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Smith CT, Wang Z, Lewis JS. Engineering antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of autoimmunity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115329. [PMID: 38729265 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are burdensome conditions that affect a significant fraction of the global population. The hallmark of autoimmune disease is a host's immune system being licensed to attack its tissues based on specific antigens. There are no cures for autoimmune diseases. The current clinical standard for treating autoimmune diseases is the administration of immunosuppressants, which weaken the immune system and reduce auto-inflammatory responses. However, people living with autoimmune diseases are subject to toxicity, fail to mount a sufficient immune response to protect against pathogens, and are more likely to develop infections. Therefore, there is a concerted effort to develop more effective means of targeting immunomodulatory therapies to antigen-presenting cells, which are involved in modulating the immune responses to specific antigens. In this review, we highlight approaches that are currently in development to target antigen-presenting cells and improve therapeutic outcomes in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton T Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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2
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Alipour S, Mardi A, Shajari N, Kazemi T, Sadeghi MR, Ahmadian Heris J, Masoumi J, Baradaran B. Unmasking the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmunity, cancer, and infectious conditions. Life Sci 2024; 348:122686. [PMID: 38710282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Proper and functional immune response requires a complex interaction between innate and adaptive immune cells, which dendritic cells (DCs) are the primary actors in this coordination as professional antigen-presenting cells. DCs are armed with numerous pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) like NLRP3, which influence the development of their activation state upon sensation of ligands. NLRP3 is a crucial component of the immune system for protection against tumors and infectious agents, because its activation leads to the assembly of inflammasomes that cause the formation of active caspase-1 and stimulate the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. But, when NLRP3 becomes overactivated, it plays a pathogenic role in the progression of several autoimmune disorders. So, NLRP3 activation is strictly regulated by diverse signaling pathways that are mentioned in detail in this review. Furthermore, the role of NLRP3 in all of the diverse immune cells' subsets is briefly mentioned in this study because NLRP3 plays a pivotal role in modulating other immune cells which are accompanied by DCs' responses and subsequently influence differentiation of T cells to diverse T helper subsets and even impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells' responses. This review sheds light on the functional and therapeutic role of NLRP3 in DCs and its contribution to the occurrence and progression of autoimmune disorders, prevention of diverse tumors' development, and recognition and annihilation of various infectious agents. Furthermore, we highlight NLRP3 targeting potential for improving DC-based immunotherapeutic approaches, to be used for the benefit of patients suffering from these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Alipour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Shajari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Masoumi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Kamal K, Richardsdotter-Andersson E, Dondalska A, Wahren-Herlenius M, Spetz AL. A Non-Coding Oligonucleotide Recruits Cutaneous CD11b + Cells that Inhibit Thelper Responses and Promote Tregs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400260. [PMID: 38896803 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Skin-resident antigen-presenting cells (APC) play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance via immune checkpoint proteins and induction of T regulatory cells (Tregs). However, there is a lack of knowledge on how to expand or recruit immunoregulatory cutaneous cells without causing inflammation. Here, it is shown that administration of a non-coding single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssON) leads to CCR2-dependent accumulation of CD45+CD11b+Ly6C+ cells in the skin that express substantial levels of PD-L1 and ILT3. Transcriptomic analyses of skin biopsies reveal the upregulation of key immunosuppressive genes after ssON administration. Functionally, the cutaneous CD11b+ cells inhibit Th1/2/9 responses and promote the induction of CD4+FoxP3+ T-cells. In addition, ssON treatment of imiquimod-induced inflammation results in significantly reduced Th17 responses. It is also shown that induction of IL-10 production in the presence of cutaneous CD11b+ cells isolated after ssON administrations is partly PD-L1 dependent. Altogether, an immunomodulatory ssON is identified that can be used therapeutically to recruit cutaneous CD11b+ cells with the capacity to dampen Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahkashan Kamal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Elina Richardsdotter-Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18, L8, Solna, SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Dondalska
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18, L8, Solna, SE-171 76, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Spetz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
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Van Der Byl W, Nüssing S, Peters TJ, Ahn A, Li H, Ledergor G, David E, Koh AS, Wagle MV, Deguit CDT, de Menezes MN, Travers A, Sampurno S, Ramsbottom KM, Li R, Kallies A, Beavis PA, Jungmann R, Bastings MMC, Belz GT, Goel S, Trapani JA, Crabtree GR, Chang HY, Amit I, Goodnow CC, Luciani F, Parish IA. The CD8 + T cell tolerance checkpoint triggers a distinct differentiation state defined by protein translation defects. Immunity 2024; 57:1324-1344.e8. [PMID: 38776918 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance is a checkpoint in both autoimmune disease and anti-cancer immunity. Despite its importance, the relationship between tolerance-induced states and other CD8+ T cell differentiation states remains unclear. Using flow cytometric phenotyping, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and chromatin accessibility profiling, we demonstrated that in vivo peripheral tolerance to a self-antigen triggered a fundamentally distinct differentiation state separate from exhaustion, memory, and functional effector cells but analogous to cells defectively primed against tumors. Tolerant cells diverged early and progressively from effector cells, adopting a transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct state within 60 h of antigen encounter. Breaching tolerance required the synergistic actions of strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and inflammation, which cooperatively induced gene modules that enhanced protein translation. Weak TCR signaling during bystander infection failed to breach tolerance due to the uncoupling of effector gene expression from protein translation. Thus, tolerance engages a distinct differentiation trajectory enforced by protein translation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem Van Der Byl
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hanjie Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Guy Ledergor
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrew S Koh
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayura V Wagle
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Maria N de Menezes
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Avraham Travers
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shienny Sampurno
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly M Ramsbottom
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- The Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shom Goel
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- The Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ian A Parish
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Yang S, Li A, Lv L, Duan J, Zheng Z, Zhuo W, Min J, Wei J. Identification and Validation of Nicotinamide Metabolism-Related Gene Signatures as a Novel Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:423-438. [PMID: 38827823 PMCID: PMC11143992 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s464709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nicotinamide (NAM+) regulates redox and metabolic activities in the mitochondria. The intention of the research was to identify key genes that relate to nicotinamide in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Relevant clinical information were collected as well as RNA-seq data using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential analysis was used to discover the genes that were differently expressed. On the key genes associated with NAM, functional enrichment analysis was carried out. Next, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and prognosis Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curve analyses were used to evaluate the importance of important gene expression, respectively. The immune cell signatures were estimated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, the anticancer impact of NAM on HCC was experimentally confirmed, and important genes NADSYN1 and NT5C were validated at the protein level in clinical specimens. Results Six prognostic key genes (NAXE, NADSYN1, NT5C, NT5C3A, PNP and NT5E) were identified. There is an association between the level of key gene expression and the clinical prognosis. Four key genes (NAXE, NADSYN1, NT5C and NT5C3A) have statistical significance of survival prognosis. Finally, the expression of NAM-related genes and the inhibitory effect of NAM on HCC were verified by experiments. Conclusion The study first found some Nicotinamide metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (NMRDEGs) that are related to HCC can contribute to predicting survival and monitoring the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Lv
- Clinical Trial Institution of Pharmaceuticals, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Zhuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University 528406 Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Min
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of China
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Idel C, Fleckner J, Plötze-Martin K, Werner L, Rades D, Theodoraki MN, Hofmann L, Huber D, Leichtle A, Hoffmann TK, Bruchhage KL, Pries R. Partial recovery of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients upon radio(chemo)therapy is associated with decreased plasma CXCL11. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:459. [PMID: 38609887 PMCID: PMC11015641 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy are the standard treatment options and also have great influence on the composition of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell functions. However, the impact of radio(chemo)therapy on the distribution and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets in HNSCC are not fully understood. METHODS Expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors CD11a (integrin-α L; LFA-1), CD11b (integrin-α M; Mac-1), CD11c (integrin-α X), CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) were investigated upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment using flow cytometry. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of plasma cytokines was performed before and after treatment using ELISA measurements. RESULTS Our data reveal a partial recovery of circulating monocytes in HNSCC patients upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment, with differential effects of the individual therapy regimen. PD-L1 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlates with the individual plasma levels of chemokine CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11). CONCLUSIONS Further comprehensive investigations on larger patient cohorts are required to elucidate the meaningfulness of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and chemokine CXCL11 as potential bioliquid indicators in HNSCC with regard to therapy response and the individual immunological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Idel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Jonas Fleckner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Kirstin Plötze-Martin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Lotte Werner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Hofmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Diana Huber
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, 89075, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Ralph Pries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, 23538, Germany.
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Maurer K, Antin JH. The graft versus leukemia effect: donor lymphocyte infusions and cellular therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328858. [PMID: 38558819 PMCID: PMC10978651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative therapy for many hematologic malignancies as well as non-malignant conditions. Part of the curative basis underlying HSCT for hematologic malignancies relies upon induction of the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect in which donor immune cells recognize and eliminate residual malignant cells within the recipient, thereby maintaining remission. GVL is a clinically evident phenomenon; however, specific cell types responsible for inducing this effect and molecular mechanisms involved remain largely undefined. One of the best examples of GVL is observed after donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI), an established therapy for relapsed disease or incipient/anticipated relapse. DLI involves infusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the original HSCT donor into the recipient. Sustained remission can be observed in 20-80% of patients treated with DLI depending upon the underlying disease and the intrinsic burden of targeted cells. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge about mechanisms of GVL after DLI, experimental strategies for augmenting GVL by manipulation of DLI (e.g. neoantigen vaccination, specific cell type selection/depletion) and research outlook for improving DLI and cellular immunotherapies for hematologic malignancies through better molecular definition of the GVL effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph H. Antin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Xi X, Zhao W. Anti-Tumor Potential of Post-Translational Modifications of PD-1. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2119-2132. [PMID: 38534752 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a vital immune checkpoint molecule. The location, stability, and protein-protein interaction of PD-1 are significantly influenced by post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. The biological information of PD-1, including its gene and protein structures and the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, was briefly reviewed in this review. Additionally, recent research on PD-1 post-translational modification, including the study of ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation, was summarized, and research strategies for PD-1 PTM drugs were concluded. At present, only a part of PD-1/PD-L1 treated patients (35-45%) are benefited from immunotherapies, and novel strategies targeting PTM of PD-1/PD-L1 may be important for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 non-responders (poor responders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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9
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Qi Y, Si H, Jin X, Guo Y, Xia J, He J, Deng X, Deng M, Yao W, Hao C. Expression levels of key immune indicators and immune checkpoints in manganese-exposed rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116029. [PMID: 38290312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Manganese is essential trace elements, to participate in the body a variety of biochemical reactions, has important physiological functions, such as stimulate the immune cell proliferation, strengthen the cellular immunity, etc. However, excessive manganese exposure can cause damage to multiple systems of the body.The immune system is extremely vulnerable to external toxicants, however manganese research on the immune system are inadequate and biomarkers are lacking. Therefore, here we applied a manganese-exposed rat model to make preliminary observations on the immunotoxic effects of manganese. We found that manganese exposure inhibited humoral immune function in rats by decreasing peripheral blood IgG (ImmunoglobulinG, IgG), IgM (ImmunoglobulinM, IgM) and complement C3 levels; It also regulates rat cellular immune activity by influencing peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus T cell numbers and immune organ ICs (Immune Checkpoints, ICs) and cytokine expression. Furthermore, it was revealed that the impact of manganese exposure on the immune function of rats exhibited a correlation with both the dosage and duration of exposure. Notably, prolonged exposure to high doses of manganese had the most pronounced influence on rat immune function, primarily manifesting as immunosuppression.The above findings suggest that manganese exposure leads to impaired immune function and related changes in immune indicators, or may provide clues for the discovery of its biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Huifang Si
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China; Prevention and Infection Control Section, Xi'an Union Hospital, 710199 Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450015 Henan, China
| | - Yonghua Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Jiarui Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Xuedan Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China.
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Henan, China.
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10
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Little CJ, Kim SC, Fechner JH, Post J, Coonen J, Chlebeck P, Winslow M, Kobuzi D, Strober S, Kaufman DB. Early allogeneic immune modulation after establishment of donor hematopoietic cell-induced mixed chimerism in a nonhuman primate kidney transplant model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343616. [PMID: 38318170 PMCID: PMC10839019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism is a proven strategy for achieving operational transplant tolerance, though the underlying immunologic mechanisms are incompletely understood. Methods A post-transplant, non-myeloablative, tomotherapy-based total lymphoid (TLI) irradiation protocol combined with anti-thymocyte globulin and T cell co-stimulatory blockade (belatacept) induction was applied to a 3-5 MHC antigen mismatched rhesus macaque kidney and hematopoietic cell transplant model. Mechanistic investigations of early (60 days post-transplant) allogeneic immune modulation induced by mixed chimerism were conducted. Results Chimeric animals demonstrated expansion of circulating and graft-infiltrating CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as increased differentiation of allo-protective CD8+ T cell phenotypes compared to naïve and non-chimeric animals. In vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responses and donor-specific antibody production were suppressed in animals with mixed chimerism. PD-1 upregulation was observed among CD8+ T effector memory (CD28-CD95+) subsets in chimeric hosts only. PD-1 blockade in donor-specific functional assays augmented MLR and cytotoxic responses and was associated with increased intracellular granzyme B and extracellular IFN-γ production. Conclusions These studies demonstrated that donor immune cell engraftment was associated with early immunomodulation via mechanisms of homeostatic expansion of Tregs and early PD-1 upregulation among CD8+ T effector memory cells. These responses may contribute to TLI-based mixed chimerism-induced allogenic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Little
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven C. Kim
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John H. Fechner
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jen Post
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer Coonen
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter Chlebeck
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Max Winslow
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dennis Kobuzi
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samuel Strober
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Dixon B. Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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11
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Janssens S, Rennen S, Agostinis P. Decoding immunogenic cell death from a dendritic cell perspective. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:350-370. [PMID: 38093416 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid cells bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. By cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) liberated upon spontaneous or therapy-induced tumor cell death to T cells, DCs occupy a pivotal position in the cancer immunity cycle. Over the last decades, the mechanisms linking cancer cell death to DC maturation, have been the focus of intense research. Growing evidence supports the concept that the mere transfer of TAAs during the process of cell death is insufficient to drive immunogenic DC maturation unless this process is coupled with the release of immunomodulatory signals by dying cancer cells. Malignant cells succumbing to a regulated cell death variant called immunogenic cell death (ICD), foster a proficient interface with DCs, enabling their immunogenic maturation and engagement of adaptive immunity against cancer. This property relies on the ability of ICD to exhibit pathogen-mimicry hallmarks and orchestrate the emission of a spectrum of constitutively present or de novo-induced danger signals, collectively known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we discuss how DCs perceive and decode danger signals emanating from malignant cells undergoing ICD and provide an outlook of the major signaling and functional consequences of this interaction for DCs and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Chen Y, Guo DZ, Zhu CL, Ren SC, Sun CY, Wang Y, Wang JF. The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323797. [PMID: 38193090 PMCID: PMC10773890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-zhi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Hayashi T, Lim KRQ, Kovacs A, Mann DL. Recurrent Adrenergic Stress Provokes Persistent Myocarditis in PD-1-Deficient Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1503-1517. [PMID: 38205352 PMCID: PMC10774592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
It is unclear how the immune system initiates effective tissue repair responses without also simultaneously activating adaptive immune responses to self-antigens released by damaged or necrotic cells. We studied the role of repetitive adrenergic mediated stress on cardiac injury wild-type and programmed death-1-deficient (PD-1-/-) mice treated with 3 intraperitoneal low doses of isoproterenol followed by an intraperitoneal injection of high-dose ISO 7 days later (ISOprimed/ISOinjury). Repetitive adrenergic stress in ISOprimed/ISOinjury PD-1-/- mice resulted in a persistent dysregulated myocardial inflammatory response characterized by the expansion of autoreactive effector CD8+ T cells, increased cardiac hypertrophy, mild left ventricular dysfunction, and increased lethality when compared with ISOprimed/ISOinjury wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hayashi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Community Medicine and Career Development, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenji Rowel Q. Lim
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Singh S, Gouri V, Samant M. TGF-β in correlation with tumor progression, immunosuppression and targeted therapy in colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:335. [PMID: 37855975 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex malignancy responsible for the second-highest cancer deaths worldwide. TGF-β maintains normal cellular homeostasis by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, but its elevated level is correlated with colorectal cancer progression, as TGF-β is a master regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, a critical step of metastasis. Tumors, including CRC, use elevated TGF-β levels to avoid immune surveillance by modulating immune cell differentiation, proliferation, and effector function. Presently, the treatment of advanced CRC is mainly based on chemotherapy, with multiple adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to develop alternate tactics because CRC continue to be mostly resistant to the present therapeutic regimen. TGF-β blockade has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Blocking TGF-β with phytochemicals and other molecules, such as antisense oligonucleotides, monoclonal antibodies, and bifunctional traps, alone or in combination, may be a safer and more effective way to treat CRC. Furthermore, combination immunotherapy comprising TGF-β blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors is gaining popularity because both molecules work synergistically to suppress the immune system. Here, we summarize the current understanding of TGF-β as a therapeutic target for managing CRC and its context-dependent tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Singh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vinita Gouri
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Samant
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Soban Singh Jeena University, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Wang W, Li X, Ding X, Xiong S, Hu Z, Lu X, Zhang K, Zhang H, Hu Q, Lai KS, Chen Z, Yang J, Song H, Wang Y, Wei L, Xia Z, Zhou B, He Y, Pu J, Liu X, Ke R, Wu T, Huang C, Baldini A, Zhang M, Zhang Z. Lymphatic endothelial transcription factor Tbx1 promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment to facilitate post-myocardial infarction repair. Immunity 2023; 56:2342-2357.e10. [PMID: 37625409 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The heart is an autoimmune-prone organ. It is crucial for the heart to keep injury-induced autoimmunity in check to avoid autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disease. However, little is known about how injury-induced autoimmunity is constrained in hearts. Here, we reveal an unknown intramyocardial immunosuppressive program driven by Tbx1, a DiGeorge syndrome disease gene that encodes a T-box transcription factor (TF). We found induced profound lymphangiogenic and immunomodulatory gene expression changes in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) after myocardial infarction (MI). The activated LECs penetrated the infarcted area and functioned as intramyocardial immune hubs to increase the numbers of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) and regulatory T (Treg) cells through the chemokine Ccl21 and integrin Icam1, thereby inhibiting the expansion of autoreactive CD8+ T cells and promoting reparative macrophage expansion to facilitate post-MI repair. Mimicking its timing and implementation may be an additional approach to treating autoimmunity-mediated cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Gene Editing Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoning Ding
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shanshan Xiong
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenlei Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Silver Snake (Shanghai) Medical Science and Technique Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Kaa Seng Lai
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhongxiang Chen
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hejie Song
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu Wei
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zeyang Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yulong He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rongqin Ke
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovative Center of Intelligent Medical Device and Active Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Antonio Baldini
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "ABT," CNR, Naples 80131, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Min Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute and Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovative Center of Intelligent Medical Device and Active Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
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16
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Nabi N, Singh S, Saffeullah P. An updated review on distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of artemisinin: A wonder drug. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113798. [PMID: 37517615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based drugs have been used for centuries for treating different ailments. Malaria, one of the prevalent threats in many parts of the world, is treated mainly by artemisinin-based drugs derived from plants of genus Artemisia. However, the distribution of artemisinin is restricted to a few species of the genus; besides, its yield depends on ontogeny and the plant's geographical location. Here, we review the studies focusing on biosynthesis and distributional pattern of artemisinin production in species of the genus Artemisia. We also discussed various agronomic and in vitro methods and molecular approaches to increase the yield of artemisinin. We have summarized different mechanisms of artemisinin involved in its anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities (like against Covid-19). Overall the current review provides a synopsis of a global view of the distribution of artemisinin, its biosynthesis, and pharmacological potential in treating various diseases like malaria, cancer, and coronavirus, which may provoke future research efforts in drug development. Nevertheless, long-term trials and molecular approaches, like CRISPR-Cas, are required for in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelofer Nabi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Peer Saffeullah
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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17
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Ren Q, Li Q, Shao C, Zhang P, Hu Z, Li J, Wang W, Yu Y. Establishing a prognostic model based on immune-related genes and identification of BIRC5 as a potential biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:897. [PMID: 37741993 PMCID: PMC10517491 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is an extraordinarily malignant tumor, with rapidly increasing morbidity and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has emerged as a hopeful therapeutic modality for lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, a prognostic model (based on immune genes) can fulfill the purpose of early diagnosis and accurate prognostic prediction. METHODS Immune-related mRNAs (IRmRNAs) were utilized to construct a prognostic model that sorted patients into high- and low-risk groups. Then, the prediction efficacy of our model was evaluated using a nomogram. The differences in overall survival (OS), the tumor mutation landscape, and the tumor microenvironment were further explored between different risk groups. In addition, the immune genes comprising the prognostic model were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the expression of these immune genes in different cells. Finally, the functions of BIRC5 were validated through in vitro experiments. RESULTS Patients in different risk groups exhibited sharply significant variations in OS, pathway activity, immune cell infiltration, mutation patterns, and immune response. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that the expression level of BIRC5 was significantly high in T cells. Cell experiments further revealed that BIRC5 knockdown markedly reduced LUAD cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This model can function as an instrumental variable in the prognostic, molecular, and therapeutic prediction of LUAD, shedding new light on the optimal clinical practice guidelines for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhe Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenye Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shuyang First People's Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Damo M, Hornick NI, Venkat A, William I, Clulo K, Venkatesan S, He J, Fagerberg E, Loza JL, Kwok D, Tal A, Buck J, Cui C, Singh J, Damsky WE, Leventhal JS, Krishnaswamy S, Joshi NS. PD-1 maintains CD8 T cell tolerance towards cutaneous neoantigens. Nature 2023; 619:151-159. [PMID: 37344588 PMCID: PMC10989189 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral T cell repertoire of healthy individuals contains self-reactive T cells1,2. Checkpoint receptors such as PD-1 are thought to enable the induction of peripheral tolerance by deletion or anergy of self-reactive CD8 T cells3-10. However, this model is challenged by the high frequency of immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer who have been treated with checkpoint inhibitors11. Here we developed a mouse model in which skin-specific expression of T cell antigens in the epidermis caused local infiltration of antigen-specific CD8 T cells with an effector gene-expression profile. In this setting, PD-1 enabled the maintenance of skin tolerance by preventing tissue-infiltrating antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells from (1) acquiring a fully functional, pathogenic differentiation state, (2) secreting significant amounts of effector molecules, and (3) gaining access to epidermal antigen-expressing cells. In the absence of PD-1, epidermal antigen-expressing cells were eliminated by antigen-specific CD8 T cells, resulting in local pathology. Transcriptomic analysis of skin biopsies from two patients with cutaneous lichenoid immune-related adverse events showed the presence of clonally expanded effector CD8 T cells in both lesional and non-lesional skin. Thus, our data support a model of peripheral T cell tolerance in which PD-1 allows antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells to co-exist with antigen-expressing cells in tissues without immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah I Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aarthi Venkat
- Departments of Genetics and of Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ivana William
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn Clulo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Srividhya Venkatesan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiaming He
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Loza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Darwin Kwok
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aya Tal
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Buck
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaiveer Singh
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William E Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan S Leventhal
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Departments of Genetics and of Computer Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Liu D, Peng Y, Li X, Zhu Z, Mi Z, Zhang Z, Fan H. Comprehensive landscape of TGFβ-related signature in osteosarcoma for predicting prognosis, immune characteristics, and therapeutic response. J Bone Oncol 2023; 40:100484. [PMID: 37234254 PMCID: PMC10205544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2023.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly heterogeneous malignant bone tumor, and its tendency to metastasize leads to a poor prognosis. TGFβ is an important regulator in the tumor microenvironment and is closely associated with the progression of various types of cancer. However, the role of TGFβ-related genes in OS is still unclear. In this study, we identified 82 TGFβ DEGs based on RNA-seq data from the TARGET and GETx databases and classified OS patients into two TGFβ subtypes. The KM curve showed that the Cluster 2 patients had a substantially poorer prognosis than the Cluster 1 patients. Subsequently, a novel TGFβ prognostic signatures (MYC and BMP8B) were developed based on the results of univariate, LASSO, and multifactorial Cox analyses. These signatures showed robust and reliable predictive performance for the prognosis of OS in the training and validation cohorts. To predict the three-year and five-year survival rate of OS, a nomogram that integrated clinical features and risk scores was also developed. The GSEA analysis showed that the different subgroups analyzed had distinct functions, particularly, the low-risk group was associated with high immune activity and a high infiltration abundance of CD8 T cells. Moreover, our results indicated that low-risk cases had higher sensitivity to immunotherapy, while high-risk cases were more sensitive to sorafenib and axitinib. scRNA-Seq analysis further revealed that MYC and BMP8B were strongly expressed mainly in tumor stromal cells. Finally, in this study, we confirmed the expression of MYC and BMP8B by performing qPCR, WB, and IHC analyses. To conclude, we developed and validated a TGFβ-related signature to accurately predict the prognosis of OS. Our findings might contribute to personalized treatment and making better clinical decisions for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ye Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhenzhou Mi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hongbin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xi-jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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20
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Jirmo AC, Grychtol R, Gaedcke S, Liu B, DeStefano S, Happle C, Halle O, Monteiro JT, Habener A, Breiholz OD, DeLuca D, Hansen G. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct clusters of Irf8-expressing pulmonary conventional dendritic cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1127485. [PMID: 37251386 PMCID: PMC10213693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A single population of interferon-regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-dependent conventional dendritic cell (cDC type1) is considered to be responsible for both immunogenic and tolerogenic responses depending on the surrounding cytokine milieu. Here, we challenge this concept of an omnipotent single Irf8-dependent cDC1 cluster through analysis of pulmonary cDCs at single cell resolution. We report existence of a pulmonary cDC1 cluster lacking Xcr1 with an immunogenic signature that clearly differs from the Xcr1 positive cDC1 cluster. The Irf8+Batf3+Xcr1- cluster expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory genes associated with antigen presentation, migration and co-stimulation such as Ccr7, Cd74, MHC-II, Ccl5, Il12b and Relb while, the Xcr1+ cDC1 cluster expresses genes corresponding to immune tolerance mechanisms like Clec9a, Pbx1, Cadm1, Btla and Clec12a. In concordance with their pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, the ratio of Xcr1- cDC1s but not Xcr1+cDC1 is increased in the lungs of allergen-treated mice compared to the control group, in which both cDC1 clusters are present in comparable ratios. The existence of two distinct Xcr1+ and Xcr1- cDC1 clusters is furthermore supported by velocity analysis showing markedly different temporal patterns of Xcr1- and Xcr1+cDC1s. In summary, we present evidence for the existence of two different cDC1 clusters with distinct immunogenic profiles in vivo. Our findings have important implications for DC-targeting immunomodulatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Gaedcke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Bin Liu
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie DeStefano
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Halle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Joao T. Monteiro
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Resolving Infection Susceptibility RESIST (EXC 2155), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver D. Breiholz
- Research Core Unit Genomics (RCUG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David DeLuca
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Resolving Infection Susceptibility RESIST (EXC 2155), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Bosteels V, Maréchal S, De Nolf C, Rennen S, Maelfait J, Tavernier SJ, Vetters J, Van De Velde E, Fayazpour F, Deswarte K, Lamoot A, Van Duyse J, Martens L, Bosteels C, Roelandt R, Emmaneel A, Van Gassen S, Boon L, Van Isterdael G, Guillas I, Vandamme N, Höglinger D, De Geest BG, Le Goff W, Saeys Y, Ravichandran KS, Lambrecht BN, Janssens S. LXR signaling controls homeostatic dendritic cell maturation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd3955. [PMID: 37172103 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) mature in an immunogenic or tolerogenic manner depending on the context in which an antigen is perceived, preserving the balance between immunity and tolerance. Whereas the pathways driving immunogenic maturation in response to infectious insults are well-characterized, the signals that drive tolerogenic maturation during homeostasis are still poorly understood. We found that the engulfment of apoptotic cells triggered homeostatic maturation of type 1 conventional DCs (cDC1s) within the spleen. This maturation process could be mimicked by engulfment of empty, nonadjuvanted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), was marked by intracellular accumulation of cholesterol, and was highly specific to cDC1s. Engulfment of either apoptotic cells or cholesterol-rich LNPs led to the activation of the liver X receptor (LXR) pathway, which promotes the efflux of cellular cholesterol, and repressed genes associated with immunogenic maturation. In contrast, simultaneous engagement of TLR3 to mimic viral infection via administration of poly(I:C)-adjuvanted LNPs repressed the LXR pathway, thus delaying cellular cholesterol efflux and inducing genes that promote T cell-mediated immunity. These data demonstrate that conserved cellular cholesterol efflux pathways are differentially regulated in tolerogenic versus immunogenic cDC1s and suggest that administration of nonadjuvanted cholesterol-rich LNPs may be an approach for inducing tolerogenic DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Bosteels
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Maréchal
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clint De Nolf
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Maelfait
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon J Tavernier
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Primary Immune Deficiency Research Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Vetters
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van De Velde
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Van Duyse
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Flow Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Martens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cédric Bosteels
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Roelandt
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Emmaneel
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Van Isterdael
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Flow Core, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Guillas
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
| | - Doris Höglinger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), UMR_S1166, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Anindya R, Rutter GA, Meur G. New-onset type 1 diabetes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:191-203. [PMID: 36529987 PMCID: PMC9877852 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin. Loss of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells is one of the many causes of T1D. Viral infections have long been associated with new-onset T1D and the balance between virulence and host immunity determines whether the viral infection would lead to T1D. Herein, we detail the dynamic interaction of pancreatic β cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the host immune system with respect to new-onset T1D. Importantly, β cells express the crucial entry receptors and multiple studies confirmed that β cells are infected by SARS-CoV-2. Innate immune system effectors, such as natural killer cells, can eliminate such infected β cells. Although CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells provide immune tolerance to prevent the destruction of the islet β-cell population by autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells, it can be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 infection may compromise self-tolerance by depleting TREG -cell numbers or diminishing TREG -cell functions by repressing Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression. However, the expansion of β cells by self-duplication, and regeneration from progenitor cells, could effectively replace lost β cells. Appearance of islet autoantibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in a few cases, which could imply a breakdown of immune tolerance in the pancreatic islets. However, many of the cases with newly diagnosed autoimmune response following SARS-CoV-2 infection also presented with significantly high HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) levels that indicated progression of an already set diabetes, rather than new-onset T1D. Here we review the potential underlying mechanisms behind loss of functional β-cell mass as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can trigger new-onset T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore City, Singapore.,Centre of Research of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gargi Meur
- ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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23
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Shi YY, Chen XL, Chen QX, Yang YZ, Zhou M, Ren YX, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Association of Enolase-1 with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer by Clinical Stage. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:493-503. [PMID: 36785715 PMCID: PMC9922065 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s396321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enolase-1 (ENO1) plays a key role in malignancies. Previous studies on the association between ENO1 expression and breast cancer prognosis had yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we assessed the prognostic effect of ENO1 in breast cancer using Guangzhou Breast Cancer Study (GZBCS) cohort with full consideration of the potential confounders and the modification effects. The results were further validated in the TCGA-BRCA cohort and explained by tumor immunity. Methods ENO1 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays from 961 patients with primary invasive breast cancer. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association of ENO1 levels with the patient's characteristics. Cox regression models were applied to assess the prognostic effects. The TCGA-BRCA cohort was utilized to validate the results and explore the potential mechanisms. The immune infiltration was determined using the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms; the correlation between ENO1 expression and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and scores of immune-related functions was evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman's rank test. Results ENO1 protein expression exerted a protective effect on OS in stage I/II patients (HR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.96) but not in stage III patients (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.81-2.49, P interaction=0.04) in GZBCS; consistent results were obtained at mRNA levels in TCGA cohort. Immune infiltration analyses revealed that ENO1 was positively correlated with multiple antitumor TIICs (including M1 macrophages, B cells, CD8 T cells, T helper 2 cells, and NK cells) only in stage I/II but not stage III patients. Conclusion A higher expression of ENO1 was associated with a better prognosis only in early-stage breast cancer, which may be related to the different effects of ENO1 on immune infiltration, suggesting that ENO1 may be a promising target for precision immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Shi
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- The Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Lu-Ying Tang, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-85253000, Fax +86-20-85253336, Email
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ze-Fang Ren, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-20-87332577, Email
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24
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Jin R, Hao J, Yu J, Wang P, Sauter ER, Li B. Role of FABP5 in T Cell Lipid Metabolism and Function in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:657. [PMID: 36765614 PMCID: PMC9913835 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To evade immune surveillance, tumors develop a hostile microenvironment that inhibits anti-tumor immunity. Recent immunotherapy breakthroughs that target the reinvigoration of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) have led to unprecedented success in treating some cancers that are resistant to conventional therapy, suggesting that T cells play a pivotal role in anti-tumor immunity. In the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), activated T cells are known to mainly rely on aerobic glycolysis to facilitate their proliferation and anti-tumor function. However, TILs usually exhibit an exhausted phenotype and impaired anti-tumor activity due to the limited availability of key nutrients (e.g., glucose) in the TME. Given that different T cell subsets have unique metabolic pathways which determine their effector function, this review introduces our current understanding of T cell development, activation signals and metabolic pathways. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) expression in T cells regulates T cell lipid metabolism and function. We highlight how FABP5 regulates fatty acid uptake and oxidation, thus shaping the survival and function of different T cell subsets in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jianyu Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Edward R. Sauter
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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25
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Li T, Han L, Ma S, Lin W, Ba X, Yan J, Huang Y, Tu S, Qin K. Interaction of gut microbiota with the tumor microenvironment: A new strategy for antitumor treatment and traditional Chinese medicine in colorectal cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1140325. [PMID: 36950522 PMCID: PMC10025541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1140325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC has attracted increasing attention from researchers. Studies reported that changes in the composition of gut microbiota, such as increase in the number of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter hepaticus, impair the immune surveillance by affecting the intestinal mucosal immunity and increase the risk of tumor initiation and progression. The tumor microenvironment is the soil for tumor survival. Close contacts between gut microbiota and the tumor microenvironment may directly affect the progression of tumors and efficacy of antitumor drugs, thus influencing the prognosis of patients with CRC. Recently, many studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine can safely and effectively improve the efficacy of antitumor drugs, potentially through remodeling of the tumor microenvironment by regulated gut microbiota. This article describes the effect of gut microbiota on the tumor microenvironment and possible mechanisms concerning the initiation and progression of CRC, and summarizes the potential role of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Ma
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiji Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Ba
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Yan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Qin,
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26
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Krieg C, Weber LM, Fosso B, Marzano M, Hardiman G, Olcina MM, Domingo E, El Aidy S, Mallah K, Robinson MD, Guglietta S. Complement downregulation promotes an inflammatory signature that renders colorectal cancer susceptible to immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004717. [PMID: 36137652 PMCID: PMC9511657 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of inflammatory immune responses in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and response to therapy is a matter of intense debate. While inflammation is a known driver of CRC, inflammatory immune infiltrates are a positive prognostic factor in CRC and predispose to response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Unfortunately, over 85% of CRC cases are primarily unresponsive to ICB due to the absence of an immune infiltrate, and even the cases that show an initial immune infiltration can become refractory to ICB. The identification of therapy supportive immune responses in the field has been partially hindered by the sparsity of suitable mouse models to recapitulate the human disease. In this study, we aimed to understand how the dysregulation of the complement anaphylatoxin C3a receptor (C3aR), observed in subsets of patients with CRC, affects the immune responses, the development of CRC, and response to ICB therapy. METHODS We use a comprehensive approach encompassing analysis of publicly available human CRC datasets, inflammation-driven and newly generated spontaneous mouse models of CRC, and multiplatform high-dimensional analysis of immune responses using microbiota sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry. RESULTS We found that patients' regulation of the complement C3aR is associated with epigenetic modifications. Specifically, downregulation of C3ar1 in human CRC promotes a tumor microenvironment characterized by the accumulation of innate and adaptive immune cells that support antitumor immunity. In addition, in vivo studies in our newly generated mouse model revealed that the lack of C3a in the colon activates a microbiota-mediated proinflammatory program which promotes the development of tumors with an immune signature that renders them responsive to the ICB therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that C3aR may act as a previously unrecognized checkpoint to enhance antitumor immunity in CRC. C3aR can thus be exploited to overcome ICB resistance in a larger group of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Krieg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center Charleston, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lukas M Weber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Monica M Olcina
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford, UK
| | - Sahar El Aidy
- Host-microbe Metabolic Interactions, Microbiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Khalil Mallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Hollings Cancer Center Charleston, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Guo J, Yang Q, Wei S, Shao J, Zhao T, Guo L, Liu J, Chen J, Wang G. Low expression of PRDM5 predicts poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:745. [PMID: 35799142 PMCID: PMC9264607 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of the PRDM5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been revealed. This study investigated the relationship between PRDM5 expression and survival outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and explored the mechanism in tumor development. Methods In present study, expression of PRDM5 mRNA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients was conducted using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The expression of PRDM5 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis was performed to analyze the survival outcome and independent predictive factors. qRT-PCR and Methylation-specific PCR were performed to identify the mRNA level of PRDM5 and Methylation rate. Cibersort algorithm to analyze the relationship between PRDM5 expression and immune cell invasion. Western-blot was performed to confirm the expression of esophageal tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. Results The TCGA database and GEO database show that PRDM5 mRNA level in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma adjacent tissues was higher than that of cancer tissues, and ESCC patients with high expression of PRDM5 mRNA had better overall survival. Tissue microarray showed that the protein level of PRDM5 in the adjacent tissues of patients with ESCC was higher than that in cancer tissues, and the expression level of PRDM5 was significantly correlated with the grade of clinicopathological characteristics (P < 0.001). Patients with high expression of PRDM5 displayed a better OS and DFS. Cox regression analysis showed that PRDM5 was an independent risk factor and prognostic factor for ESCC patients (HR: 2.626, 95%CI: 1.824–3.781; P < 0.001). The protein level of PRDM5 matched with the transcriptional level, whereas the DNA methylation affected the transcriptional level. Cibersort showed that T cells CD4 memory resting, mast cells resting, eosinophils, M2 macrophages and mast cells activated were significantly positively correlated with PRDM5 expression (P < 0.05), while regulatory T cells, monocytes and dendritic cells negatively correlated with PRDM5 expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion PRDM5 can be used as a biomarker to predict the survival of ESCC patients. Furthermore, PRDM5 expression in ESCC cells may affect WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, thus further affect the ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09787-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxing Yang
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianye Zhao
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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28
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Scheib N, Tiemann J, Becker C, Probst HC, Raker VK, Steinbrink K. The Dendritic Cell Dilemma in the Skin: Between Tolerance and Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929000. [PMID: 35837386 PMCID: PMC9275407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are uniquely capable of initiating and directing immune responses. The range of their activities grounds in the heterogeneity of DC subsets and their functional plasticity. Numerical and functional DC changes influence the development and progression of disease, and correction of such dysregulations has the potential to treat disease causally. In this review, we discuss the major advances in our understanding of the regulation of DC lineage formation, differentiation, and function in the skin. We describe the alteration of DC in disease as well as possibilities for therapeutic reprogramming with a focus on tolerogenic DC. Because regulatory T cells (Treg) are indispensable partners of DC in the induction and control of tolerance, we pay special attention to the interactions with these cells. Above all, we would like to arouse fascination for this cell type and its therapeutic potential in skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Scheib
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Tiemann
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Katharina Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Katharina Raker,
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany
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29
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Belyaeva IV, Kosova AN, Vasiliev AG. Tuberculosis and Autoimmunity. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:298-318. [PMID: 35736650 PMCID: PMC9228380 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a common and dangerous chronic bacterial infection worldwide. It is long-established that pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases is mainly promoted by inadequate immune responses to bacterial agents, among them Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a multifaceted process having many different outcomes and complications. Autoimmunity is one of the processes characteristic of tuberculosis; the presence of autoantibodies was documented by a large amount of evidence. The role of autoantibodies in pathogenesis of tuberculosis is not quite clear and widely disputed. They are regarded as: (1) a result of imbalanced immune response being reactive in nature, (2) a critical part of TB pathogenicity, (3) a beginning of autoimmune disease, (4) a protective mechanism helping to eliminate microbes and infected cells, and (5) playing dual role, pathogenic and protective. There is no single autoimmunity-mechanism development in tuberculosis; different pathways may be suggested. It may be excessive cell death and insufficient clearance of dead cells, impaired autophagy, enhanced activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, environmental influences such as vitamin D insufficiency, and genetic polymorphism, both of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host.
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30
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Mahadik R, Kiptoo P, Tolbert T, Siahaan TJ. Immune Modulation by Antigenic Peptides and Antigenic Peptide Conjugates for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. MEDICAL RESEARCH ARCHIVES 2022; 10:10.18103/mra.v10i5.2804. [PMID: 36381196 PMCID: PMC9648198 DOI: 10.18103/mra.v10i5.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The immune system defends our body by fighting infection from pathogens utilizing both the innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune response is generated rapidly as the first line of defense. It is followed by the adaptive immune response that selectively targets infected cells. The adaptive immune response is generated more slowly, but selectively, by targeting a wide range of foreign particles (i.e., viruses or bacteria) or molecules that enter the body, known as antigens. Autoimmune diseases are the results of immune system glitches, where the body's adaptive system recognizes self-antigens as foreign. Thus, the host immune system attacks the self-tissues or organs with a high level of inflammation and causes debilitation in patients. Many current treatments for autoimmune diseases (i.e., multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA)) have been effective but lead to adverse side effects due to general immune system suppression, which makes patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. To counter these negative effects, many different avenues of antigen specific treatments are being developed to selectively target the autoreactive immune cells for a specific self-antigen or set of self-antigens while not compromising the general immune system. These approaches include soluble antigenic peptides, bifunctional peptide inhibitors (BPI) including IDAC and Fc-BPI, polymer conjugates, and peptide-drug conjugates. Here, various antigen-specific methods of potential treatments, their efficacy, and limitations will be discussed along with the potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha Mahadik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | | | - Tom Tolbert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Teruna J Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047
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31
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Piao W, Li L, Saxena V, Iyyathurai J, Lakhan R, Zhang Y, Lape IT, Paluskievicz C, Hippen KL, Lee Y, Silverman E, Shirkey MW, Riella LV, Blazar BR, Bromberg JS. PD-L1 signaling selectively regulates T cell lymphatic transendothelial migration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2176. [PMID: 35449134 PMCID: PMC9023578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are checkpoint molecules which regulate immune responses. Little is known about their functions in T cell migration and there are contradictory data about their roles in regulatory T cell (Treg) function. Here we show activated Tregs and CD4 effector T cells (Teffs) use PD-1/PD-L1 and CD80/PD-L1, respectively, to regulate transendothelial migration across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Antibody blockade of Treg PD-1, Teff CD80 (the alternative ligand for PD-L1), or LEC PD-L1 impairs Treg or Teff migration in vitro and in vivo. PD-1/PD-L1 signals through PI3K/Akt and ERK to regulate zipper junctional VE-cadherin, and through NFκB-p65 to up-regulate VCAM-1 expression on LECs. CD80/PD-L1 signaling up-regulates VCAM-1 through ERK and NFκB-p65. PD-1 and CD80 blockade reduces tumor egress of PD-1high fragile Tregs and Teffs into draining lymph nodes, respectively, and promotes tumor regression. These data provide roles for PD-L1 in cell migration and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Piao
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Lushen Li
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ram Lakhan
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yigang Zhang
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Isadora Tadeval Lape
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Christina Paluskievicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Keli L Hippen
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Emma Silverman
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Marina W Shirkey
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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32
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Xiong K, Tao Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhang P. Identification and Validation of a Prognostic Immune-Related Gene Signature in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:850669. [PMID: 35497331 PMCID: PMC9043362 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.850669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is a common malignant cancer worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the main type of EC, is difficult to treat because of the widespread morbidity, high fatality rates, and low quality of life caused by postoperative complications and no specific molecular target. In this study, we screened genes to establish a prognostic model for ESCC. The transcriptome expression profiles of 81 ESCC tissues and 340 normal esophageal mucosal epithelium tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) cohorts. The transcriptome expression datasets of 19 esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines were downloaded from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). The R software Limma package was used to identify 6,231 differentially expressed genes and 647 differentially expressed immune-related genes between normal and ESCC tissues. Gene functional analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen out 18 immune-related prognostic genes. We then established the prognostic and risk signature using these genes, and the patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. Compared with high-risk group patients, the low-risk group patients had longer overall survival. M1 macrophages and resting dendritic cells were differentially distributed between the low-risk and high-risk groups and were related to patient survival. We also examined the functional immune cell and immune molecule levels in low-risk and high-risk group patients, with significant differences in the tumor microenvironment between the two groups. To further verify the accuracy of the prognostic risk model, we performed area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The AUC value was 0.931 for the prognostic risk, which was better than the microsatellite instability (MSI) and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. In conclusion, we found 18 immune-related prognostic genes related to the occurrence of ESCC and established a prognostic model for predicting disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyou Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zeyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhang,
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33
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Ming J, Wang C. N7-Methylguanosine-Related lncRNAs: Integrated Analysis Associated With Prognosis and Progression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:871899. [PMID: 35495133 PMCID: PMC9043611 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.871899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N7-Methylguanosine (m7G) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to play an important role in cancer. However, there is little known about the relationship between m7G-related lncRNAs and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). To find new potential biomarkers and construct an m7G-related lncRNA prognostic signature for ccRCC, we retrieved transcriptome data and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and divided the entire set into train set and test set with the ratio of 1:1 randomly. The m7G-related lncRNAs were identified by Pearson correlation analysis (|coefficients| > 0.4, and p < 0.001). Then we performed the univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to construct a 12 m7G-related lncRNA prognostic signature. Next, principal component analysis (PCA), the Kaplan–Meier method, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were made to verify and evaluate the risk signature. A nomogram based on the risk signature and clinical parameters was developed and showed high accuracy and reliability for predicting the overall survival (OS). Functional enrichment analysis (GO, KEGG and GSEA) was used to investigate the potential biological pathways. We also performed the analysis of tumor mutation burden (TMB), immunological analysis including immune scores, immune cell infiltration (ICI), immune function, tumor immune escape (TIE) and immunotherapeutic drug in our study. In conclusion, using the 12 m7G-related lncRNA risk signature as a prognostic indicator may offer us insight into the oncogenesis and treatment response prediction of ccRCC.
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Bolivar-Wagers S, Larson JH, Jin S, Blazar BR. Cytolytic CD4 + and CD8 + Regulatory T-Cells and Implications for Developing Immunotherapies to Combat Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864748. [PMID: 35493508 PMCID: PMC9040077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Treg) are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and tolerance induction. While the immunosuppressive mechanisms of Treg have been extensively investigated for decades, the mechanisms responsible for Treg cytotoxicity and their therapeutic potential in regulating immune responses have been incompletely explored and exploited. Conventional cytotoxic T effector cells (Teffs) are known to be important for adaptive immune responses, particularly in the settings of viral infections and cancer. CD4+ and CD8+ Treg subsets may also share similar cytotoxic properties with conventional Teffs. Cytotoxic effector Treg (cyTreg) are a heterogeneous population in the periphery that retain the capacity to suppress T-cell proliferation and activation, induce cellular apoptosis, and migrate to tissues to ensure immune homeostasis. The latter can occur through several cytolytic mechanisms, including the Granzyme/Perforin and Fas/FasL signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current knowledge and recent advances in our understanding of cyTreg and their potential application in the treatment of human disease, particularly Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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35
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Aygun H. Vitamin D can reduce severity in COVID-19 through regulation of PD-L1. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:487-494. [PMID: 35099571 PMCID: PMC8802291 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral infection that has killed millions of people around the world. The most important diagnostic feature of COVID-19 is lymphocyte depletion, particularly the depletion of T cells. In COVID-19 infections, there is a link between destruction of T cells and increased expression of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1/PD-L1) on T cell surfaces. It was shown that PD-1/PD-L1 levels increase in severely COVID-19 infected individuals. Higher proinflammatory cytokine levels cause increased PD-1/PD-L1 expression. In severe COVID-19, higher proinflammatory cytokine levels may increase PD-1/PD-L1. Vitamin-D is an important immune regulator. It is known that the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes decrease in vitamin D deficiency while vitamin D supplementation increases CD + 4 lymphocytes. Vitamin D can increase regulatory T cell (Treg) activity. Vitamin D also has a diminishing effect on proinflammatory cytokines. In severe COVID-19 cases, vitamin D supplementation may inhibit the increase of PD-L1 expression through reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels. Thus, vitamin D supplementation could eliminate the suppressive effect of PD-L1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, preventing lymphopenia and reducing disease severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19. Besides, vitamin D supplementation can reduce inflammation by increasing Treg activity. The aim of this letter is to discuss the functions of inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules and their effects on dysfunction and depletion of T-cells as well as to explain the possible modulatory effect of vitamin D on these checkpoints and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Aygun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60030, Tokat, Turkey.
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36
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Di Gioacchino M, Della Valle L, Allegra A, Pioggia G, Gangemi S. AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12133. [PMID: 35344301 PMCID: PMC8967267 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer. Aim The current review provides an update on the role of immune cells and immune proteins in allergy and cancer fields. Methods Authors investigated the role of relevant immunological markers and the correlation with cancer progression or cancer suppression. Results Activated immune cells such as macrophages ‘M1’, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), NK cells, Th1, follicular T helper cells (TFH), TCD8+, B lymphocytes and eosinophils have inhibitory effects on tumourigenesis, while tolerogenic cells such as macrophages ‘M2,’ tolerogenic DCs, ILC3, T and B regulatory lymphocytes appear to favour carcinogenesis. Mastocytes and alarmins can have both effects. RIgE antibodies and CCCL5 chemokine have an anticancer role, whereas IgG4, free light chains, Il‐10, TGF‐β, lipocalin‐2, CCL1 chemokine promote cancer progression. Fundamental is also the contribution of epigenetic changes regulated by the microRNA in cancer progression. Conclusion This knowledge represents the key to developing new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,IDA - Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Pescara, Italy
| | - Loredana Della Valle
- Center for Advanced Science and Technology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.,IDA - Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Pescara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood 'Gaetano Barresi', University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Yang X, Li X, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Shen B, Zhao L, Wang J. Comprehensive Analysis of the Glycolysis-Related Gene Prognostic Signature and Immune Infiltration in Endometrial Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797826. [PMID: 35223866 PMCID: PMC8879138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolic reprogramming and immune imbalance play important roles in the progression of cancers. The purpose of this study is to develop a glycolysis-related prognostic signature for endometrial cancer (EC) and analyze its relationship with immune function. The mRNA expression profiling of the glycolysis-related genes and clinical data of EC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified a glycolysis-related gene prognostic signature for predicting the prognosis of EC by using The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression and found the patients in the high-risk group had worse survival prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for EC. The ROC curve confirmed the accuracy of the prognostic signature (AUC = 0.730). Then, we constructed a nomogram to predict the 1–5 years survival rate of EC patients. The association between the gene signature and immune function was analyzed based on the “ESTIMATE” and “CIBERSORT” algorithm, which showed the immune and ESTIMATE scores of patients in the high-risk group were lower, while the low immune and ESTIMATE scores were associated with a worse prognosis of patients. The imbalance of immune cells was also found in the high-risk group. Further, the protein of CDK1, a gene in the signature, was found to be closely related to prognosis of EC and inhibition of CDK1 could inhibit migration and promote apoptosis of EC cells. This study reveals a link between glycolysis-related gene signature and immunity, and provides personalized therapeutic targets for EC.
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Bourque J, Hawiger D. Variegated Outcomes of T Cell Activation by Dendritic Cells in the Steady State. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:539-547. [PMID: 35042789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) control adaptive immunity by sensing damage- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns and then inducing defined differentiation programs in T cells. Nevertheless, in the absence of specific proimmunogenic innate signals, generally referred to as the steady state, cDC also activate T cells to induce specific functional fates. Consistent with the maintenance of homeostasis, such specific outcomes of T cell activation in the steady state include T cell clonal anergy, deletion, and conversion of peripheral regulatory T cells (pTregs). However, the robust induction of protolerogenic mechanisms must be reconciled with the initiation of autoimmune responses and cancer immunosurveillance that are also observed under homeostatic conditions. Here we review the diversity of fates and functions of T cells involved in the opposing immunogenic and tolerogenic processes induced in the steady state by the relevant mechanisms of systemic cDC present in murine peripheral lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bourque
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel Hawiger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Fang J, Yu L, Zhuang LG, Pei XY, Wang Q, Jin GX. The changes in peripheral blood Th17 and Treg ratios in Hashimoto's thyroiditis are accompanied by differential PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:959477. [PMID: 36093111 PMCID: PMC9454193 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the percentages of T helper 17 cells (Th17s) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and the expression of the checkpoint molecules programmed death receptor 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) on these cells. METHODS This is a case-control study involving 53 initially diagnosed HT patients (HT group) and 21 normal controls (NC group). The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the individuals of the two groups were isolated and restimulated ex vivo; the percentage of Th17s, Tregs, PD-1+ Th17s, PD-L1+ Th17s, PD-1+ Tregs, and PD-L1+ Tregs was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS (1) The percentage of Th17s in the peripheral blood of the HT group was significantly higher than that of the NC group [(6.38 ± 1.32)% versus (3.12 ± 0.66)%; t = 14.110, P < 0.001], while the percentage of peripheral blood Tregs was significantly lower [(3.82 ± 1.48)% versus (5.61 ± 1.60)%; t = -4.599, P < 0.001]. (2) HT patients' Th17s expressed PD-1 at a significantly lower frequency than their counterparts in the NC [(6.46 ± 2.77)% versus (18.51 ± 3.96)%; t = -14.842, P < 0.001], while no difference was observed for PD-L1 between the two groups. (3) In contrast, both PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed at significantly higher frequency on HT patients' Tregs than on NC [respectively: (17.01 ± 3.04)% versus (10.23 ± 2.77)%; t = 8.850, P < 0.001 for PD-1; (16.60 ± 9.58)% versus (11.36 ± 10.14)%; t = 2.089, P < 0.005, for PD-L1]. CONCLUSION (1) The increased percentage of Th17s and decreased percentage of PD-1+ Th17s in the HT group suggest that a loss of control on Th17 activity through the checkpoint inhibitory axis PD-1/PD-L1 may participate in disease pathogenesis. (2) While the decreased percentage of Tregs in HT patients may explain a lack of regulatory functions able to prevent the autoimmune destruction of the thyroid, the significance of the increased frequency of Tregs expressing PD-1 and PD-L1, previously reported to boost Tregs differentiation, remains to be established. Elucidating this apparent contradiction may reveal important mechanisms underlying HT pathogenesis.
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Jacquelot N, Ghaedi M, Warner K, Chung DC, Crome SQ, Ohashi PS. Immune Checkpoints and Innate Lymphoid Cells-New Avenues for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5967. [PMID: 34885076 PMCID: PMC8657134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (IC) are broadly characterized as inhibitory pathways that tightly regulate the activation of the immune system. These molecular "brakes" are centrally involved in the maintenance of immune self-tolerance and represent a key mechanism in avoiding autoimmunity and tissue destruction. Antibody-based therapies target these inhibitory molecules on T cells to improve their cytotoxic function, with unprecedented clinical efficacies for a number of malignancies. Many of these ICs are also expressed on innate lymphoid cells (ILC), drawing interest from the field to understand their function, impact for anti-tumor immunity and potential for immunotherapy. In this review, we highlight ILC specificities at different tissue sites and their migration potential upon inflammatory challenge. We further summarize the current understanding of IC molecules on ILC and discuss potential strategies for ILC modulation as part of a greater anti-cancer armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jacquelot
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Douglas C. Chung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Sarah Q. Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Pamela S. Ohashi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; (M.G.); (K.W.); (D.C.C.)
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
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Yang X, Guo Y, Chen C, Shao B, Zhao L, Zhou Q, Liu J, Wang G, Yuan W, Sun Z. Interaction between intestinal microbiota and tumour immunity in the tumour microenvironment. Immunology 2021; 164:476-493. [PMID: 34322877 PMCID: PMC8517597 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have reported that intestinal microbiota have an important effect on tumour immunity by affecting the tumour microenvironment (TME). The intestinal microbiota are closely associated with various immune cells, such as T lymphocytes, natural killer cells (NK cells) and macrophages. Some bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), have been shown to improve the effect of tumour immunity. Furthermore, microbial imbalance, such as the increased abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Helicobacter hepaticus (H. hepaticus), generally causes tumour formation and progression. In addition, some microbiota also play important roles in tumour immunotherapy, especially PD-L1-related therapies. Therefore, what is the relationship between these processes and how do they affect each other? In this review, we summarize the interactions and corresponding mechanisms among the intestinal microbiota, immune system and TME to facilitate the research and development of new targeted drugs and provide new approaches to tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of Basic MedicalAcademy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Luyang Zhao
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of Basic MedicalAcademy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Ferrian S, Liu CC, McCaffrey EF, Kumar R, Nowicki TS, Dawson DW, Baranski A, Glaspy JA, Ribas A, Bendall SC, Angelo M. Multiplexed imaging reveals an IFN-γ-driven inflammatory state in nivolumab-associated gastritis. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100419. [PMID: 34755133 PMCID: PMC8561237 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade using PD-1 inhibition is an effective approach for treating a wide variety of cancer subtypes. While lower gastrointestinal (GI) side effects are more common, upper gastrointestinal adverse events are rarely reported. Here, we present a case of nivolumab-associated autoimmune gastritis. To elucidate the immunology underlying this condition, we leverage multiplexed ion beam imaging by time-of-flight (MIBI-TOF) to identify the presence and proportion of infiltrating immune cells from a single section of biopsy specimen. Using MIBI-TOF, we analyze formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human gastric tissue with 28 labels simultaneously. Our analyses reveal a gastritis characterized by severe mucosal injury, interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-producing gastric epithelial cells, and mixed inflammation that includes CD8 and CD4 T cell infiltrates with reduced expression of granzyme B and FOXP3, respectively. Here, we provide a comprehensive multiplexed histopathological mapping of gastric tissue, which identifies IFN-γ-producing epithelial cells as possible contributors to the nivolumab-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Ferrian
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Candace C. Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Erin F. McCaffrey
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rashmi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Theodore S. Nowicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David W. Dawson
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alex Baranski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John A. Glaspy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Division of Surgical-Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - Sean C. Bendall
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
| | - Michael Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Monteiro AC, Bonomo A. CD8 + T cells from experimental in situ breast carcinoma interfere with bone homeostasis. Bone 2021; 150:116014. [PMID: 34022456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Before bone colonization, immune cells primed by breast primary tumor cells actively modify the bone microenvironment, disturbing the complex and tightly homeostatic signaling network regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Indeed, we have shown that RANKL+ CD4+ T cells specific for the 4T1 mammary carcinoma cell line, arrive at the bone marrow (BM) before metastatic cells and set the pre-metastatic niche. In the absence of RANKL expressed by T cells, there is no pre-metastatic osteolytic disease and bone metastases are blocked. Adding to the role of T cells, we have recently demonstrated that dendritic cells (DCs) provide a positive feedback loop to the osteolytic profile induced by the metastatic tumor. In this setting, DCs are able to differentiate into potent bone resorbing osteoclast-like cells keeping their antigen-presenting cell (APC) properties to maintain RANKL+ CD4+ Th17 T cells activities, via IL-23 expression. Here we show that 67NR non-metastatic tumor cells, a sibling of 4T1 tumor cell line, induce an increase in trabecular bone mass on day 11 post-tumor implant. This observation was associated with an expansion of the osteoblastic lineage cells accompanied by a reduction of osteoclasts numbers. Moreover, BM derived CD8+ T cells from 67NR tumor-bearing mice, express an anti-osteoclastogenic cytokine milieu enriched by IFN-γ, IL-10 and producing low levels of RANKL. The frequency of BM derived CD8+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, known as potent suppressors of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, was also increased in such animals. This milieu was capable to suppress 4T1 tumor-specific CD4+ T cells phenotype in vivo and in vitro and strongly inhibited bone metastases establishment, restoring trabecular bone mass volume. We concluded that the 67NR+ tumor derived CD8+ T cells phenotypes, either contributing to bone homeostasis and/or control of 4T1 breast tumor pre-metastatic disease, interfere with osteoclasts and osteoblasts activities inside BM. Our study highlights the opposing roles of subverted tumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes in directing breast cancer progression and bone metastases establishment. For non-metastatic tumors, the role of T cells regarding bone remodeling has never been addressed before. As far as we know, this is the first description that an in situ carcinoma can modify distant sites. In the case showed here, modification of the distant bone site disfavors pre-metastatic bone niche formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteiro
- Laboratory of Osteo and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory on Thymus Research, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Muth S, Klaric A, Radsak M, Schild H, Probst HC. CD27 expression on Treg cells limits immune responses against tumors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:439-449. [PMID: 34423375 PMCID: PMC8843905 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses and thus contribute to immune homeostasis. On the downside, Tregs also limit immune responses against tumors promoting the progression of cancer. Among the many mechanisms implied in Treg-mediated suppression, the inhibition of dendritic cells (DCs) has been shown to be central in peripheral tolerance induction as well as in cancers. We have shown previously that the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance critically depends on cognate interactions between Tregs and DCs and that the CTL priming by unsuppressed steady state DCs is mediated via CD70. Here, we have investigated whether the CD70/CD27 axis is also involved in Treg-mediated suppression of anti-tumor immunity. Using a mixed bone marrow chimeric mouse model in which we can deplete regulatory T cells in a temporally controlled fashion, we show that Treg-expressed CD27 prevents the breakdown of peripheral tolerance and limits anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, ablation of Treg expressed CD27 acts synergistically with PD-1 checkpoint inhibition to improve CTL mediated immunity against a solid tumor. Our data thus identify Treg-expressed CD27 as a potential target in cancer immunotherapy. KEY MESSAGES : Treg expressed CD27 maintains steady state DC tolerogenic Treg expressed CD27 limits anti-tumor immunity Ablation of Treg expressed CD27 synergizes with PD-1 blockade to improve CTL mediated tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Muth
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Annekatrin Klaric
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Radsak
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- IIIrd Department of Medicine Hematology, Oncology, Pneumology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Schild
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Probst
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Research Centre for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Lutz MB, Backer RA, Clausen BE. Revisiting Current Concepts on the Tolerogenicity of Steady-State Dendritic Cell Subsets and Their Maturation Stages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1681-1689. [PMID: 33820829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The original concept stated that immature dendritic cells (DC) act tolerogenically whereas mature DC behave strictly immunogenically. Meanwhile, it is also accepted that phenotypically mature stages of all conventional DC subsets can promote tolerance as steady-state migratory DC by transporting self-antigens to lymph nodes to exert unique functions on regulatory T cells. We propose that in vivo 1) there is little evidence for a tolerogenic function of immature DC during steady state such as CD4 T cell anergy induction, 2) all tolerance as steady-state migratory DC undergo common as well as subset-specific molecular changes, and 3) these changes differ by quantitative and qualitative markers from immunogenic DC, which allows one to clearly distinguish tolerogenic from immunogenic migratory DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; and
| | - Ronald A Backer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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Abukhiran I, Syrbu SI, Holman CJ. Markers of Follicular Helper T Cells Are Occasionally Expressed in T-Cell or Histiocyte-Rich Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, and Atypical Paracortical HyperplasiaA Diagnostic Pitfall For T-Cell Lymphomas of T Follicular Helper Origin. Am J Clin Pathol 2021; 156:409-426. [PMID: 33624021 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Follicular helper T cell (TFH) markers are expressed in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the TFH phenotype (PTCL-TFH). However, differential expression and coexpression of these markers in benign and other malignant lymphoid proliferations have not been well studied. METHODS We performed programmed death-1 (PD-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), inducible costimulator (ICOS), CD10, and B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL-6) immunohistochemistry on AITL, PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), PTCL-TFH, T-cell or histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), atypical paracortical hyperplasia (PCH), progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC), and reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH). RESULTS CXCL13 and ICOS were more sensitive but less specific for AITL than PD-1, CD10, and BCL-6. Moreover, 74% of AITL (none of PTCL-NOS or PTCL-TFH) coexpressed more than 2 TFH markers. In background T cells of THRLBCL, 70% of cases coexpressed more than 1 marker. The background T cells of CHL expressed all TFH markers except CD10 in all cases. In addition, 13% of PCH cases coexpressed more than 1 marker. In RFH and PTGC, all markers were expressed mainly in germinal centers with rare extrafollicular staining. CONCLUSIONS AITL, PTCL-NOS, and PTCL-TFH show differential expression of TFH markers. AITL frequently coexpresses more than 2 TFH markers. TFH markers can be expressed in PCH and in background T cells of THRLBCL and CHL. Consequently, caution should be used before a diagnosis of AITL is established, particularly with limited samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abukhiran
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sergei I Syrbu
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carol J Holman
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, IA, USA
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Borst J, Busselaar J, Bosma DMT, Ossendorp F. Mechanism of action of PD-1 receptor/ligand targeted cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1911-1920. [PMID: 34106465 PMCID: PMC8453912 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting the Programmed Death (PD-1) receptor/ligand (L) "checkpoint" rapidly gains ground in the treatment of many cancer types. To increase treatment scope and efficacy, predictive biomarkers and rational selection of co-treatments are required. To meet these demands, we must understand PD-1 function in detail. We here outline recent insights into the regulation of the CD8+ T cell response by PD-1. The prevailing view has been that blockade of PD-1/ligand (L) interaction "reinvigorates" cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that were rendered dysfunctional in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, this review stresses that tumors continuously communicate with adjacent draining lymph nodes (LNs) and that the PD-1 checkpoint also operates during T cell priming. We clarify the role of the PD-(L)1 system at the T cell/DC interface, where it regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and CD28 costimulation and thus controls activation of tumor-specific T cells. We also highlight the importance of CD4+ T cell help during priming, which allows DCs to provide other costimulatory and cytokine signals required for optimal CTL differentiation and likely avoidance of a dysfunctional state. Therefore, we pose that PD-(L)1 blockade should exploit LN function and be combined with "help" signals to optimize CTL efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and *Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Julia Busselaar
- Department of Immunology and *Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Douwe M. T. Bosma
- Department of Immunology and *Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology and *Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Ibañez-Vega J, Vilchez C, Jimenez K, Guevara C, Burgos PI, Naves R. Cellular and molecular regulation of the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand system and its role in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2021; 123:102702. [PMID: 34311143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands (PD-Ls) are essential to maintain peripheral immune tolerance and to avoid tissue damage. Consequently, altered gene or protein expression of this system of co-inhibitory molecules has been involved in the development of cancer and autoimmunity. Substantial progress has been achieved in the study of the PD-1/PD-Ls system in terms of regulatory mechanisms and therapy. However, the role of the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in neuroinflammation has been less explored despite being a potential target of treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent, chronic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that leads to demyelination and axonal damage in young adults. Recent studies have highlighted the key role of the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in inducing a neuroprotective response and restraining T cell activation and neurodegeneration in MS. In this review, we outline the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating gene expression, protein synthesis and traffic of PD-1/PD-Ls as well as relevant processes that control PD-1/PD-Ls engagement in the immunological synapse between antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Also, we highlight the most recent findings regarding the role of the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in MS and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), including the contribution of PD-1 expressing follicular helper T (TFH) cells in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition, we compare and contrast results found in MS and EAE with evidence reported in other autoimmune diseases and their experimental models, and review PD-1/PD-Ls-targeting therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ibañez-Vega
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Vilchez
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Environment, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin Jimenez
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Environment, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Guevara
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula I Burgos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Prinz JC. Antigen Processing, Presentation, and Tolerance: Role in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:750-759. [PMID: 34294386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive T cells pose a constant risk for the emergence of autoimmune skin diseases in genetically predisposed individuals carrying certain HLA risk alleles. Immune tolerance mechanisms are opposed by broad HLA-presented self-immunopeptidomes, a predefined repertoire of polyspecific TCRs, the continuous generation of new antibody specificities by somatic recombination of Ig genes in B cells, and heightened proinflammatory reactivity. Increased autoantigen presentation by HLA molecules, cross-activation of pathogen-induced T cells against autologous structures, altered metabolism of self-proteins, and excessive production of proinflammatory signals may all contribute to the breakdown of immune tolerance and the development of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Christoph Prinz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Pellegrino B, Hlavata Z, Migali C, De Silva P, Aiello M, Willard-Gallo K, Musolino A, Solinas C. Luminal Breast Cancer: Risk of Recurrence and Tumor-Associated Immune Suppression. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:409-424. [PMID: 33974235 PMCID: PMC8249273 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-021-00525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) (including the luminal A and the luminal B subtypes) is the most common type of tumor in women diagnosed with early-stage BC (EBC). It represents a highly heterogeneous subgroup that is characterized by different risks of relapse. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible role played by the immune response in predicting this risk, along with the most common clinical and pathological factors and molecular tools that have been developed and are already in use. As opposed to what has previously been observed in the most aggressive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes, a high proportion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)-reflecting a spontaneous and pre-existing immune response to the tumor-has been linked to a worse prognosis in HR+ EBC. This work provides some immune biological rationale explaining these findings and provides the basics to understand the principal clinical trials that are testing immunotherapy in HR+ (luminal) BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Pellegrino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Str. dell’Università, 12, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Zuzana Hlavata
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHR Mons-Hainaut, Avenue Baudouin de Constantinople, n. 5, Mons, Hainaut Belgium
| | | | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Marco Aiello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico San Marco, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Musolino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Str. dell’Università, 12, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cinzia Solinas
- Azienda Tutela della Salute Sardegna, Ospedale A. Segni, Ozieri, Italy
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