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Rashad M, Abd-Elnaiem AM, Hanafy T, Shaalan N, Shamekh A. Optical properties of functional Al2O3 nano-filler in eco-friendly PVA polymer for flexible optoelectronic devices. OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 141:113990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2023.113990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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2
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Zhang H, Zhang T, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen J. Lattice disorder influences the photocarrier dynamics in lead halide perovskites. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:875-880. [PMID: 36651318 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01212j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the structural impact of lead halide perovskites on photocarrier dynamics is essential for the associated solar cells but deficient in experimental visualization. In this study, with femtosecond spectroscopy, we for the first time explored the contribution of the disorder of the distorted PbX6 octahedrons and A-site cations on the carrier behaviours. It was found that photoinduced carriers recombine almost twice slower and diffuse 20% faster in the disordered, β-phased samples than in the ordered, γ-phased ones. Yet within the same phase, with a similar PbX6 orientation but various A-site mobility, the carrier diffusion and recombination have no apparent difference. Thus we firmly conclude that lattice disorder effectively influences the carrier dynamics and therein the Pb-X sublattice is worth more than A-site cations, which should inspire future lead halide perovskite design and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhang
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Taiyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yuetian Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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3
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Zhang H, Debroye E, Vina-Bausa B, Valli D, Fu S, Zheng W, Di Virgilio L, Gao L, Frost JM, Walsh A, Hofkens J, Wang HI, Bonn M. Stable Mott Polaron State Limits the Charge Density in Lead Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:420-428. [PMID: 36660369 PMCID: PMC9841606 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Large polarons are known to form in lead halide perovskites (LHPs). Photoinduced isolated polarons at low densities have been well-researched, but many-body interactions at elevated polaron densities, exceeding the Mott criterion (i.e., Mott polaron density), have remained elusive. Here, employing ultrafast terahertz spectroscopy, we identify a stable Mott polaron state in LHPs at which the polaron wavefunctions start to overlap. The Mott polaron density is determined to be ∼1018 cm-3, in good agreement with theoretical calculations based on the Feynman polaron model. The electronic phase transition across the Mott density is found to be universal in LHPs and independent of the constituent ions. Exceeding the Mott polaron density, excess photoinjected charge carriers annihilate quickly within tens to hundreds of picoseconds, before reaching the stable and long-lived Mott state. These results have considerable implications for LHP-based devices and for understanding exotic phenomena reported in LHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Beatriz Vina-Bausa
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Donato Valli
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Lei Gao
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
- School
of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, China
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, LondonSW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
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4
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Konda SR, Lin Y, Rajan RA, Yu W, Li W. Measurement of Optical Properties of CH 3NH 3PbX 3 (X = Br, I) Single Crystals Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16020610. [PMID: 36676346 PMCID: PMC9866690 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic lead bromide and iodide perovskite single crystals (PSCs) are potential candidates for terahertz applications. Herein, we performed terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the frequency range of 0.1-3.0 THz on different thicknesses of MAPbBr3 (0.3, 0.6, and 0.8 mm) and MAPbI3 (0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 1.3, and 2.3 mm). The measurements were carried out with respect to the position (along the focal area), azimuthal rotation of the PSCs, and incidence angles of the reference THz pulse on the PSCs' surface. Based on the transmitted THz pulses from PSCs from the above measurements, we calculated the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, dielectric constants, absorption coefficients, and dark conductivity. These optical parameters tend to increase with decreases in the PSCs' thicknesses. The transmission spectra of the terahertz electric field indicate that the measured optical properties do not vary significantly with the position and orientation of PSCs. The real parts of the refractive index and dielectric constants are higher than the imaginary values for both PSCs. On the other hand, a slight blueshift in the optical phonon vibrations corresponding to Pb-Br/I-Pb and Pb-Br/I bonds is observed with an increase in thickness. Interestingly, the phonon vibrations do not vary with the incidence angle of the THz pulses on the same crystal's surface. The optical parameters based on THz-TDS reveal that the PSCs satisfy the requirement for tunable THz devices which need suitable, sensitive, and stable absorption properties between 0.1 and 3 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weili Yu
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (W.Y.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Li
- Correspondence: (S.R.K.); (W.Y.); (W.L.)
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5
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Yao L, Lou X, Sui N, Zhang W, Xiao H, Chi X, Zhang HZ, Wang Y. Activity enhancement of a photo-generated carrier in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals improved by Cd element. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39840-39848. [PMID: 36298926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Doping Cd element into perovskite materials is an effective strategy to improve the photoelectric property. However, the further discussion for carrier dynamic behavior in perovskites affected by Cd element remains not sufficient. In this research letter, based on steady and transient spectroscopy, it is found that adding Cd element into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can enhance the activity of photo-generated carriers and accompany with the optimization of crystal structure. The former improves the carrier heating effect, which makes carrier keep high temperature for a long time and accelerate the bimolecular and the Auger recombination simultaneously. The latter can restrict the monomolecular recombination through passivating the defect states. Finally, they together improve the photoluminescence characteristics of the Cd doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and make them exhibit a huge potential in the fields of optoelectronics or photo-catalysis.
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6
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Jin Z, Peng Y, Fang Y, Ye Z, Fan Z, Liu Z, Bao X, Gao H, Ren W, Wu J, Ma G, Chen Q, Zhang C, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y, Zhuang S. Photoinduced large polaron transport and dynamics in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite with terahertz probes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:209. [PMID: 35794097 PMCID: PMC9259629 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. The long photocarrier lifetime and moderate carrier mobility have been proposed as results of the large polaron formation in MHPs. However, it is challenging to measure the effective mass and carrier scattering parameters of the photogenerated large polarons in the ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics. Here, we show, in a one-step spectroscopic method, that the optical-pump and terahertz-electromagnetic probe (OPTP) technique allows us to access the nature of interplay of photoexcited unbound charge carriers and optical phonons in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) of about 10 μm grain size. Firstly, we demonstrate a direct spectral evidence of the large polarons in polycrystalline MAPbI3. Using the Drude-Smith-Lorentz model along with the Frӧhlich-type electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, we determine the effective mass and scattering parameters of photogenerated polaronic carriers. We discover that the resulting moderate polaronic carrier mobility is mainly influenced by the enhanced carrier scattering, rather than the polaron mass enhancement. While, the formation of large polarons in MAPbI3 polycrystalline grains results in a long charge carrier lifetime at room temperature. Our results provide crucial information about the photo-physics of MAPbI3 and are indispensable for optoelectronic device development with better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanming Jin
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yuqing Fang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yutian Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Alexey V Balakin
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander P Shkurinov
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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7
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Yuan Y, Yan G, Hong R, Liang Z, Kirchartz T. Quantifying Efficiency Limitations in All-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108132. [PMID: 35014106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While halide perovskites have excellent optoelectronic properties, their poor stability is a major obstacle toward commercialization. There is a strong interest to move away from organic A-site cations such as methylammonium and formamidinium toward Cs with the aim of improving thermal stability of the perovskite layers. While the optoelectronic properties and the device performance of Cs-based all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites are very good, they are still trailing behind those of perovskites that use organic cations. Here, the state-of-the-art of all-inorganic perovskites for photovoltaic applications is reviewed by performing detailed meta-analyses of key performance parameters on the cell and material level. Key material properties such as carrier mobilities, external photoluminescence quantum efficiency, and photoluminescence lifetime are discussed and what is known about defect tolerance in all-inorganic is compared relative to hybrid (organic-inorganic) perovskites. Subsequently, a unified approach is adopted for analyzing performance losses in perovskite solar cells based on breaking down the losses into several figures of merit representing recombination losses, resistive losses, and optical losses. Based on this detailed loss analysis, guidelines are eventually developed for future performance improvement of all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Genghua Yan
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ruijiang Hong
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zongcun Liang
- Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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8
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Photo-induced enhancement of lattice fluctuations in metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1019. [PMID: 35197455 PMCID: PMC8866428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are affected by lattice fluctuations. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in state-of-the-art mixed-cation MHPs ultrafast photo-induced bandgap narrowing occurs with a linear to super-linear dependence on the excited carrier density ranging from 1017 cm-3 to above 1018 cm-3. Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy reveals carrier localization increases with carrier density. Both observations, the anomalous dependence of the bandgap narrowing and the increased carrier localization can be rationalized by photo-induced lattice fluctuations. The magnitude of the photo-induced lattice fluctuations depends on the intrinsic instability of the MHP lattice. Our findings provide insight into ultrafast processes in MHPs following photoexcitation and thus help to develop a concise picture of the ultrafast photophysics of this important class of emerging semiconductors.
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9
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Capitaine A, Sciacca B. Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102588. [PMID: 34652035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite solar cells have been gaining more and more interest. In only a decade, huge research efforts from interdisciplinary communities enabled enormous scientific advances that rapidly led to energy conversion efficiency near that of record silicon solar cells, at an unprecedented pace. However, while for most materials the best solar cells were achieved with single crystals (SC), for perovskite the best cells have been so far achieved with polycrystalline (PC) thin films, despite the optoelectronic properties of perovskite SC are undoubtedly superior. Here, by taking as example monocrystalline methylammonium lead halide, the authors elaborate the literature from material synthesis and characterization to device fabrication and testing, to provide with plausible explanations for the relatively low efficiency, despite the superior optoelectronics performance. In particular, the authors focus on how solar cell performance is affected by anisotropy, crystal orientation, surface termination, interfaces, and device architecture. It is argued that, to unleash the full potential of monocrystalline perovskite, a holistic approach is needed in the design of next-generation device architecture. This would unquestionably lead to power conversion efficiency higher than those of PC perovskites and silicon solar cells, with tremendous impact on the swift deployment of renewable energy on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Capitaine
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Marseille, 13288, France
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10
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Zheng X, Hopper TR, Gorodetsky A, Maimaris M, Xu W, Martin BAA, Frost JM, Bakulin AA. Multipulse Terahertz Spectroscopy Unveils Hot Polaron Photoconductivity Dynamics in Metal-Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8732-8739. [PMID: 34478291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot carriers in metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) present a foundation for understanding carrier-phonon coupling in the materials as well as the prospective development of high-performance hot carrier photovoltaics. While the carrier population dynamics during cooling have been scrutinized, the evolution of the hot carrier properties, namely mobility, remains largely unexplored. Here we introduce novel ultrafast visible pump-infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy to monitor the real-time conductivity dynamics of cooling carriers in methylammonium lead iodide. We find a decrease in mobility upon optically re-exciting the carriers, as expected for band transport. Surprisingly, the conductivity recovery is incommensurate with the hot carrier population dynamics measured by infrared probe and exhibits a negligible dependence on the hot carrier density. Our results reveal the importance of localized lattice heating toward the hot carrier mobility. This collective polaron-lattice phenomenon may contribute to the unusual photophysics of MHPs and should be accounted for in hot carrier devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley A A Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Wei X, Zhao W, Wang W, Wang M, Zheng T, Liu H, Lu J, Ni Z. Spectroscopic Perception of Trap States on the Performance of Methylammonium and Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102241. [PMID: 34339058 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficiency and stability of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) solar cells, doping has been demonstrated as a straightforward method. Nevertheless, the perception of trap states regulated by doping and their effects on the performance of solar cells is not in-depth. Herein, typical OIHPs (CH3 NH3 PbI3 and Cs0.05 FA0.85 MA0.10 Pb(I0.97 Br0.03 )3 ) doped with RbI are employed to expound the doping mechanism in affecting the efficiency of devices. Systematic spectroscopic characterizations indicate that doping significantly influences the photocarrier dynamics via directly regulating the trap states. The results indicate that doping would reduce the trap density by passivating defects and induce extra trapping centers. This directly manipulates the transient transport of the photocarriers and finally influences the output of devices. The optimization of solar cell performance requires the tradeoff of competitive relation between the passivation and introduction of trapping centers. The results provide the spectroscopic perception on how doping concentration affects trap density, carrier dynamics, transport behavior, and ultimately the parameters of devices. It provides a straightforward guidance to the design and optimization of OIHP-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Xin Wei
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Mengchen Wang
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab on Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junpeng Lu
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- School of Physics and Key Laboratory of MEMS of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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12
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Tan Q, Wang Q, Zhang C, Gao K, Wang Y, Qing C, Liu Y, Yu D. Termination dependence and electric field modification of band alignment in a CNT/CH 3NH 3PbI 3 heterojunction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9249-9258. [PMID: 33885070 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) and perovskite composite materials possessing the combined advantages of CNTs and perovskites have drawn substantial attention due to their promising applications in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Understanding the band alignment of heterojunctions is crucial for further performance improvement. Here, we systematically investigated the interfacial electronic structure and optical absorption of a semiconducting CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction via density functional theory calculations. It was found that the CNT/PbI2-terminated CH3NH3PbI3 (001) surface heterojunction is a type-I band alignment, while the CNT/CH3NH3I-terminated CH3NH3PbI3 (001) surface heterojunction is a type-II band alignment, suggesting the different charge carrier transfer processes as well as termination dependence of band alignment in the CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction. Further investigation indicated that applying electric fields can modify the band alignment type in the CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction. Our results provide the first insight into the interfacial electronic structure of the CNT/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction, which may give a new route for designing optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Tan
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Kunming 650500, China.
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13
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Qin J, Liu XK, Yin C, Gao F. Carrier Dynamics and Evaluation of Lasing Actions in Halide Perovskites. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Xu WL, Zheng M, Bian W, Ding C, Chen L, Xiao J. Photophysical properties of micron-sized CH3NH3PbBr3 single crystals. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Okochi H, Katsuki H, Tsubouchi M, Itakura R, Yanagi H. Photon Energy-Dependent Ultrafast Photoinduced Terahertz Response in a Microcrystalline Film of CH 3NH 3PbBr 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6068-6076. [PMID: 32635728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is applied for a microcrystalline film of methylammonium lead bromide perovskite, CH3NH3PbBr3, to observe the carrier dynamics around the band edge. The ultrafast response of the transmitted THz electric field amplitude after carrier generation is modeled with a biexponential curve with ∼5 and 180 ps time constants, which are ascribed to Auger and electron-hole recombination processes, respectively. From the pump photon energy dependence of the time evolution of the THz electric field amplitude, it is shown that the bound exciton states and free interband excited carrier states show a clearly different temporal response. These measurements support the idea that the bound excitons generated in CH3NH3PbBr3 remain as stable excitons even at room temperature (RT). This is in clear contrast to the cases in CH3NH3PbI3 in which the excitons and band-edge free carriers are interchangeable at RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Okochi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Photo-molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tsubouchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ryuji Itakura
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hisao Yanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
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16
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Thongnum A, Pinsook U. Polaron transport in hybrid CH 3NH 3PbI 3 perovskite thin films. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14112-14119. [PMID: 32597440 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03432k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the transport properties of a prototypical CH3NH3PbI3 thin film is presented. The polaron-longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering mechanism, based on Low-Pines's polaron mobility, was studied to elucidate the charge-carrier mobility. We found that the calculated mobilities showed very good quantitative agreement with the experimental data measured in thin film samples using photoconductivity techniques. In THz mobility, the calculated results yielded room-temperature (RT) mobilities of ∼650 cm2 V-1 s-1 (single crystal) and ∼220 cm2 V-1 s-1 (disordered thin film) at a low quantum yield (φ) and 32 cm2 V-1 s-1 (high-quality thin film) at φ = 1. The dynamic disorder due to organic reorientation was included in the calculations. Its effect provided a power law mobility of μ ∝ Tm and satisfactorily supported temperature-dependent mobility over the temperature range of 80-370 K. In the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, the charge-carrier mobilities with dynamic disorder were approximately 47% and 22% lower than those obtained from phases without dynamic disorder. The RT mobility was 26 cm2 V-1 s-1 at φ = 1. In the low-temperature orthorhombic phase, the structural phase transition was considered. The mobility followed a power law with m = -1.7. In the tetragonal and cubic phases, the mobility also followed a power law, but with m = -1.1, which is an intermediate range in optical phonon scattering. When combined with recent theoretical analysis, we also found three limitations of power law mobility with exponents between -0.46 and -1.1 for polaron-LO phonon scattering, -1.2 and -1.6 for bare carrier-LO phonon scattering, and -1.7 and -2.0 for carrier scattering off optical phonons and lattice fluctuations. This work not only provides a description of temperature-dependent mobility in CH3NH3PbI3 thin films, but also gives new insights into THz photoconductivity and the relationship between LO phonon scattering and power law mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusit Thongnum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. and Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Udomsilp Pinsook
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand and Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
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17
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Brauer JC, Tsokkou D, Sanchez S, Droseros N, Roose B, Mosconi E, Hua X, Stolterfoht M, Neher D, Steiner U, De Angelis F, Abate A, Banerji N. Comparing the excited-state properties of a mixed-cation–mixed-halide perovskite to methylammonium lead iodide. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:104703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Demetra Tsokkou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandy Sanchez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Droseros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bart Roose
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Xiao Hua
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-St. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-St. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Ren H, Ren X, Niu K, Wang S, Huang Z, Wu X. Optical-electrical-thermal optimization of plasmon-enhanced perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17068-17074. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We established an optical-electrical-thermal model that improves the electrical properties of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xingang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Kaikun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xianliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing & Signal Processing
- Ministry of Education, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
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19
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Jiang Y, Wang X, Pan A. Properties of Excitons and Photogenerated Charge Carriers in Metal Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806671. [PMID: 31106917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have recently attracted great attention from the scientific community due to their excellent photovoltaic performance as well as their tremendous potential for other optoelectronic applications such as light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. Despite the rapid progress in device applications, a solid understanding of the photophysical properties behind the device performance is highly desirable for MHPs. Here, the properties of excitons and photogenerated charge carriers in MHPs are explored. The unique dielectric constant properties, crystal-liquid duality, and fundamental optical processes of MHPs are first discussed. The properties of excitons and related phenomena in MHPs are then detailed, including the exciton binding energy determined by various methods and their influence factors, exciton dynamics, exciton-photon coupling and related applications, and exciton-phonon coupling in MHPs. The properties of photogenerated free charge carriers in MHPs such as the carrier diffusion length, mobility, and recombination are described. Recent progress in various applications is also demonstrated. Finally, a conclusion and perspectives of future studies for MHPs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410012, China
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20
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Zhao D, Hu H, Haselsberger R, Marcus RA, Michel-Beyerle ME, Lam YM, Zhu JX, La-O-Vorakiat C, Beard MC, Chia EEM. Monitoring Electron-Phonon Interactions in Lead Halide Perovskites Using Time-Resolved THz Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8826-8835. [PMID: 31348643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite semiconductors have low-frequency phonon modes within the lead halide sublattice and thus are considered to be soft. The soft lattice is considered to be important in defining their interesting optoelectronic properties. Electron-phonon coupling governs hot-carrier relaxation, carrier mobilities, carrier lifetimes, among other important electronic characteristics. Directly observing the interplay between free charge carriers and phonons can provide details on how phonons impact these properties (e.g., exciton populations and other collective modes). Here, we observe a delicate interplay among carriers, phonons, and excitons in mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite films by simultaneously resolving the contribution of charge carriers and phonons in time-resolved terahertz photoconductivity spectra. We are able to observe directly the increase in phonon population during carrier cooling and discuss how thermal equilibrium populations of carriers and phonons modulate the carrier transport properties, as well as reduce the population of carriers within band tails. We are also able to observe directly the formation of free charge carriers when excitons interact with phonons and dissociate and to describe how free carriers and exciton populations exchange through phonon interactions. Finally, we also time-resolve how the carriers are screened via the Coulomb interaction at low and room temperatures. Our studies shed light on how charge carriers interact with the low-energy phonons and discuss implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Reinhard Haselsberger
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Rudolph A Marcus
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
- Noyes Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Maria-Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Chan La-O-Vorakiat
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
- Theoretical and Computational Science Center (TaCS) , KMUTT , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Science Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Elbert E M Chia
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
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21
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Cinquanta E, Meggiolaro D, Motti SG, Gandini M, Alcocer MJP, Akkerman QA, Vozzi C, Manna L, De Angelis F, Petrozza A, Stagira S. Ultrafast THz Probe of Photoinduced Polarons in Lead-Halide Perovskites. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:166601. [PMID: 31075027 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.166601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We study the nature of photoexcited charge carriers in CsPbBr_{3} nanocrystal thin films by ultrafast optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. We observe a deviation from a pure Drude dispersion of the THz dielectric response that is ascribed to the polaronic nature of carriers; a transient blueshift of observed phonon frequencies is indicative of the coupling between photogenerated charges and stretching-bending modes of the deformed inorganic sublattice, as confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Cinquanta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Gandini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcelo J P Alcocer
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Solid State Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Quinten A Akkerman
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Caterina Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari (ISTM-CNR), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stagira
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133, Milano, Italy
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22
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Contactless measurements of photocarrier transport properties in perovskite single crystals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1591. [PMID: 30962444 PMCID: PMC6453944 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable properties of metal halide perovskites arising from their impressive charge carrier diffusion lengths have led to rapid advances in solution-processed optoelectronics. Unfortunately, diffusion lengths reported in perovskite single crystals have ranged widely - from 3 μm to 3 mm - for ostensibly similar materials. Here we report a contactless method to measure the carrier mobility and further extract the diffusion length: our approach avoids both the effects of contact resistance and those of high electric field. We vary the density of quenchers - epitaxially included within perovskite single crystals - and report the dependence of excited state lifetime in the perovskite on inter-quencher spacing. Our results are repeatable and self-consistent (i.e. they agree on diffusion length for many different quencher concentrations) to within ± 6%. Using this method, we obtain a diffusion length in metal-halide perovskites of 2.6 μm ± 0.1 μm.
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23
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Meng R, Wu G, Zhou J, Zhou H, Fang H, Loi MA, Zhang Y. Understanding the Impact of Bismuth Heterovalent Doping on the Structural and Photophysical Properties of CH
3
NH
3
PbBr
3
Halide Perovskite Crystals with Near‐IR Photoluminescence. Chemistry 2019; 25:5480-5488. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Meng
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University No. 37 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 P.R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center, for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Guangbao Wu
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University No. 37 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University No. 37 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 P.R. China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationCAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center, for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Honghua Fang
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Biomedical EngineeringBeihang University No. 37 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 P.R. China
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24
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Wang H, Cheng G, Xie J, Zhao S, Qin M, Chan CCS, Qiu Y, Chen G, Duan C, Wong KS, Wang J, Lu X, Xu J, Yan K. Bulk Heterojunction Quasi-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cell with 1.18 V High Photovoltage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2935-2943. [PMID: 30585488 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent quasi-two-dimensional perovskites (Q-2DPs) have efficient luminescence and improved stability, which are highly desirable for light-emitting diode and perovskite solar cell (PSC). However, the lack of radiative recombination at room temperature is still not well understood and the performance of PSC is not good enough as well. The open-circuit voltage ( VOC) is even lower than that of three-dimensional (3D) PSC with a narrower band gap. In this work, we study the energy transfer of excitons between their multiple components by time-resolved photoluminescence and find that charge transfer from high-energy states to low-energy state is gradually suppressed during elevating temperature owing to trap-mediated recombination. This may reveal the bottleneck of luminescence at room temperature in Q-2DPs, leading to large photovoltage loss in 2D PSC. Therefore, we develop a p-i-n bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure to reduce the nonradiative recombination and obtain high VOC of 1.18 V for (PMA)2MA4Pb5I15Cl (33.3% PMA) BHJ device, much higher than that of the planar counterparts. The enhanced efficiency is attributed to the improved exciton dissociation via BHJ interface. Our results provide an important step toward high VOC and stable 2D PSCs, which could be used for tandem solar cell and colorful photovoltaic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Christopher C S Chan
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Yongcai Qiu
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Guangxu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
| | - Kam Sing Wong
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Department of Physics , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Kowloon , Hong Kong 999077 , P. R. China
| | | | | | - Keyou Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P. R. China
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25
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Gao Y, Zhao L, Shang Q, Zhong Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Zhang Z, Shi J, Du W, Zhang Y, Chen S, Gao P, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang Q. Ultrathin CsPbX 3 Nanowire Arrays with Strong Emission Anisotropy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801805. [PMID: 29923237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
1D nanowires of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites represent a good architecture for the development of polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices due to their high absorption efficient, emission yield, and dielectric constants. However, among as-fabricated perovskite nanowires with the lateral dimensions of hundreds nanometers so far, the optical anisotropy is hindered and rarely explored owing to the invalidating of electrostatic dielectric mismatch in the physical dimensions. Here, well-aligned CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 nanowires with thickness T down to 15 and 7 nm, respectively, are synthesized using a vapor phase van der Waals epitaxial method. Strong emission anisotropy with polarization ratio up to ≈0.78 is demonstrated in the nanowires with T < 40 nm due to the electrostatic dielectric confinement. With the increasing of thickness, the polarization ratio remarkably reduces monotonously to ≈0.17 until T ≈140 nm; and further oscillates in a small amplitude owing to the wave characteristic of light. These findings not only represent a demonstration of perovskite-based polarization-sensitive light sources, but also advance fundamental understanding of their polarization properties of perovskite nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenna Du
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xina Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Ferro and Piezoelectric Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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First-Principles Investigation on the Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Cs-Doped CH₃NH₃PbI₃. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071141. [PMID: 29976884 PMCID: PMC6073488 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide, CH3NH3PbI3, is currently a front-runner as light absorber in hybrid solar cells. Despite the high conversion efficiency, the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 is still a major obstacle for commercialization application. In this work, the geometry, electronic structure, thermodynamic, and mechanical property of pure and Cs-doped CH3NH3PbI3 have been systematically studied by first-principles calculations within the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). Our studies suggest that the (CH3NH3)+ organic group takes a random orientation in perovskite lattice due to the minor difference of orientation energy. However, the local ordered arrangement of CH3NH3+ is energetic favorable, which causes the formation of electronic dipole domain. The band edge states of pure and Cs-doped CH3NH3PbI3 are determined by (PbI6)− group, while A-site (CH3NH3)+ or Cs+ influences the structural stability and electronic level through Jahn–Teller effect. It has been demonstrated that a suitable concentration of Cs can enhance both thermodynamic and mechanical stability of CH3NH3PbI3 without deteriorating the conversion efficiency. Accordingly, this work clarifies the nature of electronic and mechanical properties of Cs-doped CH3NH3PbI3, and is conducive to the future design of high efficiency and stable hybrid perovskite photovoltaic materials.
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27
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Nakazaki J, Segawa H. Evolution of organometal halide solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Shi H, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhang X. Phonon mode transformation in size-evolved solution-processed inorganic lead halide perovskite. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:9892-9898. [PMID: 29594286 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead halide perovskites have attracted significant scientific attention in the fields of photovoltaics, light emitting diodes, lasers, photo-detectors and other optoelectronic functional devices. The most stable crystal form of lead halide perovskites is the cube, including nano-cube and micro-cube, which hold great promise as functional materials due to their combination of unique optoelectronic properties and versatility through colloidal synthesis. Herein, we report the solution-processed synthesis of pure inorganic lead halide nano-cubes- and micro-cubes-based colloidal perovskites. The different size of cubes either into nano-cube or micro-cube are demonstrated that their phonon mode transformation which means the perovskite crystal structure phase change cross the nano-cube to micro-cube. The solution-processed colloidal synthesis method and phonon-mode transformation from nano-cube to micro-cube make pure inorganic lead halide perovskite an ideal platform for fundamental optoelectronic studies and the investigation of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Shi
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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29
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Serpetzoglou E, Konidakis I, Kakavelakis G, Maksudov T, Kymakis E, Stratakis E. Improved Carrier Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells Probed by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43910-43919. [PMID: 29188719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films have been deposited on glass/indium tin oxide/hole transport layer (HTL) substrates, utilizing two different materials as the HTLs. In the first configuration, the super hydrophilic polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate), known as PEDOT:PSS, was employed as the HTL material, whereas in the second case, the nonwetting poly(triarylamine) semiconductor polymer, known as PTAA, was used. It was found that when PTAA is used as the HTL material, the averaged power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remarkably increases from 12.60 to 15.67%. To explore the mechanism behind this enhancement, the aforementioned perovskite/HTL arrangements were investigated by time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) performed under inert conditions. By means of TAS, the charge transfer, carrier trapping, and hole injection dynamics from the photoexcited perovskite layers to the HTL can be directly monitored via the characteristic bleaching profile of the perovskite at ∼750 nm. TAS studies revealed faster relaxation times and decay dynamics when the PTAA polymer is employed, which potentially account for the enhanced PCE observed. The TAS results are correlated with the structure and crystalline quality of the corresponding perovskite films, investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, micro-photoluminescence, and transmittance spectroscopy. It is concluded that TAS is a benchmark technique for the understanding of the carrier transport mechanisms in PSCs and constitutes a figure-of-merit tool toward their efficiency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymis Serpetzoglou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konidakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Temur Maksudov
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics, Electrical Engineering Department, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete , 71004 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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30
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Ashhab S, Voznyy O, Hoogland S, Sargent EH, Madjet ME. Effect of disorder on transport properties in a tight-binding model for lead halide perovskites. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8902. [PMID: 28827757 PMCID: PMC5566430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have emerged as remarkable materials for photovoltaic applications. Their strengths include good electric transport properties in spite of the disorder inherent in them. Motivated by this observation, we analyze the effects of disorder on the energy eigenstates of a tight-binding model of these materials. In particular, we analyze the spatial extension of the energy eigenstates, which is quantified by the inverse participation ratio. This parameter exhibits a tendency, and possibly a phase transition, to localization as the on-site energy disorder strength is increased. However, we argue that the disorder in the lead halide perovskites corresponds to a point in the regime of highly delocalized states. Our results also suggest that the electronic states of mixed-halide materials tend to be more localized than those of pure materials, which suggests a weaker tendency to form extended bonding states in the mixed-halide materials and is therefore not favourable for halide mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashhab
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - O Voznyy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - S Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - E H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - M E Madjet
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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31
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Manjappa M, Srivastava YK, Solanki A, Kumar A, Sum TC, Singh R. Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites for Ultrasensitive Photoactive Switching in Terahertz Metamaterial Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605881. [PMID: 28640462 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent meteoric rise in the field of photovoltaics with the discovery of highly efficient solar-cell devices is inspired by solution-processed organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites that exhibit unprecedented light-to-electricity conversion efficiencies. The stunning performance of perovskites is attributed to their strong photoresponsive properties that are thoroughly utilized in designing excellent perovskite solar cells, light-emitting diodes, infrared lasers, and ultrafast photodetectors. However, optoelectronic application of halide perovskites in realizing highly efficient subwavelength photonic devices has remained a challenge. Here, the remarkable photoconductivity of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites is exploited to demonstrate a hybrid perovskite-metamaterial device that shows extremely low power photoswitching of the metamaterial resonances in the terahertz part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, a signature of a coupled phonon-metamaterial resonance is observed at higher pump powers, where the Fano resonance amplitude is extremely weak. In addition, a low threshold, dynamic control of the highly confined electric field intensity is also observed in the system, which could tremendously benefit the new generation of subwavelength photonic devices as active sensors, low threshold optically controlled lasers, and active nonlinear devices with enhanced functionalities in the infrared, optical, and the terahertz parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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32
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Lee KJ, Xiao Y, Woo JH, Kim E, Kreher D, Attias AJ, Mathevet F, Ribierre JC, Wu JW, André P. Charge-transfer dynamics and nonlocal dielectric permittivity tuned with metamaterial structures as solvent analogues. NATURE MATERIALS 2017; 16:722-729. [PMID: 28581481 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer (CT) is a fundamental and ubiquitous mechanism in biology, physics and chemistry. Here, we evidence that CT dynamics can be altered by multi-layered hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) substrates. Taking triphenylene:perylene diimide dyad supramolecular self-assemblies as a model system, we reveal longer-lived CT states in the presence of HMM structures, with both charge separation and recombination characteristic times increased by factors of 2.4 and 1.7-that is, relative variations of 140 and 73%, respectively. To rationalize these experimental results in terms of driving force, we successfully introduce image dipole interactions in Marcus theory. The non-local effect herein demonstrated is directly linked to the number of metal-dielectric pairs, can be formalized in the dielectric permittivity, and is presented as a solid analogue to local solvent polarity effects. This model and extra PH3T:PC60BM results show the generality of this non-local phenomenon and that a wide range of kinetic tailoring opportunities can arise from substrate engineering. This work paves the way toward the design of artificial substrates to control CT dynamics of interest for applications in optoelectronics and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Yiming Xiao
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jae Heun Woo
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- Center for Length, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Eunsun Kim
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - David Kreher
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André-Jean Attias
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Mathevet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Charles Ribierre
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Jeong Weon Wu
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Pascal André
- Department of Physics, CNRS-Ewha International Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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33
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Luo L, Men L, Liu Z, Mudryk Y, Zhao X, Yao Y, Park JM, Shinar R, Shinar J, Ho KM, Perakis IE, Vela J, Wang J. Ultrafast terahertz snapshots of excitonic Rydberg states and electronic coherence in an organometal halide perovskite. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15565. [PMID: 28569753 PMCID: PMC5461501 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How photoexcitations evolve into Coulomb-bound electron and hole pairs, called excitons, and unbound charge carriers is a key cross-cutting issue in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Until now, the initial quantum dynamics following photoexcitation remains elusive in the hybrid perovskite system. Here we reveal excitonic Rydberg states with distinct formation pathways by observing the multiple resonant, internal quantum transitions using ultrafast terahertz quasi-particle transport. Nonequilibrium emergent states evolve with a complex co-existence of excitons, carriers and phonons, where a delayed buildup of excitons under on- and off-resonant pumping conditions allows us to distinguish between the loss of electronic coherence and hot state cooling processes. The nearly ∼1 ps dephasing time, efficient electron scattering with discrete terahertz phonons and intermediate binding energy of ∼13.5 meV in perovskites are distinct from conventional photovoltaic semiconductors. In addition to providing implications for coherent energy conversion, these are potentially relevant to the development of light-harvesting and electron-transport devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Long Men
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yaroslav Mudryk
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yongxin Yao
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Joong M. Park
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Ruth Shinar
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Joseph Shinar
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Ilias E. Perakis
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
| | - Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Division of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Jigang Wang
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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34
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Li F, Wang H, Kufer D, Liang L, Yu W, Alarousu E, Ma C, Li Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Wei N, Wang F, Chen L, Mohammed OF, Fratalocchi A, Liu X, Konstantatos G, Wu T. Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility Achieved in Photoresponsive Hybrid Perovskite Films via Coupling with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28225207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Organolead trihalide perovskites have drawn substantial interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications due to their remarkable physical properties and low processing cost. However, perovskite thin films suffer from low carrier mobility as a result of their structural imperfections such as grain boundaries and pinholes, limiting their device performance and application potential. Here we demonstrate a simple and straightforward synthetic strategy based on coupling perovskite films with embedded single-walled carbon nanotubes. We are able to significantly enhance the hole and electron mobilities of the perovskite film to record-high values of 595.3 and 108.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. Such a synergistic effect can be harnessed to construct ambipolar phototransistors with an ultrahigh detectivity of 3.7 × 1014 Jones and a responsivity of 1 × 104 A W-1 , on a par with the best devices available to date. The perovskite/carbon nanotube hybrids should provide a platform that is highly desirable for fields as diverse as optoelectronics, solar energy conversion, and molecular sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominik Kufer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Liangliang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Weili Yu
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkki Alarousu
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chun Ma
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yangyang Li
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changxu Liu
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nini Wei
- Core lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Fratalocchi
- PRIMALIGHT, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gerasimos Konstantatos
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tom Wu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Spina M, Mihály L, Holczer K, Náfrádi B, Pisoni A, Forró L, Horváth E. Photodiode Response in a CH 3NH 3PbI 3/CH 3NH 3SnI 3 Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10198-10202. [PMID: 28098971 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we report another surprising feature of the methylammonium metal halide material family, the phototunability of the diode response of a heterojunction made of CH3NH3PbI3 and its close relative, CH3NH3SnI3. In the dark state the device behaves as a diode, with the Sn homologue acting as the "p" side. The junction is extremely sensitive to illumination. A complete reversal of the diode polarity, the first observation of its kind, is seen when the junction is exposed to red laser light of 25 mW/cm2 or larger power density. This finding opens up the possibility for a novel class of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Spina
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Mihály
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York 11790, United States
| | - Károly Holczer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA , Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, United States
| | - Bálint Náfrádi
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Pisoni
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - László Forró
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Endre Horváth
- Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Li D, Cheng HC, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Wang G, Wu H, He Q, Huang Y, Duan X. The Effect of Thermal Annealing on Charge Transport in Organolead Halide Perovskite Microplate Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 27859707 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of unipolar n-type semiconductor behavior to ambipolar and finally to unipolar p-type behavior in CH3 NH3 PbI3 microplate field-effect transistors by thermal annealing is reported. The photoluminescence spectra essentially maintain the same features before and after the thermal annealing process, demonstrating that the charge transport measurement provides a sensitive way to probe low-concentration defects in perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hung-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yiliu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zipeng Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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37
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Peng J, Chen Y, Zheng K, Pullerits T, Liang Z. Insights into charge carrier dynamics in organo-metal halide perovskites: from neat films to solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5714-5729. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00942e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Various transport measurements for perovskites are reviewed with profound insights into charge dynamics from neat films to solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Peng
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yani Chen
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
- Gas Processing Center
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund
- Lund University
- 22100 Lund
- Sweden
| | - Ziqi Liang
- Department of Materials Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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38
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Liu S, Wang L, Lin WC, Sucharitakul S, Burda C, Gao XPA. Imaging the Long Transport Lengths of Photo-generated Carriers in Oriented Perovskite Films. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:7925-7929. [PMID: 27960525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite has emerged as a promising material for solar cells and optoelectronics. Although the long diffusion length of photogenerated carriers is believed to be a critical factor responsible for the material's high efficiency in solar cells, a direct study of carrier transport over long distances in organometal halide perovskites is still lacking. We fabricated highly oriented crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) thin-film lateral transport devices with long channel length (∼120 μm). By performing spatially scanned photocurrent imaging measurements with local illumination, we directly show that the perovskite films prepared here have very long transport lengths for photogenerated carriers, with a minority carrier (electron) diffusion length on the order of 10 μm. Our approach of applying scanning photocurrent microscopy to organometal halide perovskites may be further used to elucidate the carrier transport processes and the vastly different carrier diffusion lengths (∼100 nm to 100 μm) in different types of organometal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Liu
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Wei-Chun Lin
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sukrit Sucharitakul
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Xuan P A Gao
- Department of Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University , 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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39
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Ma L, Hao F, Stoumpos CC, Phelan BT, Wasielewski MR, Kanatzidis MG. Carrier Diffusion Lengths of over 500 nm in Lead-Free Perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 Films. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14750-14755. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Feng Hao
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Constantinos C. Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry,
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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40
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Wang H, Valkunas L, Cao T, Whittaker-Brooks L, Fleming GR. Coulomb Screening and Coherent Phonon in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3284-3289. [PMID: 27485190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) hybrid perovskite in the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases have different exciton binding energies and demonstrate different excitation kinetics. Here, we explore the role that crystal structure plays in the kinetics via fluence dependent transient absorption spectroscopy. We observe stronger saturation of the free carrier concentration under high pump energy density in the orthorhombic phase relative to the tetragonal phase. We attribute this phenomenon to small dielectric constant, large exciton binding energy, and weak Coulomb screening, which results in difficult exciton dissociation under high light intensity in the orthorhombic phase. At higher excitation intensities, we observe a coherent phonon with an oscillation frequency of 23.4 cm(-1) at 77 K, whose amplitude tracks the increase of the first-order lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the UC California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Theoretical Physics Department, Vilnius University , Vilnius 10222, Lithuania
- Molecular Compound Physics Department, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Vilnius 10222, Lithuania
| | - Thu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the UC California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the UC California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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41
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Yettapu GR, Talukdar D, Sarkar S, Swarnkar A, Nag A, Ghosh P, Mandal P. Terahertz Conductivity within Colloidal CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals: Remarkably High Carrier Mobilities and Large Diffusion Lengths. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4838-48. [PMID: 27367476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as an excellent light emitting material in last one year. Using time domain and time-resolved THz spectroscopy and density functional theory based calculations, we establish 3-fold free carrier recombination mechanism, namely, nonradiative Auger, bimolecular electron-hole recombination, and inefficient trap-assisted recombination in 11 nm sized colloidal CsPbBr3 NCs. Our results confirm a negligible influence of surface defects in trapping charge carriers, which in turn results into desirable intrinsic transport properties, from the perspective of device applications, such as remarkably high carrier mobility (∼4500 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), large diffusion length (>9.2 μm), and high luminescence quantum yield (80%). Despite being solution processed and possessing a large surface to volume ratio, this combination of high carrier mobility and diffusion length, along with nearly ideal photoluminescence quantum yield, is unique compared to any other colloidal quantum dot system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurivi Reddy Yettapu
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Debnath Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Sohini Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Abhishek Swarnkar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
| | - Pankaj Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Pune, India , 411008
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42
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Gong J, Yang M, Ma X, Schaller RD, Liu G, Kong L, Yang Y, Beard MC, Lesslie M, Dai Y, Huang B, Zhu K, Xu T. Electron-Rotor Interaction in Organic-Inorganic Lead Iodide Perovskites Discovered by Isotope Effects. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2879-87. [PMID: 27396858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the carrier-rotor coupling effect in perovskite organic-inorganic hybrid lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) compounds discovered by isotope effects. Deuterated organic-inorganic perovskite compounds including CH3ND3PbI3, CD3NH3PbI3, and CD3ND3PbI3 were synthesized. Devices made from regular CH3NH3PbI3 and deuterated CH3ND3PbI3 exhibit comparable performance in band gap, current-voltage, carrier mobility, and power conversion efficiency. However, a time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) study reveals that CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits notably longer carrier lifetime than that of CH3ND3PbI3, in both thin-film and single-crystal formats. Furthermore, the comparison in carrier lifetime between CD3NH3PbI3 and CH3ND3PbI3 single crystals suggests that vibrational modes in methylammonium (MA(+)) have little impact on carrier lifetime. In contrast, the fully deuterated compound CD3ND3PbI3 reconfirmed the trend of decreasing carrier lifetime upon the increasing moment of inertia of cationic MA(+). Polaron model elucidates the electron-rotor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiangchao Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lingping Kong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Michael Lesslie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University , Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University , DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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43
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Alberding BG, Biacchi AJ, Walker ARH, Heilweil EJ. Charge Carrier Dynamics and Mobility Determined by Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy on Films of Nano-to-Micrometer-Sized Colloidal Tin(II) Monosulfide. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:15395-15406. [PMID: 27766125 PMCID: PMC5066166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tin(II) monosulfide (SnS) is a semiconductor material with an intermediate band gap, high absorption coefficient in the visible range, and earth abundant, non-toxic constituent elements. For these reasons, SnS has generated much interest for incorporation into optoelectronic devices, but little is known concerning the charge carrier dynamics, especially as measured by optical techniques. Here, as opposed to prior studies of vapor deposited films, phase-pure colloidal SnS was synthesized by solution chemistry in three size regimes, ranging from nanometer- to micron-scale (SnS small nanoparticles, SnS medium 2D nanosheets, and SnS large 2D μm-sheets), and evaluated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS); an optical, non-contact probe of the photoconductivity. Dropcast films of the SnS colloids were studied by TRTS and compared to both thermally annealed films and dispersed suspensions of the same colloids. TRTS results revealed that the micron-scale SnS crystals and all of the annealed films undergo decay mechanisms during the first 200 ps following photoexcitation at 800 nm assigned to hot carrier cooling and carrier trapping. The charge carrier mobility of both the dropcast and annealed samples depends strongly on the size of the constituent colloids. The mobility of the SnS colloidal films, following the completion of the initial decays, ranged from 0.14 cm2/V·s for the smallest SnS crystals to 20.3 cm2/V·s for the largest. Annealing the colloidal films resulted in a ~ 20 % improvement in mobility for the large SnS 2D μm-sheets and a ~ 5-fold increase for the small nanoparticles and medium nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G. Alberding
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States
| | - Adam J. Biacchi
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States
| | - Angela R. Hight Walker
- Engineering Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States
| | - Edwin J. Heilweil
- Radiation Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, United States
- (301-975-2370)
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44
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Manser JS, Christians JA, Kamat PV. Intriguing Optoelectronic Properties of Metal Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12956-13008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Manser
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Christians
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S. Manser
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Christians
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Radiation
Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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46
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Liu H, Lu J, Yang Z, Teng J, Ke L, Zhang X, Tong L, Sow CH. Ultrahigh photoconductivity of bandgap-graded CdSxSe1-x nanowires probed by terahertz spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27387. [PMID: 27263861 PMCID: PMC4893690 DOI: 10.1038/srep27387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superiorly high photoconductivity is desirable in optoelectronic materials and devices for information transmission and processing. Achieving high photoconductivity via bandgap engineering in a bandgap-graded semiconductor nanowire has been proposed as a potential strategy. In this work, we report the ultrahigh photoconductivity of bandgap-graded CdSxSe1-x nanowires and its detailed analysis by means of ultrafast optical-pump terahertz-probe (OPTP) spectroscopy. The recombination rates and carrier mobility are quantitatively obtained via investigation of the transient carrier dynamics in the nanowires. By analysis of the terahertz (THz) spectra, we obtain an insight into the bandgap gradient and band alignment to carrier transport along the nanowires. The demonstration of the ultrahigh photoconductivity makes bandgap-graded CdSxSe1-x nanowires a promising candidate as building blocks for nanoscale electronic and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Junpeng Lu
- Department of Physics, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Zongyin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Lin Ke
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chorng Haur Sow
- Department of Physics, 2 Science Drive 3, National University of Singapore, 117542, Singapore
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47
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Li D, Wang G, Cheng HC, Chen CY, Wu H, Liu Y, Huang Y, Duan X. Size-dependent phase transition in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite microplate crystals. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11330. [PMID: 27098114 PMCID: PMC4844678 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite has attracted considerable recent interest for solution processable solar cells and other optoelectronic applications. The orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition in perovskite can significantly alter its optical, electrical properties and impact the corresponding applications. Here, we report a systematic investigation of the size-dependent orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition using a combined temperature-dependent optical, electrical transport and transmission electron microscopy study. Our studies of individual perovskite microplates with variable thicknesses demonstrate that the phase transition temperature decreases with reducing microplate thickness. The sudden decrease of mobility around phase transition temperature and the presence of hysteresis loops in the temperature-dependent mobility confirm that the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition is a first-order phase transition. Our findings offer significant fundamental insight on the temperature- and size-dependent structural, optical and charge transport properties of perovskite materials, and can greatly impact future exploration of novel electronic and optoelectronic devices from these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hung-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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48
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Ponseca CS, Sundström V. Revealing the ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in organo metal halide perovskite solar cell materials using time resolved THz spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6249-6257. [PMID: 26763720 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in organo metal halide perovskite has been probed using time resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy (TRTS). Current literature on its early time characteristics is unanimous: sub-ps charge carrier generation, highly mobile charges and very slow recombination rationalizing the exceptionally high power conversion efficiency for a solution processed solar cell material. Electron injection from MAPbI3 to nanoparticles (NP) of TiO2 is found to be sub-ps while Al2O3 NPs do not alter charge dynamics. Charge transfer to organic electrodes, Spiro-OMeTAD and PCBM, is sub-ps and few hundreds of ps respectively, which is influenced by the alignment of energy bands. It is surmised that minimizing defects/trap states is key in optimizing charge carrier extraction from these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ponseca
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, Lund, Sweden.
| | - V Sundström
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, Lund, Sweden.
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49
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He H, Yu Q, Li H, Li J, Si J, Jin Y, Wang N, Wang J, He J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ye Z. Exciton localization in solution-processed organolead trihalide perovskites. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10896. [PMID: 26996605 PMCID: PMC4802114 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organolead trihalide perovskites have attracted great attention due to the stunning advances in both photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. However, the photophysical properties, especially the recombination dynamics of photogenerated carriers, of this class of materials are controversial. Here we report that under an excitation level close to the working regime of solar cells, the recombination of photogenerated carriers in solution-processed methylammonium–lead–halide films is dominated by excitons weakly localized in band tail states. This scenario is evidenced by experiments of spectral-dependent luminescence decay, excitation density-dependent luminescence and frequency-dependent terahertz photoconductivity. The exciton localization effect is found to be general for several solution-processed hybrid perovskite films prepared by different methods. Our results provide insights into the charge transport and recombination mechanism in perovskite films and help to unravel their potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. The recombination dynamics of photogenerated carriers in organolead trihalide perovskites are not well understood. Here, He et al. report that the recombination of photogenerated carriers in solution-processed methylammonium-lead-halide films is dominated by excitons weakly localized in band tail states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junjie Si
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing Key Lab for Metamaterials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinke Wang
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing Key Lab for Metamaterials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing Key Lab for Metamaterials and Devices, and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Cheng HC, Wang G, Li D, He Q, Yin A, Liu Y, Wu H, Ding M, Huang Y, Duan X. van der Waals Heterojunction Devices Based on Organohalide Perovskites and Two-Dimensional Materials. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:367-73. [PMID: 26666974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The recently emerged organohalide perovskites (e.g., CH3NH3PbI3) have drawn intense attention for high efficiency solar cells. However, with a considerable solubility in many solvents, these perovskites are not typically compatible with conventional lithography processes for more complicated device fabrications that are important for both fundamental studies and technological applications. Here, we report the creation of novel heterojunction devices based on perovskites and two-dimensional (2D) crystals by taking advantage of the layered characteristic of lead iodide (PbI2) and vapor-phase intercalation. We show that a graphene/perovskite/graphene vertical stack can deliver a highest photoresponsivity of ∼950 A/W and photoconductive gain of ∼2200, and a graphene/WSe2/perovskite/graphene heterojunction can display a high on/off ratio (∼10(6)) transistor behavior with distinct gate-tunable diode characteristics and open-circuit voltages. Such unique perovskite-2D heterostructures have significant potential for future optoelectronic research and can enable broad possibilities with compositional tunability of organohalide perovskites and the versatility offered by diverse 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gongming Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dehui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anxiang Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mengning Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and §California NanoSystems Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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