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Perez DH, Antfolk D, Bustos XE, Medina E, Chang S, Ramadan AA, Rodriguez PC, Gonzalez-Perez D, Abate-Daga D, Luca VC. Engineering synthetic agonists for targeted activation of Notch signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606897. [PMID: 39149362 PMCID: PMC11326249 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates cell fate decisions and has context-dependent tumorigenic or tumor suppressor functions. Although there are several classes of Notch inhibitors, the mechanical force requirement for Notch receptor activation has hindered attempts to generate soluble agonists. To address this problem, we engineered synthetic Notch agonist (SNAG) proteins by tethering affinity-matured Notch ligands to antibodies or cytokines that internalize their targets. This bispecific format enables SNAGs to "pull" on mechanosensitive Notch receptors, triggering their activation in the presence of a desired biomarker. We successfully developed SNAGs targeting six independent surface markers, including the tumor antigens PDL1, CD19, and HER2, and the immunostimulatory receptor CD40. SNAGs targeting CD40 increase expansion of central memory γδ T cells from peripheral blood, highlighting their potential to improve the phenotype and yield of low-abundance T cell subsets. These insights have broad implications for the pharmacological activation of mechanoreceptors and will expand our ability to modulate Notch signaling in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Perez
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Xiomar E. Bustos
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Elliot Medina
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Shiun Chang
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Ahmed A. Ramadan
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Vincent C. Luca
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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Law C, Pattathil N, Simpson H, Ward MJ, Lampen S, Kamath B, Aleman TS. Intraretinal hemorrhages and detailed retinal phenotype of three patients with Alagille syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:522-531. [PMID: 38956866 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2362214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore patterns of disease expression in Alagille syndrome (ALGS). METHODS Patients underwent ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, fundus intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA), perimetry and full-field electroretinograms (ffERGs). An adult ALGS patient had multimodal imaging and specialized perimetry. RESULTS The proband (P1) had a heterozygous pathogenic variant in JAG1; (p.Gln410Ter) and was incidentally diagnosed at age 7 with a superficial retinal hemorrhage, vascular tortuosity, and midperipheral pigmentary changes. The hemorrhage recurred 15 months later. Her monozygotic twin sister (P2) had a retinal hemorrhage at the same location at age 11. Visual acuities for both patients were 20/30 in each eye. IVFA was normal. OCT showed thinning of the outer nuclear in the peripapillary retina. A ffERG showed normal cone-mediated responses in P1 (rod-mediated ERGs not documented), normal ffERGs in P2. Coagulation and liver function were normal. An unrelated 42-year-old woman with a de-novo pathogenic variant (p. Gly386Arg) in JAG1 showed a similar pigmentary retinopathy and hepatic vascular anomalies; rod and cone function was normal across large expanses of structurally normal retina that sharply transitioned to a blind atrophic peripheral retina. CONCLUSION Nearly identical recurrent intraretinal hemorrhages in monozygotic twins with ALGS suggest a shared subclinical microvascular abnormality. We hypothesize that the presence of large areas of functionally and structurally intact retina surrounded by severe chorioretinal degeneration, is against a predominant involvement of JAG1 in the function of the neurosensory retina, and that instead, primary abnormalities of chorioretinal vascular development and/or homeostasis may drive the peculiar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Law
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | | | - Hailey Simpson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Canada
| | - Michael J Ward
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, Chester County Hospital and Chester County Eye Care Associates, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shaun Lampen
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Binita Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sick Kids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas S Aleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Gupta V, Sehrawat TS, Pinzani M, Strazzabosco M. Portal Fibrosis and the Ductular Reaction: Pathophysiological Role in the Progression of Liver Disease and Translational Opportunities. Gastroenterology 2024:S0016-5085(24)05455-6. [PMID: 39251168 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A consistent feature of chronic liver diseases and the hallmark of pathologic repair is the so-called "ductular reaction." This is a histologic abnormality characterized by an expansion of dysmorphic cholangiocytes inside and around portal spaces infiltrated by inflammatory, mesenchymal, and vascular cells. The ductular reaction is a highly regulated response based on the reactivation of morphogenetic signaling mechanisms and a complex crosstalk among a multitude of cell types. The nature and mechanism of these exchanges determine the difference between healthy regenerative liver repair and pathologic repair. An orchestrated signaling among cell types directs mesenchymal cells to deposit a specific extracellular matrix with distinct physical and biochemical properties defined as portal fibrosis. Progression of fibrosis leads to vast architectural and vascular changes known as "liver cirrhosis." The signals regulating the ecology of this microenvironment are just beginning to be addressed. Contrary to the tumor microenvironment, immune modulation inside this "benign" microenvironment is scarcely known. One of the reasons for this is that both the ductular reaction and portal fibrosis have been primarily considered a manifestation of cholestatic liver disease, whereas this phenomenon is also present, albeit with distinctive features, in all chronic human liver diseases. Novel human-derived cellular models and progress in "omics" technologies are increasing our knowledge at a fast pace. Most importantly, this knowledge is on the edge of generating new diagnostic and therapeutic advances. Here, we will critically review the latest advances, in terms of mechanisms, pathophysiology, and treatment prospects. In addition, we will delineate future avenues of research, including innovative translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gupta
- Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- University College London Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver Center and Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Tourigny DS, Altieri B, Secener KA, Sbiera S, Schauer MP, Arampatzi P, Herterich S, Sauer S, Fassnacht M, Ronchi CL. Cellular landscape of adrenocortical carcinoma at single-nuclei resolution. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112272. [PMID: 38759836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare yet devastating tumour of the adrenal gland with a molecular pathology that remains incompletely understood. To gain novel insights into the cellular landscape of ACC, we generated single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data sets from twelve ACC tumour samples and analysed these alongside snRNA-seq data sets from normal adrenal glands (NAGs). We find the ACC tumour microenvironment to be relatively devoid of immune cells compared to NAG tissues, consistent with known high tumour purity values for ACC as an immunologically "cold" tumour. Our analysis identifies three separate groups of ACC samples that are characterised by different relative compositions of adrenocortical cell types. These include cell populations that are specifically enriched in the most clinically aggressive and hormonally active tumours, displaying hallmarks of reorganised cell mechanobiology and dysregulated steroidogenesis, respectively. We also identified and validated a population of mitotically active adrenocortical cells that strongly overexpress genes POLQ, DIAPH3 and EZH2 to support tumour expansion alongside an LGR4+ progenitor-like or cell-of-origin candidate for adrenocortical carcinogenesis. Trajectory inference suggests the fate adopted by malignant adrenocortical cells upon differentiation is associated with the copy number or allelic balance state of the imprinted DLK1/MEG3 genomic locus, which we verified by assessing bulk tumour DNA methylation status. In conclusion, our results therefore provide new insights into the clinical and cellular heterogeneity of ACC, revealing how genetic perturbations to healthy adrenocortical renewal and zonation provide a molecular basis for disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Tourigny
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Kerim A Secener
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Marc P Schauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany; Center for Cellular Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Herterich
- Central Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism (CEDAM), Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
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Reis LM, Seese SE, Costakos D, Semina EV. Congenital anterior segment ocular disorders: Genotype-phenotype correlations and emerging novel mechanisms. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101288. [PMID: 39097141 PMCID: PMC11392650 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Development of the anterior segment of the eye requires reciprocal sequential interactions between the arising tissues, facilitated by numerous genetic factors. Disruption of any of these processes results in congenital anomalies in the affected tissue(s) leading to anterior segment disorders (ASD) including aniridia, Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly, congenital corneal opacities (Peters anomaly, cornea plana, congenital primary aphakia), and primary congenital glaucoma. Current understanding of the genetic factors involved in ASD remains incomplete, with approximately 50% overall receiving a genetic diagnosis. While some genes are strongly associated with a specific clinical diagnosis, the majority of known factors are linked with highly variable phenotypic presentations, with pathogenic variants in FOXC1, CYP1B1, and PITX2 associated with the broadest spectrum of ASD conditions. This review discusses typical clinical presentations including associated systemic features of various forms of ASD; the latest functional data and genotype-phenotype correlations related to 25 ASD factors including newly identified genes; promising novel candidates; and current and emerging treatments for these complex conditions. Recent developments of interest in the genetics of ASD include identification of phenotypic expansions for several factors, discovery of multiple modes of inheritance for some genes, and novel mechanisms including a growing number of non-coding variants and alleles affecting specific domains/residues and requiring further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Sarah E Seese
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Deborah Costakos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Farina R, Garofalo A, Valerio Foti P, Inì C, Motta C, Galioto S, Clemenza M, Ilardi A, Gavazzi L, Grippaldi D, D'Urso M, Basile A. Alagille syndrome with unusual common bile duct hypoplasia and gallbladder dysmorphism: Lesson based on a case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:4082-4086. [PMID: 39104448 PMCID: PMC11298873 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome is an autosomal dominant and multisystemic disease that generally manifests itself with intrahepatic bile ducts paucity, chronic cholestasis, xanthomas and with other less frequent clinical manifestations such as congenital heart disease, skeletal abnomalies, ophthalmic, vascular, renal and growth failure. Symptoms can be subclinical or very severe. Is caused by various genetic mutations and the majority of patients have a detectable mutation in JAG1 (90%), the remainder have mutations in NOTCH2. The diagnosis is molecular and the incidence is approximately 1 in 30,000 - 50.000. Patient management can be very complex and treatment depends on the district affected and on the symptoms. In more serious cases, with terminal liver disease, liver transplantation is used. We describe a case with main bile duct hypoplasia, intrahepatic bile ducts paucity, cholestasis and gallbladder dimorphism associated with renal malrotation and butterfly vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Alfredo Garofalo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro Valerio Foti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Inì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Motta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Galioto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Mariangela Clemenza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Ilardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Livio Gavazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Grippaldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Mattia D'Urso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Basile
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”. University of Catania, Italy
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7
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Yan J, Huang Y, Cao L, Dong Y, Xu Z, Wang F, Gao Y, Feng D, Zhang M. Clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of 17 unrelated children with Alagille Syndrome. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:532. [PMID: 39164659 PMCID: PMC11334458 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem genetic disorder frequently characterized by hepatic manifestations. This study analyzed the clinical, pathological, and molecular genetic features of ALGS to improve the efficiency of clinical diagnosis. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, pathological examination findings, and genetic testing results of 17 children diagnosed with ALGS based on the revised criteria and hospitalized at our center from January 2012 to January 2022. RESULTS The clinical manifestations are as follows: Cholestasis (16/17, 94%), characteristic facies (15/17, 88%), heart disease (12/16, 75%), butterfly vertebrae (12/17, 71%) and posterior embryotoxon (7/12, 58%). Among the 15 patients who underwent liver pathology examination, 13 (87%) were found to have varying degrees of bile duct paucity. Genetic testing was performed on 15 children, and pathogenic variants of the jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 (JAG1) gene were identified in 13 individuals, including 4 novel variants. No pathogenic variant in the notch homolog 2 (NOTCH2) gene were identified, and 2 children exhibited none of the aforementioned gene pathogenic variants. The median follow-up duration was 7 years. Of the remaining 15 patients (excluding 2 lost to follow-up), 11 remained stable, 4 deteriorated, and no patient died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Among children diagnosed with ALGS, cholestasis stands as the most common feature. To minimize the risk of misdiagnosis, genetic testing should be performed on children exhibiting cholestasis, followed by the application of the revised diagnostic criteria for ALGS. While pharmacological therapy has shown effectiveness for ALGS patients, liver transplantation may be considered in instances of severe pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Yan
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzhi Huang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchuan Wang
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Gao
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Feng
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Liver Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Gilbert MA, Keefer-Jacques E, Jadhav T, Antfolk D, Ming Q, Valente N, Shaw GTW, Sottolano CJ, Matwijec G, Luca VC, Loomes KM, Rajagopalan R, Hayeck TJ, Spinner NB. Functional characterization of 2,832 JAG1 variants supports reclassification for Alagille syndrome and improves guidance for clinical variant interpretation. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1656-1672. [PMID: 39043182 PMCID: PMC11339624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the JAG1 gene are a primary cause of the multi-system disorder Alagille syndrome. Although variant detection rates are high for this disease, there is uncertainty associated with the classification of missense variants that leads to reduced diagnostic yield. Consequently, up to 85% of reported JAG1 missense variants have uncertain or conflicting classifications. We generated a library of 2,832 JAG1 nucleotide variants within exons 1-7, a region with a high number of reported missense variants, and designed a high-throughput assay to measure JAG1 membrane expression, a requirement for normal function. After calibration using a set of 175 known or predicted pathogenic and benign variants included within the variant library, 486 variants were characterized as functionally abnormal (n = 277 abnormal and n = 209 likely abnormal), of which 439 (90.3%) were missense. We identified divergent membrane expression occurring at specific residues, indicating that loss of the wild-type residue itself does not drive pathogenicity, a finding supported by structural modeling data and with broad implications for clinical variant classification both for Alagille syndrome and globally across other disease genes. Of 144 uncertain variants reported in patients undergoing clinical or research testing, 27 had functionally abnormal membrane expression, and inclusion of our data resulted in the reclassification of 26 to likely pathogenic. Functional evidence augments the classification of genomic variants, reducing uncertainty and improving diagnostics. Inclusion of this repository of functional evidence during JAG1 variant reclassification will significantly affect resolution of variant pathogenicity, making a critical impact on the molecular diagnosis of Alagille syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Gilbert
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ernest Keefer-Jacques
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tanaya Jadhav
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Qianqian Ming
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicolette Valente
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace Tzun-Wen Shaw
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher J Sottolano
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace Matwijec
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vincent C Luca
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kathleen M Loomes
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tristan J Hayeck
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy B Spinner
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Liu S, Cheng C, Zhu L, Zhao T, Wang Z, Yi X, Yan F, Wang X, Li C, Cui T, Yang B. Liver organoids: updates on generation strategies and biomedical applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:244. [PMID: 39113154 PMCID: PMC11304926 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most important metabolic organ in the body. While mouse models and cell lines have further deepened our understanding of liver biology and related diseases, they are flawed in replicating key aspects of human liver tissue, particularly its complex structure and metabolic functions. The organoid model represents a major breakthrough in cell biology that revolutionized biomedical research. Organoids are in vitro three-dimensional (3D) physiological structures that recapitulate the morphological and functional characteristics of tissues in vivo, and have significant advantages over traditional cell culture methods. In this review, we discuss the generation strategies and current advances in the field focusing on their application in regenerative medicine, drug discovery and modeling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
| | | | - Liuyang Zhu
- First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
- Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
- Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
- Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Tao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300301, China.
- Research Unit for Drug Metabolism, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Zhao J, Yue P, Mi N, Li M, Fu W, Zhang X, Gao L, Bai M, Tian L, Jiang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Suzuki A, Wong PF, Tanaka K, Rerknimitr R, Junger HH, Cheung TT, Melloul E, Demartines N, Leung JW, Yao J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Schlitt HJ, Meng W. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:326-365. [PMID: 39135601 PMCID: PMC11317084 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Matu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peng F. Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tan T. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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11
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Raab M, Christodoulou E, Krishnankutty R, Gradinaru A, Walker AD, Olaizola P, Younger NT, Lyons AM, Jarman EJ, Gournopanos K, von Kriegsheim A, Waddell SH, Boulter L. Van Gogh-like 2 is essential for the architectural patterning of the mammalian biliary tree. J Hepatol 2024; 81:108-119. [PMID: 38460794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the developing liver, bipotent epithelial progenitor cells undergo lineage segregation to form hepatocytes, which constitute the bulk of the liver parenchyma, and biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), which comprise the bile duct (a complex tubular network that is critical for normal liver function). Notch and TGFβ signalling promote the formation of a sheet of biliary epithelial cells, the ductal plate, that organises into discontinuous tubular structures. How these structures elongate and connect to form a continuous duct remains undefined. We aimed to define the mechanisms by which the ductal plate transitions from a simple sheet of epithelial cells into a complex and connected bile duct. METHODS By combining single-cell RNA sequencing of embryonic mouse livers with genetic tools and organoid models we functionally dissected the role of planar cell polarity in duct patterning. RESULTS We show that the planar cell polarity protein VANGL2 is expressed late in intrahepatic bile duct development and patterns the formation of cell-cell contacts between biliary cells. The patterning of these cell contacts regulates the normal polarisation of the actin cytoskeleton within biliary cells and loss of Vangl2 function results in the abnormal distribution of cortical actin remodelling, leading to the failure of bile duct formation. CONCLUSIONS Planar cell polarity is a critical step in the post-specification sculpture of the bile duct and is essential for establishing normal tissue architecture. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Like other branched tissues, such as the lung and kidney, the bile ducts use planar cell polarity signalling to coordinate cell movements; however, how these biochemical signals are linked to ductular patterning remains unclear. Here we show that the core planar cell polarity protein VANGL2 patterns how cell-cell contacts form in the mammalian bile duct and how ductular cells transmit confluent mechanical changes along the length of a duct. This work sheds light on how biological tubes are patterned across mammalian tissues (including within the liver) and will be important in how we promote ductular growth in patients where the duct is mis-patterned or poorly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Raab
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ersi Christodoulou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Andreea Gradinaru
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Paula Olaizola
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - Edward Joseph Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | | | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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12
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Sachan N, Sharma V, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Notch signalling: multifaceted role in development and disease. FEBS J 2024; 291:3030-3059. [PMID: 37166442 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling system that operates to influence an astonishing array of cell fate decisions in different developmental contexts. Notch signalling plays important roles in many developmental processes, making it difficult to name a tissue or a developing organ that does not depend on Notch function at one stage or another. Thus, dysregulation of Notch signalling is associated with many developmental defects and various pathological conditions, including cancer. Although many recent advances have been made to reveal different aspects of the Notch signalling mechanism and its intricate regulation, there are still many unanswered questions related to how the Notch signalling pathway functions in so many developmental events. The same pathway can be deployed in numerous cellular contexts to play varied and critical roles in an organism's development and this is only possible because of the complex regulatory mechanisms of the pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway along with its multifaceted functions in different aspects of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalani Sachan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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13
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Tveriakhina L, Scanavachi G, Egan ED, Da Cunha Correia RB, Martin AP, Rogers JM, Yodh JS, Aster JC, Kirchhausen T, Blacklow SC. Temporal dynamics and stoichiometry in human Notch signaling from Notch synaptic complex formation to nuclear entry of the Notch intracellular domain. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1425-1438.e8. [PMID: 38574735 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian Notch signaling occurs when the binding of Delta or Jagged to Notch stimulates the proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which enters the nucleus to control target gene expression. To determine the temporal dynamics of events associated with Notch signaling under native conditions, we fluorescently tagged Notch and Delta at their endogenous genomic loci and visualized them upon pairing of receiver (Notch) and sender (Delta) cells as a function of time after cell contact. At contact sites, Notch and Delta immediately accumulated at 1:1 stoichiometry in synapses, which resolved by 15-20 min after contact. Synapse formation preceded the entrance of the Notch extracellular domain into the sender cell and accumulation of NICD in the nucleus of the receiver cell, which approached a maximum after ∼45 min and was prevented by chemical and genetic inhibitors of signaling. These findings directly link Notch-Delta synapse dynamics to NICD production with spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Tveriakhina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Scanavachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily D Egan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo Bango Da Cunha Correia
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre P Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia M Rogers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy S Yodh
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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14
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Liu J, Li Y, Andersson HC, Upadia J. Subtelomeric microdeletion in chromosome 20p13 associated with short stature. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8927. [PMID: 38863865 PMCID: PMC11164670 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Among the total 10 reported cases with 20p13 microdeletion, including our patient, it is notable that 50% of patients presented a height below the 3rd percentile. We suggest that short stature is among the most common manifestations in patients with 20p13 subtelomeric microdeletion. Abstract Chromosome 20p13 microdeletion occurs rarely, with only 10 reported cases. We report a 16-year-old male with a 1.59 Mb terminal deletion in chromosome 20p13, who presented with proportionate short stature, mild language delay, mild learning disability, and delayed puberty. The clinical phenotype associated with this deletion can exhibit clinical variability. Our patient deviates from the typical developmental and intellectual phenotype seen in the 20p13 deletion, instead displaying mild speech delay, short stature, and delayed puberty. The CSNK2A1 deletion, leading to haploinsufficiency, might be the potential mechanism. And the prominence of his proportionate short stature provides a unique perspective to review the existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Liu
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Y. Li
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - H. C. Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - J. Upadia
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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15
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Parambath S, Selvraj NR, Venugopal P, Aradhya R. Notch Signaling: An Emerging Paradigm in the Pathogenesis of Reproductive Disorders and Diverse Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5423. [PMID: 38791461 PMCID: PMC11121885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch pathway, a pillar of juxtacrine signaling, orchestrates intricate intercellular communication, governing diverse developmental and homeostatic processes through a tightly regulated cascade of proteolytic cleavages. This pathway, culminating in the migration of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) to the nucleus and the subsequent activation of downstream target genes, exerts a profound influence on a plethora of molecular processes, including cell cycle progression, lineage specification, cell-cell adhesion, and fate determination. Accumulating evidence underscores the pivotal role of Notch dysregulation, encompassing both gain and loss-of-function mutations, in the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases. This review delves deep into the multifaceted roles of Notch signaling in cellular dynamics, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, polarity maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tissue regeneration/remodeling, and its intricate interplay with other signaling pathways. We then focus on the emerging landscape of Notch aberrations in gynecological pathologies predisposing individuals to infertility. By highlighting the exquisite conservation of Notch signaling in Drosophila and its power as a model organism, we pave the way for further dissection of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions through targeted modulation of this master regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajaguru Aradhya
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam 690525, Kerala, India; (S.P.); (N.R.S.); (P.V.)
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16
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Wakasa K, Tamura R, Osaka S, Takei H, Asai A, Nittono H, Kusuhara H, Hayashi H. Rapid in vivo evaluation system for cholestasis-related genes in mice with humanized bile acid profiles. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0382. [PMID: 38517206 PMCID: PMC10962888 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases (Ped-CLD) comprise many ultrarare disorders with a genetic basis. Pharmacologic therapy for severe cases of Ped-CLD has not been established. Species differences in bile acid (BA) metabolism between humans and rodents contribute to the lack of phenocopy of patients with Ped-CLD in rodents and hinder the development of therapeutic strategies. We aimed to establish an efficient in vivo system to understand BA-related pathogenesis, such as Ped-CLD. METHODS We generated mice that express spCas9 specifically in the liver (L-Cas9Tg/Tg [liver-specific Cas9Tg/Tg] mice) and designed recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 encoding small-guide RNA (AAV8 sgRNA) targeting Abcc2, Abcb11, and Cyp2c70. In humans, ABCC2 and ABCB11 deficiencies cause constitutional hyperbilirubinemia and most severe Ped-CLD, respectively. Cyp2c70 encodes an enzyme responsible for the rodent-specific BA profile. Six-week-old L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice were injected with this AAV8 sgRNA and subjected to biochemical and histological analysis. RESULTS Fourteen days after the injection with AAV8 sgRNA targeting Abcc2, L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice exhibited jaundice and phenocopied patients with ABCC2 deficiency. L-Cas9Tg/Tg mice injected with AAV8 sgRNA targeting Abcb11 showed hepatomegaly and cholestasis without histological evidence of liver injury. Compared to Abcb11 alone, simultaneous injection of AAV8 sgRNA for Abcb11 and Cyp2c70 humanized the BA profile and caused higher transaminase levels and parenchymal necrosis, resembling phenotypes with ABCB11 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of concept for efficient in vivo assessment of cholestasis-related genes in humanized bile acid profiles. Our platform offers a more time- and cost-effective alternative to conventional genetically engineered mice, increasing our understanding of BA-related pathogenesis such as Ped-CLD and expanding the potential for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihiro Wakasa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Osaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asai
- Department of Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Herrera JL, Komatsu M. Akt3 activation by R-Ras in an endothelial cell enforces quiescence and barrier stability of neighboring endothelial cells via Jagged1. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113837. [PMID: 38402584 PMCID: PMC11056028 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication between adjacent endothelial cells is important for the homeostasis of blood vessels. We show that quiescent endothelial cells use Jagged1 to instruct neighboring endothelial cells to assume a quiescent phenotype and secure the endothelial barrier. This phenotype enforcement by neighboring cells is operated by R-Ras through activation of Akt3, which results in upregulation of a Notch ligand Jagged1 and consequential upregulation of Notch target genes, such as UNC5B, and VE-cadherin accumulation in the neighboring cells. These signaling events lead to the stable interaction between neighboring endothelial cells to continue to fortify juxtacrine signaling via Jagged1-Notch. This mode of intercellular signaling provides a positive feedback regulation of endothelial cell-cell interactions and cellular quiescence required for the stabilization of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Herrera
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, and Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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18
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Eiamkulbutr S, Tubjareon C, Sanpavat A, Phewplung T, Srisan N, Sintusek P. Diseases of bile duct in children. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1043-1072. [PMID: 38577180 PMCID: PMC10989494 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i9.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Several diseases originate from bile duct pathology. Despite studies on these diseases, certain etiologies of some of them still cannot be concluded. The most common disease of the bile duct in newborns is biliary atresia, whose prognosis varies according to the age of surgical correction. Other diseases such as Alagille syndrome, inspissated bile duct syndrome, and choledochal cysts are also time-sensitive because they can cause severe liver damage due to obstruction. The majority of these diseases present with cholestatic jaundice in the newborn or infant period, which is quite difficult to differentiate regarding clinical acumen and initial investigations. Intraoperative cholangiography is potentially necessary to make an accurate diagnosis, and further treatment will be performed synchronously or planned as findings suggest. This article provides a concise review of bile duct diseases, with interesting cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutha Eiamkulbutr
- Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chomchanat Tubjareon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anapat Sanpavat
- Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerasak Phewplung
- Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nimmita Srisan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Palittiya Sintusek
- Center of Excellence in Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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19
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Chi C, Roland TJ, Song K. Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling: Learning from Heart Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:337. [PMID: 38543122 PMCID: PMC10975450 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a pressing public health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is the first organ to gain function during embryogenesis in mammals. Heart development involves cell determination, expansion, migration, and crosstalk, which are orchestrated by numerous signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, TGF-β, IGF, and Retinoic acid signaling pathways. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platforms are emerging as promising approaches for modeling heart disease in vitro. Understanding the signaling pathways that are essential for cardiac development has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects and postnatal heart diseases, significantly advancing stem cell-based platforms to model heart diseases. This review summarizes signaling pathways that are crucial for heart development and discusses how these findings improve the strategies for modeling human heart disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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20
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Maddhesiya J, Mohapatra B. Understanding the Genetic and Non-Genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 2. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:167-178. [PMID: 38358608 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Approximately 30% of syndromic cases diagnosed with CHD, which lure us to further investigate the molecular and clinical challenges behind syndromic CHD (sCHD). The aetiology of sCHD in a majority of cases remains enigmatic due to involvement of multiple factors, namely genetic, epigenetic and environmental modifiable risk factors for the development of the disease. Here, we aim to update the role of genetic contributors including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations (CNVs) and single gene mutations in cardiac specific genes, maternal lifestyle conditions, environmental exposures and epigenetic modifiers in causing CHD in different genetic syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The exact aetiology of sCHD is still unknown. With the advancement of next-generation technologies including WGS, WES, transcriptome, proteome and methylome study, numerous novel genes and pathways have been identified. Moreover, our recent knowledge regarding epigenetic and environmental regulation during cardiogenesis is still evolving and may solve some of the mystery behind complex sCHD. Here, we focus to understand how the complex combination of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors interact to interfere with developmental pathways, culminating into cardiac and extracardiac defects in sCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maddhesiya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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21
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Iqbal A, Van Hul N, Belicova L, Corbat AA, Hankeova S, Andersson ER. Spatially segregated defects and IGF1-responsiveness of hilar and peripheral biliary organoids from a model of Alagille syndrome. Liver Int 2024; 44:541-558. [PMID: 38014627 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alagille syndrome (ALGS) manifests with peripheral intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) paucity, which can spontaneously resolve. In a model for ALGS, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, this occurs with distinct architectural mechanisms in hilar and peripheral IHBDs. Here, we investigated region-specific IHBD characteristics and addressed whether IGF1, a cholangiocyte mitogen that is downregulated in ALGS and in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, can improve biliary outcomes. METHODS Intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ICOs) were derived from hilar and peripheral adult Jag1+/+ and Jag1Ndr/Ndr livers (hICOs and pICOs, respectively). ICOs were grown in Matrigel or microwell arrays, and characterized using bulk RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and high throughput analyses of nuclear sizes. ICOs were treated with IGF1, followed by analyses of growth, proliferation, and death. CellProfiler and Python scripts were custom written for image analyses. Key results were validated in vivo by immunostaining. RESULTS Cell growth assays and transcriptomics demonstrated that Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs were less proliferative than Jag1+/+ ICOs. IGF1 specifically rescued survival and growth of Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs. Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs were the least proliferative, with lower Notch signalling and an enrichment of hepatocyte signatures and IGF uptake/transport pathways. In vitro (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hICOs) and in vivo (Jag1Ndr/Ndr hilar portal tracts) analyses revealed ectopic HNF4a+ hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Hilar and peripheral Jag1Ndr/Ndr ICOs exhibit differences in Notch signalling status, proliferation, and cholangiocyte commitment which may result in cholangiocyte-to-hepatocyte transdifferentiation. While Jag1Ndr/Ndr pICOs can be rescued by IGF1, hICOs are unresponsive, perhaps due to their hepatocyte-like state and/or expression of IGF transport components. IGF1 represents a potential therapeutic for peripheral bile ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Iqbal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noemi Van Hul
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lenka Belicova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agustin A Corbat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simona Hankeova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Sutton H, Karpen SJ, Kamath BM. Pediatric Cholestatic Diseases: Common and Unique Pathogenic Mechanisms. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:319-344. [PMID: 38265882 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-025623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cholestasis is the predominate feature of many pediatric hepatobiliary diseases. The physiologic flow of bile requires multiple complex processes working in concert. Bile acid (BA) synthesis and excretion, the formation and flow of bile, and the enterohepatic reuptake of BAs all function to maintain the circulation of BAs, a key molecule in lipid digestion, metabolic and cellular signaling, and, as discussed in the review, a crucial mediator in the pathogenesis of cholestasis. Disruption of one or several of these steps can result in the accumulation of toxic BAs in bile ducts and hepatocytes leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and, over time, biliary and hepatic cirrhosis. Biliary atresia, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and Alagille syndrome are four of the most common pediatric cholestatic conditions. Through understanding the commonalities and differences in these diseases, the important cellular mechanistic underpinnings of cholestasis can be greater appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Sutton
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Saul J Karpen
- Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Binita M Kamath
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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23
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Feng X, Ping J, Gao S, Han D, Song W, Li X, Tao Y, Wang L. Novel JAG1 variants leading to Alagille syndrome in two Chinese cases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1812. [PMID: 38245625 PMCID: PMC10799942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alagille Syndrome (ALGS) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by cholestasis, congenital cardiac anomalies, and butterfly vertebrae. The variable phenotypic expression of ALGS can lead to challenges in accurately diagnosing affected infants, potentially resulting in misdiagnoses or underdiagnoses. This study highlights novel JAG1 gene mutations in two cases of ALGS. The first case with a novel p.Pro325Leufs*87 variant was diagnosed at 2 months of age and exhibited a favorable prognosis and an unexpected manifestation of congenital hypothyroidism. Before the age of 2, the second patient was incorrectly diagnosed with liver structural abnormalities, necessitating extensive treatment. In addition, he exhibited delays in language acquisition that may have been a result of SNAP25 haploinsufficiency. The identification of ALGS remains challenging, highlighting the importance of early detection and genetic testing for effective patient management. The variant p.Pro325Leufs*87 is distinct from reported variants linked to congenital hypothyroidism in ALGS patients, thereby further confirming the clinical and genetic complexity of ALGS. This emphasizes the critical need for individualized and innovative approaches to diagnosis and medical interventions, uniquely intended to address the complexity of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiangyuan Ping
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Han
- Medical Genetic Center, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenxia Song
- Obstetrics Department, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoze Li
- Medical Genetic Center, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yilun Tao
- Medical Genetic Center, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
- Precision Medicine Research Division, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
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Jeyaraj R, Maher ER, Kelly D. Paediatric research sets new standards for therapy in paediatric and adult cholestasis. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2024; 8:75-84. [PMID: 38006895 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Children with Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) experience debilitating pruritus, for which there have been few effective treatment options. In the past 2 years, the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors maralixibat and odevixibat have been approved for the management of cholestatic pruritus in these individuals, representing an important step forward in improving their quality of life. Emerging data suggest these drugs might also improve event-free survival, therefore potentially altering the typical disease course currently seen in these disorders. This Review will discuss how genetic advances have clarified the molecular basis of cholestatic disorders, facilitating the development of new therapeutic options that have only been evaluated in children. We focus specifically on the newly licensed IBAT inhibitors for patients with Alagille syndrome and PFIC and explore the next steps for these drugs in relation to other paediatric and adult cholestatic disorders, recognising that they have the potential to benefit a wider group of patients with gastrointestinal and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jeyaraj
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deirdre Kelly
- The Liver Unit, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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25
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Wilsdon A, Loughna S. Human Genetics of Congenital Heart Defects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:57-75. [PMID: 38884704 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart diseases (or congenital heart defects/disorders; CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart and/or great vessels that are present at birth. CHDs include an extensive range of defects that may be minor and require no intervention or may be life-limiting and require complex surgery shortly after birth. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on the genetic causes of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilsdon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Clinical Geneticist at Nottingham Clinical Genetics Department, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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26
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Yoshihara M, Nakayama T, Takahashi S. Chromatin accessibility analysis suggested vascular induction of the biliary epithelium via the Notch signaling pathway in the human liver. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:379. [PMID: 38129911 PMCID: PMC10734141 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) in the liver originate from undifferentiated liver parenchymal cells (hepatoblasts) that are located adjacent to the portal vein. This differentiation process is driven by Notch signaling, which is recognized for generating salt-and-pepper (fine-grained) patterns, in contrast to one- or two-cell layer (spatially confined) patterning in cholangiocyte differentiation. It is unclear how Notch signaling acts and localizes only in cholangiocytes. A computer simulation study suggested that low production rates of the ligands or receptors of Notch signaling are crucial for the spatially confined patterning, although biochemical examination is lacking. Here, we analyzed a publicly available single-cell ATAC-sequencing dataset from human fetal liver samples. We showed high chromatin accessibility for the ligands only in vascular cells, while that for the receptor is limited to a small population of hepatoblasts. This finding strengthens the previously proposed idea that low production rates of the ligands or receptors of Notch signaling enable vascular induction of cholangiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Yoshihara
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nakayama
- College of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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27
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Chau E, Traylor KS, Branstetter BF. CT of the Larynx: Is an Additional High-Resolution Acquisition Necessary for Diagnostic Accuracy? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1421-1424. [PMID: 38050008 PMCID: PMC10714861 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diagnostic CT of the larynx is historically performed with a protocol that combines a standard neck CT with dedicated imaging through the larynx. Multichannel CT scanners, however, allow high-resolution reformatted images of the larynx to be created directly from the initial neck acquisition data. The purpose of this study was to determine whether reformatted laryngeal images derived from a standard neck CT acquisition provide information comparable with that of separate dedicated high-resolution laryngeal images. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CT protocol for suspected laryngeal masses at our institution consists of a standard neck acquisition followed by a second acquisition focused on the larynx. We enrolled 200 patients who had undergone this protocol for a suspected laryngeal mass. Two head and neck radiologists independently reviewed each of the 200 scans twice. In one session, the entire scan was available, while in the other session, only images derived from the standard neck acquisition were available. The main outcome variable was the frequency of discrepant tumor staging between the interpretation sessions. No pathologic reference standard was used. RESULTS Radiologist A had discrepant staging in 45 of the 200 scans (23%; 95% CI, 17%-29%). Radiologist B had discrepant staging in 42 of the 200 scans (21%; 95% CI, 16%-27%). Fifty-three of the 87 discrepancies (61%) reflected improper downstaging of the laryngeal tumor on standard images alone, while the other 34 (39%) had improper upstaging on standard images alone. CONCLUSIONS Reformatted images from our institution's standard neck CT acquisition were less accurate than dedicated images of the larynx for analysis of laryngeal tumor extension. Focused images of the larynx were needed to optimize interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Chau
- From the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katie S Traylor
- From the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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28
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Luna-Zurita L, Flores-Garza BG, Grivas D, Siguero-Álvarez M, de la Pompa JL. Cooperative Response to Endocardial Notch Reveals Interaction With Hippo Pathway. Circ Res 2023; 133:1022-1039. [PMID: 37961886 PMCID: PMC10699509 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocardium is a crucial signaling center for cardiac valve development and maturation. Genetic analysis has identified several human endocardial genes whose inactivation leads to bicuspid aortic valve formation and calcific aortic valve disease, but knowledge is very limited about the role played in valve development and disease by noncoding endocardial regulatory regions and upstream factors. METHODS We manipulated Notch signaling in mouse embryonic endocardial cells by short-term and long-term coculture with OP9 stromal cells expressing Notch ligands and inhibition of Notch activity. We examined the transcriptional profile and chromatin accessibility landscape for each condition, integrated transcriptomic, transcription factor occupancy, chromatin accessibility, and proteomic datasets. We generated in vitro and in vivo models with CRISPR-Cas9-edited deletions of various noncoding regulatory elements and validated their regulatory potential. RESULTS We identified primary and secondary transcriptional responses to Notch ligands in the mouse embryonic endocardium, and a NOTCH-dependent transcriptional signature in valve development and disease. By defining the changes in the chromatin accessibility landscape and integrating with the landscape in developing mouse endocardium and adult human valves, we identify potential noncoding regulatory elements, validated selected candidates, propose interacting cofactors, and define the timeframe of their regulatory activity. Additionally, we found cooperative transcriptional repression with Hippo pathway by inhibiting nuclear Yap (Yes-associated protein) activity in the endocardium during cardiac valve development. CONCLUSIONS Sequential Notch-dependent transcriptional regulation in the embryonic endocardium involves multiple factors. Notch activates certain noncoding elements through these factors and simultaneously suppresses elements that could hinder cardiac valve development and homeostasis. Biorxviv: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.03.23.533882v1.full.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Luna-Zurita
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Brenda Giselle Flores-Garza
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Grivas
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Developmental Biology, Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Greece (D.G.)
| | - Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Ciber CV, Madrid, Spain (L.L.-Z., B.G.F.-G., D.G., M.S.-A., J.L.d.l.P.)
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29
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Cheng K, Rosenthal P. Diagnosis and management of Alagille and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0314. [PMID: 38055640 PMCID: PMC10984671 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis are conditions that can affect multiple organs. Advancements in molecular testing have aided in the diagnosis of both. The impairment of normal bile flow and secretion leads to the various hepatic manifestations of these diseases. Medical management of Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis remains mostly targeted on supportive care focusing on quality of life, cholestasis, and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. The most difficult therapeutic issue is typically related to pruritus, which can be managed by various medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampin, cholestyramine, and antihistamines. Surgical operations were previously used to disrupt enterohepatic recirculation, but recent medical advancements in the use of ileal bile acid transport inhibitors have shown great efficacy for the treatment of pruritus in both Alagille syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip Rosenthal
- Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Niknejad N, Fox D, Burwinkel JL, Zarrin-Khameh N, Cho S, Soriano A, Cast AE, Lopez MF, Huppert KA, Rigo F, Huppert SS, Jafar-Nejad P, Jafar-Nejad H. ASO silencing of a glycosyltransferase, Poglut1 , improves the liver phenotypes in mouse models of Alagille syndrome. Hepatology 2023; 78:1337-1351. [PMID: 37021797 PMCID: PMC10558624 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs) is caused by various etiologies and often leads to cholestatic liver disease. For example, in patients with Alagille syndrome (ALGS), which is a genetic disease primarily caused by mutations in jagged 1 ( JAG1) , BD paucity often results in severe cholestasis and liver damage. However, no mechanism-based therapy exists to restore the biliary system in ALGS or other diseases associated with BD paucity. Based on previous genetic observations, we investigated whether postnatal knockdown of the glycosyltransferase gene protein O -glucosyltransferase 1 ( Poglut1) can improve the ALGS liver phenotypes in several mouse models generated by removing one copy of Jag1 in the germline with or without reducing the gene dosage of sex-determining region Y-box 9 in the liver. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using an ASO established in this study, we show that reducing Poglut1 levels in postnatal livers of ALGS mouse models with moderate to profound biliary abnormalities can significantly improve BD development and biliary tree formation. Importantly, ASO injections prevent liver damage in these models without adverse effects. Furthermore, ASO-mediated Poglut1 knockdown improves biliary tree formation in a different mouse model with no Jag1 mutations. Cell-based signaling assays indicate that reducing POGLUT1 levels or mutating POGLUT1 modification sites on JAG1 increases JAG1 protein level and JAG1-mediated signaling, suggesting a likely mechanism for the observed in vivo rescue. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical studies establish ASO-mediated POGLUT1 knockdown as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALGS liver disease and possibly other diseases associated with BD paucity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Niknejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Duncan Fox
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer L. Burwinkel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Neda Zarrin-Khameh
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Ben Taub Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Soomin Cho
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ashley E. Cast
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Mario F. Lopez
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Kari A. Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Stacey S. Huppert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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31
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Ayoub MD, Bakhsh AA, Vandriel SM, Keitel V, Kamath BM. Management of adults with Alagille syndrome. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1098-1112. [PMID: 37584849 PMCID: PMC10522532 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a complex rare genetic disorder that involves multiple organ systems and is historically regarded as a disease of childhood. Since it is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in 40% of patients, it carries many implications for genetic counselling of patients and screening of family members. In addition, the considerable variable expression and absence of a clear genotype-phenotype correlation, results in a diverse range of clinical manifestations, even in affected individuals within the same family. With recent therapeutic advancements in cholestasis treatment and the improved survival rates with liver transplantation (LT), many patients with ALGS survive into adulthood. Although LT is curative for liver disease secondary to ALGS, complications secondary to extrahepatic involvement remain problematic lifelong. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive review of ALGS to adult clinicians who will take over the medical care of these patients following transition, with particular focus on certain aspects of the condition that require lifelong surveillance. We also provide a diagnostic framework for adult patients with suspected ALGS and highlight key aspects to consider when determining eligibility for LT in patients with this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed D Ayoub
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh Branch, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Ahmad A Bakhsh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shannon M Vandriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Verena Keitel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Otto Von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Binita M Kamath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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Sethi SK, Mohan N, Rana A, Bagoria G, Soni K, Sharma V, Nair A, Savita S, Bansal SB, Raina R. A child with chronic kidney disease and hepatic dysfunction: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3277-3279. [PMID: 37405491 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Kumar Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001.
| | - Neelam Mohan
- Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Alka Rana
- Department of Pathology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Gaurav Bagoria
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Kritika Soni
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | - Savita Savita
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 122001
| | | | - Rupesh Raina
- Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Tveriakhina L, Scanavachi G, Egan ED, Correia RBDC, Martin AP, Rogers JM, Yodh JS, Aster JC, Kirchhausen T, Blacklow SC. Temporal Dynamics and Stoichiometry in Notch Signaling - from Notch Synaptic Complex Formation to NICD Nuclear Entry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559780. [PMID: 37808809 PMCID: PMC10557745 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Notch signaling occurs when binding of Delta or Jagged to Notch stimulates proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which enters the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. To determine the temporal dynamics of events associated with Notch signaling under native conditions, we fluorescently tagged Notch and Delta at their endogenous genomic loci and visualized them upon pairing of receiver (Notch) and sender (Delta) cells as a function of time after cell contact. At contact sites, Notch and Delta immediately accumulated at 1:1 stoichiometry in synapses, which resolved by 15-20 min after contact. Synapse formation preceded entrance of the Notch extracellular domain into the sender cell and accumulation of NICD in the nucleus of the receiver cell, which approached a maximum after ∼45 min and was prevented by chemical and genetic inhibitors of signaling. These findings directly link Notch-Delta synapse dynamics to NICD production with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision.
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Yang L, Wang X, Yu XX, Yang L, Zhou BC, Yang J, Xu CR. The default and directed pathways of hepatoblast differentiation involve distinct epigenomic mechanisms. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1688-1700.e6. [PMID: 37490911 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of multiomics analyses in defining cell differentiation pathways during development is ambiguous. During liver development, hepatoblasts follow a default or directed pathway to differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, respectively, and this provides a practical model to address this issue. Our study discovered that promoter-associated histone modifications and chromatin accessibility dynamics, rather than enhancer-associated histone modifications, effectively delineated the "default vs. directed" process of hepatoblast differentiation. Histone H3K27me3 on bivalent promoters is associated with this asymmetric differentiation strategy in mice and humans. We demonstrated that Ezh2 and Jmjd3 exert opposing regulatory roles in hepatoblast-cholangiocyte differentiation. Additionally, active enhancers, regulated by P300, correlate with the development of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This research proposes a model highlighting the division of labor between promoters and enhancers, with promoter-associated chromatin modifications governing the "default vs. directed" differentiation mode of hepatoblasts, whereas enhancer-associated modifications primarily dictate the progressive development processes of hepatobiliary lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Kaimari S, Kamalakar A, Goudy SL. Biomedical engineering approaches for the delivery of JAGGED1 as a potential tissue regenerative therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1217211. [PMID: 37781534 PMCID: PMC10534981 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1217211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
JAG1 is a ligand that activates the NOTCH signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in determining cell fate behavior through cell-to-cell signaling. JAG1-NOTCH signaling is required for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into cardiomyocytes and cranial neural crest (CNC) cells differentiation into osteoblasts, making it a regenerative candidate for clinical therapy to treat craniofacial bone loss and myocardial infarction. However, delivery of soluble JAG1 has been found to inhibit NOTCH signaling due to the requirement of JAG1 presentation in a bound form. For JAG1-NOTCH signaling to occur, JAG1 must be immobilized within a scaffold and the correct orientation between the NOTCH receptor and JAG1 must be achieved. The lack of clinically translatable JAG1 delivery methods has driven the exploration of alternative immobilization approaches. This review discusses the role of JAG1 in disease, the clinical role of JAG1 as a treatment, and summarizes current approaches for JAG1 delivery. An in-depth review was conducted on literature that used both in vivo and in vitro delivery models and observed the canonical versus non-canonical NOTCH pathway activated by JAG1. Studies were then compared and evaluated based on delivery success, functional outcomes, and translatability. Delivering JAG1 to harness its ability to control cell fate has the potential to serve as a therapeutic for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Kaimari
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Steven L. Goudy
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Lotto J, Stephan TL, Hoodless PA. Fetal liver development and implications for liver disease pathogenesis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:561-581. [PMID: 37208503 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic, digestive and homeostatic roles of the liver are dependent on proper crosstalk and organization of hepatic cell lineages. These hepatic cell lineages are derived from their respective progenitors early in organogenesis in a spatiotemporally controlled manner, contributing to the liver's specialized and diverse microarchitecture. Advances in genomics, lineage tracing and microscopy have led to seminal discoveries in the past decade that have elucidated liver cell lineage hierarchies. In particular, single-cell genomics has enabled researchers to explore diversity within the liver, especially early in development when the application of bulk genomics was previously constrained due to the organ's small scale, resulting in low cell numbers. These discoveries have substantially advanced our understanding of cell differentiation trajectories, cell fate decisions, cell lineage plasticity and the signalling microenvironment underlying the formation of the liver. In addition, they have provided insights into the pathogenesis of liver disease and cancer, in which developmental processes participate in disease emergence and regeneration. Future work will focus on the translation of this knowledge to optimize in vitro models of liver development and fine-tune regenerative medicine strategies to treat liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the emergence of hepatic parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, advances that have been made in in vitro modelling of liver development and draw parallels between developmental and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Lotto
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tabea L Stephan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pamela A Hoodless
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease? Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050231. [PMID: 37605966 PMCID: PMC10461466 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- CRUK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Martin AP, Bradshaw GA, Eisert RJ, Egan ED, Tveriakhina L, Rogers JM, Dates AN, Scanavachi G, Aster JC, Kirchhausen T, Kalocsay M, Blacklow SC. A spatiotemporal Notch interaction map from plasma membrane to nucleus. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg6474. [PMID: 37527352 PMCID: PMC10560377 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg6474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling relies on ligand-induced proteolysis of the transmembrane receptor Notch to liberate a nuclear effector that drives cell fate decisions. Upon ligand binding, sequential cleavage of Notch by the transmembrane protease ADAM10 and the intracellular protease γ-secretase releases the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which translocates to the nucleus and forms a complex that induces target gene transcription. To map the location and timing of the individual steps required for the proteolysis and movement of Notch from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, we used proximity labeling with quantitative, multiplexed mass spectrometry to monitor the interaction partners of endogenous NOTCH2 after ligand stimulation in the presence of a γ-secretase inhibitor and as a function of time after inhibitor removal. Our studies showed that γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of NOTCH2 occurred in an intracellular compartment and that formation of nuclear complexes and recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes occurred within 45 min of inhibitor washout. These findings provide a detailed spatiotemporal map tracking the path of Notch from the plasma membrane to the nucleus and identify signaling events that are potential targets for modulating Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary A. Bradshaw
- Department of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robyn J. Eisert
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily D. Egan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lena Tveriakhina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia M. Rogers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew N. Dates
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Scanavachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marian Kalocsay
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen C. Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Lead contact
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Yoshihara M, Takahashi S. Recent advances in in situ Notch signaling measurement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1244105. [PMID: 37576594 PMCID: PMC10416437 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1244105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is necessary for the development of many organ systems, including the nervous system, biliary system, and visual and auditory sensory systems. This signaling pathway is composed of DSL ligands and Notch receptors. Upon the interaction of those components between neighboring cells, the intracellular domain of the Notch receptor is cleaved from the cell membrane to act as a transcription factor. To date, many mechanistic insights, including lateral inhibition and lateral induction, have been proposed from observation of patterning morphogenesis and expression profiles of Notch signaling-associated molecules. The lack of a direct measurement method for Notch signaling, however, has impeded the examination of those mechanistic insights. In this mini-review, recent advances in the direct measurement of Notch signaling are introduced with a focus on the application of genetic modification of Notch receptors with the components of the Cre/loxP system and Gal4/UAS system. The combination of such conventional genetic techniques is opening a new era in Notch signaling biology by direct visualization of Notch "signaling" in addition to Notch signaling-associated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Yoshihara
- Department of Primary Care and Medical Education, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Halma J, Lin HC. Alagille syndrome: understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship and its potential therapeutic impact. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:883-892. [PMID: 37668532 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2255518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem genetic disorder with wide phenotypic variability caused by mutations in the Notch signaling pathway, specifically from mutations in either the Jagged1 (JAG1) or NOTCH2 gene. The range of clinical features in ALGS can involve various organ systems including the liver, heart, eyes, skeleton, kidney, and vasculature. Despite the genetic mutations being well-defined, there is variable expressivity and individuals with the same mutation may have different clinical phenotypes. AREAS COVERED While no clear genotype-phenotype correlation has been identified in ALGS, this review will summarize what is currently known about the genotype-phenotype relationship and how this relationship influences the treatment of the multisystemic disorder. This review includes discussion of numerous studies which have focused on describing the genotype-phenotype relationship of different organ systems in ALGS as well as relevant basic science and population studies of ALGS. A thorough literature search was completed via the PubMed and National Library of Medicine GeneReviews databases including dates from 1969, when ALGS was first identified, to February 2023. EXPERT OPINION The genetics of ALGS are well defined; however, ongoing investigation to identify genotype-phenotype relationships as well as genetic modifiers as potential therapeutic targets is needed. Clinicians and patients alike would benefit from identification of a correlation to aid in diagnostic evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Halma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Henry C Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Capellini TD, Smith MM. The Notch-mediated circuitry in the evolution and generation of new cell lineages: the tooth model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:182. [PMID: 37330998 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04831-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway is an ancient, evolutionary conserved intercellular signaling mechanism that is involved in cell fate specification and proper embryonic development. The Jagged2 gene, which encodes a ligand for the Notch family of receptors, is expressed from the earliest stages of odontogenesis in epithelial cells that will later generate the enamel-producing ameloblasts. Homozygous Jagged2 mutant mice exhibit abnormal tooth morphology and impaired enamel deposition. Enamel composition and structure in mammals are tightly linked to the enamel organ that represents an evolutionary unit formed by distinct dental epithelial cell types. The physical cooperativity between Notch ligands and receptors suggests that Jagged2 deletion could alter the expression profile of Notch receptors, thus modifying the whole Notch signaling cascade in cells within the enamel organ. Indeed, both Notch1 and Notch2 expression are severely disturbed in the enamel organ of Jagged2 mutant teeth. It appears that the deregulation of the Notch signaling cascade reverts the evolutionary path generating dental structures more reminiscent of the enameloid of fishes rather than of mammalian enamel. Loss of interactions between Notch and Jagged proteins may initiate the suppression of complementary dental epithelial cell fates acquired during evolution. We propose that the increased number of Notch homologues in metazoa enabled incipient sister cell types to form and maintain distinctive cell fates within organs and tissues along evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM) and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköpings Universitet, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhu W, Lo CW. Insights into the genetic architecture of congenital heart disease from animal modeling. Zool Res 2023; 44:577-590. [PMID: 37147909 PMCID: PMC10236297 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is observed in up to 1% of live births and is one of the leading causes of mortality from birth defects. While hundreds of genes have been implicated in the genetic etiology of CHD, their role in CHD pathogenesis is still poorly understood. This is largely a reflection of the sporadic nature of CHD, as well as its variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. We reviewed the monogenic causes and evidence for oligogenic etiology of CHD, as well as the role of de novo mutations, common variants, and genetic modifiers. For further mechanistic insight, we leveraged single-cell data across species to investigate the cellular expression characteristics of genes implicated in CHD in developing human and mouse embryonic hearts. Understanding the genetic etiology of CHD may enable the application of precision medicine and prenatal diagnosis, thereby facilitating early intervention to improve outcomes for patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology-Chinese University of Hong Kong (KIZ-CUHK) Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201 USA. E-mail:
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Yokoyama U, Oka S, Saito J. Molecular mechanisms regulating extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling in the ductus arteriosus. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151716. [PMID: 36906477 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Progressive remodeling throughout the fetal and postnatal period is essential for anatomical closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Internal elastic lamina interruption and subendothelial region widening, elastic fiber formation impairment in the tunica media, and intimal thickening are distinctive features of the fetal DA. After birth, the DA undergoes further extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling. Based on the knowledge obtained from mouse models and human disease, recent studies revealed a molecular mechanism of DA remodeling. In this review, we focus on matrix remodeling and regulation of cell migration/proliferation associated with DA anatomical closure and discuss the role of prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) signaling and jagged1-Notch signaling as well as myocardin, vimentin, and secretory components including tissue plasminogen activator, versican, lysyl oxidase, and bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402.
| | - Sayuki Oka
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402
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44
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Li J, Wu H, Chen S, Pang J, Wang H, Li X, Gan W. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Alagille Syndrome in Adults. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:156-162. [PMID: 36406308 PMCID: PMC9647109 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alagille syndrome (AGS) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the JAG1 and NOTCH2 genes. AGS has been rarely reported in adult patients, mainly because its characteristics in adults are subtle. The study aimed to improve the understanding of adult AGS by a descriptive case series. METHODS Eight adults diagnosed with AGS at our hospital between June 2016 and June 2019 were included in the study. Clinical data, biochemical results, imaging results, liver histopathology, and genetic testing were analyzed. RESULTS Three female and five male patients with a median age of 24.5 years at the time of diagnosis were included in the analysis. The clinical manifestations were adult-onset (62.5%, 5/8), cholestasis (50%, 4/8), butterfly vertebrae (62.5%, 5/8), systolic murmurs (12.5%, 1/8), typical facies (12.5%, 1/8), posterior embryotoxon, and renal abnormalities (0/8). Genetic sequencing showed that all patients had mutations, with four occurring in the JAG1 gene and four in the NOTCH2 gene. Six were substitution mutations, one was a deletion mutation, and one was a splicing mutation. Five had been previously reported; but the others, one JAG1 mutation and two NOTCH2 mutations were unique and are reported here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS The clinical manifestations highlighted by the current diagnostic criteria for most adults with AGS are atypical. Those who do not meet the criteria but are highly suspicious of having AGS need further evaluation, especially genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haicong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Medicine, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuru Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Xinhua Li and Weiqiang Gan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-9803 (XL), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-2829 (WG). Tel: +86-20-85252372, Fax: +86-20-85252250, E-mail: (XL), (WG)
| | - Weiqiang Gan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Correspondence to: Xinhua Li and Weiqiang Gan, Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-9803 (XL), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-2829 (WG). Tel: +86-20-85252372, Fax: +86-20-85252250, E-mail: (XL), (WG)
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Comerford SA, Hinnant EA, Chen Y, Hammer RE. Hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) insufficiency results in failed bile duct development and loss of hepatocyte viability; a ribosomopathy-like phenotype that is partially p53-dependent. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010595. [PMID: 36656901 PMCID: PMC9888725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) underlies a group of clinically diverse human diseases collectively known as the ribosomopathies, core manifestations of which include cytopenias and developmental abnormalities that are believed to stem primarily from an inability to synthesize adequate numbers of ribosomes and concomitant activation of p53. The importance of a correctly functioning RiBi machinery for maintaining tissue homeostasis is illustrated by the observation that, despite having a paucity of certain cell types in early life, ribosomopathy patients have an increased risk for developing cancer later in life. This suggests that hypoproliferative states trigger adaptive responses that can, over time, become maladaptive and inadvertently drive unchecked hyperproliferation and predispose to cancer. Here we describe an experimentally induced ribosomopathy in the mouse and show that a normal level of hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) is required for proper bile duct development and preservation of hepatocyte viability and that its insufficiency later promotes overgrowth and predisposes to liver cancer which is accelerated in the absence of the tumor-suppressor PTEN. We also show that the overexpression of c-Myc in the liver ameliorates, while expression of a mutant hyperstable form of p53 partially recapitulates specific aspects of the hepatopathies induced by Rps6 deletion. Surprisingly, co-deletion of p53 in the Rps6-deficient background fails to restore biliary development or significantly improve hepatic function. This study not only reveals a previously unappreciated dependence of the developing liver on adequate levels of Rps6 and exquisitely controlled p53 signaling, but suggests that the increased cancer risk in ribosomopathy patients may, in part, stem from an inability to preserve normal tissue homeostasis in the face of chronic injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Hinnant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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46
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Siguero-Álvarez M, Salguero-Jiménez A, Grego-Bessa J, de la Barrera J, MacGrogan D, Prados B, Sánchez-Sáez F, Piñeiro-Sabarís R, Felipe-Medina N, Torroja C, Gómez MJ, Sabater-Molina M, Escribá R, Richaud-Patin I, Iglesias-García O, Sbroggio M, Callejas S, O'Regan DP, McGurk KA, Dopazo A, Giovinazzo G, Ibañez B, Monserrat L, Pérez-Pomares JM, Sánchez-Cabo F, Pendas AM, Raya A, Gimeno-Blanes JR, de la Pompa JL. A Human Hereditary Cardiomyopathy Shares a Genetic Substrate With Bicuspid Aortic Valve. Circulation 2023; 147:47-65. [PMID: 36325906 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex genetics underlying human cardiac disease is evidenced by its heterogenous manifestation, multigenic basis, and sporadic occurrence. These features have hampered disease modeling and mechanistic understanding. Here, we show that 2 structural cardiac diseases, left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) and bicuspid aortic valve, can be caused by a set of inherited heterozygous gene mutations affecting the NOTCH ligand regulator MIB1 (MINDBOMB1) and cosegregating genes. METHODS We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to generate mice harboring a nonsense or a missense MIB1 mutation that are both found in LVNC families. We also generated mice separately carrying these MIB1 mutations plus 5 additional cosegregating variants in the ASXL3, APCDD1, TMX3, CEP192, and BCL7A genes identified in these LVNC families by whole exome sequencing. Histological, developmental, and functional analyses of these mouse models were carried out by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, together with gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing of both selected engineered mouse models and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Potential biochemical interactions were assayed in vitro by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot. RESULTS Mice homozygous for the MIB1 nonsense mutation did not survive, and the mutation caused LVNC only in heteroallelic combination with a conditional allele inactivated in the myocardium. The heterozygous MIB1 missense allele leads to bicuspid aortic valve in a NOTCH-sensitized genetic background. These data suggest that development of LVNC is influenced by genetic modifiers present in affected families, whereas valve defects are highly sensitive to NOTCH haploinsufficiency. Whole exome sequencing of LVNC families revealed single-nucleotide gene variants of ASXL3, APCDD1, TMX3, CEP192, and BCL7A cosegregating with the MIB1 mutations and LVNC. In experiments with mice harboring the orthologous variants on the corresponding Mib1 backgrounds, triple heterozygous Mib1 Apcdd1 Asxl3 mice showed LVNC, whereas quadruple heterozygous Mib1 Cep192 Tmx3;Bcl7a mice developed bicuspid aortic valve and other valve-associated defects. Biochemical analysis suggested interactions between CEP192, BCL7A, and NOTCH. Gene expression profiling of mutant mouse hearts and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes revealed increased cardiomyocyte proliferation and defective morphological and metabolic maturation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a shared genetic substrate underlying LVNC and bicuspid aortic valve in which MIB1-NOTCH variants plays a crucial role in heterozygous combination with cosegregating genetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Siguero-Álvarez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Institut for Cellulær og Molekylær Medicin, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (M.S.)
| | - Alejandro Salguero-Jiménez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Joaquim Grego-Bessa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Jorge de la Barrera
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Donal MacGrogan
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Belén Prados
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit (B.P., G.G.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Sáez
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Rebeca Piñeiro-Sabarís
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Natalia Felipe-Medina
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Carlos Torroja
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel José Gómez
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, European Reference Networks and Unidad de Referencia-European Reference Networks Guard Heart de Cardiopatias Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, Spain (M.S.-M., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - María Sabater-Molina
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Rubén Escribá
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Ivonne Richaud-Patin
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Olalla Iglesias-García
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain (O.I.-G.)
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
| | - Sergio Callejas
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Declan P O'Regan
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (D.P.O.' K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn A McGurk
- Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences (D.P.O.' K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute (K.A.M.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Genomics Unit (S.C., A.D.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Pluripotent Cell Technology Unit (B.P., G.G.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibañez
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Translational Laboratory (B.I.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain (B.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Monserrat
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña and Departamento Científico, Health in Code S.L., A Coruña, Spain (L.M.)
| | - José María Pérez-Pomares
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga and Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, Spain (J.M.P.-P.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit (J.d.l.B., C.T., M.J.G., F.S.-C.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto M Pendas
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer Universidad de Salamanca, Spain (F.S.-S., N.F.-M., A.M.P.)
| | - Angel Raya
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Program for Clinical Translation of Regenerative Medicine in Catalonia, Centre for Networked Biomedical Research on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain (R.E., I.R.-P., O.I.-G., A.R.)
| | - Juan R Gimeno-Blanes
- Laboratorio de Cardiogenética, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, European Reference Networks and Unidad de Referencia-European Reference Networks Guard Heart de Cardiopatias Familiares, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca-Universidad de Murcia, El Palmar, Spain (M.S.-M., J.R.G.-B.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development & Disease Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares and Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.S.-A., A.S.-J., J.G.-B., D.M., B.P., R.P.-S., M.S., S.C.' A.D.' B.I., J.L.d.l.P.)
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47
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Gao Y, Fu Z, Guan J, Liu X, Zhang Q. The role of Notch signaling pathway in metabolic bone diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115377. [PMID: 36513140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic bone diseases is the third most common endocrine diseases after diabetes and thyroid diseases. More than 500 million people worldwide suffer from metabolic bone diseases. The generation and development of bone metabolic diseases is a complex process regulated by multiple signaling pathways, among which the Notch signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways. The Notch signaling pathway regulates the differentiation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and affects the process of cartilage formation, bone formation and bone resorption. Genetic mutations in upstream and downstream of Notch signaling genes can lead to a series of metabolic bone diseases, such as Alagille syndrome, Adams-Oliver syndrome and spondylocostal dysostosis. In this review, we analyzed the mechanisms of Notch ligands, Notch receptors and signaling molecules in the process of signal transduction, and summarized the progress on the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of bone metabolic diseases caused by Notch gene mutation. We hope to draw attention to the role of the Notch signaling pathway in metabolic bone diseases and provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Gao
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China.
| | - Zhanda Fu
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Junxia Guan
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Tangshan Key Laboratory of Green Speciality Chemicals, Department of Chemistry, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China.
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48
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Hankeova S, Van Hul N, Laznovsky J, Verboven E, Mangold K, Hensens N, Adori C, Verhoef E, Zikmund T, Dawit F, Kavkova M, Salplachta J, Sjöqvist M, Johansson BR, Hassan MG, Fredriksson L, Baumgärtel K, Bryja V, Lendahl U, Jheon A, Alten F, Fahnehjelm KT, Fischler B, Kaiser J, Andersson ER. Sex differences and risk factors for bleeding in Alagille syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15809. [PMID: 36345711 PMCID: PMC9728057 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous bleeds are a leading cause of death in the pediatric JAG1-related liver disease Alagille syndrome (ALGS). We asked whether there are sex differences in bleeding events in patients, whether Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice display bleeds or vascular defects, and whether discovered vascular pathology can be confirmed in patients non-invasively. We performed a systematic review of patients with ALGS and vascular events following PRISMA guidelines, in the context of patient sex, and found significantly more girls than boys reported with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. We investigated vascular development, homeostasis, and bleeding in Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, using retina as a model. Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice displayed sporadic brain bleeds, a thin skull, tortuous blood vessels, sparse arterial smooth muscle cell coverage in multiple organs, which could be aggravated by hypertension, and sex-specific venous defects. Importantly, we demonstrated that retinographs from patients display similar characteristics with significantly increased vascular tortuosity. In conclusion, there are clinically important sex differences in vascular disease in ALGS, and retinography allows non-invasive vascular analysis in patients. Finally, Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice represent a new model for vascular compromise in ALGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Hankeova
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Noemi Van Hul
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jakub Laznovsky
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Elisabeth Verboven
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Katrin Mangold
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Naomi Hensens
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- University of Applied Sciences UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Csaba Adori
- Department of NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Elvira Verhoef
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- University of Applied Sciences UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Feven Dawit
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalHuddingeSweden
| | - Michaela Kavkova
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Salplachta
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Marika Sjöqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Bengt R Johansson
- EM Unit, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Mohamed G Hassan
- University of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCAUSA
- Department of OrthodonticsFaculty of DentistryAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental BiologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Florian Alten
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Muenster Medical CenterMünsterGermany
| | - Kristina Teär Fahnehjelm
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, Electrophysiology and Ocular Oncology, St. Erik Eye HospitalKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Fischler
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC)Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalHuddingeSweden
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Emma R Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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49
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Chiang C, Jeng Y, Ho M, Lai M, Li H, Chen P, Lee N, Wu J, Chiu Y, Liou B, Ni Y, Hsu H, Chang M, Chen H. Different clinical and genetic features of Alagille patients with progressive disease versus a jaundice-free course. JGH Open 2022; 6:839-845. [PMID: 36514505 PMCID: PMC9730729 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a multisystem disorder with variable clinical courses. This study investigated the clinical and genetic features of ALGS patients with different outcomes and analyzed the liver pathology at liver transplantation (LT) compared with that in biliary atresia (BA). Methods We report the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and genetic mutations of 25 children with ALGS followed for a median of 7.3 years. Patients were classified into (i) jaundice-free (JF) group (resolving jaundice after 2 years of age); (ii) progressive disease (PD) group (persistent jaundice or progressive cholestasis). In addition, we analyzed the explant liver in 10 ALGS patients compared with 20 age-matched BA patients at the time of LT. Results Nine patients (36%) in the JF group had a favorable outcome, with longer native liver survival than patients with PD (n = 16, P < 0.001). Fourteen of the PD group patients received LT or died. We identified 18 different JAG1 mutations in 22 patients. Three unrelated probands in the JF group had the same de novo mutation in JAG1, c.2122-2125delCAGT. Compared with BA children, ALGS patients had lower METAVIR scores in liver pathology, higher serum albumin levels, and lower weight-for-age z-scores when receiving LT. Conclusion One-third of ALGS patients had JF and a favorable course. Children with ALGS presenting with persistent jaundice beyond 2 years of age should be cautioned for poor prognosis. ALGS patients tend to have a lesser extent of cirrhosis, and more growth problems than BA patients at the time of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che‐Ming Chiang
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Tri‐Service General HospitalNational Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yung‐Ming Jeng
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Chih Ho
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital Hsin‐Chu BranchHsinchuTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Wei Lai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalLinkou, Chang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Huei‐Ying Li
- Medical Microbiome CenterNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Pei‐Lung Chen
- Department of Medical GeneticsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and ProteomicsNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ni‐Chung Lee
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical GeneticsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Feng Wu
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chun Chiu
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Bang‐Yu Liou
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Hsuan Ni
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hong‐Yuan Hsu
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Mei‐Hwei Chang
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Huey‐Ling Chen
- Department of PediatricsNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan,Department of Medical Education and Bioethics, Graduate Institute of Medical Education and BioethicsNational Taiwan University College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
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Rammah M, Théveniau-Ruissy M, Sturny R, Rochais F, Kelly RG. PPARγ and NOTCH Regulate Regional Identity in the Murine Cardiac Outflow Tract. Circ Res 2022; 131:842-858. [PMID: 36205127 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Development of this cardiac region occurs by addition of Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitor cells to the embryonic outflow tract (OFT) and subsequently the base of the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms driving arterial pole morphogenesis is essential to provide further insights into the cause of CHDs. METHODS A synergistic combination of bioinformatic analysis and mouse genetics as well as embryo and explant culture experiments were used to dissect the cross-regulatory transcriptional circuitry operating in future subaortic and subpulmonary OFT myocardium. RESULTS Here, we show that the lipid sensor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) is expressed in future subpulmonary myocardium in the inferior wall of the OFT and that PPARγ signaling-related genes display regionalized OFT expression regulated by the transcription factor TBX1 (T-box transcription factor 1). Modulating PPARγ activity in ex vivo cultured embryos treated with a PPARγ agonist or antagonist or deleting Pparγ in cardiac progenitor cells using Mesp1-Cre reveals that Pparγ is required for addition of future subpulmonary myocardium and normal arterial pole development. Additionally, the non-canonical DLK1 (delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1)/NOTCH (Notch receptor 1)/HES1 (Hes family bHLH transcription factor 1) pathway negatively regulates Pparγ in future subaortic myocardium in the superior OFT wall. CONCLUSIONS Together these results identify Pparγ as a regulator of regional transcriptional identity in the developing heart, providing new insights into gene interactions involved in congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyasa Rammah
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France (M.R., M.T.R., R.S., F.R., R.G.K.)
| | - Magali Théveniau-Ruissy
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France (M.R., M.T.R., R.S., F.R., R.G.K.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France (M.T.R., F.R.)
| | - Rachel Sturny
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France (M.R., M.T.R., R.S., F.R., R.G.K.)
| | - Francesca Rochais
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France (M.R., M.T.R., R.S., F.R., R.G.K.)
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France (M.T.R., F.R.)
| | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France (M.R., M.T.R., R.S., F.R., R.G.K.)
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