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Wongchitrat P, Chanmee T, Govitrapong P. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Neurodegeneration of Neurotropic Viral Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2881-2903. [PMID: 37946006 PMCID: PMC11043213 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) cause variable outcomes from acute to severe neurological sequelae with increased morbidity and mortality. Viral neuroinvasion directly or indirectly induces encephalitis via dysregulation of the immune response and contributes to the alteration of neuronal function and the degeneration of neuronal cells. This review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of virus-induced neurodegeneration. Neurotropic viral infections influence many aspects of neuronal dysfunction, including promoting chronic inflammation, inducing cellular oxidative stress, impairing mitophagy, encountering mitochondrial dynamics, enhancing metabolic rewiring, altering neurotransmitter systems, and inducing misfolded and aggregated pathological proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. These pathogenetic mechanisms create a multidimensional injury of the brain that leads to specific neuronal and brain dysfunction. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurophathogenesis associated with neurodegeneration of viral infection may emphasize the strategies for prevention, protection, and treatment of virus infection of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research Innovation and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Theerawut Chanmee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Karati D, Mukherjee S, Roy S. A Promising Drug Candidate as Potent Therapeutic Approach for Neuroinflammation and Its In Silico Justification of Chalcone Congeners: a Comprehensive Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1873-1891. [PMID: 37801205 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple genetic, environmental, and immunological variables cause neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs). The induced inflammatory immune response is also connected to the severity and treatment outcomes of various NPDs. These reactions also significantly impact numerous brain functions such as GABAergic signaling and neurotransmitter synthesis through inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) and their heterocyclic counterparts are flavonoids with various biological characteristics including anti-inflammatory activity. Several pure chalcones have been clinically authorized or studied in humans. Chalcones are favored for their diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in neuroinflammation due to their tiny molecular size, easy manufacturing, and flexibility for changes to adjust lipophilicity ideal for BBB penetrability. These compounds reached an acceptable plasma concentration and were well-tolerated in clinical testing. As a result, they are attracting increasing attention from scientists. However, chalcones' therapeutic potential remains largely untapped. This paper is aimed at highlighting the causes of neuroinflammation, more potent chalcone congeners, their mechanisms of action, and relevant structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Karati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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Feng M, Fei S, Zou J, Xia J, Lai W, Huang Y, Swevers L, Sun J. Single-Nucleus Sequencing of Silkworm Larval Brain Reveals the Key Role of Lysozyme in the Antiviral Immune Response in Brain Hemocytes. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:173-187. [PMID: 38387449 PMCID: PMC10965234 DOI: 10.1159/000537815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The brain is considered as an immune-privileged organ, yet innate immune reactions can occur in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is an economically important insect and a lepidopteran model species. The diversity of cell types in the silkworm brain, and how these cell subsets produce an immune response to virus infection, remains largely unknown. METHODS Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), bioinformatics analysis, RNAi, and other methods were mainly used to analyze the cell types and gene functions of the silkworm brain. RESULTS We used snRNA-seq to identify 19 distinct clusters representing Kenyon cell, glial cell, olfactory projection neuron, optic lobes neuron, hemocyte-like cell, and muscle cell types in the B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV)-infected and BmNPV-uninfected silkworm larvae brain at the late stage of infection. Further, we found that the cell subset that exerts an antiviral function in the silkworm larvae brain corresponds to hemocytes. Specifically, antimicrobial peptides were significantly induced by BmNPV infection in the hemocytes, especially lysozyme, exerting antiviral effects. CONCLUSION Our single-cell dataset reveals the diversity of silkworm larvae brain cells, and the transcriptome analysis provides insights into the immune response following virus infection at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shigang Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxuan Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, Athens, Greece
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xu X, Han Y, Zhang B, Ren Q, Ma J, Liu S. Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:132. [PMID: 38368403 PMCID: PMC10874090 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Binlong Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Ren
- JST Sarcopenia Research Centre, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, People's Republic of China
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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. Virus-induced brain pathology and the neuroinflammation-inflammation continuum: the neurochemists view. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-023-02723-5. [PMID: 38261034 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fascinatingly, an abundance of recent studies has subscribed to the importance of cytotoxic immune mechanisms that appear to increase the risk/trigger for many progressive neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. Events associated with the neuroinflammatory cascades, such as ageing, immunologic dysfunction, and eventually disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the "cytokine storm", appear to be orchestrated mainly through the activation of microglial cells and communication with the neurons. The inflammatory processes prompt cellular protein dyshomeostasis. Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease share a common feature marked by characteristic pathological hallmarks of abnormal neuronal protein accumulation. These Lewy bodies contain misfolded α-synuclein aggregates in PD or in the case of AD, they are Aβ deposits and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. Subsequently, these abnormal protein aggregates further elicit neurotoxic processes and events which contribute to the onset of neurodegeneration and to its progression including aggravation of neuroinflammation. However, there is a caveat for exclusively linking neuroinflammation with neurodegeneration, since it's highly unlikely that immune dysregulation is the only factor that contributes to the manifestation of many of these neurodegenerative disorders. It is unquestionably a complex interaction with other factors such as genetics, age, and environment. This endorses the "multiple hit hypothesis". Consequently, if the host has a genetic susceptibility coupled to an age-related weakened immune system, this makes them more susceptible to the virus/bacteria-related infection. This may trigger the onset of chronic cytotoxic neuroinflammatory processes leading to protein dyshomeostasis and accumulation, and finally, these events lead to neuronal destruction. Here, we differentiate "neuroinflammation" and "inflammation" with regard to the involvement of the blood-brain barrier, which seems to be intact in the case of neuroinflammation but defect in the case of inflammation. There is a neuroinflammation-inflammation continuum with regard to virus-induced brain affection. Therefore, we propose a staging of this process, which might be further developed by adding blood- and CSF parameters, their stage-dependent composition and stage-dependent severeness grade. If so, this might be suitable to optimise therapeutic strategies to fight brain neuroinflammation in its beginning and avoid inflammation at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeswinder Sian-Hulsmann
- Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Peter Riederer
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, J.B, Denmark.
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de Lima IBQ, Cardozo PL, Fahel JS, Lacerda JPS, Miranda AS, Teixeira AL, Ribeiro FM. Blockade of mGluR5 in astrocytes derived from human iPSCs modulates astrocytic function and increases phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283331. [PMID: 38146365 PMCID: PMC10749358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α is essential for induction and maintenance of inflammatory responses and its dysregulation is associated with susceptibility to various pathogens that infect the central nervous system. Activation of both microglia and astrocytes leads to TNF-α production, which in turn triggers further activation of these cells. Astrocytes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases with either harmful or protective roles, as these cells are capable of secreting several inflammatory factors and also promote synapse elimination and remodeling. These responses are possible because they sense their surroundings via several receptors, including the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Under neuroinflammatory conditions, mGluR5 activation in astrocytes can be neuroprotective or have the opposite effect. In the current study, we investigated the role of mGluR5 in hiPSC-derived astrocytes subjected to pro-inflammatory stimulation by recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α). Our results show that mGluR5 blockade by CTEP decreases the secreted levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) following short rTNF-α stimulation, although this effect subsides with time. Additionally, CTEP enhances synaptoneurosome phagocytosis by astrocytes in both non-stimulated and rTNF-α-stimulated conditions, indicating that mGluR5 blockade alone is enough to drive synaptic material engulfment. Finally, mGluR5 antagonism as well as rTNF-α stimulation augment the expression of the reactivity marker SERPINA3 and reduces the expression of synaptogenic molecules. Altogether, these data suggest a complex role for mGluR5 in human astrocytes, since its blockade may have beneficial and detrimental effects under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella B. Q. de Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo L. Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Julia S. Fahel
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P. S. Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fabiola M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Hong JY, Medzhitov R. On developmental programming of the immune system. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:877-889. [PMID: 37852863 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Early-life environmental exposures play a significant role in shaping long-lasting immune phenotypes and disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, comprehensive understanding of the developmental programming of immunity is limited. We propose that the vertebrate immune system contains durable programmable components established through early environmental interactions and maintained in a stable and homeostatic manner. Some immune components, such as immunological memory, are intrinsically programmable. Others are influenced by conditions during critical developmental windows in early life, including microbiota, hormones, metabolites, and environmental stress, which impact programming. Developmental immune programming can promote adaptation to an anticipated future environment. However, mismatches between predicted and actual environments can result in disease. This is relevant because understanding programming mechanisms can offer insights into the origin of inflammatory diseases, ideally enabling effective prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Bai Y, Yu EY, Liu Y, Jin H, Liu X, Wu X, Zhang M, Feng N, Huang P, Zhang H, Kwok RTK, Xia X, Li Y, Tang BZ, Wang H. Molecular Engineering of AIE Photosensitizers for Inactivation of Rabies Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303542. [PMID: 37431212 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic neurological disease caused by the rabies virus (RABV) that is fatal to humans and animals. While several post-infection treatment have been suggested, developing more efficient and innovative antiviral methods are necessary due to the limitations of current therapeutic approaches. To address this challenge, a strategy combining photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy, using a photosensitizer (TPA-Py-PhMe) with high type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability is proposed. This approach can inactivate the RABV by killing the virus directly and activating the immune response. At the cellular level, TPA-Py-PhMe can reduce the virus titer under preinfection prophylaxis and postinfection treatment, with its antiviral effect mainly dependent on ROS and pro-inflammatory factors. Intriguingly, when mice are injected with TPA-Py-PhMe and exposed to white light irradiation at three days post-infection, the onset of disease is delayed, and survival rates improved to some extent. Overall, this study shows that photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy open new avenues for future antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Eric Y Yu
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongsai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Na Feng
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ryan T K Kwok
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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Norris GT, Ames JM, Ziegler SF, Oberst A. Oligodendrocyte-derived IL-33 functions as a microglial survival factor during neuroinvasive flavivirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011350. [PMID: 37983247 PMCID: PMC10695366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to recover from infection, organisms must balance robust immune responses to pathogens with the tolerance of immune-mediated pathology. This balance is particularly critical within the central nervous system, whose complex architecture, essential function, and limited capacity for self-renewal render it susceptible to both pathogen- and immune-mediated pathology. Here, we identify the alarmin IL-33 and its receptor ST2 as critical for host survival to neuroinvasive flavivirus infection. We identify oligodendrocytes as the critical source of IL-33, and microglia as the key cellular responders. Notably, we find that the IL-33/ST2 axis does not impact viral control or adaptive immune responses; rather, it is required to promote the activation and survival of microglia. In the absence of intact IL-33/ST2 signaling in the brain, neuroinvasive flavivirus infection triggered aberrant recruitment of monocyte-derived peripheral immune cells, increased neuronal stress, and neuronal cell death, effects that compromised organismal survival. These findings identify IL-33 as a critical mediator of CNS tolerance to pathogen-initiated immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T. Norris
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Ames
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
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Eme-Scolan E, Arnaud-Paroutaud L, Haidar N, Roussel-Queval A, Rua R. Meningeal regulation of infections: A double-edged sword. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250267. [PMID: 37402972 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, important discoveries have been made in the field of neuroimmunology, especially regarding brain borders. Indeed, meninges are protective envelopes surrounding the CNS and are currently in the spotlight, with multiple studies showing their involvement in brain infection and cognitive disorders. In this review, we describe the meningeal layers and their protective role in the CNS against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections, by immune and nonimmune cells. Moreover, we discuss the neurological and cognitive consequences resulting from meningeal infections in neonates (e.g. infection with group B Streptococcus, cytomegalovirus, …) or adults (e.g. infection with Trypanosoma brucei, Streptococcus pneumoniae, …). We hope that this review will bring to light an integrated view of meningeal immune regulations during CNS infections and their neurological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Eme-Scolan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Laurie Arnaud-Paroutaud
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Narjess Haidar
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Annie Roussel-Queval
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
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11
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Tan HJ, Shahren AAH, Khoo CS, Ng CF, Zaidi WAW, Kori N, Periyasamy P, Eu CL, Payus AO, Hod R. Anxiety among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a case-control study from a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148019. [PMID: 37275980 PMCID: PMC10232945 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anxiety has been increasingly recognized as part of the psychosocial health issues in COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of this topic may be underestimated in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors of anxiety in COVID-19 patients compared to controls in a local tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Methods In this case-control study, we analyzed data on adult patients aged 18 years and above hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with matched hospitalized controls. The demographic, clinical data and anxiety measures using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results 86.6% in the COVID-19 group had anxiety, significantly higher than 13.4% in the control group (p = 0.001). The COVID-19 group was significantly associated with the GAD-7 severity (p = 0.001). The number of COVID-19 patients in the mild, moderate, and severe anxiety groups was 48 (84.2%), 37 (86%), and 18 (94.7%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed significant predictors for anxiety, including COVID-19 diagnosis and neurological symptoms. Anxiety was found 36.92 times higher in the patients with COVID-19 compared to those without COVID-19 (OR 36.92;95% CI 17.09, 79.78, p = 0.001). Patients with neurological symptoms were at risk of having anxiety (OR 2.94; 95% CI 1.03, 8.41, p = 0.044). Discussion COVID-19 patients experience a significant disruption in psychosocial functioning due to hospitalization. The burden of anxiety is notably high, compounded by a diagnosis of COVID-19 itself and neurological symptomatology. Early psychiatric referrals are warranted for patients at risk of developing anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jan Tan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdool Alleem Hj Shahren
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ching Soong Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Fei Ng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Najma Kori
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Petrick Periyasamy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Leng Eu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alvin Oliver Payus
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Zheng Y, Wang L, Liu Q, Xian H, Zhang C, Cai S, Yang S, Jin S, Cui J. Modulation of virus-induced neuroinflammation by the autophagy receptor SHISA9 in mice. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:958-972. [PMID: 37081201 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes are subgroups of brain glia cells that support and protect neurons within the central nervous system (CNS). At early stages of viral infection in the CNS, they are predominant responding cells and lead to recruitment of peripheral immune cells for viral clearance. Inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase subunit epsilon (IKKi) is critical for type I interferon signalling and inflammation, which modulate heterogenic immune responses during CNS infection. Balanced autophagy is vital to maintain brain integrity, yet regulation of autophagy and immune activity within brain glia cells is poorly understood. Here we identify SHISA9 as an autophagy cargo receptor that mediates the autophagy-dependent degradation of IKKi during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. IKKi is recognized by SHISA9 through unanchored K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains and bridged to autophagosome membrane components GABARAPL1. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis shows that SHISA9 has temporal characteristics while modulating both antiviral and inflammatory responses in microglia and astrocytes at different stages during viral infection. We found that Shisa9-/- mice are highly susceptible to herpes simplex virus encephalitis, have pathogenic astrocytes and display more severe neuroinflammation compared with wild-type mice. Taken together, our study unravels a critical role of selective autophagy by orchestrating immune heterogeneity of different CNS resident cells through the SHISA9-IKKi axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zheng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liqiu Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Huifang Xian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiu Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Cai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Xia Y, Sun T, Li G, Li M, Wang D, Su X, Ye J, Ji C. Spatial single cell analysis of tumor microenvironment remodeling pattern in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01908-x. [PMID: 37120690 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the overall tumor microenvironment (TME), characteristics, and transition mechanisms in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), we performed spatial transcriptomics and matched the corresponding single-cell sequencing data of PCNSL patients. We found that tumor cells may achieve a "TME remodeling pattern" through an "immune pressure-sensing model", in which they could choose to reshape the TME into a barrier environment or a cold environment according to the immune pressure. A key FKBP5+ tumor subgroup was found to be responsible for pushing tumors into the barrier environment, which provides a possible way to evaluate the stage of PCNSL. The specific mechanism of the TME remodeling pattern and the key molecules of the immune pressure-sensing model were identified through the spatial communication analysis. Finally, we discovered the spatial and temporal distributions and variation characteristics of immune checkpoint molecules and CAR-T target molecules in immunotherapy. These data clarified the TME remodeling pattern of PCNSL, provided a reference for its immunotherapy, and provided suggestions for the TME remodeling mechanism of other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Mingying Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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14
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Norris GT, Ames JM, Ziegler SF, Oberst A. Oligodendrocyte-derived IL-33 functions as a microglial survival factor during neuroinvasive flavivirus infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.11.536332. [PMID: 37090518 PMCID: PMC10120631 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.11.536332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to recover from infection, organisms must balance robust immune responses to pathogens with the tolerance of immune-mediated pathology. This balance is particularly critical within the central nervous system, whose complex architecture, essential function, and limited capacity for self-renewal render it susceptible to both pathogen- and immune-mediated pathology. Here, we identify the alarmin IL-33 and its receptor ST2 as critical for host survival to neuroinvasive flavivirus infection. We identify oligodendrocytes as the critical source of IL-33, and microglia as the key cellular responders. Notably, we find that the IL-33/ST2 axis does not impact viral control or adaptive immune responses; rather, it is required to promote the activation and survival of microglia. In the absence of intact IL-33/ST2 signaling in the brain, neuroinvasive flavivirus infection triggered aberrant recruitment of monocyte-derived peripheral immune cells, increased neuronal stress, and neuronal cell death, effects that compromised organismal survival. These findings identify IL-33 as a critical mediator of CNS tolerance to pathogen-initiated immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T. Norris
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Joshua M. Ames
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Lead Contact
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15
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Wang Q, Zhong Y, Chen N, Chen J. From the immune system to mood disorders especially induced by Toxoplasma gondii: CD4+ T cell as a bridge. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1078984. [PMID: 37077528 PMCID: PMC10106765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1078984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a ubiquitous and obligatory intracellular protozoa, not only alters peripheral immune status, but crosses the blood-brain barrier to trigger brain parenchymal injury and central neuroinflammation to establish latent cerebral infection in humans and other vertebrates. Recent findings underscore the strong correlation between alterations in the peripheral and central immune environment and mood disorders. Th17 and Th1 cells are important pro-inflammatory cells that can drive the pathology of mood disorders by promoting neuroinflammation. As opposed to Th17 and Th1, regulatory T cells have inhibitory inflammatory and neuroprotective functions that can ameliorate mood disorders. T. gondii induces neuroinflammation, which can be mediated by CD4+ T cells (such as Tregs, Th17, Th1, and Th2). Though the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorder have been currently studied, emerging evidence points to unique role of CD4+ T cells in mood disorder, especially those caused by T. gondii infection. In this review, we explore some recent studies that extend our understanding of the relationship between mood disorders and T. gondii.
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16
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Hagen EH, Blackwell AD, Lightner AD, Sullivan RJ. Homo medicus: The transition to meat eating increased pathogen pressure and the use of pharmacological plants in Homo. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 180:589-617. [PMID: 36815505 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The human lineage transitioned to a more carnivorous niche 2.6 mya and evolved a large body size and slower life history, which likely increased zoonotic pathogen pressure. Evidence for this increase includes increased zoonotic infections in modern hunter-gatherers and bushmeat hunters, exceptionally low stomach pH compared to other primates, and divergence in immune-related genes. These all point to change, and probably intensification, in the infectious disease environment of Homo compared to earlier hominins and other apes. At the same time, the brain, an organ in which immune responses are constrained, began to triple in size. We propose that the combination of increased zoonotic pathogen pressure and the challenges of defending a large brain and body from pathogens in a long-lived mammal, selected for intensification of the plant-based self-medication strategies already in place in apes and other primates. In support, there is evidence of medicinal plant use by hominins in the middle Paleolithic, and all cultures today have sophisticated, plant-based medical systems, add spices to food, and regularly consume psychoactive plant substances that are harmful to helminths and other pathogens. We propose that the computational challenges of discovering effective plant-based treatments, the consequent ability to consume more energy-rich animal foods, and the reduced reliance on energetically-costly immune responses helped select for increased cognitive abilities and unique exchange relationships in Homo. In the story of human evolution, which has long emphasized hunting skills, medical skills had an equal role to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H Hagen
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron D Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron D Lightner
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
- Department of the Study of Religion, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roger J Sullivan
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Sacramento, California, USA
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17
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Zhang N, Qi X, Chang H, Li C, Qin X, Wei W, Cai Q, He D, Zhao Y, Shi S, Chu X, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Combined effects of inflammation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the risks of anxiety and depression: A cross-sectional study based on UK Biobank. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28726. [PMID: 37185864 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection-induced perturbation of immune homeostasis could promote psychopathology. Psychiatric sequelae have been observed after previous coronavirus outbreaks. However, limited studies were conducted to explore the potential interaction effects of inflammation and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the risks of anxiety and depression. In this study, first, polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated for eight COVID-19 clinical phenotypes using individual-level genotype data from the UK Biobank. Then, linear regression models were developed to assess the effects of COVID-19 PRS, C-reactive protein (CRP), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and their interaction effects on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7, 104 783 individuals) score and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9, 104 346 individuals) score. Several suggestive interactions between inflammation factors and COVID-19 clinical phenotypes were detected for PHQ-9 score, such as CRP/SII × Hospitalized/Not_Hospitalized in women group and CRP × Hospitalized/Unscreened in age >65 years group. For GAD-7 score, we also found several suggestive interactions, such as CRP × Positive/Unscreened in the age ≤65 years group. Our results suggest that not only COVID-19 and inflammation have important effects on anxiety and depression but also the interactions of COVID-19 and inflammation have serious risks for anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun'e Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sirong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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18
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Persistent inflammation and neuronal loss in the mouse brain induced by a modified form of attenuated herpes simplex virus type I. Virol Sin 2023; 38:108-118. [PMID: 36436797 PMCID: PMC10006190 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a widespread neurotropic virus that can reach the brain and cause a rare but acute herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) with a high mortality rate. Most patients present with changes in neurological and behavioral status, and survivors suffer long-term neurological sequelae. To date, the pathogenesis leading to brain damage is still not well understood. HSV-1 induced encephalitis in the central nervous system (CNS) in animals are usually very diffuse and progressing rapidly, and mostly fatal, making the analysis difficult. Here, we established a mouse model of HSE via intracerebral inoculation of modified version of neural-attenuated strains of HSV-1 (deletion of ICP34.5 and inserting a strong promoter into the latency-associated transcript region), in which the LMR-αΔpA strain initiated moderate productive infection, leading to strong host immune and inflammatory response characterized by persistent microglia activation. This viral replication activity and prolonged inflammatory response activated signaling pathways in neuronal damage, amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease, and neurodegeneration, eventually leading to neuronal loss and behavioral changes characterized by hypokinesia. Our study reveals detailed pathogenic processes and persistent inflammatory responses in the CNS and provides a controlled, mild and non-lethal HSE model for studying long-term neuronal injury and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases due to HSV-1 infection.
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19
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Wang S, de Fabritus L, Kumar PA, Werner Y, Ma M, Li D, Siret C, Simic M, Li B, Kerdiles YM, Hou L, Stumm R, van de Pavert SA. Brain endothelial CXCL12 attracts protective natural killer cells during ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 36631780 PMCID: PMC9835334 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family consists of NK cells, ILC type 1, 2, 3 and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. They have been shown to play important roles in homeostasis and immune responses and are generally considered tissue resident. Not much is known about the presence of ILC members within the central nervous system and whether they are tissue resident in this organ too. Therefore, we studied the presence of all ILC members within the central nervous system and after ischemic brain insult. METHODS We used the photothrombotic ischemic lesion method to induce ischemic lesions within the mouse brain. Using whole-mount immunofluorescence imaging, we established that the ILCs were present at the rim of the lesion. We quantified the increase of all ILC members at different time-points after the ischemic lesion induction by flow cytometry. Their migration route via chemokine CXCL12 was studied by using different genetic mouse models, in which we induced deletion of Cxcl12 within the blood-brain barrier endothelium, or its receptor, Cxcr4, in the ILCs. The functional role of the ILCs was subsequently established using the beam-walk sensorimotor test. RESULTS Here, we report that ILCs are not resident within the mouse brain parenchyma during steady-state conditions, but are attracted towards the ischemic stroke. Specifically, we identify NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s within the lesion, the highest influx being observed for NK cells and ILC1s. We further show that CXCL12 expressed at the blood-brain barrier is essential for NK cells and NKp46+ ILC3s to migrate toward the lesion. Complementary, Cxcr4-deficiency in NK cells prevents NK cells from entering the infarct area. Lack of NK cell migration results in a higher neurological deficit in the beam-walk sensorimotor test. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the lack of ILCs in the mouse central nervous system at steady-state and their migration towards an ischemic brain lesion. Our data show a role for blood-brain barrier-derived CXCL12 in attracting protective NK cells to ischemic brain lesions and identifies a new CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated component of the innate immune response to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Wang
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Lauriane de Fabritus
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Praveen Ashok Kumar
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Yves Werner
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Minglu Ma
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Carole Siret
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Milesa Simic
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Bin Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yann M. Kerdiles
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
| | - Lei Hou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ralf Stumm
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Serge A. van de Pavert
- grid.417850.f0000 0004 0639 5277Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France
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20
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Cassidy BR, Logan S, Farley JA, Owen DB, Sonntag WE, Drevets DA. Progressive cognitive impairment after recovery from neuroinvasive and non-neuroinvasive Listeria monocytogenes infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146690. [PMID: 37143648 PMCID: PMC10151798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuro-cognitive impairment is a deleterious complication of bacterial infections that is difficult to treat or prevent. Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a neuroinvasive bacterial pathogen and commonly used model organism for studying immune responses to infection. Antibiotic-treated mice that survive systemic Lm infection have increased numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in the brain that include tissue resident memory (TRM) T cells, but post-infectious cognitive decline has not been demonstrated. We hypothesized that Lm infection would trigger cognitive decline in accord with increased numbers of recruited leukocytes. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice (age 8 wks) were injected with neuroinvasive Lm 10403s, non-neuroinvasive Δhly mutants, or sterile saline. All mice received antibiotics 2-16d post-injection (p.i.) and underwent cognitive testing 1 month (mo) or 4 mo p.i. using the Noldus PhenoTyper with Cognition Wall, a food reward-based discrimination procedure using automated home cage based observation and monitoring. After cognitive testing, brain leukocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Results Changes suggesting cognitive decline were observed 1 mo p.i. in both groups of infected mice compared with uninfected controls, but were more widespread and significantly worse 4 mo p.i. and most notably after Lm 10403s. Impairments were observed in learning, extinction of prior learning and distance moved. Infection with Lm 10403s, but not Δhly Lm, significantly increased numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes, including populations expressing CD69 and TRM cells, 1 mo p.i. Numbers of CD8+, CD69+CD8+ T-lymphocytes and CD8+ TRM remained elevated at 4 mo p.i. but numbers of CD4+ cells returned to homeostatic levels. Higher numbers of brain CD8+ T-lymphocytes showed the strongest correlations with reduced cognitive performance. Conclusions Systemic infection by neuroinvasive as well as non-neuroinvasive Lm triggers a progressive decline in cognitive impairment. Notably, the deficits are more profound after neuroinvasive infection that triggers long-term retention of CD8+ T-lymphocytes in the brain, than after non-neuroinvasive infection, which does not lead to retained cells in the brain. These results support the conclusion that systemic infections, particularly those that lead to brain leukocytosis trigger a progressive decline in cognitive function and implicate CD8+ T-lymphocytes, including CD8+TRM in the etiology of this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Cassidy
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Sreemathi Logan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Julie A. Farley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Daniel B. Owen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - William E. Sonntag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Douglas A. Drevets
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Douglas A. Drevets,
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21
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Daniels BP, Oberst A. Outcomes of RIP Kinase Signaling During Neuroinvasive Viral Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 442:155-174. [PMID: 32253569 PMCID: PMC7781604 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinvasive viral diseases are a considerable and growing burden on global public health. Despite this, these infections remain poorly understood, and the molecular mechanisms that govern protective versus pathological neuroinflammatory responses to infection are a matter of intense investigation. Recent evidence suggests that necroptosis, an immunogenic form of programmed cell death, may contribute to the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis. However, the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases that coordinate necroptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3, also appear to have unexpected, cell death-independent functions in the central nervous system (CNS) that promote beneficial neuroinflammation during neuroinvasive infection. Here, we review the emerging evidence in this field, with additional discussion of recent work examining roles for RIPK signaling and necroptosis during noninfectious pathologies of the CNS, as these studies provide important additional insight into the potential for specialized neuroimmune functions for the RIP kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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22
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Nainu F, Mamada SS, Harapan H, Emran TB. Inflammation-Mediated Responses in the Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1411:39-70. [PMID: 36949305 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Since its first description over a century ago, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have impaired the lives of millions of people worldwide. As one of the major threats to human health, NDDs are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal structure and function, leading to the impaired function of the CNS. While the precise mechanisms underlying the emergence of NDDs remains elusive, association of neuroinflammation with the emergence of NDDs has been suggested. The immune system is tightly controlled to maintain homeostatic milieu and failure in doing so has been shown catastrophic. Here, we review current concepts on the cellular and molecular drivers responsible in the induction of neuroinflammation and how such event further promotes neuronal damage leading to neurodegeneration. Experimental data generated from cell culture and animal studies, gross and molecular pathologies of human CNS samples, and genome-wide association study are discussed to provide deeper insights into the mechanistic details of neuroinflammation and its roles in the emergence of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Harapan Harapan
- School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
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23
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Asante I, Louie S, Yassine HN. Uncovering mechanisms of brain inflammation in Alzheimer's disease with APOE4: Application of single cell-type lipidomics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:84-105. [PMID: 36200578 PMCID: PMC10092192 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A chronic state of unresolved inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is intrinsically involved with the remodeling of brain lipids. This review highlights the effect of carrying the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4) on various brain cell types in promoting an unresolved inflammatory state. Among its pleotropic effects on brain lipids, we focus on APOE4's activation of Ca2+ -dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and its effects on arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid signaling cascades in the brain. During the process of neurodegeneration, various brain cell types, such as astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, together with the neurovascular unit, develop distinct inflammatory phenotypes that impact their functions and have characteristic lipidomic fingerprints. We propose that lipidomic phenotyping of single cell-types harvested from brains differing by age, sex, disease severity stage, and dietary and genetic backgrounds can be employed to probe mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the brain cellular inflammatory/lipidomic response promises to guide the development of nutritional and drug interventions for AD dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Asante
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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Kann O, Almouhanna F, Chausse B. Interferon γ: a master cytokine in microglia-mediated neural network dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:913-927. [PMID: 36283867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, lymphocytic interferon γ (IFN-γ) was considered to be a simple 'booster' of proinflammatory responses by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) during bacterial or viral infection. Recent slice culture (in situ) and in vivo studies suggest, however, that IFN-γ has a unique role in microglial activation. Priming by IFN-γ results in proliferation (microgliosis), enhanced synapse elimination, and moderate nitric oxide release sufficient to impair synaptic transmission, gamma rhythm activity, and cognitive functions. Moreover, IFN-γ is pivotal for driving Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated microglia into neurotoxic phenotypes that induce energetic and oxidative stress, severe network dysfunction, and neuronal death. Pharmacological targeting of activated microglia could be beneficial during elevated IFN-γ levels, blood-brain barrier leakage, and parenchymal T lymphocyte infiltration associated with, for instance, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fadi Almouhanna
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Chakraborty S, Mali K. Fuzzy and elitist cuckoo search based microscopic image segmentation approach. Appl Soft Comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Gut Microbiota Dynamics in Relation to Long-COVID-19 Syndrome: Role of Probiotics to Combat Psychiatric Complications. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100912. [PMID: 36295814 PMCID: PMC9611210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of patients who recover from COVID-19 report lasting symptoms, such as fatigue, muscle weakness, dementia, and insomnia, known collectively as post-acute COVID syndrome or long COVID. These lasting symptoms have been examined in different studies and found to influence multiple organs, sometimes resulting in life-threating conditions. In this review, these symptoms are discussed in connection to the COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 immune changes, highlighting oral and psychiatric health, as this work focuses on the gut microbiota’s link to long-COVID-19 manifestations in the liver, heart, kidney, brain, and spleen. A model of this is presented to show the biological and clinical implications of gut microbiota in SARS-CoV-2 infection and how they could possibly affect the therapeutic aspects of the disease. Probiotics can support the body’s systems in fighting viral infections. This review focuses on current knowledge about the use of probiotics as adjuvant therapies for COVID-19 patients that might help to prevent long-COVID-19 complications.
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27
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Yang C, Zhou Y, Liu H, Xu P. The Role of Inflammation in Cognitive Impairment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101303. [PMID: 36291237 PMCID: PMC9599901 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) has become a major worldwide public health concern, given its global prevalence. It has clear links with multiple comorbidities and mortality. Cognitive impairment is one related comorbidity causing great pressure on individuals and society. The clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment in OSAS include decline in attention/vigilance, verbal–visual memory loss, visuospatial/structural ability impairment, and executive dysfunction. It has been proven that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may be a main cause of cognitive impairment in OSAS. Inflammation plays important roles in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction. Furthermore, the nuclear factor kappa B and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha pathways play significant roles in this inflammatory mechanism. Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective therapy for OSAS; however, its effect on cognitive impairment is suboptimal. Therefore, in this review, we address the role inflammation plays in the development of neuro-impairment in OSAS and the association between OSAS and cognitive impairment to provide an overview of its pathophysiology. We believe that furthering the understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms involved in OSAS-associated cognitive impairment could lead to the development of appropriate and effective therapy.
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28
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Zhou K, Han J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu C. The therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived macrophages in neurological diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1942-1952. [PMID: 36066198 PMCID: PMC9627381 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating monocytes are precursors of both tissue macrophages and dendritic cells, and they can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) where they transform into bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). BMDMs play essential roles in various CNS diseases, thus modulating BMDMs might be a way to treat these disorders because there are currently no efficient therapeutic methods available for most of these neurological diseases. Moreover, BMDMs can serve as promising gene delivery vehicles following bone marrow transplantation for otherwise incurable genetic CNS diseases. Understanding the distinct roles that BMDMs play in CNS diseases and their potential as gene delivery vehicles may provide new insights and opportunities for using BMDMs as therapeutic targets or delivery vehicles. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the neurological diseases that might be treated by modulating BMDMs or by delivering gene therapies via BMDMs after bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Department of Hematology and OncologyChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Neurodevelopment Engineering Research Center for ChildrenChildren's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research CenterThe Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Centre for Brain Repair and RehabilitationInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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29
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Xiao H, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Guo L, Dou Z, Liu L, Zhu L, Feng W, Liu B, Hu B, Chen T, Liu G, Wen T. High-throughput sequencing unravels the cell heterogeneity of cerebrospinal fluid in the bacterial meningitis of children. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872832. [PMID: 36119025 PMCID: PMC9478118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a common life-threatening infection in children that occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). The cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a key parameter in the diagnosis of BM, but the heterogeneity of cells in the CSF has not been elucidated, which limits the current understanding of BM neuroinflammation. In this study, CSF samples were collected from a number of BM patients who were in different stages of disease progression. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), with additional bulk transcriptome sequencing, was conducted to decipher the characteristics of CSF cells in BM progression. A total of 18 immune cell clusters in CSF were identified, including two neutrophils, two monocytes, one macrophage, four myeloid dendritic cells, five T cells, one natural killer cell, one B cell, one plasmacytoid dendritic cell, and one plasma cell subtype. Their population profiles and dynamics in the initial onset, remission, and recovery stages during BM progression were also characterized, which showed decreased proportions of myeloid cells and increased proportions of lymphoid cells with disease progression. One novel neutrophil subtype, FFAR2+TNFAIP6+ neutrophils, and one novel monocyte subtype, THBS1+IL1B+ monocytes, were discovered, and their quantity changes positively correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory response in the CSF during BM. In addition, the CSF of BM patients with unsatisfactory therapeutic responses presented with different cell heterogeneity compared to the CSF of BM patients with satisfactory therapeutic responses, and their CSF featured altered intercellular communications and increased proportions of type II myeloid dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Moreover, the bulk transcriptome profiles of autologous CSF cells and peripheral blood leukocytes of BM patients showed that the immune cells in these two physiological compartments exhibited distinct immune responses under different onset conditions. In particular, the CSF cells showed a high expression of macrophage characteristic genes and a low expression of platelet characteristic genes compared with peripheral blood leukocytes. Our study conducted an in-depth exploration of the characteristics of CSF cells in BM progression, which provided novel insights into immune cell engagement in acute CNS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wenya Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tingyi Wen, ; Gang Liu,
| | - Tingyi Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tingyi Wen, ; Gang Liu,
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30
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Yue J, Shi Y, Xiao B, Xiao W, Luo Z. Non-coding RNAs: The Neuroinflammatory Regulators in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929290. [PMID: 36034298 PMCID: PMC9414873 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a common indication of nervous system diseases, neuroinflammation has attracted more and more attention, especially in the process of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Two types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widely involved in the process of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, namely long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). However, no research has systematically summarized that lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate neurodegenerative diseases through neuroinflammatory mechanisms. In this study, we summarize four main mechanisms of lncRNAs and miRNAs involved in neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, including the imbalance between proinflammatory and neuroprotective cells in microglia and astrocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory mediators. We hope to clarify the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs and miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases and provide new insights into the etiological treatment of neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Yue
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbiao Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Wenbiao Xiao
| | - Zhaohui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epileptic Disease of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Zhaohui Luo
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31
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Maurya SK, Baghel MS, Gaurav, Chaudhary V, Kaushik A, Gautam A. Putative role of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain dysfunctions: a prospect. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 35934991 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2108998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though the virus primarily damages the respiratory and cardiovascular systems after binding to the host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, it has the potential to affect all major organ systems, including the human nervous system. There are multiple clinical reports of anosmia, dizziness, headache, nausea, ageusia, encephalitis, demyelination, neuropathy, memory loss, and neurological complications in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Though the molecular mechanism of these brain dysfunctions during SARS-CoV-2 infection is elusive, the mitochondria seem to be an integral part of this pathogenesis. Emerging research findings suggest that the dysfunctional mitochondria and associated altered bioenergetics in the infected host cells lead to altered energy metabolism in the brain of Covid-19 patients. The interactome between viral proteins and mitochondrial proteins during Covid-19 pathogenesis also provides evidence for the involvement of mitochondria in SARS-CoV-2-induced brain dysfunctions. The present review discusses the possible role of mitochondria in disturbing the SARS-CoV-2 mediated brain functions, with the potential to use this information to prevent and treat these impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghraj S Baghel
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaurav
- Department of Botany, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health System Engineering, Department ofEnvironmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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32
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Singh D, Singh E. An overview of the neurological aspects in COVID-19 infection. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 122:102101. [PMID: 35430271 PMCID: PMC9008979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Crown-shaped, severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) triggered the globally fatal illness of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This infection is known to be initially reported in bats and has been causing major respiratory challenges. The primary symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue and dry cough. As progressed the complications may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS), arrhythmia and shock. This review illustrates the neurological and neuropsychiatric impairments due to COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters via the hematogenous or neural route, spreads to the Central Nervous System (CNS), causing a blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Recent scientific articles have reported that SARS-CoV-2 causes several neurological issues such as encephalitis, seizures, acute stroke, delirium, meningoencephalitis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). As a long-term effect of this disease certain neuropsychiatric conditions are witnessed such as depression and anxiety. Invasion into followed by degeneration takes place causing an uncontrolled immune response. Transcription factors like NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells), which modulate genes responsible for inflammatory response gets over expressed. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2) counterpoises the inflammation by antioxidant response towards COVID-19 infection. Like every other infection, the severity of this infection leads to deterioration of major organ systems and even leads to death. By the columns of this review, we elaborate on the neurological aspects of this life-threatening infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.
| | - Ekta Singh
- Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Soladevanahalli, Bengaluru 560107, India
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33
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Cassidy BR, Sonntag WE, Leenen PJM, Drevets DA. Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in aged mice induces long-term neuroinflammation: the role of miR-155. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 35614490 PMCID: PMC9130456 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mechanisms of pathologic neuroinflammation is essential for improving outcomes after central nervous system infections. Brain tissue-resident memory T cells (bTRM) are recruited during central nervous system infection and promote pathogen control as well as noxious inflammation. Our prior studies in young mice showed optimal recruitment of CD8+ bTRM during neuroinvasive Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection required miR-155, and was significantly inhibited by anti-miR-155 oligonucleotides. Since Lm is an important pathogen in the elderly, we hypothesized anti-miR-155 would also inhibit accumulation of CD8+ bTRM in aged mice infected with Lm. METHODS Young (2 mo) and aged (> 18 mo) male C57BL/6 mice were infected intra-peritoneally with wild-type Lm, or avirulent Lm mutants lacking the genes required for intracellular motility (ΔactA) or phagosomal escape (Δhly), then were given antibiotics. Brain leukocytes and their intracellular cytokine production were quantified by flow cytometry >28d post-infection (p.i.). The role of miR-155 was tested by injecting mice with anti-miR-155 or control oligonucleotides along with antibiotics. RESULTS Aged mice had significantly more homeostatic CD8+ bTRM than did young mice, which did not increase after infection with wild-type Lm despite 50% mortality, whereas young mice suffered no mortality after a larger inoculum. For direct comparison of post-infectious neuroinflammation after the same inoculum, young and aged mice were infected with 107 CFU ΔactA Lm. This mutant caused no mortality and significantly increased CD8+ bTRM 28d p.i. in both groups, whereas bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, increased only in aged mice. Notably, anti-miR-155 reduced accumulation of brain myeloid cells in aged mice after infection, whereas CD8+ bTRM were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Systemic infection with Lm ΔactA is a novel model for studying infection-induced brain inflammation in aged mice without excessive mortality. CD8+ bTRM increase in both young and aged mice after infection, whereas only in aged mice bone marrow-derived myeloid cells increase long-term. In aged mice, anti-miR-155 inhibits brain accumulation of myeloid cells, but not CD8+ bTRM. These results suggest young and aged mice differ in manifestations and mechanisms of infection-induced neuroinflammation and give insight for developing therapies to ameliorate brain inflammation following severe infection in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Cassidy
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young, Suite 7300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - William E. Sonntag
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas A. Drevets
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young, Suite 7300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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Context-dependent effects of inflammation on retina regeneration. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4351-4367. [PMID: 35538305 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is required for the proliferation of Müller glia (MG) into multipotent progenitors (MGPCs) in the injured fish and avian retinas. However, its function in retina regeneration has not been fully understood. Here we investigated the role of inflammation in three different retinal regeneration paradigms in zebrafish (stab-injury, NMDA-injury and insulin treatment). We first show that different types of immune cells and levels of inflammatory cytokines were found in the retinas of these paradigms. Though zymosan injection alone was insufficient to induce MG proliferation in the uninjured retina, immune suppression significantly inhibited MGPC formation in all three paradigms. Enhancing inflammation promoted MGPC formation after stab-injury, while exhibiting a context-dependent role in the NMDA or insulin models. We further show that proper levels of inflammation promoted MG reprogramming and cell cycle re-entry after stab- or NMDA-injury, but excessive inflammation also suppressed MG proliferation in the latter model. Finally, inflammation differentially affected neuronal regeneration in various injury paradigms. Our study reveals the complex and context-dependent role of inflammation during retinal repair in fish and suggests accurate inflammation management may be crucial for successful retina regeneration in mammals.
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35
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Lyra E Silva NM, Barros-Aragão FGQ, De Felice FG, Ferreira ST. Inflammation at the crossroads of COVID-19, cognitive deficits and depression. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:109023. [PMID: 35257690 PMCID: PMC8894741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M Lyra E Silva
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Fernanda G Q Barros-Aragão
- D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G De Felice
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- D'OR Institute for Research & Education, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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36
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Xu L, Wei JF, Zhao J, Xu SY, Lee FQ, Nie MC, Xu ZW, Zhou YC, Zhu L. The Immunity Protection of Central Nervous System Induced by Pseudorabies Virus DelgI/gE/TK in Mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862907. [PMID: 35401481 PMCID: PMC8990752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a variant strain, we constructed a gE/gI/TK-deleted pseudorabies virus (PRV). A total of 18 female mice were randomized to a vaccination group to receive PRV XJ delgE/gI/TK, a vehicle group to receive Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, and a mock group to confirm the protection of PRV delgE/gI/TK on the central nervous system in mice. Subsequently, the vaccination and vehicle groups were infected with PRV XJ. The mice in the vehicle group showed more severe neurological symptoms and higher viral loads than those in the vaccination group. The exudation of Evans blue and the expression of tight junction protein showed no difference in all groups. HE staining showed vacuolar neuronal degeneration in the vehicle group brain, but no tissue lesions were observed in the vaccination group. TNF-α, IL-6, and synuclein were upregulated in the brain of mice in the vehicle group, while those were inhibited among mice in the vaccination group. IFN-β, IFN-γ, ISG15, Mx1, and OAS1 showed no difference in the brain between the vaccination and vehicle groups. In addition, TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited, and antiviral factors were increased in the intestine of the mice in the vaccination group compared to those in the vehicle group. Our study showed that PRV XJ delgE/gI/TK inhibited neurological damage and the inflammation of the intestine and brain induced by PRV and activated the innate immunity of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Feng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Qin Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min-Cai Nie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Zhou
- Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zammit NW, McDowell J, Warren J, Muskovic W, Gamble J, Shi YC, Kaczorowski D, Chan CL, Powell J, Ormandy C, Brown D, Oakes SR, Grey ST. TNFAIP3 Reduction-of-Function Drives Female Infertility and CNS Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:811525. [PMID: 35464428 PMCID: PMC9027572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.811525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with autoimmune and inflammatory aetiologies can exhibit reduced fecundity. TNFAIP3 is a master negative regulator of inflammation, and has been linked to many inflammatory conditions by genome wide associations studies, however its role in fertility remains unknown. Here we show that mice harbouring a mild Tnfaip3 reduction-of-function coding variant (Tnfaip3I325N) that reduces the threshold for inflammatory NF-κB activation, exhibit reduced fecundity. Sub-fertility in Tnfaip3I325N mice is associated with irregular estrous cycling, low numbers of ovarian secondary follicles, impaired mammary gland development and insulin resistance. These pathological features are associated with infertility in human subjects. Transplantation of Tnfaip3I325N ovaries, mammary glands or pancreatic islets into wild-type recipients rescued estrous cycling, mammary branching and hyperinsulinemia respectively, pointing towards a cell-extrinsic hormonal mechanism. Examination of hypothalamic brain sections revealed increased levels of microglial activation with reduced levels of luteinizing hormone. TNFAIP3 coding variants may offer one contributing mechanism for the cause of sub-fertility observed across otherwise healthy populations as well as for the wide variety of auto-inflammatory conditions to which TNFAIP3 is associated. Further, TNFAIP3 represents a molecular mechanism that links heightened immunity with neuronal inflammatory homeostasis. These data also highlight that tuning-up immunity with TNFAIP3 comes with the potentially evolutionary significant trade-off of reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W. Zammit
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nathan W. Zammit, ; Shane T. Grey,
| | - Joseph McDowell
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Warren
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter Muskovic
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne Gamble
- Centre for NSW Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology And Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominik Kaczorowski
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chia-Ling Chan
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph Powell
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Ormandy
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Brown
- Centre for NSW Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology And Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R. Oakes
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Translation Science Pillar, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nathan W. Zammit, ; Shane T. Grey,
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Priming of microglia by type II interferon is lasting and resistant to modulation by interleukin-10 in situ. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 368:577881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Lima M, Aloizou AM, Siokas V, Bakirtzis C, Liampas I, Tsouris Z, Bogdanos DP, Baloyannis SJ, Dardiotis E. Coronaviruses and their relationship with multiple sclerosis: is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis going to increase after the Covid-19 pandemia? Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:703-720. [PMID: 35258237 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine whether there is a possible (etiological/triggering) relationship between infection with various Coronaviruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemia, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and whether an increase of the prevalence of MS after the current Covid-19 pandemia should be expected, examining new and preexisting data. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, environmental agents seem to greatly influence the onset of the disease, with viruses being the most popular candidate. Existing data support this possible etiological relationship between viruses and MS, and experimental studies show that Coronaviruses can actually induce an MS-like demyelinating disease in animal models. Findings in MS patients could also be compatible with this coronaviral MS hypothesis. More importantly, current data from the Covid-19 pandemia show that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmunity and possibly induce autoimmune diseases, in the Central Nervous System as well, strengthening the viral hypothesis of MS. If we accept that Coronaviruses can induce MS, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the prevalence of MS after the Covid-19 pandemia. This knowledge is of great importance in order to protect the aging groups that are more vulnerable against autoimmune diseases and MS specifically, and to establish proper vaccination and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lima
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- B' Department of Neurology, Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 40500 Viopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Stavros J Baloyannis
- Research Institute for Alzheimer's disease, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57200 Iraklio Lagkada, Thessaloniki, Greece.,1st Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41100, Larissa, Greece
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40
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Douaud G, Lee S, Alfaro-Almagro F, Arthofer C, Wang C, McCarthy P, Lange F, Andersson JLR, Griffanti L, Duff E, Jbabdi S, Taschler B, Keating P, Winkler AM, Collins R, Matthews PM, Allen N, Miller KL, Nichols TE, Smith SM. SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2021.06.11.21258690. [PMID: 34189535 PMCID: PMC8240690 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.11.21258690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is strong evidence for brain-related abnormalities in COVID-19 1-13 . It remains unknown however whether the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection can be detected in milder cases, and whether this can reveal possible mechanisms contributing to brain pathology. Here, we investigated brain changes in 785 UK Biobank participants (aged 51-81) imaged twice, including 401 cases who tested positive for infection with SARS-CoV-2 between their two scans, with 141 days on average separating their diagnosis and second scan, and 384 controls. The availability of pre-infection imaging data reduces the likelihood of pre-existing risk factors being misinterpreted as disease effects. We identified significant longitudinal effects when comparing the two groups, including: (i) greater reduction in grey matter thickness and tissue-contrast in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, (ii) greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally-connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and (iii) greater reduction in global brain size. The infected participants also showed on average larger cognitive decline between the two timepoints. Importantly, these imaging and cognitive longitudinal effects were still seen after excluding the 15 cases who had been hospitalised. These mainly limbic brain imaging results may be the in vivo hallmarks of a degenerative spread of the disease via olfactory pathways, of neuroinflammatory events, or of the loss of sensory input due to anosmia. Whether this deleterious impact can be partially reversed, or whether these effects will persist in the long term, remains to be investigated with additional follow up.
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Reis PA, Castro-Faria-Neto HC. Systemic Response to Infection Induces Long-Term Cognitive Decline: Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress as Therapeutical Targets. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:742158. [PMID: 35250433 PMCID: PMC8895724 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.742158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to pathogens or damage signs, the immune system is activated in order to eliminate the noxious stimuli. The inflammatory response to infectious diseases induces systemic events, including cytokine storm phenomenon, vascular dysfunction, and coagulopathy, that can lead to multiple-organ dysfunction. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major organs affected, and symptoms such as sickness behavior (depression and fever, among others), or even delirium, can be observed due to activation of endothelial and glial cells, leading to neuroinflammation. Several reports have been shown that, due to CNS alterations caused by neuroinflammation, some sequels can be developed in special cognitive decline. There is still no any treatment to avoid cognitive impairment, especially those developed due to systemic infectious diseases, but preclinical and clinical trials have pointed out controlling neuroinflammatory events to avoid the development of this sequel. In this minireview, we point to the possible mechanisms that triggers long-term cognitive decline, proposing the acute neuroinflammatory events as a potential therapeutical target to treat this sequel that has been associated to several infectious diseases, such as malaria, sepsis, and, more recently, the new SARS-Cov2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Patricia Alves Reis,
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Effect of Curcumin in Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Antimycobacterial Activity in the Lungs and Anti-Inflammatory Effect in the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041964. [PMID: 35216083 PMCID: PMC8876821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Patients with TB have been observed to suffer from depression and anxiety linked to social variables. Previous experiments found that the substantial pulmonary inflammation associated with TB causes neuroinflammation, neuronal death, and behavioral impairments in the absence of brain infection. Curcumin (CUR) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In this work, we evaluated the CUR effect on the growth control of mycobacteria in the lungs and the anti-inflammatory effect in the brain using a model of progressive pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with drug-sensitive mycobacteria (strain H37Rv). The results have shown that CUR decreased lung bacilli load and pneumonia of infected animals. Finally, CUR significantly decreased neuroinflammation (expression of TNFα, IFNγ and IL12) and slightly increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related to factor 2 (Nrf2) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, improving behavioral status. These results suggest that CUR has a bactericidal effect and can control pulmonary mycobacterial infection and reduce neuroinflammation. It seems that CUR has a promising potential as adjuvant therapy in TB treatment.
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Ou G, Jiang X, Deng Y, Dong J, Xu W, Zhang X, Zhang J. Inhibition or Deletion of Hydroxylases-Prolyl-4-Hydroxyases 3 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Neuroinflammation and Neurobehavioral Deficiency. Neuroscience 2022; 481:47-59. [PMID: 34801658 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that neuroinflammation plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and its hydroxylases-Prolyl-4-hydroxyases (PHDs) have been found to modulate the inflammatory processes. Here, the effects of PHDs enzyme onlipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive deficits were investigated. BV2 microglia cells were stimulated by LPS (1 μg/ml) as neuroinflammation model in vitro. Dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG, 100 μM) and PHD3-siRNA were used to suppress the expression of PHD3. In vivo, mice received consecutive intraperitoneal injection of LPS (500 μg/kg) for 7 days, and intraperitoneal injection of DMOG (100 mg/kg) was applied 1 h before LPS at the same days. Several neurobehavioral tests (Open field, Novel object recognition and Morris water maze) were used to measure cognitive function. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, HIF-PHDs protein. Metabolic reprogramming was measured by seahorse method. The results revealed that LPS induced neuroinflammation and PHD3 expression in vivo and vitro. DMOG and PHD3knockout decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines and improved the metabolic reprogramming caused by LPS treatment. Furthermore, pretreatment of DMOG reversed learning and memory deficits in systemic LPS-exposed mice through anti-neuroinflammation, which is independent of DMOG angiogenesis. These findings suggested that PHD3 may mediate LPS-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation-associated neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyao Ou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuliang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yixu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Weilong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Zhou YP, Mei MJ, Wang XZ, Huang SN, Chen L, Zhang M, Li XY, Qin HB, Dong X, Cheng S, Wen L, Yang B, An XF, He AD, Zhang B, Zeng WB, Li XJ, Lu Y, Li HC, Li H, Zou WG, Redwood AJ, Rayner S, Cheng H, McVoy MA, Tang Q, Britt WJ, Zhou X, Jiang X, Luo MH. A congenital CMV infection model for follow-up studies of neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroimaging abnormalities, and treatment. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152551. [PMID: 35014624 PMCID: PMC8765053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the leading infectious cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the neuropathogenesis remains largely elusive due to a lack of informative animal models. In this study, we developed a congenital murine CMV (cMCMV) infection mouse model with high survival rate and long survival period that allowed long-term follow-up study of neurodevelopmental disorders. This model involves in utero intracranial injection and mimics many reported clinical manifestations of cCMV infection in infants, including growth restriction, hearing loss, and impaired cognitive and learning-memory abilities. We observed that abnormalities in MRI/CT neuroimaging were consistent with brain hemorrhage and loss of brain parenchyma, which was confirmed by pathological analysis. Neuropathological findings included ventriculomegaly and cortical atrophy associated with impaired proliferation and migration of neural progenitor cells in the developing brain at both embryonic and postnatal stages. Robust inflammatory responses during infection were shown by elevated inflammatory cytokine levels, leukocyte infiltration, and activation of microglia and astrocytes in the brain. Pathological analyses and CT neuroimaging revealed brain calcifications induced by cMCMV infection and cell death via pyroptosis. Furthermore, antiviral treatment with ganciclovir significantly improved neurological functions and mitigated brain damage as shown by CT neuroimaging. These results demonstrate that this model is suitable for investigation of mechanisms of infection-induced brain damage and long-term studies of neurodevelopmental disorders, including the development of interventions to limit CNS damage associated with cCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Jie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Bin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Fang An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ao-Di He
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Chuang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haidong Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alec J. Redwood
- The Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Rayner
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub — Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Han Cheng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael A. McVoy
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William J. Britt
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Joint Center of Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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45
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Zingale VD, Gugliandolo A, Mazzon E. MiR-155: An Important Regulator of Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:90. [PMID: 35008513 PMCID: PMC8745074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and that play an important role in many cellular processes, including modulation of inflammation. MiRNAs are present in high concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) and are spatially and temporally expressed in a specific way. Therefore, an imbalance in the expression pattern of these small molecules can be involved in the development of neurological diseases. Generally, CNS responds to damage or disease through the activation of an inflammatory response, but many neurological disorders are characterized by uncontrolled neuroinflammation. Many studies support the involvement of miRNAs in the activation or inhibition of inflammatory signaling and in the promotion of uncontrolled neuroinflammation with pathological consequences. MiR-155 is a pro-inflammatory mediator of the CNS and plays an important regulatory role. The purpose of this review is to summarize how miR-155 is regulated and the pathological consequences of its deregulation during neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Modulation of miRNAs' expression could be used as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of pathological neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnese Gugliandolo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (V.D.Z.); (E.M.)
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46
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Zavari A, Hamidabad NM, Hassanzadeh M. A case of aseptic meningitis following AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccination. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 55:225.e5-225.e6. [PMID: 34955313 PMCID: PMC8684093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The AZD1222 is one of the vaccines used against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is currently being used in many countries worldwide. Some important neurological side effects have been reported in association with this vaccine, but aseptic meningitis has not yet been reported. Herein, we report a case of aseptic meningitis in a 26-year-old health care worker, following the first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arefeh Zavari
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Negin Mahmoudi Hamidabad
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Hassanzadeh
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rasoul-E-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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47
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Ganguli S, Chavali PL. Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:771557. [PMID: 34858132 PMCID: PMC8631423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.771557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine viral infections during pregnancy by pathogens such as Zika virus, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and Herpes Simplex virus can lead to prenatal as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental disorders. Although maternal viral infections are common during pregnancy, viruses rarely penetrate the trophoblast. When they do cross, viruses can cause adverse congenital health conditions for the fetus. In this context, maternal inflammatory responses to these neurotropic pathogens play a significant role in negatively affecting neurodevelopment. For instance, intrauterine inflammation poses an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders such as microcephaly, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy and epilepsy. Severe inflammatory responses have been linked to stillbirths, preterm births, abortions and microcephaly. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic basis of how immune system shapes the landscape of the brain and how different neurotropic viral pathogens evoke inflammatory responses. Finally, we list the consequences of neuroinflammation on fetal brain development and discuss directions for future research and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ganguli
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pavithra L Chavali
- CSIR-Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcCSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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48
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Dangarembizi R. Reimagining the future of African brain health: Perspectives for basic research on the pathogenesis of cryptococcal meningitis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100388. [PMID: 34825235 PMCID: PMC8605210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is a fatal opportunistic infection of the brain and a leading cause of neurological damage and death in immunocompromised individuals. This neglected fungal disease of the brain is a huge burden on the health systems of developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 25% of people living with HIV/AIDS succumb to it. Cryptococcal fungal cells have a predilection for the brain and they are capable of traversing the blood brain barrier and invade the brain where they cause infection, inflammation and a disruption of normal brain function. A robust host neuroimmune response is critical for pathogen clearance and survival, and a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying its development in the host is critical for the development of effective treatments. However, past basic research studies have been focussed on the characteristics of the fungus and its effect on the peripheral immune system; with little attention paid to how it interacts with brain immune cells. This mini review briefly discusses the paucity of basic research data on the neuroimmune response to cryptococcal infection, raises pertinent questions on how the brain cells respond to the fungal infection, and thereafter discusses models, techniques and advanced technologies that could be useful for carrying out high-throughput research on the pathogenesis of cryptococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dangarembizi
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- CMM AFRICA Medical Mycology Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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49
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Bohmwald K, Andrade CA, Gálvez NMS, Mora VP, Muñoz JT, Kalergis AM. The Causes and Long-Term Consequences of Viral Encephalitis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:755875. [PMID: 34916908 PMCID: PMC8668867 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.755875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports regarding brain inflammation, known as encephalitis, have shown an increasing frequency during the past years. Encephalitis is a relevant concern to public health due to its high morbidity and mortality. Infectious or autoimmune diseases are the most common cause of encephalitis. The clinical symptoms of this pathology can vary depending on the brain zone affected, with mild ones such as fever, headache, confusion, and stiff neck, or severe ones, such as seizures, weakness, hallucinations, and coma, among others. Encephalitis can affect individuals of all ages, but it is frequently observed in pediatric and elderly populations, and the most common causes are viral infections. Several viral agents have been described to induce encephalitis, such as arboviruses, rhabdoviruses, enteroviruses, herpesviruses, retroviruses, orthomyxoviruses, orthopneumovirus, and coronaviruses, among others. Once a neurotropic virus reaches the brain parenchyma, the resident cells such as neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, can be infected, promoting the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules and the subsequent immune cell infiltration that leads to brain damage. After resolving the viral infection, the local immune response can remain active, contributing to long-term neuropsychiatric disorders, neurocognitive impairment, and degenerative diseases. In this article, we will discuss how viruses can reach the brain, the impact of viral encephalitis on brain function, and we will focus especially on the neurocognitive sequelae reported even after viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina P. Mora
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José T. Muñoz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Alexis M. Kalergis, ;
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50
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Novianti E, Katsuura G, Kawamura N, Asakawa A, Inui A. Atractylenolide-III suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via downregulation of toll-like receptor 4 in mouse microglia. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08269. [PMID: 34765767 PMCID: PMC8569437 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylenolide-III (AIII), a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in the peripheral organs. However, its effects on brain inflammation remain elusive. The present study investigated the effects of AIII on the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse microglia and clarified the underlying mechanism. In this study, treatment of MG6 cells with AIII (100 μM) significantly decreased the mRNA expression and protein levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In addition, pretreatment of MG6 cells and primary cultured microglia cells with AIII (100 μM) significantly decreased the mRNA expression and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS (5 ng/mL) without cytotoxicity. Subsequently, pretreatment with AIII significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) after LPS stimulation in MG6 cells. These results showed that AIII downregulated TLR4 expression, leading to suppression of the p38 MAPK and JNK pathways, which in turn inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in LPS-stimulated microglia. Our findings, therefore, suggest the potential for AIII as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of brain inflammation, particularly in microglia-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Novianti
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.,Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Bogor Km 46, Jawa Barat, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Goro Katsuura
- Drug Discovery of Next-Generation GcMAF, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Namiko Kawamura
- Drug Discovery of Next-Generation GcMAF, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
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