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Coppini A, Falconieri A, Mualem O, Nasrin SR, Roudon M, Saper G, Hess H, Kakugo A, Raffa V, Shefi O. Can repetitive mechanical motion cause structural damage to axons? Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1371738. [PMID: 38912175 PMCID: PMC11191579 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1371738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological structures have evolved to very efficiently generate, transmit, and withstand mechanical forces. These biological examples have inspired mechanical engineers for centuries and led to the development of critical insights and concepts. However, progress in mechanical engineering also raises new questions about biological structures. The past decades have seen the increasing study of failure of engineered structures due to repetitive loading, and its origin in processes such as materials fatigue. Repetitive loading is also experienced by some neurons, for example in the peripheral nervous system. This perspective, after briefly introducing the engineering concept of mechanical fatigue, aims to discuss the potential effects based on our knowledge of cellular responses to mechanical stresses. A particular focus of our discussion are the effects of mechanical stress on axons and their cytoskeletal structures. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulty of imaging these structures and the promise of new microscopy techniques. The identification of repair mechanisms and paradigms underlying long-term stability is an exciting and emerging topic in biology as well as a potential source of inspiration for engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oz Mualem
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Syeda Rubaiya Nasrin
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Marine Roudon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gadiel Saper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akira Kakugo
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Orit Shefi
- Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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2
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Bak J, Brummelkamp TR, Perrakis A. Decoding microtubule detyrosination: enzyme families, structures, and functional implications. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38811347 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton and can accumulate a plethora of modifications. The microtubule detyrosination cycle is one of these modifications; it involves the enzymatic removal of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin on assembled microtubules and the re-ligation of tyrosine on detyrosinated tubulin dimers. This modification cycle has been implicated in cardiac disease, neuronal development, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin and microtubule-associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase enzyme families are responsible for microtubule detyrosination. Their long-sought discovery allows to review and summarise differences and similarities between the two enzymes families and discuss how they interplay with other modifications and functions of the tubulin code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske Bak
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute and Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Nasilli G, de Waal TM, Marchal GA, Bertoli G, Veldkamp MW, Rothenberg E, Casini S, Remme CA. Decreasing microtubule detyrosination modulates Nav1.5 subcellular distribution and restores sodium current in mdx cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:723-734. [PMID: 38395031 PMCID: PMC11135645 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microtubule (MT) network plays a major role in the transport of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 to the membrane, where the latter associates with interacting proteins such as dystrophin. Alterations in MT dynamics are known to impact on ion channel trafficking. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by dystrophin deficiency, is associated with an increase in MT detyrosination, decreased sodium current (INa), and arrhythmias. Parthenolide (PTL), a compound that decreases MT detyrosination, has shown beneficial effects on cardiac function in DMD. We here investigated its impact on INa and Nav1.5 subcellular distribution. METHODS AND RESULTS Ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) from wild-type (WT) and mdx (DMD) mice were incubated with either 10 µM PTL, 20 µM EpoY, or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for 3-5 h, followed by patch-clamp analysis to assess INa and action potential (AP) characteristics in addition to immunofluorescence and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to investigate MT detyrosination and Nav1.5 cluster size and density, respectively. In accordance with previous studies, we observed increased MT detyrosination, decreased INa and reduced AP upstroke velocity (Vmax) in mdx CMs compared to WT. PTL decreased MT detyrosination and significantly increased INa magnitude (without affecting INa gating properties) and AP Vmax in mdx CMs, but had no effect in WT CMs. Moreover, STORM analysis showed that in mdx CMs, Nav1.5 clusters were decreased not only in the grooves of the lateral membrane (LM; where dystrophin is localized) but also at the LM crests. PTL restored Nav1.5 clusters at the LM crests (but not at the grooves), indicating a dystrophin-independent trafficking route to this subcellular domain. Interestingly, Nav1.5 cluster density was also reduced at the intercalated disc (ID) region of mdx CMs, which was restored to WT levels by PTL. Treatment of mdx CMs with EpoY, a specific MT detyrosination inhibitor, also increased INa density, while decreasing the amount of detyrosinated MTs, confirming a direct mechanistic link. CONCLUSION Attenuating MT detyrosination in mdx CMs restored INa and enhanced Nav1.5 localization at the LM crest and ID. Hence, the reduced whole-cell INa density characteristic of mdx CMs is not only the consequence of the lack of dystrophin within the LM grooves but is also due to reduced Nav1.5 at the LM crest and ID secondary to increased baseline MT detyrosination. Overall, our findings identify MT detyrosination as a potential therapeutic target for modulating INa and subcellular Nav1.5 distribution in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Nasilli
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tanja M de Waal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard A Marchal
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Bertoli
- Division of Cardiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marieke W Veldkamp
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eli Rothenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 450 E 29TH ST Alexandria Center for Life Science, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simona Casini
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Mahalingan KK, Grotjahn DA, Li Y, Lander GC, Zehr EA, Roll-Mecak A. Structural basis for α-tubulin-specific and modification state-dependent glutamylation. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01599-0. [PMID: 38658656 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Microtubules have spatiotemporally complex posttranslational modification patterns. Tubulin tyrosine ligase-like (TTLL) enzymes introduce the most prevalent modifications on α-tubulin and β-tubulin. How TTLLs specialize for specific substrate recognition and ultimately modification-pattern generation is largely unknown. TTLL6, a glutamylase implicated in ciliopathies, preferentially modifies tubulin α-tails in microtubules. Cryo-electron microscopy, kinetic analysis and single-molecule biochemistry reveal an unprecedented quadrivalent recognition that ensures simultaneous readout of microtubule geometry and posttranslational modification status. By binding to a β-tubulin subunit, TTLL6 modifies the α-tail of the longitudinally adjacent tubulin dimer. Spanning two tubulin dimers along and across protofilaments (PFs) ensures fidelity of recognition of both the α-tail and the microtubule. Moreover, TTLL6 reads out and is stimulated by glutamylation of the β-tail of the laterally adjacent tubulin dimer, mediating crosstalk between α-tail and β-tail. This positive feedback loop can generate localized microtubule glutamylation patterns. Our work uncovers general principles that generate tubulin chemical and topographic complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore K Mahalingan
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Grotjahn
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel C Lander
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elena A Zehr
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Antonina Roll-Mecak
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Biochemistry & Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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McGillivary RM, Luxton GWG. Poxvirus A51R: A microtubule maestro and virulence virtuoso. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114050. [PMID: 38564336 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Seo et al.1 shed light on virus-host interactions as they reveal how poxvirus A51R stabilizes microtubules in infected cells, which impacts vaccinia virus virulence in mice by potentially inhibiting reactive-oxygen-species-dependent antiviral responses in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M McGillivary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - G W Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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6
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Pietsch N, Chen CY, Kupsch S, Bacmeister L, Geertz B, Herera-Rivero M, Voß H, Krämer E, Braren I, Westermann D, Schlüter H, Mearini G, Schlossarek S, van der Velden J, Caporizzo MA, Lindner D, Prosser BL, Carrier L. Chronic activation of tubulin tyrosination in HCM mice and human iPSC-engineered heart tissues improves heart function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.25.542365. [PMID: 37292763 PMCID: PMC10245930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rationale: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac genetic disorder caused by sarcomeric gene variants and associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. The role of the microtubule network has recently gained interest with the findings that -α-tubulin detyrosination (dTyr-tub) is markedly elevated in heart failure. Acute reduction of dTyr-tub by inhibition of the detyrosinase (VASH/SVBP complex) or activation of the tyrosinase (tubulin tyrosine ligase, TTL) markedly improved contractility and reduced stiffness in human failing cardiomyocytes, and thus poses a new perspective for HCM treatment. Objective: In this study, we tested the impact of chronic tubulin tyrosination in a HCM mouse model ( Mybpc3 -knock-in; KI), in human HCM cardiomyocytes and in SVBP-deficient human engineered heart tissues (EHTs). Methods and Results: AAV9-mediated TTL transfer was applied in neonatal wild-type (WT) rodents and 3-week-old KI mice and in HCM human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes. We show that i) TTL for 6 weeks dose-dependently reduced dTyr-tub and improved contractility without affecting cytosolic calcium transients in WT cardiomyocytes; ii) TTL for 12 weeks improved diastolic filling, cardiac output and stroke volume and reduced stiffness in KI mice; iii) TTL for 10 days normalized cell hypertrophy in HCM hiPSC-cardiomyocytes; iv) TTL induced a marked transcription and translation of several tubulins and modulated mRNA or protein levels of components of mitochondria, Z-disc, ribosome, intercalated disc, lysosome and cytoskeleton in KI mice; v) SVBP-deficient EHTs exhibited reduced dTyr-tub levels, higher force and faster relaxation than TTL-deficient and WT EHTs. RNA-seq and mass spectrometry analysis revealed distinct enrichment of cardiomyocyte components and pathways in SVBP-KO vs. TTL-KO EHTs. Conclusion: This study provides the first proof-of-concept that chronic activation of tubulin tyrosination in HCM mice and in human EHTs improves heart function and holds promise for targeting the non-sarcomeric cytoskeleton in heart disease.
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7
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Bernas T, Seo J, Wilson ZT, Tan BH, Deschenes I, Carter C, Liu J, Tseng GN. Persistent PKA activation redistributes NaV1.5 to the cell surface of adult rat ventricular myocytes. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313436. [PMID: 38226948 PMCID: PMC10791559 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
During chronic stress, persistent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) occurs, which can contribute to protective or maladaptive changes in the heart. We sought to understand the effect of persistent PKA activation on NaV1.5 channel distribution and function in cardiomyocytes using adult rat ventricular myocytes as the main model. PKA activation with 8CPT-cAMP and okadaic acid (phosphatase inhibitor) caused an increase in Na+ current amplitude without altering the total NaV1.5 protein level, suggesting a redistribution of NaV1.5 to the myocytes' surface. Biotinylation experiments in HEK293 cells showed that inhibiting protein trafficking from intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane prevented the PKA-induced increase in cell surface NaV1.5. Additionally, PKA activation induced a time-dependent increase in microtubule plus-end binding protein 1 (EB1) and clustering of EB1 at myocytes' peripheral surface and intercalated discs (ICDs). This was accompanied by a decrease in stable interfibrillar microtubules but an increase in dynamic microtubules along the myocyte surface. Imaging and coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that NaV1.5 interacted with EB1 and β-tubulin, and both interactions were enhanced by PKA activation. We propose that persistent PKA activation promotes NaV1.5 trafficking to the peripheral surface of myocytes and ICDs by providing dynamic microtubule tracks and enhanced guidance by EB1. Our proposal is consistent with an increase in the correlative distribution of NaV1.5, EB1, and β-tubulin at these subcellular domains in PKA-activated myocytes. Our study suggests that persistent PKA activation, at least during the initial phase, can protect impulse propagation in a chronically stressed heart by increasing NaV1.5 at ICDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytus Bernas
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zachary T. Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bi-hua Tan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christiane Carter
- Massey Center Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jinze Liu
- Massey Center Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gea-Ny Tseng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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8
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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9
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Falconieri A, Coppini A, Raffa V. Microtubules as a signal hub for axon growth in response to mechanical force. Biol Chem 2024; 405:67-77. [PMID: 37674311 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly polar structures and are characterized by high anisotropy and stiffness. In neurons, they play a key role in the directional transport of vesicles and organelles. In the neuronal projections called axons, they form parallel bundles, mostly oriented with the plus-end towards the axonal termination. Their physico-chemical properties have recently attracted attention as a potential candidate in sensing, processing and transducing physical signals generated by mechanical forces. Here, we discuss the main evidence supporting the role of microtubules as a signal hub for axon growth in response to a traction force. Applying a tension to the axon appears to stabilize the microtubules, which, in turn, coordinate a modulation of axonal transport, local translation and their cross-talk. We speculate on the possible mechanisms modulating microtubule dynamics under tension, based on evidence collected in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. However, the fundamental question of the causal relationship between these mechanisms is still elusive because the mechano-sensitive element in this chain has not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allegra Coppini
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, Università di Pisa, Pisa, 56127, Italy
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10
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Chiang DY, Verkerk AO, Victorio R, Shneyer BI, van der Vaart B, Jouni M, Narendran N, Kc A, Sampognaro JR, Vetrano-Olsen F, Oh JS, Buys E, de Jonge B, Shah DA, Kiviniemi T, Burridge PW, Bezzina CR, Akhmanova A, MacRae CA. The Role of MAPRE2 and Microtubules in Maintaining Normal Ventricular Conduction. Circ Res 2024; 134:46-59. [PMID: 38095085 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is associated with loss-of-function SCN5A variants, yet these account for only ≈20% of cases. A recent genome-wide association study identified a novel locus within MAPRE2, which encodes EB2 (microtubule end-binding protein 2), implicating microtubule involvement in Brugada syndrome. METHODS A mapre2 knockout zebrafish model was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein 9) and validated by Western blot. Larval hearts at 5 days post-fertilization were isolated for voltage mapping and immunocytochemistry. Adult fish hearts were used for ECG, patch clamping, and immunocytochemistry. Morpholinos were injected into embryos at 1-cell stage for knockdown experiments. A transgenic zebrafish line with cdh2 tandem fluorescent timer was used to study adherens junctions. Microtubule plus-end tracking and patch clamping were performed in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with MAPRE2 knockdown and knockout, respectively. RESULTS Voltage mapping of mapre2 knockout hearts showed a decrease in ventricular maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential and conduction velocity, suggesting loss of cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel function. ECG showed QRS prolongation in adult knockout fish, and patch clamping showed decreased sodium current density in knockout ventricular myocytes and arrhythmias in knockout iPSC-CMs. Confocal imaging showed disorganized adherens junctions and mislocalization of mature Ncad (N-cadherin) with mapre2 loss of function, associated with a decrease of detyrosinated tubulin. MAPRE2 knockdown in iPSC-CMs led to an increase in microtubule growth velocity and distance, indicating changes in microtubule dynamics. Finally, knockdown of ttl encoding tubulin tyrosine ligase in mapre2 knockout larvae rescued tubulin detyrosination and ventricular maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential. CONCLUSIONS Genetic ablation of mapre2 led to a decrease in voltage-gated sodium channel function, a hallmark of Brugada syndrome, associated with disruption of adherens junctions, decrease of detyrosinated tubulin as a marker of microtubule stability, and changes in microtubule dynamics. Restoration of the detyrosinated tubulin fraction with ttl knockdown led to rescue of voltage-gated sodium channel-related functional parameters in mapre2 knockout hearts. Taken together, our study implicates microtubule dynamics in the modulation of ventricular conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Chiang
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center (A.O.V., C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Rachelle Victorio
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Boris I Shneyer
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Babet van der Vaart
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Mariam Jouni
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Nakul Narendran
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Ashmita Kc
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - James R Sampognaro
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Franki Vetrano-Olsen
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - John S Oh
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Eva Buys
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
| | - Berend de Jonge
- Department of Medical Biology (B.d.J.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Disheet A Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Finland (T.K.)
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.J., D.A.S., P.W.B.)
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center (A.O.V., C.R.B.), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Akhmanova
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (B.I.S., B.v.d.V., A.A.)
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.Y.C., R.V., N.N., A.K., J.R.S., F.V.-O., J.S.O., E.B., C.A.M.)
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11
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Lee S, Kim W, Kim G. Efficient Myogenic Activities Achieved through Blade-Casting-Assisted Bioprinting of Aligned Myoblasts Laden in Collagen Bioink. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5219-5229. [PMID: 37917832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated mechanical stimulation combined with three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting as a new approach for introducing biophysical and biological cues for tissue regeneration. A blade-casting method in conjunction with bioprinting was employed to fabricate bioengineered skeletal muscle constructs using a bioink composed of C2C12 myoblasts and collagen type-I. Various printing process parameters were selected and optimized to achieve a highly organized cell alignment within the constructs. The resulting cell-aligned constructs demonstrated remarkable improvement in actin filament alignment and cell proliferation compared with conventionally printed cell-laden constructs. This improvement can be attributed to the synergistic effects of mechanotransduction, facilitating the cellular response to mechanical cues and the alignment of fibrillated collagen, which plays a significant role in modulating cellular functions and promoting muscle tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of blade casting combined with 3D bioprinting on gene expression. The expression levels of myogenesis-related genes were substantially upregulated, with an approximately 1.6-fold increase compared to the constructs fabricated without the blade-casting technique. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of combining mechanical stimulation through blade casting with 3D bioprinting in promoting aligned cell structures, enhancing cellular functions, and driving muscle tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuHyeok Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - WonJin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Sasaki T, Saito K, Inoue D, Serk H, Sugiyama Y, Pesquet E, Shimamoto Y, Oda Y. Confined-microtubule assembly shapes three-dimensional cell wall structures in xylem vessels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6987. [PMID: 37957173 PMCID: PMC10643555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly patterned deposition of cell wall polymers is prerequisite for the morphogenesis of plant cells. A cortical microtubule array guides the two-dimensional pattern of cell wall deposition. Yet, the mechanism underlying the three-dimensional patterning of cell wall deposition is poorly understood. In metaxylem vessels, cell wall arches are formed over numerous pit membranes, forming highly organized three-dimensional cell wall structures. Here, we show that the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, regulate arch development. The map70-1 map70-5 plants formed oblique arches in an abnormal orientation in pits. Microtubules fit the aperture of developing arches in wild-type cells, whereas microtubules in map70-1 map70-5 cells extended over the boundaries of pit arches. MAP70 caused the bending and bundling of microtubules. These results suggest that MAP70 confines microtubules within the pit apertures by altering the physical properties of microtubules, thereby directing the growth of pit arches in the proper orientation. This study provides clues to understanding how plants develop three-dimensional structure of cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Saito
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI University, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Factuly of Design, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yuki Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Arrhenius laboratories, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuta Shimamoto
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI University, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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13
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Tagay Y, Kheirabadi S, Ataie Z, Singh RK, Prince O, Nguyen A, Zhovmer AS, Ma X, Sheikhi A, Tsygankov D, Tabdanov ED. Dynein-Powered Cell Locomotion Guides Metastasis of Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302229. [PMID: 37726225 PMCID: PMC10625109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The principal cause of death in cancer patients is metastasis, which remains an unresolved problem. Conventionally, metastatic dissemination is linked to actomyosin-driven cell locomotion. However, the locomotion of cancer cells often does not strictly line up with the measured actomyosin forces. Here, a complementary mechanism of metastatic locomotion powered by dynein-generated forces is identified. These forces arise within a non-stretchable microtubule network and drive persistent contact guidance of migrating cancer cells along the biomimetic collagen fibers. It is also shown that the dynein-powered locomotion becomes indispensable during invasive 3D migration within a tissue-like luminal network formed by spatially confining granular hydrogel scaffolds (GHS) made up of microscale hydrogel particles (microgels). These results indicate that the complementary motricity mediated by dynein is always necessary and, in certain instances, sufficient for disseminating metastatic breast cancer cells. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of cell locomotion mechanisms and expand the spectrum of clinical targets against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbol Tagay
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Sina Kheirabadi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Zaman Ataie
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyGynecology OncologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY14642USA
| | - Olivia Prince
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Penn State Cancer InstitutePenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
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14
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Nicot S, Gillard G, Impheng H, Joachimiak E, Urbach S, Mochizuki K, Wloga D, Juge F, Rogowski K. A family of carboxypeptidases catalyzing α- and β-tubulin tail processing and deglutamylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi7838. [PMID: 37703372 PMCID: PMC10499314 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin posttranslational modifications represent an important mechanism involved in the regulation of microtubule functions. The most widespread among them are detyrosination, α∆2-tubulin, and polyglutamylation. Here, we describe a family of tubulin-modifying enzymes composed of two closely related proteins, KIAA0895L and KIAA0895, which have tubulin metallocarboxypeptidase activity and thus were termed TMCP1 and TMCP2, respectively. We show that TMCP1 (also known as MATCAP) acts as α-tubulin detyrosinase that also catalyzes α∆2-tubulin. In contrast, TMCP2 preferentially modifies βI-tubulin by removing three amino acids from its C terminus, generating previously unknown βI∆3 modification. We show that βI∆3-tubulin is mostly found on centrioles and mitotic spindles and in cilia. Moreover, we demonstrate that TMCPs also remove posttranslational polyglutamylation and thus act as tubulin deglutamylases. Together, our study describes the identification and comprehensive biochemical analysis of a previously unknown type of tubulin-modifying enzymes involved in the processing of α- and β-tubulin C-terminal tails and deglutamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nicot
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ghislain Gillard
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Hathaichanok Impheng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Ewa Joachimiak
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform (FPP), IGF, Université Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Kazufumi Mochizuki
- Epigenetic Chromatin Regulation team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Dorota Wloga
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cilia Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - François Juge
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Krzysztof Rogowski
- Tubulin Code team, Institute of Human Genetics, Université Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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15
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Harriot AD, Altair Morris T, Vanegas C, Kallenbach J, Pinto K, Joca HC, Moutin MJ, Shi G, Ursitti JA, Grosberg A, Ward CW. Detyrosinated microtubule arrays drive myofibrillar malformations in mdx muscle fibers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209542. [PMID: 37691825 PMCID: PMC10485621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered myofibrillar structure is a consequence of dystrophic pathology that impairs skeletal muscle contractile function and increases susceptibility to contraction injury. In murine Duchenne muscular dystrophy (mdx), myofibrillar alterations are abundant in advanced pathology (>4 months), an age where we formerly established densified microtubule (MT) arrays enriched in detyrosinated (deTyr) tubulin as negative disease modifiers impacting cell mechanics and mechanotransduction. Given the essential role of deTyr-enriched MT arrays in myofibrillar growth, maintenance, and repair, we examined the increased abundance of these arrays as a potential mechanism for these myofibrillar alterations. Here we find an increase in deTyr-tubulin as an early event in dystrophic pathology (4 weeks) with no evidence myofibrillar alterations. At 16 weeks, we show deTyr-enriched MT arrays significantly densified and co-localized to areas of myofibrillar malformation. Profiling the enzyme complexes responsible for deTyr-tubulin, we identify vasohibin 2 (VASH2) and small vasohibin binding protein (SVBP) significantly elevated in the mdx muscle at 4 weeks. Using the genetic increase in VASH2/SVBP expression in 4 weeks wild-type mice we find densified deTyr-enriched MT arrays that co-segregate with myofibrillar malformations similar to those in the 16 weeks mdx. Given that no changes in sarcomere organization were identified in fibers expressing sfGFP as a control, we conclude that disease-dependent densification of deTyr-enriched MT arrays underscores the altered myofibrillar structure in dystrophic skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anicca D. Harriot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tessa Altair Morris
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and the NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Camilo Vanegas
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacob Kallenbach
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaylie Pinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Humberto C. Joca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- INSERM U1216 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Guoli Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeanine A. Ursitti
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and the NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Christopher W. Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Fu G, Yan S, Khoo CJ, Chao VC, Liu Z, Mukhi M, Hervas R, Li XD, Ti SC. Integrated regulation of tubulin tyrosination and microtubule stability by human α-tubulin isotypes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112653. [PMID: 37379209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin isotypes are critical for the functions of cellular microtubules, which exhibit different stability and harbor various post-translational modifications. However, how tubulin isotypes determine the activities of regulators for microtubule stability and modifications remains unknown. Here, we show that human α4A-tubulin, a conserved genetically detyrosinated α-tubulin isotype, is a poor substrate for enzymatic tyrosination. To examine the stability of microtubules reconstituted with defined tubulin compositions, we develop a strategy to site-specifically label recombinant human tubulin for single-molecule TIRF microscopy-based in vitro assays. The incorporation of α4A-tubulin into the microtubule lattice stabilizes the polymers from passive and MCAK-stimulated depolymerization. Further characterization reveals that the compositions of α-tubulin isotypes and tyrosination/detyrosination states allow graded control for the microtubule binding and the depolymerization activities of MCAK. Together, our results uncover the tubulin isotype-dependent enzyme activity for an integrated regulation of α-tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination states and microtubule stability, two well-correlated features of cellular microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Fu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Jing Khoo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor C Chao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mayur Mukhi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rubén Hervas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang David Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shih-Chieh Ti
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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17
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Grande V, Schuld J, van der Ven PFM, Gruss OJ, Fürst DO. Filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) is a dual compartment protein linking myofibrils and microtubules during myogenic differentiation and upon mechanical stress. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4. [PMID: 37178194 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the gene encoding filamin-A-interacting protein 1 (FILIP1) were identified to be associated with a combination of neurological and muscular symptoms. While FILIP1 was shown to regulate motility of brain ventricular zone cells, a process important for corticogenesis, the function of the protein in muscle cells has been less well characterized. The expression of FILIP1 in regenerating muscle fibres predicted a role in early muscle differentiation. Here we analysed expression and localization of FILIP1 and its binding partners filamin-C (FLNc) and microtubule plus-end-binding protein EB3 in differentiating cultured myotubes and adult skeletal muscle. Prior to the development of cross-striated myofibrils, FILIP1 is associated with microtubules and colocalizes with EB3. During further myofibril maturation its localization changes, and FILIP1 localizes to myofibrillar Z-discs together with the actin-binding protein FLNc. Forced contractions of myotubes by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) induce focal disruptions in myofibrils and translocation of both proteins from Z-discs to these lesions, suggesting a role in induction and/or repair of these structures. The immediate proximity of tyrosylated, dynamic microtubules and EB3 to lesions implies that also these play a role in these processes. This implication is supported by the fact that in nocodazole-treated myotubes that lack functional microtubules, the number of lesions induced by EPS is significantly reduced. In summary, we here show that FILIP1 is a cytolinker protein that is associated with both microtubules and actin filaments, and might play a role in the assembly of myofibrils and their stabilization upon mechanical stress to protect them from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grande
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schuld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver J Gruss
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Stemberger MB, Ju JA, Thompson KN, Mathias TJ, Jerrett AE, Chang KT, Ory EC, Annis DA, Mull ML, Gilchrist DE, Vitolo MI, Martin SS. Hydrogen Peroxide Induces α-Tubulin Detyrosination and Acetylation and Impacts Breast Cancer Metastatic Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1266. [PMID: 37174666 PMCID: PMC10177274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of hydrogen peroxide are highly elevated in the breast tumor microenvironment compared to normal tissue. Production of hydrogen peroxide is implicated in the mechanism of action of many anticancer therapies. Several lines of evidence suggest hydrogen peroxide mediates breast carcinogenesis and metastasis, though the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. This study elucidates the effects of exposure to elevated hydrogen peroxide on non-tumorigenic MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, tumorigenic MCF7 cells, and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide treatment resulted in a dose- and time-dependent induction of two α-tubulin post-translational modifications-de-tyrosination and acetylation-both of which are markers of poor patient prognosis in breast cancer. Hydrogen peroxide induced the formation of tubulin-based microtentacles in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were enriched in detyrosinated and acetylated α-tubulin. However, the hydrogen peroxide-induced microtentacles did not functionally promote metastatic phenotypes of cellular reattachment and homotypic cell clustering. These data establish for the first time that microtentacle formation can be separated from the functions to promote reattachment and clustering, which indicates that there are functional steps that remain to be identified. Moreover, signals in the primary tumor microenvironment may modulate α-tubulin post-translational modifications and induce microtentacles; however, the functional consequences appear to be context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Stemberger
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Julia A. Ju
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N. Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Trevor J. Mathias
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexandra E. Jerrett
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Katarina T. Chang
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor C. Ory
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David A. Annis
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Makenzy L. Mull
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Darin E. Gilchrist
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michele I. Vitolo
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart S. Martin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System, 10 18 N. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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19
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Tagay Y, Kheirabadi S, Ataie Z, Singh RK, Prince O, Nguyen A, Zhovmer AS, Ma X, Sheikhi A, Tsygankov D, Tabdanov ED. Dynein-Powered Cell Locomotion Guides Metastasis of Breast Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535605. [PMID: 37066378 PMCID: PMC10104034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a principal cause of death in cancer patients, which remains an unresolved fundamental and clinical problem. Conventionally, metastatic dissemination is linked to the actomyosin-driven cell locomotion. However, locomotion of cancer cells often does not strictly line up with the measured actomyosin forces. Here, we identify a complementary mechanism of metastatic locomotion powered by the dynein-generated forces. These forces that arise within a non-stretchable microtubule network drive persistent contact guidance of migrating cancer cells along the biomimetic collagen fibers. We also show that dynein-powered locomotion becomes indispensable during invasive 3D migration within a tissue-like luminal network between spatially confining hydrogel microspheres. Our results indicate that the complementary contractile system of dynein motors and microtubules is always necessary and in certain instances completely sufficient for dissemination of metastatic breast cancer cells. These findings advance fundamental understanding of cell locomotion mechanisms and expand the spectrum of clinical targets against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sina Kheirabadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zaman Ataie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Prince
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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Wong DCP, Ding JL. The mechanobiology of NK cells- 'Forcing NK to Sense' target cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188860. [PMID: 36791921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that recognize and kill cancer and infected cells, which makes them unique 'off-the-shelf' candidates for a new generation of immunotherapies. Biomechanical forces in homeostasis and pathophysiology accrue additional immune regulation for NK immune responses. Indeed, cellular and tissue biomechanics impact NK receptor clustering, cytoskeleton remodeling, NK transmigration through endothelial cells, nuclear mechanics, and even NK-dendritic cell interaction, offering a plethora of unexplored yet important dynamic regulation for NK immunotherapy. Such events are made more complex by the heterogeneity of human NK cells. A significant question remains on whether and how biochemical and biomechanical cues collaborate for NK cell mechanotransduction, a process whereby mechanical force is sensed, transduced, and translated to downstream mechanical and biochemical signalling. Herein, we review recent advances in understanding how NK cells perceive and mechanotransduce biophysical cues. We focus on how the cellular cytoskeleton crosstalk regulates NK cell function while bearing in mind the heterogeneity of NK cells, the direct and indirect mechanical cues for NK anti-tumor activity, and finally, engineering advances that are of translational relevance to NK cell biology at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Chen Pei Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Jeak Ling Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
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21
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Wang C, Ramahdita G, Genin G, Huebsch N, Ma Z. Dynamic mechanobiology of cardiac cells and tissues: Current status and future perspective. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011314. [PMID: 37008887 PMCID: PMC10062054 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces impact cardiac cells and tissues over their entire lifespan, from development to growth and eventually to pathophysiology. However, the mechanobiological pathways that drive cell and tissue responses to mechanical forces are only now beginning to be understood, due in part to the challenges in replicating the evolving dynamic microenvironments of cardiac cells and tissues in a laboratory setting. Although many in vitro cardiac models have been established to provide specific stiffness, topography, or viscoelasticity to cardiac cells and tissues via biomaterial scaffolds or external stimuli, technologies for presenting time-evolving mechanical microenvironments have only recently been developed. In this review, we summarize the range of in vitro platforms that have been used for cardiac mechanobiological studies. We provide a comprehensive review on phenotypic and molecular changes of cardiomyocytes in response to these environments, with a focus on how dynamic mechanical cues are transduced and deciphered. We conclude with our vision of how these findings will help to define the baseline of heart pathology and of how these in vitro systems will potentially serve to improve the development of therapies for heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | | | | | - Zhen Ma
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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22
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Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:375-392. [PMID: 35829870 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability characterizes the complexity of biological systems and is essential for their function. Microtubules (MTs) play a role in structural integrity, cell motility, material transport, and force generation during mitosis, and dynamic instability exemplifies the variability in the proper function of MTs. MTs are a platform for energy transfer in cells. The dynamic instability of MTs manifests itself by the coexistence of growth and shortening, or polymerization and depolymerization. It results from a balance between attractive and repulsive forces between tubulin dimers. The paper reviews the current data on MTs and their potential roles as energy-transfer cellular structures and presents how variability can improve the function of biological systems in an individualized manner. The paper presents the option for targeting MTs to trigger dynamic improvement in cell plasticity, regulate energy transfer, and possibly control quantum effects in biological systems. The described system quantifies MT-dependent variability patterns combined with additional personalized signatures to improve organ function in a subject-tailored manner. The platform can regulate the use of MT-targeting drugs to improve the response to chronic therapies. Ongoing trials test the effects of this platform on various disorders.
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23
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Is the fundamental pathology in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy caused by a failure of glycogenolysis–glycolysis in costameres? J Genet 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-022-01410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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McCourt JL, Stearns-Reider KM, Mamsa H, Kannan P, Afsharinia MH, Shu C, Gibbs EM, Shin KM, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Schmitt LR, Hansen KC, Crosbie RH. Multi-omics analysis of sarcospan overexpression in mdx skeletal muscle reveals compensatory remodeling of cytoskeleton-matrix interactions that promote mechanotransduction pathways. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36609344 PMCID: PMC9817407 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a critical adhesion complex of the muscle cell membrane, providing a mechanical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cortical cytoskeleton that stabilizes the sarcolemma during repeated muscle contractions. One integral component of the DGC is the transmembrane protein, sarcospan (SSPN). Overexpression of SSPN in the skeletal muscle of mdx mice (murine model of DMD) restores muscle fiber attachment to the ECM in part through an associated increase in utrophin and integrin adhesion complexes at the cell membrane, protecting the muscle from contraction-induced injury. In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and ECM protein-optimized proteomics data sets from wild-type, mdx, and mdx transgenic (mdxTG) skeletal muscle tissues to identify pathways and proteins driving the compensatory action of SSPN overexpression. METHODS The tibialis anterior and quadriceps muscles were isolated from wild-type, mdx, and mdxTG mice and subjected to bulk RNA-Seq and global proteomics analysis using methods to enhance capture of ECM proteins. Data sets were further analyzed through the ingenuity pathway analysis (QIAGEN) and integrative gene set enrichment to identify candidate networks, signaling pathways, and upstream regulators. RESULTS Through our multi-omics approach, we identified 3 classes of differentially expressed genes and proteins in mdxTG muscle, including those that were (1) unrestored (significantly different from wild type, but not from mdx), (2) restored (significantly different from mdx, but not from wild type), and (3) compensatory (significantly different from both wild type and mdx). We identified signaling pathways that may contribute to the rescue phenotype, most notably cytoskeleton and ECM organization pathways. ECM-optimized proteomics revealed an increased abundance of collagens II, V, and XI, along with β-spectrin in mdxTG samples. Using ingenuity pathway analysis, we identified upstream regulators that are computationally predicted to drive compensatory changes, revealing a possible mechanism of SSPN rescue through a rewiring of cell-ECM bidirectional communication. We found that SSPN overexpression results in upregulation of key signaling molecules associated with regulation of cytoskeleton organization and mechanotransduction, including Yap1, Sox9, Rho, RAC, and Wnt. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SSPN overexpression rescues dystrophin deficiency partially through mechanotransduction signaling cascades mediated through components of the ECM and the cortical cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie L. McCourt
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kristen M. Stearns-Reider
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Hafsa Mamsa
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Pranav Kannan
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Afsharinia
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Cynthia Shu
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Gibbs
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Kara M. Shin
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Yerbol Z. Kurmangaliyev
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Lauren R. Schmitt
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Kirk C. Hansen
- grid.241116.10000000107903411Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO USA
| | - Rachelle H. Crosbie
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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25
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Actin-microtubule cytoskeletal interplay mediated by MRTF-A/SRF signaling promotes dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7886. [PMID: 36550158 PMCID: PMC9780334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause dilated cardiomyopathy associated with increased activity of ERK1/2 in the heart. We recently showed that ERK1/2 phosphorylates cofilin-1 on threonine 25 (phospho(T25)-cofilin-1) that in turn disassembles the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we show that in muscle cells carrying a cardiomyopathy-causing LMNA mutation, phospho(T25)-cofilin-1 binds to myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) in the cytoplasm, thus preventing the stimulation of serum response factor (SRF) in the nucleus. Inhibiting the MRTF-A/SRF axis leads to decreased α-tubulin acetylation by reducing the expression of ATAT1 gene encoding α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1. Hence, tubulin acetylation is decreased in cardiomyocytes derived from male patients with LMNA mutations and in heart and isolated cardiomyocytes from Lmnap.H222P/H222P male mice. In Atat1 knockout mice, deficient for acetylated α-tubulin, we observe left ventricular dilation and mislocalization of Connexin 43 (Cx43) in heart. Increasing α-tubulin acetylation levels in Lmnap.H222P/H222P mice with tubastatin A treatment restores the proper localization of Cx43 and improves cardiac function. In summary, we show for the first time an actin-microtubule cytoskeletal interplay mediated by cofilin-1 and MRTF-A/SRF, promoting the dilated cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations. Our findings suggest that modulating α-tubulin acetylation levels is a feasible strategy for improving cardiac function.
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26
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The role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in muscle cell mechanotransduction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1022. [PMID: 36168044 PMCID: PMC9515174 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is the central protein of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal and heart muscle cells. Dystrophin connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Severing the link between the ECM and the intracellular cytoskeleton has a devastating impact on the homeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, leading to a range of muscular dystrophies. In addition, the loss of a functional DGC leads to progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. Dystrophin functions as a molecular spring and the DGC plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Additionally, evidence is accumulating, linking the DGC to mechanosignalling, albeit this role is still less understood. This review article aims at providing an up-to-date perspective on the DGC and its role in mechanotransduction. We first discuss the intricate relationship between muscle cell mechanics and function, before examining the recent research for a role of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex in mechanotransduction and maintaining the biomechanical integrity of muscle cells. Finally, we review the current literature to map out how DGC signalling intersects with mechanical signalling pathways to highlight potential future points of intervention, especially with a focus on cardiomyopathies. A review of the function of the Dystrophic Glycoprotein Complex (DGC) in mechanosignaling provides an overview of the various components of DGC and potential mechanopathogenic mechanisms, particularly as they relate to muscular dystrophy.
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27
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Schulz L, Werner S, Böttner J, Adams V, Lurz P, Besler C, Thiele H, Büttner P. Tubulin expression and modification in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15734. [PMID: 36131110 PMCID: PMC9492725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19766-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterised by increased left ventricular stiffness and impaired active relaxation. Underpinning pathomechanisms are incompletely understood. Cardiac hypertrophy and end stage heart disease are associated with alterations in the cardiac microtubule (MT) network. Increased amounts and modifications of α-tubulin associate with myocardial stiffness. MT alterations in HFpEF have not been analysed yet. Using ZSF1 obese rats (O-ZSF1), a validated HFpEF model, we characterised MT-modifying enzymes, quantity and tyrosination/detyrosination pattern of α-tubulin at 20 and 32 weeks of age. In the left ventricle of O-ZSF1, α-tubulin concentration (20 weeks: 1.5-fold, p = 0.019; 32 weeks: 1.7-fold, p = 0.042) and detyrosination levels (20 weeks: 1.4-fold, p = 0.013; 32 weeks: 1.3-fold, p = 0.074) were increased compared to lean ZSF1 rats. Tyrosination/α-tubulin ratio was lower in O-ZSF1 (20 weeks: 0.8-fold, p = 0.020; 32 weeks: 0.7-fold, p = 0.052). Expression of α-tubulin modifying enzymes was comparable. These results reveal new alterations in the left ventricle in HFpEF that are detectable during early (20 weeks) and late (32 weeks) progression. We suppose that these alterations contribute to diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF and that reestablishment of MT homeostasis might represent a new target for pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schulz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Werner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Böttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Cardiology, University Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Besler
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Petra Büttner
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Strümpellstr. 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Kim YJ, Cho MJ, Yu WD, Kim MJ, Kim SY, Lee JH. Links of Cytoskeletal Integrity with Disease and Aging. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182896. [PMID: 36139471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex feature and involves loss of multiple functions and nonreversible phenotypes. However, several studies suggest it is possible to protect against aging and promote rejuvenation. Aging is associated with many factors, such as telomere shortening, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of homeostasis. The integrity of the cytoskeleton is associated with several cellular functions, such as migration, proliferation, degeneration, and mitochondrial bioenergy production, and chronic disorders, including neuronal degeneration and premature aging. Cytoskeletal integrity is closely related with several functional activities of cells, such as aging, proliferation, degeneration, and mitochondrial bioenergy production. Therefore, regulation of cytoskeletal integrity may be useful to elicit antiaging effects and to treat degenerative diseases, such as dementia. The actin cytoskeleton is dynamic because its assembly and disassembly change depending on the cellular status. Aged cells exhibit loss of cytoskeletal stability and decline in functional activities linked to longevity. Several studies reported that improvement of cytoskeletal stability can recover functional activities. In particular, microtubule stabilizers can be used to treat dementia. Furthermore, studies of the quality of aged oocytes and embryos revealed a relationship between cytoskeletal integrity and mitochondrial activity. This review summarizes the links of cytoskeletal properties with aging and degenerative diseases and how cytoskeletal integrity can be modulated to elicit antiaging and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Cho
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Won Dong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kim
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
| | - Sally Yunsun Kim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul Station, Jung-gu, Seoul 04637, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pochen 11160, Korea
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29
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Shi X, Jiang X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun X. The interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases: Implications for therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106452. [PMID: 36116706 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules, a highly dynamic cytoskeleton, participate in many cellular activities including mechanical support, organelles interactions, and intracellular trafficking. Microtubule organization can be regulated by modification of tubulin subunits, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) or agents modulating microtubule assembly. Increasing studies demonstrate that microtubule disorganization correlates with various cardiocerebrovascular diseases including heart failure and ischemic stroke. Microtubules also mediate intracellular transport as well as intercellular transfer of mitochondria, a power house in cells which produce ATP for various physiological activities such as cardiac mechanical function. It is known to all that both microtubules and mitochondria participate in the progression of cancer and Parkinson's disease. However, the interconnections between the microtubules and mitochondrial networks in cardiocerebrovascular diseases remain unclear. In this paper, we will focus on the roles of microtubules in cardiocerebrovascular diseases, and discuss the interplay of mitochondria and microtubules in disease development and treatment. Elucidation of these issues might provide significant diagnostic value as well as potential targets for cardiocerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuan Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congwei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Lafanechère L. The microtubule cytoskeleton: An old validated target for novel therapeutic drugs. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:969183. [PMID: 36188585 PMCID: PMC9521402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds targeting microtubules are widely used in cancer therapy with a proven efficacy. However, because they also target non-cancerous cells, their administration leads to numerous adverse effects. With the advancement of knowledge on the structure of tubulin, the regulation of microtubule dynamics and their deregulation in pathological processes, new therapeutic strategies are emerging, both for the treatment of cancer and for other diseases, such as neuronal or even heart diseases and parasite infections. In addition, a better understanding of the mechanism of action of well-known drugs such as colchicine or certain kinase inhibitors contributes to the development of these new therapeutic approaches. Nowadays, chemists and biologists are working jointly to select drugs which target the microtubule cytoskeleton and have improved properties. On the basis of a few examples this review attempts to depict the panorama of these recent advances.
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31
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Extracellular stiffness induces contractile dysfunction in adult cardiomyocytes via cell-autonomous and microtubule-dependent mechanisms. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:41. [PMID: 36006489 PMCID: PMC9899517 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical environment of the myocardium has a potent effect on cardiomyocyte form and function, yet an understanding of the cardiomyocyte responses to extracellular stiffening remains incomplete. We therefore employed a cell culture substrate with tunable stiffness to define the cardiomyocyte responses to clinically relevant stiffness increments in the absence of cell-cell interactions. When cultured on substrates magnetically actuated to mimic the stiffness of diseased myocardium, isolated rat adult cardiomyocytes exhibited a time-dependent reduction of sarcomere shortening, characterized by slowed contraction and relaxation velocity, and alterations of the calcium transient. Cardiomyocytes cultured on stiff substrates developed increases in viscoelasticity and microtubule detyrosination in association with early increases in the α-tubulin detyrosinating enzyme vasohibin-2 (Vash2). We found that knockdown of Vash2 was sufficient to preserve contractile performance as well as calcium transient properties in the presence of extracellular substrate stiffening. Orthogonal prevention of detyrosination by overexpression of tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) was also able to preserve contractility and calcium homeostasis. These data demonstrate that a pathologic increment of extracellular stiffness induces early, cell-autonomous remodeling of adult cardiomyocytes that is dependent on detyrosination of α-tubulin.
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32
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Isoda R, Morita I, Isida A, Mikami Y, Monobe Y, Sato Y, Moriya T. Pathological Study on the Expression of Vasohibins in Peripheral Artery Disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 258:121-128. [PMID: 35922907 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Isoda
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School.,Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Ichiro Morita
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Atsuhisa Isida
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center
| | - Yuka Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School
| | | | - Yasufumi Sato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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Abstract
Heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the advancement of modern technology, the role(s) of microtubules in the pathogenesis of heart disease has become increasingly apparent, though currently there are limited treatments targeting microtubule-relevant mechanisms. Here, we review the functions of microtubules in the cardiovascular system and their specific adaptive and pathological phenotypes in cardiac disorders. We further explore the use of microtubule-targeting drugs and highlight promising druggable therapeutic targets for the future treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Warner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China (Y.L.)
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, United Kingdom (E.F.W., X.L.)
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35
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Landskron L, Bak J, Adamopoulos A, Kaplani K, Moraiti M, van den Hengel LG, Song JY, Bleijerveld OB, Nieuwenhuis J, Heidebrecht T, Henneman L, Moutin MJ, Barisic M, Taraviras S, Perrakis A, Brummelkamp TR. Posttranslational modification of microtubules by the MATCAP detyrosinase. Science 2022; 376:eabn6020. [PMID: 35482892 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn6020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The detyrosination-tyrosination cycle involves the removal and religation of the C-terminal tyrosine of α-tubulin and is implicated in cognitive, cardiac, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin-small vasohibin-binding protein (SVBP) complex underlies much, but not all, detyrosination. We used haploid genetic screens to identify an unannotated protein, microtubule associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase (MATCAP), as a remaining detyrosinating enzyme. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy structures established MATCAP's cleaving mechanism, substrate specificity, and microtubule recognition. Paradoxically, whereas abrogation of tyrosine religation is lethal in mice, codeletion of MATCAP and SVBP is not. Although viable, defective detyrosination caused microcephaly, associated with proliferative defects during neurogenesis, and abnormal behavior. Thus, MATCAP is a missing component of the detyrosination-tyrosination cycle, revealing the importance of this modification in brain formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Landskron
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jitske Bak
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Athanassios Adamopoulos
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Kaplani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Moraiti
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa G van den Hengel
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Experimental Animal Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno B Bleijerveld
- Proteomics Facility, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joppe Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Heidebrecht
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Linda Henneman
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marin Barisic
- Cell Division and Cytoskeleton, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
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36
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Caporizzo MA, Prosser BL. The microtubule cytoskeleton in cardiac mechanics and heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:364-378. [PMID: 35440741 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule network of cardiac muscle cells has unique architectural and biophysical features to accommodate the demands of the working heart. Advances in live-cell imaging and in deciphering the 'tubulin code' have shone new light on this cytoskeletal network and its role in heart failure. Microtubule-based transport orchestrates the growth and maintenance of the contractile apparatus through spatiotemporal control of translation, while also organizing the specialized membrane systems required for excitation-contraction coupling. To withstand the high mechanical loads of the working heart, microtubules are post-translationally modified and physically reinforced. In response to stress to the myocardium, the microtubule network remodels, typically through densification, post-translational modification and stabilization. Under these conditions, physically reinforced microtubules resist the motion of the cardiomyocyte and increase myocardial stiffness. Accordingly, modified microtubules have emerged as a therapeutic target for reducing stiffness in heart failure. In this Review, we discuss the latest evidence on the contribution of microtubules to cardiac mechanics, the drivers of microtubule network remodelling in cardiac pathologies and the therapeutic potential of targeting cardiac microtubules in acquired heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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37
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Liu C, Chen Y, Xie Y, Xiang M. Tubulin Post-translational Modifications: Potential Therapeutic Approaches to Heart Failure. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:872058. [PMID: 35493101 PMCID: PMC9039000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.872058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, advancing insights into the mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction have focused on the involvement of microtubule network. A variety of tubulin post-translational modifications have been discovered to fine-tune the microtubules’ properties and functions. Given the limits of therapies based on conserved structures of the skeleton, targeting tubulin modifications appears to be a potentially promising therapeutic strategy. Here we review the current understanding of tubulin post-translational modifications in regulating microtubule functions in the cardiac system. We also discussed how altered modifications may lead to a range of cardiac dysfunctions, many of which are linked to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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38
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Mifune T, Tanabe K, Nakashima Y, Tanimura S, Sugiyama H, Sato Y, Wada J. Vasohibin-1 has α-tubulin detyrosinating activity in glomerular podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:93-99. [PMID: 35180473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells in glomeruli, with a complex morphology composed of a cell body, primary processes, and foot processes, which maintain barrier function in glomerular filtration. The microtubule-based cytoskeleton is necessary for podocyte morphology. Microtubule structure and function can be affected by post-translational modification of tubulin, including detyrosination. Recent studies have shown that vasohibin-1 (VASH1), an antiangiogenic factor, has tubulin carboxypeptidase activity that causes detyrosination of α-tubulin. We aimed to examine the role of VASH1 in regulating α-tubulin detyrosination in podocytes and the potential involvement of VASH1 deficiency in renal morphology. In normal mouse kidneys, detyrosinated α-tubulin was mainly identified in glomeruli, especially in podocytes; meanwhile, in cultured immortalized podocytes, α-tubulin detyrosination was promoted with cell differentiation. Notably, α-tubulin detyrosination in glomeruli was diminished in Vash1 homozygous knockout (Vash1-/-) mice, and knockdown of VASH1 in cultured podocytes prevented α-tubulin detyrosination. Although VASH1 deficiency-induced downregulation of detyrosination caused no remarkable glomerular lesions, urinary albuminuria excretion and glomerular volume were significantly higher in Vash1-/- mice than in wild-type mice. Furthermore, decreased glomerular nephrin expression and narrower slit diaphragms width were observed in Vash1-/- mice. Taken together, we demonstrated that α-tubulin detyrosination in podocytes was mainly regulated by VASH1 and that VASH1 deficiency-mediated decreases in α-tubulin detyrosination led to minor alterations in podocyte morphology and predisposition to albuminuria. VASH1 expression and α-tubulin detyrosination may be novel targets for maintaining glomerular filtration barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Mifune
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tanabe
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yuri Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanimura
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugiyama
- Department of Human Resource Development of Dialysis Therapy for Kidney Disease, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Abstract
Microtubules are essential cytoskeletal elements found in all eukaryotic cells. The structure and composition of microtubules regulate their function, and the dynamic remodeling of the network by posttranslational modifications and microtubule-associated proteins generates diverse populations of microtubules adapted for various contexts. In the cardiomyocyte, the microtubules must accommodate the unique challenges faced by a highly contractile, rigidly structured, and long-lasting cell. Through their canonical trafficking role and positioning of mRNA, proteins, and organelles, microtubules regulate essential cardiomyocyte functions such as electrical activity, calcium handling, protein translation, and growth. In a more specialized role, posttranslationally modified microtubules form load-bearing structures that regulate myocyte mechanics and mechanotransduction. Modified microtubules proliferate in cardiovascular diseases, creating stabilized resistive elements that impede cardiomyocyte contractility and contribute to contractile dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the most exciting new concepts emerging from recent studies into canonical and noncanonical roles of cardiomyocyte microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Uchida
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Emily A Scarborough
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
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Duelen R, Costamagna D, Gilbert G, Waele LD, Goemans N, Desloovere K, Verfaillie CM, Sipido KR, Buyse GM, Sampaolesi M. Human iPSC model reveals a central role for NOX4 and oxidative stress in Duchenne cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:352-368. [PMID: 35090586 PMCID: PMC8828550 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle disorder caused by mutations in the Dystrophin gene. Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of early death. We used DMD-patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to model cardiomyopathic features and unravel novel pathologic insights. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiated from DMD hiPSCs showed enhanced premature cell death due to significantly elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from depolarized mitochondria and increased NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). CRISPR-Cas9 correction of Dystrophin restored normal ROS levels. ROS reduction by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), ataluren (PTC124), and idebenone improved hiPSC-CM survival. We show that oxidative stress in DMD hiPSC-CMs was counteracted by stimulating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. ATP can bind to NOX4 and partially inhibit the ROS production. Considering the complexity and the early cellular stress responses in DMD cardiomyopathy, we propose targeting ROS production and preventing detrimental effects of NOX4 on DMD CMs as promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Duelen
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Domiziana Costamagna
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Waele
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Goemans
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunnar M Buyse
- Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Lab, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N4 - bus 804, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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41
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Desmin intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination stabilize growing microtubules in the cardiomyocyte. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:53. [PMID: 36326891 PMCID: PMC9633452 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In heart failure, an increased abundance of post-translationally detyrosinated microtubules stiffens the cardiomyocyte and impedes its contractile function. Detyrosination promotes interactions between microtubules, desmin intermediate filaments, and the sarcomere to increase cytoskeletal stiffness, yet the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. We hypothesized that detyrosination may regulate the growth and shrinkage of dynamic microtubules to facilitate interactions with desmin and the sarcomere. Through a combination of biochemical assays and direct observation of growing microtubule plus-ends in adult cardiomyocytes, we find that desmin is required to stabilize growing microtubules at the level of the sarcomere Z-disk, where desmin also rescues shrinking microtubules from continued depolymerization. Further, reducing detyrosination (i.e. tyrosination) below basal levels promotes frequent depolymerization and less efficient growth of microtubules. This is concomitant with tyrosination promoting the interaction of microtubules with the depolymerizing protein complex of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) and CAP-Gly domain-containing linker protein 1 (CLIP1/CLIP170). The dynamic growth and shrinkage of tyrosinated microtubules reduce their opportunity for stabilizing interactions at the Z-disk region, coincident with tyrosination globally reducing microtubule stability. These data provide a model for how intermediate filaments and tubulin detyrosination establish long-lived and physically reinforced microtubules that stiffen the cardiomyocyte and inform both the mechanism of action and therapeutic index for strategies aimed at restoring tyrosination for the treatment of cardiac disease.
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42
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Sandonà M, Saccone V. Post-translational Modification in Muscular Dystrophies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1382:71-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-05460-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Sanyal C, Pietsch N, Ramirez Rios S, Peris L, Carrier L, Moutin MJ. The detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle of tubulin and its role and dysfunction in neurons and cardiomyocytes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 137:46-62. [PMID: 34924330 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the variety of post-translational modifications to which microtubules are subjected, the detyrosination/re-tyrosination cycle is specific to tubulin. It is conserved by evolution and characterized by the enzymatic removal and re-addition of a gene-encoded tyrosine residue at the C-terminus of α-tubulin. Detyrosinated tubulin can be further converted to Δ2-tubulin by the removal of an additional C-terminal glutamate residue. Detyrosinated and Δ2-tubulin are carried by stable microtubules whereas tyrosinated microtubules are present on dynamic polymers. The cycle regulates trafficking of many cargo transporting molecular motors and is linked to the microtubule dynamics via regulation of microtubule interactions with specific cellular effectors such as kinesin-13. Here, we give an historical overview of the general features discovered for the cycle. We highlight the recent progress toward structure and functioning of the enzymes that keep the levels of tyrosinated and detyrosinated tubulin in cells, the long-known tubulin tyrosine ligase and the recently discovered vasohibin-SVBP complexes. We further describe how the cycle controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons and cardiomyocytes and how deregulations of the cycle are involved in dysfunctions of these highly differentiated cells, leading to neurodegeneration and heart failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadni Sanyal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Niels Pietsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sacnicte Ramirez Rios
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Leticia Peris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CNRS, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Leser JM, Harriot A, Buck HV, Ward CW, Stains JP. Aging, Osteo-Sarcopenia, and Musculoskeletal Mechano-Transduction. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:782848. [PMID: 36004321 PMCID: PMC9396756 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.782848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the mass and function of bone and muscle is an inevitable consequence of healthy aging with early onset and accelerated decline in those with chronic disease. Termed osteo-sarcopenia, this condition predisposes the decreased activity, falls, low-energy fractures, and increased risk of co-morbid disease that leads to musculoskeletal frailty. The biology of osteo-sarcopenia is most understood in the context of systemic neuro-endocrine and immune/inflammatory alterations that drive inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced autophagy, and cellular senescence in the bone and muscle. Here we integrate these concepts to our growing understanding of how bone and muscle senses, responds and adapts to mechanical load. We propose that age-related alterations in cytoskeletal mechanics alter load-sensing and mechano-transduction in bone osteocytes and muscle fibers which underscores osteo-sarcopenia. Lastly, we examine the evidence for exercise as an effective countermeasure to osteo-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhovmer AS, Manning A, Smith C, Hayes JB, Burnette DT, Wang J, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Dokholyan NV, Singh RK, Tabdanov ED. Mechanical Counterbalance of Kinesin and Dynein Motors in a Microtubular Network Regulates Cell Mechanics, 3D Architecture, and Mechanosensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17528-17548. [PMID: 34677937 PMCID: PMC9291236 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) and MT motor proteins form active 3D networks made of unstretchable cables with rod-like bending mechanics that provide cells with a dynamically changing structural scaffold. In this study, we report an antagonistic mechanical balance within the dynein-kinesin microtubular motor system. Dynein activity drives the microtubular network inward compaction, while isolated activity of kinesins bundles and expands MTs into giant circular bands that deform the cell cortex into discoids. Furthermore, we show that dyneins recruit MTs to sites of cell adhesion, increasing the topographic contact guidance of cells, while kinesins antagonize it via retraction of MTs from sites of cell adhesion. Actin-to-microtubule translocation of septin-9 enhances kinesin-MT interactions, outbalances the activity of kinesins over that of dyneins, and induces the discoid architecture of cells. These orthogonal mechanisms of MT network reorganization highlight the existence of an intricate mechanical balance between motor activities of kinesins and dyneins that controls cell 3D architecture, mechanics, and cell-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
- . Tel: 1-301-402-1606
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
| | - Chynna Smith
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - James B. Hayes
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Dylan T. Burnette
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- . Tel: 1-301-503-4033
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- . Tel: 1-717-531-5177
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States
- . Tel: 1-585-276-6281
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
- . Tel: 1-717-531-0003 Ext: 4430
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46
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Lin PK, Salvador J, Xie J, Aguera KN, Koller GM, Kemp SS, Griffin CT, Davis GE. Selective and Marked Blockade of Endothelial Sprouting Behavior Using Paclitaxel and Related Pharmacologic Agents. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:2245-2264. [PMID: 34563512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whether alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton affect the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to sprout and form branching networks of tubes was investigated in this study. Bioassays of human EC tubulogenesis, where both sprouting behavior and lumen formation can be rigorously evaluated, were used to demonstrate that addition of the microtubule-stabilizing drugs, paclitaxel, docetaxel, ixabepilone, and epothilone B, completely interferes with EC tip cells and sprouting behavior, while allowing for EC lumen formation. In bioassays mimicking vasculogenesis using single or aggregated ECs, these drugs induce ring-like lumens from single cells or cyst-like spherical lumens from multicellular aggregates with no evidence of EC sprouting behavior. Remarkably, treatment of these cultures with a low dose of the microtubule-destabilizing drug, vinblastine, led to an identical result, with complete blockade of EC sprouting, but allowing for EC lumen formation. Administration of paclitaxel in vivo markedly interfered with angiogenic sprouting behavior in developing mouse retina, providing corroboration. These findings reveal novel biological activities for pharmacologic agents that are widely utilized in multidrug chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of human malignant cancers. Overall, this work demonstrates that manipulation of microtubule stability selectively interferes with the ability of ECs to sprout, a necessary step to initiate and form branched capillary tube networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jun Xie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gretchen M Koller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Courtney T Griffin
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.
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Atmanli A, Chai AC, Cui M, Wang Z, Nishiyama T, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Cardiac Myoediting Attenuates Cardiac Abnormalities in Human and Mouse Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Circ Res 2021; 129:602-616. [PMID: 34372664 PMCID: PMC8416801 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Atmanli
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andreas C. Chai
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Miao Cui
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaoning Wang
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Takahiko Nishiyama
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Barefield DY, Sell JJ, Tahtah I, Kearns SD, McNally EM, Demonbreun AR. Loss of dysferlin or myoferlin results in differential defects in excitation-contraction coupling in mouse skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15865. [PMID: 34354129 PMCID: PMC8342512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are disorders characterized by progressive muscle loss and weakness that are both genotypically and phenotypically heterogenous. Progression of muscle disease arises from impaired regeneration, plasma membrane instability, defective membrane repair, and calcium mishandling. The ferlin protein family, including dysferlin and myoferlin, are calcium-binding, membrane-associated proteins that regulate membrane fusion, trafficking, and tubule formation. Mice lacking dysferlin (Dysf), myoferlin (Myof), and both dysferlin and myoferlin (Fer) on an isogenic inbred 129 background were previously demonstrated that loss of both dysferlin and myoferlin resulted in more severe muscle disease than loss of either gene alone. Furthermore, Fer mice had disordered triad organization with visibly malformed transverse tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum, suggesting distinct roles of dysferlin and myoferlin. To assess the physiological role of disorganized triads, we now assessed excitation contraction (EC) coupling in these models. We identified differential abnormalities in EC coupling and ryanodine receptor disruption in flexor digitorum brevis myofibers isolated from ferlin mutant mice. We found that loss of dysferlin alone preserved sensitivity for EC coupling and was associated with larger ryanodine receptor clusters compared to wildtype myofibers. Loss of myoferlin alone or together with a loss of dysferlin reduced sensitivity for EC coupling, and produced disorganized and smaller ryanodine receptor cluster size compared to wildtype myofibers. These data reveal impaired EC coupling in Myof and Fer myofibers and slightly potentiated EC coupling in Dysf myofibers. Despite high homology, dysferlin and myoferlin have differential roles in regulating sarcotubular formation and maintenance resulting in unique impairments in calcium handling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Jordan J Sell
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ibrahim Tahtah
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Samuel D Kearns
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-500, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Lurie 5-512, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Gould NR, Torre OM, Leser JM, Stains JP. The cytoskeleton and connected elements in bone cell mechano-transduction. Bone 2021; 149:115971. [PMID: 33892173 PMCID: PMC8217329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a mechano-responsive tissue that adapts to changes in its mechanical environment. Increases in strain lead to increased bone mass acquisition, whereas decreases in strain lead to a loss of bone mass. Given that mechanical stress is a regulator of bone mass and quality, it is important to understand how bone cells sense and transduce these mechanical cues into biological changes to identify druggable targets that can be exploited to restore bone cell mechano-sensitivity or to mimic mechanical load. Many studies have identified individual cytoskeletal components - microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments - as mechano-sensors in bone. However, given the high interconnectedness and interaction between individual cytoskeletal components, and that they can assemble into multiple discreet cellular structures, it is likely that the cytoskeleton as a whole, rather than one specific component, is necessary for proper bone cell mechano-transduction. This review will examine the role of each cytoskeletal element in bone cell mechano-transduction and will present a unified view of how these elements interact and work together to create a mechano-sensor that is necessary to control bone formation following mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Gould
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA..
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Caporizzo MA, Prosser BL. Need for Speed: The Importance of Physiological Strain Rates in Determining Myocardial Stiffness. Front Physiol 2021; 12:696694. [PMID: 34393820 PMCID: PMC8361601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.696694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is viscoelastic, meaning its compliance is inversely proportional to the speed at which it stretches. During diastolic filling, the left ventricle rapidly expands at rates where viscoelastic forces impact ventricular compliance. In heart disease, myocardial viscoelasticity is often increased and can directly impede diastolic filling to reduce cardiac output. Thus, treatments that reduce myocardial viscoelasticity may provide benefit in heart failure, particularly for patients with diastolic heart failure. Yet, many experimental techniques either cannot or do not characterize myocardial viscoelasticity, and our understanding of the molecular regulators of viscoelasticity and its impact on cardiac performance is lacking. Much of this may stem from a reliance on techniques that either do not interrogate viscoelasticity (i.e., use non-physiological rates of strain) or techniques that compromise elements that contribute to viscoelasticity (i.e., skinned or permeabilized muscle preparations that compromise cytoskeletal integrity). Clinically, cardiac viscoelastic characterization is challenging, requiring the addition of strain-rate modulation during invasive hemodynamics. Despite these challenges, data continues to emerge demonstrating a meaningful contribution of viscoelasticity to cardiac physiology and pathology, and thus innovative approaches to characterize viscoelasticity stand to illuminate fundamental properties of myocardial mechanics and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Caporizzo
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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