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Melbourne LA, Goodkin NF. Using Museum collections to assess the impact of industrialization on mussel (Mytilus edulis) calcification. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301874. [PMID: 38630684 PMCID: PMC11023280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mytilus edulis is a commercially and ecologically important species found along the east coast of the United States. Ecologically, M. edulis improves water quality through filtration feeding and provides habitat formation and coastal protection through reef formation. Like many marine calcifiers, ocean warming, and acidification are a growing threat to these organisms-impacting their morphology and function. Museum collections are useful in assessing long-term environmental impacts on organisms in a natural multi-stressor environment, where acclimation and adaptation can be considered. Using the American Museum of Natural History collections ranging from the early 1900s until now, we show that shell porosity changes through time. Shells collected today are significantly more porous than shells collected in the 1960s and, at some sites, than shells collected from the early 1900s. The disparity between porosity changes matches well with the warming that occurred over the last 130 years in the north Atlantic suggesting that warming is causing porosity changes. However, more work is required to discern local environmental impacts and to fully identify porosity drivers. Since, porosity is known to affect structural integrity, porosity increasing through time could have negative consequences for mussel reef structural integrity and hence habitat formation and storm defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne A. Melbourne
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathalie F. Goodkin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
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2
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Titelboim D, Rothwell NJ, Lord OT, Harniman RL, Melbourne LA, Schmidt DN. Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231280. [PMID: 38601028 PMCID: PMC11004679 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to negatively impact calcification and change the structural integrity of biogenic carbonates, influencing their protective function. We assess the impacts of warming on the morphology and crystallography of Amphistegina lobifera, an abundant benthic foraminifera species in shallow environments. Specimens from a thermally disturbed field area, mimicking future warming, are about 50% smaller compared with a control location. Differences in the position of the ν1 Raman mode of shells between the sites, which serves as a proxy for Mg content and calcification temperature, indicate that calcification is negatively impacted when temperatures are below the thermal range facilitating calcification. To test the impact of thermal stress on the Young's modulus of calcite which contributes to structural integrity, we quantify elasticity changes in large benthic foraminifera by applying atomic force microscopy to a different genus, Operculina ammonoides, cultured under optimal and high temperatures. Building on these observations of size and the sensitivity analysis for temperature-induced change in elasticity, we used finite element analysis to show that structural integrity is increased with reduced size and is largely insensitive to calcite elasticity. Our results indicate that warming-induced dwarfism creates shells that are more resistant to fracture because they are smaller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Titelboim
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Oliver T. Lord
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Leanne A. Melbourne
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Canesi M, Douville É, Bordier L, Dapoigny A, Coulibaly GE, Montagna P, Béraud É, Allemand D, Planes S, Furla P, Gilson E, Roberty S, Zoccola D, Reynaud S. Porites' coral calcifying fluid chemistry regulation under normal- and low-pH seawater conditions in Palau Archipelago: Impacts on growth properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168552. [PMID: 38007109 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing ocean acidification is known to be a major threat to tropical coral reefs. To date, only few studies have evaluated the impacts of natural long-term exposure to low-pH seawater on the chemical regulation and growth of reef-building corals. This work investigated the different responses of the massive Porites coral living at normal (pHsw ~ 8.03) and naturally low-pH (pHsw ~ 7.85) seawater conditions at Palau over the last decades. Our results show that both Porites colonies maintained similar carbonate properties (pHcf, [CO32-]cf, DICcf, and Ωcf) within their calcifying fluid since 1972. However, the Porites skeleton of the more acidified conditions revealed a significantly lower density (~ 1.21 ± 0.09 g·cm-3) than the skeleton from the open-ocean site (~ 1.41 ± 0.07 g·cm-3). Overall, both Porites colonies exerted a strong biological control to maintain stable calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry that favored the calcification process, especially under low-pH conditions. However, the decline in skeletal density observed at low pH provides critical insights into Porites vulnerability to future global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Canesi
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 911 91 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco.
| | - Éric Douville
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 911 91 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louise Bordier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 911 91 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Dapoigny
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 911 91 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gninwoyo Eric Coulibaly
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 911 91 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Paolo Montagna
- Istituto di Scienze Polari (ISP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center S.c.a.r.l., Piazza Marina 61, Palermo, Italy
| | - Éric Béraud
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Denis Allemand
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Serge Planes
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 66100 Perpignan, France
| | - Paola Furla
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Fédératif de Recherche - Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Institut Fédératif de Recherche - Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Nice, France; Department of Medical Genetics, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Stephane Roberty
- InBioS - Animal Physiology and Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Ecology & Evolution, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Zoccola
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco, Monaco; LIA ROPSE, Laboratoire International Associé Université Côte d'Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
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4
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Sani T, Prada F, Radi G, Caroselli E, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Ocean warming and acidification detrimentally affect coral tissue regeneration at a Mediterranean CO 2 vent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167789. [PMID: 37838040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the main phenomena that are causing significant changes in ocean waters are warming and acidification, largely due to anthropogenic activities. Growing evidence suggests that climate change is having more substantial and rapid effects on marine communities than on terrestrial ones, triggering several physiological responses in these organisms, including in corals. Here we investigated, for first time in the field, the combined effect of increasing seawater acidification and warming on tissue regeneration rate of three Mediterranean scleractinian coral species characterized by different trophic strategies and growth modes. Balanophyllia europaea (solitary, zooxanthellate), Leptopsammia pruvoti (solitary, non-zooxanthellate) and Astroides calycularis (colonial, non-zooxanthellate) specimens were transplanted, during a cold, intermediate, and warm period, along a natural pH gradient generated by an underwater volcanic crater at Panarea Island (Mediterranean Sea, Italy), characterized by continuous and localized CO2 emissions at ambient temperature. Our results show a decrease in regenerative capacity, especially in the zooxanthellate species, with increasing seawater temperature and acidification, with demonstrated species-specific differences. This finding suggests that increasing seawater temperature and acidification could have a compounding effect on coral regeneration following injury, potentially hindering the capacity of corals to recover following physical disturbance under predicted climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sani
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Giulia Radi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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5
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Scucchia F, Zaslansky P, Boote C, Doheny A, Mass T, Camp EF. The role and risks of selective adaptation in extreme coral habitats. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4475. [PMID: 37507378 PMCID: PMC10382478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming rate of climate change demands new management strategies to protect coral reefs. Environments such as mangrove lagoons, characterized by extreme variations in multiple abiotic factors, are viewed as potential sources of stress-tolerant corals for strategies such as assisted evolution and coral propagation. However, biological trade-offs for adaptation to such extremes are poorly known. Here, we investigate the reef-building coral Porites lutea thriving in both mangrove and reef sites and show that stress-tolerance comes with compromises in genetic and energetic mechanisms and skeletal characteristics. We observe reduced genetic diversity and gene expression variability in mangrove corals, a disadvantage under future harsher selective pressure. We find reduced density, thickness and higher porosity in coral skeletons from mangroves, symptoms of metabolic energy redirection to stress response functions. These findings demonstrate the need for caution when utilizing stress-tolerant corals in human interventions, as current survival in extremes may compromise future competitive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scucchia
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H, Charney school of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chloë Boote
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Annabelle Doheny
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H, Charney school of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emma F Camp
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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6
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Kramer N, Tamir R, Galindo-Martínez CT, Wangpraseurt D, Loya Y. Light pollution alters the skeletal morphology of coral juveniles and impairs their light capture capacity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115212. [PMID: 37385181 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization and infrastructure development have changed the night-time light regime of many coastal marine habitats. Consequently, Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) is becoming a global ecological concern, particularly in nearshore coral reef ecosystems. However, the effects of ALAN on coral architecture and their optical properties are unexplored. Here, we conducted a long-term ex situ experiment (30 months from settlement) on juvenile Stylophora pistillata corals grown under ALAN conditions using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and fluorescent lamps, mimicking light-polluted habitats. We found that corals exposed to ALAN exhibited altered skeletal morphology that subsequently resulted in reduced light capture capacity, while also gaining better structural and optical modifications to increased light levels than their ambient-light counterparts. Additionally, light-polluted corals developed a more porous skeleton compared to the control corals. We suggest that ALAN induces light stress in corals, leading to a decrease in the solar energy available for photosynthesis during daytime illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Kramer
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Israel National Center for Biodiversity Studies, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Raz Tamir
- Israel Oceanography & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego,San Diego, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Yossi Loya
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Wang X, Feng Y, Zhang Z, Li C, Han H. Balance dysfunction in large yellow croaker in response to ocean acidification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162444. [PMID: 36842599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is a coastal-dwelling soniferous, commercially important fish species that is sensitive to sound. An understanding of how ocean acidification might affect its auditory system is therefore important for its long-term viability and management as a fisheries resource. We tested the effects of ocean acidification with four CO2 treatments (440 ppm (control), 1000 ppm, 1800 ppm, and 3000 ppm) on the inner ear system of this species. After exposure to acidified water for 50 d, the impacts on the perimeter and mass of the sagitta, asteriscus, and lapillus otoliths were determined. In the acidified water treatments, the shape of sagittal otoliths became more irregular, and the surface became rougher. Similar sound frequency ranges triggered startle responses of fish in all treatments. In the highest CO2 treatment (3000 ppm CO2), significant asymmetry of the left and right lapillus perimeter and weight was apparent. Moreover, in the higher CO2 treatments (1800 ppm and 3000 ppm CO2), the fish were unable to maintain a balanced dorsal-up posture and tilted to one side. This result suggested that the balance functions of the inner ear might be affected by ocean acidification, which may threaten large yellow croaker individuals and populations. The molecular response to acidification was analyzed by RNA-Seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between right and left sensory epithelia of the utricle in each CO2 treatment group were identified. In higher CO2 concentration groups, nervous system function and regulation of bone mineralization pathways were enriched with DEGs. The comparative transcriptome analyses provide valuable molecular information about how the inner ear system responds to an acidified environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China.
| | - Yaoyi Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Zichao Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China
| | - Huan Han
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China
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8
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Acclimatization of a coral-dinoflagellate mutualism at a CO 2 vent. Commun Biol 2023; 6:66. [PMID: 36653505 PMCID: PMC9849335 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification caused by shifts in ocean carbonate chemistry resulting from increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations is threatening many calcifying organisms, including corals. Here we assessed autotrophy vs heterotrophy shifts in the Mediterranean zooxanthellate scleractinian coral Balanophyllia europaea acclimatized to low pH/high pCO2 conditions at a CO2 vent off Panarea Island (Italy). Dinoflagellate endosymbiont densities were higher at lowest pH Sites where changes in the distribution of distinct haplotypes of a host-specific symbiont species, Philozoon balanophyllum, were observed. An increase in symbiont C/N ratios was observed at low pH, likely as a result of increased C fixation by higher symbiont cell densities. δ13C values of the symbionts and host tissue reached similar values at the lowest pH Site, suggesting an increased influence of autotrophy with increasing acidification. Host tissue δ15N values of 0‰ strongly suggest that diazotroph N2 fixation is occurring within the coral tissue/mucus at the low pH Sites, likely explaining the decrease in host tissue C/N ratios with acidification. Overall, our findings show an acclimatization of this coral-dinoflagellate mutualism through trophic adjustment and symbiont haplotype differences with increasing acidification, highlighting that some corals are capable of acclimatizing to ocean acidification predicted under end-of-century scenarios.
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Leung JYS, Zhang S, Connell SD. Is Ocean Acidification Really a Threat to Marine Calcifiers? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 980+ Studies Spanning Two Decades. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107407. [PMID: 35934837 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers, but mounting contradictory evidence suggests a need to revisit this concept. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to critically re-evaluate the prevailing paradigm of negative effects of ocean acidification on calcifiers. Based on 5153 observations from 985 studies, many calcifiers (e.g., echinoderms, crustaceans, and cephalopods) are found to be tolerant to near-future ocean acidification (pH ≈ 7.8 by the year 2100), but coccolithophores, calcifying algae, and corals appear to be sensitive. Calcifiers are generally more sensitive at the larval stage than adult stage. Over 70% of the observations in growth and calcification are non-negative, implying the acclimation capacity of many calcifiers to ocean acidification. This capacity can be mediated by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., physiological, mineralogical, structural, and molecular adjustments), transgenerational plasticity, increased food availability, or species interactions. The results suggest that the impacts of ocean acidification on calcifiers are less deleterious than initially thought as their adaptability has been underestimated. Therefore, in the forthcoming era of ocean acidification research, it is advocated that studying how marine organisms persist is as important as studying how they perish, and that future hypotheses and experimental designs are not constrained within the paradigm of negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y S Leung
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sam Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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10
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Kramer N, Guan J, Chen S, Wangpraseurt D, Loya Y. Morpho-functional traits of the coral Stylophora pistillata enhance light capture for photosynthesis at mesophotic depths. Commun Biol 2022; 5:861. [PMID: 36002592 PMCID: PMC9402581 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological architecture of photosynthetic corals modulates the light capture and functioning of the coral-algal symbiosis on shallow-water corals. Since corals can thrive on mesophotic reefs under extreme light-limited conditions, we hypothesized that microskeletal coral features enhance light capture under low-light environments. Utilizing micro-computed tomography scanning, we conducted a novel comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the small-scale skeleton morphology of the depth-generalist coral Stylophora pistillata collected from shallow (4–5 m) and mesophotic (45–50 m) depths. We detected a high phenotypic diversity between depths, resulting in two distinct morphotypes, with calyx diameter, theca height, and corallite marginal spacing contributing to most of the variation between depths. To determine whether such depth-specific morphotypes affect coral light capture and photosynthesis on the corallite scale, we developed 3D simulations of light propagation and photosynthesis. We found that microstructural features of corallites from mesophotic corals provide a greater ability to use solar energy under light-limited conditions; while corals associated with shallow morphotypes avoided excess light through self-shading skeletal architectures. The results from our study suggest that skeleton morphology plays a key role in coral photoadaptation to light-limited environments. Micro-computed tomography scanning and 3D light simulation models reveals distinct morphotypes of the coral species Stylophora pistillata depending on depth, and suggest that coral skeletal micromorphology plays a key role in coral photoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netanel Kramer
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Jiaao Guan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Yossi Loya
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Palladino G, Caroselli E, Tavella T, D'Amico F, Prada F, Mancuso A, Franzellitti S, Rampelli S, Candela M, Goffredo S, Biagi E. Metagenomic shifts in mucus, tissue and skeleton of the coral Balanophyllia europaea living along a natural CO 2 gradient. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:65. [PMID: 37938252 PMCID: PMC9723718 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the Mediterranean coral Balanophyllia europaea naturally growing along a pH gradient close to Panarea island (Italy) as a model, we explored the role of host-associated microbiomes in coral acclimatization to ocean acidification (OA). Coral samples were collected at three sites along the gradient, mimicking seawater conditions projected for 2100 under different IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios, and mucus, soft tissue and skeleton associated microbiomes were characterized by shotgun metagenomics. According to our findings, OA induced functional changes in the microbiomes genetic potential that could mitigate the sub-optimal environmental conditions at three levels: i. selection of bacteria genetically equipped with functions related to stress resistance; ii. shifts in microbial carbohydrate metabolism from energy production to maintenance of cell membranes and walls integrity; iii. gain of functions able to respond to variations in nitrogen needs at the holobiont level, such as genes devoted to organic nitrogen mobilization. We hence provided hypotheses about the functional role of the coral associated microbiome in favoring host acclimatation to OA, remarking on the importance of considering the crosstalk among all the components of the holobiont to unveil how and to what extent corals will maintain their functionality under forthcoming ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancuso
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
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12
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Godefroid M, Dupont S, Metian M, Hédouin L. Two decades of seawater acidification experiments on tropical scleractinian corals: Overview, meta-analysis and perspectives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113552. [PMID: 35339865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification has emerged as a major concern in the last fifteen years and studies on the impacts of seawater acidification on marine organisms have multiplied accordingly. This review aimed at synthesizing the literature on the effects of seawater acidification on tropical scleractinians under laboratory-controlled conditions. We identified 141 articles (published between 1999 and 2021) and separated endpoints into 22 biological categories to identify global trends for mitigation and gaps in knowledge and research priorities for future investigators. The relative number of affected endpoints increased with pH intensity (particularly for endpoints associated to calcification and reproduction). When exposed to pH 7.6-7.8 (compared to higher pH), 49% of endpoints were affected. The diversity in experimental designs prevented deciphering the modulating role of coral life stages, genera or duration of exposure. Finally, important bias in research efforts included most experiments on adult corals (68.5%), in 27 out of 150 (18%) coral ecoregions and exclusively from shallow-waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Godefroid
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia.
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Kristineberg 566, 45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden; Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Marine Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Marc Metian
- Radioecology Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Marine Laboratories, 4 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000, Monaco
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- PSL Research University: EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, USR 3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729 Papetoai, Mo'orea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Mo'orea, French Polynesia
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13
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Klein SG, Geraldi NR, Anton A, Schmidt‐Roach S, Ziegler M, Cziesielski MJ, Martin C, Rädecker N, Frölicher TL, Mumby PJ, Pandolfi JM, Suggett DJ, Voolstra CR, Aranda M, Duarte CM. Projecting coral responses to intensifying marine heatwaves under ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1753-1765. [PMID: 34343392 PMCID: PMC9291544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Over this century, coral reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, as marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and frequent, and ocean acidification (OA) progresses. However, we still lack a quantitative assessment of how, and to what degree, OA will moderate the responses of corals to MHWs as they intensify throughout this century. Here, we first projected future MHW intensities for tropical regions under three future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the near-term (2021-2040), mid-century (2041-2060) and late-century (2081-2100). We then combined these MHW intensity projections with a global data set of 1,788 experiments to assess coral attribute performance and survival under the three emissions scenarios for the near-term, mid-century and late-century in the presence and absence of OA. Although warming and OA had predominately additive impacts on the coral responses, the contribution of OA in affecting most coral attributes was minor relative to the dominant role of intensifying MHWs. However, the addition of OA led to greater decreases in photosynthesis and survival under intermediate and unrestricted emissions scenario for the mid- and late-century than if intensifying MHWs were considered as the only driver. These results show that role of OA in modulating coral responses to intensifying MHWs depended on the focal coral attribute and extremity of the scenario examined. Specifically, intensifying MHWs and OA will cause increasing instances of coral bleaching and substantial declines in coral productivity, calcification and survival within the next two decades under the low and intermediate emissions scenario. These projections suggest that corals must rapidly adapt or acclimatize to projected ocean conditions to persist, which is far more likely under a low emissions scenario and with increasing efforts to manage reefs to enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G. Klein
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan R. Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Anton
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian Schmidt‐Roach
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Ecology & SystematicsJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Maha J. Cziesielski
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas L. Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental PhysicsPhysics InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology LabSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - David J. Suggett
- Climate Change ClusterFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos. M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Factors Limiting the Range Extension of Corals into High-Latitude Reef Regions. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals show a marked decrease in total species richness from the tropics to high latitude regions. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for this pattern in the context of abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature thresholds, light limitation, aragonite saturation, nutrient or sediment loads, larval dispersal constraints, competition with macro-algae or other invertebrates, and availability of suitable settlement cues or micro-algal symbionts. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of data supporting several of these hypotheses. Given the immense pressures faced by corals in the Anthropocene, it is critical to understand the factors limiting their distribution in order to predict potential range expansions and the role that high latitude reefs can play as refuges from climate change. This review examines these factors and outlines critical research areas to address knowledge gaps in our understanding of light/temperature interactions, coral-Symbiodiniaceae associations, settlement cues, and competition in high latitude reefs.
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15
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Kramer N, Tamir R, Ben‐Zvi O, Jacques SL, Loya Y, Wangpraseurt D. Efficient light‐harvesting of mesophotic corals is facilitated by coral optical traits. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raz Tamir
- School of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat Eilat Israel
| | - Or Ben‐Zvi
- School of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat Eilat Israel
| | - Steven L. Jacques
- Department of Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Yossi Loya
- School of Zoology Tel‐Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Daniel Wangpraseurt
- Department of Nanoengineering University of California San Diego San Diego CA USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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16
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Marchini C, Gizzi F, Pondrelli T, Moreddu L, Marisaldi L, Montori F, Lazzari V, Airi V, Caroselli E, Prada F, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Decreasing pH impairs sexual reproduction in a Mediterranean coral transplanted at a CO 2 vent. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2021; 66:3990-4000. [PMID: 35873528 PMCID: PMC9293323 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification, due to the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere and its absorption by the oceans, affects many aspects of marine calcifying organisms' biology, including reproduction. Most of the available studies on low pH effects on coral reproduction have been conducted on tropical species under controlled conditions, while little information is reported for either tropical or temperate species in the field. This study describes the influence of decreasing pH on sexual reproduction of the temperate non-zooxanthellate colonial scleractinian Astroides calycularis, transplanted in four sites along a natural pH gradient at the underwater volcanic crater of Panarea Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The average pH values of each site (range: pHTS 8.07-7.40) match different scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the end of the century. After 3 months under experimental conditions, the reproductive parameters of both oocytes and spermaries (abundance, gonadal index, and diameters) seem to be unaffected by low pH. However, a delay in spermary development in the pre-fertilization period and a persistence of mature oocytes in the fertilization period were observed in the most acidic site. Furthermore, no embryos were found in colonies from the two most acidic sites, suggesting a delay or an interruption of the fertilization process due to acidified conditions. These findings suggest a negative effect of low pH on A. calycularis sexual reproduction. However, long-term experiments, including the synergistic impact of pH and temperature, are needed to predict if this species will be able to adapt to climate change over the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marchini
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Francesca Gizzi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreAgência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI)FunchalMadeiraPortugal
| | - Thomas Pondrelli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Lisa Moreddu
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Marisaldi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Francesco Montori
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Valentina Lazzari
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
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17
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Coral micro- and macro-morphological skeletal properties in response to life-long acclimatization at CO 2 vents in Papua New Guinea. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19927. [PMID: 34620911 PMCID: PMC8497495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of long-term exposure to OA on skeletal parameters of four tropical zooxanthellate corals naturally living at CO2 seeps and adjacent control sites from two locations (Dobu and Upa Upasina) in the Papua New Guinea underwater volcanic vent system. The seeps are characterized by seawater pH values ranging from 8.0 to about 7.7. The skeletal porosity of Galaxea fascicularis, Acropora millepora, massive Porites, and Pocillopora damicornis was higher (up to ~ 40%, depending on the species) at the seep sites compared to the control sites. Pocillopora damicornis also showed a decrease of micro-density (up to ~ 7%). Thus, further investigations conducted on this species showed an increase of the volume fraction of the larger pores (up to ~ 7%), a decrease of the intraskeletal organic matrix content (up to ~ 15%), and an increase of the intraskeletal water content (up to ~ 59%) at the seep sites. The organic matrix related strain and crystallite size did not vary between seep and control sites. This multi-species study showed a common phenotypic response among different zooxanthellate corals subjected to the same environmental pressures, leading to the development of a more porous skeletal phenotype under OA.
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18
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Huang Y, Rao A, Huang S, Chang C, Drechsler M, Knaus J, Chan JCC, Raiteri P, Gale JD, Gebauer D. Aufdeckung der Rolle von Hydrogencarbonat‐Ionen bei der Bildung von Calciumcarbonat im nahezu neutralen pH‐Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chieh Huang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Deutschland
| | - Ashit Rao
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group and MESA+ Institute Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente Enschede Niederlande
| | - Shing‐Jong Huang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chun‐Yu Chang
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Jennifer Knaus
- Fachbereich Chemie, Physikalische Chemie Universität Konstanz Deutschland
- stimOS GmbH Konstanz Deutschland
| | | | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation/, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Australien
| | - Julian D. Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation/, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Australien
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 9 30167 Hannover Deutschland
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19
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Scucchia F, Malik A, Zaslansky P, Putnam HM, Mass T. Combined responses of primary coral polyps and their algal endosymbionts to decreasing seawater pH. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210328. [PMID: 34157872 PMCID: PMC8220278 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With coral reefs declining globally, resilience of these ecosystems hinges on successful coral recruitment. However, knowledge of the acclimatory and/or adaptive potential in response to environmental challenges such as ocean acidification (OA) in earliest life stages is limited. Our combination of physiological measurements, microscopy, computed tomography techniques and gene expression analysis allowed us to thoroughly elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of early-life stages of corals, together with their algal partners, to the projected decline in oceanic pH. We observed extensive physiological, morphological and transcriptional changes in surviving recruits, and the transition to a less-skeleton/more-tissue phenotype. We found that decreased pH conditions stimulate photosynthesis and endosymbiont growth, and gene expression potentially linked to photosynthates translocation. Our unique holistic study discloses the previously unseen intricate net of interacting mechanisms that regulate the performance of these organisms in response to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scucchia
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel
| | - Assaf Malik
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel.,Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Sdot Yam, Israel
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20
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Huang YC, Rao A, Huang SJ, Chang CY, Drechsler M, Knaus J, Chan JCC, Raiteri P, Gale JD, Gebauer D. Uncovering the Role of Bicarbonate in Calcium Carbonate Formation at Near-Neutral pH. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16707-16713. [PMID: 33973691 PMCID: PMC8362096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic pathways relevant to mineralization are not well‐understood fundamentally, let alone in the context of their biological and geological environments. Through quantitative analysis of ion association at near‐neutral pH, we identify the involvement of HCO3− ions in CaCO3 nucleation. Incorporation of HCO3− ions into the structure of amorphous intermediates is corroborated by solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, complemented by quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the roles of HCO3− ions as being through (i) competition for ion association during the formation of ion pairs and ion clusters prior to nucleation and (ii) incorporation as a significant structural component of amorphous mineral particles. The roles of HCO3− ions as active soluble species and structural constituents in CaCO3 formation are of fundamental importance and provide a basis for a better understanding of physiological and geological mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ashit Rao
- Physics of Complex Fluids Group and MESA+ Institute, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | | | - Jennifer Knaus
- Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,stimOS GmbH, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation/, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Julian D Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation/, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Denis Gebauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Potential local adaptation of corals at acidified and warmed Nikko Bay, Palau. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11192. [PMID: 34045589 PMCID: PMC8159998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean warming and acidification caused by increases of atmospheric carbon dioxide are now thought to be major threats to coral reefs on a global scale. Here we evaluated the environmental conditions and benthic community structures in semi-closed Nikko Bay at the inner reef area in Palau, which has high pCO2 and seawater temperature conditions with high zooxanthellate coral coverage. Nikko Bay is a highly sheltered system with organisms showing low connectivity with surrounding environments, making this bay a unique site for evaluating adaptation and acclimatization responses of organisms to warmed and acidified environments. Seawater pCO2/Ωarag showed strong gradation ranging from 380 to 982 µatm (Ωarag: 1.79-3.66), and benthic coverage, including soft corals and turf algae, changed along with Ωarag while hard coral coverage did not change. In contrast to previous studies, net calcification was maintained in Nikko Bay even under very low mean Ωarag (2.44). Reciprocal transplantation of the dominant coral Porites cylindrica showed that the calcification rate of corals from Nikko Bay did not change when transplanted to a reference site, while calcification of reference site corals decreased when transplanted to Nikko Bay. Corals transplanted out of their origin sites also showed the highest interactive respiration (R) and lower gross photosynthesis (Pg) to respiration (Pg:R), indicating higher energy acquirement of corals at their origin site. The results of this study give important insights about the potential local acclimatization and adaptation capacity of corals to different environmental conditions including pCO2 and temperature.
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22
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Roger LM, Reich HG, Lawrence E, Li S, Vizgaudis W, Brenner N, Kumar L, Klein-Seetharaman J, Yang J, Putnam HM, Lewinski NA. Applying model approaches in non-model systems: A review and case study on coral cell culture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248953. [PMID: 33831033 PMCID: PMC8031391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Model systems approaches search for commonality in patterns underlying biological diversity and complexity led by common evolutionary paths. The success of the approach does not rest on the species chosen but on the scalability of the model and methods used to develop the model and engage research. Fine-tuning approaches to improve coral cell cultures will provide a robust platform for studying symbiosis breakdown, the calcification mechanism and its disruption, protein interactions, micronutrient transport/exchange, and the toxicity of nanoparticles, among other key biological aspects, with the added advantage of minimizing the ethical conundrum of repeated testing on ecologically threatened organisms. The work presented here aimed to lay the foundation towards development of effective methods to sort and culture reef-building coral cells with the ultimate goal of obtaining immortal cell lines for the study of bleaching, disease and toxicity at the cellular and polyp levels. To achieve this objective, the team conducted a thorough review and tested the available methods (i.e. cell dissociation, isolation, sorting, attachment and proliferation). The most effective and reproducible techniques were combined to consolidate culture methods and generate uncontaminated coral cell cultures for ~7 days (10 days maximum). The tests were conducted on scleractinian corals Pocillopora acuta of the same genotype to harmonize results and reduce variation linked to genetic diversity. The development of cell separation and identification methods in conjunction with further investigations into coral cell-type specific metabolic requirements will allow us to tailor growth media for optimized monocultures as a tool for studying essential reef-building coral traits such as symbiosis, wound healing and calcification at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza M. Roger
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Hannah G. Reich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Evan Lawrence
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shuaifeng Li
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Whitney Vizgaudis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nathan Brenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | - Jinkyu Yang
- Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nastassja A. Lewinski
- Life Science and Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Hall TE, Freedman AS, de Roos AM, Edmunds PJ, Carpenter RC, Gross K. Stony coral populations are more sensitive to changes in vital rates in disturbed environments. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02234. [PMID: 33064870 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals, like many long-lived organisms, experience environmental change as a combination of separate but concurrent processes, some of which are gradual yet long-lasting, while others are more acute but short-lived. For corals, some chronic environmental stressors, such as rising temperature and ocean acidification, are thought to induce gradual changes in colonies' vital rates. Meanwhile, other environmental changes, such as the intensification of tropical cyclones, change the disturbance regime that corals experience. Here, we use a physiologically structured population model to explore how chronic environmental stressors that impact the vital rates of individual coral colonies interact with the intensity and magnitude of disturbance to affect coral population dynamics and cover. We find that, when disturbances are relatively benign, intraspecific density dependence driven by space competition partially buffers coral populations against gradual changes in vital rates. However, the impact of chronic stressors is amplified in more highly disturbed environments, because disturbance weakens the buffering effect of space competition. We also show that coral cover is more sensitive to changes in colony growth and mortality than to external recruitment, at least in open populations, and that space competition and size structure mediate the extent and pace of coral population recovery following a large-scale mortality event. Understanding the complex interplay among chronic environmental stressors, mass-mortality events, and population size structure sharpens our ability to manage and to restore coral-reef ecosystems in an increasingly disturbed future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E Hall
- Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Andrew S Freedman
- Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - André M de Roos
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, 87501, USA
| | - Peter J Edmunds
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, 91330, USA
| | - Robert C Carpenter
- Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, California, 91330, USA
| | - Kevin Gross
- Biomathematics Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
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Abstract
There is a growing interest in the endolithic microbial biofilms inhabiting skeletons of living corals because of their contribution to coral reef bioerosion and the reputed benefits they provide to live coral hosts. Here, we sought to identify possible correlations between coral interspecific patterns in skeletal morphology and variability in the biomass of, and chlorophyll concentrations within, the endolithic biofilm. We measured five morphological characteristics of five coral species and the biomasses/chlorophyll concentrations of their endolithic microbiome, and we compare interspecific patterns in these variables. We propose that the specific density of a coral’s skeleton and its capacity for capturing and scattering incident light are the main correlates of endolithic microbial biomass. Our data suggest that the correlation between light capture and endolithic biomass is likely influenced by how the green microalgae (obligatory microborers) respond to skeletal variability. These results demonstrate that coral species differ significantly in their endolithic microbial biomass and that their skeletal structure could be used to predict these interspecific differences. Further exploring how and why the endolithic microbiome varies between coral species is vital in defining the role of these microbes on coral reefs, both now and in the future. IMPORTANCE Microbial communities living inside the skeletons of living corals play a variety of important roles within the coral meta-organism, both symbiotic and parasitic. Properly contextualizing the contribution of these enigmatic microbes to the life history of coral reefs requires knowledge of how these endolithic biofilms vary between coral species. To this effect, we measured differences in the morphology of five coral species and correlate these with variability in the biomass of the skeletal biofilms. We found that the density of the skeleton and its capacity to trap incoming light, as opposed to scattering it back into the surrounding water, both significantly correlated with skeletal microbial biomass. These patterns are likely driven by how dominant green microalgae in the endolithic niche, such as Ostreobium spp., are responding to the skeletal morphology. This study highlights that the structure of a coral’s skeleton could be used to predict the biomass of its resident endolithic biofilm.
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25
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Teixidó N, Caroselli E, Alliouane S, Ceccarelli C, Comeau S, Gattuso JP, Fici P, Micheli F, Mirasole A, Monismith SG, Munari M, Palumbi SR, Sheets E, Urbini L, De Vittor C, Goffredo S, Gambi MC. Ocean acidification causes variable trait-shifts in a coral species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:6813-6830. [PMID: 33002274 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High pCO2 habitats and their populations provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess how species may survive under future ocean acidification conditions, and help to reveal the traits that confer tolerance. Here we utilize a unique CO2 vent system to study the effects of exposure to elevated pCO2 on trait-shifts observed throughout natural populations of Astroides calycularis, an azooxanthellate scleractinian coral endemic to the Mediterranean. Unexpected shifts in skeletal and growth patterns were found. Colonies shifted to a skeletal phenotype characterized by encrusting morphology, smaller size, reduced coenosarc tissue, fewer polyps, and less porous and denser skeletons at low pH. Interestingly, while individual polyps calcified more and extended faster at low pH, whole colonies found at low pH site calcified and extended their skeleton at the same rate as did those at ambient pH sites. Transcriptomic data revealed strong genetic differentiation among local populations of this warm water species whose distribution range is currently expanding northward. We found excess differentiation in the CO2 vent population for genes central to calcification, including genes for calcium management (calmodulin, calcium-binding proteins), pH regulation (V-type proton ATPase), and inorganic carbon regulation (carbonic anhydrase). Combined, our results demonstrate how coral populations can persist in high pCO2 environments, making this system a powerful candidate for investigating acclimatization and local adaptation of organisms to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samir Alliouane
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Chiara Ceccarelli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Fici
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen G Monismith
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Munari
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sheets
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Lidia Urbini
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
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26
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Caroselli E, Frapiccini E, Franzellitti S, Palazzo Q, Prada F, Betti M, Goffredo S, Marini M. Accumulation of PAHs in the tissues and algal symbionts of a common Mediterranean coral: Skeletal storage relates to population age structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140781. [PMID: 32673924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and harmful environmental pollutants that threaten marine ecosystems. Assessing their level and source is crucial to estimate the potential risks for marine organisms, as PAHs represent an additional threat to organism resilience under ongoing climatic change. Here we applied the QuEChERS extraction method to quantify four PAHs (i.e. acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) in three biological compartments (i.e. skeleton, tissue, and zooxanthellae symbiotic algae) of adult and old specimens of a scleractinian coral species (Balanophyllia europaea) that is widespread throughout the Mediterranean Sea. A higher concentration of all four investigated PAHs was observed in the zooxanthellae, followed by the coral tissue, with lowest concentration in the skeleton, consistently with previous studies on tropical species. In all the three biological compartments, the concentration of low molecular weight PAHs was higher with respect to high-molecular weight PAHs, in agreement with their bioaccumulation capabilities. PAH concentration was unrelated to skeletal age. Observed PAHs were of petrogenic origin, reflecting the pollution sources of the sampling area. By coupling PAH data with population age structure data measured in the field, the amount of PAHs stored in the long term (i.e. up to 20 years) in coral skeletons was quantified and resulted in 53.6 ng m-2 of acenaphthene, 69.4 ng m-2 of fluorene, 2.7 ng m-2 of fluoranthene, and 11.7 ng m-2 of pyrene. This estimate provides the basis for further assessments of long-term sequestration of PAHs from the marine environment in the whole Mediterranean, given the widespread distribution of the investigated coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Quinzia Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mattia Betti
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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27
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Venn AA, Bernardet C, Chabenat A, Tambutté E, Tambutté S. Paracellular transport to the coral calcifying medium: effects of environmental parameters. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb227074. [PMID: 32675232 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.227074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Coral calcification relies on the transport of ions and molecules to the extracellular calcifying medium (ECM). Little is known about paracellular transport (via intercellular junctions) in corals and other marine calcifiers. Here, we investigated whether the permeability of the paracellular pathway varied in different environmental conditions in the coral Stylophora pistillata Using the fluorescent dye calcein, we characterised the dynamics of calcein influx from seawater to the ECM and showed that increases in paracellular permeability (leakiness) induced by hyperosmotic treatment could be detected by changes in calcein influx rates. We then used the calcein-imaging approach to investigate the effects of two environmental stressors on paracellular permeability: seawater acidification and temperature change. Under conditions of seawater acidification (pH 7.2) known to depress pH in the ECM and the calcifying cells of S. pistillata, we observed a decrease in half-times of calcein influx, indicating increased paracellular permeability. By contrast, high temperature (31°C) had no effect, whereas low temperature (20°C) caused decreases in paracellular permeability. Overall, our study establishes an approach to conduct further in vivo investigation of paracellular transport and suggests that changes in paracellular permeability could form an uncharacterised aspect of the physiological response of S. pistillata to seawater acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Venn
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Coralie Bernardet
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Apolline Chabenat
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Eric Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Marine Biology Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, 98000 Monaco
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28
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Wang Y, Yu K, Chen X, Wang W, Huang X, Wang Y, Liao Z. An approach for assessing ecosystem-based adaptation in coral reefs at relatively high latitudes to climate change and human pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:579. [PMID: 32783089 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relatively high-latitude waters are supposed as a refuge for corals under ocean warming. A systematic assessment of the Weizhou Island reef in the northern South China Sea, a relatively high-latitude region, shows that the ecosystem restoration index decreased from 0.96 to 0.62 during the period between 1990 and 2015. Although the biotic community, supporting services, and regulating services remained at good or very good states, the provisioning services, cultural services, and especially habitat structure deteriorated to very poor or moderate states. Gray relational analysis showed that these ecological declines exhibited a strong relationship with human pressures from tourism activities and the petrochemical industry. The recoveries of the biotic community and supporting services that benefited from wintertime warming appeared to be partly offset by intensive human pressures. The long-term effects on ecosystem structure and functions suggest that anthropogenic disturbances have impaired the possibility of this area serving as a potential thermal refuge for reef-building corals in the South China Sea. This study thus provides an integrated approach for assessing the adaptive responses of coral reef ecosystems to climate change and local human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenhuan Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
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29
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Fordyce AJ, Knuefing L, Ainsworth TD, Beeching L, Turner M, Leggat W. Understanding decay in marine calcifiers: Micro‐CT analysis of skeletal structures provides insight into the impacts of a changing climate in marine ecosystems. Methods Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Fordyce
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSW Australia
| | - Lydia Knuefing
- Research School of Physics Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Tracy D. Ainsworth
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Levi Beeching
- National Laboratory for X‐ray Micro Computed Tomography Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Michael Turner
- National Laboratory for X‐ray Micro Computed Tomography Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - William Leggat
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Ourimbah NSW Australia
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30
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van der Zande RM, Achlatis M, Bender-Champ D, Kubicek A, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O. Paradise lost: End-of-century warming and acidification under business-as-usual emissions have severe consequences for symbiotic corals. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2203-2219. [PMID: 31955493 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent efforts to curtail greenhouse gas emissions, current global emission trajectories are still following the business-as-usual representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 emission pathway. The resulting ocean warming and acidification have transformative impacts on coral reef ecosystems, detrimentally affecting coral physiology and health, and these impacts are predicted to worsen in the near future. In this study, we kept fragments of the symbiotic corals Acropora intermedia (thermally sensitive) and Porites lobata (thermally tolerant) for 7 weeks under an orthogonal design of predicted end-of-century RCP8.5 conditions for temperature and pCO2 (3.5°C and 570 ppm above present-day, respectively) to unravel how temperature and acidification, individually or interactively, influence metabolic and physiological performance. Our results pinpoint thermal stress as the dominant driver of deteriorating health in both species because of its propensity to destabilize coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis (bleaching). Acidification had no influence on metabolism but had a significant negative effect on skeleton growth, particularly when photosynthesis was absent such as in bleached corals or under dark conditions. Total loss of photosynthesis after bleaching caused an exhaustion of protein and lipid stores and collapse of calcification that ultimately led to A. intermedia mortality. Despite complete loss of symbionts from its tissue, P. lobata maintained small amounts of photosynthesis and experienced a weaker decline in lipid and protein reserves that presumably contributed to higher survival of this species. Our results indicate that ocean warming and acidification under business-as-usual CO2 emission scenarios will likely extirpate thermally sensitive coral species before the end of the century, while slowing the recovery of more thermally tolerant species from increasingly severe mass coral bleaching and mortality. This could ultimately lead to the gradual disappearance of tropical coral reefs globally, and a shift on surviving reefs to only the most resilient coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene M van der Zande
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Michelle Achlatis
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Dorothea Bender-Champ
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Andreas Kubicek
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Sophie Dove
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
- Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
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31
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Pernice M, Raina JB, Rädecker N, Cárdenas A, Pogoreutz C, Voolstra CR. Down to the bone: the role of overlooked endolithic microbiomes in reef coral health. ISME JOURNAL 2019; 14:325-334. [PMID: 31690886 PMCID: PMC6976677 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0548-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Reef-building corals harbour an astonishing diversity of microorganisms, including endosymbiotic microalgae, bacteria, archaea, and fungi. The metabolic interactions within this symbiotic consortium are fundamental to the ecological success of corals and the unique productivity of coral reef ecosystems. Over the last two decades, scientific efforts have been primarily channelled into dissecting the symbioses occurring in coral tissues. Although easily accessible, this compartment is only 2–3 mm thick, whereas the underlying calcium carbonate skeleton occupies the vast internal volume of corals. Far from being devoid of life, the skeleton harbours a wide array of algae, endolithic fungi, heterotrophic bacteria, and other boring eukaryotes, often forming distinct bands visible to the bare eye. Some of the critical functions of these endolithic microorganisms in coral health, such as nutrient cycling and metabolite transfer, which could enable the survival of corals during thermal stress, have long been demonstrated. In addition, some of these microorganisms can dissolve calcium carbonate, weakening the coral skeleton and therefore may play a major role in reef erosion. Yet, experimental data are wanting due to methodological limitations. Recent technological and conceptual advances now allow us to tease apart the complex physical, ecological, and chemical interactions at the heart of coral endolithic microbial communities. These new capabilities have resulted in an excellent body of research and provide an exciting outlook to further address the functional microbial ecology of the “overlooked” coral skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pernice
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anny Cárdenas
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudia Pogoreutz
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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32
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Kline DI, Teneva L, Okamoto DK, Schneider K, Caldeira K, Miard T, Chai A, Marker M, Dunbar RB, Mitchell BG, Dove S, Hoegh-Guldberg O. Living coral tissue slows skeletal dissolution related to ocean acidification. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:1438-1444. [PMID: 31558830 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is causing major changes to marine ecosystems globally, with ocean acidification of particular concern for coral reefs. Using a 200 d in situ carbon dioxide enrichment study on Heron Island, Australia, we simulated future ocean acidification conditions, and found reduced pH led to a drastic decline in net calcification of living corals to no net growth, and accelerated disintegration of dead corals. Net calcification declined more severely than in previous studies due to exposure to the natural community of bioeroding organisms in this in situ study and to a longer experimental duration. Our data suggest that reef flat corals reach net dissolution at an aragonite saturation state (ΩAR) of 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.8-2.8) with 100% living coral cover and at ΩAR > 3.5 with 30% living coral cover. This model suggests that areas of the reef with relatively low coral mortality, where living coral cover is high, are likely to be resistant to carbon dioxide-induced reef dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kline
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panama. .,Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Global Change Institute and Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lida Teneva
- Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,OceanX, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel K Okamoto
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Schneider
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, USA.,Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ken Caldeira
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Miard
- Global Change Institute and Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron Chai
- Global Change Institute and Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malcolm Marker
- Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert B Dunbar
- Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Integrative Oceanography Division, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Dove
- Global Change Institute and Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
- Global Change Institute and Coral Reef Ecosystems Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Tang Y, McCowan D, Song YQ. A miniaturized spectrometer for NMR relaxometry under extreme conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11174. [PMID: 31371756 PMCID: PMC6673705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47634-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of integrated electronics, microfabrication and novel chemistry, NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) methods, embodied in miniaturized spectrometers, have found profound uses in recent years that are beyond their conventional niche. In this work, we extend NMR relaxometry on a minute sample below 20 μL to challenging environment of 150 °C in temperature and 900 bar in pressure. Combined with a single-board NMR spectrometer, we further demonstrate multidimensional NMR relaxometries capable of resolving compositions of complex fluids. The confluence of HTHP (high-pressure high-temperature) capability, minimal sample volume, and reduced sensor envelop and power budget creates a new class of mobile NMR platforms, bringing the powerful analytical toolkit in a miniaturized footprint to extreme operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Tang
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - David McCowan
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yi-Qiao Song
- Schlumberger-Doll Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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34
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Martinez A, Crook ED, Barshis DJ, Potts DC, Rebolledo-Vieyra M, Hernandez L, Paytan A. Species-specific calcification response of Caribbean corals after 2-year transplantation to a low aragonite saturation submarine spring. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190572. [PMID: 31238847 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral calcification is expected to decline as atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration increases. We assessed the potential of Porites astreoides, Siderastrea siderea and Porites porites to survive and calcify under acidified conditions in a 2-year field transplant experiment around low pH, low aragonite saturation (Ωarag) submarine springs. Slow-growing S. siderea had the highest post-transplantation survival and showed increases in concentrations of Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a and protein at the low Ωarag site. Nubbins of P. astreoides had 20% lower survival and higher chlorophyll a concentration at the low Ωarag site. Only 33% of P. porites nubbins survived at low Ωarag and their linear extension and calcification rates were reduced. The density of skeletons deposited after transplantation at the low Ωarag spring was 15-30% lower for all species. These results suggest that corals with slow calcification rates and high Symbiodiniaceae, chlorophyll a and protein concentrations may be less susceptible to ocean acidification, albeit with reduced skeletal density. We postulate that corals in the springs are responding to greater energy demands for overcoming larger differences in carbonate chemistry between the calcifying medium and the external environment. The differential mortality, growth rates and physiological changes may impact future coral species assemblages and the reef framework robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martinez
- 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA , USA
| | - Elizabeth D Crook
- 4 Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA , USA
| | - Daniel J Barshis
- 5 Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University , Norfolk, VA , USA
| | - Donald C Potts
- 2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA , USA.,3 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA , USA
| | | | | | - Adina Paytan
- 3 Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz, CA , USA
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35
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Guarino R, Goffredo S, Falini G, Pugno NM. Mechanical properties of Chamelea gallina shells at different latitudes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 94:155-163. [PMID: 30897503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work we evaluate the mechanical properties of Chamelea gallina shells, collected at various locations in the Adriatic Sea, through compression tests. We present an analytical model for the extraction of the material Young's modulus and ultimate strength, based on the approximation of the valves with a simpler geometry. The effect of porosity and the computation of the energy dissipated at fracture are also discussed. Results show a dependence of the mechanical performance on the location at which the samples were collected, i.e. latitude, and thus the environmental factors can affect the rigidity, strength and toughness of the shells. These findings integrate preliminary results published in a previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guarino
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries at Fano, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Maria Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy; Ket Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Rome, Italy; School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, E1-4NS London, United Kingdom.
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36
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Byrne M, Fitzer S. The impact of environmental acidification on the microstructure and mechanical integrity of marine invertebrate skeletons. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz062. [PMID: 31737270 PMCID: PMC6846232 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA), from seawater uptake of anthropogenic CO2, has a suite of negative effects on the ability of marine invertebrates to produce and maintain their skeletons. Increased organism pCO2 causes hypercapnia, an energetically costly physiological stress. OA alters seawater carbonate chemistry, limiting the carbonate available to form the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals used to build skeletons. The reduced saturation state of CaCO3 also causes corrosion of CaCO3 structures. Global change is also accelerating coastal acidification driven by land-run off (e.g. acid soil leachates, tannic acid). Building and maintaining marine biomaterials in the face of changing climate will depend on the balance between calcification and dissolution. Overall, in response to environmental acidification, many calcifiers produce less biomineral and so have smaller body size. Studies of skeleton development in echinoderms and molluscs across life stages show the stunting effect of OA. For corals, linear extension may be maintained, but at the expense of less dense biomineral. Conventional metrics used to quantify growth and calcification need to be augmented by characterisation of the changes to biomineral structure and mechanical integrity caused by environmental acidification. Scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography of corals, tube worms and sea urchins exposed to experimental (laboratory) and natural (vents, coastal run off) acidification show a less dense biomineral with greater porosity and a larger void space. For bivalves, CaCO3 crystal deposition is more chaotic in response to both ocean and coastal acidification. Biomechanics tests reveal that these changes result in weaker, more fragile skeletons, compromising their vital protective roles. Vulnerabilities differ among taxa and depend on acidification level. Climate warming has the potential to ameliorate some of the negative effects of acidification but may also make matters worse. The integrative morphology-ecomechanics approach is key to understanding how marine biominerals will perform in the face of changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Byrne
- School of Medical Science and School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Corresponding author: School of Medical Science and School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Susan Fitzer
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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37
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Molari M, Guilini K, Lott C, Weber M, de Beer D, Meyer S, Ramette A, Wegener G, Wenzhöfer F, Martin D, Cibic T, De Vittor C, Vanreusel A, Boetius A. CO 2 leakage alters biogeochemical and ecological functions of submarine sands. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao2040. [PMID: 29441359 PMCID: PMC5810613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Subseabed CO2 storage is considered a future climate change mitigation technology. We investigated the ecological consequences of CO2 leakage for a marine benthic ecosystem. For the first time with a multidisciplinary integrated study, we tested hypotheses derived from a meta-analysis of previous experimental and in situ high-CO2 impact studies. For this, we compared ecological functions of naturally CO2-vented seafloor off the Mediterranean island Panarea (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) to those of nonvented sands, with a focus on biogeochemical processes and microbial and faunal community composition. High CO2 fluxes (up to 4 to 7 mol CO2 m-2 hour-1) dissolved all sedimentary carbonate, and comigration of silicate and iron led to local increases of microphytobenthos productivity (+450%) and standing stocks (+300%). Despite the higher food availability, faunal biomass (-80%) and trophic diversity were substantially lower compared to those at the reference site. Bacterial communities were also structurally and functionally affected, most notably in the composition of heterotrophs and microbial sulfate reduction rates (-90%). The observed ecological effects of CO2 leakage on submarine sands were reproduced with medium-term transplant experiments. This study assesses indicators of environmental impact by CO2 leakage and finds that community compositions and important ecological functions are permanently altered under high CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Molari
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katja Guilini
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Lott
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Miriam Weber
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HYDRA Institute for Marine Sciences, Elba Field Station, Via del Forno 80, 57034 Campo nell’Elba (LI), Italy
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Microsensor Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Meyer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Alban Ramette
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Gunter Wegener
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank Wenzhöfer
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Daniel Martin
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Blanes, Girona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Tamara Cibic
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale–OGS, I-34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ann Vanreusel
- Marine Biology Research Group, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Boetius
- HGF-MPG (Helmholtz Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszenten–Max Planck Gesellschaft) Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- HGF-MPG Joint Research Group on Deep Sea Ecology and Technology, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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38
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Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is considered an important threat to coral reef ecosystems, because it reduces the availability of carbonate ions that reef-building corals need to produce their skeletons. However, while theory predicts that coral calcification rates decline as carbonate ion concentrations decrease, this prediction is not consistently borne out in laboratory manipulation experiments or in studies of corals inhabiting naturally low-pH reefs today. The skeletal growth of corals consists of two distinct processes: extension (upward growth) and densification (lateral thickening). Here, we show that skeletal density is directly sensitive to changes in seawater carbonate ion concentration and thus, to OA, whereas extension is not. We present a numerical model of Porites skeletal growth that links skeletal density with the external seawater environment via its influence on the chemistry of coral calcifying fluid. We validate the model using existing coral skeletal datasets from six Porites species collected across five reef sites and use this framework to project the impact of 21st century OA on Porites skeletal density across the global tropics. Our model predicts that OA alone will drive up to 20.3 ± 5.4% decline in the skeletal density of reef-building Porites corals.
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39
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Gizzi F, de Mas L, Airi V, Caroselli E, Prada F, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Reproduction of an azooxanthellate coral is unaffected by ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13049. [PMID: 29026138 PMCID: PMC5638904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consequent ocean acidification (OA) are projected to have extensive consequences on marine calcifying organisms, including corals. While the effects of OA on coral calcification are well documented, the response of reproduction is still poorly understood since no information are reported for temperate corals. Here we investigate for the first time the influence of OA on sexual reproduction of the temperate azooxanthellate solitary scleractinian Leptopsammia pruvoti transplanted along a natural pCO2 gradient at a Mediterranean CO2 vent. After 3 months, future projection of pH levels did not influence the germ cell production, gametogenesis and embryogenesis in this azooxanthellate coral. These findings suggest that reproductive potential may be quite tolerant to decreasing pH, with implications for ecosystem function and services in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gizzi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica de Mas
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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40
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D'Olivo JP, McCulloch MT. Response of coral calcification and calcifying fluid composition to thermally induced bleaching stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2207. [PMID: 28526853 PMCID: PMC5438395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe, global-scale thermal stress events like those of 1998 and 2016, are becoming more frequent and intense, potentially compromising the future of coral reefs. Here we report the effects of the 1998 bleaching event on coral calcification as well as the composition of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which corals precipitate their calcium carbonate skeletons. This was investigated by using the Sr/Ca, Li/Mg (temperature), and boron isotopes (δ11B) and B/Ca (carbonate chemistry) proxies in a Porites sp. coral. Following the summer of 1998 the coral exhibited a prolonged period (~18 months) of reduced calcification (~60%) and a breakdown in the seasonality of the geochemical proxies. However, the maintenance of elevated dissolved inorganic carbon (DICcf; >×2 seawater) and pHcf (>8.3 compared to seawater ~8.0) even during severe stress of 1998 indicate that a minimum threshold of high aragonite saturation state (Ωcf) of ~14 (~×4 seawater), is an essential pre-requisite for coral calcification. However, despite maintaining elevated levels of Ωcf even under severe stress, coral growth is still impaired. We attribute this to reductions in either the effective active volume of calcification and/or DICcf as bleaching compromises the photosynthetically fixed carbon pool available to the coral.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P D'Olivo
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies, Oceans Institute and School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia.
| | - M T McCulloch
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies, Oceans Institute and School of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia
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41
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Poli D, Fabbri E, Goffredo S, Airi V, Franzellitti S. Physiological plasticity related to zonation affects hsp70 expression in the reef-building coral Pocillopora verrucosa. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171456. [PMID: 28199351 PMCID: PMC5310758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the transcriptional regulation of a stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora verrucosa sampled at three locations and two depths (3 m and 12 m) in Bangka Island waters (North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Percentage of coral cover indicated reduced habitat suitability with depth and at the Tanjung Husi (TA) site, which also displayed relatively higher seawater temperatures. Expression of the P. verrucosa hsp70 transcript evaluated under field conditions followed a depth-related profile, with relatively higher expression levels in 3-m collected nubbins compared to the 12-m ones. Expression levels of metabolism-related transcripts ATP synthase and NADH dehydrogenase indicated metabolic activation of nubbins to cope with habitat conditions of the TA site at 3 m. After a 14-day acclimatization to common and fixed temperature conditions in the laboratory, corals were subjected for 7 days to an altered thermal regime, where temperature was elevated at 31°C during the light phase and returned to 28°C during the dark phase. Nubbins collected at 12 m were relatively more sensitive to thermal stress, as they significantly over-expressed the selected transcripts. Corals collected at 3 m appeared more resilient, as they showed unaffected mRNA expressions. The results indicated that local habitat conditions may influence transcription of stress-related genes in P. verrucosa. Corals exhibiting higher basal hsp70 levels may display enhanced tolerance towards environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Poli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Sciences Research, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Sciences Research, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
- Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Sciences Research, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto, Ravenna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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42
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Maor-Landaw K, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Karako-Lampert S, Salmon-Divon M, Prada F, Caroselli E, Goffredo S, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Levy O. Mediterranean versus Red sea corals facing climate change, a transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42405. [PMID: 28181588 PMCID: PMC5299404 DOI: 10.1038/srep42405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 that drives global warming and ocean acidification raises serious concerns regarding the future of corals, the main carbonate biomineralizers. Here we used transcriptome analysis to study the effect of long-term gradual temperature increase (annual rate), combined with lowered pH values, on a sub-tropical Red Sea coral, Stylophora pistillata, and on a temperate Mediterranean symbiotic coral Balanophyllia europaea. The gene expression profiles revealed a strong effect of both temperature increase and pH decrease implying for synergism response. The temperate coral, exposed to a twice as high range of seasonal temperature fluctuations than the Red Sea species, faced stress more effectively. The compensatory strategy for coping apparently involves deviating cellular resources into a massive up-regulation of genes in general, and specifically of genes involved in the generation of metabolic energy. Our results imply that sub-lethal, prolonged exposure to stress can stimulate evolutionary increase in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Maor-Landaw
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sarit Karako-Lampert
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Prada F, Caroselli E, Mengoli S, Brizi L, Fantazzini P, Capaccioni B, Pasquini L, Fabricius KE, Dubinsky Z, Falini G, Goffredo S. Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40842. [PMID: 28102293 PMCID: PMC5244398 DOI: 10.1038/srep40842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms that accumulate calcium carbonate structures are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits of ecosystems reliant on these taxa. Since rising atmospheric CO2 is responsible for global warming and increasing ocean acidity, to correctly predict how OW and OA will affect marine organisms, their possible interactive effects must be assessed. Here we investigate, in the field, the combined temperature (range: 16–26 °C) and acidification (range: pHTS 8.1–7.4) effects on mortality and growth of Mediterranean coral species transplanted, in different seasonal periods, along a natural pH gradient generated by a CO2 vent. We show a synergistic adverse effect on mortality rates (up to 60%), for solitary and colonial, symbiotic and asymbiotic corals, suggesting that high seawater temperatures may have increased
their metabolic rates which, in conjunction with decreasing pH, could have led to rapid deterioration of cellular processes and performance. The net calcification rate of the symbiotic species was not affected by decreasing pH, regardless of temperature, while in the two asymbiotic species it was negatively affected by increasing acidification and temperature, suggesting that symbiotic corals may be more tolerant to increasing warming and acidifying conditions compared to asymbiotic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Mengoli
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, Via Capo di Lucca 34, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Brizi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,Museo Storico e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - P Fantazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,Museo Storico e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - B Capaccioni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - K E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - G Falini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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44
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Rao A, Cölfen H. On the biophysical regulation of mineral growth: Standing out from the crowd. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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