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Fortugno P, Monetta R, Cinquina V, Rigon C, Boaretto F, De Luca C, Zoppi N, Di Leandro L, De Domenico E, Di Daniele A, Ippoliti R, Angelucci F, Di Cesare E, De Paulis R, Salviati L, Colombi M, Brancati F, Ritelli M. Truncating variants in the penultimate exon of TGFBR1 escaping nonsense-mediated mRNA decay cause Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:596-601. [PMID: 36599937 PMCID: PMC10172188 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in TGFBR1 are a common cause of Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) characterized by life-threatening aortic and arterial disease. Generally, these are missense changes in highly conserved amino acids in the serine-threonine kinase domain. Conversely, nonsense, frameshift, or specific missense changes in the ligand-binding extracellular domain cause multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE) lacking the cardiovascular phenotype. Here, we report on two novel variants in the penultimate exon 8 of TGFBR1 were identified in 3 patients from two unrelated LDS families: both were predicted to cause frameshift and premature stop codons (Gln448Profs*15 and Cys446Asnfs*4) resulting in truncated TGFBR1 proteins lacking the last 43 and 56 amino acid residues, respectively. These were classified as variants of uncertain significance based on current criteria. Transcript expression analyses revealed both mutant alleles escaped nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Functional characterization in patient's dermal fibroblasts showed paradoxically enhanced TGFβ signaling, as observed for pathogenic missense TGFBR1 changes causative of LDS. In summary, we expanded the allelic repertoire of LDS-associated TGFBR1 variants to include truncating variants escaping nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Our data highlight the importance of functional studies in variants interpretation for correct clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortugno
- Human Functional Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
- Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Monetta
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rigon
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IRP Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Boaretto
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IRP Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luana Di Leandro
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Domenico
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Daniele
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IRP Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Human Functional Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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2
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Wang K, Wen D, Xu X, Zhao R, Jiang F, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Li Q. Extracellular matrix stiffness-The central cue for skin fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1132353. [PMID: 36968277 PMCID: PMC10031116 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1132353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a physiopathological process featuring the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), which is the main architecture that provides structural support and constitutes the microenvironment for various cellular behaviors. Recently, increasing interest has been drawn to the relationship between the mechanical properties of the ECM and the initiation and modulation of skin fibrosis, with the engagement of a complex network of signaling pathways, the activation of mechanosensitive proteins, and changes in immunoregulation and metabolism. Simultaneous with the progression of skin fibrosis, the stiffness of ECM increases, which in turn perturbs mechanical and humoral homeostasis to drive cell fate toward an outcome that maintains and enhances the fibrosis process, thus forming a pro-fibrotic "positive feedback loop". In this review, we highlighted the central role of the ECM and its dynamic changes at both the molecular and cellular levels in skin fibrosis. We paid special attention to signaling pathways regulated by mechanical cues in ECM remodeling. We also systematically summarized antifibrotic interventions targeting the ECM, hopefully enlightening new strategies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewen Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feipeng Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengqin Yuan
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yifan Zhang, ; Ya Gao, ; Qingfeng Li,
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3
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Patient-derived microphysiological model identifies the therapeutic potential of metformin for thoracic aortic aneurysm. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104080. [PMID: 35636318 PMCID: PMC9156889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is the permanent dilation of the thoracic aortic wall that predisposes patients to lethal events such as aortic dissection or rupture, for which effective medical therapy remains scarce. Human-relevant microphysiological models serve as a promising tool in drug screening and discovery. Methods We developed a dynamic, rhythmically stretching, three-dimensional microphysiological model. Using patient-derived human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), we tested the biological features of the model and compared them with native aortic tissues. Drug testing was performed on the individualized TAA models, and the potentially effective drug was further tested using β-aminopropionitrile-treated mice and retrospective clinical data. Findings The HAoSMCs on the model recapitulated the expressions of many TAA-related genes in tissue. Phenotypic switching and mitochondrial dysfunction, two disease hallmarks of TAA, were highlighted on the microphysiological model: the TAA-derived HAoSMCs exhibited lower alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, lower oxygen consumption rate and higher superoxide accumulation than control cells, while these differences were not evidently reflected in two-dimensional culture flasks. Model-based drug testing demonstrated that metformin partially recovered contractile phenotype and mitochondrial function in TAA patients’ cells. Mouse experiment and clinical investigations also demonstrated better preserved aortic microstructure, higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide level and lower aortic diameter with metformin treatment. Interpretation These findings support the application of this human-relevant microphysiological model in studying personalized disease characteristics and facilitating drug discovery for TAA. Metformin may regulate contractile phenotypes and metabolic dysfunctions in diseased HAoSMCs and limit aortic dilation. Funding This work was supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1005002), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070482, 81771971, 81772007, 51927805, and 21734003), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20ZR1411700, 18ZR1407000, 17JC1400200, and 20YF1406900), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01), and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Innovation Program 2017-01-07-00-07-E00027). Y.S.Z. was not supported by any of these funds; instead, the Brigham Research Institute is acknowledged.
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Chen X, Yang S, Yang J, Liu Q, Li M, Wu J, Wang H, Wang S. Circular RNA circDUS2 Is a Potential Biomarker for Intracranial Aneurysm. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632448. [PMID: 34093163 PMCID: PMC8171118 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CircRNAs have been found to play a crucial role in the pathological process of various kinds of diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysm is still unknown. Methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs profiles between superficial temporal arteries (n = 5) and intracranial aneurysms (n = 5) were analyzed using the Arraystar human circRNAs microarray. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to validate the differential expression of circDUS2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was meant for the location of circDUS2 in human brain vascular smooth muscle cell (HBVSMC). Structural analysis was used to speculate on the function of circDUS2. Results: Five hundred forty-three upregulated and 397 downregulated significantly in intracranial aneurysm as compared to superficial temporal arteries. Quantitative real-time PCR verified the elevated expression of the upregulated circDUS2. The FISH test revealed that circDUS2 is located in the cytoplasm of brain vascular smooth muscle cells. Conclusion: This study showed differential expression data of circRNAs between superficial temporal artery and intracranial aneurysm and revealed that circDUS2 is a potential molecular marker for intracranial aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhe Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Maogui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Sharma N, Hans CP. Interleukin 12p40 Deficiency Promotes Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Activating CCN2/MMP2 Pathways. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e017633. [PMID: 33470127 PMCID: PMC7955443 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is associated with proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-12 (IL12). Deficiency of interleukin 12p40 (IL12p40) increases localized fibrotic events by promoting TGFβ2 (transforming growth factor β)-dependent anti-inflammatory response. Here, we determined whether IL12p40 deficiency in apolipoprotein E-/- mice attenuates the development of AAA by antagonizing proinflammatory response. Methods and Results Double knockout (DKO) mice were generated by crossbreeding IL12p40-/- mice with apolipoprotein E-/- mice (n=12). Aneurysmal studies were performed using angiotensin II (1 µg/kg/min; subcutaneous). Surprisingly, DKO mice did not prevent the development of AAA with angiotensin II infusion. Immunohistological analysis, however, showed distinct pathological features between apolipoprotein E-/- and DKO mice. Polymerase chain reaction (7 day) and cytokine arrays (28 day) of the aortic tissues from DKO mice showed significantly increased expression of cytokines related to anti-inflammatory response (interleukin 5 and interleukin 13), synthetic vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (Activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK-1), artemin, and betacellulin) and T helper 17-associated response (4-1BB, interleukin-17e (Il17e) and Cd40 ligand (Cd-40L)). Indeed, DKO mice exhibited increased expression of the fibro-proteolytic pathway in the medial layer of aortae induced by cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) and Cd3+IL17+ cells compared with apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Laser capture microdissection showed predominant expression of CCN2/TGFβ2 in the medial layer of human AAA. Finally, Ccn2 haploinsufficiency in the mice showed decreased AAA incidence in response to elastase infusion, associated with decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. Conclusions Our study reveals novel roles for IL12p40 deficiency in inducing fibro-proteolytic activities in the aneurysmal mouse model. Mechanistically, these effects of IL12p40 deficiency are mediated by CCN2/matrix metalloproteinase-2 crosstalk in the medial layer of aneurysmal aortae.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/diagnostic imaging
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/biosynthesis
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/blood
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p40/deficiency
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- RNA/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Ultrasonography
- Vascular Stiffness/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Neekun Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
| | - Chetan P. Hans
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO
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Transforming Growth Factor Beta3 is Required for Cardiovascular Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7020019. [PMID: 32456345 PMCID: PMC7344558 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta3 (TGFB3) gene mutations in patients of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD1) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome-5 (LDS5)/Rienhoff syndrome are associated with cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac fibrosis, cleft palate, aortic aneurysms, and valvular heart disease. Although the developing heart of embryos express Tgfb3, its overarching role remains unclear in cardiovascular development and disease. We used histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses of Tgfb3-/- fetuses and compared them to wildtype littermate controls. The cardiovascular phenotypes were diverse with approximately two thirds of the Tgfb3-/- fetuses having one or more cardiovascular malformations, including abnormal ventricular myocardium (particularly of the right ventricle), outflow tract septal and alignment defects, abnormal aortic and pulmonary trunk walls, and thickening of semilunar and/or atrioventricular valves. Ventricular septal defects (VSD) including the perimembranous VSDs were observed in Tgfb3-/- fetuses with myocardial defects often accompanied by the muscular type VSD. In vitro studies using TGFβ3-deficient fibroblasts in 3-D collagen lattice formation assays indicated that TGFβ3 was required for collagen matrix reorganization. Biochemical studies indicated the 'paradoxically' increased activation of canonical (SMAD-dependent) and noncanonical (MAP kinase-dependent) pathways. TGFβ3 is required for cardiovascular development to maintain a balance of canonical and noncanonical TGFβ signaling pathways.
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The Genetics of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissection: A Clinical Perspective. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020182. [PMID: 31991693 PMCID: PMC7072177 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (TAAD) affects many patients globally and has high mortality rates if undetected. Once thought to be solely a degenerative disease that afflicted the aorta due to high pressure and biomechanical stress, extensive investigation of the heritability and natural history of TAAD has shown a clear genetic basis for the disease. Here, we review both the cellular mechanisms and clinical manifestations of syndromic and non-syndromic TAAD. We particularly focus on genes that have been linked to dissection at diameters <5.0 cm, the current lower bound for surgical intervention. Genetic screening tests to identify patients with TAAD associated mutations that place them at high risk for dissection are also discussed.
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8
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Xu Y. Thrombospondin-1: A Key Protein That Induces Fibrosis in Diabetic Complications. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:8043135. [PMID: 32626782 PMCID: PMC7306092 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8043135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis accompanies most common pathophysiological features of diabetes complications in different organs. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, the response to which contributes to inevitable organ injury. The extracellular protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a kind of extracellular glycoprotein, is upregulated by the increased activity of some transcription factors and results in fibrosis by activating multiple pathways in diabetes. The results of studies from our team and other colleagues indicate that TSP-1 is associated with the pathological process leading to diabetic complications and is considered to be the most important factor in fibrosis. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism of increased TSP-1 induced by hyperglycemia and the role of TSP-1 in fibrosis during the development of diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Zhejiang, China
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9
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Fujiwara T, Takeda N, Ishii S, Morita H, Komuro I. Unique Mechanism by Which TGFBR1 Variants Cause 2 Distinct System Diseases - Loeys-Dietz Syndrome and Multiple Self-Healing Squamous Epithelioma. Circ Rep 2019; 1:487-492. [PMID: 33693090 PMCID: PMC7897567 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variant types and sites in a single gene could influence the age of onset, severity, and pattern of affected organs of the genetic disease, such as in Marfan syndrome (MFS)-causing
FBN1, and understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship could aid in determining the treatment strategy. In contrast, completely distinct system and/or organ diseases induced by 1 gene mutation have been rarely reported. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor-encoding
TGFBR1
is such a gene, causing Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) closely related to MFS, and also multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE) without clinical overlap. The detailed mechanisms underlying this effect, however, remain elusive. We recently reported the significance of 2 distinct intronic variants (c.973+1G>A and c.806-2A>C) of
TGFBR1, which were both predicted to mediate in-frame exon 5 skipping but caused LDS and MSSE, respectively. On ex vivo minigene splicing assay analysis we demonstrated that 2 different cryptic splice sites were activated, and in-frame and out-of-frame transcripts were produced in LDS and MSSE, respectively, supporting the previously proposed but not yet approved mechanism that loss-of-function and haploinsufficiency-causing variants in serine/threonine kinase domains induce LDS and MSSE, respectively. In this review, we briefly summarize the recent findings and unresolved problems for the pathogenesis of LDS, including the TGF-β signaling paradox: most variants have been verified or predicted to be loss of function in vitro, but these variants enhanced TGF-β signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
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Cozijnsen L, Plomp AS, Post JG, Pals G, Bogunovic N, Yeung KK, Niessen HWM, Goumans MJTH, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Micha D. Pathogenic effect of a TGFBR1 mutation in a family with Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00943. [PMID: 31475485 PMCID: PMC6785444 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) may have a heritable cause in up to 20% of cases. We aimed to investigate the pathogenic effect of a TGFBR1 mutation in relation to TAAD. Methods Co‐segregation analysis was performed followed by functional investigations, including myogenic transdifferentiation. Results The c.1043G>A TGFBR1 mutation was found in the index patient, in a deceased brother, and in five presymptomatic family members. Evidence for pathogenicity was found by the predicted damaging effect of this mutation and the co‐segregation in the family. Functional analysis with myogenic transdifferentiation of dermal fibroblasts to smooth muscle‐like cells, revealed increased myogenic differentiation in patient cells with the TGFBR1 mutation, shown by a higher expression of myogenic markers ACTA2, MYH11 and CNN1 compared to cells from healthy controls. Conclusion Our findings confirm the pathogenic effect of the TGFBR1 mutation in causing TAAD in Loeys–Dietz syndrome and show increased myogenic differentiation of patient fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Cozijnsen
- Department of Cardiology, Gelre Hospital, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid S Plomp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan G Post
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak K Yeung
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W M Niessen
- Department of Pathology and Cardiac Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, VUMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Takeda N, Komuro I. Genetic basis of hereditary thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. J Cardiol 2019; 74:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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12
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Hara H, Takeda N, Fujiwara T, Yagi H, Maemura S, Kanaya T, Nawata K, Morita H, Komuro I. Activation of TGF-β signaling in an aortic aneurysm in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome caused by a novel loss-of-function variant of TGFBR1. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:6. [PMID: 30701076 PMCID: PMC6338757 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is caused by variants of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related genes and is characterized by aortic aneurysm and dissection. We report an LDS patient with a de novo missense variant of TGFBR1 [c.1126A>G, p.(Lys376Glu)] in which active TGF-β signaling was observed in the aorta, despite the in vitro demonstration that the loss-of-function mutation lies within the serine/threonine kinase domain. The mechanism underlying this TGF-β paradox in LDS aortopathy should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hara
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroki Yagi
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kanaya
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kan Nawata
- 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655 Japan
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13
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Granadillo JL, Chung WK, Hecht L, Corsten-Janssen N, Wegner D, Nij Bijvank SWA, Toler TL, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Douglas G, Murphy JJ, Shimony J, Shinawi M. Variable cardiovascular phenotypes associated with SMAD2 pathogenic variants. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1875-1884. [PMID: 30157302 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SMAD2 is a downstream effector in the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is important for pattern formation and tissue differentiation. Pathogenic variants in SMAD2 have been reported in association with arterial aneurysms and dissections and in large cohorts of subjects with complex congenital heart disease (CHD). We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the molecular cause of CHD and other congenital anomalies in three probands and of an arterial aneurysm in an additional patient. Patients 1 and 2 presented with complex CHD, developmental delay, seizures, dysmorphic features, short stature, and poor weight gain. Patient 3 was a fetus with complex CHD and heterotaxy. The fourth patient is an adult female with aortic root aneurysm and physical features suggestive of a connective tissue disorder. WES identified pathogenic truncating variants, a splice variant, and a predicted deleterious missense variant in SMAD2. We compare the phenotypes and genotypes in our patients with previously reported cases. Our data suggest two distinct phenotypes associated with pathogenic variants in SMAD2: complex CHD with or without laterality defects and other congenital anomalies, and a late-onset vascular phenotype characterized by arterial aneurysms with connective tissue abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Granadillo
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatric & Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Leah Hecht
- Metabolism Program, Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole Corsten-Janssen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wegner
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Tomi L Toler
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Joshua J Murphy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Now at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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14
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Takeda N, Hara H, Fujiwara T, Kanaya T, Maemura S, Komuro I. TGF-β Signaling-Related Genes and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072125. [PMID: 30037098 PMCID: PMC6073540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β signaling plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various organs, including the vasculature. Accordingly, the mutations in TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes cause heritable disorders of the connective tissue, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS), and these syndromes may affect skeletal, ocular, pulmonary, and cardiovascular systems. Aortic root aneurysms are common problems that can result in aortic dissection or rupture, which is the leading cause of sudden death in the natural history of MFS and LDS, and recent improvements in surgical treatment have improved life expectancy. However, there is currently no genotype-specific medical treatment. Accumulating evidence suggest that not only structural weakness of connective tissue but also increased TGF-β signaling contributes to the complicated pathogenesis of aortic aneurysm formation, but a comprehensive understanding of governing molecular mechanisms remains lacking. Inhibition of angiotensin II receptor signaling and endothelial dysfunction have gained attention as a possible MFS treatment strategy, but interactions with TGF-β signaling remain elusive. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in TGF-β receptors 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) cause LDS, but TGF-β signaling is activated in the aorta (referred to as the TGF-β paradox) by mechanisms yet to be elucidated. In this review, we present and discuss the current understanding of molecular mechanisms responsible for aortopathies of MFS and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Kanaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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15
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Miscianinov V, Martello A, Rose L, Parish E, Cathcart B, Mitić T, Gray GA, Meloni M, Al Haj Zen A, Caporali A. MicroRNA-148b Targets the TGF-β Pathway to Regulate Angiogenesis and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition during Skin Wound Healing. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1996-2007. [PMID: 29843955 PMCID: PMC6094488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is crucial for regulation of the endothelial cell (EC) homeostasis. Perturbation of TGF-β signaling leads to pathological conditions in the vasculature, causing cardiovascular disease and fibrotic disorders. The TGF-β pathway is critical in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), but a gap remains in our understanding of the regulation of TGF-β and related signaling in the endothelium. This study applied a gain- and loss-of function approach and an in vivo model of skin wound healing to demonstrate that miR-148b regulates TGF-β signaling and has a key role in EndMT, targeting TGFB2 and SMAD2. Overexpression of miR-148b increased EC migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, whereas its inhibition promoted EndMT. Cytokine challenge decreased miR-148b levels in ECs while promoting EndMT through the regulation of SMAD2. Finally, in a mouse model of skin wound healing, delivery of miR-148b mimics promoted wound vascularization and accelerated closure. In contrast, inhibition of miR-148b enhanced EndMT in wounds, resulting in impaired wound closure that was reversed by SMAD2 silencing. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that miR-148b is a key factor controlling EndMT and vascularization. This opens new avenues for therapeutic application of miR-148b in vascular and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Miscianinov
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrea Martello
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lorraine Rose
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elisa Parish
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ben Cathcart
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tijana Mitić
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ayman Al Haj Zen
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrea Caporali
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, QMRI, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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16
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Distinct variants affecting differential splicing of TGFBR1 exon 5 cause either Loeys-Dietz syndrome or multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1151-1158. [PMID: 29706644 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in TGFBR1 have been reported to induce two completely distinct diseases, namely Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) and multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma (MSSE). However, detailed mechanisms underlying this effect remain unknown. We report a Japanese familial case of LDS with a novel splice donor site variant in TGFBR1 gene (c.973 + 1 G > A; NG_007461.1). The intronic variant was predicted to mediate in-frame exon 5 skipping within the serine/threonine kinase (STK) domain, which may also be mediated by a similar TGFBR1 variant of a splice acceptor site in intron 4 (c.806-2 A > C), identified in a British familial case of MSSE. Therefore, ex vivo splicing and functional assays were performed in mammalian cells to evaluate the effect of these sequence variants. The MSSE variant activated a cryptic acceptor site at 76 bp downstream of the 3' natural splice acceptor site, which produced an out-of-frame transcript (r.807_882del, p.Asn270Thrfs*8). In contrast, the LDS variant generated two types of in-frame transcription products, r.[806_973del, 965_973 del], and produced two functionally inactivated proteins, p.[Asp269_Gln324del, Thr323_Gly325del], as a result of exon 5 skipping and the activation of a cryptic donor splice site at 9 bp upstream of the 5' natural splice donor site, respectively. Our results support the previously proposed but not yet approved mechanism that dominant-negative and truncating variants in STK domain induce LDS and MSSE, respectively.
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17
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Fukuda H, Aoki H, Yoshida S, Tobinaga S, Otsuka H, Shojima T, Takagi K, Fukumoto Y, Akashi H, Kato S, Tanaka H. Characterization of SMAD2 Activation in Human Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. Ann Vasc Dis 2018; 11:112-119. [PMID: 29682117 PMCID: PMC5882351 DOI: 10.3400/avd.oa.17-00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) reflects the local expansion of the thoracic aorta; the underlying causal molecular mechanism of TAA is not well understood. Recent studies have shown the importance of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling in Marfan and Loeys–Dietz syndromes; however, its role in non-familial, non-syndromic TAA remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We performed histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses for activated (phosphorylated) SMAD2 (P-SMAD2) as an indicator of TGFβ signaling activities in the ascending TAA tissue as well as in the ascending aortic tissue with a normal diameter obtained from 7 patients without any clinical findings suggesting familial or syndromic TAA. Results: TAA samples showed a higher P-SMAD2-positive area than samples with a normal diameter. P-SMAD2 signal was higher in the outer zone of the aortic and TAA walls. Within the TAA tissue, P-SMAD2 staining showed the following two distinct patterns: layer-like staining at the border of the medial layer and the thickened intima and a spot-like staining within the medial layer surrounding the microvessels. Conclusion: These findings suggested that TGFβ signaling is activated in several distinct histopathological contexts in TAA, suggesting a complex role of TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Fukuda
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Tobinaga
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Otsuka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shojima
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takagi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Akashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiya Kato
- Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Groeneveld ME, Bogunovic N, Musters RJP, Tangelder GJ, Pals G, Wisselink W, Micha D, Yeung KK. Betaglycan (TGFBR3) up-regulation correlates with increased TGF-β signaling in Marfan patient fibroblasts in vitro. Cardiovasc Pathol 2017; 32:44-49. [PMID: 29198452 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS), a congenital connective tissue disorder leading to aortic aneurysm development, is caused by fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene mutations. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) might play a role in the pathogenesis. It is still a matter of discussion if and how TGF-β up-regulates the intracellular downstream pathway, although TGF-β receptor 3 (TGFBR3 or Betaglycan) is thought to be involved. We aimed to elucidate the role of TGFBR3 protein in TGF-β signaling in Marfan patients. METHODS Dermal fibroblasts of MFS patients with haploinsufficient (HI; n=9) or dominant negative (DN; n=4) FBN1 gene mutations, leading to insufficient or malfunctioning fibrillin-1, respectively, were used. Control cells (n=10) were from healthy volunteers. We quantified TGFBR3 protein expression by immunofluorescence microscopy and gene expression of FBN1, TGFB1, its receptors, and downstream transcriptional target genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Betaglycan protein expression in FBN1 mutants pooled was higher than in controls (P=.004) and in DN higher than in HI (P=.015). In DN, significantly higher mRNA expression of FBN1 (P=.014), SMAD7 (P=.019), HSP47 (P=.023), and SERPINE1 (P=.008), but a lower HSPA5 expression (P=.029), was observed than in HI. A pattern of higher expression was noted for TGFB1 (P=.059), FN1 (P=.089), and COL1A1 (P=.089) in DN as compared to HI. TGFBR3 protein expression in cells, both presence in the endoplasmic reticulum and amount of vesicles per cell, correlated positively with TGFB1 mRNA expression (Rs=0.60, P=.017; Rs=0.55, P=.029; respectively). TGFBR3 gene expression did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that activation of TGF-β signaling is higher in patients with a DN than an HI FBN1 gene mutation. Also, TGFBR3 protein expression is increased in the DN group and correlates positively with TGFB1 expression in groups pooled. We suggest that TGFBR3 protein expression is involved in up-regulated TGF-β signaling in MFS patients with a DN FBN1 gene mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Evert Groeneveld
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalija Bogunovic
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René John Philip Musters
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Tangelder
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Wisselink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Micha
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Pisano C, Balistreri CR, Ricasoli A, Ruvolo G. Cardiovascular Disease in Ageing: An Overview on Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm as an Emerging Inflammatory Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1274034. [PMID: 29203969 PMCID: PMC5674506 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1274034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial degeneration associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm and acute aortic dissection was originally described by Erdheim as a noninflammatory lesion related to the loss of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibre fragmentation in the media. Recent evidences propose the strong role of a chronic immune/inflammatory process in aneurysm evocation and progression. The coexistence of inflammatory cells with markers of apoptotic vascular cell death in the media of ascending aorta with aneurysms and type A dissections raises the possibility that activated T cells and macrophages may contribute to the elimination of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the matrix. On the other hand, several inflammatory pathways (including TGF-β, TLR-4 interferon-γ, chemokines, and interferon-γ) seem to be involved in the medial degeneration related to aged and dilated aorta. This is an overview on thoracic aortic aneurysm as an emerging inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, “P. Giaccone” University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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20
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Liao MF, Gong QW, Liu L, Xiong XY, Zhang Q, Gong CX, Yang QW. Association between polymorphism of SMAD3 gene and risk of sporadic intracranial arterial aneurysms in the Chinese Han population. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 47:269-272. [PMID: 28988651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial arterial aneurysms (IAAs) are locally abnormal dilations of the cerebral arteries and often result in subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAH). Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of sporadic IAAs forms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the association between mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) genotypes and the risk of sporadic intracranial arterial aneurysms among the Chinese Han population. A case-control study was conducted examining 330 IAA patients and 313 controls. There were eight single nucleotide polymorphisms of SMAD3 selected and genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method. Our results indicated that SMAD3 rs1065080 polymorphism was associated with a risk of IAAs in a codominant model (GA vs GG, OR=1.433; 95% CI 1.030-1.994; P=0.032). In summary, we observed that SMAD3 rs1065080 single nucleotide gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with patient susceptibility to IAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Fan Liao
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qiu-Wen Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Chang-Xiong Gong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, No. 183, Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China.
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21
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Abstract
The appearance of the first animal species on earth coincides with the emergence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways. The evolution of these animals into more complex organisms coincides with a progressively increased TGFβ repertoire through gene duplications and divergence, making secreted TGFβ molecules the largest family of morphogenetic proteins in humans. It is therefore not surprising that TGFβ pathways govern numerous aspects of human biology from early embryonic development to regeneration, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and immunity. Such heavy reliance on these pathways is reflected in the susceptibility to minor perturbations in pathway components that can lead to dysregulated signaling and a diverse range of human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis, and developmental disorders. Attempts to comprehensively resolve these signaling cascades are complicated by the long-recognized paradoxical role the pathway plays in cell biology. Recently, several groups have probed examples of the disparate aspects of TGFβ biology in a variety of animal models and uncovered novel context-dependent regulatory mechanisms. Here, we briefly review recent advancements and discuss their overall impact in directing future TGFβ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ayyaz
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Bott A, Abnaof K, Oren N, Yousaf A, Körner C, Meshel T, Wiemann S, Ben-Baruch A. Co-Inflammatory Roles of TGFβ1 in the Presence of TNFα Drive a Pro-inflammatory Fate in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28553282 PMCID: PMC5425596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasticity is a hallmark of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and as such, their differentiation and activities may be shaped by factors of their microenvironment. Bones, tumors, and cardiomyopathy are examples of niches and conditions that contain MSCs and are enriched with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). These two cytokines are generally considered as having opposing roles in regulating immunity and inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory, respectively). Here, we performed global gene expression analysis of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified overlap in half of the transcriptional programs that were modified by TNFα and TGFβ1. The two cytokines elevated the mRNA expression of soluble factors, including mRNAs of pro-inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, the typical pro-inflammatory factor TNFα prominently induced the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in MSCs, through the NF-κB/p65 pathway. In parallel, TGFβ1 did not elevate CXCL8 protein levels and induced the protein expression of CCL2 at much lower levels than TNFα; yet, TGFβ1 readily induced Cox-2 and acted predominantly via the Smad3 pathway. Interestingly, combined stimulation of MSCs by TNFα + TGFβ1 led to a cooperative induction of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that TGFβ1 functioned as a co-inflammatory cytokine in the presence of TNFα. The cooperative activities of TNFα + TGFβ1 that have led to CCL2 and CXCL8 induction were almost exclusively dependent on p65 activation and were not regulated by Smad3 or by the upstream regulator TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In contrast, the TNFα + TGFβ1-induced cooperative elevation in Cox-2 was mostly dependent on Smad3 (demonstrating cooperativity with activated NF-κB) and was partly regulated by TAK1. Studies with MSCs activated by TNFα + TGFβ1 revealed that they release factors that can affect other cells in their microenvironment and induce breast tumor cell elongation, migration, and scattering out of spheroid tumor masses. Thus, our findings demonstrate a TNFα + TGFβ1-driven pro-inflammatory fate in MSCs, identify specific molecular mechanisms involved, and propose that TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs influence the tumor niche. These observations suggest key roles for the microenvironment in regulating MSC functions, which in turn may affect different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Lerrer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nino Oren
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Exome sequencing identified a novel SMAD2 mutation in a Chinese family with early onset aortic aneurysms. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:211-214. [PMID: 28283438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm remains a devastating disease due to its fatal complications, such as aortic dissection and rupture. A subset of aortic aneurysm is caused by genetic defect and to date more than a dozen of disease-causing genes have been discovered to account for the disease. In this study, by using whole exome sequencing, we identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.833C>T, p.A278V) in the SMAD2 gene in a family with early onset aortic aneurysms. The mutation segregated in this family, was high conserved among species and predicted to be pathogenic by multiple in silico programs. To our knowledge, this is the second report that link the SMAD2 mutations to aortic aneurysm. We recommend that SMAD2 should be included in the expanding panel of genetic testing for patients with unexplained aortic aneurysms, which will facilitate genotype-phenotype correlation of SMAD2 mutations. Given the current wide application of molecular diagnosis in clinical setting, identification of the defected gene allows recognition of additional family members at risk for aortic diseases and gene-based management of the carriers.
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Dagher Z, Gerhardinger C, Vaz J, Goodridge M, Tecilazich F, Lorenzi M. The Increased Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Induced by Diabetes Protects Retinal Vessels. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:627-638. [PMID: 28162229 PMCID: PMC5397667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roles of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in extracellular matrix production and vascular remodeling, coupled with increased TGF-β expression and signaling in diabetes, suggest TGF-β as an important contributor to the microangiopathy of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. To investigate whether increased TGF-β signaling could be a therapeutic target for preventing retinopathy, we used a pharmacologic approach (SM16, a selective inhibitor of the type 1 TGF-β receptor activin receptor-like kinase 5, orally active) to inhibit the increased, but not the basal, Tgf-β signaling in retinal vessels of diabetic rats. At the level of vascular gene expression, 3.5 months' diabetes induced minimal changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused widespread changes in gene expression poised to enhance vascular inflammation, thrombosis, leakage, and wall instability; these changes were not observed in control rats given SM16. The synergy of diabetes and SM16 in altering gene expression was not observed in the lung. At the level of vascular network morphology, 7 months' diabetes induced no detectable changes. Diabetes + SM16 for 3 weeks caused instead distorted morphology and decreased density. Thus, in diabetes, retinal vessels become dependent on a small increase in TGF-β signaling via activin receptor-like kinase 5 to maintain early integrity. The increased TGF-β signaling may protect against rapid retinopathy progression and should not be a target of inhibitory interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Dagher
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chiara Gerhardinger
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Vaz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Goodridge
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Tecilazich
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mara Lorenzi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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25
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Al Maskari R, Yasmin, Cleary S, Figg N, Mehta S, Rassl D, Wilkinson I, O'Shaughnessy KM. A missense TGFB2 variant p.(Arg320Cys) causes a paradoxical and striking increase in aortic TGFB1/2 expression. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 25:157-160. [PMID: 27782106 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with a range of cardiovascular, skeletal, craniofacial and cutaneous manifestations. LDS type 4 is caused by mutations in TGFβ ligand 2 (TGFB2) and based on the family pedigrees described to date, appears to have a milder clinical phenotype, often presenting with isolated aortic disease. We sought to investigate its molecular basis in a new pedigree. We identified a missense variant p.(Arg320Cys) (NM_003238.3) in a highly evolutionary conserved region of TGFB2 in a new LDS type 4 pedigree with multiple cases of aortic aneurysms and dissections. There was striking upregulation of TGFB1 and TGFB2 expression on immunofluorescent staining, and western blotting of the aortic tissue from the index case confirming the functional importance of the variant. This case highlights the striking paradox of predicted loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 causing enhanced TGFβ signaling in this emerging familial aortopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Al Maskari
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yasmin
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Cleary
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikki Figg
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarju Mehta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Doris Rassl
- Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M O'Shaughnessy
- Department of Medicine (EMIT and CVD divisions), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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26
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Smooth muscle cell-specific Tgfbr1 deficiency promotes aortic aneurysm formation by stimulating multiple signaling events. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35444. [PMID: 27739498 PMCID: PMC5064316 DOI: 10.1038/srep35444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling disorder has emerged as a common molecular signature for aortic aneurysm development. The timing of postnatal maturation plays a key role in dictating the biological outcome of TGF-β signaling disorders in the aortic wall. In this study, we investigated the impact of deficiency of TGFβ receptors on the structural homeostasis of mature aortas. We used an inducible Cre-loxP system driven by a Myh11 promoter to delete Tgfbr1, Tgfbr2, or both in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of adult mice. TGFBR1 deficiency resulted in rapid and severe aneurysmal degeneration, with 100% penetrance of ascending thoracic aortas, whereas TGFBR2 deletion only caused mild aortic pathology with low (26%) lesion prevalence. Removal of TGFBR2 attenuated the aortic pathology caused by TGFBR1 deletion and correlated with a reduction of early ERK phosphorylation. In addition, the production of angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme was upregulated in TGFBR1 deficient aortas at the early stage of aneurysmal degeneration. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation or blockade of AngII type I receptor AT1R prevented aneurysmal degeneration of TGFBR1 deficient aortas. In conclusion, loss of SMC-Tgfbr1 triggers multiple deleterious pathways, including abnormal TGFBR2, ERK, and AngII/AT1R signals that disrupt aortic wall homeostasis to cause aortic aneurysm formation.
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27
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Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:984-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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van der Pluijm I, van Vliet N, von der Thusen JH, Robertus JL, Ridwan Y, van Heijningen PM, van Thiel BS, Vermeij M, Hoeks SE, Buijs-Offerman RMGB, Verhagen HJM, Kanaar R, Bertoli-Avella AM, Essers J. Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Smad3 Mice Leads to Accelerated Aneurysmal Growth Through Disturbed Downstream TGF-β Signaling. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:280-294. [PMID: 27688095 PMCID: PMC5078606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome characterized by unpredictable aortic aneurysm formation, is caused by SMAD3 mutations. SMAD3 is part of the SMAD2/3/4 transcription factor, essential for TGF-β-activated transcription. Although TGF-β-related gene mutations result in aneurysms, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we examined aneurysm formation and progression in Smad3-/- animals. Smad3-/- animals developed aortic aneurysms rapidly, resulting in premature death. Aortic wall immunohistochemistry showed no increase in extracellular matrix and collagen accumulation, nor loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) but instead revealed medial elastin disruption and adventitial inflammation. Remarkably, matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) were not activated in VSMCs, but rather specifically in inflammatory areas. Although Smad3-/- aortas showed increased nuclear pSmad2 and pErk, indicating TGF-β receptor activation, downstream TGF-β-activated target genes were not upregulated. Increased pSmad2 and pErk staining in pre-aneurysmal Smad3-/- aortas implied that aortic damage and TGF-β receptor-activated signaling precede aortic inflammation. Finally, impaired downstream TGF-β activated transcription resulted in increased Smad3-/- VSMC proliferation. Smad3 deficiency leads to imbalanced activation of downstream genes, no activation of MMPs in VSMCs, and immune responses resulting in rapid aortic wall dilatation and rupture. Our findings uncover new possibilities for treatment of SMAD3 patients; instead of targeting TGF-β signaling, immune suppression may be more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H von der Thusen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J L Robertus
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Heijningen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B S van Thiel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S E Hoeks
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M G B Buijs-Offerman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H J M Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M Bertoli-Avella
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Guo J, Wang Q, Wai D, Zhang QZ, Shi SH, Le AD, Shi ST, Yen SLK. Visible red and infrared light alters gene expression in human marrow stromal fibroblast cells. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 18 Suppl 1:50-61. [PMID: 25865533 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tested whether or not gene expression in human marrow stromal fibroblast (MSF) cells depends on light wavelength and energy density. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultures of isolated human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSC) were exposed to visible red (VR, 633 nm) and infrared (IR, 830 nm) radiation wavelengths from a light emitting diode (LED) over a range of energy densities (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Joules/cm2) Cultured cells were assayed for cell proliferation, osteogenic potential, adipogenesis, mRNA and protein content. mRNA was analyzed by microarray and compared among different wavelengths and energy densities. Mesenchymal and epithelial cell responses were compared to determine whether responses were cell type specific. Protein array analysis was used to further analyze key pathways identified by microarrays. RESULT Different wavelengths and energy densities produced unique sets of genes identified by microarray analysis. Pathway analysis pointed to TGF-beta 1 in the visible red and Akt 1 in the infrared wavelengths as key pathways to study. TGF-beta protein arrays suggested switching from canonical to non-canonical TGF-beta pathways with increases to longer IR wavelengths. Microarrays suggest RANKL and MMP 10 followed IR energy density dose-response curves. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells respond differently to stimulation by light suggesting cell type-specific response is possible. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate differential gene expression with different wavelengths, energy densities and cell types. These differences in gene expression have the potential to be exploited for therapeutic purposes and can help explain contradictory results in the literature when wavelengths, energy densities and cell types differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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30
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Tan X, Zhu Y, Chen C, Chen X, Qin Y, Qu B, Luo L, Lin H, Wu M, Chen W, Liu Y. Sprouty2 Suppresses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Lens Epithelial Cells through Blockade of Smad2 and ERK1/2 Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159275. [PMID: 27415760 PMCID: PMC4944964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and capsule opacification. In mouse lens, Sprouty2 (Spry2) has a negative regulatory role on TGFβ signaling. However, the regulation of Spry2 during ASC development and how Spry2 modulates TGFβ signaling pathway in human LECs have not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that Spry2 expression level is decreased in anterior capsule LECs of ASC patients. Spry2 negatively regulates TGFβ2-induced EMT and migration of LECs through inhibition of Smad2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Also, blockade of Smad2 or ERK1/2 activation suppresses EMT caused by Spry2 downregulation. Collectively, our results for the first time show in human LECs that Spry2 has an inhibitory role in TGFβ signaling pathway. Our findings in human lens tissue and epithelial cells suggest that Spry2 may become a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of ASC and capsule opacification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Morikawa M, Derynck R, Miyazono K. TGF-β and the TGF-β Family: Context-Dependent Roles in Cell and Tissue Physiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:8/5/a021873. [PMID: 27141051 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo- and heterodimers. This review introduces the reader to the TGF-β family with its complexity of names and biological activities. It also introduces TGF-β as the best-studied factor among the TGF-β family proteins, with its diversity of roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing and immune system, and its key roles in pathology, for example, skeletal diseases, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Morikawa
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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32
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Zeidler S, Meckbach C, Tacke R, Raad FS, Roa A, Uchida S, Zimmermann WH, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Detection of Stage-Specific Transcription Factor Clusters during Heart Development. Front Genet 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27047536 PMCID: PMC4804722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression in living organisms. In higher organisms, TFs often interact in non-random combinations with each other to control gene transcription. Understanding the interactions is key to decipher mechanisms underlying tissue development. The aim of this study was to analyze co-occurring transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in a time series dataset from a new cell-culture model of human heart muscle development in order to identify common as well as specific co-occurring TFBS pairs in the promoter regions of regulated genes which can be essential to enhance cardiac tissue developmental processes. To this end, we separated available RNAseq dataset into five temporally defined groups: (i) mesoderm induction stage; (ii) early cardiac specification stage; (iii) late cardiac specification stage; (iv) early cardiac maturation stage; (v) late cardiac maturation stage, where each of these stages is characterized by unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify TFBS pairs for each stage, we applied the MatrixCatch algorithm, which is a successful method to deduce experimentally described TFBS pairs in the promoters of the DEGs. Although DEGs in each stage are distinct, our results show that the TFBS pair networks predicted by MatrixCatch for all stages are quite similar. Thus, we extend the results of MatrixCatch utilizing a Markov clustering algorithm (MCL) to perform network analysis. Using our extended approach, we are able to separate the TFBS pair networks in several clusters to highlight stage-specific co-occurences between TFBSs. Our approach has revealed clusters that are either common (NFAT or HMGIY clusters) or specific (SMAD or AP-1 clusters) for the individual stages. Several of these clusters are likely to play an important role during the cardiomyogenesis. Further, we have shown that the related TFs of TFBSs in the clusters indicate potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions to switch between different stages. Additionally, our results suggest that cardiomyogenesis follows the hourglass model which was already proven for Arabidopsis and some vertebrates. This investigation helps us to get a better understanding of how each stage of cardiomyogenesis is affected by different combination of TFs. Such knowledge may help to understand basic principles of stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zeidler
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Meckbach
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Tacke
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farah S Raad
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelica Roa
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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Huang SS, Chen CL, Huang FW, Hou WH, Huang JS. DMSO Enhances TGF-β Activity by Recruiting the Type II TGF-β Receptor From Intracellular Vesicles to the Plasma Membrane. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1568-79. [PMID: 26587792 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is used to treat many diseases/symptoms. The molecular basis of the pharmacological actions of DMSO has been unclear. We hypothesized that DMSO exerts some of these actions by enhancing TGF-β activity. Here we show that DMSO enhances TGF-β activity by ∼3-4-fold in Mv1Lu and NMuMG cells expressing Smad-dependent luciferase reporters. In Mv1Lu cells, DMSO enhances TGF-β-stimulated expression of P-Smad2 and PAI-1. It increases cell-surface expression of TGF-β receptors (TβR-I and/or TβR-II) by ∼3-4-fold without altering their cellular levels as determined by (125) I-labeled TGF-β-cross-linking/Western blot analysis, suggesting the presence of large intracellular pools in these cells. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation/Western blot analysis reveals that DMSO induces recruitment of TβR-II (but not TβR-I) from its intracellular pool to plasma-membrane microdomains. It induces more recruitment of TβR-II to non-lipid raft microdomains than to lipid rafts/caveolae. Mv1Lu cells transiently transfected with TβR-II-HA plasmid were treated with DMSO and analyzed by indirect immunofluoresence staining using anti-HA antibody. In these cells, TβR-II-HA is present as a vesicle-like network in the cytoplasm as well as in the plasma membrane. DMSO causes depletion of TβR-II-HA-containing vesicles from the cytoplasm and co-localization of TβR-II-HA and cveolin-1 at the plasma membrane. These results suggest that DMSO, a fusogenic substance, enhances TGF-β activity presumably by inducing fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles (containing TβR-II) and the plasma membrane, resulting in increased localization of TβR-II to non-lipid raft microdomains where canonical signaling occurs. Fusogenic activity of DMSO may play a pivotal role in its pharmacological actions involving membrane proteins with large cytoplasmic pools. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1568-1579, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University and Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Wei-Hsien Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104
| | - Jung San Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Doisy Research Center, 1100 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63104
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Takeda N, Yagi H, Hara H, Fujiwara T, Fujita D, Nawata K, Inuzuka R, Taniguchi Y, Harada M, Toko H, Akazawa H, Komuro I. Pathophysiology and Management of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Marfan and Loeys–Dietz Syndromes. Int Heart J 2016; 57:271-7. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Hiroki Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Daishi Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Kan Nawata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Ryo Inuzuka
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital
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35
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TGF-β signalopathies as a paradigm for translational medicine. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:695-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Cao Q, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang F, Chen S. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mediates the angiotensin-induced non-canonical TGF-β pathway activation of c-kit(+) cardiac stem cells. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2233-43. [PMID: 26807171 PMCID: PMC4697703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) can differentiate into cardiac muscle-like cells upon stimulation by angiotensin II (Ang II). TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) has been shown to promote JNK- and p38-induced myogenic differentiation and mediate Smad-independent activation of TGF-β. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the activation of these signaling pathways are not entirely known. Herein, we hypothesized that Ang II could promote the differentiation of CSCs into cardiac muscle-like cells by non-canonical TGF-β/TRAF6 signaling pathway, and sought to test the hypothesis. C-kit(+) CSCs were isolated from neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and their c-kit status was confirmed with immunofluorescence staining. A TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor (SB431542) was used to inhibit SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TRAF6 was used to investigate the role of TRAF6 in TGF-β signaling. Rescue of TRAF6 siRNA transfected cells with a 3'UTR-deleted siRNA insensitive construct was performed to rule out any off-target effects of the siRNA. TRAF6 dominant-negative (TRAF6DN) vector was constructed and used to infect c-kit(+) CSCs. Our results showed that the increase in JNK and p38 activation by Ang-II was blocked by siRNA. After transfection by TRAF6-siRNA or Ad-TRAF6, the cardiac specific markers and Wnt signaling proteins were tested by Western blotting. Physical interactions between TRAF6 and TGF-β receptors were studied by co-immunoprecipitation. Forced expression of TRAF6 enhanced the expression of cTnT and Cx-43 but inhibited the expression of Wnt3a.Our data suggested that TRAF6 mediated Ang II-induced differential responses in c-kit(+) CSCs via the non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Liya Huang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Hu JH, Wei H, Jaffe M, Airhart N, Du L, Angelov SN, Yan J, Allen JK, Kang I, Wight TN, Fox K, Smith A, Enstrom R, Dichek DA. Postnatal Deletion of the Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor in Smooth Muscle Cells Causes Severe Aortopathy in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2647-56. [PMID: 26494233 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal deletion of the type II transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor (TBRII) prevents normal vascular morphogenesis and smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, causing embryonic death. The role of TBRII in adult SMC is less well studied. Clarification of this role has important clinical implications because TBRII deletion should ablate TGF-β signaling, and blockade of TGF-β signaling is envisioned as a treatment for human aortopathies. We hypothesized that postnatal loss of SMC TBRII would cause aortopathy. APPROACH AND RESULTS We generated mice with either of 2 tamoxifen-inducible SMC-specific Cre (SMC-CreER(T2)) alleles and homozygous floxed Tgfbr2 alleles. Mice were injected with tamoxifen, and their aortas examined 4 and 14 weeks later. Both SMC-CreER(T2) alleles efficiently and specifically rearranged a floxed reporter gene and efficiently rearranged a floxed Tgfbr2 allele, resulting in loss of aortic medial TBRII protein. Loss of SMC TBRII caused severe aortopathy, including hemorrhage, ulceration, dissection, dilation, accumulation of macrophage markers, elastolysis, abnormal proteoglycan accumulation, and aberrant SMC gene expression. All areas of the aorta were affected, with the most severe pathology in the ascending aorta. Cre-mediated loss of SMC TBRII in vitro ablated both canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling and reproduced some of the gene expression abnormalities detected in vivo. CONCLUSIONS SMC TBRII plays a critical role in maintaining postnatal aortic homeostasis. Loss of SMC TBRII disrupts TGF-β signaling, acutely alters SMC gene expression, and rapidly results in severe and durable aortopathy. These results suggest that pharmacological blockade of TGF-β signaling in humans could cause aortic disease rather than prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hong Hu
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Hao Wei
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Mia Jaffe
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Nathan Airhart
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Liang Du
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Stoyan N Angelov
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - James Yan
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Julie K Allen
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Inkyung Kang
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Thomas N Wight
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Kate Fox
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Alexandra Smith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - Rachel Enstrom
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.)
| | - David A Dichek
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA (J.H.H., H.W., M.J., N.A., L.D., S.N.A., J.Y., J.K.A., K.F., A.S., R.E., D.A.D); and the Matrix Biology Program at the Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA (I.K., T.N.W.).
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Cinquina V, Ritelli M, Colombi M. GLUT10 deficiency leads to oxidative stress and non-canonical αvβ3 integrin-mediated TGFβ signalling associated with extracellular matrix disarray in arterial tortuosity syndrome skin fibroblasts. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6769-87. [PMID: 26376865 PMCID: PMC4634379 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is an autosomal recessive connective tissue disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A10, which encodes facilitative glucose transporter 10 (GLUT10). The role of GLUT10 in ATS pathogenesis remains an enigma, and the transported metabolite(s), i.e. glucose and/or dehydroascorbic acid, have not been clearly elucidated. To discern the molecular mechanisms underlying the ATS aetiology, we performed gene expression profiling and biochemical studies on skin fibroblasts. Transcriptome analyses revealed the dysregulation of several genes involved in TGFβ signalling and extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis as well as the perturbation of specific pathways that control both the cell energy balance and the oxidative stress response. Biochemical and functional studies showed a marked increase in ROS-induced lipid peroxidation sustained by altered PPARγ function, which contributes to the redox imbalance and the compensatory antioxidant activity of ALDH1A1. ATS fibroblasts also showed activation of a non-canonical TGFβ signalling due to TGFBRI disorganization, the upregulation of TGFBRII and connective tissue growth factor, and the activation of the αvβ3 integrin transduction pathway, which involves p125FAK, p60Src and p38 MAPK. Stable GLUT10 expression in patients' fibroblasts normalized redox homeostasis and PPARγ activity, rescued canonical TGFβ signalling and induced partial ECM re-organization. These data add new insights into the ATS dysregulated biological pathways and definition of the pathomechanisms involved in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Kurakula K, Goumans MJ, Ten Dijke P. Regulatory RNAs controlling vascular (dys)function by affecting TGF-ß family signalling. EXCLI JOURNAL 2015; 14:832-50. [PMID: 26862319 PMCID: PMC4743484 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master regulators of gene expression in cardiovascular biology and disease. miRNAs are small endogenous non-coding RNAs that usually bind to 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs and inhibit mRNA stability or translation of their target genes. miRNAs play a dynamic role in the pathophysiology of many CVDs through their effects on target mRNAs in vascular cells. Recently, numerous miRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling pathway which plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes, and is involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including CVD. This review gives an overview of current literature on the role of miRNAs targeting TGF-β/BMP signalling in vascular cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. We also provide insight into how this miRNA-mediated regulation of TGF-β/BMP signalling might be used to harness CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Dai X, Shen J, Annam NP, Jiang H, Levi E, Schworer CM, Tromp G, Arora A, Higgins M, Wang XF, Yang M, Li HJ, Zhang K, Kuivaniemi H, Li L. SMAD3 deficiency promotes vessel wall remodeling, collagen fiber reorganization and leukocyte infiltration in an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10180. [PMID: 25985281 PMCID: PMC4434993 DOI: 10.1038/srep10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of aneurysms; however, it is still unclear whether its role is protective or destructive. In this study, we investigate the role of SMAD3 in the pathogenesis of calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in Smad3−/−, Smad3+/− and Smad3+/+ mice. We find that loss of SMAD3 drastically increases wall thickening of the abdominal aorta. Histological analyses show significant vessel wall remodeling with elastic fiber fragmentation. Remarkably, under polarized light, collagen fibers in the hyperplastic adventitia of Smad3−/− mice show extensive reorganization accompanied by loosely packed thin and radial collagen fibers. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinases including MMP2, MMP9, and MMP12 and infiltration of macrophage/T cells are drastically enhanced in the vascular wall of Smad3−/− mice. We also observe marked increase of NF-κB and ERK1/2 signaling as well as the expression of nuclear Smad2, Smad4 and TGF-β1 in the vessel wall of Smad3−/− mice. In addition, we find that SMAD3 expression is reduced in the dedifferentiated medial smooth muscle-like cells of human AAA patients. These findings provide direct in vivo evidence to support the essential roles of SMAD3 in protecting vessel wall integrity and suppressing inflammation in the pathogenesis of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Dai
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine [2] Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics
| | - Jianbin Shen
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine [2] Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics [3] Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | | | | | - Edi Levi
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Charles M Schworer
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822
| | - Gerard Tromp
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822
| | | | | | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Maozhou Yang
- Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Hui J Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655
| | | | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- The Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA 17822
| | - Li Li
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine [2] Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics [3] Cardiovascular Research Institute
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Rodell CB, Rai R, Faubel S, Burdick JA, Soranno DE. Local immunotherapy via delivery of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor β antagonist for treatment of chronic kidney disease. J Control Release 2015; 206:131-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Paloschi V, Gådin JR, Khan S, Björck HM, Du L, Maleki S, Roy J, Lindeman JHM, Mohamed SA, Tsuda T, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P. Aneurysm development in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve is not associated with transforming growth factor-β activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:973-80. [PMID: 25745062 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) have an increased risk of developing ascending aortic aneurysms. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a crucial factor of vascular remodeling, the impaired signaling of which can alter the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix. In this study, we analyzed the activity of TGFβ in aneurysmal and nonaneurysmal ascending aorta from BAV patients, using tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients as a reference group. APPROACH AND RESULTS The response to exogenous TGFβ was analyzed with regard to gene expression in primary aortic smooth muscle cells that were isolated from 7 BAV and 5 TAV patients and in valve fibroblasts from 7 BAV and 8 TAV patients. The set of genes that were significantly changed by TGFβ (217 genes) was compared with gene expression profiles of the ascending aorta from BAV and TAV patients (139 arrays). By principle component analysis, based on the 217 genes, gene expression differed significantly in the intima/media region between aneurysmal BAV and TAV aortas, driven by the response in TAV patients. During aneurysm development the levels of phosphorylated SMADs and the availability of free TGFβ were lower in BAV patients compared with TAV. Confocal microscopy analysis showed a higher colocalization of latency associated peptide and latent TGFβ binding protein 3 in BAV aortas. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that TGFβ activation during aneurysm formation is muted in patients with BAV, possibly as a result of an increased TGFβ sequestration in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Paloschi
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.).
| | - Jesper R Gådin
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Shaukat Khan
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Hanna M Björck
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Lei Du
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Shohreh Maleki
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Joy Roy
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Jan H M Lindeman
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Salah A Mohamed
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Takeshi Tsuda
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
| | - Per Eriksson
- From the Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine (V.P., J.R.G., H.M.B., L.D., S.M., P.E.), Vascular Surgery Section, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), and Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (A.F.-C.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Cardiac Research, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE (S.K., T.T.); Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (J.H.M.L.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany (S.A.M.)
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Divchev D, Najjar T, Tillwich F, Rehders T, Palisch H, Nienaber CA. Predicting long-term outcomes of acute aortic dissection: a focus on gender. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:325-31. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ritelli M, Chiarelli N, Dordoni C, Quinzani S, Venturini M, Maroldi R, Calzavara-Pinton P, Colombi M. Further delineation of Loeys-Dietz syndrome type 4 in a family with mild vascular involvement and a TGFB2 splicing mutation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:91. [PMID: 25163805 PMCID: PMC4236574 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection and widespread systemic connective tissue involvement. LDS type 1 to 4 are caused by mutations in genes of the TGF-β signaling pathway: TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 encoding the TGF-β receptor (LDS1 and LDS2), SMAD3 encoding the TGF-β receptor cytoplasmic effector (LDS3), and TGFB2 encoding the TGF-β2 ligand (LDS4). LDS4 represents the mildest end of the LDS spectrum, since aneurysms are usually observed in fourth decade and the progression of the disease is slower than in the other forms. Case presentation We report the clinical and molecular findings of an LDS4 Italian family. Genetic testing included TGFBR1, TGFBR2, SMAD3, and TGFB2 analysis by Sanger sequencing. In order to verify the effect of the identified splice mutation, RT-PCR analysis was performed. The proband, a 57-year-old woman, showed high palate, hypoplasic uvula, easy bruising, joint hypermobility, chronic pain, scoliosis, multiple relapsing hernias, dural ectasia, and mitral valve prolapse. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed tortuosity and ectasia of carotid, vertebral, cerebral, and segmental pulmonary arteries. Arterial aneurysm and dissection never occurred. Her 39- and 34-year-old daughters presented with a variable degree of musculoskeletal involvement. Molecular analysis disclosed the novel c.839-1G>A splice site mutation in the TGFB2 gene. This mutation activates a cryptic splice acceptor site in exon 6 leading to frameshift, premature termination codon and haploinsufficiency (p.Gly280Aspfs*41). Conclusions Our data confirm that loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 gene do not always lead to aggressive vascular phenotypes and that articular and skeletal signs are prevalent, therefore suggesting that LDS4 must be considered in patients with sparse signs of LDS and related disorders also in the absence of vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia 25123, Italy.
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Gago-Díaz M, Blanco-Verea A, Teixidó-Turà G, Valenzuela I, Del Campo M, Borregan M, Sobrino B, Amigo J, García-Dorado D, Evangelista A, Carracedo A, Brion M. Whole exome sequencing for the identification of a new mutation in TGFB2 involved in a familial case of non-syndromic aortic disease. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 437:88-92. [PMID: 25046559 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-syndromic aortic disease (NSAD) is a frequently asymptomatic but potentially lethal disease characterised by familial cases of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. This monogenic but genetically heterogeneous condition is primarily inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder with low penetrance and variable expression. Mutations in ACTA2, TGFBR1, TGFBR2, MYH11, SMAD3, MYLK, and FBN1 genes have been described but still, there are many unresolved familial cases. METHODS The whole exome of two distantly related and affected members of a Spanish family with multiple cases of NSAD was analysed through 5500 SOLiD(™) System for the identification of shared and putative pathogenic variants. RESULTS A new mutation termed c.C1042T:p.R348C (NM_001135599.2) was identified in TGFB2, a gene located in an evolutionary highly conserved region (Chr1: 218,519,577-218,617,961) that has been recently connected to this disease. The analysis of other family members using capillary sequencing confirmed cosegregation of the mutation with the disease and its incomplete penetrance. CONCLUSIONS The repeated implication of TGFB2 in the development of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections suggests that this gene should be considered during genetic diagnosis of this disease. An accurate diagnosis of affected individuals and additional family members at risk allows for a personalised and more efficient gene-based follow-up and treatment. Finally, the reiterative presence of common musculoskeletal and craniofacial additional features in patients with TGFB2 mutations suggests the existence of a new yet undefined connective tissue syndrome responsible for not only aortic dilation, but also for the other extracardiac alterations present in the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gago-Díaz
- Xenética de enfermidades cardiovasculares e oftalmolóxicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Blanco-Verea
- Xenética de enfermidades cardiovasculares e oftalmolóxicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Gisela Teixidó-Turà
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Miguel Del Campo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Mar Borregan
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Sobrino
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Jorge Amigo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - David García-Dorado
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Artur Evangelista
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah.
| | - María Brion
- Xenética de enfermidades cardiovasculares e oftalmolóxicas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica IDIS-USC, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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Ganesh SK, Morissette R, Xu Z, Schoenhoff F, Griswold BF, Yang J, Tong L, Yang ML, Hunker K, Sloper L, Kuo S, Raza R, Milewicz DM, Francomano CA, Dietz HC, Van Eyk J, McDonnell NB. Clinical and biochemical profiles suggest fibromuscular dysplasia is a systemic disease with altered TGF-β expression and connective tissue features. FASEB J 2014; 28:3313-24. [PMID: 24732132 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare, nonatherosclerotic arterial disease for which the molecular basis is unknown. We comprehensively studied 47 subjects with FMD, including physical examination, spine magnetic resonance imaging, bone densitometry, and brain magnetic resonance angiography. Inflammatory biomarkers in plasma and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokines in patient-derived dermal fibroblasts were measured by ELISA. Arterial pathology other than medial fibrodysplasia with multifocal stenosis included cerebral aneurysm, found in 12.8% of subjects. Extra-arterial pathology included low bone density (P<0.001); early onset degenerative spine disease (95.7%); increased incidence of Chiari I malformation (6.4%) and dural ectasia (42.6%); and physical examination findings of a mild connective tissue dysplasia (95.7%). Screening for mutations causing known genetically mediated arteriopathies was unrevealing. We found elevated plasma TGF-β1 (P=0.009), TGF-β2 (P=0.004) and additional inflammatory markers, and increased TGF-β1 (P=0.0009) and TGF-β2 (P=0.0001) secretion in dermal fibroblast cell lines from subjects with FMD compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Detailed phenotyping of patients with FMD allowed us to demonstrate that FMD is a systemic disease with alterations in common with the spectrum of genetic syndromes that involve altered TGF-β signaling and offers TGF-β as a marker of FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi K Ganesh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Rachel Morissette
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Zhi Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Schoenhoff
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Proteomics Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin F Griswold
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiandong Yang
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lan Tong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Min-Lee Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristina Hunker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leslie Sloper
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shinie Kuo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rafi Raza
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Harry C Dietz
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Van Eyk
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Proteomics Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nazli B McDonnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
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Abstract
Clinical and molecular genetics are inextricably linked. In the last two decades genetic studies have revealed the causes of several forms of structural heart disease. Recent work is extending the insights from inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies to other forms of heart disease. In this review we outline the current state of the art for the genetics of adult structural heart disease, in particular the cardiomyopathies, valvular heart disease and aortic disease. The general approaches are described with a focus on clinical relevance, while potential areas for imminent innovation in diagnosis and therapeutics are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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48
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Role of TGF-β pathway polymorphisms in sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm: rs900 TGF-β2 is a marker of differential gender susceptibility. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:165758. [PMID: 24707114 PMCID: PMC3953613 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a progressive disorder involving gradual dilation of ascending and/or descending thoracic aorta with dissection or rupture as complications. It occurs as sporadic or defined syndromes/familial forms.Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanims
of sporadic TAA forms are poorly characterized and known. Thus, our interest has been focused on investigating the role of genetic variants of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathways in TAA risk. On the other hand, no data on the role of genetic variants of TGF-β pathway in sporadic TAA exist until now. In addition, other cytokines, including IL-10, orchestrate TAA pathophysiology. Their balance determines the ultimate fate of the aortic wall as healing atherosclerosis or aneurysm formation. Thus, in this paper it was analyzed the role of ten polymorphisms of genes encoding TGF-β isoforms and receptors, and IL-10 in sporadic TAA. Our study included cases affected by sporadic TAA and two control groups. The most relevant finding obtained allows us to propose that rs900 TGF-β2 SNP is associated with sporadic TAA in women. This might open new perspectives for the analysis of sporadic TAA susceptibility factors and prevention.
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49
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Leutermann R, Sheikhzadeh S, Brockstädt L, Rybczynski M, van Rahden V, Kutsche K, von Kodolitsch Y, Rosenberger G. A 1-bp duplication in TGFB2 in three family members with a syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:944-8. [PMID: 24193348 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of autosomal dominantly inherited disorders, such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), are associated with predisposition to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAADs). In the majority of cases, mutations in genes encoding components of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, such as FBN1, TGFBR1, TGFBR2 and SMAD3, underlie the disease. Recently, a familial syndromic form of TAAD with other clinical features that overlap the MFS-LDS spectrum has been described to be caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2, encoding the TGF-β2 ligand of TGF-β serine/threonine kinase receptors (TGFBRs). We analyzed the TGFB2 gene by sequencing in a cohort of 88 individuals with a Marfan-like phenotype and/or TAAD, who did not have mutations in known genes causing thoracic aortic disease. We identified the novel heterozygous c.1165dupA mutation in exon 7 of TGFB2 in three members of a family, a 51-year-old male, his brother and nephew with aortic aneurysms, cervical arterial tortuosity and/or skeletal abnormalities as well as craniofacial dysmorphisms. The 1-bp duplication causes a frameshift leading to a stable transcript with a premature stop codon after seven TGF-β2-unrelated amino acids (p.Ser389Lysfs*8). As the resulting protein is unlikely functional and by considering data from the literature, we support the notion that functional haploinsufficiency for TGF-β2 predisposes to thoracic aortic disease. Taken together, TGFB2 is a rarely mutated gene in patients with syndromic TAAD, and the clinical features of our TGFB2 mutation-positive individuals fit in the scheme of LDS, rather than MFS-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Leutermann
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Obstetrics and Paediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Brockstädt
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Rybczynski
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa van Rahden
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Obstetrics and Paediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Obstetrics and Paediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yskert von Kodolitsch
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georg Rosenberger
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for Obstetrics and Paediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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50
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Conidi A, van den Berghe V, Huylebroeck D. Aptamers and their potential to selectively target aspects of EGF, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ-smad family signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6690-719. [PMID: 23531534 PMCID: PMC3645661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The smooth identification and low-cost production of highly specific agents that interfere with signaling cascades by targeting an active domain in surface receptors, cytoplasmic and nuclear effector proteins, remain important challenges in biomedical research. We propose that peptide aptamers can provide a very useful and new alternative for interfering with protein–protein interactions in intracellular signal transduction cascades, including those emanating from activated receptors for growth factors. By their targeting of short, linear motif type of interactions, peptide aptamers have joined nucleic acid aptamers for use in signaling studies because of their ease of production, their stability, their high specificity and affinity for individual target proteins, and their use in high-throughput screening protocols. Furthermore, they are entering clinical trials for treatment of several complex, pathological conditions. Here, we present a brief survey of the use of aptamers in signaling pathways, in particular of polypeptide growth factors, starting with the published as well as potential applications of aptamers targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signaling. We then discuss the opportunities for using aptamers in other complex pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, and focus on Transforming Growth Factor-β/Smad family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Conidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Building Ond & Nav4 p.o.box 812, room 05.313, Stem Cell Institute, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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