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Parra A, Tenorio-Castano J, Nevado J, Cazalla M, Miranda-Alcaraz L, Gallego-Zazo N, Silván C, Arias P, Pozo-Román J, Ballesta-Martínez MJ, Guillén-Navarro E, Arroyo I, Lotersztein V, Cosentino V, González-Meneses A, Galán E, Rosell J, Ramos F, Lapunzina P. Identification of copy-number variants in patients with overgrowth disorders. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 39091142 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Overgrowth syndromes (OGS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders whose main characteristic is that the weight, height or the head circumference are above the 97th centile or 2-3 standard deviations above the mean for age, gender, and ethnic group. Several copy-number variants (CNVs) have been associated with the development of OGS, such as the 5q35 microdeletion or the duplication of the 15q26.1-qter, among many others. In this study, we have applied 850K SNP-arrays to 112 patients and relatives with OGS from the Spanish OverGrowth Registry Initiative. We have identified CNVs associated with the disorder in nine individuals (8%). Subsequently, whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis was performed in these nine samples in order to better understand these genomic imbalances. All the CNVs were detected by both techniques, settling that WGS is a useful tool for CNV detection. We have found six patients with genomic abnormalities associated with previously well-established disorders and three patients with CNVs of unknown significance, which may be related to OGS, based on scientific literature. In this report, we describe these findings and comment on genes associated with OGS that are located within the CNV regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Parra
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Cazalla
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Miranda-Alcaraz
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Gallego-Zazo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Silván
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Arias
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo-Román
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juliana Ballesta-Martínez
- Sección de Genética Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Arroyo
- Pediatrics Department, San Pedro de Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lotersztein
- Department of Genetics, Centro Nacional de Genética, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Enrique Galán
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Jordi Rosell
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Feliciano Ramos
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- INGEMM-Idipaz, Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish OverGrowth Registry Initiative, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Xiong GJ, Sheng ZH. Presynaptic perspective: Axonal transport defects in neurodevelopmental disorders. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401145. [PMID: 38568173 PMCID: PMC10988239 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of synapse assembly and maturation leads to a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. Presynaptic proteins are largely synthesized in the soma, where they are packaged into precursor vesicles and transported into distal axons to ensure precise assembly and maintenance of presynapses. Due to their morphological features, neurons face challenges in the delivery of presynaptic cargos to nascent boutons. Thus, targeted axonal transport is vital to build functional synapses. A growing number of mutations in genes encoding the transport machinery have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging lines of evidence have started to uncover presynaptic mechanisms underlying axonal transport defects, thus broadening the view of neurodevelopmental disorders beyond postsynaptic mechanisms. In this review, we discuss presynaptic perspectives of neurodevelopmental disorders by focusing on impaired axonal transport and disturbed assembly and maintenance of presynapses. We also discuss potential strategies for restoring axonal transport as an early therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jing Xiong
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zu-Hang Sheng
- Synaptic Function Section, The Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Denommé-Pichon AS, Collins SC, Bruel AL, Mikhaleva A, Wagner C, Vancollie VE, Thomas Q, Chevarin M, Weber M, Prada CE, Overs A, Palomares-Bralo M, Santos-Simarro F, Pacio-Míguez M, Busa T, Legius E, Bacino CA, Rosenfeld JA, Le Guyader G, Egloff M, Le Guillou X, Mencarelli MA, Renieri A, Grosso S, Levy J, Dozières B, Desguerre I, Vitobello A, Duffourd Y, Lelliott CJ, Thauvin-Robinet C, Philippe C, Faivre L, Yalcin B. YWHAE loss of function causes a rare neurodevelopmental disease with brain abnormalities in human and mouse. Genet Med 2023; 25:100835. [PMID: 36999555 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Miller-Dieker syndrome is caused by a multiple gene deletion, including PAFAH1B1 and YWHAE. Although deletion of PAFAH1B1 causes lissencephaly unambiguously, deletion of YWHAE alone has not clearly been linked to a human disorder. METHODS Cases with YWHAE variants were collected through international data sharing networks. To address the specific impact of YWHAE loss of function, we phenotyped a mouse knockout of Ywhae. RESULTS We report a series of 10 individuals with heterozygous loss-of-function YWHAE variants (3 single-nucleotide variants and 7 deletions <1 Mb encompassing YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1), including 8 new cases and 2 follow-ups, added with 5 cases (copy number variants) from literature review. Although, until now, only 1 intragenic deletion has been described in YWHAE, we report 4 new variants specifically in YWHAE (3 splice variants and 1 intragenic deletion). The most frequent manifestations are developmental delay, delayed speech, seizures, and brain malformations, including corpus callosum hypoplasia, delayed myelination, and ventricular dilatation. Individuals with variants affecting YWHAE alone have milder features than those with larger deletions. Neuroanatomical studies in Ywhae-/- mice revealed brain structural defects, including thin cerebral cortex, corpus callosum dysgenesis, and hydrocephalus paralleling those seen in humans. CONCLUSION This study further demonstrates that YWHAE loss-of-function variants cause a neurodevelopmental disease with brain abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; European Reference Network, ERN-ITHACA.
| | - Stephan C Collins
- UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Anna Mikhaleva
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Quentin Thomas
- UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Neurology, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Martin Chevarin
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Mathys Weber
- UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU-TRANSLAD and GIMI Institute, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Carlos E Prada
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects & Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alexis Overs
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - María Palomares-Bralo
- European Reference Network, ERN-ITHACA; Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- European Reference Network, ERN-ITHACA; Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), La Paz University Hospital, Autonomous University of Madrid, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, CHU Timone Enfants, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Legius
- Laboratory for Neurofibromatosis Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven University Hospital, Belgium
| | - Carlos A Bacino
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX
| | - Gwenaël Le Guyader
- Genetics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Matthieu Egloff
- Genetics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Le Guillou
- Genetics Department, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France; University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; U.O.C. Pediatria, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Levy
- Genetics Department, Robert-Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Blandine Dozières
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Diseases, Robert Debré University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; European Reference Network, ERN-ITHACA
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | | | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU-TRANSLAD and GIMI Institute, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Functional Unit for Diagnostic Innovation in Rare Diseases, FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France; UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; European Reference Network, ERN-ITHACA; Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Development Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities, FHU-TRANSLAD and GIMI Institute, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- UMR1231 GAD "Génétique des Anomalies du Développement", INSERM, FHU-TRANSLAD, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France.
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Vittas S, Bisba M, Christopoulou G, Apostolakopoulou L, Pons R, Constantoulakis P. A Case of Class I 17p13.3 Microduplication Syndrome with Unilateral Hearing Loss. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1333. [PMID: 37510238 PMCID: PMC10379727 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
17p13 is a chromosomal region characterized by genomic instability due to high gene density leading to multiple deletion and duplication events. 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is a rare condition, reported only in 40 cases worldwide, which is found in the Miller-Dieker chromosomal region, presenting a wide range of phenotypic manifestations. Usually, the duplicated area is de novo and varies in size from 1.8 to 4.0 Mbp. Critical genes for this region are PAFAH1B1 (#601545), YWHAE (#605066), and CRK (#164762). 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome can be categorized into two classes (Class I and Class II) based on the genes that are present in the duplicated area, which lead to different phenotypes. In this report, we present a new case of Class I 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome that presents with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Oligonucleotide and SNP array comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) analysis revealed a duplication of approximately 121 Kbp on chromosome 17p13.3, which includes YWHAE and CRK genes. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis confirmed the duplication. Our patient has common clinical symptoms of Class I 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome, and in addition, she has unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Interestingly, WES analysis did not detect any mutations in genes that are associated with hearing loss. The above findings lead us to propose that hearing loss is a manifestation of 17p13.3 duplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Vittas
- MicroGenome, 25th Martiou 55 Str., 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Bisba
- MicroGenome, 25th Martiou 55 Str., 564 29 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Loukia Apostolakopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sofia Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Roser Pons
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sofia Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Kshirsagar A, Doroshev SM, Gorelik A, Olender T, Sapir T, Tsuboi D, Rosenhek-Goldian I, Malitsky S, Itkin M, Argoetti A, Mandel-Gutfreund Y, Cohen SR, Hanna JH, Ulitsky I, Kaibuchi K, Reiner O. LIS1 RNA-binding orchestrates the mechanosensitive properties of embryonic stem cells in AGO2-dependent and independent ways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3293. [PMID: 37280197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lissencephaly-1 (LIS1) is associated with neurodevelopmental diseases and is known to regulate the molecular motor cytoplasmic dynein activity. Here we show that LIS1 is essential for the viability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and it governs the physical properties of these cells. LIS1 dosage substantially affects gene expression, and we uncovered an unexpected interaction of LIS1 with RNA and RNA-binding proteins, most prominently the Argonaute complex. We demonstrate that LIS1 overexpression partially rescued the extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and mechanosensitive genes conferring stiffness to Argonaute null mESCs. Collectively, our data transforms the current perspective on the roles of LIS1 in post-transcriptional regulation underlying development and mechanosensitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kshirsagar
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Svetlana Maslov Doroshev
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Gorelik
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Sapir
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daisuke Tsuboi
- International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Irit Rosenhek-Goldian
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Argoetti
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Igor Ulitsky
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Orly Reiner
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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Clinical findings and genetic analysis of patients with copy number variants involving 17p13.3 using a single nucleotide polymorphism array: a single-center experience. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:268. [PMID: 36544138 PMCID: PMC9773569 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17p13.3 microdeletions or microduplications (collectively known as copy number variants or CNVs) have been described in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, 17p13.3 CNVs were rarely reported in fetuses. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of 17p13.3 CNVs with varied sizes and gene content in prenatal and postnatal samples. METHODS Eight cases with 17p13.3 CNVs out of 8806 samples that had been subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis were retrospectively analyzed, along with karyotyping, clinical features, and follow-up. RESULTS Eight cases with 17p13.3 CNVs consisted of five fetuses, one aborted embryo and two probands manifested severe congenital defects. The indications of prenatal testing varied considerably for the five fetuses, including ultrasound abnormalities (n = 3), segmental deletions indicated by non-invasive prenatal testing (n = 1), and intellectual disability in the mother of one fetus (n = 1). Of them, two and six harbored copy number gains and losses involving 17p13.3, respectively. The size of the detected 17p13.3 CNVs ranged from 576 kb to 5.7 Mb. Case 1 was diagnosed with 17p13.3 duplication syndrome, and cases 4, 6, and 7 with Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Microdeletions of the 17p13.3 region in two cases (cases 5 and 8) involving YWHAE and CRK, sparing PAFAH1B1, were classified as pathogenic. Case 2 harbored a 576 kb microduplication, encompassing YWHAE and CRK but not PAFAH1B1, which was of maternal origin and considered a variant of uncertain significance. Case 3 carried one 74.2 Mb mosaic duplication of approximately 3.5 on chromosome 17p13.2q25.3, and two deletions at 17p13.3p13.2 and 17q25.3. The karyotype of case 3 was 46,XY,r(17)(p13q25). For five fetuses, only case 2 continued gestation and showed normal development at the age of 15 months; the others were subjected to termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION The clinical findings of 17p13.3 microdeletions or microduplications varied among subjects, and 17p13.3 CNVs often differ in size and gene content. Microdeletions or microduplications containing the typical MDS region, as well as the microdeletions involving YWHAE and CRK, could be classified as pathogenic. The clinical significance of small duplications including YWHAE and CRK but not PAFAH1B1 remains uncertain, for which parental testing and clinical heterogeneity should be considered in genetic counseling.
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Let Time Teach You: A Case Report of a Double Diagnosis of 17P Duplication and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122197. [PMID: 36553464 PMCID: PMC9778043 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyphoscoliotic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and 17p13.3 microduplication share multiple clinical features such as muscle hypotonia, cleft palate, and growth impairment. This paper describes a patient who was first diagnosed with the duplication and a decade later also with FKBP14-kEDS. The latter was initially overlooked due to the pathogenic significance attributed to the duplication and to the fact that, at the time of the first diagnosis, this specific form of kEDS had yet to be discovered. The patient's progressive kyphoscoliosis and severe joint laxity were the clinical features that prompted the patient's physiatrist to reassess the genetic work-up. This extreme latency caused inaccurate management in the patient's follow-up program, which ultimately may have resulted in preventable clinical complications. This report underlines the importance of remaining up-to-date with patient status, reviewing old cases, and relying on specialist advice to reach a correct diagnosis.
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Pandey JP, Shi L, Brebion RA, Smith DS. LIS1 and NDEL1 Regulate Axonal Trafficking of Mitochondria in Mature Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:841047. [PMID: 35465088 PMCID: PMC9025594 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.841047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective mitochondrial dynamics in axons have been linked to both developmental and late-onset neurological disorders. Axonal trafficking is in large part governed by the microtubule motors kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein 1 (dynein). Dynein is the primary retrograde transport motor in axons, and mutations in dynein and many of its regulators also cause neurological diseases. Depletion of LIS1, famous for linking dynein deregulation to lissencephaly (smooth brain), in adult mice leads to severe neurological phenotypes, demonstrating post-developmental roles. LIS1 stimulates retrograde transport of acidic organelles in cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons but findings on its role in mitochondrial trafficking have been inconsistent and have not been reported for adult axons. Here we report that there is an increased number of mitochondria in cross-sections of sciatic nerve axons from adult LIS1+/– mice. This is probably related to reduced dynein activity as axons from adult rat nerves exposed to the dynein inhibitor, ciliobrevin D also had increased numbers of mitochondria. Moreover, LIS1 overexpression (OE) in cultured adult rat DRG axons stimulated retrograde mitochondrial transport while LIS1 knockdown (KD) or expression of a LIS1 dynein-binding mutant (LIS1-K147A) inhibited retrograde transport, as did KD of dynein heavy chain (DHC). These findings are consistent with our report on acidic organelles. However, KD of NDEL1, a LIS1 and dynein binding protein, or expression of a LIS1 NDEL1-binding mutant (LIS1-R212A) also dramatically impacted retrograde mitochondrial transport, which was not the case for acidic organelles. Manipulations that disrupted retrograde mitochondrial transport also increased the average length of axonal mitochondria, suggesting a role for dynein in fusion or fission events. Our data point to cargo specificity in NDEL1 function and raise the possibility that defects in the LIS1/NDEL1 dynein regulatory pathway could contribute to mitochondrial diseases with axonal pathologies.
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9
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Deodati A, Inzaghi E, Germani D, Fausti F, Cianfarani S. Crk Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Intrauterine Growth Retardation and Severe Postnatal Growth Failure. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 94:456-466. [PMID: 35086092 DOI: 10.1159/000521629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with 17p13.3 microdeletions including the YWHAE gene show intrauterine growth restriction, craniofacial dysmorphisms, postnatal growth failure, and cognitive impairment. This region is characterized by genomic instability and has been associated with isolated lissencephaly sequence and Miller-Dieker syndrome characterized by facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly, short stature, seizures, cardiac malformations, and agyria. Whilst brain abnormalities are secondary to YWHAE deficiency, the cause of pre- and postnatal growth failure has not been identified yet. CASE PRESENTATION We describe 2 patients (patient 1 15 years and patient 2 11 years and 10 months) referred to our Center of Pediatric Endocrinology for intrauterine growth retardation with de novo 17p13.3 deletion. In vitro assays showed a defect in CRK expression and GH/IGF1 signaling. rhGH therapy was effective in partially reducing the deficit in height in patient 1 and induced catch-up growth in patient 2. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 17p13.3 microdeletion involving CRK affects both GH and IGF1 signaling ultimately leading to pre- and postnatal growth retardation, secondary to partial insensitivity to GH/IGF1. rhGH therapy may be considered to reduce the height deficit in these patients, though data on adult height are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Deodati
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Inzaghi
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Germani
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Fausti
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianfarani
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina dei sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Domínguez-Sala E, Valdés-Sánchez L, Canals S, Reiner O, Pombero A, García-López R, Estirado A, Pastor D, Geijo-Barrientos E, Martínez S. Abnormalities in Cortical GABAergic Interneurons of the Primary Motor Cortex Caused by Lis1 (Pafah1b1) Mutation Produce a Non-drastic Functional Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:769853. [PMID: 35309904 PMCID: PMC8924048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.769853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 (PAFAH1B1) plays a major role in the developing cerebral cortex, and haploinsufficient mutations cause human lissencephaly type 1. We have studied morphological and functional properties of the cerebral cortex of mutant mice harboring a deletion in the first exon of the mouse Lis1 (Pafah1b1) gene, which encodes for the LisH domain. The Lis1/sLis1 animals had an overall unaltered cortical structure but showed an abnormal distribution of cortical GABAergic interneurons (those expressing calbindin, calretinin, or parvalbumin), which mainly accumulated in the deep neocortical layers. Interestingly, the study of the oscillatory activity revealed an apparent inability of the cortical circuits to produce correct activity patterns. Moreover, the fast spiking (FS) inhibitory GABAergic interneurons exhibited several abnormalities regarding the size of the action potentials, the threshold for spike firing, the time course of the action potential after-hyperpolarization (AHP), the firing frequency, and the frequency and peak amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSC’s). These morphological and functional alterations in the cortical inhibitory system characterize the Lis1/sLis1 mouse as a model of mild lissencephaly, showing a phenotype less drastic than the typical phenotype attributed to classical lissencephaly. Therefore, the results described in the present manuscript corroborate the idea that mutations in some regions of the Lis1 gene can produce phenotypes more similar to those typically described in schizophrenic and autistic patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Domínguez-Sala
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - L Valdés-Sánchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - S Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - O Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Pombero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - R García-López
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - A Estirado
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - D Pastor
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - E Geijo-Barrientos
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - S Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Salud Mental CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yang YY, Liu CT, Pai LF, Hu CF, Chen SJ, Hsu WF. Case Report: First Case of Non-restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect With Congestive Heart Failure in a Chinese Han Male Infant Carrying a Class II Chromosome 17p13.3 Microduplication. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:825298. [PMID: 35311053 PMCID: PMC8926061 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.825298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome is considered a multisystem disorder that results in a wide variety of clinical manifestations including dysmorphic facial characteristics, brain structural malformations, developmental restriction, growth restriction, and neurocognitive disorders. The two major classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication, which have different clinical presentations, are associated with specific genetic regions. Among the various known phenotypes, scattered cases with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been reported for both classes of chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Unfortunately, there is insufficient understanding of the correlation between chromosome anomaly induced alterations in gene expression and aberrant cardiac development, and thus early diagnosis of CHD among patients with chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication is difficult without routine prenatal cardiac assessment. One such congenital heart anomalies known to affect a substantial number of newborns worldwide is ventricular septal defect (VSD), which has been found in 17p13.3 microduplication carriers, and seems to sometimes undergo spontaneous closure. We report an unprecedented case of moderate sized perimembranous-outlet VSD and congestive heart failure (CHF) in a Chinese Han male infant with a class II chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication. Despite the fact that cytogenic testing and fetal echocardiography confirmed a 249-Kb chromosome duplication within 17p13.3 that encompassed the PAFAH1B1 gene and showed the presence of VSD during prenatal period, this patient still developed a range of symptoms including sustained prolonged feeding, dyspnea, diaphoresis and retarded growth. A physical examination indicated hepatomegaly and a grade III/VI pan-systolic murmur along the left upper sternal border. Laboratory testing showed a high serum pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP). Imaging studies revealed cardiomegaly and a persistent VSD with related pulmonary stenosis. Since the clinical findings were compatible with CHF, we provided mainline treatment with digoxin, captopril, and furosemide, as well as fluid restriction. Despite sustained poor weight gain, the feeding behavior and the respiratory conditions of the patient improved gradually. This case report and literature review suggest that patients carrying chromosome 17p13.3 microduplication who have VSD may have an increased risk of developing CHF as young infants and hence a comprehensive cardiac evaluation is warranted to allow the early diagnosis and management of any severe heart anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fan Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyi-Jou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Fu Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Lupski JR. Clan genomics: From OMIM phenotypic traits to genes and biology. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3294-3313. [PMID: 34405553 PMCID: PMC8530976 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical characterization of a patient phenotype has been the quintessential approach for elucidating a differential diagnosis and a hypothesis to explore a potential clinical diagnosis. This has resulted in a language of medicine and a semantic ontology, with both specialty- and subspecialty-specific lexicons, that can be challenging to translate and interpret. There is no 'Rosetta Stone' of clinical medicine such as the genetic code that can assist translation and interpretation of the language of genetics. Nevertheless, the information content embodied within a clinical diagnosis can guide management, therapeutic intervention, and potentially prognostic outlook of disease enabling anticipatory guidance for patients and families. Clinical genomics is now established firmly in medical practice. The granularity and informative content of a personal genome is immense. Yet, we are limited in our utility of much of that personal genome information by the lack of functional characterization of the overwhelming majority of computationally annotated genes in the haploid human reference genome sequence. Whereas DNA and the genetic code have provided a 'Rosetta Stone' to translate genetic variant information, clinical medicine, and clinical genomics provide the context to understand human biology and disease. A path forward will integrate deep phenotyping, such as available in a clinical synopsis in the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) entries, with personal genome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Farra C, Abdouni L, Hani A, Dirani L, Hamdar L, Souaid M, Awwad J. 17p13.3 Microduplication Syndrome: Further Delineating the Clinical Spectrum. J Pediatr Genet 2021; 10:239-244. [PMID: 34504729 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
17p13.3 microduplication syndrome has been associated with a clinical spectrum of phenotypes, and depending on the genes involved in the microduplication, it is categorized into two classes (Class I and Class II). We herein, describe two patients diagnosed with Class I 17p13.3 microduplication by BACs-on-Beads (BoBs) assay and further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our patients (Patient 1: 4-year-old male; Patient 2: 2-year-old male) presented with developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features. When compared with the literature, our patients manifested distinctive features (Patient 1: primary hypothyroidism; Patient 2: bilateral cryptorchidism) that were not previously described in the duplication 17p13.3 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Farra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Abdouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abeer Hani
- Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Leyla Dirani
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layal Hamdar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirna Souaid
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Johnny Awwad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Markova ZG, Minzhenkova ME, Bessonova LA, Shilova NV. A new case of 17p13.3p13.1 microduplication resulted from unbalanced translocation: clinical and molecular cytogenetic characterization. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 34465353 PMCID: PMC8408977 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number gain 17 p13.3p13.1 was detected by chromosomal microarray (CMA) in a girl with developmental/speech delay and facial dysmorphism. FISH studies made it possible to establish that the identified genomic imbalance is the unbalanced t(9;17) translocation of maternal origin. Clinical features of the patient are also discussed. The advisability of using the combination of CMA and FISH analysis is shown. Copy number gains detected by clinical CMA should be confirmed using FISH analysis in order to determine the physical location of the duplicated segment. Parental follow-up studies is an important step to determine the origin of genomic imbalance. This approach not only allows a most comprehensive characterization of an identified chromosomal/genomic imbalance but also provision of an adequate medical and genetic counseling for a family taking into account a balanced chromosomal rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna G Markova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye St., 1, Moscow, Russia, 115522.
| | - Marina E Minzhenkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye St., 1, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - Lyudmila A Bessonova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye St., 1, Moscow, Russia, 115522
| | - Nadezda V Shilova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye St., 1, Moscow, Russia, 115522
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15
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Screening of 22q11.2DS Using Multiplex Ligation-Dependent Probe Amplification as an Alternative Diagnostic Method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:6945730. [PMID: 33062692 PMCID: PMC7539069 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6945730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common form of deletion disorder in humans. Low copy repeats flanking the 22q11.2 region confers a substrate for nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR) events leading to rearrangements which have been reported to be associated with highly variable and expansive phenotypes. The 22q11.2DS is reported as the most common genetic cause of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods A total of 42 patients with congenital heart defects, as confirmed by echocardiography, were recruited. Genetic molecular analysis using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was conducted as part of routine 22q11.2DS screening, followed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), which serves as a confirmatory test. Results Two of the 42 CHD cases (4.76%) indicated the presence of 22q11.2DS, and interestingly, both cases have conotruncal heart defects. In terms of concordance of techniques used, MLPA is superior since it can detect deletions within the 22q11.2 locus and outside of the typically deleted region (TDR) as well as duplications. Conclusion The incidence of 22q11.2DS among patients with CHD in the east coast of Malaysia is 0.047. MLPA is a scalable and affordable alternative molecular diagnostic method in the screening of 22q11.2DS and can be routinely applied for the diagnosis of deletion syndromes.
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16
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Tolezano GC, da Costa SS, Scliar MDO, Fernandes WLM, Otto PA, Bertola DR, Rosenberg C, Vianna-Morgante AM, Krepischi ACV. Investigating Genetic Factors Contributing to Variable Expressivity of Class I 17p13.3 Microduplication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 9:296-306. [PMID: 33688487 PMCID: PMC7936075 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.4.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
17p13.3 microduplications are rare copy number variations (CNVs) associated with variable phenotypes, including facial dysmorphism, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and autism. Typically, when a recognized pathogenic CNV is identified, other genetic factors are not considered. We investigated via whole-exome sequencing the presence of additional variants in four carriers of class I 17p13.3 microduplications. A 730 kb 17p13.3 microduplication was identified in two half-brothers with intellectual disability, but not in a third affected half-brother or blood cells from their normal mother (Family A), thus leading to the hypothesis of maternal germline mosaicism. No additional pathogenic variants were detected in Family A. Two affected siblings carried maternally inherited 450 kb 17p13.3 microduplication (Family B); the three carriers of the microduplication exhibited microcephaly and learning disability/speech impairment of variable degrees. Exome analysis revealed a variant of uncertain significance in RORA, a gene already linked to autism, in the autistic boy; his sister was heterozygous for a CYP1B1 pathogenic variant that could be related to her congenital glaucoma. Besides, both siblings carried a loss-of-function variant in DIP2B, a candidate gene for intellectual disability, which was inherited from their father, who also exhibited learning disability in childhood. In conclusion, additional pathogenic variants were revealed in two affected carriers of class I 17p13.3 microduplication (Family B), probably adding to their phenotypes. These results provided new evidence regarding the contribution of RORA and DIP2B to neurocognitive deficits, and highlighted the importance of full genetic investigation in carriers of CNV syndromes with variable expressivity. Finally, we suggest that microcephaly may be a rare clinical feature also related to the presence of the class I 17p13.3 microduplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cantini Tolezano
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília de Oliveira Scliar
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Alberto Otto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil .,Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vianna-Morgante
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Rolland M, Martin H, Bergamelli M, Sellier Y, Bessières B, Aziza J, Benchoua A, Leruez-Ville M, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Chavanas S. Human cytomegalovirus infection is associated with increased expression of the lissencephaly gene PAFAH1B1 encoding LIS1 in neural stem cells and congenitally infected brains. J Pathol 2021; 254:92-102. [PMID: 33565082 DOI: 10.1002/path.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Congenital infection of the central nervous system by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a leading cause of permanent sequelae, including mental retardation or neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The most severe complications include smooth brain or polymicrogyria, which are both indicative of abnormal migration of neural cells, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be determined. To gain better insight on the pathogenesis of such sequelae, we assessed the expression levels of a set of neurogenesis-related genes, using HCMV-infected human neural stem cells derived from embryonic stem cells (NSCs). Among the 84 genes tested, we found dramatically increased expression of the gene PAFAH1B1, encoding LIS1 (lissencephaly-1), in HCMV-infected versus uninfected NSCs. Consistent with these findings, western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the increased levels of LIS1 in HCMV-infected NSCs at the protein level. We next assessed the migratory abilities of HCMV-infected NSCs and observed that infection strongly impaired the migration of NSCs, without detectable effect on their proliferation. Moreover, we observed increased immunostaining for LIS1 in brains of congenitally infected fetuses, but not in control samples, highlighting the clinical relevance of our findings. Of note, PAFAH1B1 mutations (resulting in either haploinsufficiency or gain of function) are primary causes of hereditary neurodevelopmental diseases. Notably, mutations resulting in PAFAH1B1 haploinsufficiency cause classic lissencephaly. Taken together, our findings suggest that PAFAH1B1 is a critical target of HCMV infection. They also shine a new light on the pathophysiological basis of the neurological outcomes of congenital HCMV infection, by suggesting that defective neural cell migration might contribute to the pathogenesis of the neurodevelopmental sequelae of infection. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Rolland
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Bergamelli
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Yann Sellier
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bettina Bessières
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Aziza
- Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, IUCT-Oncopôle Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marianne Leruez-Ville
- Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Dunia
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Chavanas
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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18
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Zhang C, Mazzeu JF, Eisfeldt J, Grochowski CM, White J, Akdemir ZC, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Lindstrand A, Lupski JR, Sutton VR, Carvalho CMB. Novel pathogenic genomic variants leading to autosomal dominant and recessive Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:3593-3600. [PMID: 33048444 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Robinow syndrome (RS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by skeletal dysplasia and a distinctive facial appearance. Previous studies have revealed locus heterogeneity with rare variants in DVL1, DVL3, FZD2, NXN, ROR2, and WNT5A underlying the etiology of RS. The aforementioned "Robinow-associated genes" and their gene products all play a role in the WNT/planar cell polarity signaling pathway. We performed gene-targeted Sanger sequencing, exome sequencing, genome sequencing, and array comparative genomic hybridization on four subjects with a clinical diagnosis of RS who had not had prior DNA testing. Individuals in our cohort were found to carry pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in three RS related genes: DVL1, ROR2, and NXN. One subject was found to have a nonsense variant (c.817C > T [p.Gln273*]) in NXN in trans with an ~1 Mb telomeric deletion on chromosome 17p containing NXN, which supports our contention that biallelic NXN variant alleles are responsible for a novel autosomal recessive RS locus. These findings provide increased understanding of the role of WNT signaling in skeletal development and maintenance. These data further support the hypothesis that dysregulation of the noncanonical WNT pathway in humans gives rise to RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.,Robinow Syndrome Foundation, Anoka, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Janson White
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeynep C Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shalini N Jhangiani
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - V Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI), Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Chhatre A, Sanghavi P, Mallik R. Lis1 co-localizes with actin in the phagocytic cup and regulates phagocytosis. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:249-260. [PMID: 32524725 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis, the ingestion of solid particles by cells is essential for nutrient uptake, innate immune response, antigen presentation and organelle homeostasis. Here we show that Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1), a well-known regulator of the microtubule motor dynein, co-localizes with actin at the phagocytic cup in the early stages of phagocytosis. Both knockdown and overexpression of Lis1 perturb phagocytosis, suggesting that Lis1 levels may be regulated during particle engulfment to facilitate remodeling of actin filaments within the phagocytic cup. This requirement of Lis1 is replicated in mouse macrophage cells as well as in the amoeba Dictyostelium, indicating an evolutionarily conserved role for Lis1 in phagocytosis. In support of these findings, Dictyostelium cells overexpressing Lis1 show defects in migration possibly caused by dysregulated actin. Taken together, Lis1 localizes to the phagocytic cup and influences the actin cytoskeleton in a manner that appears important for the uptake of solid particles into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Chhatre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Paulomi Sanghavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Roop Mallik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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20
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Qi Y, Guo Y, Jiao H, Shang X. A flexible network-based imputing-and-fusing approach towards the identification of cell types from single-cell RNA-seq data. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:240. [PMID: 32527285 PMCID: PMC7291547 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-03547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides an effective tool to investigate the transcriptomic characteristics at the single-cell resolution. Due to the low amounts of transcripts in single cells and the technical biases in experiments, the raw scRNA-seq data usually includes large noise and makes the downstream analyses complicated. Although many methods have been proposed to impute the noisy scRNA-seq data in recent years, few of them take into account the prior associations across genes in imputation and integrate multiple types of imputation data to identify cell types. RESULTS We present a new framework, NetImpute, towards the identification of cell types from scRNA-seq data by integrating multiple types of biological networks. We employ a statistic method to detect the noise data items in scRNA-seq data and develop a new imputation model to estimate the real values of data noise by integrating the PPI network and gene pathways. Meanwhile, based on the data imputed by multiple types of biological networks, we propose an integrated approach to identify cell types from scRNA-seq data. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed network-based imputation model can estimate the real values of noise data items accurately and integrating the imputation data based on multiple types of biological networks can improve the identification of cell types from scRNA-seq data. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating the prior gene associations in biological networks can potentially help to improve the imputation of noisy scRNA-seq data and integrating multiple types of network-based imputation data can enhance the identification of cell types. The proposed NetImpute provides an open framework for incorporating multiple types of biological network data to identify cell types from scRNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qi
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yang Guo
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Huixin Jiao
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuequn Shang
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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21
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Hadj Amor M, Dimassi S, Taj A, Slimani W, Hannachi H, Mlika A, Ben Helel K, Saad A, Mougou-Zerelli S. Neuronal migration genes and a familial translocation t (3;17): candidate genes implicated in the phenotype. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:26. [PMID: 32028920 PMCID: PMC7006381 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Miller-Dieker syndrome critical region deletions are well known delineated anomalies, submicroscopic duplications in this region have recently emerged as a new distinctive syndrome. So far, only few cases have been described overlapping 17p13.3 duplications. METHODS In this study, we report on clinical and cytogenetic characterization of two new cases involving 17p13.3 and 3p26 chromosomal regions in two sisters with familial history of lissencephaly. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and array Comparative Genomic Hybridization were performed. RESULTS A deletion including the critical region of the Miller-Dieker syndrome of at least 2,9 Mb and a duplication of at least 3,6 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 3 were highlighted in one case. The opposite rearrangements, 17p13.3 duplication and 3p deletion, were observed in the second case. This double chromosomal aberration is the result of an adjacent 1:1 meiotic segregation of a maternal reciprocal translocation t(3,17)(p26.2;p13.3). CONCLUSIONS 17p13.3 and 3p26 deletions have a clear range of phenotypic features while duplications still have an uncertain clinical significance. However, we could suggest that regardless of the type of the rearrangement, the gene dosage and interactions of CNTN4, CNTN6 and CHL1 in the 3p26 and PAFAH1B1, YWHAE in 17p13.3 could result in different clinical spectrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Hadj Amor
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Dimassi
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Taj
- Pediatric department, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Slimani
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology, Monastir University, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Hannachi
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Adnene Mlika
- Pediatric department, Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Ben Helel
- Pediatric department, Ibn Jazzar University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar Street, 3100 Kairouan, Tunisia
| | - Ali Saad
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Mougou-Zerelli
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, Molecular Genetics and Reproductive Biology Farhat Hached University Teaching Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
- Common Service Units for Research in Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Ibn El Jazzar street, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia
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22
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Polymicrogyria associated with 17p13.3p13.2 duplication: Case report and review of the literature. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103774. [PMID: 31585183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a male infant with bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria associated with a de novo duplication of chromosome region 17p13.3p13.2. To our knowledge, this is the first report of polymicrogyria associated with the 17p13.3 contiguous gene duplication syndrome. Testing for known monogenic causes of polymicrogyria was negative and there was no clinical evidence of an acquired prenatal cause. Given the critical, dose-sensitive role that the 17p13.3 region plays in brain development, we suggest that the chromosome duplication is the most likely explanation for the polymicrogyria. Clinical and functional studies have demonstrated deleterious effects of increased LIS1 expression on the developing brain and the contribution of YWHAE to the brain phenotype of the 17p13 duplication syndrome. There is also evidence that CRK, the other candidate gene in this region, via interaction with LIS1, plays a critical role in cortical development. In addition to LIS1, YWHAE and CRK, our patient's chromosome duplication involves at least 100 other genes, less than half of which are annotated at the time of writing. It is expected that the ongoing use of chromosome microarray and next-generation sequencing to investigate the genetic causes of brain malformations will continue to extend our understanding of the 17p13 region and of the contributions of the genes in this region to cortical development.
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23
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Candelo E, Caicedo G, Mejia L, Pachajoa H. Chromosome 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome with unaltered PAFAH1B1 gene. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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24
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Keidar L, Gerlitz G, Kshirsagar A, Tsoory M, Olender T, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen YS, Yang YG, Voineagu I, Reiner O. Interplay of LIS1 and MeCP2: Interactions and Implications With the Neurodevelopmental Disorders Lissencephaly and Rett Syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:370. [PMID: 31474834 PMCID: PMC6703185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LIS1 is the main causative gene for lissencephaly, while MeCP2 is the main causative gene for Rett syndrome, both of which are neurodevelopmental diseases. Here we report nuclear functions for LIS1 and identify previously unrecognized physical and genetic interactions between the products of these two genes in the cell nucleus, that has implications on MeCP2 organization, neuronal gene expression and mouse behavior. Reduced LIS1 levels affect the association of MeCP2 with chromatin. Transcriptome analysis of primary cortical neurons derived from wild type, Lis1±, MeCP2−/y, or double mutants mice revealed a large overlap in the differentially expressed (DE) genes between the various mutants. Overall, our findings provide insights on molecular mechanisms involved in the neurodevelopmental disorders lissencephaly and Rett syndrome caused by dysfunction of LIS1 and MeCP2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liraz Keidar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabi Gerlitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aditya Kshirsagar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michael Tsoory
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tsviya Olender
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Irina Voineagu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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25
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HU J, QIAN Y, SUN Y, YU J, LUO Y, DONG M. [Application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray in clinical diagnosis of intellectual disability or retardation]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:420-428. [PMID: 31901047 PMCID: PMC8800802 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) in patients with intellectual disability/developmental delay(ID/DD). METHODS SNP array was performed to detect genome-wide DNA copy number variants (CNVs) for 145 patients with ID/DD in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2013 to June 2018. The CNVs were analyzed by CHAS software and related databases. RESULTS Among 145 patients, pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 32 cases, including 26 cases of pathogenic CNVs and 6 cases of likely pathogenic CNVs. Meanwhile, 18 cases of uncertain clinical significance and 14 cases of likely benign were identified, no significant abnormalities were found in 81 cases (including benign). CONCLUSIONS SNP array is effective for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in patients with ID/DD with high efficiency and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Minyue DONG
- 董旻岳(1964—), 男, 博士, 主任医师, 博士生导师, 主要从事生殖遗传学研究; E-mail:
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-7924
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26
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Paththinige CS, Sirisena ND, Escande F, Manouvrier S, Petit F, Dissanayake VHW. Split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency associated with BHLHA9 gene duplication: a case report and review of literature. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:108. [PMID: 31200655 PMCID: PMC6570964 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a group of congenital skeletal disorders which may occur either as an isolated abnormality or in syndromic forms with extra-limb manifestations. Chromosomal micro-duplication or micro-triplication involving 17p13.3 region has been described as the most common cause of split hand/foot malformation with long bone deficiency (SHFLD) in several different Caucasian and Asian populations. Gene dosage effect of the extra copies of BHLHA9 gene at this locus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of SHFLD. Case presentation The proband was a female child born to non-consanguineous parents. She was referred for genetic evaluation of bilateral asymmetric ectrodactyly involving both hands and right foot along with right tibial hemimelia. The right foot had fixed clubfoot deformity with only 2 toes. The mother had bilateral ectrodactyly involving both hands, but the rest of the upper limbs and both lower limbs were normal. Neither of them had any other congenital malformations or neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Genetic testing for rearrangement of BHLHA9 gene by quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the duplication of the BHLHA9 gene in both the proband and the mother. Conclusions We report the first Sri Lankan family with genetic diagnosis of BHLHA9 duplication causing SHFLD. This report along with the previously reported cases corroborate the possible etiopathogenic role of BHLHA9 gene dosage imbalances in SHFM and SHFLD across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamara Sampath Paththinige
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka. .,Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, 50008, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Fabienne Escande
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Oncologie Moléculaire, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- Clinique de Génétique Guy Fontaine, CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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27
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Molenhuis RT, Bruining H, Brandt MJV, van Soldt PE, Abu-Toamih Atamni HJ, Burbach JPH, Iraqi FA, Mott RF, Kas MJH. Modeling the quantitative nature of neurodevelopmental disorders using Collaborative Cross mice. Mol Autism 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 30559955 PMCID: PMC6293525 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Animal models for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) generally rely on a single genetic mutation on a fixed genetic background. Recent human genetic studies however indicate that a clinical diagnosis with ASDAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is almost always associated with multiple genetic fore- and background changes. The translational value of animal model studies would be greatly enhanced if genetic insults could be studied in a more quantitative framework across genetic backgrounds. Methods We used the Collaborative Cross (CC), a novel mouse genetic reference population, to investigate the quantitative genetic architecture of mouse behavioral phenotypes commonly used in animal models for NDD. Results Classical tests of social recognition and grooming phenotypes appeared insufficient for quantitative studies due to genetic dilution and limited heritability. In contrast, digging, locomotor activity, and stereotyped exploratory patterns were characterized by continuous distribution across our CC sample and also mapped to quantitative trait loci containing genes associated with corresponding phenotypes in human populations. Conclusions These findings show that the CC can move animal model studies beyond comparative single gene-single background designs, and point out which type of behavioral phenotypes are most suitable to quantify the effect of developmental etiologies across multiple genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T. Molenhuis
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilgo Bruining
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Myrna J. V. Brandt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. van Soldt
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanifa J. Abu-Toamih Atamni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J. Peter H. Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard F. Mott
- Genetics Institute, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Martien J. H. Kas
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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28
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Pasińska M, Łazarczyk E, Jułga K, Bartnik-Głaska M, Nowakowska B, Haus O. Multiple occurrence of psychomotor retardation and recurrent miscarriages in a family with a submicroscopic reciprocal translocation t(7;17)(p22;p13.2). BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:69. [PMID: 30126420 PMCID: PMC6102823 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Balanced reciprocal chromosomal translocations (RCTs) are the ones of the most common structural aberrations in the population, with an incidence of 1:625. RCT carriers usually do not demonstrate changes in phenotype, except when the translocation results in gene interruption. However, these people are at risk of production of unbalanced gametes during meiosis, as a result of various forms of chromosome segregation. This may cause infertility, non-implantation of the embryo, shorter embryo or foetus survival, as well as congenital defects and developmental disorders in children after birth. The increasing popularity of cytogenetic molecular techniques, such as microarray-based CGH (aCGH), contributed to the improved detection of chromosomal abnormalities in patients with intellectual disability, however, these modern techniques do not allow the identification of the balanced in potential carriers. Therefore, classical chromosome analysis with GTG technique still plays an important role in the identification of balanced rearrangements in every case of procreation failure. Case presentation In this article, a family with multiple occurrences of 17p13.3 duplication syndrome in the offspring and multiple miscarriages resulting from carrying of the balanced reciprocal translocation t(7;17)(p22;p13.2) by proband father is presented. The aCGH diagnostics allowed the identification of an unbalanced fragment responsible for the occurrence of clinical signs in the female patient, while karyotyping and FISH using specific probes allowed the localization of the additional material in the patient chromosomes, and identified the type of this translocation in the carriers. Conclusions Identification of a balanced structural aberration in one of the partners allows direct diagnostics for the exclusion or confirmation of genetic imbalance in the foetus via traditional invasive prenatal diagnostics. It is also possible to use an alternative method, Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) after in vitro fertilization, which prevents initiating pregnancy if genetic imbalance is detected in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pasińska
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Skłodowskiej - Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Łazarczyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Skłodowskiej - Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jułga
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Skłodowskiej - Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bartnik-Głaska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17A, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Haus
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Skłodowskiej - Curie 9, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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29
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Lasser M, Tiber J, Lowery LA. The Role of the Microtubule Cytoskeleton in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:165. [PMID: 29962938 PMCID: PMC6010848 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons depend on the highly dynamic microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton for many different processes during early embryonic development including cell division and migration, intracellular trafficking and signal transduction, as well as proper axon guidance and synapse formation. The coordination and support from MTs is crucial for newly formed neurons to migrate appropriately in order to establish neural connections. Once connections are made, MTs provide structural integrity and support to maintain neural connectivity throughout development. Abnormalities in neural migration and connectivity due to genetic mutations of MT-associated proteins can lead to detrimental developmental defects. Growing evidence suggests that these mutations are associated with many different neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disabilities (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this review article, we highlight the crucial role of the MT cytoskeleton in the context of neurodevelopment and summarize genetic mutations of various MT related proteins that may underlie or contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Lasser
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Jessica Tiber
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Laura Anne Lowery
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
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30
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Farris N, Wu H, Said-Delgado S, Suskin B, Klugman S. 17p13.3 quadruplication: a prenatal and postpartum clinical characterization of a copy number variant. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2018; 4:mcs.a002196. [PMID: 29858378 PMCID: PMC5983170 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal genetic testing has advanced rapidly in the past decade. However, not all results, including variants, are well understood. We report the finding of a 2.5-Mb gene region quadruplication of Chromosome 17p13.3. This region is well characterized for the deletion leading to Miller–Dieker syndrome but has an unclear replication phenotype. Invasive testing performed after ultrasound abnormalities were seen revealed the quadruplication sequence as well as a short segment (850 kb) with x5 copy number variation. This region has previously been reported in a collection of duplications with shared phenotype; our quadruplication suggests similarities in phenotype. This raises the hypothesis of a potential spectrum or copy number variant–based phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Farris
- Children's Hospital Medical Center of Akron, Ohio 44308, USA
| | - Helena Wu
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Sara Said-Delgado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Bronx, New York 10457, USA
| | - Barrie Suskin
- Division of Reproductive and Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Susan Klugman
- Division of Reproductive and Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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31
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Abstract
Understanding the development of the human brain in relation with evolution is an important frontier field in developmental biology. In particular, investigating the mechanisms underlying the greatly increased relative size and complexity of the cerebral cortex, the seat of our enhanced cognitive abilities, remains a fascinating yet largely unsolved question. Though many advances in our understanding have been gained from the study of animal models, as well as human genetics and embryology, large gaps remain in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that control human cortical development. Interestingly, many aspects of corticogenesis can be recapitulated in vitro from mouse and human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), using a variety of experimental systems from 2D models to organoids to xenotransplantation. This has provided the opportunity to study these processes in an accessible and physiologically relevant setting. In this chapter, we will discuss how conserved and divergent features of primate/human corticogenesis can be modeled and studied mechanistically using PSC-based models of corticogenesis. We will also review what has been learned through these approaches about pathological defects of human corticogenesis, from early neurogenesis to late neuronal maturation and connectivity.
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32
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Karzbrun E, Kshirsagar A, Cohen SR, Hanna JH, Reiner O. Human Brain Organoids on a Chip Reveal the Physics of Folding. NATURE PHYSICS 2018; 14:515-522. [PMID: 29760764 PMCID: PMC5947782 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Human brain wrinkling has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and yet its origins remain unknown. Polymer gel models suggest that wrinkling emerges spontaneously due to compression forces arising during differential swelling, but these ideas have not been tested in a living system. Here, we report the appearance of surface wrinkles during the in vitro development and self-organization of human brain organoids in a micro-fabricated compartment that supports in situ imaging over a timescale of weeks. We observe the emergence of convolutions at a critical cell density and maximal nuclear strain, which are indicative of a mechanical instability. We identify two opposing forces contributing to differential growth: cytoskeletal contraction at the organoid core and cell-cycle-dependent nuclear expansion at the organoid perimeter. The wrinkling wavelength exhibits linear scaling with tissue thickness, consistent with balanced bending and stretching energies. Lissencephalic (smooth brain) organoids display reduced convolutions, modified scaling and a reduced elastic modulus. Although the mechanism here does not include the neuronal migration seen in in vivo, it models the physics of the folding brain remarkably well. Our on-chip approach offers a means for studying the emergent properties of organoid development, with implications for the embryonic human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Karzbrun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Aditya Kshirsagar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Sidney R Cohen
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Jacob H Hanna
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
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33
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Ex vivo mouse brain microscopy at 15T with loop-gap RF coil. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 51:1-6. [PMID: 29679634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The design of a loop-gap-resonator RF coil optimized for ex vivo mouse brain microscopy at ultra high fields is described and its properties characterized using simulations, phantoms and experimental scans of mouse brains fixed in 10% formalin containing 4 mM Magnevist™. The RF (B1) and magnetic field (B0) homogeneities are experimentally quantified and compared to electromagnetic simulations of the coil. The coil's performance is also compared to a similarly sized surface coil and found to yield double the sensitivity. A three-dimensional gradient-echo (GRE) sequence is used to acquire high resolution mouse brain scans at (47 μm)3 resolution in 1.8 h and a 20 × 20 × 19 μm3 resolution in 27 h. The high resolution obtained permitted clear visualization and identification of multiple structures in the ex vivo mouse brain and represents, to our knowledge, the highest resolution ever achieved for a whole mouse brain. Importantly, the coil design is simple and easy to construct.
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34
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Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Smith TH, Toyo-Oka K. Neurodevelopmental Genetic Diseases Associated With Microdeletions and Microduplications of Chromosome 17p13.3. Front Genet 2018; 9:80. [PMID: 29628935 PMCID: PMC5876250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17p13.3 is a region of genomic instability that is linked to different rare neurodevelopmental genetic diseases, depending on whether a deletion or duplication of the region has occurred. Chromosome microdeletions within 17p13.3 can result in either isolated lissencephaly sequence (ILS) or Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS). Both conditions are associated with a smooth cerebral cortex, or lissencephaly, which leads to developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures. However, patients with MDS have larger deletions than patients with ILS, resulting in additional symptoms such as poor muscle tone, congenital anomalies, abnormal spasticity, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. In contrast to microdeletions in 17p13.3, recent studies have attracted considerable attention to a condition known as a 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome. Depending on the genes involved in their microduplication, patients with 17p13.3 microduplication syndrome may be categorized into either class I or class II. Individuals in class I have microduplications of the YWHAE gene encoding 14-3-3ε, as well as other genes in the region. However, the PAFAH1B1 gene encoding LIS1 is never duplicated in these patients. Class I microduplications generally result in learning disabilities, autism, and developmental delays, among other disorders. Individuals in class II always have microduplications of the PAFAH1B1 gene, which may include YWHAE and other genetic microduplications. Class II microduplications generally result in smaller body size, developmental delays, microcephaly, and other brain malformations. Here, we review the phenotypes associated with copy number variations (CNVs) of chromosome 17p13.3 and detail their developmental connection to particular microdeletions or microduplications. We also focus on existing single and double knockout mouse models that have been used to study human phenotypes, since the highly limited number of patients makes a study of these conditions difficult in humans. These models are also crucial for the study of brain development at a mechanistic level since this cannot be accomplished in humans. Finally, we emphasize the usefulness of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and next generation sequencing in the study of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trevor H Smith
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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35
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Dwivedi D, Sharma M. Multiple Roles, Multiple Adaptors: Dynein During Cell Cycle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:13-30. [PMID: 30637687 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynein is an essential protein complex present in most eukaryotes that regulate biological processes ranging from ciliary beating, intracellular transport, to cell division. Elucidating the detailed mechanism of dynein function has been a challenging task owing to its large molecular weight and high complexity of the motor. With the advent of technologies in the last two decades, studies have uncovered a wealth of information about the structural, biochemical, and cell biological roles of this motor protein. Cytoplasmic dynein associates with dynactin through adaptor proteins to mediate retrograde transport of vesicles, mRNA, proteins, and organelles on the microtubule tracts. In a mitotic cell, dynein has multiple localizations, such as at the nuclear envelope, kinetochores, mitotic spindle and spindle poles, and cell cortex. In line with this, dynein regulates multiple events during the cell cycle, such as centrosome separation, nuclear envelope breakdown, spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation, chromosome segregation, and spindle positioning. Here, we provide an overview of dynein structure and function with focus on the roles played by this motor during different stages of the cell cycle. Further, we review in detail the role of dynactin and dynein adaptors that regulate both recruitment and activity of dynein during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devashish Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Mahak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
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36
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Iefremova V, Manikakis G, Krefft O, Jabali A, Weynans K, Wilkens R, Marsoner F, Brändl B, Müller FJ, Koch P, Ladewig J. An Organoid-Based Model of Cortical Development Identifies Non-Cell-Autonomous Defects in Wnt Signaling Contributing to Miller-Dieker Syndrome. Cell Rep 2017; 19:50-59. [PMID: 28380362 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Miller-Dieker syndrome (MDS) is caused by a heterozygous deletion of chromosome 17p13.3 involving the genes LIS1 and YWHAE (coding for 14.3.3ε) and leads to malformations during cortical development. Here, we used patient-specific forebrain-type organoids to investigate pathological changes associated with MDS. Patient-derived organoids are significantly reduced in size, a change accompanied by a switch from symmetric to asymmetric cell division of ventricular zone radial glia cells (vRGCs). Alterations in microtubule network organization in vRGCs and a disruption of cortical niche architecture, including altered expression of cell adhesion molecules, are also observed. These phenotypic changes lead to a non-cell-autonomous disturbance of the N-cadherin/β-catenin signaling axis. Reinstalling active β-catenin signaling rescues division modes and ameliorates growth defects. Our data define the role of LIS1 and 14.3.3ε in maintaining the cortical niche and highlight the utility of organoid-based systems for modeling complex cell-cell interactions in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vira Iefremova
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - George Manikakis
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Olivia Krefft
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ammar Jabali
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Kevin Weynans
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Ruven Wilkens
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Fabio Marsoner
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Björn Brändl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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37
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Schapira M, Tyers M, Torrent M, Arrowsmith CH. WD40 repeat domain proteins: a novel target class? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:773-786. [PMID: 29026209 PMCID: PMC5975957 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antagonism of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with small molecules is becoming more feasible as a therapeutic approach. Successful PPI inhibitors tend to target proteins containing deep peptide-binding grooves or pockets rather than the more common large, flat protein interaction surfaces. Here, we review one of the most abundant PPI domains in the human proteome, the WD40 repeat (WDR) domain, which has a central peptide-binding pocket and is a member of the β-propeller domain-containing protein family. Recently, two WDR domain-containing proteins, WDR5 and EED, as well as other β-propeller domains have been successfully targeted by potent, specific, cell-active, drug-like chemical probes. Could WDR domains be a novel target class for drug discovery? Although the research is at an early stage and therefore not clinically validated, cautious optimism is justified, as WDR domain-containing proteins are involved in multiple disease-associated pathways. The druggability and structural diversity of WDR domain binding pockets suggest that understanding how to target this prevalent domain class will open up areas of disease biology that have so far resisted drug discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Maricel Torrent
- Discovery Research, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
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38
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Enhanced expression of Pafah1b1 causes over-migration of cerebral cortical neurons into the marginal zone. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4283-4291. [PMID: 28836069 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of PAFAH1B1 cause classical lissencephaly in humans. In addition, duplications and triplications of PAFAH1B1 are found in individuals with intellectual disability and other neurological disorders suggesting that proper brain development is highly sensitive to the PAFAH1B1 dosage. To examine the effect of PAFAH1B1 over-dosage in neural development, especially in migration of neurons and layer formation during cerebral cortical development, we overexpressed Pafah1b1 in migrating neurons in the mouse embryonic cortex using in utero electroporation. Enhanced expression of Pafah1b1 in radially-migrating neurons resulted in their over-migration into the marginal zone. Neurons that invaded the marginal zone were oriented abnormally. Layer distribution of Pafaha1b1-overexpressing neurons shifted more superficially than control neurons. Some of the Pafaha1b1-overexpressing future layer 4 neurons changed their positions to layers 2/3. Furthermore, they also changed their layer marker expression from layer 4 to layers 2/3. These results suggest that overexpression of Pafah1b1 affects the migration of neurons and disrupts layer formation in the developing cerebral cortex, and further support the idea that appropriate dosage of Pafah1b1 is crucial for the proper development of the brain.
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39
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Dinday MT, Girskis KM, Lee S, Baraban SC, Hunt RF. PAFAH1B1 haploinsufficiency disrupts GABA neurons and synaptic E/I balance in the dentate gyrus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8269. [PMID: 28811646 PMCID: PMC5557934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08809-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemizygous mutations in the human gene encoding platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit alpha (Pafah1b1), also called Lissencephaly-1, can cause classical lissencephaly, a severe malformation of cortical development. Children with this disorder suffer from deficits in neuronal migration, severe intellectual disability, intractable epilepsy and early death. While many of these features can be reproduced in Pafah1b1+/- mice, the impact of Pafah1b1+/- on the function of individual subpopulations of neurons and ultimately brain circuits is largely unknown. Here, we show tangential migration of young GABAergic interneurons into the developing hippocampus is slowed in Pafah1b1+/- mice. Mutant mice had a decreased density of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive interneurons in dentate gyrus, but no change in density of calretinin interneurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory synaptic inputs onto granule cells of Pafah1b1+/- mice. Mutant animals developed spontaneous electrographic seizures, as well as long-term deficits in contextual memory. Our findings provide evidence of a dramatic shift in excitability in the dentate gyrus of Pafah1b1+/- mice that may contribute to epilepsy or cognitive impairments associated with lissencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dinday
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kelly M Girskis
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| | - Scott C Baraban
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, California, USA.
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40
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Ma R, Deng L, Xia Y, Wei X, Cao Y, Guo R, Zhang R, Guo J, Liang D, Wu L. A clear bias in parental origin of de novo pathogenic CNVs related to intellectual disability, developmental delay and multiple congenital anomalies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44446. [PMID: 28322228 PMCID: PMC5359547 DOI: 10.1038/srep44446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variation (CNV) is of great significance in human evolution and disorders. Through tracing the parent-of-origin of de novo pathogenic CNVs, we are expected to investigate the relative contributions of germline genomic stability on reproductive health. In our study, short tandem repeat (STR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were used to determine the parent-of-origin of 87 de novo pathogenic CNVs found in unrelated patients with intellectual disability (ID), developmental delay (DD) and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). The results shown that there was a significant difference on the distribution of the parent-of-origin for different CNVs types (Chi-square test, p = 4.914 × 10−3). An apparently paternal bias existed in deletion CNVs and a maternal bias in duplication CNVs, indicating that the relative contribution of paternal germline variations is greater than that of maternal to the origin of deletions, and vice versa to the origin of duplications. By analyzing the sequences flanking the breakpoints, we also confirmed that non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) served as the major mechanism for the formation of recurrent CNVs whereas non-SDs-based mechanisms played a part in generating rare non-recurrent CNVs and might relate to the paternal germline bias in deletion CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Linbei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xianda Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yingxi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Ruolan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Lingqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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41
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Chromosome 17p13.3 microdeletion syndrome with unaltered PAFAH1B1 gene. Neurologia 2016; 34:482-484. [PMID: 27939114 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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42
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Lara-Pezzi E, Desco M, Gatto A, Gómez-Gaviro MV. Neurogenesis: Regulation by Alternative Splicing and Related Posttranscriptional Processes. Neuroscientist 2016; 23:466-477. [PMID: 27837180 DOI: 10.1177/1073858416678604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the mammalian brain requires highly specialized protein function and diversity. As neurons differentiate and the neuronal circuitry is established, several mRNAs undergo alternative splicing and other posttranscriptional changes that expand the variety of protein isoforms produced. Recent advances are beginning to shed light on the molecular mechanisms that regulate isoform switching during neurogenesis and the role played by specific RNA binding proteins in this process. Neurogenesis and neuronal wiring were recently shown to also be regulated by RNA degradation through nonsense-mediated decay. An additional layer of regulatory complexity in these biological processes is the interplay between alternative splicing and long noncoding RNAs. Dysregulation of posttranscriptional regulation results in defective neuronal differentiation and/or synaptic connections that lead to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- 1 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,2 National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Desco
- 3 Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,4 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Gatto
- 1 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- 3 Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,4 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Henry RK, Astbury C, Stratakis CA, Hickey SE. 17p13.3 microduplication including CRK leads to overgrowth and elevated growth factors: A case report. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:512-6. [PMID: 27633569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
17p13.3 microduplications classified as class I duplications involving YWHAE but not PAFAH1B1 (formerly LIS1) and class II duplications which extend to involve PAFAH1B1, are associated with diverse phenotypes including intellectual disability and structural brain malformations. We report a girl with an approximately 1.58 Mb apparently terminal gain of 17p13.3, which contains more than 20 genes including the YWHAE and CRK genes (OMIM: 164762). She had increased growth factors accompanied by pathologic tall stature. In addition to these, she developed central precocious puberty at 7 years old. In individuals with class I 17p13.3 microduplications including CRK, we recommend biochemical evaluation of the growth hormone axis. Providers caring for these patients should be aware of their possible risk for the development of central precocious puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan K Henry
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Caroline Astbury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Constantine A Stratakis
- Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Division of Molecular & Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
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44
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Sharma P, Gupta N, Chowdhury MR, Sapra S, Ghosh M, Gulati S, Kabra M. Application of chromosomal microarrays in the evaluation of intellectual disability/global developmental delay patients – A study from a tertiary care genetic centre in India. Gene 2016; 590:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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45
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Kubota T. Epigenetic alterations induced by environmental stress associated with metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw017. [PMID: 29492297 PMCID: PMC5804531 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is a gene regulation mechanism that does not depend on genomic DNA sequences but depends on chemical modification of genomic DNA and histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped. The failure of epigenetic mechanisms is known to cause various congenital disorders. It is also known that the failures of epigenetic mechanisms causes various acquired disorders since epigenetic modifications of the genome (i.e., "epigenome") are more vulnerable to environmental stress, such as malnutrition, environmental chemicals, and mental stress, than the "genome," especially during the early period of life. However, the epigenome has a reversible property since it is based on removable residues on genomic DNA. Thus, environmentally induced epigenomic alterations can be potentially restored. In fact, some medicines, especially for psychiatric diseases, are known to restore an altered epigenome, resulting in the correction of gene expression. Several lines of evidence suggest that environmentally induced epigenomic alterations are not erased completely during gametogenesis, but are transmitted to subsequent generations with disease phenotypes. In accordance with these understandings, I would like to propose the development of epigenomic-based preemptive medicine that consists of the early detection of the developmental origins of diseases using epigenomic signatures and the early intervention that take advantages of the use of epigenomic reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Kubota
- Department of Epigenetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
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46
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Carvalho CMB, Lupski JR. Mechanisms underlying structural variant formation in genomic disorders. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17:224-38. [PMID: 26924765 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the recent burst of technological developments in genomics, and the clinical implementation of genome-wide assays, our understanding of the molecular basis of genomic disorders, specifically the contribution of structural variation to disease burden, is evolving quickly. Ongoing studies have revealed a ubiquitous role for genome architecture in the formation of structural variants at a given locus, both in DNA recombination-based processes and in replication-based processes. These reports showcase the influence of repeat sequences on genomic stability and structural variant complexity and also highlight the tremendous plasticity and dynamic nature of our genome in evolution, health and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, MG 30190-002, Brazil
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Gu S, Posey JE, Yuan B, Carvalho CMB, Luk HM, Erikson K, Lo IFM, Leung GKC, Pickering CR, Chung BHY, Lupski JR. Mechanisms for the Generation of Two Quadruplications Associated with Split-Hand Malformation. Hum Mutat 2015; 37:160-4. [PMID: 26549411 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Germline copy-number variants (CNVs) involving quadruplications are rare and the mechanisms generating them are largely unknown. Previously, we reported a 20-week gestation fetus with split-hand malformation; clinical microarray detected two maternally inherited triplications separated by a copy-number neutral region at 17p13.3, involving BHLHA9 and part of YWHAE. Here, we describe an 18-month-old male sibling of the previously described fetus with split-hand malformation. Custom high-density microarray and digital droplet PCR revealed the copy-number gains were actually quadruplications in the mother, the fetus, and her later born son. This quadruplication-normal-quadruplication pattern was shown to be expanded from the triplication-normal-triplication CNV at the same loci in the maternal grandmother. We mapped two breakpoint junctions and demonstrated that both are mediated by Alu repetitive elements and identical in these four individuals. We propose a three-step process combining Alu-mediated replicative-repair-based mechanism(s) and intergenerational, intrachromosomal nonallelic homologous recombination to generate the quadruplications in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Gu
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Claudia M B Carvalho
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - H M Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Erikson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Ivan F M Lo
- Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gordon K C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Brian H Y Chung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, 77030
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48
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Vagnoni A, Hoffmann PC, Bullock SL. Reducing Lissencephaly-1 levels augments mitochondrial transport and has a protective effect in adult Drosophila neurons. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:178-90. [PMID: 26598558 PMCID: PMC4732301 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective transport of mitochondria in axons is implicated in the pathogenesis of several age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. However, the regulation and function of axonal mitochondrial motility during normal ageing is poorly understood. Here, we use novel imaging procedures to characterise axonal transport of these organelles in the adult Drosophila wing nerve. During early adult life there is a boost and progressive decline in the proportion of mitochondria that are motile, which is not due to general changes in cargo transport. Experimental inhibition of the mitochondrial transport machinery specifically in adulthood accelerates the appearance of focal protein accumulations in ageing axons, which is suggestive of defects in protein homeostasis. Unexpectedly, lowering levels of Lissencephaly-1 (Lis1), a dynein motor co-factor, augments axonal mitochondrial transport in ageing wing neurons. Lis1 mutations suppress focal protein accumulations in ageing neurons, including those caused by interfering with the mitochondrial transport machinery. Our data provide new insights into the dynamics of mitochondrial motility in adult neurons in vivo, identify Lis1 as a negative regulator of transport of these organelles, and provide evidence of a link between mitochondrial movement and neuronal protein homeostasis. Summary: Novel imaging procedures in the adult Drosophila wing reveal that Lissencephaly-1 restrains mitochondrial motion and that reducing levels of this protein protects against an age-related decline in protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Vagnoni
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Patrick C Hoffmann
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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49
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Reiner O, Karzbrun E, Kshirsagar A, Kaibuchi K. Regulation of neuronal migration, an emerging topic in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurochem 2015; 136:440-56. [PMID: 26485324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) encompass a group of neurodevelopmental diseases that demonstrate strong heritability, however, the inheritance is not simple and many genes have been associated with these disorders. ASD is regarded as a neurodevelopmental disorder, and abnormalities at different developmental stages are part of the disease etiology. This review provides a general background on neuronal migration during brain development and discusses recent advancements in the field connecting ASD and aberrant neuronal migration. We propose that neuronal migration impairment may be an important common pathophysiology in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This review provides a general background on neuronal migration during brain development and discusses recent advancements in the field connecting ASD and aberrant neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal Karzbrun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aditya Kshirsagar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa, Nagoya, Japan
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50
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Johnstone M, Maclean A, Heyrman L, Lenaerts AS, Nordin A, Nilsson LG, De Rijk P, Goossens D, Adolfsson R, St Clair DM, Hall J, Lawrie SM, McIntosh AM, Del-Favero J, Blackwood DHR, Pickard BS. Copy Number Variations in DISC1 and DISC1-Interacting Partners in Major Mental Illness. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2015; 1:175-190. [PMID: 27239468 PMCID: PMC4872463 DOI: 10.1159/000438788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust statistical, genetic and functional evidence supports a role for DISC1 in the aetiology of major mental illness. Furthermore, many of its protein-binding partners show evidence for involvement in the pathophysiology of a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Copy number variants (CNVs) are suspected to play an important causal role in these disorders. In this study, CNV analysis of DISC1 and its binding partners PAFAH1B1, NDE1, NDEL1, FEZ1, MAP1A, CIT and PDE4B in Scottish and Northern Swedish population-based samples was carried out using multiplex amplicon quantification. Here, we report the finding of rare CNVs in DISC1, NDE1 (together with adjacent genes within the 16p13.11 duplication), NDEL1 (including the overlapping MYH10 gene) and CIT. Our findings provide further evidence for involvement of DISC1 and its interaction partners in neuropsychiatric disorders and also for a role of structural variants in the aetiology of these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Johnstone
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Medical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Maclean
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Medical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lien Heyrman
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An-Sofie Lenaerts
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annelie Nordin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Peter De Rijk
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk Goossens
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rolf Adolfsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David M St Clair
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jurgen Del-Favero
- Applied Molecular Genomics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Douglas H R Blackwood
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Medical Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benjamin S Pickard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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