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Mason NR, Cahill H, Diamond Y, McCleary K, Kotecha RS, Marshall GM, Mateos MK. Down syndrome-associated leukaemias: current evidence and challenges. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241257901. [PMID: 39050114 PMCID: PMC11268035 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241257901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk of developing haematological malignancies, in particular acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The microenvironment established by abnormal haematopoiesis driven by trisomy 21 is compounded by additional genetic and epigenetic changes that can drive leukaemogenesis in patients with DS. GATA-binding protein 1 (GATA1) somatic mutations are implicated in the development of transient abnormal myelopoiesis and the progression to myeloid leukaemia of DS (ML-DS) and provide a model of the multi-step process of leukaemogenesis in DS. This review summarises key genetic drivers for the development of leukaemia in patients with DS, the biology and treatment of ML-DS and DS-associated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, late effects of treatments for DS-leukaemias and the focus for future targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R. Mason
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Hilary Cahill
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Yonatan Diamond
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen McCleary
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Leukaemia Translational Research Laboratory, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Glenn M. Marshall
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Randwick, NSW, Australia School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Marion K. Mateos
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Level 1 South Wing, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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2
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Carey-Smith SL, Simad MH, Panchal K, Aya-Bonilla C, Smolders H, Lin S, Armitage JD, Nguyen VT, Bentley K, Ford J, Singh S, Oommen J, Laurent AP, Mercher T, Crispino JD, Montgomery AP, Kassiou M, Besson T, Deau E, Meijer L, Cheung LC, Kotecha RS, Malinge S. Efficacy of DYRK1A inhibitors in novel models of Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:2309-2315. [PMID: 38426275 PMCID: PMC11215345 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Carey-Smith
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Maryam H Simad
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Kunjal Panchal
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | | | - Hannah Smolders
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Sang Lin
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | | | - Vivien T Nguyen
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Kathryn Bentley
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Jette Ford
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Sajla Singh
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | - Joyce Oommen
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA
| | | | | | - John D Crispino
- Department of Hematology, St Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | | | - Thierry Besson
- University Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000
| | | | | | - Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, Perth, WA
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, Perth, WA.
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3
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Carey-Smith SL, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC, Malinge S. Insights into the Clinical, Biological and Therapeutic Impact of Copy Number Alteration in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6815. [PMID: 38999925 PMCID: PMC11241182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Copy number alterations (CNAs), resulting from the gain or loss of genetic material from as little as 50 base pairs or as big as entire chromosome(s), have been associated with many congenital diseases, de novo syndromes and cancer. It is established that CNAs disturb the dosage of genomic regions including enhancers/promoters, long non-coding RNA and gene(s) among others, ultimately leading to an altered balance of key cellular functions. In cancer, CNAs have been associated with almost all steps of the disease: predisposition, initiation, development, maintenance, response to treatment, resistance, and relapse. Therefore, understanding how specific CNAs contribute to tumourigenesis may provide prognostic insight and ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. In this review, we provide a snapshot of what is currently known about CNAs and cancer, incorporating topics regarding their detection, clinical impact, origin, and nature, and discuss the integration of innovative genetic engineering strategies, to highlight the potential for targeting CNAs using novel, dosage-sensitive and less toxic therapies for CNA-driven cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Carey-Smith
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rishi S. Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Laurence C. Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (S.L.C.-S.); (R.S.K.); (L.C.C.)
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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4
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Barwe SP, Kolb EA, Gopalakrishnapillai A. Down syndrome and leukemia: An insight into the disease biology and current treatment options. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101154. [PMID: 38016838 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 10- to 20-fold greater predisposition to develop acute leukemia compared to the general population, with a skew towards myeloid leukemia (ML-DS). While ML-DS is known to be a subtype with good outcome, patients who relapse face a dismal prognosis. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in DS (DS-ALL) is considered to have poor prognosis. The relapse rate is high in DS-ALL compared to their non-DS counterparts. We have a better understanding about the mutational spectrum of DS leukemia. Studies using animal, embryonic stem cell- and induced pluripotent stem cell-based models have shed light on the mechanism by which these mutations contribute to disease initiation and progression. In this review, we list the currently available treatment strategies for DS-leukemias along with their outcome with emphasis on challenges with chemotherapy-related toxicities in children with DS. We focus on the mechanisms of initiation and progression of leukemia in children with DS and highlight the novel molecular targets with greater success in preclinical trials that have the potential to progress to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali P Barwe
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
| | - Anilkumar Gopalakrishnapillai
- Lisa Dean Moseley Institute for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA.
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Ming T, Yuting L, Meiling D, Shengtao C, Jihua R, Hui Z, Wanjin C, Dian L, Tingting G, Juan C, Zhenzhen Z. Chromatin binding protein HMGN1 promotes HBV cccDNA transcription and replication by regulating the phosphorylation of histone 3. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105796. [PMID: 38181856 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct elimination of cccDNA remains a formidable obstacle due to the persistent and stable presence of cccDNA in hepatocyte nuclei. The silencing of cccDNA transcription enduringly is one of alternative strategies in the treatment of hepatitis B. Protein binding to cccDNA plays an important role in its transcriptional regulation; thus, the identification of key factors involved in this process is of great importance. APPROACHES AND RESULTS In the present study, high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) was screened out based on our biotin-avidin enrichment system. First, chromatin immunoprecipitation and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays confirmed the binding of HMGN1 with cccDNA in the nucleus. Second, functional experiments in HBV-infected cells showed that the promoting effect of HMGN1 on HBV transcription and replication depended on the functional region of the nucleosomal binding domain, while transfection of the HMGN1 mutant showed no influence on HBV compared with the vector. Third, further mechanistic exploration revealed that the silencing of HMGN1 increased the level of phosphorylase CLK2 and promoted H3 phosphorylation causing the reduced accessibility of cccDNA. Moreover, silenced HMGN1 was mimicked in HBV (r) cccDNA mouse model of HBV infection in vivo. The results showed that silencing HMGN1 inhibited HBV replication in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study identified that a host protein can bind to cccDNA and promote its transcription, providing a candidate strategy for anti-HBV targeting to interfere with the transcriptional activity of cccDNA microchromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ming
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yuting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Meiling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Shengtao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren Jihua
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wanjin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Dian
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Tingting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Juan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhang Zhenzhen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
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6
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Hormann FM, Mooij EJ, van de Mheen M, Beverloo HB, den Boer ML, Boer JM. The impact of an additional copy of chromosome 21 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23217. [PMID: 38087879 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A common finding in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCPALL) is that chromosome 21 is never lost and an extra chromosome 21 is often gained. This implies an important role for chromosome 21 in the pathobiology of BCPALL, emphasized by the increased risk of BCPALL in children with Down syndrome. However, model systems of chromosome 21 gain are lacking. We therefore developed a BCPALL cell line (Nalm-6, DUX4-rearranged) with an additional chromosome 21 by means of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer. FISH, PCR, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and whole exome sequencing showed that an additional chromosome 21 was successfully transferred to the recipient cells. Transcription of some but not all genes on chromosome 21 was increased, indicating tight transcriptional regulation. Nalm-6 cells with an additional chromosome 21 proliferated slightly slower compared with parental Nalm-6 and sensitivity to induction chemotherapeutics was mildly increased. The extra copy of chromosome 21 did not confer sensitivity to targeted signaling inhibitors. In conclusion, a BCPALL cell line with an additional human chromosome 21 was developed, validated, and subjected to functional studies, which showed a minor but potentially relevant effect in vitro. This cell line offers the possibility to study further the role of chromosome 21 in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M Hormann
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva J Mooij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - H Berna Beverloo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Baruchel A, Bourquin JP, Crispino J, Cuartero S, Hasle H, Hitzler J, Klusmann JH, Izraeli S, Lane AA, Malinge S, Rabin KR, Roberts I, Ryeom S, Tasian SK, Wagenblast E. Down syndrome and leukemia: from basic mechanisms to clinical advances. Haematologica 2023; 108:2570-2581. [PMID: 37439336 PMCID: PMC10542835 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) are at a significantly higher risk of developing acute leukemia compared to the overall population. Many studies investigating the link between trisomy 21 and leukemia initiation and progression have been conducted over the last two decades. Despite improved treatment regimens and significant progress in iden - tifying genes on chromosome 21 and the mechanisms by which they drive leukemogenesis, there is still much that is unknown. A focused group of scientists and clinicians with expertise in leukemia and DS met in October 2022 at the Jérôme Lejeune Foundation in Paris, France for the 1st International Symposium on Down Syndrome and Leukemia. This meeting was held to discuss the most recent advances in treatment regimens and the biology underlying the initiation, progression, and relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in children with DS. This review provides a summary of what is known in the field, challenges in the management of DS patients with leukemia, and key questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Baruchel
- Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré (APHP and Université Paris Cité), Paris, France
| | | | - John Crispino
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sergi Cuartero
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johann Hitzler
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Shai Izraeli
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Aviv University, Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Sébastien Malinge
- Telethon Kids Institute - Cancer Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen R. Rabin
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandra Ryeom
- Department of Surgery, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah K. Tasian
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Page EC, Heatley SL, Rehn J, Thomas PQ, Yeung DT, White DL. Gain of chromosome 21 increases the propensity for P2RY8::CRLF2 acute lymphoblastic leukemia via increased HMGN1 expression. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1177871. [PMID: 37483494 PMCID: PMC10358767 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1177871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with a gain of chromosome 21, intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21), or Down syndrome (DS), have increased expression of genes in the DS critical region (DSCR) of chromosome 21, including the high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1, HMGN1. Children with DS are predisposed to develop hematologic malignancies, providing insight into the role of chromosome 21 in the development of leukemias. A 320-kb deletion in the pseudoautosomal region of the X/Y chromosome in leukemic cells, resulting in a gene fusion between the purinergic receptor and cytokine receptor-like factor-2 (P2Y Receptor Family Member 8 (P2RY8)::CRLF2), is a common feature in ~60% of DS-ALL and ~40% of iAMP21 patients, suggesting a link between chromosome 21 and P2RY8::CRLF2. In an Australian cohort of pediatric B-ALL patients with P2RY8::CRLF2 (n = 38), eight patients harbored gain of chromosome 21 (+21), and two patients had iAMP21, resulting in a significantly increased HMGN1 expression. An inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to model P2RY8::CRLF2 and investigate its cooperation with HMGN1. This model was then used to validate HMGN1 as an influencing factor for P2RY8::CRLF2 development. Using Cas9 to cleave the DNA at the pseudoautosomal region without directed repair, cells expressing HMGN1 favored repair, resulting in P2RY8::CRLF2 generation, compared with cells without HMGN1. CRISPR/Cas9 P2RY8::CRLF2 cells expressing HMGN1 exhibit increased proliferation, thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) expression, and JAK/STAT signaling, consistent with cells from patients with P2RY8::CRLF2. Our patient expression data and unique CRISPR/Cas9 modeling, when taken together, suggest that HMGN1 increases the propensity for P2RY8::CRLF2 development. This has important implications for patients with DS, +21, or iAMP21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C. Page
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering, and Technology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L. Heatley
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Rehn
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Q. Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- SA Gene Editing Program, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - David T. Yeung
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Hematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah L. White
- Blood Cancer Program, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering, and Technology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children’s Hematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Clayton, VIC, Australia
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9
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Jewett CE, McCurdy BL, O'Toole ET, Stemm-Wolf AJ, Given KS, Lin CH, Olsen V, Martin W, Reinholdt L, Espinosa JM, Sullivan KD, Macklin WB, Prekeris R, Pearson CG. Trisomy 21 induces pericentrosomal crowding delaying primary ciliogenesis and mouse cerebellar development. eLife 2023; 12:e78202. [PMID: 36656118 PMCID: PMC9851619 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, disrupts primary cilia formation and function, in part through elevated Pericentrin, a centrosome protein encoded on chromosome 21. Yet how trisomy 21 and elevated Pericentrin disrupt cilia-related molecules and pathways, and the in vivo phenotypic relevance remain unclear. Utilizing ciliogenesis time course experiments combined with light microscopy and electron tomography, we reveal that chromosome 21 polyploidy elevates Pericentrin and microtubules away from the centrosome that corral MyosinVA and EHD1, delaying ciliary membrane delivery and mother centriole uncapping essential for ciliogenesis. If given enough time, trisomy 21 cells eventually ciliate, but these ciliated cells demonstrate persistent trafficking defects that reduce transition zone protein localization and decrease sonic hedgehog signaling in direct anticorrelation with Pericentrin levels. Consistent with cultured trisomy 21 cells, a mouse model of Down syndrome with elevated Pericentrin has fewer primary cilia in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors and thinner external granular layers at P4. Our work reveals that elevated Pericentrin from trisomy 21 disrupts multiple early steps of ciliogenesis and creates persistent trafficking defects in ciliated cells. This pericentrosomal crowding mechanism results in signaling deficiencies consistent with the neurological phenotypes found in individuals with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla E Jewett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Bailey L McCurdy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado BoulderBoulderUnited States
| | - Alexander J Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Katherine S Given
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Carrie H Lin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Valerie Olsen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | | | | | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Wendy B Macklin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
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10
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Hormann FM, Hoogkamer AQ, Boeree A, Sonneveld E, Escherich G, den Boer ML, Boer JM. Integrating copy number data of 64 iAMP21 BCP-ALL patients narrows the common region of amplification to 1.57 Mb. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128560. [PMID: 36910655 PMCID: PMC9996016 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) is a rare subtype of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL). It is unknown how iAMP21 contributes to leukaemia. The currently known commonly amplified region is 5.1 Mb. Methods We aimed to narrow down the common region of amplification by using high resolution techniques. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was used to determine copy number aberrations, Affymetrix U133 Plus2 expression arrays were used to determine gene expression. Genome-wide expression correlations were evaluated using Globaltest. Results We narrowed down the common region of amplification by combining copy number data from 12 iAMP21 cases with 52 cases from literature. The combined common region of amplification was 1.57 Mb, located from 36.07 to 37.64 Mb (GRCh38). This region is located telomeric from, but not including, RUNX1, which is the locus commonly used to diagnose iAMP21. This narrow region, which falls inside the Down Syndrome critical region, includes 13 genes of which the expression of eight genes was significantly upregulated compared with 143 non-iAMP21 B-other cases. Among these, transcriptional repressor RIPPLY3 (also known as DSCR6) was the highest overexpressed gene (fold change = 4.2, FDR < 0.001) and most strongly correlated (R = 0.58) with iAMP21-related genome-wide expression changes. Discussion The more precise definition of the common region of amplification could be beneficial in the diagnosis of iAMP21 based on copy number analysis from DNA sequencing or arrays as well as stimulate functional research into the role of the included genes in iAMP21 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke M Hormann
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center (MC) - Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex Q Hoogkamer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Boeree
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Sonneveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gabriele Escherich
- Cooperative study group for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (COALL) - German Cooperative Study Group for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Erasmus Medical Center (MC) - Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Dutch Childhood Oncology Group, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith M Boer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Liu Z, Wan R, Bai H, Wang J. Damage-associated molecular patterns and sensing receptors based molecular subtypes in malignant pleural mesothelioma and implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104560. [PMID: 37033966 PMCID: PMC10079989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized as an incredibly aggressive form of cancer with a dismal diagnosis and a dearth of specific biomarkers and therapeutic options. For MPM patients, the effectiveness of immunotherapy may be influenced by damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD).The objective of this work is to create a molecular profile associated with DAMPs to categorize MPM patients and predict their prognosis and response to immunotherapy. Methods The RNA-seq of 397 patients (263 patients with clinical data, 57.2% male, 73.0% over 60 yrs.) were gathered from eight public datasets as a training cohort to identify the DAMPs-associated subgroups of MPMs using K-means analysis. Three validation cohorts of patients or murine were established from TCGA and GEO databases. Comparisons were made across each subtype's immune status, gene mutations, survival prognosis, and predicted response to therapy. Results Based on the DAMPs gene expression, MPMs were categorized into two subtypes: the nuclear DAMPs subtype, which is classified by the upregulation of immune-suppressed pathways, and the inflammatory DAMPs subtype, which is distinguished by the enrichment of proinflammatory cytokine signaling. The inflammatory DAMPs subgroup had a better prognosis, while the nuclear DAMPs subgroup exhibited a worse outcome. In validation cohorts, the subtyping system was effectively verified. We further identified the genetic differences between the two DAMPs subtypes. It was projected that the inflammatory DAMPs subtype will respond to immunotherapy more favorably, suggesting that the developed clustering method may be implemented to predict the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Conclusion We constructed a subtyping model based on ICD-associated DAMPs in MPM, which might serve as a signature to gauge the outcomes of immune checkpoint blockades. Our research may aid in the development of innovative immunomodulators as well as the advancement of precision immunotherapy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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Roberts I. Leukemogenesis in infants and young children with trisomy 21. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2022; 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36485097 PMCID: PMC9820574 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2022000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a greater than 100-fold increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (ML) and an approximately 30-fold increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before their fifth birthday. ML-DS originates in utero and typically presents with a self-limiting, neonatal leukemic syndrome known as transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) that is caused by cooperation between trisomy 21-associated abnormalities of fetal hematopoiesis and somatic N-terminal mutations in the transcription factor GATA1. Around 10% of neonates with DS have clinical signs of TAM, although the frequency of hematologically silent GATA1 mutations in DS neonates is much higher (~25%). While most cases of TAM/silent TAM resolve without treatment within 3 to 4 months, in 10% to 20% of cases transformation to full-blown leukemia occurs within the first 4 years of life when cells harboring GATA1 mutations persist and acquire secondary mutations, most often in cohesin genes. By contrast, DS-ALL, which is almost always B-lineage, presents after the first few months of life and is characterized by a high frequency of rearrangement of the CRLF2 gene (60%), often co-occurring with activating mutations in JAK2 or RAS genes. While treatment of ML-DS achieves long-term survival in approximately 90% of children, the outcome of DS-ALL is inferior to ALL in children without DS. Ongoing studies in primary cells and model systems indicate that the role of trisomy 21 in DS leukemogenesis is complex and cell context dependent but show promise in improving management and the treatment of relapse, in which the outcome of both ML-DS and DS-ALL remains poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Roberts
- Correspondence Irene Roberts, Department of Paediatrics, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom; e-mail: ,
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13
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Farley SJ, Grishok A, Zeldich E. Shaking up the silence: consequences of HMGN1 antagonizing PRC2 in the Down syndrome brain. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 36463299 PMCID: PMC9719135 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is a well-known hallmark of Down Syndrome (DS) that results from the triplication of the critical region of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). Major studies were conducted in recent years to gain an understanding about the contribution of individual triplicated genes to DS-related brain pathology. Global transcriptomic alterations and widespread changes in the establishment of neural lineages, as well as their differentiation and functional maturity, suggest genome-wide chromatin organization alterations in trisomy. High Mobility Group Nucleosome Binding Domain 1 (HMGN1), expressed from HSA21, is a chromatin remodeling protein that facilitates chromatin decompaction and is associated with acetylated lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac), a mark correlated with active transcription. Recent studies causatively linked overexpression of HMGN1 in trisomy and the development of DS-associated B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). HMGN1 has been shown to antagonize the activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and prevent the deposition of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation mark (H3K27me3), which is associated with transcriptional repression and gene silencing. However, the possible ramifications of the increased levels of HMGN1 through the derepression of PRC2 target genes on brain cell pathology have not gained attention. In this review, we discuss the functional significance of HMGN1 in brain development and summarize accumulating reports about the essential role of PRC2 in the development of the neural system. Mechanistic understanding of how overexpression of HMGN1 may contribute to aberrant brain cell phenotypes in DS, such as altered proliferation of neural progenitors, abnormal cortical architecture, diminished myelination, neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease-related pathology in trisomy 21, will facilitate the development of DS therapeutic approaches targeting chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Farley
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Alla Grishok
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Department of Biochemistry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ,grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Boston University Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Krivega M, Stiefel CM, Storchova Z. Consequences of chromosome gain: A new view on trisomy syndromes. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:2126-2140. [PMID: 36459979 PMCID: PMC9808507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome gains are detrimental for the development of the human embryo. As such, autosomal trisomies almost always result in spontaneous abortion, and the rare embryos surviving until live birth suffer from a plethora of pathological defects. There is no treatment currently available to ameliorate the consequences of trisomies, such as Down syndrome (trisomy of chromosome 21). Identifying the source of the phenotypes observed in cells with extra chromosomes is crucial for understanding the underlying molecular causes of trisomy syndromes. Although increased expression of the genes localized on the extra chromosome triggers several pathological phenotypes, an alternative model suggests that global, aneuploidy-associated changes in cellular physiology also contribute to the pathology. Here, we compare the molecular consequences of trisomy syndromes in vivo against engineered cell lines carrying various chromosome gains in vitro. We point out several phenotypes that are shared by variable trisomies and, therefore, might be caused by the presence of an extra chromosome per se, independent of its identity. This alternative view may provide useful insights for understanding Down syndrome pathology and open additional opportunities for diagnostics and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Krivega
- Reproduction Genetics, Department of Endocrinology and Infertility Disorders, Women Hospital, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding author
| | - Clara M. Stiefel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Zuzana Storchova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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15
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Sharma V, Nehra S, Do LH, Ghosh A, Deshpande AJ, Singhal N. Biphasic cell cycle defect causes impaired neurogenesis in down syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:1007519. [PMID: 36313423 PMCID: PMC9596798 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1007519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired neurogenesis in Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by reduced neurons, increased glial cells, and delayed cortical lamination. However, the underlying cause for impaired neurogenesis in DS is not clear. Using both human and mouse iPSCs, we demonstrate that DS impaired neurogenesis is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the generation of neural progenitors from iPSCs named the “neurogenic stage” of neurogenesis. Upon neural induction, DS cells showed reduced proliferation during the early phase followed by increased proliferation in the late phase of the neurogenic stage compared to control cells. While reduced proliferation in the early phase causes reduced neural progenitor pool, increased proliferation in the late phase leads to delayed post mitotic neuron generation in DS. RNAseq analysis of late-phase DS progenitor cells revealed upregulation of S phase-promoting regulators, Notch, Wnt, Interferon pathways, and REST, and downregulation of several genes of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex. NFIB and POU3F4, neurogenic genes activated by the interaction of PAX6 and the BAF complex, were downregulated in DS cells. ChIPseq analysis of late-phase neural progenitors revealed aberrant PAX6 binding with reduced promoter occupancy in DS cells. Together, these data indicate that impaired neurogenesis in DS is due to biphasic cell cycle dysregulation during the neurogenic stage of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Long H. Do
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anwesha Ghosh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Nishant Singhal
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
- *Correspondence: Nishant Singhal,
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16
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Critical Roles of Polycomb Repressive Complexes in Transcription and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179574. [PMID: 36076977 PMCID: PMC9455514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomp group (PcG) proteins are members of highly conserved multiprotein complexes, recognized as gene transcriptional repressors during development and shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological processes. PcG proteins consist of two Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) with different enzymatic activities: Polycomb repressive complexes 1 (PRC1), a ubiquitin ligase, and Polycomb repressive complexes 2 (PRC2), a histone methyltransferase. Traditionally, PRCs have been described to be associated with transcriptional repression of homeotic genes, as well as gene transcription activating effects. Particularly in cancer, PRCs have been found to misregulate gene expression, not only depending on the function of the whole PRCs, but also through their separate subunits. In this review, we focused especially on the recent findings in the transcriptional regulation of PRCs, the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of PcG proteins, and the research progress of inhibitors targeting PRCs.
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17
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Li S, Sok P, Xu K, Muskens IS, Elliott N, Myint SS, Pandey P, Hansen HM, Morimoto LM, Kang AY, Metayer C, Ma X, Mueller BA, Roy A, Roberts I, Rabin KR, Brown AL, Lupo PJ, Wiemels JL, de Smith AJ. Epigenome-wide association study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Blood Adv 2022; 6:4132-4136. [PMID: 35588500 PMCID: PMC9327551 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pagna Sok
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Keren Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ivo S. Muskens
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Priyatama Pandey
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Libby M. Morimoto
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Alice Y. Kang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Beth A. Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; and
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Karen R. Rabin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Austin L. Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Philip J. Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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18
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HMGN4 plays a key role in STAT3-mediate oncogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:874-884. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
High-mobility group nucleosome-binding domain 4 (HMGN4) exerts biological functions by regulating gene transcription through binding with nucleosome. As a new epigenetic regulator discovered in 2001, its biological functions have not been clarified. HMGN4 belongs to HMGNs family, in which HMGN1, 2, and 5 have been reported to play roles in oncogenesis of various cancers. However, it is reported that HMGN4 was associated with thyroid and liver cancer. In this study, we discovered for the first time that HMGN4 was highly expressed in human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), based on the analysis of the TCGA database. Moreover, we found that HMGN4 controlled the proliferation of human TNBC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the positive correlation occurred between HMGN4 and STAT3 downstream genes while HMGN4 played an indispensable role in constitutively active STAT3 (STAT3C) induced colony formation. Interestingly, we reported that STAT3 regulated HMGN4 transcription as its transcriptional factor by ChIP and HMGN4 promoter-luc assays. That is to say, there is a feed-forward signaling circuit between HMGN4 and STAT3, which might control TNBC cell growth. Finally, we proved that the interference of HMGN4 by nanovehicle-packaged siRNA may be a potentially effective approach in TNBC treatment. In summary, our findings not only identified a novel regulator in TNBC cell proliferation but also revealed the mechanism by which HMGN4 acted as a downstream gene of STAT3 to participate in the STAT3 pathway, which indicated that HMGN4 was likely to be a potential novel target for anti-TNBC therapy.
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19
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Xu K, Li S, Muskens IS, Elliott N, Myint SS, Pandey P, Hansen HM, Morimoto LM, Kang AY, Ma X, Metayer C, Mueller BA, Roberts I, Walsh K, Horvath S, Wiemels JL, de Smith AJ. Accelerated epigenetic aging in newborns with Down syndrome. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13652. [PMID: 35661546 PMCID: PMC9282838 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated aging is a hallmark of Down syndrome (DS), with adults experiencing early-onset Alzheimer's disease and premature aging of the skin, hair, and immune and endocrine systems. Accelerated epigenetic aging has been found in the blood and brain tissue of adults with DS but when premature aging in DS begins remains unknown. We investigated whether accelerated aging in DS is already detectable in blood at birth. We assessed the association between age acceleration and DS using five epigenetic clocks in 346 newborns with DS and 567 newborns without DS using Illumina MethylationEPIC DNA methylation array data. We compared two epigenetic aging clocks (DNAmSkinBloodClock and pan-tissue DNAmAge) and three epigenetic gestational age clocks (Haftorn, Knight, and Bohlin) between DS and non-DS newborns using linear regression adjusting for observed age, sex, batch, deconvoluted blood cell proportions, and genetic ancestry. Targeted sequencing of GATA1 was performed in a subset of 184 newborns with DS to identify somatic mutations associated with transient abnormal myelopoiesis. DS was significantly associated with increased DNAmSkinBloodClock (effect estimate = 0.2442, p < 0.0001), with an epigenetic age acceleration of 244 days in newborns with DS after adjusting for potential confounding factors (95% confidence interval: 196-292 days). We also found evidence of epigenetic age acceleration associated with somatic GATA1 mutations among newborns with DS (p = 0.015). DS was not associated with epigenetic gestational age acceleration. We demonstrate that accelerated epigenetic aging in the blood of DS patients begins prenatally, with implications for the pathophysiology of immunosenescence and other aging-related traits in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ivo S. Muskens
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Natalina Elliott
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical CentreOxfordUK
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Priyatama Pandey
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- Department of Neurological SurgeryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Libby M. Morimoto
- School of Public HealthUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alice Y. Kang
- School of Public HealthUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public HealthUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Beth A. Mueller
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineOxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical CentreOxfordUK
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Department of NeurosurgeryDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human GeneticsDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam J. de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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20
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McCurdy BL, Jewett CE, Stemm-Wolf AJ, Duc HN, Joshi M, Espinosa JM, Prekeris R, Pearson CG. Trisomy 21 increases microtubules and disrupts centriolar satellite localization. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br11. [PMID: 35476505 PMCID: PMC9635274 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-10-0517-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 21, the source of Down syndrome, causes a 0.5-fold protein increase of the chromosome 21-resident gene Pericentrin (PCNT) and reduces primary cilia formation and signaling. We investigate how PCNT imbalances disrupt cilia. Using isogenic RPE-1 cells with increased chromosome 21 dosage, we find PCNT accumulates around the centrosome as a cluster of enlarged cytoplasmic puncta that localize along microtubules (MTs) and at MT ends. Cytoplasmic PCNT puncta impact the density, stability, and localization of the MT trafficking network required for primary cilia. The PCNT puncta appear to sequester cargo peripheral to centrosomes in what we call pericentrosomal crowding. The centriolar satellite proteins PCM1, CEP131, and CEP290, important for ciliogenesis, accumulate at enlarged PCNT puncta in trisomy 21 cells. Reducing PCNT when chromosome 21 ploidy is elevated is sufficient to decrease PCNT puncta and pericentrosomal crowding, reestablish a normal density of MTs around the centrosome, and restore ciliogenesis to wild-type levels. A transient reduction in MTs also decreases pericentrosomal crowding and partially rescues ciliogenesis in trisomy 21 cells, indicating that increased PCNT leads to defects in the MT network deleterious to normal centriolar satellite distribution. We propose that chromosome 21 aneuploidy disrupts MT-dependent intracellular trafficking required for primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey L. McCurdy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Cayla E. Jewett
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Alexander J. Stemm-Wolf
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Huy Nguyen Duc
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Rytis Prekeris
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
| | - Chad G. Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045-2537
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21
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Behluli E, Nuhii N, Liehr T, Temaj G. Suspicions regarding the genetic inheritance of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with down syndrome. JOURNAL OF MOTHER AND CHILD 2022; 26:104-110. [PMID: 35853737 PMCID: PMC10032328 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at markedly increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). DS is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 affecting approximately 1 in 732 newborns in the USA. ALL is the most common cancer in children and constitutes approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children under the age of 15. Different protocols for treatment and management of paediatric ALL are available; however, DS children with ALL (DS-ALL) have increased risk of therapy-related toxicity compared to those without DS. Herein, we summarize the available literature on inherited predisposition for ALL, and possibilities for molecular therapy and treatment for DS-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Behluli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nexhibe Nuhii
- State University of Tetovo, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Tetovo, North Macedonia
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Gazmend Temaj
- Human Genetics, College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy Prishtina, Kosovo
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22
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CRLF2 overexpression results in reduced B cell differentiation and upregulated E2F signaling in the Dp16 mouse model of Down syndrome. Exp Hematol 2022; 110:34-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Zhang S, Postnikov Y, Lobanov A, Furusawa T, Deng T, Bustin M. H3K27ac nucleosomes facilitate HMGN localization at regulatory sites to modulate chromatin binding of transcription factors. Commun Biol 2022; 5:159. [PMID: 35197580 PMCID: PMC8866397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosomes containing acetylated H3K27 are a major epigenetic mark of active chromatin and identify cell-type specific chromatin regulatory regions which serve as binding sites for transcription factors. Here we show that the ubiquitous nucleosome binding proteins HMGN1 and HMGN2 bind preferentially to H3K27ac nucleosomes at cell-type specific chromatin regulatory regions. HMGNs bind directly to the acetylated nucleosome; the H3K27ac residue and linker DNA facilitate the preferential binding of HMGNs to the modified nucleosomes. Loss of HMGNs increases the levels of H3K27me3 and the histone H1 occupancy at enhancers and promoters and alters the interaction of transcription factors with chromatin. These experiments indicate that the H3K27ac epigenetic mark enhances the interaction of architectural protein with chromatin regulatory sites and identify determinants that facilitate the localization of HMGN proteins at regulatory sites to modulate cell-type specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Zhang
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri Postnikov
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Maryland, MD, USA
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA
- Cell Translation Laboratory, NCATS, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Maryland, USA.
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24
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Page EC, Heatley SL, Eadie LN, McClure BJ, de Bock CE, Omari S, Yeung DT, Hughes TP, Thomas PQ, White DL. HMGN1 plays a significant role in CRLF2 driven Down Syndrome leukemia and provides a potential therapeutic target in this high-risk cohort. Oncogene 2022; 41:797-808. [PMID: 34857887 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of the predisposition for Down Syndrome (DS) patients to develop cytokine receptor-like factor 2 rearranged (CRLF2r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is currently unknown. Genes located on chromosome 21 and expressed in hematopoietic cells are likely candidates for investigation of CRLF2r DS-ALL pathogenesis. We explored the high-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1), located in the DS critical region, in an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (KO) xenograft model to assess the effect of HMGN1 loss of function on the leukemic burden. We demonstrated HMGN1 KO-mitigated leukemic phenotypes including hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, commonly observed in leukemia patients, and significantly increased survival in vivo. HMGN1 overexpression in murine stem cells and Ba/F3 cells in vitro, in combination with P2RY8-CRLF2, resulted in cytokine-independent transformation and upregulation of cell signaling pathways associated with leukemic development. Finally, in vitro screening demonstrated successful targeting of P2RY8-CRLF2 and HMGN1 co-expressing cell lines and patient samples with fedratinib (JAK2 inhibitor), and GSK-J4 (demethylase inhibitor) in combination. Together, these data provide critical insight into the development and persistence of CRLF2r DS-ALL and identify HMGN1 as a potential therapeutic target to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity in this high-risk cohort of young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C Page
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Susan L Heatley
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura N Eadie
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Barbara J McClure
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charles E de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sofia Omari
- Children's Cancer Institute, UNSW Sydney, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David T Yeung
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy P Hughes
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Q Thomas
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Gene Editing Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Deborah L White
- Cancer Program, Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
- Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group (ANZCHOG), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Australian Genomic Health Alliance (AGHA), Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Meharena HS, Marco A, Dileep V, Lockshin ER, Akatsu GY, Mullahoo J, Watson LA, Ko T, Guerin LN, Abdurob F, Rengarajan S, Papanastasiou M, Jaffe JD, Tsai LH. Down-syndrome-induced senescence disrupts the nuclear architecture of neural progenitors. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:116-130.e7. [PMID: 34995493 PMCID: PMC8805993 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder driven by the triplication of chromosome 21 (T21) and characterized by a wide range of neurodevelopmental and physical disabilities. Transcriptomic analysis of tissue samples from individuals with DS has revealed that T21 induces a genome-wide transcriptional disruption. However, the consequences of T21 on the nuclear architecture and its interplay with the transcriptome remain unknown. In this study, we find that unlike human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) exhibit genome-wide "chromosomal introversion," disruption of lamina-associated domains, and global chromatin accessibility changes in response to T21, consistent with the transcriptional and nuclear architecture changes characteristic of senescent cells. Treatment of T21-harboring NPCs with senolytic drugs alleviates the transcriptional, molecular, and cellular dysfunctions associated with DS. Our findings provide a mechanistic link between T21 and global transcriptional disruption and indicate that senescence-associated phenotypes may play a key role in the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiruy S. Meharena
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Correspondence: Hiruy Meharena (), Li-Huei Tsai () – Lead Contact
| | - Asaf Marco
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elana R. Lockshin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Grace Y. Akatsu
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - James Mullahoo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - L. Ashley Watson
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tak Ko
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Guerin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fatema Abdurob
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shruthi Rengarajan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jacob D. Jaffe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Correspondence: Hiruy Meharena (), Li-Huei Tsai () – Lead Contact
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26
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Abstract
Aneuploidy, a genomic alternation characterized by deviations in the copy number of chromosomes, affects organisms from early development through to aging. Although it is a main cause of human pregnancy loss and a hallmark of cancer, how aneuploidy affects cellular function has been elusive. The last two decades have seen rapid advances in the understanding of the causes and consequences of aneuploidy at the molecular and cellular levels. These studies have uncovered effects of aneuploidy that can be beneficial or detrimental to cells and organisms in an environmental context-dependent and karyotype-dependent manner. Aneuploidy also imposes general stress on cells that stems from an imbalanced genome and, consequently, also an imbalanced proteome. These insights provide the fundamental framework for understanding the impact of aneuploidy in genome evolution, human pathogenesis and drug resistance.
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27
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Spatial and Temporal Expression of High-Mobility-Group Nucleosome-Binding (HMGN) Genes in Brain Areas Associated with Cognition in Individuals with Down Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122000. [PMID: 34946949 PMCID: PMC8700945 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications are epigenetics processes that contribute to neurophenotype of Down Syndrome (DS). Previous reports present strong evidence that nonhistone high-mobility-group N proteins (HMGN) are epigenetic regulators. They play important functions in various process to maintain homeostasis in the brain. We aimed to analyze the differential expression of five human HMGN genes in some brain structures and age ranks from DS postmortem brain samples. Methodology: We performed a computational analysis of the expression of human HMGN from the data of a DNA microarray experiment (GEO database ID GSE59630). Using the transformed log2 data, we analyzed the differential expression of five HMGN genes in several brain areas associated with cognition in patients with DS. Moreover, using information from different genome databases, we explored the co-expression and protein interactions of HMNGs with the histones of nucleosome core particle and linker H1 histone. Results: We registered that HMGN1 and HMGN5 were significantly overexpressed in the hippocampus and areas of prefrontal cortex including DFC, OFC, and VFC of DS patients. Age-rank comparisons between euploid control and DS individuals showed that HMGN2 and HMGN4 were overexpressed in the DS brain at 16 to 22 gestation weeks. From the BioGRID database, we registered high interaction scores of HMGN2 and HMGN4 with Hist1H1A and Hist1H3A. Conclusions: Overall, our results give strong evidence to propose that DS would be an epigenetics-based aneuploidy. Remodeling brain chromatin by HMGN1 and HMGN5 would be an essential pathway in the modification of brain homeostasis in DS.
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28
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Salemi M, Cannarella R, Marchese G, Salluzzo MG, Ravo M, Barone C, Giudice ML, Calogero AE, Romano C. Role of long non-coding RNAs in Down syndrome patients: a transcriptome analysis study. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1662-1670. [PMID: 34510387 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is defined by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. Several comorbidities can be found in these patients, such as intellectual disability (ID), muscle weakness, hypotonia, congenital heart disease, and autoimmune diseases. The molecular mechanisms playing a role in the development of such comorbidities are still unclear. The regulation and expression of genes that map to chromosome 21 are dynamic and complex, so it is important to perform global gene expression studies with high statistical power to fully characterize the transcriptome in DS patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate mRNAs and lncRNA expression in patients with DS versus a matched cohort of healthy subjects. RNA sequencing was used to perform this transcriptome study. Differential expression analysis revealed 967 transcripts with padj ≤ 0.05. Among them, 447 transcripts were differentially expressed in patients with DS compared to controls. Particularly, 203 transcripts were down expressed (151 protein-coding mRNAs, 45 lncRNAs, 1 microRNA, 1 mitochondrial tRNA, 1 ribozyme, and 1 small nuclear RNA) and 244 were over expressed (210 protein-coding mRNAs and 34 lncRNAs). Interestingly, deregulated lncRNAs are involved in pathways that play a role in developmental disorders, neurological diseases, DNA replication and repair mechanisms, and cancer development in DS patients. In conclusion, these results suggest a role of lncRNAs in the phenotype of DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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29
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Copy Number Changes and Allele Distribution Patterns of Chromosome 21 in B Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184597. [PMID: 34572826 PMCID: PMC8465600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 21 is the most affected chromosome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Many of its numerical and structural abnormalities define diagnostically and clinically important subgroups. To obtain an overview about their types and their approximate genetic subgroup-specific incidence and distribution, we performed cytogenetic, FISH and array analyses in a total of 578 ALL patients (including 26 with a constitutional trisomy 21). The latter is the preferred method to assess genome-wide large and fine-scale copy number abnormalities (CNA) together with their corresponding allele distribution patterns. We identified a total of 258 cases (49%) with chromosome 21-associated CNA, a number that is perhaps lower-than-expected because ETV6-RUNX1-positive cases (11%) were significantly underrepresented in this array-analyzed cohort. Our most interesting observations relate to hyperdiploid leukemias with tetra- and pentasomies of chromosome 21 that develop in constitutionally trisomic patients. Utilizing comparative short tandem repeat analyses, we were able to prove that switches in the array-derived allele patterns are in fact meiotic recombination sites, which only become evident in patients with inborn trisomies that result from a meiosis 1 error. The detailed analysis of such cases may eventually provide important clues about the respective maldistribution mechanisms and the operative relevance of chromosome 21-specific regions in hyperdiploid leukemias.
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30
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Yuan J, Jiang Q, Gong T, Fan D, Zhang J, Chen F, Zhu X, Wang X, Qiao Y, Chen H, Liu Z, Su J. Loss of grand histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation domains mediated transcriptional activation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:65. [PMID: 34381055 PMCID: PMC8358006 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) may be recruited by repressive Polycomb complexes to mediate gene silencing, which is critical for maintaining embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. However, the roles of aberrant H3K27me3 patterns in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Here, we discovered that grand silencer domains (breadth > 50 kb) for H3K27me3 were significantly associated with epithelial cell differentiation and exhibited high gene essentiality and conservation in human esophageal epithelial cells. These grand H3K27me3 domains exhibited high modification signals involved in gene silencing, and preferentially occupied the entirety of topologically associating domains and interact with each other. We found that widespread loss of the grand H3K27me3 domains in of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) were enriched in genes involved in epithelium and endothelium differentiation, which were significantly associated with overexpression with increase of active modifications of H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K27ac marks, as well as DNA hypermethylation in the gene bodies. A total of 208 activated genes with loss of grand H3K27me3 domains in ESCC were identified, where the higher expression and mutation of T-box transcription factor 20 (TBX20) were associated with worse patients’ outcomes. Our results showed that knockdown of TBX20 may have led to a striking defect in esophageal cancer cell growth and carcinogenesis-related pathway, including cell cycle and homologous recombination. Together, our results reveal that loss of grand H3K27me3 domains represent a catalog of remarkable activating regulators involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Dandan Fan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fukun Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Qiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jianzhong Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Institute of Biomedical Big Data, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. .,Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou, China.
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31
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Abstract
An abnormal number of chromosomes or aneuploidy accounts for most spontaneous abortions, as missegregation of a single chromosome during development is often lethal. Only individuals with trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome, can live to adulthood but show cognitive disabilities, increased risk for leukemias, autoimmune disorders, and clinical symptoms associated with premature aging. The mechanisms by which aneuploidy affects cellular function to cause Down syndrome are not understood. Our studies revealed that aneuploidy causes several defects in cells from individuals with Down syndrome. These include increased gene and protein expression, lower viability, and increased dependency on serine to proliferate. Our studies establish a critical role of aneuploidy, independent of triplicated gene identity, in driving cellular defects associated with trisomy 21. An extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome, the most common genetic disease in humans. The mechanisms contributing to aneuploidy-related pathologies in this syndrome, independent of the identity of the triplicated genes, are not well defined. To characterize aneuploidy-driven phenotypes in trisomy 21 cells, we performed global transcriptome, proteome, and phenotypic analyses of primary human fibroblasts from individuals with Patau (trisomy 13), Edwards (trisomy 18), or Down syndromes. On average, mRNA and protein levels were increased by 1.5-fold in all trisomies, with a subset of proteins enriched for subunits of macromolecular complexes showing signs of posttranscriptional regulation. These results support the lack of evidence for widespread dosage compensation or dysregulation of chromosomal domains in human autosomes. Furthermore, we show that several aneuploidy-associated phenotypes are present in trisomy 21 cells, including lower viability and increased dependency on serine-driven lipid synthesis. Our studies establish a critical role of aneuploidy, independent of triplicated gene identity, in driving cellular defects associated with trisomy 21.
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32
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Wang X, Frederick J, Wang H, Hui S, Backman V, Ji Z. Spike-in normalization for single-cell RNA-seq reveals dynamic global transcriptional activity mediating anticancer drug response. NAR Genom Bioinform 2021; 3:lqab054. [PMID: 34159316 PMCID: PMC8210883 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional plasticity of cancer cells promotes intercellular heterogeneity in response to anticancer drugs and facilitates the generation of subpopulation surviving cells. Characterizing single-cell transcriptional heterogeneity after drug treatments can provide mechanistic insights into drug efficacy. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to examine transcriptomic profiles of cancer cells treated with paclitaxel, celecoxib and the combination of the two drugs. By normalizing the expression of endogenous genes to spike-in molecules, we found that cellular mRNA abundance shows dynamic regulation after drug treatment. Using a random forest model, we identified gene signatures classifying single cells into three states: transcriptional repression, amplification and control-like. Treatment with paclitaxel or celecoxib alone generally repressed gene transcription across single cells. Interestingly, the drug combination resulted in transcriptional amplification and hyperactivation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway linking to enhanced cell killing efficiency. Finally, we identified a regulatory module enriched with metabolism and inflammation-related genes activated in a subpopulation of paclitaxel-treated cells, the expression of which predicted paclitaxel efficacy across cancer cell lines and in vivo patient samples. Our study highlights the dynamic global transcriptional activity driving single-cell heterogeneity during drug response and emphasizes the importance of adding spike-in molecules to study gene expression regulation using single-cell RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jane Frederick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim Backman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60628, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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33
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Lunazzi G, Buxadé M, Riera-Borrull M, Higuera L, Bonnin S, Huerga Encabo H, Gaggero S, Reyes-Garau D, Company C, Cozzuto L, Ponomarenko J, Aramburu J, López-Rodríguez C. NFAT5 Amplifies Antipathogen Responses by Enhancing Chromatin Accessibility, H3K27 Demethylation, and Transcription Factor Recruitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2652-2667. [PMID: 34031145 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of innate immune cells to respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns across a wide range of intensities is fundamental to limit the spreading of infections. Studies on transcription responses to pathogen-activated TLRs have often used relatively high TLR ligand concentrations, and less is known about their regulation under mild stimulatory conditions. We had shown that the transcription factor NFAT5 facilitates expression of antipathogen genes under TLR stimulation conditions corresponding to low pathogen loads. In this study, we analyze how NFAT5 optimizes TLR-activated responses in mouse macrophages. We show that NFAT5 was required for effective recruitment of central effectors p65/NF-κB and c-Fos to specific proinflammatory target genes, such as Nos2, Il6, and Tnf in primary macrophages responding to low doses of the TLR4 ligand LPS. By contrast, NFAT5 was not required for p65/NF-κB recruitment in response to high LPS doses. Using the transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing assay, we show that NFAT5 facilitated chromatin accessibility mainly at promoter regions of multiple TLR4-responsive genes. Analysis of various histone marks that regulate gene expression in response to pathogens identified H3K27me3 demethylation as an early NFAT5-dependent mechanism that facilitates p65 recruitment to promoters of various TLR4-induced genes. Altogether, these results advance our understanding about specific mechanisms that optimize antipathogen responses to limit infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lunazzi
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Buxadé
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Higuera
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hector Huerga Encabo
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Gaggero
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Reyes-Garau
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Julia Ponomarenko
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; and.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Aramburu
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina López-Rodríguez
- Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain;
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Abstract
Children show a higher incidence of leukaemia compared with young adolescents, yet their cells are less damaged because of their young age. Children with Down syndrome (DS) have an even higher risk of developing leukaemia during the first years of life. The presence of a constitutive trisomy of chromosome 21 (T21) in DS acts as a genetic driver for leukaemia development, however, additional oncogenic mutations are required. Therefore, T21 provides the opportunity to better understand leukaemogenesis in children. Here, we describe the increased risk of leukaemia in DS during childhood from a somatic evolutionary view. According to this idea, cancer is caused by a variation in inheritable phenotypes within cell populations that are subjected to selective forces within the tissue context. We propose a model in which the increased risk of leukaemia in DS children derives from higher rates of mutation accumulation, already present during fetal development, which is further enhanced by changes in selection dynamics within the fetal liver niche. This model could possibly be used to understand the rate-limiting steps of leukaemogenesis early in life.
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Narkar A, Johnson BA, Bharne P, Zhu J, Padmanaban V, Biswas D, Fraser A, Iglesias PA, Ewald AJ, Li R. On the role of p53 in the cellular response to aneuploidy. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108892. [PMID: 33761356 PMCID: PMC8051136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors are aneuploid, and p53 has been implicated as the guardian of the euploid genome. Previous experiments using human cell lines showed that aneuploidy induction leads to p53 accumulation and p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest. We find that adherent 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of human immortalized or cancer cell lines activate p53 upon aneuploidy induction, whereas suspension cultures of a human lymphoid cell line undergo a p53-independent cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, 3D human and mouse organotypic cultures from neural, intestinal, or mammary epithelial tissues do not activate p53 or arrest in G1 following aneuploidy induction. p53-deficient colon organoids have increased aneuploidy and frequent lagging chromosomes and multipolar spindles during mitosis. These data suggest that p53 may not act as a universal surveillance factor restricting the proliferation of aneuploid cells but instead helps directly or indirectly ensure faithful chromosome transmission likely by preventing polyploidization and influencing spindle mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pandurang Bharne
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew Fraser
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Laufer BI, Gomez JA, Jianu JM, LaSalle JM. Stable DNMT3L overexpression in SH-SY5Y neurons recreates a facet of the genome-wide Down syndrome DNA methylation signature. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:13. [PMID: 33750431 PMCID: PMC7942011 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a genome-wide profile of differential DNA methylation that is skewed towards hypermethylation in most tissues, including brain, and includes pan-tissue differential methylation. The molecular mechanisms involve the overexpression of genes related to DNA methylation on chromosome 21. Here, we stably overexpressed the chromosome 21 gene DNA methyltransferase 3L (DNMT3L) in the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line and assayed DNA methylation at over 26 million CpGs by whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) at three different developmental phases (undifferentiated, differentiating, and differentiated). Results DNMT3L overexpression resulted in global CpG and CpG island hypermethylation as well as thousands of differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The DNMT3L DMRs were skewed towards hypermethylation and mapped to genes involved in neurodevelopment, cellular signaling, and gene regulation. Consensus DNMT3L DMRs showed that cell lines clustered by genotype and then differentiation phase, demonstrating sets of common genes affected across neuronal differentiation. The hypermethylated DNMT3L DMRs from all pairwise comparisons were enriched for regions of bivalent chromatin marked by H3K4me3 as well as differentially methylated sites from previous DS studies of diverse tissues. In contrast, the hypomethylated DNMT3L DMRs from all pairwise comparisons displayed a tissue-specific profile enriched for regions of heterochromatin marked by H3K9me3 during embryonic development. Conclusions Taken together, these results support a mechanism whereby regions of bivalent chromatin that lose H3K4me3 during neuronal differentiation are targeted by excess DNMT3L and become hypermethylated. Overall, these findings demonstrate that DNMT3L overexpression during neurodevelopment recreates a facet of the genome-wide DS DNA methylation signature by targeting known genes and gene clusters that display pan-tissue differential methylation in DS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00387-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin I Laufer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - J Antonio Gomez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Julia M Jianu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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37
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Chetverina DA, Lomaev DV, Georgiev PG, Erokhin MM. Genetic Impairments of PRC2 Activity in Oncology: Problems and Prospects. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Muskens IS, Li S, Jackson T, Elliot N, Hansen HM, Myint SS, Pandey P, Schraw JM, Roy R, Anguiano J, Goudevenou K, Siegmund KD, Lupo PJ, de Bruijn MFTR, Walsh KM, Vyas P, Ma X, Roy A, Roberts I, Wiemels JL, de Smith AJ. The genome-wide impact of trisomy 21 on DNA methylation and its implications for hematopoiesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:821. [PMID: 33547282 PMCID: PMC7865055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is associated with genome-wide perturbation of gene expression, which may be mediated by epigenetic changes. We perform an epigenome-wide association study on neonatal bloodspots comparing 196 newborns with Down syndrome and 439 newborns without Down syndrome, adjusting for cell-type heterogeneity, which identifies 652 epigenome-wide significant CpGs (P < 7.67 × 10-8) and 1,052 differentially methylated regions. Differential methylation at promoter/enhancer regions correlates with gene expression changes in Down syndrome versus non-Down syndrome fetal liver hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (P < 0.0001). The top two differentially methylated regions overlap RUNX1 and FLI1, both important regulators of megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic development, with significant hypermethylation at promoter regions of these two genes. Excluding Down syndrome newborns harboring preleukemic GATA1 mutations (N = 30), identified by targeted sequencing, has minimal impact on the epigenome-wide association study results. Down syndrome has profound, genome-wide effects on DNA methylation in hematopoietic cells in early life, which may contribute to the high frequency of hematological problems, including leukemia, in children with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S Muskens
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalina Elliot
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Swe Swe Myint
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Priyatama Pandey
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritu Roy
- Computational Biology and Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joaquin Anguiano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Goudevenou
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kimberly D Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anindita Roy
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Roberts
- Department of Paediatrics and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University and BRC Blood Theme, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
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39
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De Toma I, Dierssen M. Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 33479353 PMCID: PMC7820501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread uncontrollably worldwide while it remains unknown how vulnerable populations, such as Down syndrome (DS) individuals are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with DS have more risk of infections with respiratory complications and present signs of auto-inflammation. They also present with multiple comorbidities that are associated with poorer COVID-19 prognosis in the general population. All this might place DS individuals at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or poorer clinical outcomes. In order to get insight into the interplay between DS genes and SARS-cov2 infection and pathogenesis we identified the genes associated with the molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and the host proteins interacting with viral proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then analyzed the overlaps of these genes with HSA21 genes, HSA21 interactors and other genes consistently differentially expressed in DS (using public transcriptomic datasets) and created a DS-SARS-CoV-2 network. We detected COVID-19 protective and risk factors among HSA21 genes and interactors and/or DS deregulated genes that might affect the susceptibility of individuals with DS both at the infection stage and in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our analysis suggests that at the infection stage DS individuals might be more susceptible to infection due to triplication of TMPRSS2, that primes the viral S protein for entry in the host cells. However, as the anti-viral interferon I signaling is also upregulated in DS, this might increase the initial anti-viral response, inhibiting viral genome release, viral replication and viral assembly. In the second pro-inflammatory immunopathogenic phase of the infection, the prognosis for DS patients might worsen due to upregulation of inflammatory genes that might favor the typical cytokine storm of COVID-19. We also detected strong downregulation of the NLRP3 gene, critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections, possibly leading to bacterial infection complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Bhansali RS, Rammohan M, Lee P, Laurent AP, Wen Q, Suraneni P, Yip BH, Tsai YC, Jenni S, Bornhauser B, Siret A, Fruit C, Pacheco-Benichou A, Harris E, Besson T, Thompson BJ, Goo YA, Hijiya N, Vilenchik M, Izraeli S, Bourquin JP, Malinge S, Crispino JD. DYRK1A regulates B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through phosphorylation of FOXO1 and STAT3. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:135937. [PMID: 33393494 PMCID: PMC7773384 DOI: 10.1172/jci135937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A is a serine/threonine kinase encoded on human chromosome 21 (HSA21) that has been implicated in several pathologies of Down syndrome (DS), including cognitive deficits and Alzheimer's disease. Although children with DS are predisposed to developing leukemia, especially B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the HSA21 genes that contribute to malignancies remain largely undefined. Here, we report that DYRK1A is overexpressed and required for B-ALL. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of DYRK1A decreased leukemic cell expansion and suppressed B-ALL development in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that FOXO1 and STAT3, transcription factors that are indispensable for B cell development, are critical substrates of DYRK1A. Loss of DYRK1A-mediated FOXO1 and STAT3 signaling disrupted DNA damage and ROS regulation, respectively, leading to preferential cell death in leukemic B cells. Thus, we reveal a DYRK1A/FOXO1/STAT3 axis that facilitates the development and maintenance of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S. Bhansali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Malini Rammohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Lee
- Abbvie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Praveen Suraneni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bon Ham Yip
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Bornhauser
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Siret
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique — Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA) UMR 6014, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Pacheco-Benichou
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique — Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA) UMR 6014, Rouen, France
| | - Ethan Harris
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) Rouen, CNRS, Chimie Organique et Bioorganique — Réactivité et Analyse (COBRA) UMR 6014, Rouen, France
| | | | - Young Ah Goo
- Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Nobuko Hijiya
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Shai Izraeli
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Telethon Kids Institute, Telethon Kids Cancer Centre (TKCC), Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John D. Crispino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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41
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Kim JH, Li L, Resar LM. Doubling up on function: dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142627. [PMID: 33393492 PMCID: PMC7773367 DOI: 10.1172/jci142627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A, the dual-specificity kinase, is again doubling up on function, as reported by Bhansali, Rammohan, and colleagues in this issue of the JCI. DYRK1A is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase with dual specificity; it adds phosphates to serine/threonine residues of diverse regulatory proteins and activates its own function by autophosphorylating a critical tyrosine at position 321 in the activation loop. Bhansali, Rammohan, and colleagues investigated B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and in children with leukemia characterized by aneuploidy. The study revealed a DYRK1A/FOXO1 and STAT3 signaling pathway in B-ALL that could be targeted pharmacologically, thus opening the door to therapeutic strategies for patients with leukemia with or without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology
| | - Linda M.S. Resar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology
- Departments of Oncology and Pathology, and Institute of Cellular Engineering, and
- Pathobiology, Human Genetics, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Programs, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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42
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Aneuploidy in Cancer: Lessons from Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:37-47. [PMID: 32952102 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, the gain or loss of chromosomes in a cell, is a hallmark of cancer. Although our understanding of the contribution of aneuploidy to cancer initiation and progression is incomplete, significant progress has been made in uncovering the cellular consequences of aneuploidy and how aneuploid cancer cells self-adapt to promote tumorigenesis. Aneuploidy is physiologically associated with significant cellular stress but, paradoxically, it favors tumor progression. Although more common in solid tumors, different forms of aneuploidy represent the initiating oncogenic lesion in patients with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), making B-ALL an excellent model for studying the role of aneuploidy in tumorigenesis. We review the molecular mechanisms underlying aneuploidy and discuss its contributions to B-ALL initiation and progression.
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43
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Chetverina DA, Lomaev DV, Erokhin MM. Polycomb and Trithorax Group Proteins: The Long Road from Mutations in Drosophila to Use in Medicine. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:66-85. [PMID: 33456979 PMCID: PMC7800605 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved factors responsible for the repression and activation of the transcription of multiple genes in Drosophila and mammals. Disruption of the PcG/TrxG expression is associated with many pathological conditions, including cancer, which makes them suitable targets for diagnosis and therapy in medicine. In this review, we focus on the major PcG and TrxG complexes, the mechanisms of PcG/TrxG action, and their recruitment to chromatin. We discuss the alterations associated with the dysfunction of a number of factors of these groups in oncology and the current strategies used to develop drugs based on small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chetverina
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - D. V. Lomaev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
| | - M. M. Erokhin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia
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Lee SK, Ahnn J. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:671-685. [PMID: 32576715 PMCID: PMC7468584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Laurent AP, Kotecha RS, Malinge S. Gain of chromosome 21 in hematological malignancies: lessons from studying leukemia in children with Down syndrome. Leukemia 2020; 34:1984-1999. [PMID: 32433508 PMCID: PMC7387246 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Structural and numerical alterations of chromosome 21 are extremely common in hematological malignancies. While the functional impact of chimeric transcripts from fused chromosome 21 genes such as TEL-AML1, AML1-ETO, or FUS-ERG have been extensively studied, the role of gain of chromosome 21 remains largely unknown. Gain of chromosome 21 is a frequently occurring aberration in several types of acute leukemia and can be found in up to 35% of cases. Children with Down syndrome (DS), who harbor constitutive trisomy 21, highlight the link between gain of chromosome 21 and leukemogenesis, with an increased risk of developing acute leukemia compared with other children. Clinical outcomes for DS-associated leukemia have improved over the years through the development of uniform treatment protocols facilitated by international cooperative groups. The genetic landscape has also recently been characterized, providing an insight into the molecular pathogenesis underlying DS-associated leukemia. These studies emphasize the key role of trisomy 21 in priming a developmental stage and cellular context susceptible to transformation, and have unveiled its cooperative function with additional genetic events that occur during leukemia progression. Here, using DS-leukemia as a paradigm, we aim to integrate our current understanding of the role of trisomy 21, of critical dosage-sensitive chromosome 21 genes, and of associated mechanisms underlying the development of hematological malignancies. This review will pave the way for future investigations on the broad impact of gain of chromosome 21 in hematological cancer, with a view to discovering new vulnerabilities and develop novel targeted therapies to improve long term outcomes for DS and non-DS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka P Laurent
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sébastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Laurent AP, Siret A, Ignacimouttou C, Panchal K, Diop M, Jenni S, Tsai YC, Roos-Weil D, Aid Z, Prade N, Lagarde S, Plassard D, Pierron G, Daudigeos E, Lecluse Y, Droin N, Bornhauser BC, Cheung LC, Crispino JD, Gaudry M, Bernard OA, Macintyre E, Barin Bonnigal C, Kotecha RS, Geoerger B, Ballerini P, Bourquin JP, Delabesse E, Mercher T, Malinge S. Constitutive Activation of RAS/MAPK Pathway Cooperates with Trisomy 21 and Is Therapeutically Exploitable in Down Syndrome B-cell Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3307-3318. [PMID: 32220889 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with Down syndrome (constitutive trisomy 21) that develop acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL) have a 3-fold increased likelihood of treatment-related mortality coupled with a higher cumulative incidence of relapse, compared with other children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). This highlights the lack of suitable treatment for Down syndrome children with B-ALL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To facilitate the translation of new therapeutic agents into clinical trials, we built the first preclinical cohort of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of DS-ALL, comprehensively characterized at the genetic and transcriptomic levels, and have proven its suitability for preclinical studies by assessing the efficacy of drug combination between the MEK inhibitor trametinib and conventional chemotherapy agents. RESULTS Whole-exome and RNA-sequencing experiments revealed a high incidence of somatic alterations leading to RAS/MAPK pathway activation in our cohort of DS-ALL, as well as in other pediatric B-ALL presenting somatic gain of the chromosome 21 (B-ALL+21). In murine and human B-cell precursors, activated KRASG12D functionally cooperates with trisomy 21 to deregulate transcriptional networks that promote increased proliferation and self renewal, as well as B-cell differentiation blockade. Moreover, we revealed that inhibition of RAS/MAPK pathway activation using the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib decreased leukemia burden in several PDX models of B-ALL+21, and enhanced survival of DS-ALL PDX in combination with conventional chemotherapy agents such as vincristine. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, using novel and suitable PDX models, this study indicates that RAS/MAPK pathway inhibition represents a promising strategy to improve the outcome of Down syndrome children with B-cell precursor leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouchka P Laurent
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Siret
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Cathy Ignacimouttou
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Kunjal Panchal
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - M'Boyba Diop
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Silvia Jenni
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Chien Tsai
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Damien Roos-Weil
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Zakia Aid
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nais Prade
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephanie Lagarde
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Estelle Daudigeos
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yann Lecluse
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Beat C Bornhauser
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence C Cheung
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - John D Crispino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Muriel Gaudry
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier A Bernard
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Hematology, Université de Paris, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades and Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Institute Cancer Campus, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Paola Ballerini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Trousseau, APHP, Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bourquin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric Delabesse
- Centre of Research on Cancer of Toulouse (CRCT), CHU Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Mercher
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Malinge
- INSERM U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. .,Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Cabal-Hierro L, van Galen P, Prado MA, Higby KJ, Togami K, Mowery CT, Paulo JA, Xie Y, Cejas P, Furusawa T, Bustin M, Long HW, Sykes DB, Gygi SP, Finley D, Bernstein BE, Lane AA. Chromatin accessibility promotes hematopoietic and leukemia stem cell activity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1406. [PMID: 32179749 PMCID: PMC7076002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization is a highly orchestrated process that influences gene expression, in part by modulating access of regulatory factors to DNA and nucleosomes. Here, we report that the chromatin accessibility regulator HMGN1, a target of recurrent DNA copy gains in leukemia, controls myeloid differentiation. HMGN1 amplification is associated with increased accessibility, expression, and histone H3K27 acetylation of loci important for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia, such as HoxA cluster genes. In vivo, HMGN1 overexpression is linked to decreased quiescence and increased HSC activity in bone marrow transplantation. HMGN1 overexpression also cooperates with the AML-ETO9a fusion oncoprotein to impair myeloid differentiation and enhance leukemia stem cell (LSC) activity. Inhibition of histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300 relieves the HMGN1-associated differentiation block. These data nominate factors that modulate chromatin accessibility as regulators of HSCs and LSCs, and suggest that targeting HMGN1 or its downstream effects on histone acetylation could be therapeutically active in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cabal-Hierro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly J Higby
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katsuhiro Togami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cody T Mowery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yingtian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Bustin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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48
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Biological Functions of HMGN Chromosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020449. [PMID: 31936777 PMCID: PMC7013550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin plays a key role in regulating gene expression programs necessary for the orderly progress of development and for preventing changes in cell identity that can lead to disease. The high mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of nucleosome binding proteins that preferentially binds to chromatin regulatory sites including enhancers and promoters. HMGN proteins are ubiquitously expressed in all vertebrate cells potentially affecting chromatin function and epigenetic regulation in multiple cell types. Here, we review studies aimed at elucidating the biological function of HMGN proteins, focusing on their possible role in vertebrate development and the etiology of disease. The data indicate that changes in HMGN levels lead to cell type-specific phenotypes, suggesting that HMGN optimize epigenetic processes necessary for maintaining cell identity and for proper execution of specific cellular functions. This manuscript contains tables that can be used as a comprehensive resource for all the English written manuscripts describing research aimed at elucidating the biological function of the HMGN protein family.
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Mowery CT, Reyes JM, Cabal-Hierro L, Higby KJ, Karlin KL, Wang JH, Kimmerling RJ, Cejas P, Lim K, Li H, Furusawa T, Long HW, Pellman D, Chapuy B, Bustin M, Manalis SR, Westbrook TF, Lin CY, Lane AA. Trisomy of a Down Syndrome Critical Region Globally Amplifies Transcription via HMGN1 Overexpression. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1898-1911.e5. [PMID: 30428356 PMCID: PMC6321629 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is associated with developmental abnormalities and increased leukemia risk. To reconcile chromatin alterations with transcriptome changes, we performed paired exogenous spike-in normalized RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing in DS models. Absolute normalization unmasks global amplification of gene expression associated with trisomy 21. Overexpression of the nucleosome binding protein HMGN1 (encoded on chr21q22) recapitulates transcriptional changes seen with triplication of a Down syndrome critical region on distal chromosome 21, and HMGN1 is necessary for B cell phenotypes in DS models. Absolute exogenous-normalized chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Rx) also reveals a global increase in histone H3K27 acetylation caused by HMGN1. Transcriptional amplification downstream of HMGN1 is enriched for stage-specific programs of B cells and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, dependent on the developmental cellular context. These data offer a mechanistic explanation for DS transcriptional patterns and suggest that further study of HMGN1 and RNA amplification in diverse DS phenotypes is warranted. How trisomy 21 contributes to Down syndrome phenotypes, including increased leukemia risk, is not well understood. Mowery et al. use per-cell normalization approaches to reveal global transcriptional amplification in Down syndrome models. HMGN1 overexpression is sufficient to induce these alterations and promotes lineage-associated transcriptional programs, signaling, and B cell progenitor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody T Mowery
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime M Reyes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia Cabal-Hierro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly J Higby
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen L Karlin
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jarey H Wang
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Kimmerling
- Koch Institute for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paloma Cejas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Klothilda Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hubo Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Furusawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pellman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bustin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott R Manalis
- Koch Institute for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Westbrook
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Y Lin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Innovation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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50
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Roper RJ, Hawley L, Goodlett CR. Influence of allelic differences in Down syndrome. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 251:29-54. [PMID: 32057311 PMCID: PMC7500172 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both trisomic and non-trisomic genes may affect the incidence and severity of phenotypes associated with Down syndrome (DS). The importance of extra (trisomic) genetic material is emphasized in DS, with less emphasis to the allelic composition of candidate trisomic genes in defining the trisomic gene-phenotype relationship in DS. Allelic differences in non-trisomic genes have been shown to be important moderators of cardiac, leukemia, and developmental phenotypes associated with DS. Trisomic mouse models provide an in vivo genetic platform for examining the gene-phenotype relationship, including the influence of allelic variants, on DS-like phenotypes. DS mouse models have differing trisomic genetic makeup, and optimal development, viability and translational value of these mouse models may require a non-inbred genetic background with heterogeneity at many loci. Additionally, understanding the contribution of specific genes or regions to DS phenotypes often requires the utilization of genetically manipulated mice that may be established on a different inbred background than the trisomic mice. The impact of allelic differences of trisomic and background genes in human and model systems may offer insight into the variability in occurrence and severity of trisomic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Roper
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| | - Laura Hawley
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Charles R Goodlett
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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