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Jia M, Zhao H, Morano NC, Lu H, Lui YM, Du H, Becker JE, Yuen KY, Ho DD, Kwong PD, Shapiro L, To KKW, Wu X. Human neutralizing antibodies target a conserved lateral patch on H7N9 hemagglutinin head. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4505. [PMID: 38802413 PMCID: PMC11130183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A virus H7N9 causes severe human infections with >30% fatality. Currently, there is no H7N9-specific prevention or treatment for humans. Here, from a 2013 H7N9 convalescent case in Hong Kong, we isolate four hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), with three directed to the globular head domain (HA1) and one to the stalk domain (HA2). Two clonally related HA1-directed mAbs, H7.HK1 and H7.HK2, potently neutralize H7N9 and protect female mice from lethal H7N9/AH1 challenge. Cryo-EM structures reveal that H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 bind to a β14-centered surface and disrupt the 220-loop that makes hydrophobic contacts with sialic acid on an adjacent protomer, thereby blocking viral entry. Sequence analysis indicates the lateral patch targeted by H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 to be conserved among influenza subtypes. Both H7.HK1 and H7.HK2 retain HA1 binding and neutralization capacity to later H7N9 isolates from 2016-2017, consistent with structural data showing that the antigenic mutations during this timeframe occur at their epitope peripheries. The HA2-directed mAb H7.HK4 lacks neutralizing activity but when used in combination with H7.HK2 moderately augments female mouse protection. Overall, our data reveal antibodies to a conserved lateral HA1 supersite that confer neutralization, and when combined with a HA2-directed non-neutralizing mAb, augment protection.
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Grants
- INV-016167 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
- W911NF-14-C-0001 U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)
- FNIH SHAP19IUFV Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)
- Donations from Richard Yu and Carol Yu, Shaw Foundation Hong Kong, Michael Seak-Kan Tong, The Hui Ming, Hui Hoy and Chow Sin Lan Charity Fund Limited, Chan Yin Chuen Memorial Charitable Foundation, Marina Man-Wai Lee, Jessie and George Ho Charitable Foundation, Kai Chong Tong, Tse Kam Ming Laurence, Foo Oi Foundation Limited, Betty Hing-Chu Lee, and Ping Cham So
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxue Jia
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Nicholas C Morano
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Hong Lu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Lui
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Haijuan Du
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jordan E Becker
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China
| | - David D Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518053, China.
| | - Xueling Wu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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De Meyer A, Meuleman P. Preclinical animal models to evaluate therapeutic antiviral antibodies. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105843. [PMID: 38548022 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species. Therefore, throughout the years researchers sought to find the ideal preclinical animal model for each virus. The most used animal models in preclinical research include rodents (mice, ferrets, …) and non-human primates (macaques, chimpanzee, ….). Currently, antibodies are tested for antiviral efficacy against a variety of viruses including different hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rabies virus. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the preclinical animal models that are used for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for the abovementioned viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amse De Meyer
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Laboratory of Liver Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Mustafa MI, Mohammed A. Developing recombinant antibodies by phage display technology to neutralize viral infectious diseases. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:100140. [PMID: 38182043 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of recombinant antibodies developed through phage display technology offers a promising approach for combating viral infectious diseases. By specifically targeting antigens on viral surfaces, these antibodies have the potential to reduce the severity of infections or even prevent them altogether. With the emergence of new and more virulent strains of viruses, it is crucial to develop innovative methods to counteract them. Phage display technology has proven successful in generating recombinant antibodies capable of targeting specific viral antigens, thereby providing a powerful tool to fight viral infections. In this mini-review article, we examine the development of these antibodies using phage display technology, and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities in developing novel treatments for viral infectious diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of phage display technology. As these methods continue to evolve and improve, novel and sophisticated tools based on phage display and peptide display systems are constantly emerging, offering exciting prospects for solving scientific, medical, and technological problems related to viral infectious diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujahed I Mustafa
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied and Industrial Sciences, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Omdurman Islamic university, Omdurman, Sudan
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4
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Antigenic Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Therapeutic Use against H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0143122. [PMID: 36541801 PMCID: PMC9888198 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01431-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2013, H7N9 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused more than 1,500 human infections and the culling of millions of poultry. Despite large-scale poultry vaccination, H7N9 AIVs continue to circulate among poultry in China and pose a threat to human health. Previously, we isolated and generated four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV. Here, we investigated the hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes of H7N9 AIV targeted by these mAbs (L3A-44, K9B-122, L4A-14, and L4B-18) using immune escape studies. Our results revealed four key antigenic epitopes at HA amino acid positions 125, 133, 149, and 217. The mutant H7N9 viruses representing escape mutations containing an alanine-to-threonine substitution at residue 125 (A125T), a glycine-to-glutamic acid substitution at residue 133 (G133E), an asparagine-to-aspartic acid substitution at residue 149 (N149D), or a leucine-to-glutamine substitution at residue 217 (L217Q) showed reduced or completely abolished cross-reactivity with the mAbs, as measured by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. We further assessed the potential risk of these mutants to humans should they emerge following mAb treatment by measuring the impact of these HA mutations on virus fitness and evasion of host adaptive immunity. Here, we showed that the L4A-14 mAb had broad neutralizing capabilities, and its escape mutant N149D had reduced viral stability and human receptor binding and could be neutralized by both postinfection and antigen-induced sera. Therefore, the L4A-14 mAb could be a therapeutic candidate for H7N9 AIV infection in humans and warrants further investigation for therapeutic applications. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N9 continues to circulate and evolve in birds, posing a credible threat to humans. Antiviral drugs have proven useful for the treatment of severe influenza infections in humans; however, concerns have been raised as antiviral-resistant mutants have emerged. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been studied for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications in infectious disease control and have demonstrated great potential. For example, mAb treatment has significantly reduced the risk of people developing severe disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition to the protection efficiency, we should also consider the potential risk of the escape mutants generated by mAb treatment to public health by assessing their viral fitness and potential to compromise host adaptive immunity. Considering these parameters, we assessed four human mAbs derived from humans naturally infected with H7N9 AIV and showed that the mAb L4A-14 displayed potential as a therapeutic candidate.
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A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against the hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus H7N9. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:799-805. [PMID: 35671181 PMCID: PMC9276153 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The new emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus, causing severe human infection with a mortality rate of around 41%. This study aims to provide a novel treatment option for the prevention and control of H7N9. Methods: H7 hemagglutinin (HA)-specific B cells were isolated from peripheral blood plasma cells of the patients previously infected by H7N9 in Jiangsu Province, China. The human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by amplification and cloning of these HA-specific B cells. First, all human mAbs were screened for binding activity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then, those mAbs, exhibiting potent affinity to recognize H7 HAs were further evaluated by hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) and microneutralization in vitro assays. Finally, the lead mAb candidate was selected and tested against the lethal challenge of the H7N9 virus using murine models. Results: The mAb 6-137 was able to recognize a panel of H7 HAs with high affinity but not HA of other subtypes, including H1N1 and H3N2. The mAb 6-137 can efficiently inhibit the HA activity in the inactivated H7N9 virus and neutralize 100 tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) of H7N9 virus (influenza A/Nanjing/1/2013) in vitro, with neutralizing activity as low as 78 ng/mL. In addition, the mAb 6-137 protected the mice against the lethal challenge of H7N9 prophylactically and therapeutically. Conclusion: The mAb 6-137 could be an effective antibody as a prophylactic or therapeutic biological treatment for the H7N9 exposure or infection.
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6
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Liu WJ, Xiao H, Dai L, Liu D, Chen J, Qi X, Bi Y, Shi Y, Gao GF, Liu Y. Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic. Front Med 2021; 15:507-527. [PMID: 33860875 PMCID: PMC8190734 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-020-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the H7N9 influenza epidemic occurred in China between March 2013 and September 2017. H7N9 with low-pathogenicity dominated in the first four waves, whereas highly pathogenic H7N9 influenza emerged in poultry and spread to humans during the fifth wave, causing wide concern. Specialists and officials from China and other countries responded quickly, controlled the epidemic well thus far, and characterized the virus by using new technologies and surveillance tools that were made possible by their preparedness efforts. Here, we review the characteristics of the H7N9 viruses that were identified while controlling the spread of the disease. It was summarized and discussed from the perspectives of molecular epidemiology, clinical features, virulence and pathogenesis, receptor binding, T-cell responses, monoclonal antibody development, vaccine development, and disease burden. These data provide tools for minimizing the future threat of H7N9 and other emerging and re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Haixia Xiao
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Lianpan Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Di Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- National Virus Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuhai Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Influenza Research and Early Warning, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - George F Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingxia Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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7
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Gaiotto T, Ramage W, Ball C, Risley P, Carnell GW, Temperton N, Engelhardt OG, Hufton SE. Nanobodies mapped to cross-reactive and divergent epitopes on A(H7N9) influenza hemagglutinin using yeast display. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3126. [PMID: 33542302 PMCID: PMC7862619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza H7N9 virus continues to cause infections in humans and represents a significant pandemic risk. During the most recent 5th epidemic wave in 2016/17 two distinct lineages with increased human infections and wider geographical spread emerged. In preparation for any future adaptations, broadly reactive antibodies against H7N9 are required for surveillance, therapy and prophylaxis. In this study we have isolated a panel of nanobodies (Nbs) with broad reactivity across H7 influenza strains, including H7N9 strains between 2013 and 2017. We also describe Nbs capable of distinguishing between the most recent high and low pathogenicity Yangtze River Delta lineage H7N9 strains. Nanobodies were classified into 5 distinct groups based on their epitope footprint determined using yeast display and mutational scanning. The epitope footprint of Nbs capable of distinguishing high pathogenic (HP) A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 from low pathogenic (LP) A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) were correlated to natural sequence divergence in the head domain at lysine 164. Several Nbs binding to the head domain were capable of viral neutralisation. The potency of one nanobody NB7-14 could be increased over 1000-fold to 113 pM by linking two Nbs together. Nbs specific for distinct epitopes on H7N9 may be useful for surveillance or therapy in human or veterinary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Gaiotto
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Walter Ramage
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Christina Ball
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Paul Risley
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - George W Carnell
- Infectious Diseases and Allergy Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.,Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Infectious Diseases and Allergy Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- Division of Virology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Simon E Hufton
- Biotherapeutics Division, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a Centre of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK.
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8
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Berti M, Cortez D, Lopes M. The plasticity of DNA replication forks in response to clinically relevant genotoxic stress. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:633-651. [PMID: 32612242 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Complete and accurate DNA replication requires the progression of replication forks through DNA damage, actively transcribed regions, structured DNA and compact chromatin. Recent studies have revealed a remarkable plasticity of the replication process in dealing with these obstacles, which includes modulation of replication origin firing, of the architecture of replication forks, and of the functional organization of the replication machinery in response to replication stress. However, these specialized mechanisms also expose cells to potentially dangerous transactions while replicating DNA. In this Review, we discuss how replication forks are actively stalled, remodelled, processed, protected and restarted in response to specific types of stress. We also discuss adaptations of the replication machinery and the role of chromatin modifications during these transactions. Finally, we discuss interesting recent data on the relevance of replication fork plasticity to human health, covering its role in tumorigenesis, its crosstalk with innate immunity responses and its potential as an effective cancer therapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Berti
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Cortez
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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9
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Li Y, Wang L, Si H, Yu Z, Tian S, Xiang R, Deng X, Liang R, Jiang S, Yu F. Influenza virus glycoprotein-reactive human monoclonal antibodies. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:263-271. [PMID: 32569735 PMCID: PMC7303604 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Influenza continues to be a significant public health challenge. Two glycoproteins on the surface of influenza virus, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, play a prominent role in the process of influenza virus infection and release. Monoclonal antibodies targeting glycoproteins can effectively prevent the spread of the virus. In this review, we summarized currently reported human monoclonal antibodies targeting glycoproteins of influenza A and B viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Research Center of Chinese Jujube, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Helong Si
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhengsen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shijun Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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10
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Chen C, Liu Z, Liu L, Wang J, Jin Q. Enhanced Potency of a Broad H7N9-Neutralizing Antibody HNIgGA6 Through Structure-Based Design. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1313. [PMID: 32636820 PMCID: PMC7316883 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
H7N9 influenza virus was first isolated in 2013 and has caused five epidemic waves among humans to date. Treatment opinions are currently limited. Previously, we characterized a human neutralizing antibody, HNIgGA6, by isolating rearranged heavy- and light-chain genes from convalescent patients. The mAb disrupts viral attachment to the cellular receptor by directly interposing into the receptor binding site (RBS) and broadly neutralizing divergent H7N9 strains. To increase the protective efficacy of HNIgGA6, we employed a structure-based design to enhance its binding affinity and neutralization potency. When the serine at position 28 on light-chain complementarity-determining region 1 (LCDR1) was substituted by a histidine, compared to HNIgGA6, the mutated antibody showed an approximately three-fold increase in HA-binding affinity and 10-fold enhancement in neutralization potency in vitro. Importantly, the S28H variant also exhibited broad H7N9-neutralizing activity. When administered to BALB/c mice, mAb S28H showed enhanced potency in inhibiting the pulmonary virus titre and reducing lung lesions and resulted in better protection of the animals than did the original antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Pushko P, Tretyakova I. Influenza Virus Like Particles (VLPs): Opportunities for H7N9 Vaccine Development. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050518. [PMID: 32397182 PMCID: PMC7291233 DOI: 10.3390/v12050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, influenza virus remains a major threat to public health due to its potential to cause epidemics and pandemics with significant human mortality. Cases of H7N9 human infections emerged in eastern China in 2013 and immediately raised pandemic concerns as historically, pandemics were caused by the introduction of new subtypes into immunologically naïve human populations. Highly pathogenic H7N9 cases with severe disease were reported recently, indicating the continuing public health threat and the need for a prophylactic vaccine. Here we review the development of recombinant influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) as vaccines against H7N9 virus. Several approaches to vaccine development are reviewed including the expression of VLPs in mammalian, plant and insect cell expression systems. Although considerable progress has been achieved, including demonstration of safety and immunogenicity of H7N9 VLPs in the human clinical trials, the remaining challenges need to be addressed. These challenges include improvements to the manufacturing processes, as well as enhancements to immunogenicity in order to elicit protective immunity to multiple variants and subtypes of influenza virus.
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12
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Lu RM, Hwang YC, Liu IJ, Lee CC, Tsai HZ, Li HJ, Wu HC. Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:1. [PMID: 31894001 PMCID: PMC6939334 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1028] [Impact Index Per Article: 257.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been more than three decades since the first monoclonal antibody was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in 1986, and during this time, antibody engineering has dramatically evolved. Current antibody drugs have increasingly fewer adverse effects due to their high specificity. As a result, therapeutic antibodies have become the predominant class of new drugs developed in recent years. Over the past five years, antibodies have become the best-selling drugs in the pharmaceutical market, and in 2018, eight of the top ten bestselling drugs worldwide were biologics. The global therapeutic monoclonal antibody market was valued at approximately US$115.2 billion in 2018 and is expected to generate revenue of $150 billion by the end of 2019 and $300 billion by 2025. Thus, the market for therapeutic antibody drugs has experienced explosive growth as new drugs have been approved for treating various human diseases, including many cancers, autoimmune, metabolic and infectious diseases. As of December 2019, 79 therapeutic mAbs have been approved by the US FDA, but there is still significant growth potential. This review summarizes the latest market trends and outlines the preeminent antibody engineering technologies used in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs, such as humanization of monoclonal antibodies, phage display, the human antibody mouse, single B cell antibody technology, and affinity maturation. Finally, future applications and perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Min Lu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chyi Hwang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Liu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chiu Lee
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Zen Tsai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,, 128 Academia Rd., Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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13
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Rapid isolation of a potent human antibody against H7N9 influenza virus from an infected patient. Antiviral Res 2019; 170:104564. [PMID: 31336147 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus A H7N9 remains a serious threat to public health due to the lack of effective vaccines and drugs. In this study, a neutralizing human antibody named 3L11 was rapidly isolated from the switched memory B cells of a patient infected with H7N9. The antibody 3L11 was encoded by the heavy-chain VH1-8 gene and the light-chain VL2-13 gene that had undergone somatic mutations, and conferred high affinity binding to H7N9 hemagglutinins (HAs). It promoted killing of infected cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Epitope mapping by mass spectroscopy (MS) indicated that 3L11 bound to the peptide 149-175 of HAs that contained the 150-loop of the receptor-binding site (RBS). Additionally, the 3L11 escape strains had G151R (Gly151→Arg151) and S152P (Ser152→Pro152) mutations within a conserved antigenic site A near the RBS that were not observed in field strains. Importantly, 3L11 fully protected mice against a lethal H7N9 virus challenge, in both pre- and postexposure administration regimens. Altogether, this work demonstrates the feasibility of rapid isolation of neutralizing H7N9 antibodies from infected patients and provides a potential prophylactic and therapeutic agent against H7N9 viruses.
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14
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Han L, Chen C, Han X, Lin S, Ao X, Han X, Wang J, Ye H. Structural Insights for Anti-Influenza Vaccine Design. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:475-483. [PMID: 31007873 PMCID: PMC6458449 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus are a persistent and significant threat to human health, and current vaccines do not provide sufficient protection due to antigenic drift, which allows influenza viruses to easily escape immune surveillance and antiviral drug activity. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a glycoprotein needed for the entry of enveloped influenza viruses into host cells and is a potential target for anti-influenza humoral immune responses. In recent years, a number of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) have been isolated, and their relative structural information obtained from the crystallization of influenza antigens in complex with bnAbs has provided some new insights into future influenza vaccine research. Here, we review the current knowledge of the HA-targeted bnAbs and the structure-based mechanisms contributing to neutralization. We also discuss the potential for this structure-based approach to overcome the challenge of obtaining a highly desired "universal" influenza vaccine, especially on small proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Han
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Cong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xianlin Han
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shujin Lin
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiulan Ao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hanhui Ye
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
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15
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Characterization of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies Against the HA of A(H7N9) Influenza Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020149. [PMID: 30754701 PMCID: PMC6410113 DOI: 10.3390/v11020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cases of human infection with the H7N9 virus have been detected in China since 2013. H7N9 viruses are maintained in chickens and are transmitted to humans at live bird markets. During circulation in birds, H7N9 viruses have accumulated amino acid substitutions in their hemagglutinin (HA), which resulted in an antigenically change in the recent H7N9 viruses. Here, we characterized 46 mouse monoclonal antibodies against the HA of the prototype strain. 16 H7-HA-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) possessed hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neutralization activities by recognizing the major antigenic site A; four other H7-HA-specific clones also showed HI and neutralizing activities via recognition of the major antigenic sites A and D; seven mAbs that reacted with several HA subtypes and possibly recognized the HA stem partially protected mice from lethal infection with prototype H7N9 virus; and the remaining 19 mAbs had neither HI nor neutralization activity. All human H7N9 viruses tested showed a similar neutralization sensitivity to the first group of 16 mAbs, whereas human H7N9 viruses isolated in 2016–2017 were not neutralized by a second group of 4 mAbs. These results suggest that amino acid substitutions at the epitope of the second mAb group appear to be involved in the antigenic drift of the H7N9 viruses. Further analysis is required to fully understand the antigenic change in H7N9 viruses.
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16
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Liu Y, Tan HX, Koutsakos M, Jegaskanda S, Esterbauer R, Tilmanis D, Aban M, Kedzierska K, Hurt AC, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK. Cross-lineage protection by human antibodies binding the influenza B hemagglutinin. Nat Commun 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 30659197 PMCID: PMC6338745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) drive a significant proportion of influenza-related hospitalisations yet are understudied compared to influenza A. Current vaccines target the head of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) which undergoes rapid mutation, significantly reducing vaccine effectiveness. Improved vaccines to control IBV are needed. Here we developed novel IBV HA probes to interrogate humoral responses to IBV in humans. A significant proportion of IBV HA-specific B cells recognise both B/Victoria/2/87-like and B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineages in a distinct pattern of cross-reactivity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were reconstituted from IBV HA-specific B cells, including mAbs providing broad protection in murine models of lethal IBV infection. Protection was mediated by neutralising antibodies targeting the receptor binding domain, or via Fc-mediated functions of non-neutralising antibodies binding alternative epitopes including the IBV HA stem. This work defines antigenic cross-recognition between IBV lineages and provides guidance for the rational design of improved IBV vaccines for broad and durable protection. Immune recognition of Influenza B virus (IBV) is poorly understood. Here, Liu et al. use flow cytometry to characterize IBV-specific memory B cell responses following seasonal vaccination and show that elicited cross-reactive antibodies can protect against infection, providing a platform for vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Danielle Tilmanis
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Malet Aban
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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17
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Chen C, Liu Z, Liu L, Xiao Y, Wang J, Jin Q. Broad neutralizing activity of a human monoclonal antibody against H7N9 strains from 2013 to 2017. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:179. [PMID: 30425238 PMCID: PMC6234208 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
H7N9 influenza virus has been circulating among humans for five epidemic waves since it was first isolated in 2013 in China. The recent increase in H7N9 infections during the fifth outbreak in China has caused concerns of a possible pandemic. In this study, we describe a previously characterized human monoclonal antibody, HNIgGA6, obtained by isolating rearranged heavy-chain and light-chain genes from patients who had recovered from H7N9 infections. HNIgGA6 recognized multiple HAs and neutralized the infectivity of 11 out of the 12 H7N9 strains tested, as well as three emerging HPAI H7N9 isolates. The only resistant strain was A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9-SH1), which carries the avian receptor alleles 186V and 226Q in the sialic acid-binding pocket. The mAb broadly neutralized divergent H7N9 strains from 2013 to 2017 and represents a potential alternative treatment for H7N9 interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliang Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Yasuhara A, Yamayoshi S, Ito M, Kiso M, Yamada S, Kawaoka Y. Isolation and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies That Recognize the Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Hemagglutinin Receptor-Binding Site and Rarely Yield Escape Mutant Viruses. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2660. [PMID: 30443246 PMCID: PMC6222141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus rapidly mutates to escape from antibodies. Here, we isolated and characterized three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Generation of escape mutant viruses suggested that these antibodies recognized conserved residues of the receptor-binding site (RBS) of hemagglutinin (HA) and that mutant viruses that escaped from these mAbs rarely appeared. Moreover, the escape mutant viruses grew significantly slower than wild-type virus, indicating their reduced fitness. These results indicate that these three human mAbs against the RBS of HA have the potential to be anti-influenza agents with a low propensity for the development of resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Yasuhara
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Ito
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,ERATO Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
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19
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Development of in vitro and in vivo neutralization assays based on the pseudotyped H7N9 virus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8484. [PMID: 29855533 PMCID: PMC5981435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
H7N9 viral infections pose a great threat to both animal and human health. This avian virus cannot be handled in level 2 biocontainment laboratories, substantially hindering evaluation of prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic agents. Here, we report a high-titer pseudoviral system with a bioluminescent reporter gene, enabling us to visually and quantitatively conduct analyses of virus replications in both tissue cultures and animals. For evaluation of immunogenicity of H7N9 vaccines, we developed an in vitro assay for neutralizing antibody measurement based on the pseudoviral system; results generated by the in vitro assay were found to be strongly correlated with those by either hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or micro-neutralization (MN) assay. Furthermore, we injected the viruses into Balb/c mice and observed dynamic distributions of the viruses in the animals, which provides an ideal imaging model for quantitative analyses of prophylactic and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Taken together, the pseudoviral systems reported here could be of great value for both in vitro and in vivo evaluations of vaccines and antiviral agents without the need of wild type H7N9 virus.
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20
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Chen C, Liu L, Xiao Y, Cui S, Wang J, Jin Q. Structural Insight into a Human Neutralizing Antibody against Influenza Virus H7N9. J Virol 2018; 92:e01850-17. [PMID: 29212936 PMCID: PMC5809732 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01850-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first emergence in East China in early 2013, many cases of avian influenza A H7N9 have been reported. The disease has extended to 22 provinces in mainland China and some surrounding areas. Strategies to combat viral infection are urgently needed. We previously isolated a human monoclonal antibody, HNIgGA6, that neutralized the H7N9 virus both in vitro and in vivo In this study, we determined the crystal structure of viral hemagglutinin (HA) globular head bound to the fragment antigen-binding region (Fab) of HNIgGA6. The crystal structure shows that the tip of the HNIgGA6 heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3) directly interposes into the receptor binding site (RBS) and mimics, in many respects, the interaction of the sialic acid receptor. Three residues at Y98, H183, and E190, which are critical to human cellular receptor binding, are also essential for HNIgGA6 recognition. Meanwhile, dual mutations at V186G and L226Q in RBS were able to disrupt viral HA1 binding with the antibody. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanism for protective antibody recognition and a sound foundation for the design of therapeutic drugs and vaccines against H7N9 influenza.IMPORTANCE Neutralization by antibody is one of the most important mechanisms for a host to defend against viral infections. Human-originated antibody HNIgGA6 was generated in response to the natural infectious H7N9 virus and showed potential for use in suppression of H7N9 infection, with possible therapeutic implications. The crystal structure of the HNIgGA6/HA1 complex provided new insight into the protective immune response to H7N9 virus in humans, as well as possibilities for the development of effective H7N9 pandemic vaccines and antiviral molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antiviral Agents
- Binding Sites
- China
- Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry
- Complementarity Determining Regions/immunology
- Crystallization
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Liu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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A Potent Germline-like Human Monoclonal Antibody Targets a pH-Sensitive Epitope on H7N9 Influenza Hemagglutinin. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:471-483.e5. [PMID: 28966056 PMCID: PMC6290738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The H7N9 influenza virus causes high-mortality disease in humans but no effective therapeutics are available. Here we report a human monoclonal antibody, m826, that binds to H7 hemagglutinin (HA) and protects against H7N9 infection. m826 binds to H7N9 HA with subnanomolar affinity at acidic pH and 10-fold lower affinity at neutral pH. The high-resolution (1.9 Å) crystal structure of m826 complexed with H7N9 HA indicates that m826 binds an epitope that may be fully exposed upon pH-induced conformational changes in HA. m826 fully protects mice against lethal challenge with H7N9 virus through mechanisms likely involving antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Interestingly, immunogenetic analysis indicates that m826 is a germline antibody, and m826-like sequences can be identified in H7N9-infected patients, healthy adults, and newborn babies. These m826 properties offer a template for H7N9 vaccine immunogens, a promising candidate therapeutic, and a tool for exploring mechanisms of virus infection inhibition by antibodies.
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22
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Chen Z, Bao L, Chen C, Zou T, Xue Y, Li F, Lv Q, Gu S, Gao X, Cui S, Wang J, Qin C, Jin Q. Human Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Inhibition of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in the Common Marmoset. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1807-1815. [PMID: 28472421 PMCID: PMC7107363 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans is highly lethal, with a fatality rate of 35%. New prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to combat human infections are urgently needed. We isolated a fully human neutralizing antibody, MCA1, from a human survivor. The antibody recognizes the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV S glycoprotein and interferes with the interaction between viral S and the human cellular receptor human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody that completely inhibits MERS-CoV replication in common marmosets. Monotherapy with MCA1 represents a potential alternative treatment for human infections with MERS-CoV worthy of evaluation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Linlin Bao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Cong Chen
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Tingting Zou
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan
| | - Ying Xue
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Fengdi Li
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Songzhi Gu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Xiaopan Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Sheng Cui
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jianmin Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Danqi B, Li Z, Liu Q, Richt JA. H7N9 avian influenza A virus in China: a short report on its circulation, drug resistant mutants and novel antiviral drugs. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:723-727. [PMID: 28692316 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1353419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first human H7N9 avian influenza virus case was reported in Shanghai in 2013. Shortly thereafter, this virus spread to other regions in China. Molecular analysis indicated that the H7N9 virus is a reassortant virus containing internal genes from the H9N2 virus and previously described mammalian adaption markers, which could allow the virus to adapt efficiently to a mammalian host. Fortunately, there is no evidence of sustained person-to-person spread. Most of the human H7N9 cases have a history of exposure to live poultry markets (LPMs). The circulating H7N9 were low pathogenic viruses, however highly pathogenic H7N9 viruses were recently identified in human cases. Areas covered: In the present article, the circulation of H7N9 in LPMs of China, the five waves of H7N9 infection in humans, recently identified drug resistant mutants and potential antiviral drugs against H7N9 are discussed; this may provide further understanding of the evolution and pandemic potential of the H7N9 influenza viruses. Expert commentary: All the data reveal that the major source of H7N9 viruses are LPMs and the H7N9 virus is still circulating widely in China. It is concerning that the recent emergence of highly pathogenic H7N9 viruses may result in highly transmissible viruses in mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Danqi
- a Department of Avian Diseases , Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , People's Republic of China.,b College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University , Hohhot , People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Li
- a Department of Avian Diseases , Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinfang Liu
- a Department of Avian Diseases , Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Juergen A Richt
- c Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology , College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University , Manhattan , KS , USA
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24
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Kamal MA, Smith PF, Chaiyakunapruk N, Wu DBC, Pratoomsoot C, Lee KKC, Chong HY, Nelson RE, Nieforth K, Dall G, Toovey S, Kong DCM, Kamauu A, Kirkpatrick CM, Rayner CR. Interdisciplinary pharmacometrics linking oseltamivir pharmacology, influenza epidemiology and health economics to inform antiviral use in pandemics. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1580-1594. [PMID: 28176362 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A modular interdisciplinary platform was developed to investigate the economic impact of oseltamivir treatment by dosage regimen under simulated influenza pandemic scenarios. METHODS The pharmacology module consisted of a pharmacokinetic distribution of oseltamivir carboxylate daily area under the concentration-time curve at steady state (simulated for 75 mg and 150 mg twice daily regimens for 5 days) and a pharmacodynamic distribution of viral shedding duration obtained from phase II influenza inoculation data. The epidemiological module comprised a susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model to which drug effect on the basic reproductive number (R0 ), a measure of transmissibility, was linked by reduction of viral shedding duration. The number of infected patients per population of 100 000 susceptible individuals was simulated for a series of pandemic scenarios, varying oseltamivir dose, R0 (1.9 vs. 2.7), and drug uptake (25%, 50%, and 80%). The number of infected patients for each scenario was entered into the health economics module, a decision analytic model populated with branch probabilities, disease utility, costs of hospitalized patients developing complications, and case-fatality rates. Change in quality-adjusted life years was determined relative to base case. RESULTS Oseltamivir 75 mg relative to no treatment reduced the median number of infected patients, increased change in quality-adjusted life years by deaths averted, and was cost-saving under all scenarios; 150 mg relative to 75 mg was not cost effective in low transmissibility scenarios but was cost saving in high transmissibility scenarios. CONCLUSION This methodological study demonstrates proof of concept that the disciplines of pharmacology, disease epidemiology and health economics can be linked in a single quantitative framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Kamal
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA.,Roche Innovation Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick F Smith
- d3 Medicine LLC - a Certara Company, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - David B C Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kenneth K C Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Huey Yi Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Keith Nieforth
- d3 Medicine LLC - a Certara Company, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
| | - Georgina Dall
- d3 Medicine LLC - a Certara Company, Parsippany, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - David C M Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Craig R Rayner
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Thailand
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25
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Lim EK, Guk K, Kim H, Chung BH, Jung J. Simple, rapid detection of influenza A (H1N1) viruses using a highly sensitive peptide-based molecular beacon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:175-8. [PMID: 26509476 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A peptide-based molecular beacon (PEP-MB) was prepared for the simple, rapid, and specific detection of H1N1 viruses using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. The PEP-MB exhibited minimal fluorescence in its "closed" hairpin structure. However, in the presence of H1N1 viruses, the specific recognition of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H1 strains by the PEP-MB causes the beacon to assume an "open" structure that emits strong fluorescence. The PEP-MB could detect H1N1 viruses within 15 min or even 5 min and can exhibit strong fluorescence even at low viral concentrations, with a detection limit of 4 copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghye Guk
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and Nanobiotechnology Major, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Chung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wilson JR, Guo Z, Reber A, Kamal RP, Music N, Gansebom S, Bai Y, Levine M, Carney P, Tzeng WP, Stevens J, York IA. An influenza A virus (H7N9) anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic activity in vivo. Antiviral Res 2016; 135:48-55. [PMID: 27713074 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic A(H7N9) avian influenza viruses emerged in China in 2013 and continue to be a threat to human public health, having infected over 800 individuals with a mortality rate approaching 40%. Treatment options for people infected with A(H7N9) include the use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors. However, like other influenza viruses, A(H7N9) can become resistant to these drugs. The use of monoclonal antibodies is a rapidly developing strategy for controlling influenza virus infection. Here we generated a murine monoclonal antibody (3c10-3) directed against the NA of A(H7N9) and show that prophylactic systemic administration of 3c10-3 fully protected mice from lethal challenge with wild-type A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9). Further, post-infection treatment with a single systemic dose of 3c10-3 at either 24, 48 or 72 h post A(H7N9) challenge resulted in both dose- and time-dependent protection of up to 100% of mice, demonstrating therapeutic potential for 3c10-3. Epitope mapping revealed that 3c10-3 binds near the enzyme active site of NA, and functional characterization showed that 3c10-3 inhibits the enzyme activity of NA and restricts the cell-to-cell spread of the virus in cultured cells. Affinity analysis also revealed that 3c10-3 binds equally well to recombinant NA of wild-type A/Anhui/1/2013 and to a variant NA carrying a R289K mutation known to infer NAI resistance. These results suggest that 3c10-3 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic to treat A(H7N9) infections either as an alternative to, or in combination with, current NA antiviral inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Carter Consulting, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhu Guo
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adrian Reber
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ram P Kamal
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nedzad Music
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Battelle Memorial Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shane Gansebom
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Carter Consulting, Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min Levine
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Carney
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Pin Tzeng
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James Stevens
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ian A York
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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27
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Hou D, Ying T, Wang L, Chen C, Lu S, Wang Q, Seeley E, Xu J, Xi X, Li T, Liu J, Tang X, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Bai C, Wang C, Byrne-Steele M, Qu J, Han J, Song Y. Immune Repertoire Diversity Correlated with Mortality in Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infected Patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33843. [PMID: 27669665 PMCID: PMC5037391 DOI: 10.1038/srep33843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific changes in immune repertoires at genetic level responding to the lethal H7N9 virus are still poorly understood. We performed deep sequencing on the T and B cells from patients recently infected with H7N9 to explore the correlation between clinical outcomes and immune repertoire alterations. T and B cell repertoires display highly dynamic yet distinct clonotype alterations. During infection, T cell beta chain repertoire continues to contract while the diversity of immunoglobulin heavy chain repertoire recovers. Patient recovery is correlated to the diversity of T cell and B cell repertoires in different ways – higher B cell diversity and lower T cell diversity are found in survivors. The sequences clonally related to known antibodies with binding affinity to H7 hemagglutinin could be identified from survivors. These findings suggest that utilizing deep sequencing may improve prognostication during influenza infection and could help in development of antibody discovery methodologies for the treatment of virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongni Hou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuihua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Eric Seeley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiuhong Xi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinjun Tang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Alabama, AL35806, USA
| | | | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Han
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Alabama, AL35806, USA
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Qingpu Branch, Shanghai, 200032, China
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28
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Thornburg NJ, Zhang H, Bangaru S, Sapparapu G, Kose N, Lampley RM, Bombardi RG, Yu Y, Graham S, Branchizio A, Yoder SM, Rock MT, Creech CB, Edwards KM, Lee D, Li S, Wilson IA, García-Sastre A, Albrecht RA, Crowe JE. H7N9 influenza virus neutralizing antibodies that possess few somatic mutations. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1482-94. [PMID: 26950424 PMCID: PMC4811156 DOI: 10.1172/jci85317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian H7N9 influenza viruses are group 2 influenza A viruses that have been identified as the etiologic agent for a current major outbreak that began in China in 2013 and may pose a pandemic threat. Here, we examined the human H7-reactive antibody response in 75 recipients of a monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/02/2013 H7N9 vaccine. After 2 doses of vaccine, the majority of donors had memory B cells that secreted IgGs specific for H7 HA, with dominant responses against single HA subtypes, although frequencies of H7-reactive B cells ranged widely between donors. We isolated 12 naturally occurring mAbs with low half-maximal effective concentrations for binding, 5 of which possessed neutralizing and HA-inhibiting activities. The 5 neutralizing mAbs exhibited narrow breadth of reactivity with influenza H7 strains. Epitope-mapping studies using neutralization escape mutant analysis, deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography revealed that these neutralizing mAbs bind near the receptor-binding pocket on HA. All 5 neutralizing mAbs possessed low numbers of somatic mutations, suggesting the clones arose from naive B cells. The most potent mAb, H7.167, was tested as a prophylactic treatment in a mouse intranasal virus challenge study, and systemic administration of the mAb markedly reduced viral lung titers.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Binding Sites, Antibody/immunology
- Epitope Mapping
- Epitopes/genetics
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Thornburg
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Gopal Sapparapu
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra M. Yoder
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael T. Rock
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - C. Buddy Creech
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Edwards
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy A. Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and
| | - James E. Crowe
- The Vanderbilt Vaccine Center and
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and
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29
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The Hemagglutinin Stem-Binding Monoclonal Antibody VIS410 Controls Influenza Virus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2118-31. [PMID: 26787699 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02457-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cases of severe influenza are associated with pulmonary complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and no antiviral drugs of proven value for treating such complications are currently available. The use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the stem of the influenza virus surface hemagglutinin (HA) is a rapidly developing strategy for the control of viruses of multiple HA subtypes. However, the mechanisms of action of these antibodies are not fully understood, and their ability to mitigate severe complications of influenza has been poorly studied. We evaluated the effect of treatment with VIS410, a human monoclonal antibody targeting the HA stem region, on the development of ARDS in BALB/c mice after infection with influenza A(H7N9) viruses. Prophylactic administration of VIS410 resulted in the complete protection of mice against lethal A(H7N9) virus challenge. A single therapeutic dose of VIS410 given 24 h after virus inoculation resulted in dose-dependent protection of up to 100% of mice inoculated with neuraminidase inhibitor-susceptible or -resistant A(H7N9) viruses. Compared to the outcomes in mock-treated controls, a single administration of VIS410 improved viral clearance from the lungs, reduced virus spread in lungs in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a lower lung injury score, reduced the extent of the alteration in lung vascular permeability and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and improved lung physiologic function. Thus, antibodies targeting the HA stem can reduce the severity of ARDS and show promise as agents for controlling pulmonary complications in influenza.
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30
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Cong Y, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Hu L, Gu J. Quantitative MS analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their glycosylation for pharmacokinetics study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:303-14. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cong
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Shen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry; National Chromatographic R&A Center; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University; Changchun China
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31
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Li X, Pushko P, Tretyakova I. Recombinant Hemagglutinin and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines for H7N9 Influenza Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 6. [PMID: 26523241 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cases of H7N9 human infection were caused by a novel, avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus that emerged in eastern China in 2013. Clusters of human disease were identified in many cities in China, with mortality rates approaching 30%. Pandemic concerns were raised, as historically, influenza pandemics were caused by introduction of novel influenza A viruses into immunologically naïve human population. Currently, there are no approved human vaccines for H7N9 viruses. Recombinant protein vaccine approaches have advantages in safety and manufacturing. In this review, we focused on evaluation of the expression of recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) proteins as candidate vaccines for H7N9 influenza, with the emphasis on the role of oligomeric and particulate structures in immunogenicity and protection. Challenges in preparation of broadly protective influenza vaccines are discussed, and examples of broadly protective vaccines are presented including rHA stem epitope vaccines, as well as recently introduced experimental multi-HA VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, PR China 200240 ; Genor Biopharma Co., Ltd. 1690 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, PR China 201203
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
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32
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Characterization of Two Human Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Influenza A H7N9 Viruses. J Virol 2015; 89:9115-8. [PMID: 26063436 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01295-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
H7N9 was a cause of significant global health concern due to its severe infection and approximately 35% mortality in humans. By screening a Fab antibody phage library derived from patients who recovered from H7N9 infections, we characterized two human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs), HNIgGD5 and HNIgGH8. The epitope of these two antibodies was dependent on two residues in the receptor binding site at positions V186 and L226 of the hemagglutinin glycoprotein. Both antibodies possessed high neutralizing activity.
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