1
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Waddell H, Stevenson TJ, Mole DJ. The role of the circadian rhythms in critical illness with a focus on acute pancreatitis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15335. [PMID: 37089281 PMCID: PMC10119767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are responsible for governing various physiological processes, including hormone secretion, immune responses, metabolism, and the sleep/wake cycle. In critical illnesses such as acute pancreatitis (AP), circadian rhythms can become dysregulated due to disease. Evidence suggests that time of onset of disease, coupled with peripheral inflammation brought about by AP will impact on the circadian rhythms generated in the central pacemaker and peripheral tissues. Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are governed by circadian rhythms and the diurnal pattern of expression can be disrupted during disease. Peak circadian immune cell release and gene expression can coincide with AP onset, that may increase pancreatic injury, tissue damage and the potential for systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure to develop. Here, we provide an overview of the role of circadian rhythms in AP and the underpinning inflammatory mechanisms to contextualise ongoing research into the chronobiology and chronotherapeutics of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Waddell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tyler J. Stevenson
- Institute of Biodiversity and Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Damian J. Mole
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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2
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Ali YF, Hong Z, Liu NA, Zhou G. Clock in radiation oncology clinics: cost-free modality to alleviate treatment-related toxicity. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:201-210. [PMID: 35263235 PMCID: PMC8920191 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have reported that tumor cells are often out of sync with the surrounding healthy tissue. Exploiting this misalignment may be a way to obtain a substantial gain in the therapeutic window. Specifically, based on reports to date, we will assess whether radiotherapy outcomes differ depending on the administration time. Collectively, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria, out of which 12 at least reported that radiation therapy is less toxic when administered at a particular time, probably because there is less collateral damage to healthy cells. However, discrepancies exist across studies and urge further investigation. Mechanistic studies elucidating the relationship between radiotherapy, circadian rhythms, and cell cycle, combined with either our “digital” or “biological” chronodata, would help oncologists successfully chronotype individual patients and strategize treatment plans accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser F Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Biophysics Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zhiqiang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning-Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institute of Space Life Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Zhu B. Logic of the Temporal Compartmentalization of the Hepatic Metabolic Cycle. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35658626 PMCID: PMC9394779 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian liver must cope with various metabolic and physiological changes that normally recur every day and result primarily from rest-activity and fasting-feeding cycles. In this article, I present evidence supporting a temporal compartmentalization of rhythmic hepatic metabolic processes into four main clusters: regulation of energy homeostasis, maintenance of information integrity, immune response, and genetic information flow. I further review literatures and discuss how both the circadian and the newly discovered 12-h ultradian clock work together to regulate these four temporally separated processes in mouse liver, which, interestingly, is largely uncoupled from the liver zonation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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4
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Nelson RJ, Bumgarner JR, Liu JA, Love JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Becker-Krail DD, Walker WH, Walton JC, DeVries AC, Prendergast BJ. Time of day as a critical variable in biology. BMC Biol 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 35705939 PMCID: PMC9202143 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are important for all aspects of biology; virtually every aspect of biological function varies according to time of day. Although this is well known, variation across the day is also often ignored in the design and reporting of research. For this review, we analyzed the top 50 cited papers across 10 major domains of the biological sciences in the calendar year 2015. We repeated this analysis for the year 2019, hypothesizing that the awarding of a Nobel Prize in 2017 for achievements in the field of circadian biology would highlight the importance of circadian rhythms for scientists across many disciplines, and improve time-of-day reporting. RESULTS Our analyses of these 1000 empirical papers, however, revealed that most failed to include sufficient temporal details when describing experimental methods and that few systematic differences in time-of-day reporting existed between 2015 and 2019. Overall, only 6.1% of reports included time-of-day information about experimental measures and manipulations sufficient to permit replication. CONCLUSIONS Circadian rhythms are a defining feature of biological systems, and knowing when in the circadian day these systems are evaluated is fundamentally important information. Failing to account for time of day hampers reproducibility across laboratories, complicates interpretation of results, and reduces the value of data based predominantly on nocturnal animals when extrapolating to diurnal humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jharnae A Love
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
| | - O Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Darius D Becker-Krail
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Brian J Prendergast
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago and Institute for Mind and Biology, IL, 60637, Chicago, USA
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5
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Lang V, Ferencik S, Ananthasubramaniam B, Kramer A, Maier B. Susceptibility rhythm to bacterial endotoxin in myeloid clock-knockout mice. eLife 2021; 10:e62469. [PMID: 34661529 PMCID: PMC8598165 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Local circadian clocks are active in most cells of our body. However, their impact on circadian physiology is still under debate. Mortality by endotoxic (LPS) shock is highly time-of-day dependent and local circadian immune function such as the cytokine burst after LPS challenge has been assumed to be causal for the large differences in survival. Here, we investigate the roles of light and myeloid clocks on mortality by endotoxic shock. Strikingly, mice in constant darkness (DD) show a threefold increased susceptibility to LPS as compared to mice in light-dark conditions. Mortality by endotoxic shock as a function of circadian time is independent of light-dark cycles as well as myeloid CLOCK or BMAL1 as demonstrated in conditional knockout mice. Unexpectedly, despite the lack of a myeloid clock these mice still show rhythmic patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, MCP-1, IL-18, and IL-10 in peripheral blood as well as time-of-day and site-dependent traffic of myeloid cells. We speculate that systemic time-cues are sufficient to orchestrate innate immune response to LPS by driving immune functions such as cell trafficking and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Lang
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Ferencik
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bharath Ananthasubramaniam
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Bert Maier
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
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6
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Geiger SS, Traba J, Richoz N, Farley TK, Brooks SR, Petermann F, Wang L, Gonzalez FJ, Sack MN, Siegel RM. Feeding-induced resistance to acute lethal sepsis is dependent on hepatic BMAL1 and FXR signalling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2745. [PMID: 33980856 PMCID: PMC8115055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, time of day strongly influences lethality in response to LPS, with survival greatest at the beginning compared to the end of the light cycle. Here we show that feeding, rather than light, controls time-of-day dependent LPS sensitivity. Mortality following LPS administration is independent of cytokine production and the clock regulator BMAL1 expressed in myeloid cells. In contrast, deletion of BMAL1 in hepatocytes globally disrupts the transcriptional response to the feeding cycle in the liver and results in constitutively high LPS sensitivity. Using RNAseq and functional validation studies we identify hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling as a BMAL1 and feeding-dependent regulator of LPS susceptibility. These results show that hepatocyte-intrinsic BMAL1 and FXR signalling integrate nutritional cues to regulate survival in response to innate immune stimuli. Understanding hepatic molecular programmes operational in response to these cues could identify novel pathways for targeting to enhance endotoxemia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Javier Traba
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Circadian influence on inflammatory response during cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:60-70. [PMID: 33340915 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms follow a 24 h day and night cycle, regulate vital physiological processes, and are especially relevant to cardiovascular growth, renewal, repair, and remodeling. A recent flurry of clinical and experimental studies reveals a profound circadian influence on immune responses in cardiovascular disease. The first section of this review summarizes the importance of circadian rhythms for cardiovascular health and disease. The second section introduces the circadian nature of inflammatory responses. The third section combines these to elucidate a new role for the circadian system, influencing inflammation in heart disease, especially myocardial infarction. Particular focus is on circadian regulation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome, neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells involved in cardiac repair. A role for biological sex is noted. The final section explores circadian influences on inflammation in other major cardiovascular conditions. Circadian regulation of inflammation has profound implications for benefitting the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease.
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8
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Geiger SS, Curtis AM, O'Neill LAJ, Siegel RM. Daily variation in macrophage phagocytosis is clock-independent and dispensable for cytokine production. Immunology 2019; 157:122-136. [PMID: 30773630 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses vary in a circadian manner, and more recent investigations aim to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cytokine production varies significantly over the course of a day depending on the time of stimulation by pathogens or Toll-like receptor ligands, and multiple signaling pathways linked to the cell-autonomous circadian clock modulate innate immunity. Recognition of foreign material, especially by innate immune cells, engages a myriad of receptors, which trigger inflammatory responses, as well as endocytosis and degradation and/or processing for antigen presentation. Because of the close connection between particle engulfment and inflammation, it has been proposed that phagocytic uptake may drive cytokine production in phagocytes. Here we show that bacterial particle ingestion by mouse peritoneal macrophages displays temporal variation, but is independent of the cell-intrinsic circadian clock in an ex vivo setting. Although cytokine production is dependent on phagocytosis, uptake capacity across 12 hr does not translate into 24-hr rhythms in cytokine production. In vivo, time-of-day variations in phagocytic capacity are not found, whereas a time of day and clock-dependent cytokine response is maintained. These data show that efficiency of bacterial phagocytosis and the 24-hr rhythmicity of cytokine production by macrophages are independent of one another and should be studied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annie M Curtis
- Immune Clock Laboratory, Tissue and Engineering Regenerative Group and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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9
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Ren DL, Wang XB, Hu B. Circadian gene period1b regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression through NF-κB signalling in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:528-533. [PMID: 29958979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a critical role in regulating the immune system. Our previous publication revealed that a mutation in the circadian gene period1b (per1b) in zebrafish significantly decreased proinflammatory gene expression, particularly under constant darkness (DD) conditions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, using per1b-null mutant zebrafish and a larval tail fin injury model, we observed that the loss of per1b resulted in the downregulation expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, at protein level. Furthermore, the loss of per1b downregulated ERK phosphorylation and inhibited p65 phosphorylation, leading to reduced NF-κB activation, which could downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, in zebrafish. These results provided insight into the communication between the circadian clock and immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Long Ren
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China.
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10
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Ren DL, Zhang JL, Yang LQ, Wang XB, Wang ZY, Huang DF, Tian C, Hu B. Circadian genes period1b and period2 differentially regulate inflammatory responses in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:139-146. [PMID: 29605504 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock has been shown to regulate various immune processes in different animals. Our previous report demonstrated that the innate immune responses in zebrafish show significant rhythmicity that could be regulated by melatonin. Here, we used diurnal zebrafish to determine the role of circadian genes in the inflammatory responses. Our results indicate that circadian genes exhibit rhythmic oscillations in zebrafish leukocytes, and mutations of the clock genes period1b (per1b) and period2 (per2) considerably affect these oscillations. Using a wounded zebrafish inflammation model, we found that under constant dark conditions (DD), the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is significantly downregulated in per1b gene mutant zebrafish and significantly upregulated in the per2 gene mutant zebrafish. Furthermore, using real-time imaging technology, we found that the per1b gene markedly disturbs the rhythmic recruitment of neutrophils toward the injury, whereas the per2 gene does not show a significant effect. Taken together, our results reveal differential functions of the circadian genes per1b and per2 in the inflammatory responses, serving as evidence that circadian rhythms play a vital role in immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Long Ren
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China.
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Lei-Qing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Zong-Yi Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Deng-Feng Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Chen Tian
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, No.96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, PR China.
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11
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Smolensky MH, Reinberg AE, Sackett-Lundeen L. Perspectives on the relevance of the circadian time structure to workplace threshold limit values and employee biological monitoring. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1439-1464. [PMID: 29215915 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1384740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The circadian time structure (CTS) and its disruption by rotating and nightshift schedules relative to work performance, accident risk, and health/wellbeing have long been areas of occupational medicine research. Yet, there has been little exploration of the relevance of the CTS to setting short-term, time-weighted, and ceiling threshold limit values (TLVs); conducting employee biological monitoring (BM); and establishing normative reference biological exposure indices (BEIs). Numerous publications during the past six decades document the CTS substantially affects the disposition - absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination - and effects of medications. Additionally, laboratory animal and human studies verify the tolerance to chemical, biological (contagious), and physical agents can differ extensively according to the circadian time of exposure. Because of slow and usually incomplete CTS adjustment by rotating and permanent nightshift workers, occupational chemical and other contaminant encounters occur during a different circadian stage than for dayshift workers. Thus, the intended protection of some TLVs when working the nightshift compared to dayshift might be insufficient, especially in high-risk settings. The CTS is germane to employee BM in that large-amplitude predictable-in-time 24h variation can occur in the concentration of urine, blood, and saliva of monitored chemical contaminants and their metabolites plus biomarkers indicative of adverse xenobiotic exposure. The concept of biological time-qualified (for rhythms) reference values, currently of interest to clinical laboratory pathology practice, is seemingly applicable to industrial medicine as circadian time and workshift-specific BEIs to improve surveillance of night workers, in particular. Furthermore, BM as serial assessments performed frequently both during and off work, exemplified by employee self-measurement of lung function using a small portable peak expiratory flow meter, can easily identify intolerance before induction of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smolensky
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Alain E Reinberg
- b Unité de Chronobiologie , Fondation A. de Rothschild , Paris , France
| | - Linda Sackett-Lundeen
- c American Association for Medical Chronobiology and Chronotherapeutics , Roseville , MN , USA
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12
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Reece SE, Prior KF, Mideo N. The Life and Times of Parasites: Rhythms in Strategies for Within-host Survival and Between-host Transmission. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:516-533. [PMID: 28845736 PMCID: PMC5734377 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417718904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are thought to have evolved to enable organisms to organize their activities according to the earth's predictable cycles, but quantifying the fitness advantages of rhythms is challenging and data revealing their costs and benefits are scarce. More difficult still is explaining why parasites that live exclusively within the bodies of other organisms have biological rhythms. Rhythms exist in the development and traits of parasites, in host immune responses, and in disease susceptibility. This raises the possibility that timing matters for how hosts and parasites interact and, consequently, for the severity and transmission of diseases. Here, we take an evolutionary ecological perspective to examine why parasites exhibit biological rhythms and how their rhythms are regulated. Specifically, we examine the adaptive significance (evolutionary costs and benefits) of rhythms for parasites and explore to what extent interactions between hosts and parasites can drive rhythms in infections. That parasites with altered rhythms can evade the effects of control interventions underscores the urgent need to understand how and why parasites exhibit biological rhythms. Thus, we contend that examining the roles of biological rhythms in disease offers innovative approaches to improve health and opens up a new arena for studying host-parasite (and host-parasite-vector) coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Reece
- Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kimberley F. Prior
- Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole Mideo
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Comas M, Gordon CJ, Oliver BG, Stow NW, King G, Sharma P, Ammit AJ, Grunstein RR, Phillips CL. A circadian based inflammatory response – implications for respiratory disease and treatment. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-017-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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14
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Liang X, FitzGerald GA. Timing the Microbes: The Circadian Rhythm of the Gut Microbiome. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:505-515. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730417729066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Merck Research Laboratories Cambridge Exploratory Science Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
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15
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Bertoldi C, Forabosco A, Lalla M, Generali L, Zaffe D, Cortellini P. How Intraday Index Changes Influence Periodontal Assessment: A Preliminary Study. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:7912158. [PMID: 28828006 PMCID: PMC5554557 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7912158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is reputed that periodontal indices remain unchanged over a 24-hour period, with great clinical significance. This preliminary study analyzes daily index changes. In 56 selected patients, full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), periodontal screening and recording (PSR) indices, and periodontal risk assessment (PRA) were recorded at baseline and three times per day (check-I: 08.30, check-II: 11.30, and check-III: 14.30), after appropriate cause-related therapy. Correlation between variables was statistically analyzed by Stata. All periodontal indices improved at the examination phase. Statistical differences were detected for FMPS comparing all thrice daily checks. Statistical differences were detected for FMBS and PRA comparing check-III with check-I and check-II. PSR showed no significant changes. The worst baseline indices produced the widest daily fluctuation at the examination phase. Significant variation of indices is directly related to clinical severity of periodontal conditions at baseline. Patients affected by severe periodontal disease may show significantly greater index changes. As indices are routinely recorded only once per day, the index daily variation has clinical significance. This greatly affects therapeutic strategy as correct periodontal assessment requires multiple evaluations at standardized times, particularly when baseline conditions are severe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Forabosco
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Lalla
- Department of Economics Marco Biagi, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Zaffe
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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16
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Bennardo M, Alibhai F, Tsimakouridze E, Chinnappareddy N, Podobed P, Reitz C, Pyle WG, Simpson J, Martino TA. Day-night dependence of gene expression and inflammatory responses in the remodeling murine heart post-myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1243-R1254. [PMID: 27733386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal or circadian rhythms are fundamentally important for healthy cardiovascular physiology and play a role in timing of onset and tolerance to myocardial infarction (MI) in patients. Whether time of day of MI triggers different molecular and cellular responses that can influence myocardial remodeling is not known. This study was designed to test whether time of day of MI triggers different gene expression, humoral, and innate inflammatory responses that contribute to cardiac repair after MI. Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 2-h time window either shortly after lights on or lights off, and the early remodeling responses at 8 h postinfarction were examined. We found that sleep-MI preferentially triggers early expression of genes associated with inflammatory responses, whereas wake-MI triggers more genes associated with metabolic pathways and transcription/translation, by microarray analyses. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibit altered diurnal gene expression profiles, consistent with their cycling before onset of MI. In the first 8 h, crucial for innate immune responses to MI, there are also significant differences in sleep-MI and wake-MI serum cytokine responses and in neutrophil infiltration to infarcted myocardium. By 1-wk post-MI, there are differences in survivorship between the sleep and wake MI mice that could be explained by the different molecular and cellular responses. Our whole body physiology, tissues, and cells exhibit endogenous daily rhythms, and understanding their role in triggering effective responses after MI could lead to new strategies to benefit patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bennardo
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Faisal Alibhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Elena Tsimakouridze
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Peter Podobed
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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17
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Heath-Heckman EAC. The Metronome of Symbiosis: Interactions Between Microbes and the Host Circadian Clock. Integr Comp Biol 2016; 56:776-783. [PMID: 27371387 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icw067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The entrainment of circadian rhythms, physiological cycles with a period of about 24 h, is regulated by a variety of mechanisms, including nonvisual photoreception. While circadian rhythms have been shown to be integral to many processes in multicellular organisms, including immune regulation, the effect of circadian rhythms on symbiosis, or host-microbe interactions, has only recently begun to be studied. This review summarizes recent work in the interactions of both pathogenic and mutualistic associations with host and symbiont circadian rhythms, focusing specifically on three mutualistic systems in which this phenomenon has been best studied. One important theme taken from these studies is the fact that mutualisms are profoundly affected by the circadian rhythms of the host, but that the microbial symbionts in these associations can, in turn, manipulate host rhythms. The interplay between circadian rhythms and symbiosis is a promising new field with effects that should be kept in mind when designing future studies across biology.
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18
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Geiger SS, Fagundes CT, Siegel RM. Chrono-immunology: progress and challenges in understanding links between the circadian and immune systems. Immunology 2015; 146:349-58. [PMID: 26301993 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of inflammatory diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and cancer, is prevalent in individuals that encounter continuous disruption of their internal clock. Further, daily oscillations in susceptibility to infection as well as a multitude of other immunological processes have been described. Much progress has been made and various mechanisms have been proposed to explain circadian variations in immunity; yet much is still unknown. Understanding the crosstalk between the circadian and the immune systems will allow us to manipulate clock outputs to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases in individuals at risk. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge about circadian rhythms and their role in the immune system and highlights progress and challenges in chrono-immunological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Microorganism/Host Interaction, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, NIAMS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Ren DL, Li YJ, Hu BB, Wang H, Hu B. Melatonin regulates the rhythmic migration of neutrophils in live zebrafish. J Pineal Res 2015; 58:452-60. [PMID: 25763660 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock plays a vital role in physiology and behavior such as the sleep-wake cycle and blood pressure and hormone levels. Immune responses also display circadian rhythmicity and particularly pineal melatonin contributes to immunological processes. Little attention, however, is given to mechanisms underlying rhythmic neutrophil responses to the injury. Here, we used a transgenic Tg(lyz:EGFP) zebrafish tail fin transection model to investigate whether the recruitment of neutrophils toward the injured site is regulated by the circadian clock. We found that migrating neutrophils display robust rhythmicity, peaking at darkness. Melatonin positively regulates rhythmic neutrophil migration, as evidenced that treatment with melatonin at low dosage can significantly enhance neutrophil recruitment toward the injured site, which is attenuated by luzindole treatment and in pinealectomized fish. Furthermore, using a transgenic zebrafish eyeball model, we observed that melatonin enhances secretion of two cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, both of which markedly enhance neutrophil migration. Taken together, these results highlight a positive role of melatonin in rhythmic neutrophil migration and help obtain a better understanding of circadian regulation in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-long Ren
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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20
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms, which have long been known to play crucial roles in physiology, are emerging as important regulators of specific immune functions. Circadian oscillations of immune mediators coincide with the activity of the immune system, possibly allowing the host to anticipate and handle microbial threats more efficiently. These oscillations may also help to promote tissue recovery and the clearance of potentially harmful cellular elements from the circulation. This Review summarizes the current knowledge of circadian rhythms in the immune system and provides an outlook on potential future implications.
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21
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Beauchamp D, Labrecque G. Chronobiology and chronotoxicology of antibiotics and aminoglycosides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:896-903. [PMID: 17659809 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2006.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Few investigators have examined the circadian variation in the symptom intensity of infectious diseases. Seasonal patterns in a variety of infectious are well know. Less appreciated are the circadian patterns in the symptom expression of infections. Studies indicate that fever which accompanies the common cold peaks at 4 p.m., and this is in agreement with other studies indicating that the elevation of body temperature, fever, due to bacterial infections is higher in the evening while that due to viral infections is more likely in the morning. Animal and human studies reveal also administration-time-dependent differences in the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of antimicrobial agents. This is particularly true for the aminoglycosides, as their nephrotoxicity is greatest when administered during the resting period of laboratory animals and human beings. Food intake and low urinary pH has been found to be protective of the toxicity of aminoglycosides at this time of the day. Knowledge of the administration-time-dependence of aminoglycosides and the underlying mechanisms can be used to develop once-a-day formulations that are significantly less toxic, in particular to the kidney, in patients who require around-the-clock antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Beauchamp
- Research Center on Infectious Diseases and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavilion CHUL, Canada
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22
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Shah AP, Smolensky MH, Burau KD, Cech IM, Lai D. Seasonality of primarily childhood and young adult infectious diseases in the United States. Chronobiol Int 2006; 23:1065-82. [PMID: 17050218 DOI: 10.1080/07420520600920718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States collects and maintains records of communicable (so-called notifiable) infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality and impact the national economy. This investigation focused on seasonal patterns in the primarily childhood and young adult infectious diseases of meningococcal meningitis, mumps, pertussis, typhoid fever, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (1990 to 2003 CDC database), and varicella (1993 to 2003 CDC database). Linear regression was performed to ascertain the trend in the incidence of each disease, and multi-component cosinor analysis was applied to determine and describe periodicities. Significant decreasing trends in incidence were detected in meningococcal meningitis, mumps, typhoid fever, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and increasing trends were found in pertussis and varicella. Significant annual patterns were documented in meningococcal meningitis (January peak), mumps (April peak), pertussis (August peak), varicella (April peak), typhoid fever (August peak), and in the hospital-acquired streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (February peak). Such seasonal patterns and long-term trends in infectious diseases are of practical public health significance in indicating which can benefit from timely prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami P Shah
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 1200 Herman Pressler Drive, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Opp MR, Toth LA. Somnogenic and pyrogenic effects of interleukin-1beta and lipopolysaccharide in intact and vagotomized rats. Life Sci 1998; 62:923-36. [PMID: 9496715 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vagus nerve appears to serve a role in mediating peripheral immunologic influences on CNS processes. Previous work demonstrates that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevents or attenuates many of the behavioral and physiological responses to exogenous interleukin-1 (IL-1) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We determined whether the somnogenic effects of IL-1 and LPS were altered in vagotomized rats, and whether the effects of vagotomy on IL-1- and LPS-induced alterations in sleep would vary as a function of circadian phase. The data indicate that vagotomy does not influence the normal circadian patterns of sleep and wakefulness in untreated rats, or modify the pyrogenic or somnogenic effects of intracerebroventricular administration of IL-1. However, in unchallenged animals vagotomy reduces basal brain temperatures, increases delta wave amplitudes during slow-wave sleep (SWS), and induces a reduced rate of weight gain, gastric distension, and adrenal hypoplasia. Vagotomy attenuates the febrile effects of IL-1 during both light and dark phases, attenuated IL-1-induced sleep enhancement during the dark phase, and attenuated IL-1-induced increases in delta wave amplitudes within SWS during the light period. In LPS-treated rats, vagotomy attenuates the febrile and SWS responses to LPS after administration at light onset, but not after administration at dark onset. These results indicate that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy attenuates several of the somnogenic and pyrogenic effects of IL-1beta and LPS, although the effectiveness of the vagal transection in modulating these responses is influenced by circadian factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Opp
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555, USA.
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