion, the proposed pipeline increases the accuracy of MSC-EVs embedded miRNAs assessment, and help predicting donor variability for precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ragni
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Viganò
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gaia Lugano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bollati
- University of Milan, EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, I-20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura de Girolamo
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, I-20161 Milan, Italy.
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41
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Chen X, Wei H, Li J, Liang X, Dai S, Jiang L, Guo M, Qu L, Chen Z, Chen L, Chen Y. Structural basis for DNA recognition by FOXC2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3752-3764. [PMID: 30722065 PMCID: PMC6468292 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXC family of transcription factors (FOXC1 and FOXC2) plays essential roles in the regulation of embryonic, ocular, and cardiac development. Mutations and abnormal expression of FOXC proteins are implicated in genetic diseases as well as cancer. In this study, we determined two crystal structures of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of human FOXC2 protein, in complex with different DNA sites. The FOXC2-DBD adopts the winged-helix fold with helix H3 contributing to all the base specific contacts, while the N-terminus, wing 1, and the C-terminus of FOXC2-DBD all make additional contacts with the phosphate groups of DNA. Our structural, biochemical, and bioinformatics analyses allow us to revise the previously proposed DNA recognition mechanism and provide a model of DNA binding for the FOXC proteins. In addition, our structural analysis and accompanying biochemical assays provide a molecular basis for understanding disease-causing mutations in FOXC1 and FOXC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and College of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hudie Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyan Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Longying Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ming Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhuchu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yongheng Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics and Laboratory of Structural Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics and College of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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42
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Gilding LN, Somervaille TCP. The Diverse Consequences of FOXC1 Deregulation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E184. [PMID: 30764547 PMCID: PMC6406774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is a transcription factor with essential roles in mesenchymal lineage specification and organ development during normal embryogenesis. In keeping with these developmental properties, mutations that impair the activity of FOXC1 result in the heritable Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and other congenital disorders. Crucially, gain of FOXC1 function is emerging as a recurrent feature of malignancy; FOXC1 overexpression is now documented in more than 16 cancer types, often in association with an unfavorable prognosis. This review explores current evidence for FOXC1 deregulation in cancer and the putative mechanisms by which FOXC1 confers its oncogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Niall Gilding
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4JG, UK.
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4JG, UK.
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43
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Fan Z, Zheng J, Xue Y, Liu X, Wang D, Yang C, Ma J, Liu L, Ruan X, Wang Z, Liu Y. NR2C2-uORF targeting UCA1-miR-627-5p-NR2C2 feedback loop to regulate the malignant behaviors of glioma cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1165. [PMID: 30518750 PMCID: PMC6281640 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) in the biological behaviors of glioblastoma. Here, we elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of some ncRNAs and NR2C2-uORF on the biological behaviors of gliomas. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to profile the cell expression of lnc-UCA1 and microRNA-627-5p (miR-627-5p) in glioma tissues and cells. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression levels of NR2C2, SPOCK1, and NR2C2-uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Stable knockdown of lnc-UCA1 or overexpression of miR-627-5p in glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) were established to explore the function of lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p in glioma cells. Further, Dual luciferase report assay was used to investigate the correlation between lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p. Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assays, and flow cytometry were used to investigate lnc-UCA1 and miR-627-5p function including cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. ChIP assays were used to ascertain the correlations between NR2C2 and SPOCK1 as well as NR2C2 between lnc-UCA1. This study confirmed that lnc-UCA1 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cells. UCA1 knockdown inhibited the malignancies of glioma cells by reducing proliferation, migration, and invasion, but inducing apoptosis. We found that lnc-UCA1 acted as miR-627-5p sponge in a sequence-specific manner. Meanwhile, upregulated lnc-UCA1 inhibited miR-627-5p expression. In addition, miR-627-5p targeted 3'UTR of NR2C2 and down-regulated its expression. Moreover, UCA1 knockdown impaired NR2C2 expression by upregulating miR-627-5p. An uORF was identified in mRNA 5'UTR of NR2C2 and overexpression of whom negatively regulated NR2C2 expression. Remarkably, lnc-UCA1 knockdown combined with uORF overepression and NR2C2 knockdown led to severe tumor suppression in vivo. This study demonstrated that the NR2C2-uORF impaired the pivotal roles that UCA1-miR-627-5p-NR2C2 feedback loop had in regulating the malignancies of glioma cells by targeting NR2C2 directly. And this may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treating glioma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/mortality
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Open Reading Frames
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteoglycans/genetics
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics
- Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunqing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelei Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- Liaoning Clinical Medical Research Center in Nervous System Disease, 110004, Shenyang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuro-oncology in Liaoning Province, 110004, Shenyang, China.
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Poble PB, Phan C, Quatremare T, Bordenave J, Thuillet R, Cumont A, Huertas A, Tu L, Dorfmüller P, Humbert M, Ghigna MR, Savale L, Guignabert C. Therapeutic effect of pirfenidone in the sugen/hypoxia rat model of severe pulmonary hypertension. FASEB J 2018; 33:3670-3679. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801659r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul-Benoit Poble
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Carole Phan
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Timothée Quatremare
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Jennifer Bordenave
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Amélie Cumont
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Alice Huertas
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de PneumologieCentre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire SévèreDHU Thorax InnovationHôpital Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Peter Dorfmüller
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Pathology DepartmentHôpital Marie Lannelongue Le Plessis-Robinson France
| | - Marc Humbert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de PneumologieCentre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire SévèreDHU Thorax InnovationHôpital Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Pathology DepartmentHôpital Marie Lannelongue Le Plessis-Robinson France
| | - Laurent Savale
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisService de PneumologieCentre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire SévèreDHU Thorax InnovationHôpital Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Le Plessis-Robinson France
- Université, Paris-SudUniversité, Paris-Saclay Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France
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45
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Xia S, Qu J, Jia H, He W, Li J, Zhao L, Mao M, Zhao Y. Overexpression of Forkhead box C1 attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Life Sci 2018; 216:75-84. [PMID: 30428305 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease caused by cigarette smoke, which has been emerging as a serious health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to explore the mRNA expression profile of lung tissues from the COPD rats and to characterize the role of Forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) in COPD. MAIN METHODS Wistar rats were exposed to cigarette smoke during 16 weeks for COPD model establishment. The microarray was used to identify the differential gene expression in the lung of rats. Adenovirus carrying Foxc1 was administered to rats by intratracheally instillation once a week for 16 weeks. Human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) cells were transfected with Foxc1 siRNA followed by incubation in the presence of CSE (10%) for 24 h. Subsequently, the pathological changes, fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress were detected. KEY FINDINGS Microarray results showed an upregulation of Foxc1 in lung tissues in COPD rats. Overexpression of Foxc1 mitigated the lung injury, as evidenced by reducing alveolar fusion, inflammatory cell infiltration and oxidative stress. Additionally, the apoptosis was remarkably increased in the lung in rats exposed to cigarette smoke, which was suppressed by Foxc1 overexpression. Furthermore, downregulation of Foxc1 aggravated the inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in 16HBE cells with CSE treatment. SIGNIFICANCE Overexpression of Foxc1 could prevent oxidative stress, inflammation responses and cell apoptosis and knockdown of Foxc1 has the opposite effect, suggesting that Foxc1 may be available for lung protection during COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Qu
- Shenyang Environmental Monitor Central Station, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenyang Environmental Monitor Central Station, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, People's Republic of China
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Mya N, Furutera T, Okuhara S, Kume T, Takechi M, Iseki S. Transcription factor Foxc1 is involved in anterior part of cranial base formation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2018; 58:158-166. [PMID: 29322554 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cranial base is a structure mainly formed through endochondral ossification and integrated into the craniofacial complex, which acts as an underlying platform for the developing brain. Foxc1 is an indispensable regulator during intramembranous and endochondral ossification. In this study, we found that the spontaneous loss of Foxc1 function in a mouse (congenital hydrocephalous), Foxc1ch/ch , demonstrated the anterior cranial base defects, including unossified presphenoid and lack of middle part of the basisphenoid bone. Hypoplastic presphenoid primordial cartilage (basal portion of the trabecular cartilage [bTB]) and a lack of the middle part of basisphenoid primordial cartilage (the hypophyseal cartilage) were consistently observed at earlier developmental stage. Foxc1 was expressed robustly and ubiquitously in undifferentiated mesenchyme of the cranial base-forming area in E11.0 wild-type fetuses. Once chondrogenesis commenced, the expression was downregulated and later limited to the perichondrium. Detection of transcripts of Collagen type2 A1 (Col2a1) revealed that both bTB and the anterior part of the hypophyseal cartilage developing anterior to the persistent epithelial stalk of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland were suppressed in the Foxc1ch/ch . Proliferation activity of chondrocyte precursor cells was higher in the Foxc1ch/ch . Loss of Foxc1 function only in the neural crest cell lineage (Wnt1-cre;Foxc1ch/flox ) showed ossification of the posterior part of the hypophyseal cartilage derived from the mesoderm. These findings suggest that Foxc1 is an important regulator to further chondrogenesis and initiate the ossification of the presphenoid and basisphenoid bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandar Mya
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Furutera
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Okuhara
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Masaki Takechi
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Takahata Y, Nakamura E, Hata K, Wakabayashi M, Murakami T, Wakamori K, Yoshikawa H, Matsuda A, Fukui N, Nishimura R. Sox4 is involved in osteoarthritic cartilage deterioration through induction of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5. FASEB J 2018; 33:619-630. [PMID: 30016600 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800259r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common disease in joint cartilages. Because the molecular pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains elusive, early diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic agents have not been developed. To understand the molecular mechanisms, we attempted to identify transcription factors involved in the onset of osteoarthritis. Microarray analysis of mouse articular cartilage cells indicated that retinoic acid, a destructive stimulus in articular cartilage, up-regulated expression of sex-determining region Y-box (Sox)4, a SoxC family transcription factor, together with increases in Adamts4 and Adamts5, both of which are aggrecanases of articular cartilages. Overexpression of Sox4 induced a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 4 and 5 motif (ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, respectively) expression in chondrogenic cell lines C3H10T1/2 and SW1353. In addition, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that Sox4 up-regulated ADAMTS4 and Adamts5 gene promoter activities by binding to their gene promoters. Another SoxC family member, Sox11, evoked similar effects. To evaluate the roles of Sox4 and Sox11 in articular cartilage destruction, we performed organ culture experiments using mouse femoral head cartilages. Sox4 and Sox11 adenovirus infections caused destruction of articular cartilage associated with increased Adamts5 expression. Finally, SOX4 and SOX11 mRNA expression was increased in cartilage of patients with osteoarthritis compared with nonosteoarthritic subjects. Thus, Sox4, and presumably Sox11, are involved in osteoarthritis onset by up-regulating ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.-Takahata, Y., Nakamura, E., Hata, K., Wakabayashi, M., Murakami, T., Wakamori, K., Yoshikawa, H., Matsuda, A., Fukui, N., Nishimura, R. Sox4 is involved in osteoarthritic cartilage deterioration through induction of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Advanced Drug Discovery Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanta Wakamori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory for Advanced Drug Discovery Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Izunokuni, Japan
| | - Naoshi Fukui
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and.,Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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Kida J, Hata K, Nakamura E, Yagi H, Takahata Y, Murakami T, Maeda Y, Nishimura R. Interaction of LEF1 with TAZ is necessary for the osteoblastogenic activity of Wnt3a. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10375. [PMID: 29991769 PMCID: PMC6039525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signalling plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which canonical Wnt signalling exerts its osteoblastogenic effect remain elusive. Here, we investigated the relationship between lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), both of which are transcriptional regulators that mediate canonical Wnt signalling during osteoblast differentiation. Reporter assay and co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed functional and physical interaction between LEF1 and TAZ. Overexpression of dominant-negative forms of either LEF1 or TAZ markedly inhibited Wnt3a-dependent osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, we found that LEF1 and TAZ formed a transcriptional complex with runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and that inhibition of LEF1 or TAZ by their dominant-negative forms dramatically suppressed the osteoblastogenic activity of Ruxn2. Additionally, Wnt3a enhanced osteoblast differentiation induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), which stimulates osteoblast differentiation by regulating Runx2. Collectively, these findings suggest that interaction between LEF1 and TAZ is crucial for the osteoblastogenic activity of Wnt3a and that LEF1 and TAZ contribute to the cooperative effect of Wnt3a and BMP2 on osteoblast differentiation through association with Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Kida
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yagi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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49
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Xu P, Balczerski B, Ciozda A, Louie K, Oralova V, Huysseune A, Crump JG. Fox proteins are modular competency factors for facial cartilage and tooth specification. Development 2018; 145:dev.165498. [PMID: 29777011 DOI: 10.1242/dev.165498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Facial form depends on the precise positioning of cartilage, bone, and tooth fields in the embryonic pharyngeal arches. How complex signaling information is integrated to specify these cell types remains a mystery. We find that modular expression of Forkhead domain transcription factors (Fox proteins) in the zebrafish face arises through integration of Hh, Fgf, Bmp, Edn1 and Jagged-Notch pathways. Whereas loss of C-class Fox proteins results in reduced upper facial cartilages, loss of F-class Fox proteins results in distal jaw truncations and absent midline cartilages and teeth. We show that Fox proteins are required for Sox9a to promote chondrogenic gene expression. Fox proteins are sufficient in neural crest-derived cells for cartilage development, and neural crest-specific misexpression of Fox proteins expands the cartilage domain but inhibits bone. These results support a modular role for Fox proteins in establishing the competency of progenitors to form cartilage and teeth in the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Bartosz Balczerski
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amanda Ciozda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kristin Louie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Veronika Oralova
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Huysseune
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Nishimura R, Hata K, Nakamura E, Murakami T, Takahata Y. Transcriptional network systems in cartilage development and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:353-363. [PMID: 29308531 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of cartilage development by controlling the expression of chondrogenic genes. Genetic studies have revealed that Sox9/Sox5/Sox6, Runx2/Runx3 and Osterix in particular are essential for the sequential steps of cartilage development. Importantly, these transcription factors form network systems that are also required for appropriate cartilage development. Molecular cloning approaches have largely contributed to the identification of several transcriptional partners for Sox9 and Runx2 during cartilage development. Although the importance of a negative-feedback loop between Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in chondrocyte hypertrophy has been well established, recent studies indicate that several transcription factors interact with the Ihh-PTHrP loop and demonstrated that Ihh has multiple functions in the regulation of cartilage development. The most common cartilage disorder, osteoarthritis, has been reported to result from the pathological action of several transcription factors, including Runx2, C/EBPβ and HIF-2α. On the other hand, NFAT family members appear to play roles in the protection of cartilage from osteoarthritis. It is also becoming important to understand the homeostasis and regulation of articular chondrocytes, because they have different cellular and molecular features from chondrocytes of the growth plate. This review summarizes the regulation and roles of transcriptional network systems in cartilage development and their pathological roles in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eriko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murakami
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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