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McFarlin BK, Bridgeman EA, Curtis JH, Vingren JL, Hill DW. Baker's yeast beta glucan supplementation was associated with an improved innate immune mRNA expression response after exercise. Methods 2024; 230:68-79. [PMID: 39097177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Beta glucans are found in many natural sources, however, only Baker's Yeast Beta Glucan (BYBG) has been well documented to have structure-function effects that are associated with improved innate immune response to stressors (e.g., exercise, infection, etc.). The purpose was to identify a BYBG-associated mRNA expression pattern following exercise. Participants gave IRB-approved consent and were randomized to BYBG (Wellmune®; N=9) or Placebo (maltodextrin; N=10) for 6-weeks prior to performing 90 min of whole-body exercise. Paxgene blood samples were collected prior to exercise (PRE), after exercise (POST), two hours after exercise (2H), and four hours after exercise (4H). Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of 770 innate immune response mRNA (730 mRNA targets; 40 housekeepers/controls; Nanostring nCounter). The raw data were normalized against housekeeping controls and expressed as Log2 fold change from PRE for a given condition. Significance was set at p < 0.05 with adjustments for multiple comparisons and false discovery rate. We identified 47 mRNA whose expression was changed after exercise with BYBG and classified them to four functional pathways: 1) Immune Cell Maturation (8 mRNA), 2) Immune Response and Function (5 mRNA), 3) Pattern Recognition Receptors and DAMP or PAMP Detection (25 mRNA), and 4) Detection and Resolution of Tissue Damage (9 mRNA). The identified mRNA whose expression was altered after exercise with BYBG may represent an innate immune response pattern and supports previous conclusions that BYBG improves immune response to a future sterile inflammation or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States; University of North Texas, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Bridgeman
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - John H Curtis
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - Jakob L Vingren
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States; University of North Texas, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
| | - David W Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States.
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2
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Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT pathway as a pivotal regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38730433 PMCID: PMC11084110 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, as the leading cause of cancer related deaths, is one of the main global health challenges. Despite various progresses in diagnostic and therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality among lung cancer patients, which can be related to the lack of clinical symptoms to differentiate lung cancer from the other chronic respiratory disorders in the early tumor stages. Most lung cancer patients are identified in advanced and metastatic tumor stages, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in lung tumor progression and metastasis in order to introduce early diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered as one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in lung tumor metastasis, during which tumor cells gain the metastatic ability by acquiring mesenchymal characteristics. Since, majority of the oncogenic signaling pathways exert their role in tumor cell invasion by inducing the EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in regulation of EMT process during lung tumor metastasis. It has been reported that the PI3K/AKT acts as an inducer of EMT process through the activation of EMT-specific transcription factors in lung tumor cells. MicroRNAs also exerted their inhibitory effects during EMT process by inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway. This review can be an effective step towards introducing the PI3K/AKT pathway as a suitable therapeutic target to inhibit the EMT process and tumor metastasis in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Ding Q, Xiong B, Liu J, Rong X, Tian Z, Chen L, Tao H, Li H, Zeng P. Bioinformatics analysis of PANoptosis regulators in the diagnosis and subtyping of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37837. [PMID: 38701259 PMCID: PMC11062652 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of PANoptosis, a form of regulated cell death, in the development of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). The underlying pathogenesis of PANoptosis in SONFH remains unclear. To address this, we employed bioinformatics approaches to analyze the key genes associated with PANoptosis. Our analysis was based on the GSE123568 dataset, allowing us to investigate both the expression profiles of PANoptosis-related genes (PRGs) and the immune profiles in SONFHallowing us to investigate the expression profiles of PRGs as well as the immune profiles in SONFH. We conducted cluster classification based on PRGs and assessed immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we used the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm to identify cluster-specific hub genes. Furthermore, we developed an optimal machine learning model to identify the key predictive genes responsible for SONFH progression. We also constructed a nomogram model with high predictive accuracy for assessing risk factors in SONFH patients, and validated the model using external data (area under the curve; AUC = 1.000). Furthermore, we identified potential drug targets for SONFH through the Coremine medical database. Using the optimal machine learning model, we found that 2 PRGs, CASP1 and MLKL, were significantly correlated with the key predictive genes and exhibited higher expression levels in SONFH. Our analysis revealed the existence of 2 distinct PANoptosis molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) within SONFH. Importantly, we observed significant variations in the distribution of immune cells across these subtypes, with C2 displaying higher levels of immune cell infiltration. Gene set variation analysis indicated that C2 was closely associated with multiple immune responses. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate relationship between PANoptosis and SONFH. We successfully developed a risk predictive model for SONFH patients and different SONFH subtypes. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of SONFH and offer potential insights into therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Yulin Orthopedic Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Yulin, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiangbin Rong
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhao Tian
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Limin Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hongcheng Tao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Nanning, China
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4
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Shin SJ, Ko J, Hwang HS, Huh J, Lee CW, Lee JK, Go H. Tumoural Pellino-1 expression and Pellino-1-expressive cytotoxic T-cells are associated with poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Pathology 2024; 56:374-381. [PMID: 38296676 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Pellino-1 plays a role in regulating inflammation and immune responses, and its effects on tumours are complex, with different outcomes reported in various studies. Additionally, the role of Pellino-1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to examine the expression of Pellino-1 in tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) separately and identify the clinicopathological significance of Pellino-1 expression in DLBCL. We evaluated Pellino-1 expression in 104 patients with DLBCL. The density of specific cell types was quantitatively analysed using digital image analysis after a multiplex immunofluorescence staining with Pellino-1, CD20, CD8, FOXP3, and PD-1. Pellino-1 expression was mostly observed in CD20+ tumour cells and CD8+ TILs. The high CD8+/Pellino-1+ group was significantly associated with the non-GCB subtype and higher numbers of Foxp3+ T-cells. Patients with high CD20+/Pellino-1+ and high CD8+/Pellino-1+ cell densities had significantly shorter event-free survival (EFS) rates. The multivariate Cox-regression analysis showed that CD20+/Pellino-1+ cell density and CD8+/Pellino-1+ cell density were independent poor prognostic factors for EFS. Furthermore, patients with low densities of both CD20+/Pellino-1+ and CD8+/Pellino-1+ cells demonstrated a prognosis superior to that of patients with high Pellino-1+ cell densities, either alone or in combination. Additionally, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that the combination of CD20+/Pellino-1+ and CD8+/Pellino-1+ cell densities was an independent prognostic factor for EFS and overall survival. Pellino-1 expression was observed in both tumour cells and TILs, particularly in cytotoxic T-cells, and was correlated with poor outcomes in DLBCL. Thus, Pellino-1 might have an oncogenic effect on DLBCL and might be a potential target for improving cytotoxic T-cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sang Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooryung Huh
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, Curogen Co, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute, Curogen Co, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Seidelin JB, Jensen S, Hansen M, de Carvalho Bronze MR, Cuchet-Lourenҫo D, Nejentsev S, LaCasse EC, Nielsen OH. IAPs and RIPK1 mediate LPS-induced cytokine production in healthy subjects and Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:291-301. [PMID: 37583360 PMCID: PMC10876114 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune activity fuels intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD), an inflammatory bowel disease. Identification and targeting of new molecular regulators of the innate activity are warranted to control the disease. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) regulate both cell survival and inflammatory signaling. We investigated the effects of IAP inhibition by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SMs) on innate responses and cell death to pathogen-associated molecular patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes. IAPs inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6. Likewise, LPS (but not muramyl dipeptide or Escherichia coli) induced TNF-α was inhibited in CD and control PBMCs. The SM effect was partially reversed by inhibition of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). The effect was mainly cell death independent. Thus, IAP inhibition by SMs leads to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines and may be considered in the efforts to develop new therapeutic strategies to control CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sergey Nejentsev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Charles LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Canada
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Palahati A, Luo Y, Qin L, Duan Y, Zhang M, Gan H, Zhai X. TonEBP: A Key Transcription Factor in Microglia Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage Induced-Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1438. [PMID: 38338716 PMCID: PMC10855931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors within microglia contribute to the inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, we employed bioinformatics screening to identify the potential transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within microglia. Inflammatory stimuli can provoke an elevated expression of TonEBP in microglia. Nevertheless, the expression and function of microglial TonEBP in ICH-induced neuroinflammation remain ambiguous. In our recent research, we discovered that ICH instigated an increased TonEBP in microglia in both human and mouse peri-hematoma brain tissues. Furthermore, our results indicated that TonEBP knockdown mitigates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and the activation of NF-κB signaling in microglia. In order to more deeply comprehend the underlying molecular mechanisms of how TonEBP modulates the inflammatory response, we sequenced the transcriptomes of TonEBP-deficient cells and sought potential downstream target genes of TonEBP, such as Pellino-1 (PELI1). PELI has been previously reported to mediate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Through the utilization of CUT & RUN, a dual-luciferase reporter, and qPCR, we confirmed that TonEBP is the transcription factor of Peli1, binding to the Peli1 promoter. In summary, TonEBP may enhance the LPS-induced inflammation and activation of NF-κB signaling via PELI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailiyaer Palahati
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuhao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing 400010, China; (A.P.)
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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7
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Stanilov N, Velikova T, Stanilova S. Navigating the Cytokine Seas: Targeting Cytokine Signaling Pathways in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1009. [PMID: 38256080 PMCID: PMC10815616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating continuous efforts to develop effective therapeutic strategies. Over the years, advancements in our understanding of the complex interplay between the immune system and cancer cells have led to the development of immunotherapies that revolutionize cancer treatment. Cytokines, as key regulators of the immune response, are involved in both the initiation and progression of cancer by affecting inflammation and manipulating multiple intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Cytokines, as key regulators of inflammation, have emerged as promising candidates for cancer therapy. This review article aims to provide an overview of the significance of cytokines in cancer development and therapy by highlighting the importance of targeting cytokine signaling pathways as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyko Stanilov
- Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
| | - Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Spaska Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
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8
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Jacob TV, Doshi GM. New Promising Routes in Peptic Ulcers: Toll-like Receptors and Semaphorins. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:865-878. [PMID: 37605412 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230821102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Peptic ulcers (PU) are one of the commonest yet problematic diseases found to be existing in the majority of the population. Today, drugs from a wide range of therapeutic classes are available for the management of the disease. Still, the complications of the condition are difficult to tackle and the side effect profile is quite a concern. The literature indicates that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Semaphorins (SEMAs) have been under study for their various pharmacological actions over the past few decades. Both these signalling pathways are found to regulate immunological and inflammatory responses. Moreover, receptors and signalling molecules from the family of TLRs and SEMAs are found to have bacterial recognition and antibacterial properties which are essential in eradicating Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), one of the major causative agents of PU. Our understanding of SEMAs, a class of proteins involved in cell signalling, is relatively less developed compared to TLRs, another class of proteins involved in the immune response. SEMAs and TLRs play different roles in biological processes, with SEMAs primarily involved in guiding cell migration and axon guidance during development, while TLRs are responsible for recognizing pathogens and initiating an immune response. Here, in this review, we will discuss in detail the signalling cascade of TLRs and SEMAs and thereby understand its association with PU for future therapeutic targeting. The review also aims at providing an overview of the study that has been into exploring the role of these signalling pathways in the management of PU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa V Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav M Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V.M. Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
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9
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Yan L, Cui Y, Feng J. Biology of Pellino1: a potential therapeutic target for inflammation in diseases and cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1292022. [PMID: 38179042 PMCID: PMC10765590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pellino1 (Peli1) is a highly conserved E3 Ub ligase that exerts its biological functions by mediating target protein ubiquitination. Extensive evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of Peli1 in regulating inflammation by modulating various receptor signaling pathways, including interleukin-1 receptors, Toll-like receptors, nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways. Peli1 has been implicated in the development of several diseases by influencing inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, DNA damage repair, and glycolysis. Peli1 is a risk factor for most cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, and lymphoma. Conversely, Peli1 protects against herpes simplex virus infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, esophageal cancer, and toxic epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, Peli1 is a potential therapeutic target that warrants further investigation. This comprehensive review summarizes the target proteins of Peli1, delineates their involvement in major signaling pathways and biological processes, explores their role in diseases, and discusses the potential clinical applications of Peli1-targeted therapy, highlighting the therapeutic prospects of Peli1 in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Kim Y, Kim H, Ha Thi HT, Kim J, Lee YJ, Kim S, Hong S. Pellino 3 promotes the colitis-associated colorectal cancer through suppression of IRF4-mediated negative regulation of TLR4 signalling. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2380-2395. [PMID: 37341064 PMCID: PMC10620127 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) has increased due to a high-nutrient diet, increased environmental stimuli and inherited gene mutations. To adequately treat CAC, drugs should be developed by identifying novel therapeutic targets. E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase pellino homolog 3 (pellino 3; Peli3) is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in inflammatory signalling; however, its role in the development and progression of CAC has not been elucidated. In this study, we studied Peli3-deficient mice in an azoxymethane/dextran sulphate sodium-induced CAC model. We observed that Peli3 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis with increased tumour burden and oncogenic signalling pathways. Ablation of Peli3 reduced inflammatory signalling activation at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Mechanistic studies indicate that Peli3 enhances toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation through ubiquitination-dependent degradation of interferon regulatory factor 4, a negative regulator of TLR4 in macrophages. Our study suggests an important molecular link between Peli3 and colonic inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. Furthermore, Peli3 can be a therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Mi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Hye‐Youn Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Huyen Trang Ha Thi
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
| | - Seong‐Jin Kim
- GILO InstituteGILO FoundationSeoulKorea
- Medpacto Inc.SeoulKorea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes InstituteGachon University College of MedicineIncheonKorea
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11
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Mello-Vieira J, Bopp T, Dikic I. Ubiquitination and cell-autonomous immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102368. [PMID: 37451128 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous immunity is the first line of defense by which cells recognize and contribute to eliminating invasive pathogens. It is composed of immune signaling networks that sense microbial pathogens, promote pathogen restriction, and stimulate their elimination, including host cell death. Ubiquitination is a pivotal orchestrator of these pathways, by changing the activity of signal transducers and effector proteins in an efficient way. In this review, we will focus on how ubiquitin connects the pathways that sense pathogens to the cellular responses to invaders and shed light on how ubiquitination impacts the microenvironment around the infected cell, stimulating the appropriate immune response. Finally, we discuss therapeutic options directed at favoring cell-autonomous immune responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Mello-Vieira
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Cho H, Park NJY, Ko J, Lee CW, Lee JK, Maeng YI, Go H. Pellino-1 expression is associated with epidermal proliferation and enhanced Th17 cell infiltration in psoriatic lesions. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1476-1484. [PMID: 37291939 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pellino-1 plays a crucial role in cellular proliferation and regulates inflammatory processes. This study investigated Pellino-1 expression patterns and their relationship with CD4+ T-cell subsets in psoriasis patients. Group 1 comprised primarily biopsied psoriasis lesions from 378 patients, multiplex-immunostained for Pellino-1, CD4 and representative T helper (Th) cells (T-bet [Th1], GATA3 [Th2], and RORγt [Th17] and regulatory T cell [FoxP3] markers). Ki-67 labeling was evaluated in the epidermis. Group 2 comprised 43 Pellino-1-positive cases immunostained for Pellino-1 in both lesion and non-lesion skin biopsy samples. Five normal skin biopsies served as controls. Among 378 psoriasis cases, 293 (77.5%) were positive for Pellino-1 in the epidermis. Pellino-1-positivity was higher in psoriasis lesions than in non-lesions and normal skin (52.55% vs. 40.43% vs. 3.48%, p < 0.001; H-score, 72.08 vs. 47.55 vs. 4.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Pellino-1-positive cases also had a significantly higher Ki-67 labeling index (p < 0.001). Epidermal Pellino1-positivity was significantly associated with higher RORγt+ (p = 0.001) and FoxP3+ (p < 0.001) CD4+ T cell ratios but not T-bet+ and GATA3+ CD4+ T cell ratios. Among the CD4+ Pellino-1+ T-cell subsets, the CD4+ Pellino-1+ RORγt+ ratio was significantly associated with epidermal Pellinio-1 expression (p < 0.001). Pellino-1 expression is thus increased in psoriasis lesions and associated with increased epidermal proliferation and CD4+ T-cell subset infiltration, especially Th17 cells. This suggests that Pellino-1 could be a therapeutic target that simultaneously regulates psoriasis epidermal proliferation and immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeyon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nora Jee-Young Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Four Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ko
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Science, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Curogen Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, Curogen Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Maeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jensen LE. Pellino Proteins in Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:1422. [PMID: 37515108 PMCID: PMC10383966 DOI: 10.3390/v15071422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pellino proteins are a family of evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin ligases involved in intracellular signaling in a wide range of cell types. They are essential for microbe detection and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Some viruses specifically target the Pellino proteins as part of their immune evasion strategies. Through studies of mouse models of viral infections in the central nervous system, heart, lungs, and skin, the Pellino proteins have been linked to both beneficial and detrimental immune responses. Only in recent years have some of the involved mechanisms been identified. The objective of this review is to highlight the many diverse aspects of viral immunity and pathogenesis that the Pellino proteins have been associated with, in order to promote further research into their functions. After a brief introduction to the cellular signaling mechanisms involving Pellino proteins, their physiological roles in the initiation of immune responses, pathogenesis through excess inflammation, immune regulation, and cell death are presented. Known viral immune evasion strategies are also described. Throughout, areas that require more in-depth investigation are identified. Future research into the functions of the Pellino protein family may reveal fundamental insights into how our immune system works. Such knowledge may be leveraged in the fight against viral infections and their sequala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte E Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Swaminathan S, Kemerley A, Pradeep SR, Lim ST, Accorsi D, Wilson R, Campbell J, Saad I, Yee SP, Palesty JA, McFadden DW, Maulik N. Role of Pellino-1 in Inflammation and Cardioprotection following Severe Sepsis: A Novel Mechanism in a Murine Severe Sepsis Model †. Cells 2023; 12:1527. [PMID: 37296648 PMCID: PMC10252528 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intra-abdominal sepsis is commonly diagnosed in the surgical population and remains the second most common cause of sepsis overall. Sepsis-related mortality remains a significant burden in the intensive care unit despite advances in critical care. Nearly a quarter of the deaths in people with heart failure are caused by sepsis. We have observed that overexpression of mammalian Pellino-1 (Peli1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, causes inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and preservation of cardiac function in a myocardial infarction model. Given these manifold applications, we investigated the role of Peli1 in sepsis using transgenic and knockout mouse models specific to this protein. Therefore, we aimed to explore further the myocardial dysfunction seen in sepsis through its relation to the Peli 1 protein by using the loss of function and gain-of-function strategy. METHODS A series of genetic animals were created to understand the role of Peli1 in sepsis and the preservation of heart function. Wild-type, global Peli1 knock out (Peli1-/-), cardiomyocyte-specific Peli1 deletion (CP1KO), and cardiomyocyte-specific Peli1 overexpressing (alpha MHC (αMHC) Peli1; AMPEL1Tg/+) animals were divided into sham and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgical procedure groups. Cardiac function was determined by two-dimensional echocardiography pre-surgery and at 6- and 24-h post-surgery. Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (ELISA) (6 h), cardiac apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and Bax expression (24 h) post-surgery were measured. Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. RESULTS AMPEL1Tg/+ prevents sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction assessed by echocardiographic analysis, whereas global and cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Peli1 shows significant deterioration of cardiac functions. Cardiac function was similar across the sham groups in all three genetically modified mice. ELISA assay displayed how Peli 1 overexpression decreased cardo-suppressive circulating inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) compared to both the knockout groups. The proportion of TUNEL-positive cells varied according to Peli1 expression, with overexpression (AMPEL1Tg/+) leading to a significant reduction and Peli1 gene knockout (Peli1-/- and CP1KO) leading to a significant increase in their presence. A similar trend was also observed with Bax protein expression. The improved cellular survival associated with Peli1 overexpression was again shown with the reduction of oxidative stress marker 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal (4-HNE). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that overexpression of Peli1 is a novel approach that not only preserved cardiac function but reduced inflammatory markers and apoptosis following severe sepsis in a murine genetic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Santosh Swaminathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
| | - Andrew Kemerley
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Seetur R. Pradeep
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Sue Ting Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
| | - Diego Accorsi
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
| | - Rickesha Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jacob Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ibnalwalid Saad
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
| | - Siu-Pok Yee
- Center for Mouse Genome Modification, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - J. Alexander Palesty
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Waterbury, CT 06706, USA
| | - David W. McFadden
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
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15
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Koo SY, Park EJ, Noh HJ, Jo SM, Ko BK, Shin HJ, Lee CW. Ubiquitination Links DNA Damage and Repair Signaling to Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098441. [PMID: 37176148 PMCID: PMC10179089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the DNA damage response (DDR) and cellular metabolism are two important factors that allow cancer cells to proliferate. DDR is a set of events in which DNA damage is recognized, DNA repair factors are recruited to the site of damage, the lesion is repaired, and cellular responses associated with the damage are processed. In cancer, DDR is commonly dysregulated, and the enzymes associated with DDR are prone to changes in ubiquitination. Additionally, cellular metabolism, especially glycolysis, is upregulated in cancer cells, and enzymes in this metabolic pathway are modulated by ubiquitination. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), particularly E3 ligases, act as a bridge between cellular metabolism and DDR since they regulate the enzymes associated with the two processes. Hence, the E3 ligases with high substrate specificity are considered potential therapeutic targets for treating cancer. A number of small molecule inhibitors designed to target different components of the UPS have been developed, and several have been tested in clinical trials for human use. In this review, we discuss the role of ubiquitination on overall cellular metabolism and DDR and confirm the link between them through the E3 ligases NEDD4, APC/CCDH1, FBXW7, and Pellino1. In addition, we present an overview of the clinically important small molecule inhibitors and implications for their practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Koo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Park
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Noh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Kyoung Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- Team of Radiation Convergence Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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16
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Bhattacharjee S, Ghosh D, Saha R, Sarkar R, Kumar S, Khokhar M, Pandey RK. Mechanism of Immune Evasion in Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050635. [PMID: 37242305 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, mosquito-borne illnesses have emerged as a major health burden in many tropical regions. These diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus infection, Rift Valley fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus infection, are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. These pathogens have been shown to interfere with the host's immune system through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms, as well as the human circulatory system. Crucial immune checkpoints such as antigen presentation, T cell activation, differentiation, and proinflammatory response play a vital role in the host cell's response to pathogenic infection. Furthermore, these immune evasions have the potential to stimulate the human immune system, resulting in other associated non-communicable diseases. This review aims to advance our understanding of mosquito-borne diseases and the immune evasion mechanisms by associated pathogens. Moreover, it highlights the adverse outcomes of mosquito-borne disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debanjan Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rounak Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Rima Sarkar
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- DBT Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
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17
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Sheu KM, Guru AA, Hoffmann A. Quantifying stimulus-response specificity to probe the functional state of macrophages. Cell Syst 2023; 14:180-195.e5. [PMID: 36657439 PMCID: PMC10023480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune sentinel macrophages initiate responses to pathogens via hundreds of immune response genes. Each immune threat demands a tailored response, suggesting that the capacity for stimulus-specific gene expression is a key functional hallmark of healthy macrophages. To quantify this property, termed "stimulus-response specificity" (SRS), we developed a single-cell experimental workflow and analytical approaches based on information theory and machine learning. We found that the response specificity of macrophages is driven by combinations of specific immune genes that show low cell-to-cell heterogeneity and are targets of separate signaling pathways. The "response specificity profile," a systematic comparison of multiple stimulus-response distributions, was distinctly altered by polarizing cytokines, and it enabled an assessment of the functional state of macrophages. Indeed, the response specificity profile of peritoneal macrophages from old and obese mice showed characteristic differences, suggesting that SRS may be a basis for measuring the functional state of innate immune cells. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093, USA
| | - Aditya A Guru
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093, USA
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Charles E. Young Dr S, Los Angeles, CA 90093, USA.
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18
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Xu W, Yang T, Lou X, Chen J, Wang X, Hu M, An D, Gao R, Wang J, Chen X. Role of the Peli1-RIPK1 Signaling Axis in Methamphetamine-Induced Neuroinflammation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:864-874. [PMID: 36763609 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe neurological inflammation is one of the main symptoms of methamphetamine (meth)-induced brain injury. Studies have demonstrated that meth exposure facilitates neuroinflammation via Pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Peli1)-mediated signaling. However, the involved mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Herein, we used Peli1-/- mice and Peli1-knockdown microglial BV2 cells to decipher the roles of Peli1 and downstream signaling in meth-induced neuroinflammation. After meth administration for seven consecutive days, Peli1-/- mice exhibited better learning and memory behavior and dramatically lower interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 levels than wild-type mice. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that Peli1 knockdown significantly attenuated the meth-induced upregulation of cytokines. Besides, meth markedly activated and increased the levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and Peli1 knockout or knockdown prevented these effects, indicating that RIPK1 participated in meth-induced Peli1-mediated inflammation. Specifically, treating the cells with necrostatin-1(Nec-1), an antagonist of RIPK1, remarkably inhibited the meth-induced increase in IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, confirming the involvement of RIPK1 in Peli1-mediated neuroinflammation. Finally, meth induced a dramatic transfer of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein, a downstream effector of RIRK1, to the cell membrane, disrupting membrane integrity and causing cytokine excretion. Therefore, targeting the Peli1-RIPK1 signaling axis is a potentially valid therapeutic approach against meth-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Wujin District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changzhou 213100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Lou
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingrong Chen
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaoyang Hu
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di An
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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Sampson C, Wang Q, Otkur W, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu X, Piao H. The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer progression and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1204. [PMID: 36881608 PMCID: PMC9991012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications which plays a significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination process, ubiquitin is conjugated to target protein substrates for degradation, translocation or activation, dysregulation of which is linked to several diseases including various types of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzyme owing to their ability to select, bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. In particular, E3 ligases are pivotal in the cancer hallmarks pathways where they serve as tumour promoters or suppressors. The specificity of E3 ligases coupled with their implication in cancer hallmarks engendered the development of compounds that specifically target E3 ligases for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of E3 ligases in cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation via cell cycle progression, immune evasion and tumour promoting inflammation, and in the evasion of apoptosis. In addition, we summarise the application and the role of small compounds that target E3 ligases for cancer treatment along with the significance of targeting E3 ligases as potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Sampson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsDalian Second People's HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- Department of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hai‐long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Mo H, Wang Z, He Z, Wan J, Lu R, Wang C, Chen A, Cheng P. Decreased Peli1 expression attenuates osteoarthritis by protecting chondrocytes and inhibiting M1-polarization of macrophages. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:121-132. [PMID: 36718653 PMCID: PMC9950670 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0214.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pellino1 (Peli1) has been reported to regulate various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to explore the role of Peli1 in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA), so as to find new targets for the treatment of OA. METHODS After inhibiting Peli1 expression in chondrocytes with small interfering RNA (siRNA), interleukin (IL)-1β was used to simulate inflammation, and OA-related indicators such as synthesis, decomposition, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway were detected. After inhibiting the expression of Peli1 in macrophages Raw 264.7 with siRNA and intervening with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the polarization index of macrophages was detected, and the supernatant of macrophage medium was extracted as conditioned medium to act on chondrocytes and detect the apoptosis index. The OA model of mice was established by destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and adenovirus was injected into the knee cavity to reduce the expression of Peli1. The degree of cartilage destruction and synovitis were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In chondrocytes, knockdown of Peli1 produced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by targeting the TLR and NF-κB signalling pathways. We found that in macrophages, knockdown of Peli1 can inhibit M1-type polarization of macrophages. In addition, the corresponding conditioned culture medium of macrophages applied to chondrocytes can also produce an anti-apoptotic effect. During in vivo experiments, the results have also shown that knockdown Peli1 reduces cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation. CONCLUSION Knockdown of Peli1 has a therapeutic effect on OA, which therefore makes it a potential therapeutic target for OA.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):121-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlai Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, Anmin Chen. E-mail:
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Chen H, Hou Y, Zhai Y, Yang J, Que L, Liu J, Lu L, Ha T, Li C, Xu Y, Li J, Li Y. Peli1 deletion in macrophages attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing M1 polarization. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:95-108. [PMID: 36822176 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages to the M1 or M2 phenotype has a pivotal role in inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Peli1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is closely associated with inflammation and autoimmunity as an important regulatory protein in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We aimed to explore the function of Peli1 in macrophage polarization under myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and elucidate the possible mechanisms. We show here that Peli1 is upregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, which is correlated with myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. We also found that the proportion of M1 macrophages was reduced and myocardial infarct size was decreased, paralleling improvement of cardiac function in mice with Peli1 deletion in hematopoietic cells or macrophages. Macrophage Peli1 deletion lessened M1 polarization and reduced the migratory ability in vitro. Mechanistically, Peli1 contributed to M1 polarization by promoting K63-linked ubiquitination and nuclear translocation of IRF5. Moreover, Peli1 deficiency in macrophages reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro. Together, our study demonstrates that Peli1 deficiency in macrophages suppresses macrophage M1 polarization and alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF5, which may serve as a potential intervention target for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yali Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linli Que
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Linming Lu
- Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, 22 Wenchang West Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Campus Box 70575, Johnson City, TN 37614-0575, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Campus Box 70575, Johnson City, TN 37614-0575, United States
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Kim SH, Oh J, Roh WS, Park J, Chung KB, Lee GH, Lee YS, Kim JH, Lee HK, Lee H, Park CO, Kim DY, Lee MG, Kim TG. Pellino-1 promotes intrinsic activation of skin-resident IL-17A-producing T cells in psoriasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1317-1328. [PMID: 36646143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease primarily perpetuated by skin-resident IL-17-producing T (T17) cells. Pellino-1 (Peli1) belongs to a member of E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating immune receptor signaling cascades, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. OBJECTIVE We explored the potential role of Peli1 in psoriatic inflammation in the context of skin-resident T17 cells. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of relapsing and resolved psoriatic lesions with analysis for validation data set of psoriasis. Mice with systemic and conditional depletion of Peli1 were generated to evaluate the role of Peli1 in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. Pharmacologic inhibition of Peli1 in human CD4+ T cells and ex vivo human skin cultures was also examined to evaluate its potential therapeutic implications. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed distinct T-cell subsets in relapsing psoriasis exhibiting highly enriched gene signatures for (1) tissue-resident T cells, (2) T17 cells, and (3) NF-κB signaling pathway including PELI1. Peli1-deficient mice were profoundly protected from psoriasiform dermatitis, with reduced IL-17A production and NF-κB activation in γδ T17 cells. Mice with conditional depletion of Peli1 treated with FTY720 revealed that Peli1 was intrinsically required for the skin-resident T17 cell immune responses. Notably, pharmacologic inhibition of Peli1 significantly ameliorated murine psoriasiform dermatitis and IL-17A production from the stimulated human CD4+ T cells and ex vivo skin explants modeling psoriasis. CONCLUSION Targeting Peli1 would be a promising therapeutic strategy for psoriasis by limiting skin-resident T17 cell immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongwook Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seok Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeyun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Bae Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Deparment of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Chang-Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Geol Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tae-Gyun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Chen L, Chen R, Yao M, Feng Z, Yuan G, Ye F, Nguyen K, Karn J, McComsey GA, McIntyre TM, Jin G. COVID-19 plasma exosomes promote proinflammatory immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21779. [PMID: 36526691 PMCID: PMC9756928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum cytokine production in COVID-19 patients is associated with disease progression and severity. However, the stimuli that initiate cytokine production in patients remain to be fully revealed. Virus-infected cells release virus-associated exosomes, extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, into the blood to deliver viral cargoes able to regulate immune responses. Here, we report that plasma exosomes of COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and stimulate robust production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by human peripheral mononuclear cells. Exosome depletion abolished these stimulated responses. COVID-19 plasma exosomes induced proinflammatory responses in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD14+ monocytes but not significantly in regulatory T cells, Th17 T cells, or central memory T cells. COVID-19 plasma exosomes protect the SARS-CoV-2 dsRNA cargo from RNase and deliver the dsRNA into recipient cells. These exosomes significantly increase expression of endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in peripheral T cells and monocytes. A pharmacological inhibitor of TLR3 considerably reduced cytokine and chemokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not by CD14+ monocytes, highlighting divergent signaling pathways of immune cells in response to COVID-19 plasma exosomes. Our results identify a novel model of intercellular crosstalk following SARS-CoV-2 infection that evoke immune responses positioned to contribute to elevated cytokine production associated with COVID-19 progression, severity, and long-haul symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lechuang Chen
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, the MetroHealth System Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Zhimin Feng
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, the MetroHealth System Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Guoxiang Yuan
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, the MetroHealth System Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Grace A McComsey
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Ge Jin
- Rammelkamp Center for Research and Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, the MetroHealth System Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
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24
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The identification and validation of hub genes associated with advanced IPF by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1127-1138. [PMID: 36107393 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00901-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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25
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Huang S, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Huang J, Jia R. Viruses utilize ubiquitination systems to escape TLR/RLR-mediated innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1065211. [PMID: 36505476 PMCID: PMC9732732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When the viruses invade the body, they will be recognized by the host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll like receptor (TLR) or retinoic acid-induced gene-I like receptor (RLR), thus causing the activation of downstream antiviral signals to resist the virus invasion. The cross action between ubiquitination and proteins in these signal cascades enhances the antiviral signal. On the contrary, more and more viruses have also been found to use the ubiquitination system to inhibit TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity. Therefore, this review summarizes how the ubiquitination system plays a regulatory role in TLR/RLR mediated innate immunity, and how viruses use the ubiquitination system to complete immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhi Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Renyong Jia,
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26
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Li Z, Hadlich F, Wimmers K, Murani E. Glucocorticoid receptor hypersensitivity enhances inflammatory signaling and inhibits cell cycle progression in porcine PBMCs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:976454. [PMID: 36505401 PMCID: PMC9730246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.976454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) hypersensitivity during infection have so far received little attention. We previously discovered that a natural gain-of-function Ala610Val substitution in the porcine GR aggravates response of pigs to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia, which can be alleviated by dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment. In this work, we investigated the relevant molecular basis of these phenotypes by transcriptomic profiling of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) carrying different GR genotypes, in unstimulated conditions or in response to DEX and/or LPS in vitro. The Val allele differentially regulated abunda+nt genes in an additive-genetic manner. A subset of more than 200 genes was consistently affected by the substitution across treatments. This was associated with upregulation of genes related i.a. to endo-lysosomal system, lipid and protein catabolism, and immune terms including platelet activation, and antigen presentation, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in cell cycle regulation. Most importantly, the set of genes constitutively upregulated by Val includes members of the TLR4/LPS signaling pathway, such as LY96. Consequently, when exposing PBMCs to LPS treatment, the Val variant upregulated a panel of additional genes related to TLR4 and several other pattern recognition receptors, as well as cell death and lymphocyte signaling, ultimately amplifying the inflammatory responses. In contrast, when stimulated by DEX treatment, the Val allele orchestrated several genes involved in anti-inflammatory responses during infection. This study provides novel insights into the impact of GR hypersensitivity on the fate and function of immune cells, which may be useful for endotoxemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Frieder Hadlich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany,*Correspondence: Eduard Murani,
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27
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Zhang X, Li X, Xiong G, Yun F, Feng Y, Ni Q, Wu N, Yang L, Yi Z, Zhang Q, Yang Z, Kuang Y, Sai B, Zhu Y. Palmitic Acid Promotes Lung Metastasis of Melanomas via the TLR4/TRIF-Peli1-pNF-κB Pathway. Metabolites 2022; 12:1132. [PMID: 36422271 PMCID: PMC9696090 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet plays an important role in aggravating cancers. Palmitic acid (PA) is one of the components of saturated fatty acids; it has been reported to promote tumor proliferation in melanomas, but the signal transduction pathway mediated by palmitic acid remains unclear. This study showed that palmitic acid can promote the lung metastasis of melanomas. Moreover, the interaction between palmitic acid and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was predicted by molecular docking. The experimental results proved that palmitic acid could promote the TLR4 and Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) expression. The expression of Pellino1 (Peli1) and the phosphorylation of NF-kappa B (pNF-κB) were downregulated after the suppression of TLR4 and the silencing of Peli1 also inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Therefore, we concluded that palmitic acid promoted the lung metastasis of melanomas through the TLR4/TRIF-Peli1-pNF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guohang Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fang Yun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qinxuan Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zihan Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yingmin Kuang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Buqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuechun Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
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28
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Flow cytometric reporter assays provide robust functional analysis of signaling complexes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102666. [PMID: 36334634 PMCID: PMC9747584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional assays to probe signaling protein interactions and function involve measurement of luciferase reporter expression within the bulk cell population, with lack of control over target-protein expression level. To address this issue, we have developed a rapid and robust flow cytometric assay for analysis of signaling protein function. A fluorescent reporter and fluorescent tagging of the target protein enables simultaneous assessment of protein expression and signaling within individual cells. We have applied our technique to the analysis of variants of the lipopolysaccharide receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its adapter protein MyD88, using a NF-кB-responsive promoter driving mScarlet-I expression. The assay enables exclusion of nontransfected cells and overexpressing cells that signal spontaneously. Additionally, our assay allows the identification of protein variants that fail to express. We found that the assays were highly sensitive, with cells expressing an appropriate level of GFP-MyD88 showing approximately 200-fold induction of mScarlet-I by lipopolysaccharide, and we can detect subtle protein concentration-dependent effects of mutations. Importantly, the assay is adaptable to various signaling pathways.
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29
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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30
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Wu J, Li T, Mao G, Cha X, Fei S, Miao B. The involvement of Pellino-1 downregulation in the modulation of visceral hypersensitivity via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the rat fastigial nucleus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 787:136815. [PMID: 35901910 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder whose key characteristics include chronic visceral hypersensitivity (CVH) and abnormal brain-gut interactions. Pellino-1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediating the degradation or modification of targeted proteins. Some brain regions, such as the fastigial nucleus (FN), may play important roles in CVH; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear. In this study, we assessed the roles of Pellino-1 within the FN in modulating VH by generating a colorectal distention (CRD) model in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Our results showed that the downregulation of Pellino-1 in the fastigial nucleus (FN) was involved in the modulation of visceral hypersensitivity. The expression of Pellino-1 was downregulated in the FN of adult CRD rats compared with control rats, whereas TLR4 and NF-κB were upregulated in the CRD model. To overexpress Pellino-1, a lentivirus specifically expressing Pellino-1 and green fluorescent protein was administered into the FN. The overexpression of Pellino-1 increased the visceral sensitivity of CRD rats, and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB increased further. After administration of TAK-242 (a specific TLR4 inhibitor), the visceral response to overexpression of Pellino-1 was reversed. Overall, the findings indicated the involvement of the FN in the development of CVH; the downregulation of Pellino-1 in the FN acted through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway to protect against CVH in a CRD rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Wu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangtong Mao
- Department of Pathology, Xinyi People's Hospital, 16 Renmin Road, Xinyi 221400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiuli Cha
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sujuan Fei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bei Miao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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31
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Burger F, Baptista D, Roth A, Brandt KJ, Miteva K. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Peli1 Deficiency Promotes Atherosclerosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132014. [PMID: 35805095 PMCID: PMC9265341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the main cause of death and morbidity. Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitination plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis including control of vascular inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function and atherosclerotic plaque stability. Peli1 a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase has emerged as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immunity, however, its role in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. Methods: Apoe−/− mice and Peli1-deficient Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice were subject to high cholesterol diet. Post sacrifice, serum was collected, and atherosclerotic plaque size and parameters of atherosclerotic plaque stability were evaluated. Immunoprofiling and foam cell quantification were performed. Results: Peli1 deficiency does not affect atherosclerosis lesion burden and cholesterol levels, but promotes VSMCs foam cells formation, necrotic core expansion, collagen, and fibrous cap reduction. Apoe−/− Peli1−/− mice exhibit a storm of inflammatory cytokines, expansion of Th1, Th1, Th17, and Tfh cells, a decrease in regulatory T and B cells and induction of pro-atherogenic serum level of IgG2a and IgE. Conclusions: In the present study, we uncover a crucial role for Peli1 in atherosclerosis as an important regulator of inflammation and VSMCs phenotypic modulation and subsequently atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35309296 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zongo AWS, Zogona D, Zhang Z, Youssef M, Zhou P, Chen Y, Geng F, Chen Y, Li J, Li B. Immunomodulatory activity of Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr seed polysaccharide fraction through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages. Food Funct 2022; 13:4664-4677. [PMID: 35377370 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04432j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Senegalia macrostachya (Reichenb. ex DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr seed (SMS) is a wild legume used as food and medicine in many African countries. In the current study, a novel polysaccharide (SMSP2) was extracted from SMS using hot water and purified with DEAE-52 cellulose. Its structure was characterized, and the immunomodulatory activity and possible molecular mechanism in murine macrophage RAW264.7 were explored. The results revealed that SMSP2 was a uronic acid-rich polysaccharide (51.6%, w/w) with a molecular weight of 52.07 kDa. The neutral sugars were mainly arabinose, xylose, mannose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00 : 0.84 : 0.90 : 0.07. Interestingly, SMSP2 treatment markedly promoted macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis and induced the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. SMSP2-induced macrophage stimulation occurs through the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Moreover, macrophage surface complement receptor 3 (CR3) might play an important role in SMSP2-induced macrophage activation. This study revealed that SMSP2 is a potent immunomodulator, which could be used as a functional food and a pharmaceutical adjuvant in treating immune-compromising diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Daniel Zogona
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Mahmoud Youssef
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peiyuan Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Duan T, Du Y, Xing C, Wang HY, Wang RF. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:812774. [PMID: 35309296 PMCID: PMC8927970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition and induction of innate immune responses. Since their discovery, TLRs have revolutionized the field of immunology by filling the gap between the initial recognition of pathogens by innate immune cells and the activation of the adaptive immune response. TLRs critically link innate immunity to adaptive immunity by regulating the activation of antigen-presenting cells and key cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies also have shown that TLR signaling can directly regulate the T cell activation, growth, differentiation, development, and function under diverse physiological conditions. This review provides an overview of TLR signaling pathways and their regulators and discusses how TLR signaling, directly and indirectly, regulates cell-mediated immunity. In addition, we also discuss how TLR signaling is critically important in the host's defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Zhang E, Li X. The Emerging Roles of Pellino Family in Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728794. [PMID: 35197966 PMCID: PMC8860249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pellino family is a novel and well-conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase family and consists of Pellino1, Pellino2, and Pellino3. Each family member exhibits a highly conserved structure providing ubiquitin ligase activity without abrogating cell and structure-specific function. In this review, we mainly summarized the crucial roles of the Pellino family in pattern recognition receptor-related signaling pathways: IL-1R signaling, Toll-like signaling, NOD-like signaling, T-cell and B-cell signaling, and cell death-related TNFR signaling. We also summarized the current information of the Pellino family in tumorigenesis, microRNAs, and other phenotypes. Finally, we discussed the outstanding questions of the Pellino family in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Li,
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36
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Park J, Lee SY, Jeon Y, Kim KM, Lee JK, Ko J, Park EJ, Yoon JS, Kang BE, Ryu D, Lee H, Shin SJ, Go H, Lee CW. The Pellino1-PKCθ signaling axis is an essential target for improving anti-tumor CD8+ T-lymphocyte function. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:327-342. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Pradeep SR, Ukani G, Abunnaja S, Youssef M, Accorsi D, Swaminathan S, Lim ST, Parker V, Campbell J, Rishi MT, Palesty JA, Maulik N. Gene therapy with Pellino-1 improves perfusion and decreases tissue loss in Flk-1 heterozygous mice but fails in MAPKAP Kinase-2 knockout murine hind limb ischemia model. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104311. [PMID: 34999110 PMCID: PMC9250804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, over 8.5 million people suffer from peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Previously we reported that Pellino-1(Peli1) gene therapy reduces ischemic damage in the myocardium and skin flaps in Flk-1 [Fetal Liver kinase receptor-1 (Flk-1)/ Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/VEGFR2] heterozygous (Flk-1+/-) mice. The present study compares the angiogenic response and perfusion efficiency following hind limb ischemia (HLI) in, Flk-1+/- and, MAPKAPKINASE2 (MK2-/-) knockout (KO) mice to their control wild type (WT). We also demonstrated the use of Peli1 gene therapy to improve loss of function following HLI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Femoral artery ligation (HLI) was performed in both Flk-1+/-and MK2-/-mice along with their corresponding WT. Another set of Flk-1+/- and MK2-/- were injected with either Adeno-LacZ (Ad.LacZ) or Adeno-Peli1 (Ad.Peli1) after HLI. Hind limb perfusion was assessed by laser doppler imaging at specific time points. A standardized scoring scale is used to quantify the extent of ischemia. Histology analysis performed includes capillary density, fibrosis, pro-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic proteins. RESULTS Flk-1+/- and MK2-/- had a slower recovery of perfusion efficiency in the ischemic limbs than controls. Both Flk-1+/-and MK2-/-KO mice showed decreased capillary density and capillary myocyte ratios with increased fibrosis than their corresponding wild types. Ad.Peli1 injected ischemic Flk-1+/- limb showed improved perfusion, increased capillary density, and pro-angiogenic molecules with reduced fibrosis compared to Ad.LacZ group. No significant improvement in perfusion was observed in MK2-/- ischemic limb after Ad. Peli1 injection. CONCLUSION Deletion of Flk-1 and MK2 impairs neovascularization and perfusion following HLI. Treatment with Ad. Peli1 results in increased angiogenesis and improved perfusion in Flk-1+/- mice but fails to rectify perfusion in MK2 KO mice. Overall, Peli1 gene therapy is a promising candidate for the treatment of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Seetur R Pradeep
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Gopi Ukani
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Salim Abunnaja
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Mark Youssef
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Diego Accorsi
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Santosh Swaminathan
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Sue Ting Lim
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Virginia Parker
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Jacob Campbell
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA
| | - Muhammad Tipu Rishi
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA; Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - J Alexander Palesty
- Stanley J. Dudrick, Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury 06706, CT, USA
| | - Nilanjana Maulik
- Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington 06030, CT, USA.
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38
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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) in Innate Immunity. TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs Ligands as Immunotherapeutic Agents for Hematopoietic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413397. [PMID: 34948194 PMCID: PMC8704656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a pivotal role in the first line of host defense against infections and is equipped with patterns recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Several classes of PRRS, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize distinct microbial components and directly activate immune cells. TLRs are transmembrane receptors, while NLRs and RLRs are intracellular molecules. Exposure of immune cells to the ligands of these receptors activates intracellular signaling cascades that rapidly induce the expression of a variety of overlapping and unique genes involved in the inflammatory and immune responses. The innate immune system also influences pathways involved in cancer immunosurveillance. Natural and synthetic agonists of TLRs, NLRs, or RLRs can trigger cell death in malignant cells, recruit immune cells, such as DCs, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells, into the tumor microenvironment, and are being explored as promising adjuvants in cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we provide a concise overview of TLRs, NLRs, and RLRs: their structure, functions, signaling pathways, and regulation. We also describe various ligands for these receptors and their possible application in treatment of hematopoietic diseases.
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Dai D, Zhou H, Yin L, Ye F, Yuan X, You T, Zhao X, Long W, Wang D, He X, Feng J, Chen D. PELI1 promotes radiotherapy sensitivity by inhibiting noncanonical NF-κB in esophageal squamous cancer. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1384-1401. [PMID: 34738714 PMCID: PMC8936515 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The low sensitivity of radiotherapy is the main cause of tumor tolerance against ionizing radiation (IR). However, the molecular mechanisms by which radiosensitivity is controlled remain elusive. Here, we observed that high expression of pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (PELI1) was correlated with improved prognosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma stage III patients that received adjuvant radiotherapy. Moreover, we found PELI1‐mediated IR‐induced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, PELI1 mediated the lysine 48 (Lys48)–linked polyubiquitination and degradation of NF‐κB–inducing kinase (NIK; also known as MAP3K14), the master kinase of the noncanonical NF‐κB pathway, thereby inhibiting IR‐induced activation of the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway during radiotherapy. As a consequence, PELI1 inhibited the noncanonical NF‐κB–induced expression of the anti‐apoptotic gene BCL2 like 1 (Bclxl; also known as BCL2L1), leading to an enhancement of the IR‐induced apoptosis signaling pathway and ultimately promoting IR‐induced apoptosis in tumor cells. Therefore, Bclxl or NIK knockdown abolished the apoptosis‐resistant effect in PELI1‐knockdown tumor cells after radiotherapy. These findings establish PELI1 as a critical tumor intrinsic regulator in controlling the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy through modulating IR‐induced noncanonical NF‐κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Dai
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tao You
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weiguo Long
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Oleszycka E, Rodgers AM, Xu L, Moynagh PN. Dendritic Cell-Specific Role for Pellino2 as a Mediator of TLR9 Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2325-2336. [PMID: 34588221 PMCID: PMC8525870 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates immune signaling, and multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases have been studied in the context of their role in immunity. Despite this progress, the physiological roles of the Pellino E3 ubiquitin ligases, especially Pellino2, in immune regulation remain largely unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to elucidate the role of Pellino2 in murine dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we reveal a critical role of Pellino2 in regulation of the proinflammatory response following TLR9 stimulation. Pellino2-deficient murine DCs show impaired secretion of IL-6 and IL-12. Loss of Pellino2 does not affect TLR9-induced activation of NF-κB or MAPKs, pathways that drive expression of IL-6 and IL-12. Furthermore, DCs from Pellino2-deficient mice show impaired production of type I IFN following endosomal TLR9 activation, and it partly mediates a feed-forward loop of IFN-β that promotes IL-12 production in DCs. We also observe that Pellino2 in murine DCs is downregulated following TLR9 stimulation, and its overexpression induces upregulation of both IFN-β and IL-12, demonstrating the sufficiency of Pellino2 in driving these responses. This suggests that Pellino2 is critical for executing TLR9 signaling, with its expression being tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammatory response. Overall, this study highlights a (to our knowledge) novel role for Pellino2 in regulating DC functions and further supports important roles for Pellino proteins in mediating and controlling immunity. Pellino2 mediates TLR9-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells. Pellino2 does not play a role in TLR9 signaling in macrophages. Pellino2 is a limiting factor for TLR9 signaling in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleszycka
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Aoife M Rodgers
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Linan Xu
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and
| | - Paul N Moynagh
- Department of Biology, The Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland; and .,Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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41
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Peli1 facilitates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mediating ASC ubiquitination. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109904. [PMID: 34706239 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are crucial for innate immunity against infections and, when deregulated, also contribute to inflammatory diseases. Here, we identify a critical function of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 in regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Peli1 deficiency impairs induction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion by different NLRP3 inducers, but not by inducers of the Aim2, NLRP1, and NLRC4 inflammasomes. Peli1-deficient mice have alleviated peritonitis induction by alum and display increased resistance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin shock, coupled with decreased serum concentration of IL-1β. Peli1 is required for NLRP3-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation. Mechanistically, Peli1 conjugates K63 ubiquitin chain to lysine 55 of the inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), which in turn facilitates ASC/NLRP3 interaction and ASC oligomerization, thereby contributing to inflammasome activation. Peli1 deficiency impairs the ubiquitination of ASC and inhibits inflammasome activation. Our findings establish Peli1 as an important inflammasome regulator and suggest a mechanism by which Peli1 mediates inflammatory responses.
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42
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Cristea I, Bruland O, Aukrust I, Rødahl E, Bredrup C. Pellino-2 in nonimmune cells: novel interaction partners and intracellular localization. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2909-2921. [PMID: 34674267 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pellino-2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates intracellular signaling in innate immune pathways. Most studies of endogenous Pellino-2 have been performed in macrophages, but none in nonimmune cells. Using yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation, we identified six novel interaction partners of Pellino-2, with various localizations: insulin receptor substrate 1, NIMA-related kinase 9, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7, cyclin-F, roundabout homolog 1, and disheveled homolog 2. Pellino-2 showed cytoplasmic localization in a wide range of nonimmune cells under physiological potassium concentrations. Treatment with the potassium ionophore nigericin resulted in nuclear localization of Pellino-2, which was reversed by the potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium. Live-cell imaging revealed intracellular migration of GFP-tagged Pellino-2. In summary, Pellino-2 interacts with proteins at different cellular locations, taking part in dynamic processes that change its intracellular localization influenced by potassium efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Cristea
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ove Bruland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Bredrup
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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43
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Spies LML, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Acquired Glucocorticoid Resistance Due to Homologous Glucocorticoid Receptor Downregulation: A Modern Look at an Age-Old Problem. Cells 2021; 10:2529. [PMID: 34685511 PMCID: PMC8533966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 70 years, the unique anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GCs), which mediate their effects via the ligand-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα), have allowed for the use of these steroid hormones in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory-linked diseases. However, aside from the onset of severe side-effects, chronic GC therapy often leads to the ligand-mediated downregulation of the GRα which, in turn, leads to a decrease in GC sensitivity, and effectively, the development of acquired GC resistance. Although the ligand-mediated downregulation of GRα is well documented, the precise factors which influence this process are not well understood and, thus, the development of an acquired GC resistance presents an ever-increasing challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, however, studies have correlated the dimerization status of the GRα with its ligand-mediated downregulation. Therefore, the current review will be discussing the major role-players in the homologous downregulation of the GRα pool, with a specific focus on previously reported GC-mediated reductions in GRα mRNA and protein levels, the molecular mechanisms through which the GRα functional pool is maintained and the possible impact of receptor conformation on GC-mediated GRα downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Van de Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (L.-M.L.S.); (N.J.D.V.)
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44
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Zheng X, Li S, Yang H. Roles of Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Human Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667454. [PMID: 33986756 PMCID: PMC8111175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the TLR family, which is an important group of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLR3 can recognize double-stranded RNA and induce activation of NF-κB and the production of type I interferons. In addition to its immune-associated role, TLR3 has also been detected in some tumors. However TLR3 can play protumor or antitumor roles in different tumors or cell lines. Here, we review the basic signaling associated with TLR3 and the pro- or antitumor roles of TLR3 in different types of tumors and discuss the possible reasons for the opposing roles of TLR3 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Yang C, Zhao K, Chen X, Jiang L, Li P, Huang P. Pellino1 deficiency reprograms cardiomyocytes energy metabolism in lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction. Amino Acids 2021; 53:713-737. [PMID: 33885999 PMCID: PMC8128834 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pellino1 has been shown to regulate proinflammatory genes by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, which are important in the pathological development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocarditis. However, it is still unknown whether silencing Pellino1 (si-Pellino1) has a therapeutic effect on this disease. Here, we showed that silencing Pellino1 can be a potential protective strategy for abnormal myocardial energy metabolism in LPS-induced myocarditis. We used liquid chromatography electrospray–ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to analyze samples from si-Pellino1 neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) treated with LPS or left untreated. After normalization of the data, metabolite interaction analysis of matched KEGG pathway associations following si-Pellino1 treatment was applied, accompanied by interaction analysis of gene and metabolite associations after this treatment. Moreover, we used western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses to determine the expression of genes involved in regulating cardiac energy and energy metabolism in different groups. LC–MS-based metabolic profiling analysis demonstrated that si-Pellino1 treatment could alleviate or even reverse LPS-induced cellular damage by altering cardiomyocytes energy metabolism accompanied by changes in key genes (Cs, Cpt2, and Acadm) and metabolites (3-oxoocotanoyl-CoA, hydroxypyruvic acid, lauroyl-CoA, and NADPH) in NRCMs. Overall, our study unveiled the promising cardioprotective effect of silencing Pellino1 in LPS-induced myocarditis through fuel and energy metabolic regulation, which can also serve as biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Peipei Huang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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46
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Li Y, Tan W, Ye F, Wen S, Hu R, Cai X, Wang K, Wang Z. Inflammation as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: data from a microarray data analysis. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520921671. [PMID: 32367757 PMCID: PMC7222654 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520921671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is a severe complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to
discover key genes and microRNAs related to stroke risk in patients with AF
using bioinformatics analysis. Methods GSE66724 microarray data, including peripheral blood samples from eight
patients with AF and stroke and eight patients with AF without stroke, were
downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially
expressed genes (DEGs) between AF patients with and without stroke were
identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis was
performed using the DAVID database. A protein–protein interaction (PPI)
network was obtained using the STRING database. MicroRNAs (miRs) targeting
these DEGs were obtained from the miRNet database. A miR–DEG network was
constructed using Cytoscape software. Results We identified 165 DEGs (141 upregulated and 24 downregulated). Enrichment
analysis showed enrichment of certain inflammatory processes. The miR–DEG
network revealed key genes, including MEF2A,
CAND1, PELI1, and
PDCD4, and microRNAs, including miR-1, miR-1-3p,
miR-21, miR-21-5p, miR-192, miR-192-5p, miR-155, and miR-155-5p. Conclusion Dysregulation of certain genes and microRNAs involved in inflammation may be
associated with a higher risk of stroke in patients with AF. Evaluating
these biomarkers could improve prediction, prevention, and treatment of
stroke in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wulin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Singh H, Koury J, Kaul M. Innate Immune Sensing of Viruses and Its Consequences for the Central Nervous System. Viruses 2021; 13:170. [PMID: 33498715 PMCID: PMC7912342 DOI: 10.3390/v13020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections remain a global public health concern and cause a severe societal and economic burden. At the organismal level, the innate immune system is essential for the detection of viruses and constitutes the first line of defense. Viral components are sensed by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs can be further classified based on their localization into Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLR), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and cytosolic DNA sensors (CDS). TLR and RLR signaling results in production of type I interferons (IFNα and -β) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a cell-specific manner, whereas NLR signaling leads to the production of interleukin-1 family proteins. On the other hand, CLRs are capable of sensing glycans present in viral pathogens, which can induce phagocytic, endocytic, antimicrobial, and pro- inflammatory responses. Peripheral immune sensing of viruses and the ensuing cytokine response can significantly affect the central nervous system (CNS). But viruses can also directly enter the CNS via a multitude of routes, such as the nasal epithelium, along nerve fibers connecting to the periphery and as cargo of infiltrating infected cells passing through the blood brain barrier, triggering innate immune sensing and cytokine responses directly in the CNS. Here, we review mechanisms of viral immune sensing and currently recognized consequences for the CNS of innate immune responses to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Singh
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (H.S.); (J.K.)
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffrey Koury
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (H.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Marcus Kaul
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; (H.S.); (J.K.)
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Ko C, Zhang L, Jie Z, Zhu L, Zhou X, Xie X, Gao T, Yang J, Cheng X, Sun S. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 regulates the metabolic actions of mTORC1 to suppress antitumor T cell responses. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104532. [PMID: 33215753 PMCID: PMC7809702 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic fitness of T cells is crucial for immune responses against infections and tumorigenesis. Both the T cell receptor (TCR) signal and environmental cues contribute to the induction of T cell metabolic reprogramming, but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Peli1 as an important regulator of T cell metabolism and antitumor immunity. Peli1 ablation profoundly promotes tumor rejection, associated with increased tumor-infiltrating CD4 and CD8 T cells. The Peli1-deficient T cells display markedly stronger metabolic activities, particularly glycolysis, than wild-type T cells. Peli1 controls the activation of a metabolic kinase, mTORC1, stimulated by both the TCR signal and growth factors, and this function of Peli1 is mediated through regulation of the mTORC1-inhibitory proteins, TSC1 and TSC2. Peli1 mediates non-degradative ubiquitination of TSC1, thereby promoting TSC1-TSC2 dimerization and TSC2 stabilization. These results establish Peli1 as a novel regulator of mTORC1 and downstream mTORC1-mediated actions on T cell metabolism and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Jung Ko
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Center for Reproductive MedicineHenan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and GeneticsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lele Zhu
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jin‐Young Yang
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesPusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Shao‐Cong Sun
- Department of ImmunologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHoustonTXUSA
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49
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Zhou X, Sun SC. Targeting ubiquitin signaling for cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33436547 PMCID: PMC7804490 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has become an attractive approach of cancer treatment with tremendous success in treating various advanced malignancies. The development and clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors represent one of the most extraordinary accomplishments in cancer immunotherapy. In addition, considerable progress is being made in understanding the mechanism of antitumor immunity and characterizing novel targets for developing additional therapeutic approaches. One active area of investigation is protein ubiquitination, a post-translational mechanism of protein modification that regulates the function of diverse immune cells in antitumor immunity. Accumulating studies suggest that E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases form a family of potential targets to be exploited for enhancing antitumor immunity in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Box 902, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kumar V. Going, Toll-like receptors in skin inflammation and inflammatory diseases. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:52-79. [PMID: 33510592 PMCID: PMC7838829 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Ayurvedic physicians knew the concept of inflammation dating back to 1500 BC. The continuous progress in the immunology of inflammation has explained its undiscovered mechanisms. For example, the discovery of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in humans (1997) has revolutionized the field of infection biology and innate immunity. The laboratory mice have shown twelve TLRs and express TLR10 (CD290) as a disrupted pseudogene, and humans have ten functional TLRs. Now, it is well established that TLRs play a significant role in different infectious and inflammatory diseases. Skin inflammation and other associated inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), acne vulgaris, and psoriasis, along with many skin cancers are major health problems all over the world. The continuous development in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases has opened the window of opportunity for TLRs in studying their role. Hence, the manuscript explores the role of different TLRs in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation and associated inflammatory diseases. The article starts with the concept of inflammation, its origin, and the impact of TLRs discovery on infection and inflammation biology. The subsequent section describes the burden of skin-associated inflammatory diseases worldwide and the effect of the geographical habitat of people affecting it. The third section explains skin as an immune organ and explains the expression of different TLRs on different skin cells, including keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), skin fibroblasts, and melanocytes. The fourth section describes the impact of TLRs on these cells in different skin-inflammatory conditions, including acne vulgaris, AD, psoriasis, and skin cancers. The article also discusses the use of different TLR-based therapeutic approaches as specific to these inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia
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