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Swart M, Redpath AN, Ogbechi J, Cardenas R, Topping L, Compeer EB, Goddard M, Chanalaris A, Williams R, Brewer DS, Smart N, Monaco C, Troeberg L. The extracellular heparan sulfatase SULF2 limits myeloid IFNβ signaling and Th17 responses in inflammatory arthritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:350. [PMID: 39141086 PMCID: PMC11335274 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are important regulators of cellular responses to soluble mediators such as chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. We profiled changes in expression of genes encoding HS core proteins, biosynthesis enzymes and modifiers during macrophage polarisation, and found that the most highly regulated gene was Sulf2, an extracellular HS 6-O-sulfatase that was markedly downregulated in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. We then generated Sulf2+/- bone marrow chimeric mice and examined inflammatory responses in antigen-induced arthritis, as a model of rheumatoid arthritis. Resolution of inflammation was impaired in myeloid Sulf2+/- chimeras, with elevated joint swelling and increased abundance of pro-arthritic Th17 cells in synovial tissue. Transcriptomic and in vitro analyses indicated that Sulf2 deficiency increased type I interferon signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages, leading to elevated expression of the Th17-inducing cytokine IL6. This establishes that dynamic remodeling of HS by Sulf2 limits type I interferon signaling in macrophages, and so protects against Th17-driven pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Swart
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andia N Redpath
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Joy Ogbechi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ryan Cardenas
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Louise Topping
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Ewoud B Compeer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Michael Goddard
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anastasios Chanalaris
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Richard Williams
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Daniel S Brewer
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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Sun L, Han Y, Li B, Yang Y, Fang Y, Ren X, An L, Hou X, Fan H, Wu Y. A Novel Frameshift Variant of the ELF4 Gene in a Patient with Autoinflammatory Disease: Clinical Features, Transcriptomic Profiling and Functional Studies. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:127. [PMID: 38773005 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We described the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with autoinflammatory disease, named "Deficiency in ELF4, X-linked (DEX)". A novel ELF4 variant was discovered and its pathogenic mechanism was elucidated. The data about clinical, laboratory and endoscopic features, treatment, and follow-up of a patient with DEX were analyzed. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify potential pathogenic variants. The mRNA and protein levels of ELF4 were analyzed by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. The association of ELF4 frameshift variant with nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in the pathogenesis DEX was examined. Moreover, RNA-seq was performed to identify the key molecular events triggered by ELF4 variant. The relationship between ELF4 and IFN-β activity was validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and a ChIP-qPCR assay. An 11-year-old boy presented with a Behçet's-like phenotype. The laboratory abnormality was the most obvious in elevated inflammatory indicators. Endoscopy revealed multiple ileocecal ulcers. Intestinal histopathology showed inflammatory cell infiltrations. The patient was treated with long-term immunosuppressant and TNF-α blocker (adalimumab), which reaped an excellent response over 16 months of follow-up. Genetic analysis identified a maternal hemizygote frameshift variant (c.1022del, p.Q341Rfs*30) in ELF4 gene in the proband. The novel variant decreased the mRNA level of ELF4 via the NMD pathway. Mechanistically, insufficient expression of ELF4 disturbed the immune system, leading to immunological disorders and pathogen susceptibility, and disrupted ELF4-activating IFN-β responses. This analysis detailed the clinical characteristics of a Chinese patient with DEX who harbored a novel ELF4 frameshift variant. For the first time, we used patient-derived cells and carried out transcriptomic analysis to delve into the mechanism of ELF4 variant in DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya'nan Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Benchang Li
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu An
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Imaging, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huafeng Fan
- Department of Education Science, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
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王 楠, 谢 咏, 汪 志. [Two Cases of Behcet's Disease-Like Syndrome with Gene Deficiency in ELF4]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2024; 55:756-761. [PMID: 38948265 PMCID: PMC11211776 DOI: 10.12182/20240560606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The patient 1, a 13-year-old boy, was admitted due to "recurrent oral ulcers for 3 years, abdominal pain for 8 months, and perianal ulcers for 10 days"; The patient 2, a 3-year-old boy, was admitted due to "recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever for over 3 months". Genetic testing of both patients revealed "deficiency in ELF4, X-linked" (DEX), and the patients were diagnosed with Behcet's disease-like syndrome due to deficiency in ELF4, accordingly. The patient 1 was successively given intravenous methylprednisolone pulses and oral prednisone and mesalazine for symptomatic treatment. The patient 2 was successively treated with corticosteroids combined with enteral nutrition, as well as oral mercaptopurine. Subsequently, both patients showed improvements in symptoms and were discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- 楠 王
- 四川大学华西第二医院 儿科 (成都 610041)Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室(四川大学) (成都 610041)Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 四川大学华西临床医学院 (成都 610041)West China College of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 咏梅 谢
- 四川大学华西第二医院 儿科 (成都 610041)Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室(四川大学) (成都 610041)Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 志凌 汪
- 四川大学华西第二医院 儿科 (成都 610041)Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- 出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室(四川大学) (成都 610041)Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Du HQ, Zhao XD. Current understanding of ELF4 deficiency: a novel inborn error of immunity. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:444-450. [PMID: 38733460 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ELF4 deficiency has been recently recognized as a novel disorder within the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), specifically categorized as a "disease of immune dysregulation." Cases of this condition, reported by our team and others, are very limited worldwide. As such, our current knowledge of this new disease remains preliminary. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies for this novel IEI. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive review was conducted after an extensive literature search in the PubMed/Medline database and websites concerning transcriptional factor ELF4 and reports concerning patients with ELF4 deficiency. Our search strategy was "ELF4 OR ETS-related transcription factor Elf-4 OR EL4-like factor 4 OR myeloid Elf-1-like factor" as of the time of manuscript submission. RESULTS The current signature manifestations of ELF4 deficiency disorder are recurrent and prolonged oral ulcer, abdominal pain, and diarrhea in pediatric males. In some cases, immunodeficiency and autoimmunity can also be prominent. Targeted Sanger sequencing or whole exome sequencing can be used to detect variation in ELF4 gene. Western blotting for ELF4 expression of the patient's cells can confirm the pathogenic effect of the variant. To fully confirm the pathogenicity of the variant, further functional test is strongly advised. Glucocorticoid and biologics are the mainstream management of ELF4 deficiency disorder. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric males presenting with recurring ulcerations in digestive tract epithelium with or without recurrent fever should be suspected of DEX. When atypical presentations are prominent, variations in ELF4 gene should be carefully evaluated functionally due to the complex nature of ELF4 function. Experience of treating DEX includes use of glucocorticoid and biologics and more precise treatment needs more patients to identify and further mechanistic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiang Du
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan Er Road 136Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Rare Diseases in Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan Er Road 136Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Xu B, Musai J, Tan YS, Hile GA, Swindell WR, Klein B, Qin JT, Sarkar MK, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. A Critical Role for IFN-β Signaling for IFN-κ Induction in Keratinocytes. FRONTIERS IN LUPUS 2024; 2:1359714. [PMID: 38707772 PMCID: PMC11065136 DOI: 10.3389/flupu.2024.1359714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background/Purpose Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) affects up to 70% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and type I interferons (IFNs) are important promoters of SLE and CLE. Our previous work identified IFN-kappa (IFN-κ), a keratinocyte-produced type I IFN, as upregulated in non-lesional and lesional lupus skin and as a critical regulator for enhanced UVB-mediated cell death in SLE keratinocytes. Importantly, the molecular mechanisms governing regulation of IFN-κ expression have been relatively unexplored. Thus, this study sought to identify critical regulators of IFN-κ and identified a novel role for IFN-beta (IFN-β). Methods Human N/TERT keratinocytes were treated with the RNA mimic poly (I:C) or 50 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet B (UVB), followed by mRNA expression quantification by RT-qPCR in the presence or absence neutralizing antibody to the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). IFNB and STAT1 knockout (KO) keratinocytes were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Results Time courses of poly(I:C) and UVB treatment revealed a differential expression of IFNB, which was upregulated between 3-6 hours and IFNK, which was upregulated 24 hours after stimulation. Intriguingly, only IFNK expression was substantially abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to IFNAR, suggesting that IFNK upregulation required type I IFN signaling for induction. Indeed, deletion of IFNB abrogated IFNK expression. Further exploration confirmed a role for type I IFN-triggered STAT1 activation. Conclusion Collectively, our work describes a novel mechanistic paradigm in keratinocytes in which initial IFN-κ induction in response to poly(I:C) and UVB is IFNβ1-dependent, thus describing IFNK as both an IFN gene and an interferon-stimulated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jon Musai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Yee Sun Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - William R Swindell
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9175
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - J Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Olyha SJ, O'Connor SK, Kribis M, Bucklin ML, Uthaya Kumar DB, Tyler PM, Alam F, Jones KM, Sheikha H, Konnikova L, Lakhani SA, Montgomery RR, Catanzaro J, Du H, DiGiacomo DV, Rothermel H, Moran CJ, Fiedler K, Warner N, Hoppenreijs EPAH, van der Made CI, Hoischen A, Olbrich P, Neth O, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Lucena Soto JM, van Rossum AMC, Dalm VASH, Muise AM, Lucas CL. "Deficiency in ELF4, X-Linked": a Monogenic Disease Entity Resembling Behçet's Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:44. [PMID: 38231408 PMCID: PMC10929603 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Defining monogenic drivers of autoinflammatory syndromes elucidates mechanisms of disease in patients with these inborn errors of immunity and can facilitate targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we describe a cohort of patients with a Behçet's- and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like disorder termed "deficiency in ELF4, X-linked" (DEX) affecting males with loss-of-function variants in the ELF4 transcription factor gene located on the X chromosome. An international cohort of fourteen DEX patients was assessed to identify unifying clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria as well as collate findings informing therapeutic responses. DEX patients exhibit a heterogeneous clinical phenotype including weight loss, oral and gastrointestinal aphthous ulcers, fevers, skin inflammation, gastrointestinal symptoms, arthritis, arthralgia, and myalgia, with findings of increased inflammatory markers, anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, intermittently low natural killer and class-switched memory B cells, and increased inflammatory cytokines in the serum. Patients have been predominantly treated with anti-inflammatory agents, with the majority of DEX patients treated with biologics targeting TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam J Olyha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon K O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marat Kribis
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly L Bucklin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul M Tyler
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Faiad Alam
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kate M Jones
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hassan Sheikha
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Catanzaro
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daniel V DiGiacomo
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Holly Rothermel
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Moran
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, MassGeneral for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karoline Fiedler
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Warner
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Esther P A H Hoppenreijs
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Caspar I van der Made
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olbrich
- Inborn Errors of Immunity Group, Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Pediatría y Radiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Olaf Neth
- Inborn Errors of Immunity Group, Biomedicine Institute of Sevilla (IBiS), CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodríguez-Martínez
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Erasmus MC University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Rare Immunological Diseases (RIDC), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Science and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Kuang M, Zhao Y, Yu H, Li S, Liu T, Chen L, Chen J, Luo Y, Guo X, Wei X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Wang D, You F. XAF1 promotes anti-RNA virus immune responses by regulating chromatin accessibility. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg5211. [PMID: 37595039 PMCID: PMC10438455 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid induction of antiviral genes is critical for eliminating viruses, which requires activated transcription factors and opened chromatins to initiate transcription. However, it remains elusive how the accessibility of specific chromatin is regulated during infection. Here, we found that XAF1 functioned as an epigenetic regulator that liberated repressed chromatin after infection. Upon RNA virus infection, MAVS recruited XAF1 and TBK1. TBK1 phosphorylated XAF1 at serine-252 and promoted its nuclear translocation. XAF1 then interacted with TRIM28 with the guidance of IRF1 to the specific locus of antiviral genes. XAF1 de-SUMOylated TRIM28 through its PHD domain, which led to increased accessibility of the chromatin and robust induction of antiviral genes. XAF1-deficient mice were susceptible to RNA virus due to impaired induction of antiviral genes. Together, XAF1 acts as an epigenetic regulator that promotes the opening of chromatin and activation of antiviral immunity by targeting TRIM28 during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kuang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siji Li
- Ningbo first hospital, Ningbo hospital Zhejiang university, Ningbo, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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8
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Li Z, Li G, Li Y, Luo Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wu C, You F. Deubiquitinase OTUD6A Regulates Innate Immune Response via Targeting UBC13. Viruses 2023; 15:1761. [PMID: 37632103 PMCID: PMC10458163 DOI: 10.3390/v15081761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OTUD6A is a deubiquitinase that plays crucial roles in various human diseases. However, the precise regulatory mechanism of OTUD6A remains unclear. In this study, we found that OTUD6A significantly inhibited the production of type I interferon. Consistently, peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages from Otud6a-/- mice produced more type I interferon after virus infection compared to cells from WT mice. Otud6a-/-- mice also exhibited increased resistance to lethal HSV-1 and VSV infections, as well as LPS attacks due to decreased inflammatory responses. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry results revealed that UBC13 was an OTUD6A-interacting protein, and the interaction was significantly enhanced after HSV-1 stimulation. Taken together, our findings suggest that OTUD6A plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Guanwen Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yujie Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shengde Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fuping You
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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9
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Hepkema J, Lee NK, Stewart BJ, Ruangroengkulrith S, Charoensawan V, Clatworthy MR, Hemberg M. Predicting the impact of sequence motifs on gene regulation using single-cell data. Genome Biol 2023; 24:189. [PMID: 37582793 PMCID: PMC10426127 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The binding of transcription factors at proximal promoters and distal enhancers is central to gene regulation. Identifying regulatory motifs and quantifying their impact on expression remains challenging. Using a convolutional neural network trained on single-cell data, we infer putative regulatory motifs and cell type-specific importance. Our model, scover, explains 29% of the variance in gene expression in multiple mouse tissues. Applying scover to distal enhancers identified using scATAC-seq from the developing human brain, we identify cell type-specific motif activities in distal enhancers. Scover can identify regulatory motifs and their importance from single-cell data where all parameters and outputs are easily interpretable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Hepkema
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicholas Keone Lee
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Siwat Ruangroengkulrith
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 7310, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin Hemberg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
- The Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK.
- Gene Lay Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Yokomizo-Nakano T, Hamashima A, Kubota S, Bai J, Sorin S, Sun Y, Kikuchi K, Iimori M, Morii M, Kanai A, Iwama A, Huang G, Kurotaki D, Takizawa H, Matsui H, Sashida G. Exposure to microbial products followed by loss of Tet2 promotes myelodysplastic syndrome via remodeling HSCs. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220962. [PMID: 37071125 PMCID: PMC10120406 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant innate immune signaling in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been implicated as a driver of the development of MDS. We herein demonstrated that a prior stimulation with bacterial and viral products followed by loss of the Tet2 gene facilitated the development of MDS via up-regulating the target genes of the Elf1 transcription factor and remodeling the epigenome in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in a manner that was dependent on Polo-like kinases (Plk) downstream of Tlr3/4-Trif signaling but did not increase genomic mutations. The pharmacological inhibition of Plk function or the knockdown of Elf1 expression was sufficient to prevent the epigenetic remodeling in HSCs and diminish the enhanced clonogenicity and the impaired erythropoiesis. Moreover, this Elf1-target signature was significantly enriched in MDS HSPCs in humans. Therefore, prior infection stress and the acquisition of a driver mutation remodeled the transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes and cellular functions in HSCs via the Trif-Plk-Elf1 axis, which promoted the development of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokomizo-Nakano
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Hamashima
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Supannika Sorin
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mihoko Iimori
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takizawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsui
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Goro Sashida
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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11
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Chauvin SD, Stinson WA, Platt DJ, Poddar S, Miner JJ. Regulation of cGAS and STING signaling during inflammation and infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104866. [PMID: 37247757 PMCID: PMC10316007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a sensor of cyclic dinucleotides including cyclic GMP-AMP, which is produced by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in response to cytosolic DNA. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as fundamental cellular functions such as autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis. Mutations leading to constitutive activation of STING cause devastating human diseases. Thus, the cGAS-STING pathway is of great interest because of its role in diverse cellular processes and because of the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cGAS and STING. Here, we review molecular and cellular mechanisms of STING signaling, and we propose a framework for understanding the immunological and other cellular functions of STING in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Chauvin
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Alexander Stinson
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Derek J Platt
- Department Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Subhajit Poddar
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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12
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Sun G, Wu M, Lv Q, Yang X, Wu J, Tang W, Dai R, Zhou L, Ding Y, Zhang Z, An Y, Tang X, Zheng X, Wang Z, Sun L, Xie Y, Zhao X, Du H. A Multicenter Cohort Study of Immune Dysregulation Disorders Caused by ELF4 Variants in China. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:933-939. [PMID: 36823308 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Patients with DEX (deficiency in ELF4, X-linked) were recently reported by our team and others, and cases are very limited worldwide. Our knowledge of this new disease is currently preliminary. In this study, we described 5 more cases presenting mainly with oral ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease-like symptoms, fever of unknown origin, anemia, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Whole exome sequencing identified potential pathogenic ELF4 variants in all cases. The pathogenicity of these variants was confirmed by the detection of ELF4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients and utilizing a simple IFN-b luciferase reporter assay, as previously reported. Our findings significantly contribute to the current understanding of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maolan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianying Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxin Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of China, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Alharthi J, Pan Z, Gloss BS, McLeod D, Weltman M, George J, Eslam M. Loss of metabolic adaptation in lean MAFLD is driven by endotoxemia leading to epigenetic reprogramming. Metabolism 2023; 144:155583. [PMID: 37146900 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lean patients with MAFLD have an initial adaptive metabolic response characterised by increased serum bile acids and Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) activity. How this adaptive response wanes resulting in an equal or perhaps worse long-term adverse outcome compared to patients with obese MAFLD is not known. We show that patients with lean MAFLD have endotoxemia while their macrophages demonstrate excess production of inflammatory cytokines in response to activation by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands when compared to healthy subjects. Alterations of the lean MAFLD macrophage epigenome drives this response and suppresses bile acids signalling to drive inflammation. Our data suggests that selectively restoring bile acids signalling might restore adaptive metabolic responses in patients with MAFLD who are lean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Alharthi
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyan Pan
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian S Gloss
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Martin Weltman
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Garcia G, Irudayam JI, Jeyachandran AV, Dubey S, Chang C, Castillo Cario S, Price N, Arumugam S, Marquez AL, Shah A, Fanaei A, Chakravarty N, Joshi S, Sinha S, French SW, Parcells MS, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Innate immune pathway modulator screen identifies STING pathway activation as a strategy to inhibit multiple families of arbo and respiratory viruses. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101024. [PMID: 37119814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to remain a threat for potential pandemics due to their rapid evolution. Potentiating host antiviral pathways to prevent or limit viral infections is a promising strategy. Thus, by testing a library of innate immune agonists targeting pathogen recognition receptors, we observe that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), stimulator of interferon genes (STING), TLR8, and Dectin-1 ligands inhibit arboviruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus, and Zika virus to varying degrees. STING agonists (cAIMP, diABZI, and 2',3'-cGAMP) and Dectin-1 agonist scleroglucan demonstrate the most potent, broad-spectrum antiviral function. Furthermore, STING agonists inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68) infection in cardiomyocytes. Transcriptome analysis reveals that cAIMP treatment rescue cells from CHIKV-induced dysregulation of cell repair, immune, and metabolic pathways. In addition, cAIMP provides protection against CHIKV in a chronic CHIKV-arthritis mouse model. Our study describes innate immune signaling circuits crucial for RNA virus replication and identifies broad-spectrum antivirals effective against multiple families of pandemic potential RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arjit Vijey Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swati Dubey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Castillo Cario
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nate Price
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sathya Arumugam
- Department of Mathematics, Government College Daman, Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 396210, India
| | - Angelica L Marquez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Fanaei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Chakravarty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark S Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore 560065, India; City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA.
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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15
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The link between rheumatic disorders and inborn errors of immunity. EBioMedicine 2023; 90:104501. [PMID: 36870198 PMCID: PMC9996386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are immunological disorders characterized by variable susceptibility to infections, immune dysregulation and/or malignancies, as a consequence of damaging germline variants in single genes. Though initially identified among patients with unusual, severe or recurrent infections, non-infectious manifestations and especially immune dysregulation in the form of autoimmunity or autoinflammation can be the first or dominant phenotypic aspect of IEIs. An increasing number of IEIs causing autoimmunity or autoinflammation, including rheumatic disease have been reported over the last decade. Despite their rarity, identification of those disorders provided insight into the pathomechanisms of immune dysregulation, which may be relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of systemic rheumatic disorders. In this review, we present novel IEIs primarily causing autoimmunity or autoinflammation along with their pathogenic mechanisms. In addition, we explore the likely pathophysiological and clinical relevance of IEIs in systemic rheumatic disorders.
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16
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Garcia G, Irudayam JI, Jeyachandran AV, Dubey S, Chang C, Cario SC, Price N, Arumugam S, Marquez AL, Shah A, Fanaei A, Chakravarty N, Joshi S, Sinha S, French SW, Parcells M, Ramaiah A, Arumugaswami V. Broad-spectrum antiviral inhibitors targeting pandemic potential RNA viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524824. [PMID: 36711787 PMCID: PMC9882367 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses continue to remain a clear and present threat for potential pandemics due to their rapid evolution. To mitigate their impact, we urgently require antiviral agents that can inhibit multiple families of disease-causing viruses, such as arthropod-borne and respiratory pathogens. Potentiating host antiviral pathways can prevent or limit viral infections before escalating into a major outbreak. Therefore, it is critical to identify broad-spectrum antiviral agents. We have tested a small library of innate immune agonists targeting pathogen recognition receptors, including TLRs, STING, NOD, Dectin and cytosolic DNA or RNA sensors. We observed that TLR3, STING, TLR8 and Dectin-1 ligands inhibited arboviruses, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Zika virus, to varying degrees. Cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) STING agonists, such as cAIMP, diABZI, and 2',3'-cGAMP, and Dectin-1 agonist scleroglucan, demonstrated the most potent, broad-spectrum antiviral function. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that CHIKV-infected cells had larger number of differentially expressed genes than of WNV and ZIKV. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that cAIMP treatment rescued cells from CHIKV-induced dysregulation of cell repair, immune, and metabolic pathways. In addition, cAIMP provided protection against CHIKV in a CHIKV-arthritis mouse model. Cardioprotective effects of synthetic STING ligands against CHIKV, WNV, SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections were demonstrated using human cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, the direct-acting antiviral drug remdesivir, a nucleoside analogue, was not effective against CHIKV and WNV, but exhibited potent antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2, RSV (respiratory syncytial virus), and EV-D68. Our study identifies broad-spectrum antivirals effective against multiple families of pandemic potential RNA viruses, which can be rapidly deployed to prevent or mitigate future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arjit Vijay Jeyachandran
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Swati Dubey
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Chang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Castillo Cario
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nate Price
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sathya Arumugam
- Department of Mathematics, Government College Daman, U.T of DNH & DD, India
| | - Angelica L. Marquez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amir Fanaei
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Chakravarty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Samuel W. French
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark Parcells
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Arunachalam Ramaiah
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, Center at inStem, Bangalore 560065, India,City of Milwaukee Health Department, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, DVM, PhD., 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS B2-049A, Los Angeles, California 90095, Phone: (310) 794-9568, , Arunachalam Ramaiah, MS, PhD., 841 N. Broadway, 2nd Floor, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202,
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Lead Contact,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami, DVM, PhD., 10833 Le Conte Ave, CHS B2-049A, Los Angeles, California 90095, Phone: (310) 794-9568, , Arunachalam Ramaiah, MS, PhD., 841 N. Broadway, 2nd Floor, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202,
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17
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Salinas SA, Mace EM, Conte MI, Park CS, Li Y, Rosario-Sepulveda JI, Mahapatra S, Moore EK, Hernandez ER, Chinn IK, Reed AE, Lee BJ, Frumovitz A, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Forbes Satter LR, Thatayatikom A, Allenspach EJ, Wensel TG, Lupski JR, Lacorazza HD, Orange JS. An ELF4 hypomorphic variant results in NK cell deficiency. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e155481. [PMID: 36477361 PMCID: PMC9746917 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell deficiencies (NKD) are a type of primary immune deficiency in which the major immunologic abnormality affects NK cell number, maturity, or function. Since NK cells contribute to immune defense against virally infected cells, patients with NKD experience higher susceptibility to chronic, recurrent, and fatal viral infections. An individual with recurrent viral infections and mild hypogammaglobulinemia was identified to have an X-linked damaging variant in the transcription factor gene ELF4. The variant does not decrease expression but disrupts ELF4 protein interactions and DNA binding, reducing transcriptional activation of target genes and selectively impairing ELF4 function. Corroborating previous murine models of ELF4 deficiency (Elf4-/-) and using a knockdown human NK cell line, we determined that ELF4 is necessary for normal NK cell development, terminal maturation, and function. Through characterization of the NK cells of the proband, expression of the proband's variant in Elf4-/- mouse hematopoietic precursor cells, and a human in vitro NK cell maturation model, we established this ELF4 variant as a potentially novel cause of NKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Andrea Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matilde I. Conte
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Yu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Sanjana Mahapatra
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily K. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evelyn R. Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail E. Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barclay J. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Frumovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Akaluck Thatayatikom
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Shands Children’s Hospital, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric J. Allenspach
- Division of Immunology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, and
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Shi L, Zhai Y, Zhao Y, Kong X, Zhang D, Yu H, Li Z. ELF4 is critical to zygotic gene activation and epigenetic reprogramming during early embryonic development in pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:954601. [PMID: 35928113 PMCID: PMC9343831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.954601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zygotic gene activation (ZGA) and epigenetic reprogramming are critical in early embryonic development in mammals, and transcription factors are involved in regulating these events. However, the effects of ELF4 on porcine embryonic development remain unclear. In this study, the expression of ELF4 was detected in early porcine embryos and different tissues. By knocking down ELF4, the changes of H3K9me3 modification, DNA methylation and ZGA-related genes were analyzed. Our results showed that ELF4 was expressed at all stages of early porcine embryos fertilized in vitro (IVF), with the highest expression level at the 8-cell stage. The embryonic developmental competency and blastocyst quality decreased after ELF4 knockdown (20.70% control vs. 17.49% si-scramble vs. 2.40% si-ELF4; p < 0.001). Knockdown of ELF4 induced DNA damage at the 4-cell stage. Interfering with ELF4 resulted in abnormal increases in H3K9me3 and DNA methylation levels at the 4-cell stage and inhibited the expression of genes related to ZGA. These results suggest that ELF4 affects ZGA and embryonic development competency in porcine embryos by maintaining genome integrity and regulating dynamic changes of H3K9me3 and DNA methylation, and correctly activating ZGA-related genes to promote epigenetic reprogramming. These results provide a theoretical basis for further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of ELF4 in porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanshen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangjie Kong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Hao Yu
| | - Ziyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Ziyi Li
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19
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Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae genus pestivirus. The viral genome is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA that encodes four structural proteins (i.e., C, Erns, E1, and E2) and eight non-structural proteins (NSPs) (i.e., Npro, p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B). Cattle infected with BVDV exhibit a number of different clinical signs including diarrhea, abortion, and other reproductive disorders which have a serious impact on the cattle industry worldwide. Research on BVDV mainly focuses on its structural protein, however, progress in understanding the functions of the NSPs of BVDV has also been made in recent decades. The knowledge gained on the BVDV non-structural proteins is helpful to more fully understand the viral replication process and the molecular mechanism of viral persistent infection. This review focuses on the functions of BVDV NSPs and provides references for the identification of BVDV, the diagnosis and prevention of Bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease (BVD-MD), and the development of vaccines.
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20
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Intestinal ELF4 Deletion Exacerbates Alcoholic Liver Disease by Disrupting Gut Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094825. [PMID: 35563234 PMCID: PMC9102452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is characterized by intestinal barrier disruption and gut dysbiosis. Dysfunction of E74-like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4) leads to colitis. We aimed to test the hypothesis that intestinal ELF4 plays a critical role in maintaining the normal function of intestinal barrier and gut homeostasis in a mouse model of ALD. Intestinal ELF4 deficiency resulted in dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Elf4−/− mice exhibited gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis with the characteristic of a larger proportion of Proteobacteria. The LPS increased in Elf4−/− mice and was the most important differential metabolite between Elf4−/− mice and WT mice. Alcohol exposure increased liver-to-body weight ratio, and hepatic inflammation response and steatosis in WT mice. These deleterious effects were exaggerated in Elf4−/− mice. Alcohol exposure significantly increased serum levels of TG, ALT, and AST in Elf4−/− mice but not in WT mice. In addition, alcohol exposure resulted in enriched expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism and lipid metabolism in livers from Elf4−/− mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a decrease abundance of Akkermansia and Bilophila in Elf4−/− mice. In conclusion, intestinal ELF4 is an important host protective factor in maintaining gut homeostasis and alleviating alcohol exposure-induced hepatic steatosis and injury.
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21
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Sun G, Qiu L, Yu L, An Y, Ding Y, Zhou L, Wu J, Yang X, Zhang Z, Tang X, Xia H, Cao L, You F, Zhao X, Du H. Loss of Function Mutation in ELF4 Causes Autoinflammatory and Immunodeficiency Disease in Human. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:798-810. [PMID: 35266071 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases (mAIDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases affecting primarily innate immunity, with various genetic causes. Genetic diagnosis of mAIDs can assist in the patient's management and therapy. However, a large number of sporadic and familial cases remain genetically uncharacterized. Deficiency in ELF4, X-linked (DEX) is recently identified as a novel mAID. Here, we described a pediatric patient suffering from recurrent viral and bacterial respiratory infection, refractory oral ulcer, constipation, and arthritis. Whole-exome sequencing found a hemizygous variant in ELF4 (chrX:129205133 A > G, c.691 T > C, p.W231R). Using cells from patient and point mutation mice, we showed mutant cells failed to restrict viral replication effectively and produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines. RNA-seq identified several potential critical antiviral and anti-inflammation genes with decreased expression, and ChIP-qPCR assay suggested mutant ELF4 failed to bind to the promoters of these genes. Thus, we presented the second report of DEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luyao Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Yu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfei An
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawei Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Fuping You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hongqiang Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders (Chongqing), Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Fan YM, Zhang YL, Luo H, Mohamud Y. Crosstalk between RNA viruses and DNA sensors: Role of the cGAS‐STING signalling pathway. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2343. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Michelle Fan
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation St. Paul's Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation St. Paul's Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation St. Paul's Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation St. Paul's Hospital University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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23
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Chen J, Wei X, Wang X, Liu T, Zhao Y, Chen L, Luo Y, Du H, Li Y, Liu T, Cao L, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Liang L, Li L, Yan X, Zhang X, Deng X, Yang G, Yin P, Hao J, Yin Z, You F. TBK1-METTL3 axis facilitates antiviral immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110373. [PMID: 35172162 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA m6A modification is heavily involved in modulation of immune responses. However, its function in antiviral immunity is controversial, and how immune responses regulate m6A modification remains elusive. We here find TBK1, a key kinase of antiviral pathways, phosphorylates the core m6A methyltransferase METTL3 at serine 67. The phosphorylated METTL3 interacts with the translational complex, which is required for enhancing protein translation, thus facilitating antiviral responses. TBK1 also promotes METTL3 activation and m6A modification to stabilize IRF3 mRNA. Type I interferon (IFN) induction is severely impaired in METTL3-deficient cells. Mettl3fl/fl-lyz2-Cre mice are more susceptible to influenza A virus (IAV)-induced lethality than control mice. Consistently, Ythdf1-/- mice show higher mortality than wild-type mice due to decreased IRF3 expression and subsequently attenuated IFN production. Together, we demonstrate that innate signals activate METTL3 via TBK1, and METTL3-mediated m6A modification secures antiviral immunity by promoting mRNA stability and protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; College of Acupuncture & Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongqiang Du
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Acupuncture & Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, Shaanxi Province 712046, China
| | - Xuhui Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Departments of Parasitology and Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No. 601, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianlei Hao
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, China; The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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24
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Yang D, Dai X, Xing Y, Tang X, Yang G, Harrison AG, Cahoon J, Li H, Lv X, Yu X, Wang P, Wang H. Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells contribute to LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Commun Biol 2022; 5:96. [PMID: 35079095 PMCID: PMC8789803 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic cardiac adrenergic (ICA) cells regulate both developing and adult cardiac physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of ICA cells in septic cardiomyopathy is unknown. Here we show that norepinephrine (NE) secretion from ICA cells is increased through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) to aggravate myocardial TNF-α production and dysfunction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In ICA cells, LPS activated TLR4-MyD88/TRIF-AP-1 signaling that promoted NE biosynthesis through expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, but did not trigger TNF-α production due to impairment of p65 translocation. In a co-culture consisting of LPS-treated ICA cells and cardiomyocytes, the upregulation and secretion of NE from ICA cells activated cardiomyocyte β1-adrenergic receptor driving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) to crosstalk with NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Importantly, blockade of ICA cell-derived NE prevented LPS-induced myocardial dysfunction. Our findings suggest that ICA cells may be a potential therapeutic target for septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomeng Dai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangxu Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiuxiu Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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25
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Tyler PM, Bucklin ML, Zhao M, Maher TJ, Rice AJ, Ji W, Warner N, Pan J, Morotti R, McCarthy P, Griffiths A, van Rossum AMC, Hollink IHIM, Dalm VASH, Catanzaro J, Lakhani SA, Muise AM, Lucas CL. Human autoinflammatory disease reveals ELF4 as a transcriptional regulator of inflammation. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1118-1126. [PMID: 34326534 PMCID: PMC8985851 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors specialized to limit the destructive potential of inflammatory immune cells remain ill-defined. We discovered loss-of-function variants in the X-linked ETS transcription factor gene ELF4 in multiple unrelated male patients with early onset mucosal autoinflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characteristics, including fevers and ulcers that responded to interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor or IL-12p40 blockade. Using cells from patients and newly generated mouse models, we uncovered ELF4-mutant macrophages having hyperinflammatory responses to a range of innate stimuli. In mouse macrophages, Elf4 both sustained the expression of anti-inflammatory genes, such as Il1rn, and limited the upregulation of inflammation amplifiers, including S100A8, Lcn2, Trem1 and neutrophil chemoattractants. Blockade of Trem1 reversed inflammation and intestine pathology after in vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge in mice carrying patient-derived variants in Elf4. Thus, ELF4 restrains inflammation and protects against mucosal disease, a discovery with broad translational relevance for human inflammatory disorders such as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Tyler
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Molly L Bucklin
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mengting Zhao
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy J Maher
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew J Rice
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neil Warner
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Pan
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raffaella Morotti
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul McCarthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Griffiths
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris H I M Hollink
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jason Catanzaro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carrie L Lucas
- Immunobiology Department, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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26
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Wei G, Wang L, Wan X, Tan Y. [ELF4 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of human insulinoma cells by activating Akt signaling]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1329-1333. [PMID: 34658346 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of overexpression of the oncogenic transcription factor ELF4 on proliferation and apoptosis in human insulinoma cells and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS A human insulinoma BON cell line with stable overexpression of ELF4 (BON-ELF4 cells) was constructed using a recombinant retrovirus vector and the expression of ELF4 protein was verified using Western blotting. MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of BON-ELF4 cells and BON-Vector cells, and the cell apoptosis induced by treatment with epirubicin (0.1 μmol/L for 24 h) was analyzed by detecting the expressions of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP using Western blotting. Flow cytometry with Annexin VFITC/PI staining was performed to analyze the numbers of apoptotic BON-Vector or BON-ELF4 cells. The expressions of phosphorylated Akt and total Akt in the cells were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS BON-ELF4 cell line with stable overexpression of ELF4 was successfully established. ELF4 overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation (P < 0.05) and obviously suppressed epirubicin- induced apoptosis in BON cells, resulting also in significantly reduced expressions of cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9 and PARP (P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed a significantly lower apoptotic rate in BON-ELF4 cells than in BON-Vector cells following epirubicin treatment (6.03% vs 22.90%). The phosphorylation levels of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) while the level of total Akt remained unchanged (P>0.05) in ELF4- overexpressing cells. CONCLUSION ELF4 overexpression enhances the proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of insulinomas cells by activating Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Healthcare, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - X Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Y Tan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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27
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Jiang Z, Wei F, Zhang Y, Wang T, Gao W, Yu S, Sun H, Pu J, Sun Y, Wang M, Tong Q, Gao C, Chang KC, Liu J. IFI16 directly senses viral RNA and enhances RIG-I transcription and activation to restrict influenza virus infection. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:932-945. [PMID: 33986530 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) receptor senses cytoplasmic viral RNA and activates type I interferons (IFN-I) and downstream antiviral immune responses. How RIG-I binds to viral RNA and how its activation is regulated remains unclear. Here, using IFI16 knockout cells and p204-deficient mice, we demonstrate that the DNA sensor IFI16 enhances IFN-I production to inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) replication. IFI16 positively upregulates RIG-I transcription through direct binding to and recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the RIG-I promoter. IFI16 also binds to influenza viral RNA via its HINa domain and to RIG-I protein with its PYRIN domain, thus promoting IAV-induced K63-linked polyubiquitination and RIG-I activation. Our work demonstrates that IFI16 is a positive regulator of RIG-I signalling during influenza virus infection, highlighting its role in the RIG-I-like-receptor-mediated innate immune response to IAV and other RNA viruses, and suggesting its possible exploitation to modulate the antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanhua Wei
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
| | - Yuying Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufang Yu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Chen Y, Lei X, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald KA. Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is essential for type I interferon-mediated immunity to RNA virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100383118. [PMID: 34168080 PMCID: PMC8255963 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100383118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are innate immune cytokines required to establish cellular host defense. Precise control of IFN gene expression is crucial to maintaining immune homeostasis. Here, we demonstrated that cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) was required for the production of type I IFNs in response to RNA virus infection. CNBP deficiency markedly impaired IFN production in macrophages and dendritic cells that were infected with a panel of RNA viruses or stimulated with synthetic double-stranded RNA. Furthermore, CNBP-deficient mice were more susceptible to influenza virus infection than were wild-type mice. Mechanistically, CNBP was phosphorylated and translocated to the nucleus, where it directly binds to the promoter of IFNb in response to RNA virus infection. Furthermore, CNBP controlled the recruitment of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and IRF7 to IFN promoters for the maximal induction of IFNb gene expression. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized role for CNBP as a transcriptional regulator of type I IFN genes engaged downstream of RNA virus-mediated innate immune signaling, which provides an additional layer of control for IRF3- and IRF7-dependent type I IFN gene expression and the antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Chen
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Xuqiu Lei
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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29
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Chen Y, Ding X, Wang S, Ding P, Xu Z, Li J, Wang M, Xiang R, Wang X, Wang H, Feng Q, Qiu J, Wang F, Huang Z, Zhang X, Tang G, Tang S. A single-cell atlas of mouse olfactory bulb chromatin accessibility. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:147-162. [PMID: 33926839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is a fundamental trait crucial to many species. The olfactory bulb (OB) plays pivotal roles in processing and transmitting odor information from the environment to the brain. The cellular heterogeneity of the mouse OB has been studied using single-cell RNA sequencing. However, the epigenetic landscape of the mOB remains mostly unexplored. Herein, we apply single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to profile the genome-wide chromatin accessibility of 9,549 single cells from the mOB. Based on single-cell epigenetic signatures, mOB cells are classified into 21 clusters corresponding to 11 cell types. We identify distinct sets of putative regulatory elements specific to each cell cluster from which putative target genes and enriched potential functions are inferred. In addition, the transcription factor motifs enriched in each cell cluster are determined to indicate the developmental fate of each cell lineage. Our study provides a valuable epigenetic data set for the mOB at single-cell resolution, and the results can enhance our understanding of regulatory circuits and the therapeutic capacity of the OB at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Peiwen Ding
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zaoxu Xu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiankang Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qikai Feng
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiaying Qiu
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Feiyue Wang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Southern Center for Biomedical Research and Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Xingliang Zhang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
| | - Gen Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Shengping Tang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518083, China; Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563099, China; China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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30
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Winkley K, Koseva B, Banerjee D, Cheung W, Selvarangan R, Pastinen T, Grundberg E. High-resolution epigenome analysis in nasal samples derived from children with respiratory viral infections reveals striking changes upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021:2021.03.09.21253155. [PMID: 33758880 PMCID: PMC7987039 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.09.21253155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background DNA methylation patterns of the human genome can be modified by environmental stimuli and provide dense information on gene regulatory circuitries. We studied genome-wide DNA methylation in nasal samples from infants (<6 months) applying whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to characterize epigenome response to 10 different respiratory viral infections including SARS-CoV-2. Results We identified virus-specific differentially methylated regions (vDMR) with human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and SARS-CoV-2 followed by Influenza B (Flu B) causing the weakest vs. strongest epigenome response with 496 vs. 78541 and 14361 vDMR, respectively. We found a strong replication rate of FluB (52%) and SARS-CoV-2 (42%) vDMR in independent samples indicating robust epigenome perturbation upon infection. Among the FluB and SARS-CoV-2 vDMRs, around 70% were hypomethylated and significantly enriched among epithelial cell-specific regulatory elements whereas the hypermethylated vDMRs for these viruses mapped more frequently to immune cell regulatory elements, especially those of the myeloid lineage. The hypermethylated vDMRs were also enriched among genes and genetic loci in monocyte activation pathways and monocyte count. Finally, we perform single-cell RNA-sequencing characterization of nasal mucosa in response to these two viruses to functionally analyze the epigenome perturbations. Which supports the trends we identified in methylation data and highlights and important role for monocytes. Conclusions All together, we find evidence indicating genetic predisposition to innate immune response upon a respiratory viral infection. Our genome-wide monitoring of infant viral response provides first catalogue of associated host regulatory elements. Assessing epigenetic variation in individual patients may reveal evidence for viral triggers of childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konner Winkley
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Boryana Koseva
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Dithi Banerjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Warren Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Rangaraj Selvarangan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, US
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31
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Kang Y, Wu T, He Y, He Y, Zhao D. Elf4 regulates lysosomal biogenesis and the mTOR pathway to promote clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in macrophages. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:881-891. [PMID: 33423322 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infectious disease. Macrophages can directly destroy most of the invading bacteria through the phagolysosomal pathway. E74-like factor 4 (Elf4) is one of the important transcription factors that controls diverse pathogens, but the role of Elf4 in macrophage-mediated S. aureus eradication is unknown. Our data show that Elf4 is induced by S. aureus in macrophages. Elevated expression of Elf4 results in decreased bacterial load and inflammatory responses during S. aureus infection in vivo and in vitro. Elf4-overexpressed macrophages have decreased mTOR activity and increased lysosomal mass. Collectively, these results suggest that S. aureus induces Elf4 expression, which enhances lysosomal function and increases the capacity of macrophages to eliminate intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Kang
- Hangzhou Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Tingyue Wu
- Hangzhou Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Yan He
- Hangzhou Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Yunfan He
- Hangzhou Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Dongjiu Zhao
- Hangzhou Key Lab of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
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32
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Yang D, Geng T, Harrison AG, Wang P. Differential roles of RIG-I-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.02.10.430677. [PMID: 33594370 PMCID: PMC7885922 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.10.430677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) are the major viral RNA sensors that are essential for activation of antiviral immune responses. However, their roles in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-causing coronavirus (CoV) infection are largely unknown. Herein we investigate their functions in human epithelial cells, the primary and initial target of SARS-CoV-2, and the first line of host defense. A deficiency in MDA5 ( MDA5 -/- ), RIG-I or mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) greatly enhanced viral replication. Expression of the type I/III interferons (IFN) was upregulated following infection in wild-type cells, while this upregulation was severely abolished in MDA5 -/- and MAVS -/- , but not in RIG-I -/- cells. Of note, ACE2 expression was ~2.5 fold higher in RIG-I -/- than WT cells. These data demonstrate a dominant role of MDA5 in activating the type I/III IFN response to SARS-CoV-2, and an IFN-independent anti-SARS-CoV-2 role of RIG-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G. Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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33
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Du H, Xia H, Liu T, Li Y, Liu J, Xie B, Chen J, Liu T, Cao L, Liu S, Li S, Wang P, Wang D, Zhang Z, Li Y, Guo X, Wu A, Li M, You F. Suppression of ELF4 in ulcerative colitis predisposes host to colorectal cancer. iScience 2021; 24:102169. [PMID: 33665583 PMCID: PMC7907480 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by relapsing and remitting colon mucosal inflammation. For patients suffering from UC, a higher risk of colon cancer has been widely recognized. Here, we found that Elf4−/− mice developed colon tumors with 3 cycles of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) treatment alone. We further showed that ELF4 suppression was prevalent in both patients with UC and DSS-induced mice models, and this suppression was caused by promoter region methylation. ELF4, upon PARylation by PARP1, transcriptionally regulated multiple DNA damage repair machinery components. Consistently, ELF4 deficiency leads to more severe DNA damage both in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of montmorillonite powder can prevent the reduction of ELF4 in DSS-induced colitis models and lower the risk of colon tumor development during azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS induced colitis-associated cancer (CAC). These data provided additional mechanism of CAC initiation and supported the “epigenetic priming model of tumor initiation”. Elf4 expression is suppressed in both colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Elf4 deficiency leads to increased hyper-susceptibility to colitis and CAC in mice Elf4 promotes DNA damage repair upon PARylation by PARP1 Oral administration of montmorillonite lowers risk of CAC development
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Du
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Huawei Xia
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- Department of surgical oncology, ChuiYangLiu Hospital affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100000, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Shengde Liu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Siji Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Peiyan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Mo Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100000, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100000, China
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Fryer AL, Abdullah A, Taylor JM, Crack PJ. The Complexity of the cGAS-STING Pathway in CNS Pathologies. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621501. [PMID: 33633536 PMCID: PMC7900568 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation driven by type-I interferons in the CNS is well established to exacerbate the progression of many CNS pathologies both acute and chronic. The role of adaptor protein Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) is increasingly appreciated to instigate type-I IFN-mediated neuroinflammation. As an upstream regulator of type-I IFNs, STING modulation presents a novel therapeutic opportunity to mediate inflammation in the CNS. This review will detail the current knowledge of protective and detrimental STING activity in acute and chronic CNS pathologies and the current therapeutic avenues being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Fryer
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amar Abdullah
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Juliet M Taylor
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Crack
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Zao X, Cheng J, Shen C, Guan G, Feng X, Zou J, Zhang J, Liu T, Zheng H, Zhang T, Wang J, Liu J, Li D, Lu F, You F, Chen X. NFATc3 inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis and HBV replication via positively regulating RIG-I-mediated interferon transcription. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1869388. [PMID: 33520407 PMCID: PMC7808430 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1869388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATc3) has been reported to upregulate type I interferons (IFNs) expression, and the abnormal expression and activation of NFATc3 were closely related to tumorigenesis. However, the potential function of NFATc3 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that NFATc3 gene was frequently deleted and downregulated in HCC tumor tissues, and that the downregulation of NFATc3 was associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that NFATc3 inhibited HCC cell proliferation and invasion, as well as HBV replication. Mechanistically, NFATc3 could bind to the promoters of IFNL1 and IFNB1 genes and prompt the production of IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes. Furthermore, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathway activation increased NFATc3 expression and nuclear localization, and activated NFATc3 further enhanced RIG-I-mediated IFN responses. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel regulatory signaling cascade, the RIG-I/NFATc3/IFNs axis, which inhibits hepatocarcinogenesis and HBV replication by enhancing the immune response in hepatocytes, and this functional axis might potentially be exploited for therapeutic benefits in the clinical treatment of HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Zao
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Beijing, China
| | - Congle Shen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guiwen Guan
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Sze KM, Ho DW, Chiu Y, Tsui Y, Chan L, Lee JM, Chok KS, Chan AC, Tang C, Tang VW, Lo IL, Yau DT, Cheung T, Ng IO. Hepatitis B Virus-Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter Integration Harnesses Host ELF4, Resulting in Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Transcription in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:23-40. [PMID: 32170761 PMCID: PMC7898544 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integrations are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In particular, alterations of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene by HBV integrations are frequent; however, the molecular mechanism and functional consequence underlying TERT HBV integration are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We adopted a targeted sequencing strategy to survey HBV integrations in human HBV-associated HCCs (n = 95). HBV integration at the TERT promoter was frequent (35.8%, n = 34/95) in HCC tumors and was associated with increased TERT mRNA expression and more aggressive tumor behavior. To investigate the functional importance of various integrated HBV components, we employed different luciferase reporter constructs and found that HBV enhancer I (EnhI) was the key viral component leading to TERT activation on integration at the TERT promoter. In addition, the orientation of the HBV integration at the TERT promoter further modulated the degree of TERT transcription activation in HCC cell lines and patients' HCCs. Furthermore, we performed array-based small interfering RNA library functional screening to interrogate the potential major transcription factors that physically interacted with HBV and investigated the cis-activation of host TERT gene transcription on viral integration. We identified a molecular mechanism of TERT activation through the E74 like ETS transcription factor 4 (ELF4), which normally could drive HBV gene transcription. ELF4 bound to the chimeric HBV EnhI at the TERT promoter, resulting in telomerase activation. Stable knockdown of ELF4 significantly reduced the TERT expression and sphere-forming ability in HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a cis-activating mechanism harnessing host ELF4 and HBV integrated at the TERT promoter and uncover how TERT HBV-integrated HCCs may achieve TERT activation in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Man‐Fong Sze
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Daniel Wai‐Hung Ho
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yung‐Tuen Chiu
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yu‐Man Tsui
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Lo‐Kong Chan
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Joyce Man‐Fong Lee
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Kenneth Siu‐Ho Chok
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Albert Chi‐Yan Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | | | - Tan‐To Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,Department of SurgeryThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Irene Oi‐Lin Ng
- Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina,State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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37
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Guo Q, Zhao Y, Li J, Liu J, Yang X, Guo X, Kuang M, Xia H, Zhang Z, Cao L, Luo Y, Bao L, Wang X, Wei X, Deng W, Wang N, Chen L, Chen J, Zhu H, Gao R, Qin C, Wang X, You F. Induction of alarmin S100A8/A9 mediates activation of aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 29:222-235.e4. [PMID: 33388094 PMCID: PMC7762710 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses an unprecedented public health crisis. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes dysregulation of the immune system. However, the unique signature of early immune responses remains elusive. We characterized the transcriptome of rhesus macaques and mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. Alarmin S100A8 was robustly induced in SARS-CoV-2-infected animal models as well as in COVID-19 patients. Paquinimod, a specific inhibitor of S100A8/A9, could rescue the pneumonia with substantial reduction of viral loads in SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Remarkably, Paquinimod treatment resulted in almost 100% survival in a lethal model of mouse coronavirus infection using the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). A group of neutrophils that contributes to the uncontrolled pathological damage and onset of COVID-19 was dramatically induced by coronavirus infection. Paquinimod treatment could reduce these neutrophils and regain anti-viral responses, unveiling key roles of S100A8/A9 and aberrant neutrophils in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, highlighting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Guo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Xia
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Wei
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxuan Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangxi Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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38
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Geng T, Lin T, Yang D, Harrison AG, Vella AT, Fikrig E, Wang P. A Critical Role for STING Signaling in Limiting Pathogenesis of Chikungunya Virus. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:2186-2196. [PMID: 33161431 PMCID: PMC8205639 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway controls both DNA and RNA virus infection. STING is essential for induction of innate immune responses during DNA virus infection, while its mechanism against RNA virus remains largely elusive. We show that STING signaling is crucial for restricting chikungunya virus infection and arthritis pathogenesis. Sting-deficient mice (Stinggt/gt) had elevated viremia throughout the viremic stage and viral burden in feet transiently, with a normal type I IFN response. Stinggt/gt mice presented much greater foot swelling, joint damage, and immune cell infiltration than wild-type mice. Intriguingly, expression of interferon-γ and Cxcl10 was continuously upregulated by approximately 7 to 10-fold and further elevated in Stinggt/gt mice synchronously with arthritis progression. However, expression of chemoattractants for and activators of neutrophils, Cxcl5, Cxcl7, and Cxcr2 was suppressed in Stinggt/gt joints. These results demonstrate that STING deficiency leads to an aberrant chemokine response that promotes pathogenesis of CHIKV arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Correspondence: Penghua Wang, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut 29 Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 ()
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39
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Zhu T, Fernandez-Sesma A. Innate Immune DNA Sensing of Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090979. [PMID: 32899347 PMCID: PMC7552040 DOI: 10.3390/v12090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne RNA viruses that have been used extensively to study host antiviral responses. Often selected just to represent standard single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses in early studies, the Flavivirus genus over time has taught us how truly unique it is in its remarkable ability to target not just the RNA sensory pathways but also the cytosolic DNA sensing system for its successful replication inside the host cell. This review summarizes the main developments on the unexpected antagonistic strategies utilized by different flaviviruses, with RNA genomes, against the host cyclic GAMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cytosolic DNA sensing pathway in mammalian systems. On the basis of the recent advancements on this topic, we hypothesize that the mechanisms of viral sensing and innate immunity are much more fluid than what we had anticipated, and both viral and host factors will continue to be found as important factors contributing to the host innate immune system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-5182
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40
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Schwanke H, Stempel M, Brinkmann MM. Of Keeping and Tipping the Balance: Host Regulation and Viral Modulation of IRF3-Dependent IFNB1 Expression. Viruses 2020; 12:E733. [PMID: 32645843 PMCID: PMC7411613 DOI: 10.3390/v12070733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN) response is a principal component of our immune system that allows to counter a viral attack immediately upon viral entry into host cells. Upon engagement of aberrantly localised nucleic acids, germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors convey their find via a signalling cascade to prompt kinase-mediated activation of a specific set of five transcription factors. Within the nucleus, the coordinated interaction of these dimeric transcription factors with coactivators and the basal RNA transcription machinery is required to access the gene encoding the type I IFN IFNβ (IFNB1). Virus-induced release of IFNβ then induces the antiviral state of the system and mediates further mechanisms for defence. Due to its key role during the induction of the initial IFN response, the activity of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is tightly regulated by the host and fiercely targeted by viral proteins at all conceivable levels. In this review, we will revisit the steps enabling the trans-activating potential of IRF3 after its activation and the subsequent assembly of the multi-protein complex at the IFNβ enhancer that controls gene expression. Further, we will inspect the regulatory mechanisms of these steps imposed by the host cell and present the manifold strategies viruses have evolved to intervene with IFNβ transcription downstream of IRF3 activation in order to secure establishment of a productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Schwanke
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Stempel
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Melanie M. Brinkmann
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.S.); (M.S.)
- Viral Immune Modulation Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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41
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Motani K, Kosako H. BioID screening of biotinylation sites using the avidin-like protein Tamavidin 2-REV identifies global interactors of stimulator of interferon genes (STING). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11174-11183. [PMID: 32554809 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) mediates cytosolic DNA-induced innate immune signaling via membrane trafficking. The global identification of proteins that spatiotemporally interact with STING will provide a better understanding of its trafficking mechanisms and of STING signaling pathways. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) is a powerful technology to identify physiologically relevant protein-protein interactions in living cells. However, biotinylated peptides are rarely detected in the conventional BioID method, which uses streptavidin beads to pull down biotinylated proteins, because the biotin-streptavidin interaction is too strong. As a result, only nonbiotinylated peptides are identified, which cannot be distinguished from peptides of nonspecifically pull-downed proteins. Here, we developed a simple method to efficiently and specifically enrich biotinylated peptides using Tamavidin 2-REV, an engineered avidin-like protein with reversible biotin-binding capability. Using RAW264.7 macrophages stably expressing TurboID-fused STING, we identified and quantified >4,000 biotinylated peptides of STING-proximal proteins. Various endoplasmic reticulum-associated proteins were biotinylated in unstimulated cells, and STING activation caused biotinylation of many proteins located in the Golgi and endosomes. These proteins included those known to interact with activated STING, such as TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), several palmitoyl transferases, and p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1). Furthermore, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), an endolysosome-localized antiviral protein, bound to STING at the late activation stage. These dynamic interaction profiles will provide detailed insights into STING signaling; we propose that our approach using Tamavidin 2-REV would be useful for BioID-based and other biotinylation-based peptide identification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Motani
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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42
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A dual role of Irf1 in maintaining epithelial identity but also enabling EMT and metastasis formation of breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:4728-4740. [PMID: 32404986 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an embryonic dedifferentiation program which is aberrantly activated in cancer cells to acquire cellular plasticity. This plasticity increases the ability of breast cancer cells to invade into surrounding tissue, to seed metastasis at distant sites and to resist to chemotherapy. In this study, we have observed a higher expression of interferon-related factors in basal-like and claudin-low subtypes of breast cancer in patients, known to be associated with EMT. Notably, Irf1 exerts essential functions during the EMT process, yet it is also required for the maintenance of an epithelial differentiation status of mammary gland epithelial cells: RNAi-mediated ablation of Irf1 in mammary epithelial cells results in the expression of mesenchymal factors and Smad transcriptional activity. Conversely, ablation of Irf1 during TGFβ-induced EMT prevents a mesenchymal transition and stabilizes the expression of E-cadherin. In the basal-like murine breast cancer cell line 4T1, RNAi-mediated ablation of Irf1 reduces colony formation and cell migration in vitro and shedding of circulating tumor cells and metastasis formation in vivo. This context-dependent dual role of Irf1 in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity provides important new insights into the functional contribution and therapeutic potential of interferon-regulated factors in breast cancer.
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43
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Wu W, Choi EJ, Lee I, Lee YS, Bao X. Non-Coding RNAs and Their Role in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030345. [PMID: 32245206 PMCID: PMC7150941 DOI: 10.3390/v12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent high-throughput sequencing revealed that only 2% of the transcribed human genome codes for proteins, while the majority of transcriptional products are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ncRNAs, both host- and virus-derived, and their role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections. RSV is known as the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, while hMPV is also a significant contributor to LRTI in the pediatrics population. Although RSV and hMPV are close members, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, they induce distinct changes in the ncRNA profile. Several types of host ncRNAs, including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are involved as playing roles in RSV and/or hMPV infection. Given the importance of ncRNAs in regulating the expression and functions of genes and proteins, comprehensively understanding the roles of ncRNAs in RSV/hMPV infection could shed light upon the disease mechanisms of RSV and hMPV, potentially providing insights into the development of prevention strategies and antiviral therapy. The presence of viral-derived RNAs and the potential of using ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | | | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer System Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea;
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +409-772-1777
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44
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Zhang Z, Wang D, Wang P, Zhao Y, You F. OTUD1 Negatively Regulates Type I IFN Induction by Disrupting Noncanonical Ubiquitination of IRF3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1904-1918. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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45
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Sajti E, Link VM, Ouyang Z, Spann NJ, Westin E, Romanoski CE, Fonseca GJ, Prince LS, Glass CK. Transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying myeloid diversity in the lung. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:221-231. [PMID: 31959980 PMCID: PMC7667722 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lung is inhabited by resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages as well as monocytic cells that survey lung tissues. Each cell type plays distinct functional roles under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, but mechanisms establishing their molecular identities and functional potential remain poorly understood. In the present study, systematic evaluation of transcriptomes and open chromatin of alveolar macrophages (AMs), interstitial macrophages (IMs) and lung monocytes from two mouse strains enabled inference of common and cell-specific transcriptional regulators. We provide evidence that these factors drive selection of regulatory landscapes that specify distinct phenotypes of AMs and IMs and entrain qualitatively different responses to toll-like receptor 4 signaling in vivo. These studies reveal a striking divergence in a fundamental innate immune response pathway in AMs and establish a framework for further understanding macrophage diversity in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emma Westin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Bioscience Research Laboratories, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Fonseca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Quantitative Life Sciences, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lawrence S Prince
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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46
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The Nuclear Matrix Protein SAFA Surveils Viral RNA and Facilitates Immunity by Activating Antiviral Enhancers and Super-enhancers. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 26:369-384.e8. [PMID: 31513772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) trigger innate immune responses to invading pathogens. All known PRRs for viral RNA have extranuclear localization. However, for many viruses, replication generates dsRNA in the nucleus. Here, we show that the nuclear matrix protein SAFA (also known as HnRNPU) functions as a nuclear viral dsRNA sensor for both DNA and RNA viruses. Upon recognition of viral dsRNA, SAFA oligomerizes and activates the enhancers of antiviral genes, including IFNB1. Moreover, SAFA is required for the activation of super-enhancers, which direct vigorous immune gene transcription to establish the antiviral state. Myeloid-specific SAFA-deficient mice were more susceptible to lethal HSV-1 and VSV infection, with decreased type I IFNs. Thus, SAFA functions as a nuclear viral RNA sensor and trans-activator to bridge innate sensing with chromatin remodeling and potentiate robust antiviral responses.
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47
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Abstract
DNA has been known to be a potent immune stimulus for more than half a century. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of DNA-triggered immune response have remained elusive until recent years. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a major cytoplasmic DNA sensor in various types of cells that detect either invaded foreign DNA or aberrantly located self-DNA. Upon sensing of DNA, cGAS catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which in turn activates the ER-localized adaptor protein MITA (also named STING) to elicit the innate immune response. The cGAS-MITA axis not only plays a central role in host defense against pathogen-derived DNA but also acts as a cellular stress response pathway by sensing aberrantly located self-DNA, which is linked to the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this review, we summarize the spatial and temporal mechanisms of host defense to cytoplasmic DNA mediated by the cGAS-MITA axis and discuss the association of malfunctions of this axis with autoimmune and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; ,
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; ,
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48
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Abstract
The antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses are critical for host defense against viral infection. How these antiviral responses are initiated and regulated has been intensively investigated. Viral nucleic acids are sensed by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which trigger various signaling pathways by utilizing distinct adaptor proteins, kinases and regulatory proteins. These pathways lead to activation of the transcriptional factors NF-κB and IRF3 and ultimate induction of antiviral effector proteins including type I interferons (IFNs), TNF and IL-1β, which are critical mediators of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. For the past 20 years, our groups at Peking University and Wuhan University have made restless efforts in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize the major discoveries from our groups, including the identifications of the critical adaptors VISA/MAVS and MITA/STING, regulatory mechanisms of these adapter-mediated signaling, and regulation of TNF- and IL1β-triggered inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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49
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Seifert LL, Si C, Saha D, Sadic M, de Vries M, Ballentine S, Briley A, Wang G, Valero-Jimenez AM, Mohamed A, Schaefer U, Moulton HM, García-Sastre A, Tripathi S, Rosenberg BR, Dittmann M. The ETS transcription factor ELF1 regulates a broadly antiviral program distinct from the type I interferon response. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007634. [PMID: 31682641 PMCID: PMC6932815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of vast transcriptional programs is a central event of innate host responses to viral infections. Here we report a transcriptional program with potent antiviral activity, driven by E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1). Using microscopy to quantify viral infection over time, we found that ELF1 inhibits eight diverse RNA and DNA viruses after multi-cycle replication. Elf1 deficiency results in enhanced susceptibility to influenza A virus infections in mice. ELF1 does not feed-forward to induce interferons, and ELF1’s antiviral effect is not abolished by the absence of STAT1 or by inhibition of JAK phosphorylation. Accordingly, comparative expression analyses by RNA-seq revealed that the ELF1 transcriptional program is distinct from interferon signatures. Thus, ELF1 provides an additional layer of the innate host response, independent from the action of type I interferons. After decades of research on the innate immune system, we still struggle to understand exactly how this first line of defense protects cells against viral infections. Our gap in knowledge stems, on one hand, from the sheer number of effector genes, few of which have been characterized in mechanistic detail. On the other hand, our understanding of innate gene transcription is constantly evolving. We know that different regulatory mechanisms greatly influence the quality, magnitude, and timing of gene expression, all of which may contribute to the antiviral power of the innate response. Deciphering these regulatory mechanisms is indispensable for harnessing the power of innate immunity in novel antiviral therapies. Here, we report a novel transcriptional program as part of the cell-intrinsic immune system, raised by E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1). ELF1 potently restricts multi-cycle propagation of all viruses tested in our study. Reduced levels of ELF1 significantly diminish host defenses against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a critical but previously overlooked role of this ETS transcription factor. The ELF1 program is complex and comprises over 300 potentially antiviral genes, which are almost entirely distinct from those known to be induced by interferon. Taken together, our data provide evidence for a program of antiviral protection that expands the previously known arsenal of the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Louis Seifert
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Clara Si
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Debjani Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Sadic
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maren de Vries
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ballentine
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aaron Briley
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ana M. Valero-Jimenez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adil Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uwe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hong M. Moulton
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Microbiology and Cell Biology Department, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Brad R. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Meike Dittmann
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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McGuckin Wuertz K, Treuting PM, Hemann EA, Esser-Nobis K, Snyder AG, Graham JB, Daniels BP, Wilkins C, Snyder JM, Voss KM, Oberst A, Lund J, Gale M. STING is required for host defense against neuropathological West Nile virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007899. [PMID: 31415679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV), an emerging and re-emerging RNA virus, is the leading source of arboviral encephalitic morbidity and mortality in the United States. WNV infections are acutely controlled by innate immunity in peripheral tissues outside of the central nervous system (CNS) but WNV can evade the actions of interferon (IFN) to facilitate CNS invasion, causing encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and death. Recent studies indicate that STimulator of INterferon Gene (STING), canonically known for initiating a type I IFN production and innate immune response to cytosolic DNA, is required for host defense against neurotropic RNA viruses. We evaluated the role of STING in host defense to control WNV infection and pathology in a murine model of infection. When challenged with WNV, STING knock out (-/-) mice displayed increased morbidity and mortality compared to wild type (WT) mice. Virologic analysis and assessment of STING activation revealed that STING signaling was not required for control of WNV in the spleen nor was WNV sufficient to mediate canonical STING activation in vitro. However, STING-/- mice exhibited a clear trend of increased viral load and virus dissemination in the CNS. We found that STING-/- mice exhibited increased and prolonged neurological signs compared to WT mice. Pathological examination revealed increased lesions, mononuclear cellular infiltration and neuronal death in the CNS of STING-/- mice, with sustained pathology after viral clearance. We found that STING was required in bone marrow derived macrophages for early control of WNV replication and innate immune activation. In vivo, STING-/- mice developed an aberrant T cell response in both the spleen and brain during WNV infection that linked with increased and sustained CNS pathology compared to WT mice. Our findings demonstrate that STING plays a critical role in immune programming for the control of neurotropic WNV infection and CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McGuckin Wuertz
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Defense; United States Army Medical Department, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Katharina Esser-Nobis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Annelise G Snyder
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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