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Taheri MM, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0. [PMID: 38995478 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
NKT cells, unique lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity, offer significant potential for managing inflammatory disorders like asthma. Activating iNKT induces increasing IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, and IL-10 potentially suppressing allergic asthma. However, their immunomodulatory effects, including granzyme-perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, and expression of TIM-3 and TRAIL warrant careful consideration and targeted approaches. Although CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating certain cancers, its limitations necessitate exploring alternative approaches. In this context, CAR-NKT cells emerge as a promising approach for overcoming these challenges, potentially achieving safer and more effective immunotherapies. Strategies involve targeting distinct IgE-receptors and their interactions with CAR-NKT cells, potentially disrupting allergen-mast cell/basophil interactions and preventing inflammatory cytokine release. Additionally, targeting immune checkpoints like PDL-2, inducible ICOS, FASL, CTLA-4, and CD137 or dectin-1 for fungal asthma could further modulate immune responses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning hold immense promise for revolutionizing NKT cell-based asthma therapy. AI can optimize CAR-NKT cell functionalities, design personalized treatment strategies, and unlock a future of precise and effective care. This review discusses various approaches to enhancing CAR-NKT cell efficacy and longevity, along with the challenges and opportunities they present in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Cancer Gene therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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2
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Evans L, Barral P. CD1 molecules: Beyond antigen presentation. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:1-8. [PMID: 38579449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
CD1 molecules are well known for their role in binding and presenting lipid antigens to mediate the activation of CD1-restricted T cells. However, much less appreciated is the fact that CD1 molecules can have additional "unconventional" roles which impact the activation and functions of CD1-expressing cells, ultimately controlling tissue homeostasis as well as the progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Some of these roles are mediated by so-called reverse signalling, by which crosslinking of CD1 molecules at the cell surface initiates intracellular signalling. On the other hand, CD1 molecules can also control metabolic and inflammatory pathways in CD1-expressing cells through cell-intrinsic mechanisms independent of CD1 ligation. Here, we review the evidence for "unconventional" functions of CD1 molecules and the outcomes of such roles for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Evans
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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3
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Boonchalermvichian C, Yan H, Gupta B, Rubin A, Baker J, Negrin RS. invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in hematological malignancies. FRONTIERS IN TRANSPLANTATION 2024; 3:1353803. [PMID: 38993780 PMCID: PMC11235242 DOI: 10.3389/frtra.2024.1353803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Invariant Natural Killer T cell therapy is an emerging platform of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. This unique cell population is a promising candidate for cell therapy for cancer treatment because of its inherent cytotoxicity against CD1d positive cancers as well as its ability to induce host CD8 T cell cross priming. Substantial evidence supports that iNKT cells can modulate myelomonocytic populations in the tumor microenvironment to ameliorate immune dysregulation to antagonize tumor progression. iNKT cells can also protect from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) through several mechanisms, including the expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg). Ultimately, iNKT cell-based therapy can retain antitumor activity while providing protection against GVHD simultaneously. Therefore, these biological properties render iNKT cells as a promising "off-the-shelf" therapy for diverse hematological malignancies and possible solid tumors. Further the introduction of a chimeric antigen recetor (CAR) can further target iNKT cells and enhance function. We foresee that improved vector design and other strategies such as combinatorial treatments with small molecules or immune checkpoint inhibitors could improve CAR iNKT in vivo persistence, functionality and leverage anti-tumor activity along with the abatement of iNKT cell dysfunction or exhaustion.
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O’Hara MP, Yanamandra AV, Sastry KJ. Immunity from NK Cell Subsets Is Important for Vaccine-Mediated Protection in HPV+ Cancers. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:206. [PMID: 38400189 PMCID: PMC10892709 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with genital and oral cancers, and the incidence of HPV+ head and neck squamous cell cancers is fast increasing in the USA and worldwide. Survival rates for patients with locally advanced disease are poor after standard-of-care chemoradiation treatment. Identifying the antitumor host immune mediators important for treatment response and designing strategies to promote them are essential. We reported earlier that in a syngeneic immunocompetent preclinical HPV tumor mouse model, intranasal immunization with an HPV peptide therapeutic vaccine containing the combination of aGalCer and CpG-ODN adjuvants (TVAC) promoted clearance of HPV vaginal tumors via induction of a strong cytotoxic T cell response. However, TVAC was insufficient in the clearance of HPV oral tumors. To overcome this deficiency, we tested substituting aGalCer with a clinically relevant adjuvant QS21 (TVQC) and observed sustained, complete regression of over 70% of oral and 80% of vaginal HPV tumors. The TVQC-mediated protection in the oral tumor model correlated with not only strong total and HPV-antigen-specific CD8 T cells, but also natural killer dendritic cells (NKDCs), a novel subset of NK cells expressing the DC marker CD11c. Notably, we observed induction of significantly higher overall innate NK effector responses by TVQC relative to TVAC. Furthermore, in mice treated with TVQC, the frequencies of total and functional CD11c+ NK cell populations were significantly higher than the CD11c- subset, highlighting the importance of the contributions of NKDCs to the vaccine response. These results emphasize the importance of NK-mediated innate immune effector responses in total antitumor immunity to treat HPV+ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison P. O’Hara
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.O.); (A.V.Y.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ananta V. Yanamandra
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.O.); (A.V.Y.)
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.P.O.); (A.V.Y.)
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Heine A, Lemmermann NAW, Flores C, Becker-Gotot J, Garbi N, Brossart P, Kurts C. Rapid protection against viral infections by chemokine-accelerated post-exposure vaccination. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1338499. [PMID: 38348028 PMCID: PMC10860197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prophylactic vaccines generate strong and durable immunity to avoid future infections, whereas post-exposure vaccinations are intended to establish rapid protection against already ongoing infections. Antiviral cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL) are activated by dendritic cells (DCs), which themselves must be activated by adjuvants to express costimulatory molecules and so-called signal 0-chemokines that attract naive CTL to the DCs. Hypothesis Here we asked whether a vaccination protocol that combines two adjuvants, a toll-like receptor ligand (TLR) and a natural killer T cell activator, to induce two signal 0 chemokines, synergistically accelerates CTL activation. Methods We used a well-characterized vaccination model based on the model antigen ovalbumin, the TLR9 ligand CpG and the NKT cell ligand α-galactosylceramide to induce signal 0-chemokines. Exploiting this vaccination model, we studied detailed T cell kinetics and T cell profiling in different in vivo mouse models of viral infection. Results We found that CTL induced by both adjuvants obtained a head-start that allowed them to functionally differentiate further and generate higher numbers of protective CTL 1-2 days earlier. Such signal 0-optimized post-exposure vaccination hastened clearance of experimental adenovirus and cytomegalovirus infections. Conclusion Our findings show that signal 0 chemokine-inducing adjuvant combinations gain time in the race against rapidly replicating microbes, which may be especially useful in post-exposure vaccination settings during viral epi/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkristin Heine
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels A. W. Lemmermann
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Chrystel Flores
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Medical Clinic III, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Evangelista BA, Ragusa JV, Pellegrino K, Wu Y, Quiroga-Barber IY, Cahalan SR, Arooji OK, Madren JA, Schroeter S, Cozzarin J, Xie L, Chen X, White KK, Ezzell JA, Iannone MA, Cohen S, Traub RE, Li X, Bedlack R, Phanstiel DH, Meeker R, Stanley N, Cohen TJ. TDP-43 pathology links innate and adaptive immunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.07.574541. [PMID: 38260395 PMCID: PMC10802498 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.07.574541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is the most common fatal motor neuron disease. Approximately 90% of ALS patients exhibit pathology of the master RNA regulator, Transactive Response DNA Binding protein (TDP-43). Despite the prevalence TDP-43 pathology in ALS motor neurons, recent findings suggest immune dysfunction is a determinant of disease progression in patients. Whether TDP-43 pathology elicits disease-modifying immune responses in ALS remains underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that TDP-43 pathology is internalized by antigen presenting cells, causes vesicle rupture, and leads to innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Using a multiplex imaging platform, we observed interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells near TDP-43 pathological lesions in ALS brain. We used a mass cytometry-based whole-blood stimulation assay to provide evidence that ALS patient peripheral immune cells exhibit responses to TDP-43 aggregates. Taken together, this study provides a novel link between TDP-43 pathology and ALS immune dysfunction, and further highlights the translational and diagnostic implications of monitoring and manipulating the ALS immune response.
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7
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Heuser-Loy C, Baumgart AK, Hackstein CP, Courrèges CJF, Philipp MS, Thaiss CA, Holland T, Evaristo C, Garbi N, Kurts C. Conditional NKT Cell Depletion in Mice Reveals a Negative Feedback Loop That Regulates CTL Cross-Priming. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:35-42. [PMID: 38019126 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
NKT cells are unconventional T cells whose biological role is incompletely understood. Similar to TH cells, activated NKT cells can cause dendritic cell (DC) maturation, which is required for effective CTL responses. However, it is unclear whether and how NKT cells affect CTLs downstream of the DC maturation phase. This is partially due to the lack of techniques to conditionally deplete NKT cells in vivo. To overcome this problem, we have developed two approaches for this purpose in mice: the first is based on mixed bone marrow chimeras where Jα18 knockout and depletable CD90 congenic bone marrow is combined, and the second used PLZFCre × iDTR bone marrow chimeras, which target innate-like T cells. Using these tools, we found that NKT cell depletion at 20 h, that is, after initial DC activation, did not render CTLs helpless, as CD40L signaling by non-NKT cells sufficed. Instead, NKT cell depletion even augmented CD8 T cell expansion and cytotoxicity by mechanisms distinct from reduced STAT6 signaling. These findings revealed a negative feedback loop by which NKT cells control CTL cross-priming downstream of DC maturation. The techniques described in this study expand the toolbox to study NKT cells and other unconventional T cell subsets in vivo and uncovered a hidden immunoregulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Heuser-Loy
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Baumgart
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina J F Courrèges
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Philipp
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tristan Holland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - César Evaristo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Rhenish Friedrich Wilhelm University, Bonn, Germany
- The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Burn OK, Dasyam N, Hermans IF. Recruiting Natural Killer T Cells to Improve Vaccination: Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Crit Rev Oncog 2024; 29:31-43. [PMID: 38421712 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023049407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The capacity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to provide stimulatory signals to antigen-presenting cells has prompted preclinical research into the use of agonists as immune adjuvants, with much of this work focussed on stimulating T cell responses to cancer. In attempting to evaluate this approach in the clinic, our recent dendritic-cell based study failed to show an advantage to adding an agonist to the vaccine. Here we present potential limitations of the study, and suggest why other simpler strategies may be more effective. These include strategies to target antigen-presenting cells in the host, either through promoting efficient transfer from injected cell lines, facilitating uptake of antigen and agonist as injected conjugates, or encapsulating the components into injected nanovectors. While the vaccine landscape has changed with the rapid uptake of mRNA vaccines, we suggest that there is still a role for recruiting NKT cells in altering T cell differentiation programmes, notably the induction of resident memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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9
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Barreno L, Sevane N, Valdivia G, Alonso-Miguel D, Suarez-Redondo M, Alonso-Diez A, Fiering S, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF, Perez-Alenza MD, Peña L. Transcriptomics of Canine Inflammatory Mammary Cancer Treated with Empty Cowpea Mosaic Virus Implicates Neutrophils in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14034. [PMID: 37762335 PMCID: PMC10531449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) is a highly aggressive and lethal cancer in dogs serving as a valuable animal model for its human counterpart, inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), both lacking effective therapies. Intratumoral immunotherapy (IT-IT) with empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) nanoparticles has shown promising results, demonstrating a reduction in tumor size, longer survival rates, and improved quality of life. This study compares the transcriptomic profiles of tumor samples from female dogs with IMC receiving eCPMV IT-IT and medical therapy (MT) versus MT alone. Transcriptomic analyses, gene expression profiles, signaling pathways, and cell type profiling of immune cell populations in samples from four eCPMV-treated dogs with IMC and four dogs with IMC treated with MT were evaluated using NanoString Technologies using a canine immune-oncology panel. Comparative analyses revealed 34 differentially expressed genes between treated and untreated samples. Five genes (CXCL8, S100A9, CCL20, IL6, and PTGS2) involved in neutrophil recruitment and activation were upregulated in the treated samples, linked to the IL17-signaling pathway. Cell type profiling showed a significant increase in neutrophil populations in the tumor microenvironment after eCPMV treatment. These findings highlight the role of neutrophils in the anti-tumor response mediated by eCPMV IT-IT and suggest eCPMV as a novel therapeutic approach for IBC/IMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Barreno
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Natalia Sevane
- Department of Animal Production, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Valdivia
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Alonso-Miguel
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - María Suarez-Redondo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Alonso-Diez
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (V.B.); (N.F.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Mammary Oncology Unit, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.); (G.V.); (D.A.-M.); (M.S.-R.); (A.A.-D.); (M.D.P.-A.); (L.P.)
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10
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Jeong D, Woo YD, Chung DH. Invariant natural killer T cells in lung diseases. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1885-1894. [PMID: 37696892 PMCID: PMC10545712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T cells that are characterized by a restricted T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and a unique ability to recognize glycolipid antigens. These cells are found in all tissues, and evidence to date suggests that they play many immunological roles in both homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. The latter include lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma and infections: the roles of lung-resident iNKT cells in these diseases have been extensively researched. Here, we provide insights into the biology of iNKT cells in health and disease, with a particular focus on the role of pulmonary iNKT cells in airway inflammation and other lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Jeong
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Duk Woo
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Kurioka A, Klenerman P. Aging unconventionally: γδ T cells, iNKT cells, and MAIT cells in aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101816. [PMID: 37536148 PMCID: PMC10804939 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells include γδ T cells, invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) cells and Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are distinguished from conventional T cells by their recognition of non-peptide ligands presented by non-polymorphic antigen presenting molecules and rapid effector functions that are pre-programmed during their development. Here we review current knowledge of the effect of age on unconventional T cells, from early life to old age, in both mice and humans. We then discuss the role of unconventional T cells in age-associated diseases and infections, highlighting the similarities between members of the unconventional T cell family in the context of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurioka
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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12
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Lupancu TJ, Eivazitork M, Hamilton JA, Achuthan AA, Lee KMC. CCL17/TARC in autoimmunity and inflammation-not just a T-cell chemokine. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:600-609. [PMID: 36975092 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C) ligand 17 (CCL17) was first identified as thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine when it was found to be constitutively expressed in the thymus and identified as a T-cell chemokine. This chemoattractant molecule has subsequently been found at elevated levels in a range of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as in cancer. CCL17 is a C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) ligand, with chemokine (C-C) ligand 22 being the other major ligand and, as CCR4 is highly expressed on helper T cells, CCL17 can play a role in T-cell-driven diseases, usually considered to be via its chemotactic activity on T helper 2 cells; however, given that CCR4 is also expressed by other cell types and there is elevated expression of CCL17 in many diseases, a broader CCL17 biology is suggested. In this review, we summarize the biology of CCL17, its regulation and its potential contribution to the pathogenesis of various preclinical models. Reference is made, for example, to recent literature indicating a role for CCL17 in the control of pain as part of a granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor/CCL17 pathway in lymphocyte-independent models and thus not as a T-cell chemokine. The review also discusses the potential for CCL17 to be a biomarker and a therapeutic target in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Stellas D, Karaliota S, Stravokefalou V, Angel M, Nagy BA, Goldfarbmuren KC, Bergamaschi C, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Tumor eradication by hetIL-15 locoregional therapy correlates with an induced intratumoral CD103 intCD11b + dendritic cell population. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112501. [PMID: 37178117 PMCID: PMC10758290 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Locoregional monotherapy with heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-15 (hetIL-15) in a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) orthotopic mouse model resulted in tumor eradication in 40% of treated mice, reduction of metastasis, and induction of immunological memory against breast cancer cells. hetIL-15 re-shaped the tumor microenvironment by promoting the intratumoral accumulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), and a dendritic cell (DC) population expressing both CD103 and CD11b markers. These CD103intCD11b+DCs share phenotypic and gene expression characteristics with both cDC1s and cDC2s, have transcriptomic profiles more similar to monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), and correlate with tumor regression. Therefore, hetIL-15, a cytokine directly affecting lymphocytes and inducing cytotoxic cells, also has an indirect rapid and significant effect on the recruitment of myeloid cells, initiating a cascade for tumor elimination through innate and adoptive immune mechanisms. The intratumoral CD103intCD11b+DC population induced by hetIL-15 may be targeted for the development of additional cancer immunotherapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Stellas
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sevasti Karaliota
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Vasiliki Stravokefalou
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthew Angel
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Bethany A Nagy
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Katherine C Goldfarbmuren
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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14
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Hadiloo K, Tahmasebi S, Esmaeilzadeh A. CAR-NKT cell therapy: a new promising paradigm of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:86. [PMID: 37158883 PMCID: PMC10165596 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, cancer treatment is one of the fundamental problems facing clinicians and researchers worldwide. Efforts to find an excellent way to treat this illness continue, and new therapeutic strategies are developed quickly. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a practical approach that has been emerged to improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. In the ACT, one of the best ways to arm the immune cells against tumors is by employing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) via genetic engineering. CAR equips cells to target specific antigens on tumor cells and selectively eradicate them. Researchers have achieved promising preclinical and clinical outcomes with different cells by using CARs. One of the potent immune cells that seems to be a good candidate for CAR-immune cell therapy is the Natural Killer-T (NKT) cell. NKT cells have multiple features that make them potent cells against tumors and would be a powerful replacement for T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. NKT cells are cytotoxic immune cells with various capabilities and no notable side effects on normal cells. The current study aimed to comprehensively provide the latest advances in CAR-NKT cell therapy for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Hadiloo
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Safa Tahmasebi
- Student Research Committee, Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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15
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Li Y, Cao H, Jiang Z, Yan K, Shi J, Wang S, Wang F, Wang W, Li X, Sun N, Liu L, Chen L, Chen Y, Guo R, Song Y. CCL17 acts as an antitumor chemokine in micromilieu‐driven immune skewing. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110078. [PMID: 37001380 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are critical players in the local immune responses to tumors. CCL17 (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, TARC) and CCL22 (macrophage-derived chemokine, MDC) can attract CCR4-bearing cells involving the immune landscape of cancer. However, their direct roles and functional states in tumors remain largely unclear. METHODS We analyzed the lymphoma-related scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq datasets and identified the CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis as the unique participant of the tumor microenvironment. Then we edited the A20 lymphoma cell line to express CCL17 and CCL22 and assessed their function using three mouse models (Balb/C mouse, Nude mouse, and NSG mouse). In addition, we retrospectively checked the relationship between the CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis and the survival rates of cancer patients. RESULTS The active CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis is a distinctive feature of the Hodgkin lymphoma microenvironment. CCR4 is widely expressed in immune cells but highly exists on the surface of NK, NKT, and Treg cells. The tumor model of Balb/C mice showed that CCL17 acts as an anti-tumor chemokine mediated by activated T cell response. In addition, the tumor model of Nude mice showed that CCL17 recruits NK cells for inhibiting lymphoma growth and enhances the NK-cDC1 interaction for resisting IL4i1-mediated immunosuppression. Interestingly, CCL17-mediated antitumor immune responses depend on lymphoid lineages but not mainly myeloid ones. Furthermore, we found CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis cannot be regarded as biomarkers of poor prognosis in most cancer types from the TCGA database. CONCLUSION We provided direct evidence of antitumor functions of CCL17 mediated by the recruitment of conventional T cells, NKT cells, and NK cells. Clinical survival outcomes of target gene (CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4) expression also identified that CCL17/CCL22-CCR4 axis is not a marker of poor prognosis.
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16
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Dasyam N, Sharples KJ, Barrow C, Huang Y, Bauer E, Mester B, Wood CE, Authier-Hall A, Dzhelali M, Ostapowicz T, Kumar R, Lowe J, Maxwell A, Burn OK, Williams GM, Carley SE, Caygill G, Jones J, Chan STS, Hinder VA, Macapagal J, McCusker M, Weinkove R, Brimble MA, Painter GF, Findlay MP, Dunbar PR, Gasser O, Hermans IF. A randomised controlled trial of long NY-ESO-1 peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells with or without alpha-galactosylceramide in high-risk melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03400-y. [PMID: 36881133 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We have previously reported that polyfunctional T cell responses can be induced to the cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in melanoma patients injected with mature autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with long NY-ESO-1-derived peptides together with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an agonist for type 1 Natural Killer T (NKT) cells. OBJECTIVE To assess whether inclusion of α-GalCer in autologous NY-ESO-1 long peptide-pulsed DC vaccines (DCV + α-GalCer) improves T cell responses when compared to peptide-pulsed DC vaccines without α-GalCer (DCV). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Single-centre blinded randomised controlled trial in patients ≥ 18 years old with histologically confirmed, fully resected stage II-IV malignant cutaneous melanoma, conducted between July 2015 and June 2018 at the Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre of the Capital and Coast District Health Board. INTERVENTIONS Stage I. Patients were randomised to two cycles of DCV or DCV + α-GalCer (intravenous dose of 10 × 106 cells, interval of 28 days). Stage II. Patients assigned to DCV + α-GalCer were randomised to two further cycles of DCV + α-GalCer or observation, while patients initially assigned to DCV crossed over to two cycles of DCV + α-GalCer. OUTCOME MEASURES Primary: Area under the curve (AUC) of mean NY-ESO-1-specific T cell count detected by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot in pre- and post-treatment blood samples, compared between treatment arms at Stage I. Secondary: Proportion of responders in each arm at Stage I; NKT cell count in each arm at Stage I; serum cytokine levels at Stage I; adverse events Stage I; T cell count for DCV + α-GalCer versus observation at Stage II, T cell count before versus after cross-over. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients gave written informed consent; 5 were excluded before randomisation due to progressive disease or incomplete leukapheresis, 17 were assigned to DCV, and 16 to DCV + α-GalCer. The vaccines were well tolerated and associated with increases in mean total T cell count, predominantly CD4+ T cells, but the difference between the treatment arms was not statistically significant (difference - 6.85, 95% confidence interval, - 21.65 to 7.92; P = 0.36). No significant improvements in T cell response were associated with DCV + α-GalCer with increased dosing, or in the cross-over. However, the NKT cell response to α-GalCer-loaded vaccines was limited compared to previous studies, with mean circulating NKT cell levels not significantly increased in the DCV + α-GalCer arm and no significant differences in cytokine response between the treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS A high population coverage of NY-ESO-1-specific T cell responses was achieved with a good safety profile, but we failed to demonstrate that loading with α-GalCer provided an additional advantage to the T cell response with this cellular vaccine design. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12612001101875. Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Dasyam
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Katrina J Sharples
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Barrow
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ying Huang
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Evelyn Bauer
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Brigitta Mester
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Wood
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Astrid Authier-Hall
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Marina Dzhelali
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Tess Ostapowicz
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Lowe
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Alice Maxwell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Carley
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Jeremy Jones
- GlycoSyn, PO Box 31 310, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
| | - Susanna T S Chan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Lower Hutt, 5046, New Zealand
| | - Victoria A Hinder
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jerome Macapagal
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Monica McCusker
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.,Capital and Coast District Health Board, Private Bag 7902, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Lower Hutt, 5046, New Zealand
| | - Michael P Findlay
- Cancer Trials New Zealand, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, PO Box 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand.
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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17
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Jun BH, Ahmadzadegan A, Ardekani AM, Solorio L, Vlachos PP. Multi-feature-Based Robust Cell Tracking. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:604-617. [PMID: 36103061 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell tracking algorithms have been used to extract cell counts and motility information from time-lapse images of migrating cells. However, these algorithms often fail when the collected images have cells with spatially and temporally varying features, such as morphology, position, and signal-to-noise ratio. Consequently, state-of-the-art algorithms are not robust or reliable because they require manual inputs to overcome the cell feature changes. To address these issues, we present a fully automated, adaptive, and robust feature-based cell tracking algorithm for the accurate detection and tracking of cells in time-lapse images. Our algorithm tackles measurement limitations twofold. First, we use Hessian filtering and adaptive thresholding to detect the cells in images, overcoming spatial feature variations among the existing cells without manually changing the input thresholds. Second, cell feature parameters are measured, including position, diameter, mean intensity, area, and orientation, and these parameters are simultaneously used to accurately track the cells between subsequent frames, even under poor temporal resolution. Our technique achieved a minimum of 92% detection and tracking accuracy, compared to 16% from Mosaic and Trackmate. Our improved method allows for extended tracking and characterization of heterogeneous cell behavior that are of particular interest for intravital imaging users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Adib Ahmadzadegan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Pavlos P Vlachos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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18
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Qin Y, Bao X, Zheng M. CD8 + T-cell immunity orchestrated by iNKT cells. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1109347. [PMID: 36741397 PMCID: PMC9889858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells belonging to the adaptive immune system play key roles in defending against viral infections and cancers. The current CD8+ T cell-based immunotherapy has emerged as a superior therapeutic avenue for the eradication of tumor cells and long-term prevention of their recurrence in hematologic malignancies. It is believed that an effective adaptive immune response critically relies on the help of the innate compartment. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes that have been considered some of the first cells to respond to infections and can secrete a large amount of diverse cytokines and chemokines to widely modulate the innate and adaptive immune responders. Like CD8+ T cells, iNKT cells also play an important role in defense against intracellular pathogenic infections and cancers. In this review, we will discuss the CD8+ T-cell immunity contributed by iNKT cells, including iNKT cell-mediated cross-priming and memory formation, and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying memory CD8+ T-cell differentiation, as well as aging-induced impairment of T-cell immunity.
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19
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Suryadevara N, Kumar A, Ye X, Rogers M, Williams JV, Wilson JT, Karijolich J, Joyce S. A molecular signature of lung-resident CD8 + T cells elicited by subunit vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19101. [PMID: 36351985 PMCID: PMC9645351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural infection as well as vaccination with live or attenuated viruses elicit tissue resident, CD8+ memory T cell (Trm) response. Trm cells so elicited act quickly upon reencounter with the priming agent to protect the host. These Trm cells express a unique molecular signature driven by the master regulators-Runx3 and Hobit. We previously reported that intranasal instillation of a subunit vaccine in a prime boost vaccination regimen installed quick-acting, CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs that protected against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. It remains unexplored whether CD8+ Trm responses so elicited are driven by a similar molecular signature as those elicited by microbes in a real infection or by live, attenuated pathogens in conventional vaccination. We found that distinct molecular signatures distinguished subunit vaccine-elicited lung interstitial CD8+ Trm cells from subunit vaccine-elicited CD8+ effector memory and splenic memory T cells. Nonetheless, the transcriptome signature of subunit vaccine elicited CD8+ Trm resembled those elicited by virus infection or vaccination. Clues to the basis of tissue residence and function of vaccine specific CD8+ Trm cells were found in transcripts that code for chemokines and chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, and adhesins when compared to CD8+ effector and splenic memory T cells. Our findings inform the utility of protein-based subunit vaccination for installing CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs to protect against respiratory infectious diseases that plague humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Meredith Rogers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John V. Williams
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA ,Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in Children (i4Kids), Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - John Karijolich
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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20
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Li H, Wang D, Zhou X, Ding S, Guo W, Zhang S, Li Z, Huang T, Cai YD. Characterization of spleen and lymph node cell types via CITE-seq and machine learning methods. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1033159. [PMID: 36311013 PMCID: PMC9608858 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1033159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen and lymph nodes are important functional organs for human immune system. The identification of cell types for spleen and lymph nodes is helpful for understanding the mechanism of immune system. However, the cell types of spleen and lymph are highly diverse in the human body. Therefore, in this study, we employed a series of machine learning algorithms to computationally analyze the cell types of spleen and lymph based on single-cell CITE-seq sequencing data. A total of 28,211 cell data (training vs. test = 14,435 vs. 13,776) involving 24 cell types were collected for this study. For the training dataset, it was analyzed by Boruta and minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) one by one, resulting in an mRMR feature list. This list was fed into the incremental feature selection (IFS) method, incorporating four classification algorithms (deep forest, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, and decision tree). Some essential features were discovered and the deep forest with its optimal features achieved the best performance. A group of related proteins (CD4, TCRb, CD103, CD43, and CD23) and genes (Nkg7 and Thy1) contributing to the classification of spleen and lymph nodes cell types were analyzed. Furthermore, the classification rules yielded by decision tree were also provided and analyzed. Above findings may provide helpful information for deepening our understanding on the diversity of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Deling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchao Zhou
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijian Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Huang,
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Yu-Dong Cai,
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21
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Chung EJ, Kwon S, Shankavaram U, White AO, Das S, Citrin DE. Natural variation in macrophage polarization and function impact pneumocyte senescence and susceptibility to fibrosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:7692-7717. [PMID: 36173617 PMCID: PMC9596223 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), a late adverse event of radiation therapy, is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells, progressive loss of alveolar structure, secondary to the loss of pneumocytes and accumulation of collagenous extracellular matrix, and senescence of alveolar stem cells. Differential susceptibility to lung injury from radiation and other toxic insults across mouse strains is well described but poorly understood. The accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) has previously been implicated in the progression of lung fibrosis. Using fibrosis prone strain (C57L), a fibrosis-resistant strain (C3H/HeN), and a strain with intermediate susceptibility (C57BL6/J), we demonstrate that the accumulation of M2 macrophages correlates with the manifestation of fibrosis. A comparison of primary macrophages derived from each strain identified phenotypic and functional differences, including differential expression of NADPH Oxidase 2 and production of superoxide in response to M2 polarization and activation. Further, the sensitivity of primary AECII to senescence after coculture with M2 macrophages was strain dependent and correlated to observations of sensitivity to fibrosis and senescence in vivo. Taken together, these data support that the relative susceptibility of different strains to RIPF is closely related to distinct senescence responses induced through pulmonary M2 macrophages after thoracic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Chung
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seokjoo Kwon
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ayla O White
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shaoli Das
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah E Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Autophagy in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192996. [PMID: 36230955 PMCID: PMC9564118 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a stress-induced process that eliminates damaged organelles and dysfunctional cargos in cytoplasm, including unfolded proteins. Autophagy is involved in constructing the immunosuppressive microenvironment during tumor initiation and progression. It appears to be one of the most common processes involved in cancer immunotherapy, playing bidirectional roles in immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that inducing or inhibiting autophagy contributes to immunotherapy efficacy. Hence, exploring autophagy targets and their modifiers to control autophagy in the tumor microenvironment is an emerging strategy to facilitate cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of autophagy in cancer immunotherapy, as well as the molecular targets of autophagy that could wake up the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, aiming to shed light on its immense potential as a therapeutic target to improve immunotherapy.
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Nong C, Guan P, Li L, Zhang H, Hu H. Tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. MEDCOMM – ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mog2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Nong
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chongqing International Institution for Immunology Chongqing China
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Maiorino L, Daßler-Plenker J, Sun L, Egeblad M. Innate Immunity and Cancer Pathophysiology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 17:425-457. [PMID: 34788549 PMCID: PMC9012188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-032221-115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation increases the risk of several cancers, including gastric, colon, and hepatic cancers. Conversely, tumors, similar to tissue injury, trigger an inflammatory response coordinated by the innate immune system. Cellular and molecular mediators of inflammation modulate tumor growth directly and by influencing the adaptive immune response. Depending on the balance of immune cell types and signals within the tumor microenvironment, inflammation can support or restrain the tumor. Adding to the complexity, research from the past two decades has revealed that innate immune cells are highly heterogeneous and plastic, with variable phenotypes depending on tumor type, stage, and treatment. The field is now on the cusp of being able to harness this wealth of data to (a) classify tumors on the basis of their immune makeup, with implications for prognosis, treatment choice, and clinical outcome, and (b) design therapeutic strategies that activate antitumor immune responses by targeting innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Watanabe A, Yamashita K, Fujita M, Arimoto A, Nishi M, Takamura S, Saito M, Yamada K, Agawa K, Mukoyama T, Ando M, Kanaji S, Matsuda T, Oshikiri T, Kakeji Y. Vaccine Based on Dendritic Cells Electroporated with an Exogenous Ovalbumin Protein and Pulsed with Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Ligands Effectively Induces Antigen-Specific Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010171. [PMID: 35008335 PMCID: PMC8750915 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study shows the potential of a novel dendritic cell vaccine therapy in antitumor immunity, in which bone marrow-derived dendritic cells are electroporated with an exogenous ovalbumin protein and simultaneously pulsed with α-galactosylceramide. This strategy enhances the induction of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens through the activation of invariant natural killer T cells, natural killer cells, and intrinsic dendritic cells. Moreover, this strategy sustains antigen-specific antitumor T cell responses over time. Abstract (1) Background: Cancer vaccines are administered to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) specific for tumor antigens. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, the specific T cells activated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), play important roles in this process as they are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. We developed a new cancer vaccine strategy in which dendritic cells (DCs) were loaded with an exogenous ovalbumin (OVA) protein by electroporation (EP) and pulsed with α-GalCer. (2) Methods: We generated bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 mice, loaded full-length ovalbumin proteins to the DCs by EP, and pulsed them with α-GalCer (OVA-EP-galDCs). The OVA-EP-galDCs were intravenously administered to C57BL/6 mice as a vaccine. We then investigated subsequent immune responses, such as the induction of iNKT cells, NK cells, intrinsic DCs, and OVA-specific CD8+ T cells, including tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. (3) Results: The OVA-EP-galDC vaccine efficiently rejected subcutaneous tumors in a manner primarily dependent on CD8+ T cells. In addition to the OVA-specific CD8+ T cells both in early and late phases, we observed the induction of antigen-specific TRM cells in the skin. (4) Conclusions: The OVA-EP-galDC vaccine efficiently induced antigen-specific antitumor immunity, which was sustained over time, as shown by the TRM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Watanabe
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osaka 589-0014, Japan;
| | - Akira Arimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Kawazono-cho, Suita 564-0013, Japan;
| | - Masayasu Nishi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Konan Medical Center, Kamokogahara, Higashinada, Kobe 658-0064, Japan;
| | - Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ono-higashi, Osakasayama 589-0014, Japan;
| | - Masafumi Saito
- Department of Disaster and Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Kota Yamada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kyosuke Agawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tomosuke Mukoyama
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Masayuki Ando
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shingo Kanaji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Taro Oshikiri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe 650-0017, Japan; (A.W.); (K.Y.); (K.A.); (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.K.); (T.M.); (T.O.); (Y.K.)
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Zimmerer JM, Ringwald BA, Chaudhari SR, Han J, Peterson CM, Warren RT, Hart MM, Abdel-Rasoul M, Bumgardner GL. Invariant NKT Cells Promote the Development of Highly Cytotoxic Multipotent CXCR3 +CCR4 +CD8 + T Cells That Mediate Rapid Hepatocyte Allograft Rejection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:3107-3121. [PMID: 34810223 PMCID: PMC9124232 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplant represents a treatment for metabolic disorders but is limited by immunogenicity. Our prior work identified the critical role of CD8+ T cells, with or without CD4+ T cell help, in mediating hepatocyte rejection. In this study, we evaluated the influence of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, uniquely abundant in the liver, upon CD8-mediated immune responses in the presence and absence of CD4+ T cells. To investigate this, C57BL/6 (wild-type) and iNKT-deficient Jα18 knockout mice (cohorts CD4 depleted) were transplanted with allogeneic hepatocytes. Recipients were evaluated for alloprimed CD8+ T cell subset composition, allocytotoxicity, and hepatocyte rejection. We found that CD8-mediated allocytotoxicity was significantly decreased in iNKT-deficient recipients and was restored by adoptive transfer of iNKT cells. In the absence of both iNKT cells and CD4+ T cells, CD8-mediated allocytotoxicity and hepatocyte rejection was abrogated. iNKT cells enhance the proportion of a novel subset of multipotent, alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ cytolytic T cells that develop after hepatocyte transplant and are abundant in the liver. Alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells express cytotoxic effector molecules (perforin/granzyme and Fas ligand) and are distinguished from alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4-CD8+ T cells by a higher proportion of cells expressing TNF-α and IFN-γ. Furthermore, alloprimed CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells mediate higher allocytotoxicity and more rapid allograft rejection. Our data demonstrate the important role of iNKT cells in promoting the development of highly cytotoxic, multipotent CXCR3+CCR4+CD8+ T cells that mediate rapid rejection of allogeneic hepatocytes engrafted in the liver. Targeting iNKT cells may be an efficacious therapy to prevent rejection of intrahepatic cellular transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Zimmerer
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Bryce A Ringwald
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Sachi R Chaudhari
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jing Han
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Chelsea M Peterson
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert T Warren
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Madison M Hart
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Ginny L Bumgardner
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH;
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27
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Simonetta F, Lohmeyer JK, Hirai T, Maas-Bauer K, Alvarez M, Wenokur AS, Baker J, Aalipour A, Ji X, Haile S, Mackall CL, Negrin RS. Allogeneic CAR Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Exert Potent Antitumor Effects through Host CD8 T-Cell Cross-Priming. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:6054-6064. [PMID: 34376537 PMCID: PMC8563377 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies for off-the-shelf use is a major goal that faces two main immunologic challenges, namely the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) induction by the transferred cells and the rejection by the host immune system limiting their persistence. In this work we assessed the direct and indirect antitumor effect of allogeneic CAR-engineered invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a cell population without GvHD-induction potential that displays immunomodulatory properties. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN After assessing murine CAR iNKT cells direct antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo, we employed an immunocompetent mouse model of B-cell lymphoma to assess the interaction between allogeneic CAR iNKT cells and endogenous immune cells. RESULTS We demonstrate that allogeneic CAR iNKT cells exerted potent direct and indirect antitumor activity when administered across major MHC barriers by inducing tumor-specific antitumor immunity through host CD8 T-cell cross-priming. CONCLUSIONS In addition to their known direct cytotoxic effect, allogeneic CAR iNKT cells induce host CD8 T-cell antitumor responses, resulting in a potent antitumor effect lasting longer than the physical persistence of the allogeneic cells. The utilization of off-the-shelf allogeneic CAR iNKT cells could meet significant unmet needs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Simonetta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Division of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals and Translational Research Centre in Onco-Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juliane K Lohmeyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Toshihito Hirai
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kristina Maas-Bauer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Arielle S Wenokur
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Amin Aalipour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Samuel Haile
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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28
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Sheldon H, Bridges E, Silva I, Masiero M, Favara DM, Wang D, Leek R, Snell C, Roxanis I, Kreuzer M, Gileadi U, Buffa FM, Banham A, Harris AL. ADGRL4/ELTD1 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells Induces Vascular Normalization and Immune Suppression. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1957-1969. [PMID: 34348993 PMCID: PMC7611948 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ELTD1/ADGRL4 expression is increased in the vasculature of a number of tumor types and this correlates with a good prognosis. Expression has also been reported in some tumor cells with high expression correlating with a good prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and a poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Here we show that 35% of primary human breast tumors stain positively for ELTD1, with 9% having high expression that correlates with improved relapse-free survival. Using immunocompetent, syngeneic mouse breast cancer models we found that tumors expressing recombinant murine Eltd1 grew faster than controls, with an enhanced ability to metastasize and promote systemic immune effects. The Eltd1-expressing tumors had larger and better perfused vessels and tumor-endothelial cell interaction led to the release of proangiogenic and immune-modulating factors. M2-like macrophages increased in the stroma along with expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor and immune cells, to create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that allowed Eltd1-regulated tumor growth in the presence of an NY-ESO-1-specific immune response. Eltd1-positive tumors also responded better to chemotherapy which could explain the relationship to a good prognosis observed in primary human cases. Thus, ELTD1 expression may enhance delivery of therapeutic antibodies to reverse the immunosuppression and increase response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in this subset of tumors. ELTD1 may be useful as a selection marker for such therapies. IMPLICATIONS: ELTD1 expression in mouse breast tumors creates an immunosuppressive microenvironment and increases vessel size and perfusion. Its expression may enhance the delivery of therapies targeting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Sheldon
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bridges
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ildefonso Silva
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Masiero
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David M Favara
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dian Wang
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Leek
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Snell
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Roxanis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mira Kreuzer
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dong Y, Gao S, Zhang X, Kou J, Liu J, Ye T, Shen H. CCL17 and CCL22 induce CCR4 receptor expression and promote cytokine-induced killer cells migration. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 33:149-157. [PMID: 34657098 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have been shown to possess effective cytotoxic activity against some tumor cells both in vitro and in clinical research. Furthermore, dendritic cell-activated CIK (DC-CIK) cells display significantly increased antitumor activity compared to unstimulated CIK cells. Study findings indicate DC cells can secrete chemokine C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 22 (CCL22) with a common receptor molecule, C-C chemokine receptor type-4(CCR4). CCL17 and CCL22 levels were measured by ELISA from CIK cell culture supernatants and the expression of CCR4 on CIK and DC-CIK cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Through Migration and Killing assays, further analyzed the effects of the altered expression levels of CCR4 on the chemotactic ability and the tumor-killing efficiency of CIK cells. We found markedly increased CCL17 and CCL22 in supernatants of DC-CIK co-cultures. Similarly, the expression of CCR4 was also increased on CIK cells in these co-cultures. Further, the stimulation of CCL17 and CCL22 increased expression of the CCR4 and enhanced the migratory capacity and antitumor efficacy of CIK cells. Simultaneously, similar effects had achieved by transfecting the CCR4 gene into CIK cells. DC cells may promote the expression of CCR4 on CIK cells by secreting CCL17 and CCL22, thereby promoting infiltration of DC-CIK cells into the tumor microenvironment, and exerting stronger antitumor activity than CIK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Dong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Zheng L, Lindsay A, McSweeney K, Aplin J, Forbes K, Smith S, Tunwell R, Mackrill JJ. Ryanodine receptor calcium release channels in trophoblasts and their role in cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119139. [PMID: 34624436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblasts are specialized epithelial cells of the placenta that are involved in invasion, communication and the exchange of materials between the mother and fetus. Cytoplasmic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]c) plays critical roles in regulating such processes in other cell types, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms that control this second messenger in trophoblasts. In the current study, the presence of RyRs and their accessory proteins in placental tissues and in the BeWo choriocarcinoma, a model trophoblast cell-line, were examined using immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. Contributions of RyRs to Ca2+ signalling and to random migration in BeWo cells were investigated using fura-2 fluorescent and brightfield videomicroscopy. The effect of RyR inhibition on reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton elicited by the hormone angiotensin II, was determined using phalloidin-labelling and confocal microscopy. RyR1 and RyR3 proteins were detected in trophoblasts of human first trimester and term placental villi, along with the accessory proteins triadin and calsequestrin. Similarly, RyR1, RyR3, triadin and calsequestrin were detected in BeWo cells. In this cell-line, activation of RyRs with micromolar ryanodine increased [Ca2+]c, whereas pharmacological inhibition of these channels reduced Ca2+ transients elicited by the peptide hormones angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin and endothelin 1. Angiotensin II increased the velocity, total distance and Euclidean distance of random migration by BeWo cells and these effects were significantly reduced by tetracaine and by inhibitory concentrations of ryanodine. RyRs contribute to reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton elicited by angiotensin II, since inhibition of these channels restores the parallelness of these structures to control levels. These findings demonstrate that trophoblasts contain a suite of proteins similar to those in other cell types possessing highly developed Ca2+ signal transduction systems, such as skeletal muscle. They also indicate that these channels regulate the migration of trophoblast cells, a process that plays a key role in development of the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limian Zheng
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kate McSweeney
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK; Leeds Centre for Reproduction and Early Development, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Samantha Smith
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Tunwell
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
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Farsakoglu Y, McDonald B, Kaech SM. Motility Matters: How CD8 + T-Cell Trafficking Influences Effector and Memory Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038075. [PMID: 34001529 PMCID: PMC8327832 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity that confers long-lasting protection from reinfections. Memory CD8+ T cells provide protection by actively scanning for their cognate antigen and migrating into inflamed tissues. Trafficking patterns of CD8+ T cells are also a major determinant of cell fate outcomes during differentiation into effector and memory cell states. CD8+ T-cell trafficking must therefore be dynamically and tightly regulated to ensure that CD8+ T cells arrive at the correct locations and differentiate to acquire appropriate effector functions. This review aims to discuss the importance of CD8+ T-cell trafficking patterns in regulating effector and memory differentiation, maintenance, and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Farsakoglu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Bryan McDonald
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Burn OK, Pankhurst TE, Painter GF, Connor LM, Hermans IF. Harnessing NKT cells for vaccination. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab013. [PMID: 36845569 PMCID: PMC9914585 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like T cells capable of enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. When NKT cells are stimulated in close temporal association with co-administered antigens, strong antigen-specific immune responses can be induced, prompting the study of NKT cell agonists as novel immune adjuvants. This activity has been attributed to the capacity of activated NKT cells to act as universal helper cells, with the ability to provide molecular signals to dendritic cells and B cells that facilitate T cell and antibody responses, respectively. These signals can override the requirement for conventional CD4+ T cell help, so that vaccines can be designed without need to consider CD4+ T cell repertoire and major histocompatibility complex Class II diversity. Animal studies have highlighted some drawbacks of the approach, namely, concerns around induction of NKT cell hyporesponsiveness, which may limit vaccine boosting, and potential for toxicity. Here we highlight studies that suggest these obstacles can be overcome by targeted delivery in vivo. We also feature new studies that suggest activating NKT cells can help encourage differentiation of T cells into tissue-resident memory cells that play an important role in prophylaxis against infection, and may be required in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand
| | - Theresa E Pankhurst
- The School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 33436, Petone 5046, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Connor
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand,The School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 7060, Wellington 6042, New Zealand,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand,Correspondence address. Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand. Tel: +64 4 4996914; E-mail: (I.F.H.)
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Erazo AB, Wang N, Standke L, Semeniuk AD, Fülle L, Cengiz SC, Thiem M, Weighardt H, Strugnell RA, Förster I. CCL17-expressing dendritic cells in the intestine are preferentially infected by Salmonella but CCL17 plays a redundant role in systemic dissemination. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:891-904. [PMID: 33945673 PMCID: PMC8342217 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Salmonella spp. are a recognized and global cause of serious health issues from gastroenteritis to invasive disease. The mouse model of human typhoid fever, which uses Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STM) in susceptible mouse strains, has revealed that the bacteria gain access to extraintestinal tissues from the gastrointestinal tract to cause severe systemic disease. Previous analysis of the immune responses against Salmonella spp. revealed the crucial role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in carrying STM from the intestinal mucosa to the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs), a key site for antigen presentation and T cell activation. In this study, we investigated the influence of chemokine CCL17 on the dissemination of STM. Methods WT, CCL17/EGFP reporter, or CCL17‐deficient mice were infected orally with STM (SL1344) or mCherry‐expressing STM for 1–3 days. Colocalization of STM with CCL17‐expressing DCs in Peyer's patches (PP) and mLN was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, DCs and myeloid cell populations from naïve and Salmonella‐infected mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bacterial load was determined in PP, mLN, spleen, and liver 1 and 3 days after infection. Results Histological analysis revealed that CCL17‐expressing cells are located in close proximity to STM in the dome area of PP. We show that, in mLN, STM were preferentially located within CCL17+ rather than CCL17− DCs, besides other mononuclear phagocytes, and identified the CD103+ CD11b− DC subset as the main STM‐carrying DC population in the intestine. STM infection triggered upregulation of CCL17 expression in specific intestinal DC subsets in a tissue‐specific manner. The dissemination of STM from the gut to the mLN, however, was only moderately influenced by the presence of CCL17. Conclusion CCL17‐expressing DCs were preferentially infected by Salmonella in the intestine in comparison to other DC. Nevertheless, the production of CCL17 was not essential for the early dissemination of Salmonella from the gut to systemic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Erazo
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nancy Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lena Standke
- Department for Innate Immunity and Metaflammation, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian D Semeniuk
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorenz Fülle
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sevgi C Cengiz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manja Thiem
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard A Strugnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Li Y, Zhu L, Hao R, Li Y, Zhao Q, Li S. Systematic expression analysis of the CELSR family reveals the importance of CELSR3 in human lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4349-4362. [PMID: 33811453 PMCID: PMC8093986 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin EGF LAG seven‐pass G‐type receptors (CELSRs) are involved in the progression of various types of cancer. CELSR3, a crucial signalling molecule in the WNT/PCP pathway, is believed to be associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. In this paper, we analysed the expression of CELSR family members using the Oncomine, GEPIA and UALCAN databases. We used a Kaplan‐Meier plotter to assess the effect of CELSRs on tumour prognosis. Next, gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway, miRNA target, kinase target and transcription factor‐target enrichment were analysed by GSEA. Simultaneously, we conducted functional assays including cell viability, colony formation and transwell assays, to determine the oncogenic role of CELSR3 in LUAD. Finally, we used the TIMER and TISIDB databases to analyse the correlation between CELSR3 and immune infiltration and the potential chemokine receptor axis causing immune cell expression. High expression of CELSR3 is in LUAD predicts poor prognosis and early progression of the tumour. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis revealed the functional relationship between CELSR3 and cell adhesion, the cell cycle, and DNA replication. Down‐regulation of CELSR3 suppressed cell proliferation to a significant extent, in addition to inhibiting invasion and migration in LUAD cells. Finally, CELSR3 expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration level of CD8+T cells through the CCL17/CCR4 axis in LUAD. These results indicate that CELSR3 can serve as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Longyu Zhu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ran Hao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuejun Li
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Qinfei Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Bozic T, Sersa G, Kranjc Brezar S, Cemazar M, Markelc B. Gene electrotransfer of proinflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CCL17 as a novel approach of modifying cytokine expression profile in the tumor microenvironment. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107795. [PMID: 33789177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of immunotherapy highly correlates with the degree and the type of infiltrated immune cells in the tumor tissue. Treatments based on modifying the immune cell infiltrate of the tumor microenvironment are thus gaining momentum. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effects of gene therapy with two proinflammatory chemokines CCL5 and CCL17 on inflammatory cytokine expression profile and immune cell infiltrate in two murine breast tumor models, 4T1 and E0771, and two murine colon tumor models, CT26 and MC38. In vitro, lipofection of plasmid DNA encoding CCL5 or CCL17 resulted in changes in the cytokine expression profile similar to control plasmid DNA, implying that the main driver of these changes was the entry of foreign DNA into the cell's cytosol. In vivo, gene electrotransfer resulted in high expression levels of both Ccl5 and Ccl17 transgenes in the 4T1 and CT26 tumor models. Besides a minor increase in the survival of the treated mice, the therapy also resulted in increased expression of Cxcl9 and Ifnγ, potent activators of the immune system, in CT26 tumors. However, this was not recapitulated in changes of TME, implying that a further refinement of the dosing schedule is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - B Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Huo X, Zhou X, Peng P, Yu M, Zhang Y, Yang J, Cao D, Sun H, Shen K. Identification of a Six-Gene Signature for Predicting the Overall Survival of Cervical Cancer Patients. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:809-822. [PMID: 33574675 PMCID: PMC7873033 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of cervical cancer has decreased in recent decades with the development of human papillomavirus vaccines and cancer screening, cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Identifying potential biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment and prognosis prediction is necessary. Methods Samples with mRNA sequencing, copy number variant, single nucleotide polymorphism and clinical follow-up data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and randomly divided into a training dataset (N=146) and a test dataset (N=147). We selected and identified a prognostic gene set and mutated gene set and then integrated the two gene sets with the random survival forest algorithm and constructed a prognostic signature. External validation and immunohistochemical staining were also performed. Results We obtained 1416 differentially expressed prognosis-related genes, 624 genes with copy number amplification, 1038 genes with copy number deletion, and 163 significantly mutated genes. A total of 75 candidate genes were obtained after overlapping the differentially expressed genes and the genes with genomic variations. Subsequently, we obtained six characteristic genes through the random survival forest algorithm. The results showed that high expression of SLC19A3, FURIN, SLC22A3, and DPAGT1 and low expression of CCL17 and DES were associated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer patients. We constructed a six-gene signature that can separate cervical cancer patients according to their different overall survival rates, and it showed robust performance for predicting survival (training set: p ˂ 0.001, AUC = 0.82; testing set: p ˂ 0.01, AUC = 0.59). Conclusion Our study identified a novel six-gene signature and nomogram for predicting the overall survival of cervical cancer patients, which may be beneficial for clinical decision-making for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huo
- Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing,, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengzi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Grabowska J, Stolk DA, Nijen Twilhaar MK, Ambrosini M, Storm G, van der Vliet HJ, de Gruijl TD, van Kooyk Y, den Haan JM. Liposomal Nanovaccine Containing α-Galactosylceramide and Ganglioside GM3 Stimulates Robust CD8 + T Cell Responses via CD169 + Macrophages and cDC1. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9010056. [PMID: 33467048 PMCID: PMC7830461 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful anti-cancer vaccines aim to prime and reinvigorate cytotoxic T cells and should therefore comprise a potent antigen and adjuvant. Antigen targeting to splenic CD169+ macrophages was shown to induce robust CD8+ T cell responses via antigen transfer to cDC1. Interestingly, CD169+ macrophages can also activate type I natural killer T-cells (NKT). NKT activation via ligands such as α-galactosylceramide (αGC) serve as natural adjuvants through dendritic cell activation. Here, we incorporated ganglioside GM3 and αGC in ovalbumin (OVA) protein-containing liposomes to achieve both CD169+ targeting and superior DC activation. The systemic delivery of GM3-αGC-OVA liposomes resulted in specific uptake by splenic CD169+ macrophages, stimulated strong IFNγ production by NKT and NK cells and coincided with the maturation of cDC1 and significant IL-12 production. Strikingly, superior induction of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells was detected after immunization with GM3-αGC-OVA liposomes. CD8+ T cell activation, but not B cell activation, was dependent on CD169+ macrophages and cDC1, while activation of NKT and NK cells were partially mediated by cDC1. In summary, GM3-αGC antigen-containing liposomes are a potent vaccination platform that promotes the interaction between different immune cell populations, resulting in strong adaptive immunity and therefore emerge as a promising anti-cancer vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Grabowska
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Dorian A. Stolk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Maarten K. Nijen Twilhaar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Martino Ambrosini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hans J. van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
- Lava Therapeutics, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.J.v.d.V.); (T.D.d.G.)
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
| | - Joke M.M. den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.G.); (D.A.S.); (M.K.N.T.); (M.A.); (Y.v.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-4448080
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Soluble and Exosome-Bound α-Galactosylceramide Mediate Preferential Proliferation of Educated NK Cells with Increased Anti-Tumor Capacity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020298. [PMID: 33467442 PMCID: PMC7830699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can kill target cells via the recognition of stress molecules and down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). Some NK cells are educated to recognize and kill cells that have lost their MHC-I expression, e.g., tumor or virus-infected cells. A desired property of cancer immunotherapy is, therefore, to activate educated NK cells during anti-tumor responses in vivo. We here analyze NK cell responses to α-galactosylceramide (αGC), a potent activator of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, or to exosomes loaded with αGC. In mouse strains which express different MHC-I alleles using an extended NK cell flow cytometry panel, we show that αGC induces a biased NK cell proliferation of educated NK cells. Importantly, iNKT cell-induced activation of NK cells selectively increased in vivo missing self-responses, leading to more effective rejection of tumor cells. Exosomes from antigen-presenting cells are attractive anti-cancer therapy tools as they may induce both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby addressing the hurdle of tumor heterogeneity. Adding αGC to antigen-loaded dendritic-cell-derived exosomes also led to an increase in missing self-responses in addition to boosted T and B cell responses. This study manifests αGC as an attractive adjuvant in cancer immunotherapy, as it increases the functional capacity of educated NK cells and enhances the innate, missing self-based antitumor response.
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Huang J, Zhou J, Ghinnagow R, Seki T, Iketani S, Soulard D, Paczkowski P, Tsuji Y, MacKay S, Cruz LJ, Trottein F, Tsuji M. Targeted Co-delivery of Tumor Antigen and α-Galactosylceramide to CD141 + Dendritic Cells Induces a Potent Tumor Antigen-Specific Human CD8 + T Cell Response in Human Immune System Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2043. [PMID: 32973811 PMCID: PMC7461784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Active co-delivery of tumor antigens (Ag) and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, to cross-priming CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) was previously shown to promote strong anti-tumor responses in mice. Here, we designed a nanoparticle-based vaccine able to target human CD141+ (BDCA3+) DCs - the equivalent of murine CD8α+ DCs – and deliver both tumor Ag (Melan A) and α-GalCer. This nanovaccine was inoculated into humanized mice that mimic the human immune system (HIS) and possess functional iNKT cells and CD8+ T cells, called HIS-CD8/NKT mice. We found that multiple immunizations of HIS-CD8/NKT mice with the nanovaccine resulted in the activation and/or expansion of human CD141+ DCs and iNKT cells and ultimately elicited a potent Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cell response, as determined by tetramer staining and ELISpot assay. Single-cell proteomics further detailed the highly polyfunctional CD8+ T cells induced by the nanovaccine and revealed their predictive potential for vaccine potency. This finding demonstrates for the first time the unique ability of human iNKT cells to license cross-priming DCs in vivo and adds a new dimension to the current strategy of cancer vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- IsoPlexis, Branford, CT, United States
| | - Reem Ghinnagow
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Toshiyuki Seki
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Iketani
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Yukiko Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Luis Javier Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Fialová A, Koucký V, Hajdušková M, Hladíková K, Špíšek R. Immunological Network in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Prognostic Tool Beyond HPV Status. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1701. [PMID: 33042814 PMCID: PMC7522596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that affects more than 800,000 patients worldwide each year. The variability of HNSCC is associated with differences in the carcinogenesis processes that are caused by two major etiological agents, namely, alcohol/tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Compared to non-virally induced carcinomas, the oropharyngeal tumors associated with HPV infection show markedly better clinical outcomes and are characterized by an immunologically “hot” landscape with high levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, the standard of care remains the same for both HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. Surprisingly, treatment de-escalation trials have not shown any clinical benefit in patients with HPV-positive tumors to date, most likely due to insufficient patient stratification. The in-depth analysis of the immune response, which places an emphasis on tumor-infiltrating immune cells, is a widely accepted prognostic tool that might significantly improve both the stratification of HNSCC patients in de-escalation trials and the development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimír Koucký
- Sotio, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
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Jun BH, Guo T, Libring S, Chanda MK, Paez JS, Shinde A, Wendt MK, Vlachos PP, Solorio L. Fibronectin-Expressing Mesenchymal Tumor Cells Promote Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092553. [PMID: 32911713 PMCID: PMC7565075 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For cancer to metastasize, tumor cells must not only invade the local tissue but must also grow and proliferate once they arrive. Tumor cell heterogeneity, the presence of multiple types of cancer cells within a tumor, can increase cell proliferation and invasion through cooperative interactions, increasing the potential for metastasis. We recently found that pro-invasion cancer cells express the protein fibronectin and increase metastasis for pro-growth cancer cells. We investigated this interaction by analyzing these two cell types’ migration and survival, both alone and in co-cultures. We find that pro-invasion cells have a protective effect on pro-growth cells, which otherwise die after two days in nutrient-starved conditions. Further, we find that adding soluble fibronectin to pro-growth cells in culture was sufficient to improve survival. However, their survival was higher for co-culturing conditions. These studies highlight the importance of cancer cell heterogeneity and the role of fibronectin in metastasis. Abstract Tumor metastasis is connected to epithelial-mesenchymal heterogeneity (EMH) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tumor microenvironment. Mesenchymal-like fibronectin (FN) expressing tumor cells enhance metastasis within tumors that have EMH. However, the secondary tumors are primarily composed of the FN null population. Interestingly, during tumor cell dissemination, the invasive front has more mesenchymal-like characteristics, although the outgrowths of metastatic colonies consist of a more epithelial-like population of cells. We hypothesize that soluble FN provided by mesenchymal-like tumor cells plays a role in supporting the survival of the more epithelial-like tumor cells within the metastatic niche in a paracrine manner. Furthermore, due to a lower rate of proliferation, the mesenchymal-like tumor cells become a minority population within the metastatic niche. In this study, we utilized a multi-parametric cell-tracking algorithm and immunoblotting to evaluate the effect of EMH on the growth and invasion of an isogenic cell series within a 3D collagen network using a microfluidic platform. Using the MCF10A progression series, we demonstrated that co-culture with FN-expressing MCF10CA1h cells significantly enhanced the survival of the more epithelial MCF10CA1a cells, with a two-fold increase in the population after 5 days in co-culture, whereas the population of the MCF10CA1a cells began to decrease after 2.5 days when cultured alone (p < 0.001). However, co-culture did not significantly alter the rate of proliferation for the more mesenchymal MCF10CA1h cells. Epithelial tumor cells not only showed prolonged survival, but migrated significantly longer distances (350 µm compared with 150 µm, respectively, p < 0.01) and with greater velocity magnitude (4.5 µm/h compared with 2.1 µm/h, respectively, p < 0.001) under co-culture conditions and in response to exogenously administered FN. Genetic depletion of FN from the MCF10CA1h cells resulted in a loss of survival and migration capacity of the epithelial and mesenchymal populations. These data suggest that mesenchymal tumor cells may function to support the survival and outgrowth of more epithelial tumor cells within the metastatic niche and that inhibition of FN production may provide a valuable target for treating metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Tianqi Guo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Monica K. Chanda
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (M.K.C.)
| | - Juan Sebastian Paez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.S.P.); (A.S.); (M.K.W.)
| | - Aparna Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.S.P.); (A.S.); (M.K.W.)
| | - Michael K. Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (J.S.P.); (A.S.); (M.K.W.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Pavlos P. Vlachos
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (M.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.V.); (L.S.)
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (M.K.C.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: (P.P.V.); (L.S.)
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Kumar A, Suryadevara NC, Wolf KJ, Wilson JT, Di Paolo RJ, Brien JD, Joyce S. Heterotypic immunity against vaccinia virus in an HLA-B*07:02 transgenic mousepox infection model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13167. [PMID: 32759969 PMCID: PMC7406653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) elicits heterotypic immunity to smallpox, monkeypox, and mousepox, the mechanistic basis for which is poorly understood. It is generally assumed that heterotypic immunity arises from the presentation of a wide array of VACV-derived, CD8+ T cell epitopes that share homology with other poxviruses. Herein this assumption was tested using a large panel of VACV-derived peptides presented by HLA-B*07:02 (B7.2) molecules in a mousepox/ectromelia virus (ECTV)-infection, B7.2 transgenic mouse model. Most dominant epitopes recognized by ECTV- and VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells overlapped significantly without altering immunodominance hierarchy. Further, several epitopes recognized by ECTV-reactive CD8+ T cells were not recognized by VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. In one instance, the lack of recognition owed to a N72K variation in the ECTV C4R70–78 variant of the dominant VACV B8R70–78 epitope. C4R70–78 does not bind to B7.2 and, hence, it was neither immunogenic nor antigenic. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for VACV vaccination-induced heterotypic immunity which can protect against Variola and Monkeypox disease. The understanding of how cross-reactive responses develop is essential for the rational design of a subunit-based vaccine that would be safe, and effectively protect against heterologous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naveen Chandra Suryadevara
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle J Wolf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Akdis CA, Arkwright PD, Brüggen MC, Busse W, Gadina M, Guttman‐Yassky E, Kabashima K, Mitamura Y, Vian L, Wu J, Palomares O. Type 2 immunity in the skin and lungs. Allergy 2020; 75:1582-1605. [PMID: 32319104 DOI: 10.1111/all.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been extensive progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation and immune regulation in allergic diseases of the skin and lungs during the last few years. Asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are typical diseases of type 2 immune responses. interleukin (IL)-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin are essential cytokines of epithelial cells that are activated by allergens, pollutants, viruses, bacteria, and toxins that derive type 2 responses. Th2 cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) produce and secrete type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. IL-4 and IL-13 activate B cells to class-switch to IgE and also play a role in T-cell and eosinophil migration to allergic inflammatory tissues. IL-13 contributes to maturation, activation, nitric oxide production and differentiation of epithelia, production of mucus as well as smooth muscle contraction, and extracellular matrix generation. IL-4 and IL-13 open tight junction barrier and cause barrier leakiness in the skin and lungs. IL-5 acts on activation, recruitment, and survival of eosinophils. IL-9 contributes to general allergic phenotype by enhancing all of the aspects, such as IgE and eosinophilia. Type 2 ILC contribute to inflammation in AD and asthma by enhancing the activity of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and their cytokines. Currently, five biologics are licensed to suppress type 2 inflammation via IgE, IL-5 and its receptor, and IL-4 receptor alpha. Some patients with severe atopic disease have little evidence of type 2 hyperactivity and do not respond to biologics which target this pathway. Studies in responder and nonresponder patients demonstrate the complexity of these diseases. In addition, primary immune deficiency diseases related to T-cell maturation, regulatory T-cell development, and T-cell signaling, such as Omenn syndrome, severe combined immune deficiencies, immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome, and DOCK8, STAT3, and CARD11 deficiencies, help in our understanding of the importance and redundancy of various type 2 immune components. The present review aims to highlight recent advances in type 2 immunity and discuss the cellular sources, targets, and roles of type 2 mechanisms in asthma and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
| | - Peter D. Arkwright
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - William Busse
- Department of Medicine School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin Madison WI USA
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS) Singapore Singapore
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Laura Vian
- Translational Immunology Section Office of Science and Technology National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease NIH Bethesda MD USA
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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Intranasal Therapeutic Peptide Vaccine Promotes Efficient Induction and Trafficking of Cytotoxic T Cell Response for the Clearance of HPV Vaginal Tumors. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020259. [PMID: 32485935 PMCID: PMC7349944 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers continue to affect millions of women around the world, and the five year survival rate under the current standard of care for these cancers is less than 60% in some demographics. Therefore there is still an unmet need to develop an effective therapy that can be easily administered to treat established HPV cervical cancer lesions. We sought to investigate the potential of an intranasal HPV peptide therapeutic vaccine incorporating the combination of α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and CpG-ODN adjuvants (TVAC) against established HPV genital tumors in a syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse model. We obtained evidence to show that TVAC, delivered by the mucosal intranasal route, induced high frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells concurrent with significant reduction in the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), correlating with sustained elimination of established HPV genital tumors in over 85% of mice. Inclusion of both the adjuvants in the vaccine was necessary for significant increase of antigen-specific CD8 T cells to the tumor and antitumor efficacy because vaccination incorporating either adjuvant alone was inefficient. These results strongly support the utility of the TVAC administered by needle-free intranasal route as a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of established genital HPV tumors.
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45
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Lewis SM, Williams A, Eisenbarth SC. Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/33/eaau6085. [PMID: 30824527 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau6085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and, as such, hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. The physical organization of the spleen allows it to filter blood of pathogens and abnormal cells and facilitate low-probability interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and cognate lymphocytes. APCs specific to the spleen regulate the T and B cell response to these antigenic targets in the blood. This review will focus on cell types, cell organization, and immunologic functions specific to the spleen and how these affect initiation of adaptive immunity to systemic blood-borne antigens. Potential differences in structure and function between mouse and human spleen will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Adam Williams
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Ishimwe N, Zhang W, Qian J, Zhang Y, Wen L. Autophagy regulation as a promising approach for improving cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:34-42. [PMID: 32014460 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in intracellular metabolism and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Certain tumor cells present a higher basal autophagy rate and autophagy inhibition can lead to impaired metabolic dysfunction in autophagy-dependent tumor cells. Autophagy status in immune cells dictates their fate and response to antigen; however, autophagy in immune cells may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the developmental stage of the cell and more specifically its degree of differentiation. Autophagy-deficient hosts present variations in many metabolites, proteins and enzymes that may have tumor-promoting or -inhibiting effects. The centrality of autophagy in the metabolism of some cancers and immune cells poses as a critical target whose mechanisms must be further unraveled to optimize patient response and prevent tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Ishimwe
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, PR China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jieying Qian
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, And Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
| | - Longping Wen
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, PR China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine and Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, And Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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Abstract
T cell-mediated elimination of malignant cells is one cornerstone of endogenous and therapeutically induced antitumor immunity. Tumors exploit numerous regulatory mechanisms to suppress T cell immunity. Regulatory T cells (T regs) play a crucial role in this process due to their ability to inhibit antitumoral immune responses and they are known to accumulate in various cancer entities. The chemokine CCL22, predominately produced by dendritic cells (DCs), regulates T reg migration via binding to its receptor CCR4. CCL22 controls T cell immunity, both by recruiting T regs to the tumor tissue and by promoting the formation of DC-T reg contacts in the lymph node. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of CCL22 in cancer immunity. After revising the principal mechanisms of CCL22-induced immune suppression, we address the factors leading to CCL22 expression and ways of targeting this chemokine therapeutically. Therapeutic interventions to the CCL22-CCR4 axis may represent a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy.
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Cross-talk between iNKT cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen requires the IL-4/CCL17 axis for the generation of short-lived effector cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25816-25827. [PMID: 31796596 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913491116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting an effective immune response relies critically on the coordinated interactions between adaptive and innate compartments. How and where immune cells from these different compartments interact is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cross-talk between invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) and CD8+ T cells in the spleen, essential for initiating productive immune responses, is biphasic and occurs at 2 distinct sites. Codelivery of antigen and adjuvant to antigen-presenting cells results in: 1) initial short-lived interactions (0 to 6 h), between CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and iNKT cells recruited outside the white pulp; 2) followed by long-lasting contacts (12 to 24 h) between iNKT cells, DCs, and CD8+ T cells occurring in a 3-way interaction profile within the white pulp. Both CXCR3 and CCR4 are essential to orchestrate this highly dynamic process and play nonredundant in T cell memory generation. While CXCR3 promotes memory T cells, CCR4 supports short-lived effector cell generation. We believe our work provides insights into the initiation of T cell responses in the spleen and their consequences for T cell differentiation.
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49
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Fujii SI, Shimizu K. Immune Networks and Therapeutic Targeting of iNKT Cells in Cancer. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:984-997. [PMID: 31676264 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary goals in tumor immunotherapy is to reset the immune system from tolerogenic to immunogenic - a process in which invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are implicated. iNKT cells develop in the thymus and perform immunosurveillance against tumor cells peripherally. When optimally stimulated, iNKT cells differentiate and display more efficient immune functions. Some cells survive and act as effector memory cells. We discuss the putative roles of iNKT cells in antitumor immunity, and posit that it may be possible to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat cancers using iNKT cells. In particular, we highlight the challenge of uniquely energizing iNKT cell-licensed dendritic cells to serve as effective immunoadjuvants for both arms of the immune system, thus coupling immunological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kanako Shimizu
- Laboratory for Immunotherapy, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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50
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Invariant NKT cells facilitate cytotoxic T-cell activation via direct recognition of CD1d on T cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-9. [PMID: 31653827 PMCID: PMC6814837 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0329-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a major subset of NKT cells that recognize foreign and endogenous lipid antigens presented by CD1d. Although iNKT cells are characteristically autoreactive to self-antigens, the role of iNKT cells in the regulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been elucidated using α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a strong synthetic glycolipid that is presented by professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells. Despite the well-known effects of α-GalCer and dendritic cells on lipid antigen presentation, the physiological role of endogenous antigens presented by CTLs during crosstalk with iNKT cells has not yet been addressed. In this study, we found that antigen-primed CTLs with transient CD1d upregulation could present lipid self-antigens to activate the iNKT cell production of IFN-γ. CTL-mediated iNKT cell activation in turn enhanced IFN-γ production and the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CTLs. We also found that the direct interaction of iNKT cells and CTLs enhanced the antitumor immune responses of CTLs. This partially explains the functional role of iNKT cells in CTL-mediated antitumor immunity. Our findings suggest that in the absence of exogenous iNKT cell ligands, iNKT cells enhanced the CTL production of IFN-γ and CTL proliferation and cytotoxicity via direct interaction with CD1d expressed on T cells without interacting with APCs. Cancer-killing T cells engage in a form of molecular crosstalk with other specialized immune cells to enhance anti-tumor immune responses in mice. Se-Ho Park and colleagues from Korea University in Seoul, South Korea, studied a specialized population of immune cells known as invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which serve as important mediators of tumor surveillance. They showed that iNKT cells directly interact with cancer-killing cytotoxic T cells through surface molecules and not through other immune cells. The resulting activation of iNKT cells leads to the production of a pro-inflammatory signaling molecule, which in turn enhances the proliferation and killing potential of the cytotoxic T cells, ultimately producing more potent tumor control in a mouse model of lymphoma. The findings could aid in the development of iNKT-based cancer immunotherapies.
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