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Lymperopoulos A. Clinical pharmacology of cardiac cyclic AMP in human heart failure: too much or too little? Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2023; 16:623-630. [PMID: 37403791 PMCID: PMC10529896 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2023.2233891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major signaling hub in cardiac physiology. Although cAMP signaling has been extensively studied in cardiac cells and animal models of heart failure (HF), not much is known about its actual amount present inside human failing or non-failing cardiomyocytes. Since many drugs used in HF work via cAMP, it is crucial to determine the status of its intracellular levels in failing vs. normal human hearts. AREAS COVERED Only studies performed on explanted/excised cardiac tissues from patients were examined. Studies that contained no data from human hearts or no data on cAMP levels per se were excluded from this perspective's analysis. EXPERT OPINION Currently, there is no consensus on the status of cAMP levels in human failing vs. non-failing hearts. Several studies on animal models may suggest maladaptive (e.g. pro-apoptotic) effects of cAMP on HF, advocating for cAMP lowering for therapy, but human studies almost universally indicate that myocardial cAMP levels are deficient in human failing hearts. It is the expert opinion of this perspective that intracellular cAMP levels are too low in human failing hearts, contributing to the disease. Strategies to increase (restore), not decrease, these levels should be pursued in human HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Lin Z. More than a key-the pathological roles of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in COVID-19 related cardiac injury. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023:S2666-3376(23)00024-0. [PMID: 37361919 PMCID: PMC10062797 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury is common in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and cardiac abnormalities have been observed in a significant number of recovered COVID-19 patients, portending long-term health issues for millions of infected individuals. To better understand how Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CoV-2 for short) damages the heart, it is critical to fully comprehend the biology of CoV-2 encoded proteins, each of which may play multiple pathological roles. For example, CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (CoV-2-S) not only engages angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) to mediate virus infection but also directly activates immune responses. In this work, the goal is to review the known pathological roles of CoV-2-S in the cardiovascular system, thereby shedding lights on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 related cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lin
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, 2150 Bleecker Street, Utica, NY, 13501, USA
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Li X, Shen Y, Xu X, Guo G, Chen Y, Wei Q, Li H, He K, Liu C. Genomic and RNA-Seq profiling of patients with HFrEF unraveled OAS1 mutation and aggressive expression. Int J Cardiol 2023; 375:44-54. [PMID: 36414043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathophysiological state characterized by inadequate delivery of blood and nutrients to the cardiac tissues. It is rarely curable and is commonly associated with a poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to analyse exomic and RNA-Seq data from patients with HF to identify the key altered pathways in HF. METHODS Whole blood samples were collected from patients with HF and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-Seq analysis. The gene expression and RNA-Seq data obtained were verified using gene chip analysis and RT-PCR. RESULTS Both exomic and RNA-Seq data confirmed the dysregulation of phosphorylation and immune signalling in patients with HF. Specifically, exomic analysis showed that TITIN, OBSCURIN, NOD2, CDH2, MAP3K5, and SLC17A4 mutations were associated with HF, and RNA-Seq revealed that S100A12, S100A8, S100A9, PFDN5, and TMCC2, were upregulated in patients with HF. Additionally, comparison between RNA-seq and WES data showed that OAS1 mutations are associated with HF. CONLCUSION Our findings indicated that patients with HF show an overall disruption of key phosphorylation and immune signalling pathways. Based on RNA-seq and WES, OAS1 mutations may be primarily responsible for these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanying Shen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ge Guo
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qingxia Wei
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hanlu Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Kunlun He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing 100853, China; Medical Big Data Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, Beijing 100853, China.
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Tang WW, Naga Prasad SV. Autoantibodies and Cardiomyopathy: Focus on Beta-1 Adrenergic Receptor Autoantibodies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:354-363. [PMID: 35323150 PMCID: PMC9452444 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Antibody response to self-antigens leads to autoimmune response that plays a determinant role in cardiovascular disease outcomes including dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although the origins of the self-reactive endogenous autoantibodies are not well-characterized, it is believed to be triggered by tissue injury or dysregulated humoral response. Autoantibodies that recognize G protein-coupled receptors are considered consequential because they act as modulators of downstream receptor signaling displaying a wide range of unique pharmacological properties. These wide range of pharmacological properties exhibited by autoantibodies has cellular consequences that is associated with progression of disease including DCM. Increase in autoantibodies recognizing beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR), a G protein-coupled receptor critical for cardiac function, is observed in patients with DCM. Cellular and animal model studies have indicated pathological roles for the β1AR autoantibodies but less is understood about the molecular basis of their modulatory effects. Despite the recognition that β1AR autoantibodies could mediate deleterious outcomes, emerging evidence suggests that not all β1AR autoantibodies are deleterious. Recent clinical studies show that β1AR autoantibodies belonging to the IgG3 subclass is associated with beneficial cardiac outcomes in patients. This suggests that our understanding on the roles the β1AR autoantibodies play in mediating outcomes is not well-understood. Technological advances including structural determinants of antibody binding could provide insights on the modulatory capabilities of β1AR autoantibodies in turn, reflecting their diversity in mediating β1AR signaling response. In this study, we discuss the significance of the diversity in signaling and its implications in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Understanding the Role of SERCA2a Microdomain Remodeling in Heart Failure Induced by Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050163. [PMID: 35621874 PMCID: PMC9147026 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are on trend to become a huge burden across all ages. They cause harm to almost every organ, especially the heart. For decades, the incidence of heart failure with impaired diastolic function (or called heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF) has increased sharply. More and more studies have uncovered obesity and T2D to be closely associated with HFpEF. The sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase2a (SERCA2a) microdomain is a key regulator of calcium reuptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during diastole. 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and its downstream effector cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) act locally within the SERCA2a microdomain to regulate the phosphorylation state of the small regulatory protein phospholamban (PLN), which forms a complex with SERCA2a. When phosphorylated, PLN promotes calcium reuptake into the SR and diastolic cardiac relaxation by disinhibiting SERCA2a pump function. In this review, we will discuss previous studies investigating the PLN/SERCA2a microdomain in obesity and T2D in order to gain a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind obesity- and T2D-induced diastolic dysfunction, with the aim to identify the current state of knowledge and future work that is needed to guide further research in the field.
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Ravi R, Fernandes Silva L, Vangipurapu J, Maria M, Raivo J, Helisalmi S, Laakso M. Metabolite Signature in the Carriers of Pathogenic Genetic Variants for Cardiomyopathy: A Population-Based METSIM Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:437. [PMID: 35629941 PMCID: PMC9143630 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies are among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death. We identified 38 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant carriers for HCM in three sarcomere genes (MYH7, MYBPC3, TPMI) among 9.928 participants of the METSIM Study having whole exome sequencing data available. Eight of them had a clinical diagnosis of HCM. We also identified 20 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant carriers for DCM in the TTN gene, and six of them had a clinical diagnosis of DCM. The aim of our study was to investigate the metabolite signature in the carriers of the pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants for HCM and DCM, compared to age- and body-mass-index-matched controls. Our novel findings were that the carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants for HCM had significantly increased concentrations of bradykinin (des-arg 9), vanillactate, and dimethylglycine and decreased concentrations of polysaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and lysophosphatidylcholines compared with the controls without HCM. Additionally, our novel findings were that the carriers of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants for DCM had significantly decreased concentrations of 1,5-anhydrogluticol, histidine betaine, N-acetyltryptophan, and methylsuccinate and increased concentrations of trans-4-hydroxyproline compared to the controls without DCM. Our population-based study shows that the metabolite signature of the genetic variants for HCM and DCM includes several novel metabolic pathways not previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowmika Ravi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Lilian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Maleeha Maria
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Joose Raivo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (R.R.); (L.F.S.); (J.V.); (J.R.); (S.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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Lin IC, Wu CW, Lin YJ, Lo MH, Hsieh KS, Chan JYH, Wu KLH. Milrinone effects on cardiac mitochondria, hemodynamics, and death in catecholamine-infused rats. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1309-1315. [PMID: 35121850 PMCID: PMC8814569 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-01964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catecholamine-storm is considered the major cause of enterovirus 71-associated cardiopulmonary death. To elucidate the effect of milrinone on cardiac mitochondria and death, a rat model of catecholamine-induced heart failure was investigated. METHODS Young male Spray-Dawley rats received a continuous intravenous infusion of norepinephrine then followed by co-treatment with and without milrinone or esmolol. Vital signs were monitored and echocardiography was performed at indicated time points. At the end of experiments, hearts were extracted to study mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and DNA copy numbers. RESULTS Hypernorepinephrinemia induced persistent tachycardia, hypertension, and high mortality and significantly impaired the activities of the electron transport chain and suppressed mitochondrial DNA copy number, mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-α. Norepinephrine-induced hypertension could be significantly suppressed by milrinone and esmolol. Milrinone improved but esmolol deteriorated the survival rate. The left ventricle was significantly enlarged shortly after norepinephrine infusion but later gradually reduced in size by milrinone. The impairment and suppression of mitochondrial function could be significantly reversed by milrinone but not by esmolol. CONCLUSIONS Milrinone may protect the heart via maintaining mitochondrial function from hypernorepinephrinemia. This study warrants the importance of milrinone and the preservation of mitochondrial function in the treatment of catecholamine-induced death. IMPACT Milrinone may protect the heart from hypernorepinephrinemia-induced death via maintaining myocardial mitochondrial activity, function, and copy number. Maintenance of cardiac mitochondrial function may be a potential therapeutic strategy in such catecholamine-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Lin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Sheng Hsieh
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Pediatrics, Shuang Ho Hospital—Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kay L. H. Wu
- grid.413804.aInstitute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan ,grid.469082.10000 0004 0634 2650Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ghionzoli N, Gentile F, Del Franco AM, Castiglione V, Aimo A, Giannoni A, Burchielli S, Cameli M, Emdin M, Vergaro G. Current and emerging drug targets in heart failure treatment. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:1119-1136. [PMID: 34273070 PMCID: PMC9197912 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
After initial strategies targeting inotropism and congestion, the neurohormonal interpretative model of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology has set the basis for current pharmacological management of HF, as most of guideline recommended drug classes, including beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, blunt the activation of detrimental neurohormonal axes, namely sympathetic and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) systems. More recently, sacubitril/valsartan, a first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, combining inhibition of RAAS and potentiation of the counter-regulatory natriuretic peptide system, has been consistently demonstrated to reduce mortality and HF-related hospitalization. A number of novel pharmacological approaches have been tested during the latest years, leading to mixed results. Among them, drugs acting directly at a second messenger level, such as the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator vericiguat, or other addressing myocardial energetics and mitochondrial function, such as elamipretide or omecamtiv-mecarbil, will likely change the therapeutic management of patients with HF. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, initially designed for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been recently demonstrated to improve outcome in HF, although mechanisms of their action on cardiovascular system are yet to be elucidated. Most of these emerging approaches have shifted the therapeutic target from neurohormonal systems to the heart, by improving cardiac contractility, metabolism, fibrosis, inflammation, and remodeling. In the present paper, we review from a pathophysiological perspective current and novel therapeutic strategies in chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ghionzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Maria Del Franco
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Aimo
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Giannoni
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vergaro
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Via Moruzzi, 1 - 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
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Val‐Blasco A, Gil‐Fernández M, Rueda A, Pereira L, Delgado C, Smani T, Ruiz Hurtado G, Fernández‐Velasco M. Ca 2+ mishandling in heart failure: Potential targets. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13691. [PMID: 34022101 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post-translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angélica Rueda
- Department of Biochemistry Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV‐IPN) México City Mexico
| | - Laetitia Pereira
- INSERM UMR‐S 1180 Laboratory of Ca Signaling and Cardiovascular Physiopathology University Paris‐Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols Madrid Spain
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling Biomedical Research Institute "Alberto Sols" CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics University of Seville Seville Spain
- Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Institute of Biomedicine of Seville University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CSIC Seville Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory Institute of Research i+12 University Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐CV University Hospita1 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Maria Fernández‐Velasco
- La Paz University Hospital Health Research Institute IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) Madrid Spain
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AlHabeeb W, Mrabeti S, Abdelsalam AAI. Therapeutic Properties of Highly Selective β-blockers With or Without Additional Vasodilator Properties: Focus on Bisoprolol and Nebivolol in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:959-971. [PMID: 34106365 PMCID: PMC9519665 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bisoprolol and nebivolol are highly selective β1-adrenoceptor antagonists, with clinical indications in many countries within the management of heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and hypertension. Nebivolol has additional vasodilator actions, related to enhanced release of NO in the vascular wall. In principle, this additional mechanism compared with bisoprolol might lead to more potent vasodilatation, which in turn might influence the effectiveness of nebivolol in the management of HFrEF, IHD and hypertension. In this article, we review the therapeutic properties of bisoprolol and nebivolol, as representatives of “second generation” and “third generation” β-blockers, respectively. Although head-to-head trials are largely lacking, there is no clear indication from published studies of an additional effect of nebivolol on clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF or the magnitude of reductions of BP in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed AlHabeeb
- Cardiac Sciences Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sanaa Mrabeti
- General Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical Affairs EMEA, Merck Serono Middle East FZ-LLC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Adenoviral βARKct Cardiac Gene Transfer Ameliorates Postresuscitation Myocardial Injury in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest. Shock 2020; 52:631-638. [PMID: 31725109 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether the inhibition of the G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 by adenoviral βARKct cardiac gene transfer can ameliorate postresuscitation myocardial injury in pigs with cardiac arrest (CA) and explore the mechanism of myocardial protection. METHODS Male landrace domestic pigs were randomized into the sham group (anesthetized and instrumented, but ventricular fibrillation was not induced) (n = 4), control group (ventricular fibrillation 8 min, n = 8), and βARKct group (ventricular fibrillation 8 min, n = 8). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored continuously. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed by echocardiography at baseline and 6 h after ROSC. These animals were euthanized, and the cardiac tissue was removed for analysis at 6 h after ROSC. RESULTS Compared with those in the sham group, left ventricular +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, cardiac output (CO), and ejection fraction (EF) in the control group and the βARKct group were significantly decreased at 6 h after the restoration of spontaneous circulation. However, the βARKct treatment produced better left ventricular +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax, CO, and EF after ROSC. The βARKct treatment also produced lower serum cardiac troponin I, CK-MB, and lactate after ROSC. Furthermore, the adenoviral βARKct gene transfer significantly increased β1 adrenergic receptors, SERCA2a, RyR2 levels, and decreased GRK2 levels compared to control. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of GRK2 by adenoviral βARKct cardiac gene transfer can ameliorate postresuscitation myocardial injury through beneficial effects on restoring the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-handling proteins expression and upregulating the β1-adrenergic receptor level after cardiac arrest.
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Keretsu S, Bhujbal SP, Joo Cho S. Computational study of paroxetine-like inhibitors reveals new molecular insight to inhibit GRK2 with selectivity over ROCK1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13053. [PMID: 31506468 PMCID: PMC6736929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48949-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) regulates the desensitization of beta-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), and its overexpression has been implicated in heart failure. Hence, the inhibition of GRK2 is considered to be an important drug target for the treatment of heart failure. Due to the high sequence similarity of GRK2 with the A, G, and C family (AGC family) of kinases, the inhibition of GRK2 also leads to the inhibition of AGC kinases such as Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1). Therefore, unraveling the mechanisms to selectively inhibit GRK2 poses an important challenge. We have performed molecular docking, three dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and free energy calculations techniques on a series of 53 paroxetine-like compounds to understand the structural properties desirable for enhancing the inhibitory activity for GRK2 with selectivity over ROCK1. The formation of stable hydrogen bond interactions with the residues Phe202 and Lys220 of GRK2 seems to be important for selective inhibition of GRK2. Electropositive substituents at the piperidine ring and electronegative substituents near the amide linker between the benzene ring and pyrazole ring showed a higher inhibitory preference for GRK2 over ROCK1. This study may be used in designing more potent and selective GRK2 inhibitors for therapeutic intervention of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Swapnil P Bhujbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Schwalbe T, Huebner H, Gmeiner P. Development of covalent antagonists for β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2959-2971. [PMID: 31151791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The selective covalent tethering of ligands to a specific GPCR binding site has attracted considerable interest in structural biology, molecular pharmacology and drug design. We recently reported on a covalently binding noradrenaline analog (FAUC37) facilitating crystallization of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2ARH2.64C) in an active state. We herein present the stereospecific synthesis of covalently binding disulfide ligands based on the pharmacophores of adrenergic β1- and β2 receptor antagonists. Radioligand depletion experiments revealed that the disulfide-functionalized ligands were able to rapidly form a covalent bond with a specific cysteine residue of the receptor mutants β1ARI2.64C and β2ARH2.64C. The propranolol derivative (S)-1a induced nearly complete irreversible blockage of the β2ARH2.64C within 30 min incubation. The CGP20712A-based ligand (S)-4 showed efficient covalent blocking of the β2ARH2.64C at very low concentrations. The analog (S)-5a revealed extraordinary covalent cross-linking at the β1ARI2.64C and β2ARH2.64C mutant while retaining a 41-fold selectivity for the β1AR wild type over β2AR. These compounds may serve as valuable molecular tools for studying β1/β2 subtype selectivity or investigations on GPCR trafficking and dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schwalbe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Huebner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Makowka P, Bruegmann T, Dusend V, Malan D, Beiert T, Hesse M, Fleischmann BK, Sasse P. Optogenetic stimulation of G s-signaling in the heart with high spatio-temporal precision. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1281. [PMID: 30894542 PMCID: PMC6426906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The standard technique for investigating adrenergic effects on heart function is perfusion with pharmaceutical agonists, which does not provide high temporal or spatial precision. Herein we demonstrate that the light sensitive Gs-protein coupled receptor JellyOp enables optogenetic stimulation of Gs-signaling in cardiomyocytes and the whole heart. Illumination of transgenic embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes or of the right atrium of mice expressing JellyOp elevates cAMP levels and instantaneously accelerates spontaneous beating rates similar to pharmacological β-adrenergic stimulation. Light application to the dorsal left atrium instead leads to supraventricular extrabeats, indicating adverse effects of localized Gs-signaling. In isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from JellyOp mice, we find increased Ca2+ currents, fractional cell shortening and relaxation rates after illumination enabling the analysis of differential Gs-signaling with high temporal precision. Thus, JellyOp expression allows localized and time-restricted Gs stimulation and will provide mechanistic insights into different effects of site-specific, long-lasting and pulsatile Gs activation. Studying adrenergic signalling in the heart requires perfusion with receptor agonists, which lacks cell specificity and spatiotemporal control. Here the authors use the light sensitive G-coupled receptor JellyOp to optogenetically control Gs-signaling in cardiomyocytes and intact hearts with high spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Makowka
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Dusend
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Beiert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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15
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Qian W, Yu D, Zhang J, Hu Q, Tang C, Liu P, Ye P, Wang X, Lv Q, Chen M, Sheng L. Wogonin Attenuates Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy in Mice by Suppressing the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:896. [PMID: 30150938 PMCID: PMC6099096 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on identifying therapeutic targets of myocardial hypertrophy for the treatment of correlative cardiac events. Wogonin is a natural flavonoid compound that displays a potent anti-hypertrophic effect. Knowledge of its pharmacological mechanisms might reveal an effective way to search for therapeutic targets. Myocardial hypertrophy was replicated by the subcutaneous implantation of an isoprenaline mini-pump in mice or isoprenaline treatment of H9C2 cells. Pathologic changes in cardiac structure were assessed by echocardiographic and histological examinations. The signaling transduction in hypertrophy-promoting pathways and the genes involved were detected by western blot and RT-qPCR. Wogonin significantly attenuated isoprenaline-induced myocardial hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro by suppressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) hypertrophy-promoting pathway. Wogonin promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (Pik3ca), the catalytic subunit of PI3K, which was upregulated by isoprenaline treatment. Wogonin also increased the expression of neural precursor cells expressing developmentally down-regulated gene 4-like (Nedd4l), the ubiquitin E3 ligase of Pik3ca. Therefore, wogonin targets Nedd4l to induce the degradation of Pik3ca, which reverses the over-activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and consequently relieves the isoprenaline-induced myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuanfeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiu Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Khalilimeybodi A, Daneshmehr A, Sharif-Kashani B. Investigating β-adrenergic-induced cardiac hypertrophy through computational approach: classical and non-classical pathways. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:503-520. [PMID: 28674776 PMCID: PMC10717155 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chronic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors plays a crucial role in cardiac hypertrophy and its progression to heart failure. In β-adrenergic signaling, in addition to the well-established classical pathway, Gs/AC/cAMP/PKA, activation of non-classical pathways such as Gi/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β and Gi/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK contribute in cardiac hypertrophy. The signaling network of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is very complex and not fully understood. So, we use a computational approach to investigate the dynamic response and contribution of β-adrenergic mediators in cardiac hypertrophy. The proposed computational model provides insights into the effects of β-adrenergic classical and non-classical pathways on the activity of hypertrophic transcription factors CREB and GATA4. The results illustrate that the model captures the dynamics of the main signaling mediators and reproduces the experimental observations well. The results also show that despite the low portion of β2 receptors out of total cardiac β-adrenergic receptors, their contribution in the activation of hypertrophic mediators and regulation of β-adrenergic-induced hypertrophy is noticeable and variations in β1/β2 receptors ratio greatly affect the ISO-induced hypertrophic response. The model results illustrate that GSK3β deactivation after β-adrenergic receptor stimulation has a major influence on CREB and GATA4 activation and consequent cardiac hypertrophy. Also, it is found through sensitivity analysis that PKB (Akt) activation has both pro-hypertrophic and anti-hypertrophic effects in β-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Daneshmehr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Sharif-Kashani
- Department of Cardiology, Massih-Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Wang J, Wang F, Zhu J, Song M, An J, Li W. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals PHLDA1 as a Novel Molecular Marker for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:102-109. [PMID: 29736818 PMCID: PMC5978804 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) represents a worldwide health issue owning to its high sudden death rate. Easy diagnosis and effective treatment of ICM are still lacking. Identification of novel molecular markers will help illustrate the pathophysiology of ICM and facilitate its diagnosis and targeted treatment. Transcription profiling could be an easy and efficient way for identifying new markers. However, the mega data in the available database may contain a large number of false-positive hits. To identify the true marker for ICM, we systematically compared available microarray datasets in the GEO database and identified 26 genes that are shared by all datasets. We further verified the expression pattern of these 26 genes in ICM rat model. Only 12 genes show significant differential expression in our animal model. Among them, we focused on PHLDA1, a well-documented pro-apoptotic factor. Expression of PHLDA1 was elevated in both ischemic cardiac cell lines and in rat model. Overexpression of PHLDA1 promotes apoptosis of cardiac muscle cell. Meanwhile, PHLDA1 not only inhibited AKT pathway, but also activated p53 pathway. We thus confirmed PHLDA1 as a true molecular marker for ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingbin Zhu
- Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mei Song
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jinghong An
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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18
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Val-Blasco A, Navarro-García JA, Tamayo M, Piedras MJ, Prieto P, Delgado C, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Rozas-Romero L, Gil-Fernández M, Zaragoza C, Boscá L, Fernández-Velasco M. Deficiency of NOD1 Improves the β-Adrenergic Modulation of Ca 2+ Handling in a Mouse Model of Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 29962957 PMCID: PMC6010671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by cardiac dysfunction, Ca2+ mishandling, and chronic activation of the innate immune system. Reduced cardiac output in HF leads to compensatory mechanisms via activation of the adrenergic nervous system. In turn, chronic adrenergic overstimulation induces pro-arrhythmic events, increasing the rate of sudden death in failing patients. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is an innate immune modulator that plays a key role in HF progression. NOD1 deficiency in mice prevents Ca2+ mishandling in HF under basal conditions, but its role during β-adrenergic stimulation remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether NOD1 regulates the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ signaling in HF. Ca2+ dynamics were examined before and after isoproterenol perfusion in cardiomyocytes isolated from healthy and from post-myocardial infarction (PMI) wild-type (WT) and Nod1-/- mice. Isoproterenol administration induced similar effects on intracellular [Ca2+]i transients, cell contraction, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-Ca2+ load in healthy WT and Nod1-/- cells. However, compared with WT-PMI cells, isoproterenol exposure induced a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i transients and cell contraction parameters in Nod1-/--PMI cells, which mainly due to an increase in SR-Ca2+ load. NOD1 deficiency also prevented the increase in diastolic Ca2+ leak (Ca2+ waves) induced by isoproterenol in PMI cells. mRNA levels of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors were significantly higher in Nod1-/--PMI hearts vs WT-PMI hearts. Healthy cardiomyocytes pre-treated with the selective agonist of NOD1, iE-DAP, and perfused with isoproterenol showed diminished [Ca2+]i transients amplitude, cell contraction, and SR-Ca2+ load compared with vehicle-treated cells. iE-DAP-treated cells also presented increased diastolic Ca2+ leak under β-adrenergic stimulation. The selectivity of iE-DAP on Ca2+ handling was validated by pre-treatment with the inactive analog of NOD1, iE-Lys. Overall, our data establish that NOD1 deficiency improves the β-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ handling in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Val-Blasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A. Navarro-García
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Tamayo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J. Piedras
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Patricia Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Rozas-Romero
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Fernández
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Innate Immune Response Group, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: María Fernández-Velasco, ;
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19
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Feng CC, Liao PH, Tsai HI, Cheng SM, Yang LY, PadmaViswanadha V, Pan LF, Chen RJ, Lo JF, Huang CY. Tumorous imaginal disc 1 (TID1) inhibits isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis by regulating c-terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) mediated degradation of Gαs. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:1537-1546. [PMID: 30443176 PMCID: PMC6216068 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.24296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by ventricular chamber dilation, and myocyte hypertrophy. Human tumorous imaginal disc 1 (Tid1), a chaperone protein and response to regulate number of signaling molecules in the mitochondria or cytosol. Tid1 also plays a major role in preventing DCM; however, the role of Tid1 in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac apoptosis and hypertrophy remains unclear. H9c2 cells were pretreated Tid1 before ISO-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis and then evaluated by IHC, TUNEL assay, IFC, Co-IP, and Western blot. From the IHC experiment, we found that Tid1 proteins were increased in tissues from different stages of human myocardial infarction. Using H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells we found that Tid1 was decreased by ISO treatment. However, over-expression of Tid1S suppressed NFATc3, BNP and calcineurin protein expression and inhibited NFATc3 nuclear translocation in ISO induced cardiomyoblast cells. On the other hand, Tid1S over-expression activated survival proteins p-AKTser473 and decreased caspase-3 and cytochrome c expression. We also found that overexpression of Tid1 enhanced CHIP expression, and induced CHIP to ubiquitinate Gαs, resulting in increased Gαs degradation. Our study showed that Gαs is a novel substrate of CHIP, and we also found that the Tid1-CHIP complex plays an essential role in inhibiting ISO induced cardiomyoblast hypertrophy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Feng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Medical Research Center For Exosomes and Mitochondria Related Diseases, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-I Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Min Cheng
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yo Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Lung-Fa Pan
- Cardiology Department of Taichung Armed Forced General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences of Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fan Lo
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Medical Research Center For Exosomes and Mitochondria Related Diseases, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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20
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Zhang NQ, Wang CZ, Wang ZZ, Li Z, Sai JY, Meng Y, Wang F, Li PY, Liu JP. Anti-myocardial ischaemic effect of pseudoginsenoside F11 by inhibiting expression of beta1-adrenoceptor in rats with coronary artery ligation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Brown DA, Perry JB, Allen ME, Sabbah HN, Stauffer BL, Shaikh SR, Cleland JGF, Colucci WS, Butler J, Voors AA, Anker SD, Pitt B, Pieske B, Filippatos G, Greene SJ, Gheorghiade M. Expert consensus document: Mitochondrial function as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 14:238-250. [PMID: 28004807 PMCID: PMC5350035 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a pressing worldwide public-health problem with millions of patients having worsening heart failure. Despite all the available therapies, the condition carries a very poor prognosis. Existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, but do not fully address molecular abnormalities that occur in cardiomyocytes. This shortcoming is particularly important given that most patients with heart failure have viable dysfunctional myocardium, in which an improvement or normalization of function might be possible. Although the pathophysiology of heart failure is complex, mitochondrial dysfunction seems to be an important target for therapy to improve cardiac function directly. Mitochondrial abnormalities include impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, increased formation of reactive oxygen species, shifted metabolic substrate utilization, aberrant mitochondrial dynamics, and altered ion homeostasis. In this Consensus Statement, insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure are presented, along with an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to improve the function of the failing heart by targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Mitchell E Allen
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, 1035 Integrated Life Sciences Building, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 East 19th Avenue, B139, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart &Lung Institute, National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton &Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wilson S Colucci
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, C-8, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Health Sciences Center, T-16 Room 080, SUNY at Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- University of Groningen, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Robert-Koch-Straße, D-37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bertram Pitt
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum, and German Heart Center Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- National and Kopodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Athens University Hospital Attikon, Rimini 1, Athens 12462, Greece
| | - Stephen J Greene
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road Suite 7400, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 201 East Huron, Galter 3-150, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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22
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Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develops when cardiac output falls as a result of cardiac injury. The most well-recognized of the compensatory homeostatic responses to a fall in cardiac output are activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). In the short term, these 'neurohormonal' systems induce a number of changes in the heart, kidneys, and vasculature that are designed to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. However, with chronic activation, these responses result in haemodynamic stress and exert deleterious effects on the heart and the circulation. Neurohormonal activation is now known to be one of the most important mechanisms underlying the progression of heart failure, and therapeutic antagonism of neurohormonal systems has become the cornerstone of contemporary pharmacotherapy for heart failure. In this Review, we discuss the effects of neurohormonal activation in HFrEF and highlight the mechanisms by which these systems contribute to disease progression.
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23
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Pasipoularides A. Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Part 2-Morphomechanical Abnormalities, Gene Reexpression, and Gender Effects on Ventricular Hypertrophy and Its Reversibility. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:374-99. [PMID: 27184804 PMCID: PMC4992466 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9695-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In part 1, we considered cytomolecular mechanisms underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), hemodynamics, and adaptive feedbacks controlling pathological left ventricular hypertrophy provoked by ensuing aortic valvular stenosis (AVS). In part 2, we survey diverse signal transduction pathways that precede cellular/molecular mechanisms controlling hypertrophic gene expression by activation of specific transcription factors that induce sarcomere replication in-parallel. Such signaling pathways represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention and prevention of decompensation/failure. Hypertrophy provoking signals, in the form of dynamic stresses and ligand/effector molecules that bind to specific receptors to initiate the hypertrophy, are transcribed across the sarcolemma by several second messengers. They comprise intricate feedback mechanisms involving gene network cascades, specific signaling molecules encompassing G protein-coupled receptors and mechanotransducers, and myocardial stresses. Future multidisciplinary studies will characterize the adaptive/maladaptive nature of the AVS-induced hypertrophy, its gender- and individual patient-dependent peculiarities, and its response to surgical/medical interventions. They will herald more effective, precision medicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ares Pasipoularides
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke/NSF Research Center for Emerging Cardiovascular Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Shaik FA, Singh N, Arakawa M, Duan K, Bhullar RP, Chelikani P. Bitter taste receptors: Extraoral roles in pathophysiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:197-204. [PMID: 27032752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade tremendous progress has been made in understanding the functional role of bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) and bitter taste perception. This review will cover the recent advances made in identifying the role of T2Rs in pathophysiological states. T2Rs are widely expressed in various parts of human anatomy and have been shown to be involved in physiology of respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system. Empirical evidence has shown T2Rs to be an integral component of antimicrobial immune responses in upper respiratory tract infections. The studies on human airway smooth muscle cells have shown that a potent bitter tastant induced bronchodilatory effects mediated by bitter taste receptors. Clinical data suggests a role for T2R38 polymorphism in predisposition of individuals to chronic rhinosinusitis. The role of genetic variation in T2Rs and its impact on disease susceptibility have been investigated in various other disease risk factors such as alcohol dependence, head and neck cancers. Preliminary reports have demonstrated differential expression of functional T2Rs in breast cancer cell lines. Studies on the role of T2Rs in pathophysiology of diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and cancer have been promising. However, research in this field is in its nascent stages, and more confirmatory studies on animal models and in clinical settings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Ahmed Shaik
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Nisha Singh
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Makoto Arakawa
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Kangmin Duan
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Rajinder P Bhullar
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada.
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25
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Rengo G, Pagano G, Filardi PP, Femminella GD, Parisi V, Cannavo A, Liccardo D, Komici K, Gambino G, D'Amico ML, de Lucia C, Paolillo S, Trimarco B, Vitale DF, Ferrara N, Koch WJ, Leosco D. Prognostic Value of Lymphocyte G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase-2 Protein Levels in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Res 2016; 118:1116-24. [PMID: 26884616 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), yet routine assessment of sympathetic nervous system activation is not recommended for clinical practice. Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2) is upregulated in HF patients, causing dysfunctional β-adrenergic receptor signaling. Importantly, myocardial GRK2 levels correlate with levels found in peripheral lymphocytes of HF patients. OBJECTIVE The independent prognostic value of blood GRK2 measurements in HF patients has never been investigated; thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lymphocyte GRK2 levels predict clinical outcome in HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively studied 257 HF patients with mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 31.4±8.5%. At the time of enrollment, plasma norepinephrine, serum NT-proBNP, and lymphocyte GRK2 levels, as well as clinical and instrumental variables were measured. The prognostic value of GRK2 to predict cardiovascular (CV) death and all-cause mortality was assessed using the Cox proportional hazard model including demographic, clinical, instrumental, and laboratory data. Over a mean follow-up period of 37.5±20.2 months (range, 3-60 months), there were 102 CV deaths. Age, left ventricular ejection fraction, New York Heart Association class, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, N-terminal-pro brain natriuretic peptide, and lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels were independent predictors of CV mortality in HF patients. GRK2 levels showed an additional prognostic and clinical value over demographic and clinical variables. The independent prognostic value of lymphocyte GRK2 levels was also confirmed for all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte GRK2 protein levels can independently predict prognosis in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rengo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Gennaro Pagano
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Alessandro Cannavo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Klara Komici
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Maria Loreta D'Amico
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Claudio de Lucia
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Dino Franco Vitale
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
| | - Dario Leosco
- From the Division of Cardiology, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme (BN), Italy (G.R., G.G., D.F.V., N.F.); Division of Geriatrics, Department of Translational Medical Sciences (G.R., G.P., G.D.F., V.P., A.C., D. Liccardo, K.K., G.G., M.L.D.'A., C.d.L., N.F., D. Leosco), Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (P.P.F., B.T.), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; SDN Foundation IRCCS, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy (S.P.); and Department of Pharmacology, Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (A.C., D. Liccardo, W.J.K.).
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Hong S, Dimitrov S, Cheng T, Redwine L, Pruitt C, Mills PJ, Ziegler MG, Green JM, Shaikh F, Wilson K. Beta-adrenergic receptor mediated inflammation control by monocytes is associated with blood pressure and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 50:31-38. [PMID: 26300225 PMCID: PMC4631657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming data indicate that individuals with even mildly elevated blood pressure (BP) are at great risk for developing clinical hypertension and future cardiovascular disease (CVD). There remains a lack of consensus regarding treatment strategies for mildly elevated BP, termed prehypertension, and the knowledge of pathophysiology and mechanisms of its clinical outcomes remains limited. Our primary aim was to investigate βAR-mediated inflammation control (BARIC) responses of blood monocytes to isoproterenol (Iso) in relation to BP and CVD risk factors, including obesity, depressive mood, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in the 64 prehypertensive compared to 84 individuals with normal BP. BARIC was determined by measuring the degree of inhibition in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated monocytic intracellular TNF production by ex vivo Iso treatment (10(-8)M). Depressive mood was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Fasting metabolic and lipid panels were assessed, and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, IL-6 were measured in a subset to confirm proinflammatory state of prehypertensive participants. Prehypertensive participants were older, heavier, included more men, and presented higher levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and plasma TNF compared to normotensive participants (p's<.05). BARIC was significantly attenuated in the prehypertensive compared to normotensive group (p<.05). BARIC was negatively associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP, age, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total and low density cholesterol levels, and somatic depressive symptoms in all participants (p's<.0001 to .05). However, among the prehypertensive individuals BARIC was positively associated with SBP even after controlling for the covariates (age, gender, race, BMI, glucose and lipid panel, somatic BDI scores) (p<.05). This differing nature of the BARIC-SBP relationship between the two BP groups may be attributed to moderating factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness or depressive symptoms that could not be clearly deciphered in this current study. Nonetheless, our findings indicate the associations between inflammation dysregulation mediated by sympathoadrenal activation and BP that is observable even among individuals with normal to mildly elevated BP. BARIC may be a useful and sensitive indicator of elevated risk for vascular inflammatory disease that can be detected even at lower BP levels, especially given its associations with traditional CVD risk factors and the critical role of monocytes in atherogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzi Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA.
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Tiefu Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Laura Redwine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - J Michael Green
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Kathleen Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, USA
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Daliry A, Pereira IR, Pereira-Junior PP, Ramos IP, Vilar-Pereira G, Silvares RR, Lannes-Vieira J, Campos De Carvalho AC. Levels of circulating anti-muscarinic and anti-adrenergic antibodies and their effect on cardiac arrhythmias and dysautonomia in murine models of Chagas disease. Parasitology 2014; 141:1769-78. [PMID: 25093253 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182014001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Antibodies (Ab) recognizing G-protein coupled receptors, such as β 1 and β 2 adrenergic (anti-β 1-AR and anti-β 2-AR, respectively) and muscarinic cholinergic receptors (anti-M2-CR) may contribute to cardiac damage, however their role in chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy is still controversial. We describe that Trypanosoma cruzi-infected C3H/He mice show increased P and QRS wave duration, and PR and QTc intervals, while the most significant ECG alterations in C57BL/6 are prolonged P wave and PR interval. Echocardiogram analyses show right ventricle dilation in infected animals of both mouse lineages. Analyses of heart rate variability (HRV) in chronically infected C3H/He mice show no alteration of the evaluated parameters, while C57BL/6 infected mice display significantly lower values of HRV components, suggesting autonomic dysfunction. The time-course analysis of anti-β 1-AR, anti-β 2-AR and anti-M2-CR Ab titres in C3H/He infected mice indicate that anti-β 1-AR Ab are detected only in the chronic phase, while anti-β 2-AR and anti-M2-CR are observed in the acute phase, diminish at 60 dpi and increase again in the chronic phase. Chronically infected C57BL/6 mice presented a significant increase in only anti-M2-CR Ab titres. Furthermore, anti-β 1-AR, anti-β 2-AR and anti-M2-CR, exhibit significantly higher prevalence in chronically T. cruzi-infected C3H/He mice when compared with C57BL/6. These observations suggest that T. cruzi infection leads to host-specific cardiac electric alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Daliry
- Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil
| | - Isabela Resende Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Pereira-Junior
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia Cardíaca,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
| | - Isalira Peroba Ramos
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
| | - Glaucia Vilar-Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil
| | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratório de Investigação Cardiovascular,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações,Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Campos De Carvalho
- Laboratório de Cardiologia Celular e Molecular,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil
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Activation of lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis reflects haemodynamic inefficiency and functional aerobic impairment in patients with heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:589-602. [PMID: 24863428 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytopenia is associated with an adverse prognosis in heart failure (HF). The present study investigated whether lymphocytopenia results from activated lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis, which reflects haemodynamic inefficiency and functional aerobic impairment in patients with HF. One hundred and twenty-seven patients with HF were divided into three groups: HF with non- (lymphocytes ≥2000 cells/μl; n=45), mild (lymphocytes between ≥1500 cells/μl and <2000 cells/μl; n=39) and severe (lymphocytes <1500 cells/μl; n=43) lymphocytopenia. Lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis, ventilatory/haemodynamic efficiencies and generic/disease-specific quality of life were analysed in these patients with HF and 35 normal counterparts. The results demonstrated that patients with HF with severe lymphocytopenia had (i) increased G-protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) levels, (ii) lower mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels with higher lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2) expression and Acridine Orange (AO) staining, (iii) lower mitochondrial transmembrane potential with higher caspase-3 activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, and (iv) greater extents of adrenaline (epinephrine)-induced apoptosis in lymphocytes, and higher plasma noradrenaline (norepinephrine)/adrenaline, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6 concentrations than patients with HF without lymphocytopenia and normal counterparts did. Moreover, lymphocyte caspase-3 activation was an effect modifier, which modulated the correlation status between lymphocyte count and GRK-2 level. Lymphocyte count was positively correlated with peak cardiac output and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) in patients with HF. In addition, HF with lymphocytopenia was accompanied by lower Short Form-36 physical/mental component scores and increased Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire scores. Therefore, we conclude that increased sympathetic activation and oxidative stress/pro-inflammatory status cause lymphocytopenia by activating programmed lymphocyte death in patients with HF. Moreover, a low lymphocyte count correlates with reduced haemodynamics and aerobic capacity, which reflects poor generic/disease-specific quality of life in patients with HF.
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterized by upregulation of the sympathetic nervous system and abnormal responsiveness of the parasympathetic nervous system. Studies in the 1980s and 1990s demonstrated that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors improved symptoms and mortality in HF resulting from systolic dysfunction, thus providing a framework to consider the use of β-blockers for HF therapy, contrary to the prevailing wisdom of the time. Against this backdrop, this article reviews the contemporary understanding of the sympathetic nervous system and the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Zhang
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Karakikes I, Senyei GD, Hansen J, Kong CW, Azeloglu EU, Stillitano F, Lieu DK, Wang J, Ren L, Hulot JS, Iyengar R, Li RA, Hajjar RJ. Small molecule-mediated directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells toward ventricular cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:18-31. [PMID: 24324277 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of human ventricular cardiomyocytes from human embryonic stem cells and/or induced pluripotent stem cells could fulfill the demand for therapeutic applications and in vitro pharmacological research; however, the production of a homogeneous population of ventricular cardiomyocytes remains a major limitation. By combining small molecules and growth factors, we developed a fully chemically defined, directed differentiation system to generate ventricular-like cardiomyocytes (VCMs) from human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency and reproducibility. Molecular characterization revealed that the differentiation recapitulated the developmental steps of cardiovascular fate specification. Electrophysiological analyses further illustrated the generation of a highly enriched population of VCMs. These chemically induced VCMs exhibited the expected cardiac electrophysiological and calcium handling properties as well as the appropriate chronotropic responses to cardioactive compounds. In addition, using an integrated computational and experimental systems biology approach, we demonstrated that the modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway by the small molecule IWR-1 plays a key role in cardiomyocyte subtype specification. In summary, we developed a reproducible and efficient experimental platform that facilitates a chemical genetics-based interrogation of signaling pathways during cardiogenesis that bypasses the limitations of genetic approaches and provides a valuable source of ventricular cardiomyocytes for pharmacological screenings as well as cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Karakikes
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Department of Physiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Li QS, Liu FQ. Effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on plasma cAMP and cGMP levels in patients with heart failure. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8:217. [PMID: 24279592 PMCID: PMC4222055 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The progression of heart failure is affected by several factors, including chronic stimulation of the β-adrenoceptor. This clinical study was designed to measure the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on the plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE), cAMP, and cGMP in patients with heart failure and assess the clinical implication of TEA. Methods Forty patients with heart failure were randomly assigned to TEA (TEA plus standard care) and control groups (standard care). The plasma concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and NE were measured using ELISA before treatment, the second and fourth weeks of treatment. Results The plasma concentrations of cAMP, cGMP, BNP, and NE in the TEA group were significantly reduced by the fourth week compared to their initial concentrations (P < 0.01, for all parameters) and the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively). The values for left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) in the TEA group improved significantly compared to their initial values and the control group. However, the changes in levels for these indices in the control group were no statistical significant compared to the initial levels. Conclusions TEA can effectively decrease the plasma concentrations of cAMP and cGMP and improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure. The decreased levels of NE and cAMP occurred before the improvement in cardiac function, indicating that the abnormal epidural signal transduction can be corrected in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shu Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Nayyar S, Roberts-Thomson KC, Hasan MA, Sullivan T, Harrington J, Sanders P, Baumert M. Autonomic modulation of repolarization instability in patients with heart failure prone to ventricular tachycardia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1181-8. [PMID: 23934852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00448.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
QT variability (QTV) signifies repolarization lability, and increased QTV is a risk predictor for sudden cardiac death. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of autonomic nervous system activity on QTV. This study was performed in 29 subjects: 10 heart failure (HF) patients with spontaneous ventricular tachycardia [HFVT(+)], 10 HF patients without spontaneous VT [HFVT(-)], and 9 subjects with structurally normal hearts (HNorm). The beat-to-beat QT interval was measured on 3-min records of surface ECGs at baseline and during interventions (atrial pacing and esmolol, isoprenaline, and atropine infusion). Variability in QT intervals was expressed as the SD of all QT intervals (SDQT). The ratio of the SDQT to SD of RR intervals (SDRR) was calculated as an index of QTV normalized to heart rate variability. There was a trend toward a higher baseline SDQT-to-SDRR ratio in the HFVT(+) group compared with the HFVT(-) and HNorm groups (P = 0.09). SDQT increased significantly in the HFVT(+) and HFVT(-) groups compared with the HNorm group during fixed-rate atrial pacing (P = 0.008). Compared with baseline, isoprenaline infusion increased SDQT in HNorm subjects (P = 0.02) but not in HF patients. SDQT remained elevated in the HFVT(+) group relative to the HNorm group despite acute β-adrenoceptor blockade with esmolol (P = 0.02). In conclusion, patients with HF and spontaneous VT have larger fluctuations in beat-to-beat QT intervals. This appears to be a genuine effect that is not solely a consequence of heart rate variation. The effect of acute autonomic nervous system modulation on QTV appears to be limited in HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Nayyar
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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van Berlo JH, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. Signaling effectors underlying pathologic growth and remodeling of the heart. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:37-45. [PMID: 23281408 DOI: 10.1172/jci62839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging individual myocytes to augment cardiac pump function and decrease ventricular wall tension. Initially, such cardiac hypertrophic growth is often compensatory, but as time progresses these changes become maladaptive. Cardiac hypertrophy is the strongest predictor for the development of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Here we discuss therapeutic avenues emerging from molecular and genetic studies of cardiovascular disease in animal models. The majority of these are based on intracellular signaling pathways considered central to pathologic cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, which then leads to heart failure. We focus our discussion on selected therapeutic targets that have more recently emerged and have a tangible translational potential given the available pharmacologic agents that could be readily evaluated in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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Waqar F, Dunlap SH, Gerson MC. What will be the role of I-123 MIBG in improving the outcome of medically treated heart failure patients? J Nucl Cardiol 2012; 19:1198-205; quiz 1206-10. [PMID: 22956185 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-012-9612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Waqar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, P.O. Box 670542, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0542, USA
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González de la Fuente M, Barana A, Gómez R, Amorós I, Dolz-Gaitón P, Sacristán S, Atienza F, Pita A, Pinto Á, Fernández-Avilés F, Caballero R, Tamargo J, Delpón E. Chronic atrial fibrillation up-regulates β1-Adrenoceptors affecting repolarizing currents and action potential duration. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:379-88. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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CaMKII determines mitochondrial stress responses in heart. Nature 2012; 491:269-73. [PMID: 23051746 PMCID: PMC3471377 DOI: 10.1038/nature11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial cell death is initiated by excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ entry, causing Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and dissipation of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm)1,2. However, the signaling pathways that control mitochondrial Ca2+ entry through the inner membrane mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU)3–5 are not known. The multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is activated in ischemia reperfusion (I/R), myocardial infarction (MI) and neurohumoral injury, common causes of myocardial death and heart failure, suggesting CaMKII could couple disease stress to mitochondrial injury. Here we show that CaMKII promotes mPTP opening and myocardial death by increasing MCU current (IMCU). Mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibitory protein or cyclosporin A (CsA), an mPTP antagonist with clinical efficacy in I/R injury6, equivalently prevent mPTP opening, ΔΨm deterioration and diminish mitochondrial disruption and programmed cell death in response to I/R injury. Mice with myocardial and mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition are resistant to I/R injury, MI and neurohumoral injury, suggesting pathological actions of CaMKII are substantially mediated by increasing IMCU. Our findings identify CaMKII activity as a central mechanism for mitochondrial Ca2+ entry and suggest mitochondrial-targeted CaMKII inhibition could prevent or reduce myocardial death and heart failure dysfunction in response to common experimental forms of pathophysiological stress.
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Rengo G, Lymperopoulos A, Zincarelli C, Femminella G, Liccardo D, Pagano G, de Lucia C, Cannavo A, Gargiulo P, Ferrara N, Perrone Filardi P, Koch W, Leosco D. Blockade of β-adrenoceptors restores the GRK2-mediated adrenal α(2) -adrenoceptor-catecholamine production axis in heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2430-40. [PMID: 22519418 PMCID: PMC3448904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity is characteristic of chronic heart failure (HF) and significantly worsens prognosis. The success of β-adrenoceptor antagonist (β-blockers) therapy in HF is primarily attributed to protection of the heart from the noxious effects of augmented catecholamine levels. β-Blockers have been shown to reduce SNS hyperactivity in HF, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not understood. The GPCR kinase-2 (GRK2)-α(2) adrenoceptor-catecholamine production axis is up-regulated in the adrenal medulla during HF causing α(2) -adrenoceptor dysfunction and elevated catecholamine levels. Here, we sought to investigate if β-blocker treatment in HF could lower SNS activation by directly altering adrenal GRK2 levels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Four weeks after myocardial infarction-induced HF, adult rats were randomized to 10-week treatment with vehicle (HF/C) or bisoprolol (HF/B). Cardiac function and dimensions were measured. In heart and adrenal gland, GRK2 levels were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blotting and adrenoceptors studied with radioligand binding. Catecholamines and α(2) adrenoceptors in adrenal medulla chromaffin cell cultures were also measured. KEY RESULTS Bisoprolol treatment ameliorated HF-related adverse cardiac remodelling and reduced plasma catecholamine levels, compared with HF/C rats. Bisoprolol also attenuated adrenal GRK2 overexpression as observed in HF/C rats and increased α(2) adrenoceptor density. In cultures of adrenal medulla chromaffin cells from all study groups, bisoprolol reversed HF-related α(2) adrenoceptor dysfunction. This effect was reversed by GRK2 overexpression. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Blockade of β-adrenoceptors normalized the adrenal α(2) adrenoceptor-catecholamine production axis by reducing GRK2 levels. This effect may contribute significantly to the decrease of HF-related sympathetic overdrive by β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rengo
- Cardiology Division, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese Terme (BN), Italy.
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Rengo G, Zincarelli C, Femminella GD, Liccardo D, Pagano G, de Lucia C, Altobelli GG, Cimini V, Ruggiero D, Perrone-Filardi P, Gao E, Ferrara N, Lymperopoulos A, Koch WJ, Leosco D. Myocardial β(2) -adrenoceptor gene delivery promotes coordinated cardiac adaptive remodelling and angiogenesis in heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2348-61. [PMID: 22452704 PMCID: PMC3448898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated whether β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression could promote angiogenesis and improve blood perfusion and left ventricular (LV) remodeling of the failing heart. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We explored the angiogenic effects of β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). Cardiac adenoviral-mediated β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression was obtained via direct intramyocardial injection 4-weeks post-MI. Adenovirus(Ad)-GFP and saline injected rats served as controls. Furthermore, we extended our observation to β(2) -adrenoceptor -/- mice undergoing MI. KEY RESULTS Transgenes were robustly expressed in the LV at 2 weeks post-gene therapy, whereas their expression was minimal at 4-weeks post-gene delivery. In HF rats, cardiac β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression resulted in enhanced basal and isoprenaline-stimulated cardiac contractility at 2-weeks post-gene delivery. At 4 weeks post-gene transfer, Ad-β(2) -adrenoceptor HF rats showed improved LV remodeling and cardiac function. Importantly, β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression was associated with a markedly increased capillary and arteriolar length density and enhanced in vivo myocardial blood flow and coronary reserve. At the molecular level, cardiac β(2) -adrenoceptor gene transfer induced the activation of the VEGF/PKB/eNOS pro-angiogenic pathway. In β(2) -adrenoceptor-/- mice, we found a ~25% reduction in cardiac capillary density compared with β(2) -adrenoceptor+/+ mice. The lack of β(2) -adrenoceptors was associated with a higher mortality rate at 30 days and LV dilatation, and a worse global cardiac contractility compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION β(2) -Adrenoceptors play an important role in the regulation of the angiogenic response in HF. The activation of VEGF/PKB/eNOS pathway seems to be strongly involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rengo
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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Vidal M, Wieland T, Lohse MJ, Lorenz K. β-Adrenergic receptor stimulation causes cardiac hypertrophy via a Gβγ/Erk-dependent pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:255-64. [PMID: 22843704 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Activation of the β(1)-adrenergic receptor and its G protein, G(s), induces cardiac hypertrophy. However, activation of classic Gα(s) effectors, adenylyl cyclases (AC) and protein kinase A, is not sufficient for induction of hypertrophy, which suggests the involvement of additional pathway(s) activated by G(s). Recently, we discovered that βγ subunits of G(q) induce phosphorylation of the extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) at threonine188 and thereby induce hypertrophy. Here we investigated whether β-adrenergic receptors might also induce cardiac hypertrophy via Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation. METHODS AND RESULTS β-Adrenergic receptor activation induced Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation in mouse hearts and in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of Erk1/2 or overexpression of Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation-deficient mutants (Erk2(T188A) and Erk2(T188S)) significantly attenuated β-adrenergic cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Erk activity was stimulated by both isoproterenol and the direct AC activator forskolin, but only isoproterenol induced Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation. Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation required Gβγ released from G(s) and was prevented by Gβγ inhibition. Similarly, isoproterenol, but not forskolin, induced nuclear accumulation of Erk and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Long-term application of isoproterenol in mice caused left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac remodelling, and this was reduced in Erk2(T188S) transgenic mice, supporting the physiological relevance of Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Activation of G(s) by β-adrenergic receptors leads to (i) canonical Erk1/2 activation via AC, and (ii) release of Gβγ, which then associates with activated Erk1/2 and induces Erk(Thr188) phosphorylation, causing nuclear accumulation of Erk and ultimately cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings reveal a new pathway critically involved in β-adrenergically mediated cardiac hypertrophy and may yield new therapeutic strategies against hypertrophic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vidal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
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Vandenberg JI, Perry MD, Perrin MJ, Mann SA, Ke Y, Hill AP. hERG K+ Channels: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:1393-478. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) encodes the pore-forming subunit of the rapid component of the delayed rectifier K+ channel, Kv11.1, which are expressed in the heart, various brain regions, smooth muscle cells, endocrine cells, and a wide range of tumor cell lines. However, it is the role that Kv11.1 channels play in the heart that has been best characterized, for two main reasons. First, it is the gene product involved in chromosome 7-associated long QT syndrome (LQTS), an inherited disorder associated with a markedly increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Second, blockade of Kv11.1, by a wide range of prescription medications, causes drug-induced QT prolongation with an increase in risk of sudden cardiac arrest. In the first part of this review, the properties of Kv11.1 channels, including biogenesis, trafficking, gating, and pharmacology are discussed, while the second part focuses on the pathophysiology of Kv11.1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie I. Vandenberg
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew D. Perry
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark J. Perrin
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stefan A. Mann
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ying Ke
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adam P. Hill
- Mark Cowley Lidwill Research Programme in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; and University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Kairouz V, Lipskaia L, Hajjar RJ, Chemaly ER. Molecular targets in heart failure gene therapy: current controversies and translational perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1254:42-50. [PMID: 22548568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Use of gene therapy for heart failure is gaining momentum as a result of the recent successful completion of phase II of the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID) trial, which showed clinical safety and efficacy of an adeno-associated viral vector expressing sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a). Resorting to gene therapy allows the manipulation of molecular targets not presently amenable to pharmacologic modulation. This short review focuses on the molecular targets of heart failure gene therapy that have demonstrated translational potential. At present, most of these targets are related to calcium handling in the cardiomyocyte. They include SERCA2a, phospholamban, S100A1, ryanodine receptor, and the inhibitor of the protein phosphatase 1. Other targets related to cAMP signaling are reviewed, such as adenylyl cyclase. MicroRNAs are emerging as novel therapeutic targets and convenient vectors for gene therapy, particularly in heart disease. We propose a discussion of recent advances and controversies in key molecular targets of heart failure gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kairouz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Erie County Medical Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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43
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Belmonte SL, Blaxall BC. Conducting the G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Signaling Symphony in Cardiovascular Diseases: New Therapeutic Approaches. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:e85-e90. [PMID: 23162605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a virtually ubiquitous class of membrane-bound receptors, which functionally couple hormone or neurotransmitter signals to physiological responses. Dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to the pathophysiology of a host of cardiovascular disorders. Pharmacological agents targeting GPCRs have been established as therapeutic options for decades. Nevertheless, the persistent burden of cardiovascular diseases necessitates improved treatments. To that end, exciting drug development efforts have begun to focus on novel compounds that discriminately activate particular GPCR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Belmonte
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Lyon AR, Nikolaev VO, Miragoli M, Sikkel MB, Paur H, Benard L, Hulot JS, Kohlbrenner E, Hajjar RJ, Peters NS, Korchev YE, Macleod KT, Harding SE, Gorelik J. Plasticity of surface structures and β(2)-adrenergic receptor localization in failing ventricular cardiomyocytes during recovery from heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 5:357-65. [PMID: 22456061 PMCID: PMC4886822 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.964692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte surface morphology and T-tubular structure are significantly disrupted in chronic heart failure, with important functional sequelae, including redistribution of sarcolemmal β(2)-adrenergic receptors (β(2)AR) and localized secondary messenger signaling. Plasticity of these changes in the reverse remodeled failing ventricle is unknown. We used AAV9.SERCA2a gene therapy to rescue failing rat hearts and measured z-groove index, T-tubule density, and compartmentalized β(2)AR-mediated cAMP signals, using a combined nanoscale scanning ion conductance microscopy-Förster resonance energy transfer technique. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocyte surface morphology, quantified by z-groove index and T-tubule density, was normalized in reverse-remodeled hearts after SERCA2a gene therapy. Recovery of sarcolemmal microstructure correlated with functional β(2)AR redistribution back into the z-groove and T-tubular network, whereas minimal cAMP responses were initiated after local β(2)AR stimulation of crest membrane, as observed in failing cardiomyocytes. Improvement of β(2)AR localization was associated with recovery of βAR-stimulated contractile responses in rescued cardiomyocytes. Retubulation was associated with reduced spatial heterogeneity of electrically stimulated calcium transients and recovery of myocardial BIN-1 and TCAP protein expression but not junctophilin-2. CONCLUSIONS In summary, abnormalities of sarcolemmal structure in heart failure show plasticity with reappearance of z-grooves and T-tubules in reverse-remodeled hearts. Recovery of surface topology is necessary for normalization of β(2)AR location and signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Lyon
- Myocardial Function Unit, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.
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O'Hara T, Rudy Y. Quantitative comparison of cardiac ventricular myocyte electrophysiology and response to drugs in human and nonhuman species. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H1023-30. [PMID: 22159993 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00785.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Explanations for arrhythmia mechanisms at the cellular level are usually based on experiments in nonhuman myocytes. However, subtle electrophysiological differences between species may lead to different rhythmic or arrhythmic cellular behaviors and drug response given the nonlinear and highly interactive cellular system. Using detailed and quantitatively accurate mathematical models for human, dog, and guinea pig ventricular action potentials (APs), we simulated and compared cell electrophysiology mechanisms and response to drugs. Under basal conditions (absence of β-adrenergic stimulation), Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase changes secondary to Na(+) accumulation determined AP rate dependence for human and dog but not for guinea pig where slow delayed rectifier current (I(Ks)) was the major rate-dependent current. AP prolongation with reduction of rapid delayed rectifier current (I(Kr)) and I(Ks) (due to mutations or drugs) showed strong species dependence in simulations, as in experiments. For humans, AP prolongation was 80% following I(Kr) block. It was 30% for dog and 20% for guinea pig. Under basal conditions, I(Ks) block was of no consequence for human and dog, but for guinea pig, AP prolongation after I(Ks) block was severe. However, with β-adrenergic stimulation, I(Ks) played an important role in all species, particularly in AP shortening at fast rate. Quantitative comparison of AP repolarization, rate-dependence mechanisms, and drug response in human, dog, and guinea pig revealed major species differences (e.g., susceptibility to arrhythmogenic early afterdepolarizations). Extrapolation from animal to human electrophysiology and drug response requires great caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O'Hara
- Cardiac Bioelectricity and Arrhythmia Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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Sassi Y, Abi-Gerges A, Fauconnier J, Mougenot N, Reiken S, Haghighi K, Kranias EG, Marks AR, Lacampagne A, Engelhardt S, Hatem SN, Lompre AM, Hulot JS. Regulation of cAMP homeostasis by the efflux protein MRP4 in cardiac myocytes. FASEB J 2011; 26:1009-17. [PMID: 22090316 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-194027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that members of the multidrug-resistance protein (MRP) family belonging to ATP binding cassette type C (ABCC) membrane proteins extrude cyclic nucleotides from various cell types. This study aimed to determine whether MRP proteins regulate cardiac cAMP homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that MRP4 is the predominant isoform present at the plasma membrane of cardiacmyocytes and that it mediates the efflux of cAMP in these cells. MRP4-deficient mice displayed enhanced cardiac myocyte cAMP formation, contractility, and cardiac hypertrophy at 9 mo of age, an effect that was compensated transiently by increased phosphodiesterase expression at young age. These findings suggest that cAMP extrusion via MRP4 acts together with phosphodiesterases to control cAMP levels in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Sassi
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)/Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Unite Mixte de Recherche en Sante (UMRS) 956, Paris, France
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Chaanine AH, Kalman J, Hajjar RJ. Cardiac gene therapy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 22:127-39. [PMID: 21092890 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a chronic progressive disorder in which frequent and recurrent hospitalizations are associated with high mortality and morbidity. The incidence and the prevalence of this disease will increase with the increase in the number of the aging population of the United States. Understanding the molecular pathology and pathophysiology of this disease will uncover novel targets and therapies that can restore the function or attenuate the damage of malfunctioning cardiomyocytes by gene therapy that becomes an interesting and a promising field for the treatment of heart failure as well as other diseases in the future. Of equal importance are developing vectors and delivery methods that can efficiently transduce most of the cardiomyocytes that can offer a long-term expression and that can escape the host immune response. Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors have the potential to become a promising novel therapeutic vehicles for molecular medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Wittköpper K, Dobrev D, Eschenhagen T, El-Armouche A. Phosphatase-1 inhibitor-1 in physiological and pathological β-adrenoceptor signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:392-401. [PMID: 21354993 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events occurs through regulation of protein kinases and phosphatases. Phosphatase type 1 (PP-1) provides the main activity of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in the heart. Inhibitor-1 (I-1) was the first endogenous molecule found to inhibit PP-1 specifically. Notably, I-1 is activated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), and the subsequent prevention of target dephosphorylation by PP-1 provides distal amplification of β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) signalling. I-1 was found to be down-regulated and hypo-phosphorylated in human and experimental heart failure but hyperactive in human atrial fibrillation, implicating I-1 in the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmias. Consequently, the therapeutic potential of I-1 in heart failure and arrhythmias has recently been addressed by the generation and analysis of several I-1 genetic mouse models. This review summarizes and discusses these data, highlights partially controversial issues on whether I-1 should be therapeutically reinforced or inhibited and suggests future directions to better understand the functional role of I-1 in physiological and pathological β-AR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Wittköpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Heart failure is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals of all ages. The many-faceted nature of the clinical heart failure syndrome has historically frustrated attempts to develop an overarching explanative theory. However, much useful information has been gained by basic and clinical investigation, even though a comprehensive understanding of heart failure has been elusive. Heart failure is a growing problem, in both adult and pediatric populations, for which standard medical therapy, as of 2010, can have positive effects, but these are usually limited and progressively diminish with time in most patients. If we want curative or near-curative therapy that will return patients to a normal state of health at a feasible cost, much better diagnostic and therapeutic technologies need to be developed. This review addresses the vexing group of heart failure etiologies that include cardiomyopathies and other ventricular dysfunctions of various types, for which current therapy is only modestly effective. Although there are many unique aspects to heart failure in patients with pediatric and congenital heart disease, many of the innovative approaches that are being developed for the care of adults with heart failure will be applicable to heart failure in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Penny
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sasaguri T, Shiraishi F, Yoshihara T, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Morimoto S. β1-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Acute Response to Atenolol in Healthy Young Japanese Subjects. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:490-9. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10332fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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