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De Palma M, Hanahan D. Milestones in tumor vascularization and its therapeutic targeting. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:827-843. [PMID: 38918437 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Research into the mechanisms and manifestations of solid tumor vascularization was launched more than 50 years ago with the proposition and experimental demonstrations that angiogenesis is instrumental for tumor growth and was, therefore, a promising therapeutic target. The biological knowledge and therapeutic insights forthcoming have been remarkable, punctuated by new concepts, many of which were not foreseen in the early decades. This article presents a perspective on tumor vascularization and its therapeutic targeting but does not portray a historical timeline. Rather, we highlight eight conceptual milestones, integrating initial discoveries and recent progress and posing open questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Agora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wang H, Zhang L, Liu H, Yang Y, Lu W, Cao X, Yang X, Qin Q, Song R, Feng D, Wang S, Bai T, He J. PDZK1 confers sensitivity to sunitinib in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by suppressing the PDGFR-β pathway. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02725-4. [PMID: 38822145 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib has emerged as the primary treatment for advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) due to its significant improvement in patients' average survival time. However, drug resistance and adverse effects of sunitinib pose challenges to its clinical benefits. METHODS The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with sunitinib sensitivity and resistance in ccRCC were investigated. Cell counting kit-8, plate colony formation, flow cytometry and subcutaneous xenograft tumor model assays were employed to explore the effects of PDZK1 on ccRCC. Further research on the molecular mechanism was conducted through western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence co-localization and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS We elucidated that PDZK1 is significantly downregulated in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC specimens, and PDZK1 negatively regulates the phosphorylation of PDGFR-β and the activation of its downstream pathways through interaction with PDGFR-β. The dysregulated low levels of PDZK1 contribute to inadequate inhibition of cell proliferation, tumor growth, and insensitivity to sunitinib treatment. Notably, our preclinical investigations showed that miR-15b antagomirs enhance sunitinib cytotoxic effects against ccRCC cells by upregulating PDZK1 levels, suggesting their potential in overcoming sunitinib resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings establish the miR-15b/PDZK1/PDGFR-β axis as a promising therapeutic target and a novel predictor for ccRCC patients' response to sunitinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Duiping Feng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junqi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li X, Pan X, Bai J, Chen Y, Lai Z, Chen Q, Ma F, Dong Y. Small-molecule α-lipoic acid targets ELK1 to balance human neutrophil and erythrocyte differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:100. [PMID: 38589882 PMCID: PMC11003016 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Erythroid and myeloid differentiation disorders are commonly occurred in leukemia. Given that the relationship between erythroid and myeloid lineages is still unclear. To find the co-regulators in erythroid and myeloid differentiation might help to find new target for therapy of myeloid leukemia. In hematopoiesis, ALA (alpha lipoic acid) is reported to inhibit neutrophil lineage determination by targeting transcription factor ELK1 in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors via splicing factor SF3B1. However, further exploration is needed to determine whether ELK1 is a common regulatory factor for erythroid and myeloid differentiation. METHODS In vitro culture of isolated CD34+, CMPs (common myeloid progenitors) and CD34+ CD371- HSPCs (hematopoietic stem progenitor cells) were performed to assay the differentiation potential of monocytes, neutrophils, and erythrocytes. Overexpression lentivirus of long isoform (L-ELK1) or the short isoform (S-ELK1) of ELK1 transduced CD34+ HSPCs were transplanted into NSG mice to assay the human lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation differences 3 months after transplantation. Knocking down of SRSF11, which was high expressed in CD371+GMPs (granulocyte-monocyte progenitors), upregulated by ALA and binding to ELK1-RNA splicing site, was performed to analyze the function in erythroid differentiation derived from CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371- HPCs (hematopoietic progenitor cells). RNA sequencing of L-ELK1 and S-ELK1 overexpressed CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371- HPCs were performed to assay the signals changed by ELK1. RESULTS Here, we presented new evidence that ALA promoted erythroid differentiation by targeting the transcription factor ELK1 in CD34+ CD371- hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Overexpression of either the long isoform (L-ELK1) or the short isoform (S-ELK1) of ELK1 inhibited erythroid-cell differentiation, but knockdown of ELK1 did not affect erythroid-cell differentiation. RNAseq analysis of CD34+ CD123mid CD38+ CD371- HPCs showed that L-ELK1 upregulated the expression of genes related to neutrophil activity, phosphorylation, and hypoxia signals, while S-ELK1 mainly regulated hypoxia-related signals. However, most of the genes that were upregulated by L-ELK1 were only moderately upregulated by S-ELK1, which might be due to a lack of serum response factor interaction and regulation domains in S-ELK1 compared to L-ELK1. In summary, the differentiation of neutrophils and erythrocytes might need to rely on the dose of L-ELK1 and S-ELK1 to achieve precise regulation via RNA splicing signals at early lineage commitment. CONCLUSIONS ALA and ELK1 are found to regulate both human granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis via RNA spliceosome, and ALA-ELK1 signal might be the target of human leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Road 783, Chengdu, 610500, China
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Ju Bai
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Xindu Road 783, Chengdu, 610500, China.
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Chengdu, China.
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Zhang R, Yao Y, Gao H, Hu X. Mechanisms of angiogenesis in tumour. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1359069. [PMID: 38590656 PMCID: PMC10999665 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1359069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and metastasis. Antiangiogenic factor-targeting drugs have been approved as first line agents in a variety of oncology treatments. Clinical drugs frequently target the VEGF signalling pathway during sprouting angiogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumours can evade antiangiogenic therapy through other angiogenesis mechanisms in addition to the vascular sprouting mechanism involving endothelial cells. These mechanisms include (1) sprouting angiogenesis, (2) vasculogenic mimicry, (3) vessel intussusception, (4) vascular co-option, (5) cancer stem cell-derived angiogenesis, and (6) bone marrow-derived angiogenesis. Other non-sprouting angiogenic mechanisms are not entirely dependent on the VEGF signalling pathway. In clinical practice, the conversion of vascular mechanisms is closely related to the enhancement of tumour drug resistance, which often leads to clinical treatment failure. This article summarizes recent studies on six processes of tumour angiogenesis and provides suggestions for developing more effective techniques to improve the efficacy of antiangiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Hu
- China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Xiu-Ying H, Yue-Xiang Z, Hui-Si Y, Hong-Zhou Y, Qing-Jie X, Ting-Hua W. PDGFBB facilitates tumorigenesis and malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma associated with PI3K-AKT/MAPK signaling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4191. [PMID: 38378786 PMCID: PMC10879171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains one of the most aggressive tumors and the efficacy of conventional treatment has been bleak. Nowadays, gene-targeted therapy has become a new favorite in tumor therapy. Herein, we investigated the effect of platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB) on LUAD. Firstly, PDGFBB was upregulated in LUAD patients and closely linked with poor survival. Furthermore, the expression of PDGFBB and PDGFRα/β in LUAD cells was higher than that in normal lung cells. By loss-of-function with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-PDGFi-shRNA, we found that PDGFBB knockdown caused a significant decrease in proliferation and migration, but evoked apoptosis of LUAD cells in vitro. Conversely, exogenous PDGFBB held adverse effect. Additionally, A549 cells with PDGFBB knockdown had a low probability of tumorigenesis in vivo. Moreover, PDGFBB knockdown restrained the growth of xenografts derived from normal A549 cells. Mechanistically, PDGFBB knockdown suppressed PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK signaling, while PDGFBB was the opposite. Therefore, we concluded that PDGFBB might facilitate the tumorigenesis and malignancy of LUAD through its functional downstream nodes-PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK signaling, which supported that PDGFBB could serve as a rational therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xiu-Ying
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Yue-Xiang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Hui-Si
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Hong-Zhou
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Qing-Jie
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wang Ting-Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Rodrigues DB, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Modelling the complex nature of the tumor microenvironment: 3D tumor spheroids as an evolving tool. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:13. [PMID: 38254117 PMCID: PMC10804490 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a serious burden in society and while the pace in the development of novel and more effective therapeutics is increasing, testing platforms that faithfully mimic the tumor microenvironment are lacking. With a clear shift from animal models to more complex in vitro 3D systems, spheroids emerge as strong options in this regard. Years of development have allowed spheroid-based models to better reproduce the biomechanical cues that are observed in the tumor-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular interactions that occur in both a cell-cell and cell-ECM manner. Here, we summarize some of the key cellular interactions that drive tumor development, progression and invasion, and how successfully are these interactions recapitulated in 3D spheroid models currently in use in the field. We finish by speculating on future advancements in the field and on how these can shape the relevance of spherical 3D models for tumor modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs, Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence On Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Li X, Peng J, Su X. Expression of immune regulatory factors, chemokines and growth factors in differentiated gastric cancer cells treated with an anticancer bioactive peptide combined with oxaliplatin. Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:9. [PMID: 38125743 PMCID: PMC10729299 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system. An anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) was previously shown to have an important role in inhibiting the differentiation of the MKN-45, N87 and GES-1 cell lines. However, to date, research on the effects of inflammatory factors in MKN-45, N87 and GES-1 cell lines after treatment with ACBP combined with oxaliplatin (OXA) has not been performed. To investigate the expression of immune regulatory factors, tumor growth factors and chemotactic factors in differentiated gastric cancer cells treated with ACBP combined with OXA, the expression of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, Eotaxin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IFN-γ-induced protein-10, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, MIP-1β, regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted, TNF-α and VEGF, was assessed with cell experiments using the Bio-Plex ProT Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay. The results indicated that immune regulatory factor, tumor growth factor and chemotactic factor expression levels were different after treatment with ACBP alone or ACBP combined with OXA. IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, bFGF, GM-CSF and PDGF-BB expression was decreased in MKN-45 and N87 cells after ACBP treatment (P<0.01) and ACBP+OXA treatment (P<0.01) compared with the control cells, which indicated that ACBP inhibited tumor growth by regulating these cytokines, and the combination treatment inhibited tumor growth by regulating these cytokines. MIP-1β, MCP-1 and IL-13 expression was decreased in MKN-45 and N87 cells after the combination treatment compared with ACBP treatment alone, which indicated that ACBP combined with OXA was able to inhibit tumor growth by regulating these cytokines, while the mechanism of action of the ACBP and OXA is actually different, e.g. for OXA, this would be to cause DNA damage response. Therefore, the ACBP and OXA combination treatment may be closely associated with tumor progression and metastasis with immunological competence by MCP-1, MIP-1β and IL-13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Bioactive Peptide Engineering Laboratory, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Bioactive Peptide Engineering Laboratory, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Bioactive Peptide Engineering Laboratory, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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Wu X, Wang Y, Chen B, Liu Y, Li F, Ou Y, Zhang H, Wu X, Li X, Wang L, Rong W, Liu J, Xing M, Zhao X, Liu H, Ge L, Lv A, Wang L, Wang Z, Li M, Zhang H. ABIN1 (Q478) is Required to Prevent Hematopoietic Deficiencies through Regulating Type I IFNs Expression. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2303555. [PMID: 38009796 PMCID: PMC10797436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB activation (ABIN1) is a polyubiquitin-binding protein that regulates cell death and immune responses. Although Abin1 is located on chromosome 5q in the region commonly deleted in patients with 5q minus syndrome, the most distinct of the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), the precise role of ABIN1 in MDSs remains unknown. In this study, mice with a mutation disrupting the polyubiquitin-binding site (Abin1Q478H/Q478H ) is generated. These mice develop MDS-like diseases characterized by anemia, thrombocytopenia, and megakaryocyte dysplasia. Extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure are also observed in Abin1Q478H/Q478H mice. Although Abin1Q478H/Q478H cells are sensitive to RIPK1 kinase-RIPK3-MLKL-dependent necroptosis, only anemia and splenomegaly are alleviated by RIPK3 deficiency but not by MLKL deficiency or the RIPK1 kinase-dead mutation. This indicates that the necroptosis-independent function of RIPK3 is critical for anemia development in Abin1Q478H/Q478H mice. Notably, Abin1Q478H/Q478H mice exhibit higher levels of type I interferon (IFN-I) expression in bone marrow cells compared towild-type mice. Consistently, blocking type I IFN signaling through the co-deletion of Ifnar1 greatly ameliorated anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly in Abin1Q478H/Q478H mice. Together, these results demonstrates that ABIN1(Q478) prevents the development of hematopoietic deficiencies by regulating type I IFN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanhui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Bingyi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyShanghai First People's HospitalShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200080China
| | - Yangjing Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Wuwei Rong
- Department of CardiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Jianling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Mingyan Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Han Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China
| | - Ankang Lv
- Department of CardiologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200011China
| | - Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food SafetyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
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Qian C, Liu C, Liu W, Zhou R, Zhao L. Targeting vascular normalization: a promising strategy to improve immune-vascular crosstalk in cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291530. [PMID: 38193080 PMCID: PMC10773740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapy. Compared with the healthy vasculature, tumor blood vessels are extremely immature, highly permeable, and deficient in pericytes. The aberrantly vascularized tumor microenvironment is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppression. The efficacy of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is affected by abnormal blood vessels. Some anti-angiogenic drugs show vascular normalization effects in addition to targeting angiogenesis. Reversing the abnormal state of blood vessels creates a normal microenvironment, essential for various cancer treatments, specifically immunotherapy. In addition, immune cells and molecules are involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Therefore, combining vascular normalization with immunotherapy may increase the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce the risk of adverse reactions. In this review, we discussed the structure, function, and formation of abnormal vessels. In addition, we elaborated on the role of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the formation of abnormal vessels. Finally, we described the clinical challenges associated with the combination of immunotherapy with vascular normalization, and highlighted future research directions in this therapeutic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology & Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ji C, Wei J, Zhang L, Hou X, Tan J, Yuan Q, Tan W. Aptamer-Protein Interactions: From Regulation to Biomolecular Detection. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12471-12506. [PMID: 37931070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Serving as the basis of cell life, interactions between nucleic acids and proteins play essential roles in fundamental cellular processes. Aptamers are unique single-stranded oligonucleotides generated by in vitro evolution methods, possessing the ability to interact with proteins specifically. Altering the structure of aptamers will largely modulate their interactions with proteins and further affect related cellular behaviors. Recently, with the in-depth research of aptamer-protein interactions, the analytical assays based on their interactions have been widely developed and become a powerful tool for biomolecular detection. There are some insightful reviews on aptamers applied in protein detection, while few systematic discussions are from the perspective of regulating aptamer-protein interactions. Herein, we comprehensively introduce the methods for regulating aptamer-protein interactions and elaborate on the detection techniques for analyzing aptamer-protein interactions. Additionally, this review provides a broad summary of analytical assays based on the regulation of aptamer-protein interactions for detecting biomolecules. Finally, we present our perspectives regarding the opportunities and challenges of analytical assays for biological analysis, aiming to provide guidance for disease mechanism research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailing Ji
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Junyuan Wei
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xinru Hou
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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11
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Wang F, Wang P, Yang H, Cai R, Tan W. Self-Powered Biosensing System with Multivariate Signal Amplification for Real-Time Amplified Detection of PDGF-BB. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16359-16365. [PMID: 37889605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
A self-powered biosensing system with multivariate signal amplification is designed for the ultrasensitive, highly efficient, rapid-response, and real-time detection of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). The biosensing system is composed of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs), a capacitor, a digital multimeter (DMM), and a computer. Using the hybridization chain reaction (HCR), a few single DNA chains are transformed into abundant double-helix chains, which stimulates the reduction of [Ru(NH3)6]3+ to [Ru(NH3)6]2+ by electrostatic interaction, corresponding to the "on" state for HCR. As a result, the open-circuit voltage (EOCV) is significantly increased in this self-powered biosensing system. When PDGF-BB is present, a binding interaction between the target and the aptamer, i.e., PDGF-BB/Apt, corresponding to the "off" state for HCR, results in a decrease of EOCV. The PDGF-BB concentration is inversely proportional to EOCV, allowing readable, effective, and precise real-time detection of PDGF-BB. The detection limit of the biosensing system is 0.031 pg/mL (S/N = 3). This strategy provides a promising and powerful tool for the early clinical diagnosis of related colorectal cancer markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futing Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Hongfen Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Material Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- School of Medicine, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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12
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Hwang KW, Yun JW, Kim HS. Unveiling the Molecular Landscape of FOXA1 Mutant Prostate Cancer: Insights and Prospects for Targeted Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15823. [PMID: 37958805 PMCID: PMC10650174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer continues to pose a global health challenge as one of the most prevalent malignancies. Mutations of the Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1) gene have been linked to unique oncogenic features in prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to unravel the intricate molecular characteristics of FOXA1 mutant prostate cancer through comprehensive in silico analysis of transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A comparison between FOXA1 mutant and control groups unearthed 1525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which map to eight intrinsic and six extrinsic signaling pathways. Interestingly, the majority of intrinsic pathways, but not extrinsic pathways, were validated using RNA-seq data of 22Rv1 cells from the GEO123619 dataset, suggesting complex biology in the tumor microenvironment. As a result of our in silico research, we identified novel therapeutic targets and potential drug candidates for FOXA1 mutant prostate cancer. KDM1A, MAOA, PDGFB, and HSP90AB1 emerged as druggable candidate targets, as we found that they have approved drugs throughout the drug database CADDIE. Notably, as most of the approved drugs targeting MAOA and KDM1A were monoamine inhibitors used for mental illness or diabetes, we suggest they have a potential to cure FOXA1 mutant primary prostate cancer without lethal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Won Yun
- Veterans Health Service Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
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13
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Shevchenko JA, Nazarov KV, Alshevskaya AA, Sennikov SV. Erythroid Cells as Full Participants in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15141. [PMID: 37894821 PMCID: PMC10606658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is an important factor that can determine the success or failure of antitumor therapy. Cells of hematopoietic origin are one of the most important mediators of the tumor-host interaction and, depending on the cell type and functional state, exert pro- or antitumor effects in the tumor microenvironment or in adjacent tissues. Erythroid cells can be full members of the tumor microenvironment and exhibit immunoregulatory properties. Tumor growth is accompanied by the need to obtain growth factors and oxygen, which stimulates the appearance of the foci of extramedullary erythropoiesis. Tumor cells create conditions to maintain the long-term proliferation and viability of erythroid cells. In turn, tumor erythroid cells have a number of mechanisms to suppress the antitumor immune response. This review considers current data on the existence of erythroid cells in the tumor microenvironment, formation of angiogenic clusters, and creation of optimal conditions for tumor growth. Despite being the most important life-support function of the body, erythroid cells support tumor growth and do not work against it. The study of various signaling mechanisms linking tumor growth with the mobilization of erythroid cells and the phenotypic and functional differences between erythroid cells of different origin allows us to identify potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kirill V. Nazarov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
| | - Alina A. Alshevskaya
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (J.A.S.); (K.V.N.)
- Laboratory of Immune Engineering, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia;
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14
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Wei J, Tan F, Long X, Fang Q, Wang Y, Wang J, He J, Yuan X, Du J. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of renal tissue from spontaneously hypertensive rats revealed renal protective effects of dapagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106531. [PMID: 37479045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive nephropathy (HTN) is a common complication of hypertension. Although various agents for treatment of hypertension exert significant effects, there is currently no effective treatment for hypertensive nephropathy. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, such as dapagliflozin (DAPA), are a new class of hypoglycemic agents shown to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of DAPA remain unclear. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based computational analysis was conducted to explore the transcriptomic changes to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with DAPA for 8 weeks. Differentially expressed genes in SHRs were related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism, oxidation-reduction reaction, immunity and inflammation in HTN. Transcriptome analysis showed that 8 weeks of DAPA therapy exerted protective effects on the renal tissues of SHRs through the lysosomal, phagosomal, and autophagic pathways. VENN diagram analysis identified Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 20 (Zbtb20) as the potential target of DAPA therapy. Consistent with the RNA-Seq findings, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased expression of Zbtb20 in the renal tissues of SHRs, whereas expression was decreased following 8 weeks of DAPA administration. The results of this study clarified the transcriptome signature of HTN and the beneficial effects of DAPA on renal tissues by alleviating dysregulation of metabolic processes and reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Fangyan Tan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 4000l0, China
| | - Xianglin Long
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Qinghua Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - JiaCheng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 4000l0, China.
| | - Jianlin Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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15
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Chang W, Li Y, Liu F, Zang K, Zhang P, Qu S, Zhao J, Xue J. Isolation and Cultivation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from the Mouse Circle of Willis. J Vasc Res 2023; 60:234-244. [PMID: 37643584 PMCID: PMC10614493 DOI: 10.1159/000532033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Culturing cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) in vitro can provide a model for studying many cerebrovascular diseases. This study describes a convenient and efficient method to obtain mouse CVSMCs by enzyme digestion. METHODS Mouse circle of Willis was isolated, digested, and cultured with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) to promote CVSMC growth, and CVSMCs were identified by morphology, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry. The effect of PDGF-BB on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, morphological observations, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. RESULTS CVSMCs cultured in a PDGF-BB-free culture medium had a typical peak-to-valley growth pattern after approximately 14 days. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry detected strong positive expression of the cell type-specific markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 11 (SMMHC), smooth muscle protein 22 (SM22), calponin, and desmin. In the CCK-8 assay and Western blotting, cells incubated with PDGF-BB had significantly enhanced proliferation compared to those without PDGF-BB. CONCLUSION We obtained highly purified VSMCs from the mouse circle of Willis using simple methods, providing experimental materials for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of neurovascular diseases in vitro. Moreover, the experimental efficiency improved with PDGF-BB, shortening the cell cultivation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengzhou Liu
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kehai Zang
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuai Qu
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junhui Xue
- Center for Aerospace Clinical Medicine, Department of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Aviation Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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16
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Yuan T, Jia Q, Zhu B, Chen D, Long H. Synergistic immunotherapy targeting cancer-associated anemia: prospects of a combination strategy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:117. [PMID: 37208766 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated anemia promotes tumor progression, leads to poor quality of life in patients with cancer, and even obstructs the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. However, the precise mechanism for cancer-associated anemia remains unknown and the feasible strategy to target cancer-associated anemia synergizing immunotherapy needs to be clarified. Here, we review the possible mechanisms of cancer-induced anemia regarding decreased erythropoiesis and increased erythrocyte destruction, and cancer treatment-induced anemia. Moreover, we summarize the current paradigm for cancer-associated anemia treatment. Finally, we propose some prospective paradigms to slow down cancer-associated anemia and synergistic the efficacy of immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yuan
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Degao Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Han J, Luo L, Kasim V, Wu S. Salidroside facilitates therapeutic angiogenesis in diabetic hindlimb ischemia by inhibiting ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114245. [PMID: 36638593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hindlimb ischemia (HLI), in which blood perfusion to the hindlimb is obstructed, is one of the major complications of diabetes. Skeletal muscle cells are crucial for revascularization as they can secrete various angiogenic factors; however, hyperglycemia impairs their viability and subsequently their angiogenic potential. Salidroside can promote skeletal muscle cell viability under hyperglycemia; however, the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. Here we revealed that salidroside could suppress hyperglycemia-induced ferroptosis in skeletal muscle cells by promoting GPX4 expression, thereby restoring their viability and paracrine functions. These in turn promoted the proliferation and migration potentials of blood vessel-forming cells. Furthermore, we showed that salidroside/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis inhibition is crucial for promoting angiogenesis and blood perfusion recovery in diabetic HLI mice. Together, we reveal a novel molecular mechanism of salidroside in enhancing skeletal muscle cells-mediated revascularization and blood perfusion recovery in diabetic HLI mice, further highlighting it as a potential compound for treating diabetic HLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jingxuan Han
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lailiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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18
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Zhuang Y, Liu K, He Q, Gu X, Jiang C, Wu J. Hypoxia signaling in cancer: Implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e203. [PMID: 36703877 PMCID: PMC9870816 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver of malignancy, and in recent years, it has been recognized as an important target for cancer therapy. Hypoxia occurs in the majority of solid tumors due to a poor vascular oxygen supply that is not sufficient to meet the needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. A hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) can reduce the effectiveness of other tumor therapies, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the critical role of hypoxia in tumor development, including tumor metabolism, tumor immunity, and tumor angiogenesis. The treatment methods for hypoxic TME are summarized, including hypoxia-targeted therapy and improving oxygenation by alleviating tumor hypoxia itself. Hyperoxia therapy can be used to improve tissue oxygen partial pressure and relieve tumor hypoxia. We focus on the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxia and their impact on current cancer therapies and discuss the prospects of hyperoxia therapy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Chunping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina,Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
| | - Junhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyNational Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular MedicineMedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjing UniversityNanjingChina,Microecological, Regenerative and Microfabrication Technical Platform for Biomedicine and Tissue EngineeringJinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinan CityChina
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19
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Lee J, Dey S, Rajvanshi PK, Merling RK, Teng R, Rogers HM, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for erythropoietin stimulated erythropoiesis in mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1144110. [PMID: 36895793 PMCID: PMC9988911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1144110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO), produced in the kidney in a hypoxia responsive manner, is required for red blood cell production. In non-erythroid tissue, EPO increases endothelial cell production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that regulates vascular tone to improve oxygen delivery. This contributes to EPO cardioprotective activity in mouse models. Nitric oxide treatment in mice shifts hematopoiesis toward the erythroid lineage, increases red blood cell production and total hemoglobin. In erythroid cells, nitric oxide can also be generated by hydroxyurea metabolism that may contribute to hydroxyurea induction of fetal hemoglobin. We find that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that neuronal nitric oxide synthase is required for normal erythropoietic response. Methods: Wild type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletion of nNOS (nNOS-/-) and eNOS (eNOS-/-) were assessed for EPO stimulated erythropoietic response. Bone marrow erythropoietic activity was assessed in culture by EPO dependent erythroid colony assay and in vivo by bone marrow transplantation into recipient WT mice. Contribution of nNOS to EPO stimulated cell proliferation was assessed in EPO dependent erythroid cells and in primary human erythroid progenitor cell cultures. Results: EPO treatment increased hematocrit similarly in WT and eNOS-/- mice and showed a lower increase in hematocrit nNOS-/- mice. Erythroid colony assays from bone marrow cells were comparable in number from wild type, eNOS-/- and nNOS-/- mice at low EPO concentration. Colony number increased at high EPO concentration is seen only in cultures from bone marrow cells of wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Colony size with high EPO treatment also exhibited a marked increase in erythroid cultures from wild type and eNOS-/- mice but not from nNOS-/- mice. Bone marrow transplant from nNOS-/- mice into immunodeficient mice showed engraftment at comparable levels to WT bone marrow transplant. With EPO treatment, the increase in hematocrit was blunted in recipient mice that received with nNOS-/- donor marrow compared with recipient mice that received WT donor marrow. In erythroid cell cultures, addition of nNOS inhibitor resulted in decreased EPO dependent proliferation mediated in part by decreased EPO receptor expression, and decreased proliferation of hemin induced differentiating erythroid cells. Discussion: EPO treatment in mice and in corresponding cultures of bone marrow erythropoiesis suggest an intrinsic defect in erythropoietic response of nNOS-/- mice to high EPO stimulation. Transplantation of bone marrow from donor WT or nNOS-/- mice into recipient WT mice showed that EPO treatment post-transplant recapitulated the response of donor mice. Culture studies suggest nNOS regulation of EPO dependent erythroid cell proliferation, expression of EPO receptor and cell cycle associated genes, and AKT activation. These data provide evidence that nitric oxide modulates EPO dose dependent erythropoietic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soumyadeep Dey
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Praveen K Rajvanshi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Randall K Merling
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ruifeng Teng
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Fang J, Ji Q, Gao S, Xiao Z, Liu W, Hu Y, Lv Y, Chen G, Mu Y, Cai H, Chen J, Liu P. PDGF-BB is involved in HIF-1α/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis promoting capillarization of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12715. [PMID: 36685431 PMCID: PMC9852936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The activation of HIF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) could downregulate CXCR7, leading to the capillarization of LSECs to promote hepatic fibrosis. However, the mechanism between CXCR4 and CXCR7 is still undefined. The aim is to investigate the role of PDGF-BB in the dedifferentiation of LSECs and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Methods The activation of HIF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in two kinds of liver fibrosis models were observed. The effects of HIF-1α, CXCR4, PDGF-BB on the dedifferentiation of LSECs were investigated by using the inhibitors of HIF-1α, CXCR4 or PDGFR-β separately or transfecting with a CXCR4 knockdown lentiviral vector. In addition, the relationship between LSECs and HSCs was demonstrated by co-culture of LSECs and HSCs using the transwell chamber. Results CXCR4 upregulation and CXCR7 downregulation were accompanied by LSECs capillarization and HSCs activation both in CCl4-induced and BDL-induced fibrotic liver. In vitro, downregulation of HIF-1α significantly descreased CXCR4 and CD31 expression, and enhanced the expressions of CXCR7, CD44 and LYVE1. Downregulation of CXCR4 in LSECs significantly downregulated PDGF-BB, PDGFR-β and CD31, and enhanced CXCR7, CD44 and LYVE1 expression, while the expression of HIF-1α did not change significantly. STI571, a PDGF receptor inhibitor, could significantly downregulate PDGFR-β and increase the expression of CXCR7 to inhibit the dedifferentiation of LSECs. In addition, alleviateion the dedifferentiation of LSECs could decrease the expression of PDGFR-β of HSCs, then inhibiting the activation of HSCs. Conclusions This study revealed that HIF-1α/CXCR4/PDGF-BB/CXCR7 axis promoted the dedifferentiation of LSECs, consequently triggering HSCs activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qiang Ji
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhun Xiao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongping Mu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361015, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Corresponding author. Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China,Corresponding author. Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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21
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Zhang H, Wan GZ, Wang YY, Chen W, Guan JZ. The role of erythrocytes and erythroid progenitor cells in tumors. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1641-1656. [PMID: 36567722 PMCID: PMC9755711 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current research context of precision treatment of malignant tumors, the advantages of immunotherapy are unmatched by conventional antitumor therapy, which can prolong progression-free survival and overall survival. The search for new targets and novel combination therapies can improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and reduce adverse effects. Since current research targets for immunotherapy mainly focus on lymphocytes, little research has been done on erythrocytes. Nucleated erythroid precursor stem cells have been discovered to play an essential role in tumor progression. Researchers are exploring new targets and therapeutic approaches for immunotherapy from the perspective of erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs). Recent studies have shown that different subtypes of EPCs have specific surface markers and distinct biological roles in tumor immunity. CD45+ EPCs are potent myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressants that reduce the patient's antitumor immune response. CD45- EPCs promote tumor invasion and metastasis by secreting artemin. A specific type of EPC also promotes angiogenesis and provides radiation protection. Therefore, EPCs may be involved in tumor growth, infiltration, and metastasis. It may also be an important cause of anti-angiogenesis and immunotherapy resistance. This review summarizes recent research advances in erythropoiesis, EPC features, and their impacts and processes on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China,Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China,Postgraduate Department of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Guang-zhi Wan
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yu-ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Guan
- Department of Oncology, The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People’s Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
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22
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Plackoska V, Shaban D, Nijnik A. Hematologic dysfunction in cancer: Mechanisms, effects on antitumor immunity, and roles in disease progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041010. [PMID: 36561751 PMCID: PMC9763314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the major advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy, it is critical to consider that most immune cells are short-lived and need to be continuously replenished from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Hematologic abnormalities are prevalent in cancer patients, and many ground-breaking studies over the past decade provide insights into their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Such studies demonstrate that the dysfunction of hematopoiesis is more than a side-effect of cancer pathology, but an important systemic feature of cancer disease. Here we review these many advances, covering the cancer-associated phenotypes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, the dysfunction of myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis, the importance of extramedullary hematopoiesis in cancer disease, and the developmental origins of tumor associated macrophages. We address the roles of many secreted mediators, signaling pathways, and transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate such hematopoietic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the important contribution of the hematopoietic dysfunction to cancer immunosuppression, the possible avenues for therapeutic intervention, and highlight the unanswered questions and directions for future work. Overall, hematopoietic dysfunction is established as an active component of the cancer disease mechanisms and an important target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Plackoska
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dania Shaban
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Anastasia Nijnik,
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23
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Tabu K, Taga T. Cancer ego-system in glioma: an iron-replenishing niche network systemically self-organized by cancer stem cells. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:54. [PMID: 36451253 PMCID: PMC9710158 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
For all living organisms, the adaptation to outside environments is an essential determinant to survive natural and artificial selections and to sustain the whole ecosystem intact with functional biodiversity. Likewise, cancer cells have similar characteristics that evade not only stresses from the host-internal innate and adaptive immune systems but also those from host-externally administered therapeutic interventions. Such selfish characteristics of cancer cells lead to the formation of cancerous ecosystem with a wide variety of phenotypic heterogeneity, which should be called cancer "egosystem" from the host point of view. Recently increasing evidence demonstrates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for this cancer egosystem by effectively exploiting host inflammatory and hematopoietic cells and thereby reconstructing their own advantageous niches, which may well be a driving force in cancer recurrence. CSCs are further likely to render multiple niches mutually interconnected and cooperating as a network to support back CSCs themselves. Here, we summarize a recently identified iron-replenishing niche network self-organized by glioma CSCs (GSCs) through remote regulation of host myeloid and erythroid lineage cells. GSCs recruit bone marrow (BM)-derived inflammatory monocytes into tumor parenchyma, facilitate their differentiation into macrophages (Mφs) and skew their polarization into pro-tumoral phenotype, i.e., tumor-associated Mφs (TAMs). Meanwhile, GSCs distantly enhance erythropoiesis in host hematopoietic organs like BM and spleen potentially by secreting some soluble mediators that maintain continuous supply of erythrocytes within tumors. In addition, as normal red pulp Mφs (RPMs) under steady state conditions in spleen recycle iron by phagocytosing the aged or damaged erythrocytes (a/dECs) and release it in time of need, TAMs at least in gliomas phagocytose the hemorrhaged erythrocytes within tumors and potentially serve as a source of iron, an important nutrient indispensable to GSC survival and glioma progression. Taken together, these studies provide the substantial evidence that CSCs have a unique strategy to orchestrate multiple niches as an ecosystem that threatens the host living, which in this sense must be an egosystem. Targeting such an adaptive subpopulation of CSCs could achieve drastic disturbance of the CSC niches and subsequent extinction of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tabu
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- grid.265073.50000 0001 1014 9130Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
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24
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Chen Y, Jiang L, Lyu K, Lu J, Long L, Wang X, Liu T, Li S. A Promising Candidate in Tendon Healing Events—PDGF-BB. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101518. [PMID: 36291727 PMCID: PMC9599567 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders for which patients seek medical aid, reducing not only the quality of life of the patient but also imposing a significant economic burden on society. The administration of growth factors at the wound site is a feasible solution for enhancing tendon healing. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) has a well-defined safety profile compared to other growth factors and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of PDGF-BB in tendon healing through a comprehensive review of the published literature. Experimental studies suggest that PDGF-BB has a positive effect on tendon healing by enhancing inflammatory responses, speeding up angiogenesis, stimulating tendon cell proliferation, increasing collagen synthesis and increasing the biomechanics of the repaired tendon. PDGF-BB is regarded as a promising candidate in tendon healing. However, in order to realize its full potential, we still need to carefully consider and study key issues such as dose and application time in the future, so as to explore further applications of PDGF-BB in the tendon healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- Neurology Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sen Li
- Spinal Surgery Department, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (S.L.)
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Generation of mega brown adipose tissue in adults by controlling brown adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203307119. [PMID: 36161914 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203307119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a highly specialized adipose tissue in its immobile location and size during the entire adulthood. In response to cold exposure and other β3-adrenoreceptor stimuli, BAT commits energy consumption by nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). However, the molecular machinery in controlling the BAT mass in adults is unknown. Here, we show our surprising findings that the BAT mass and functions can be manipulated in adult animals by controlling BAT adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFα) expressed in BAT progenitor cells served a signaling function to avert adipose progenitor differentiation. Genetic and pharmacological loss-of-function of PDGFRα eliminated the differentiation barrier and permitted progenitor cell differentiation to mature and functional BAT adipocytes. Consequently, an enlarged BAT mass (megaBAT) was created by PDGFRα inhibition owing to increases of brown adipocyte numbers. Under cold exposure, a microRNA-485 (miR-485) was identified as a master suppressor of the PDGFRα signaling, and delivery of miR-485 also produced megaBAT in adult animals. Noticeably, megaBAT markedly improved global metabolism, insulin sensitivity, high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and diabetes by enhancing NST. Together, our findings demonstrate that the adult BAT mass can be increased by blocking the previously unprecedented inhibitory signaling for BAT progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, blocking the PDGFRα for the generation of megaBAT provides an attractive strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Wang J, Guo X, Jiang R, He J, Zhao T, Peng Y, Zheng Y. Research progress in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis in Chinese medicine based on miRNAs molecular regulation of angiogenesis. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH - MODERN CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 4:100151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
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Li Y, Yang F, Li S, Yuan R, Xiang Y. Target-triggered tertiary amplifications for sensitive and label-free protein detection based on lighting-up RNA aptamer transcriptions. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1217:340028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vignjević Petrinović S, Jauković A, Milošević M, Bugarski D, Budeč M. Targeting Stress Erythropoiesis Pathways in Cancer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:844042. [PMID: 35694408 PMCID: PMC9174937 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.844042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is a common multifactorial disorder that adversely affects the quality of life and overall prognosis in patients with cancer. Safety concerns associated with the most common CRA treatment options, including intravenous iron therapy and erythropoietic-stimulating agents, have often resulted in no or suboptimal anemia management for many cancer patients. Chronic anemia creates a vital need to restore normal erythropoietic output and therefore activates the mechanisms of stress erythropoiesis (SE). A growing body of evidence demonstrates that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) signaling, along with glucocorticoids, erythropoietin, stem cell factor, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and hypoxia-inducible factors, plays a pivotal role in SE. Nevertheless, a chronic state of SE may lead to ineffective erythropoiesis, characterized by the expansion of erythroid progenitor pool, that largely fails to differentiate and give rise to mature red blood cells, further aggravating CRA. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the emerging roles for stress erythroid progenitors and activated SE pathways in tumor progression, highlighting the urgent need to suppress ineffective erythropoiesis in cancer patients and develop an optimal treatment strategy as well as a personalized approach to CRA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Vignjević Petrinović
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jauković
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milošević
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Diana Bugarski
- Laboratory for Experimental Hematology and Stem Cells, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirela Budeč
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Diverse roles of tumor-stromal PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 154:93-140. [PMID: 35459473 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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Li R, Liu K, Huang X, Li D, Ding J, Liu B, Chen X. Bioactive Materials Promote Wound Healing through Modulation of Cell Behaviors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105152. [PMID: 35138042 PMCID: PMC8981489 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices to maximize regeneration and repair. Consequently, abnormalities in cell functions or pathways inevitably give rise to side effects, such as dysregulated inflammation, hyperplasia of nonmigratory epithelial cells, and lack of response to growth factors, which impedes angiogenesis and fibrosis. These issues may cause delayed wound healing or even non-healing states. Current clinical therapeutic approaches are predominantly dedicated to preventing infections and alleviating topical symptoms rather than addressing the modulation of wound microenvironments to achieve targeted outcomes. Bioactive materials, relying on their chemical, physical, and biological properties or as carriers of bioactive substances, can affect wound microenvironments and promote wound healing at the molecular level. By addressing the mechanisms of wound healing from the perspective of cell behaviors, this review discusses how bioactive materials modulate the microenvironments and cell behaviors within the wounds during the stages of hemostasis, anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling. A deeper understanding of cell behaviors during wound healing is bound to promote the development of more targeted and efficient bioactive materials for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotao Li
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Jianxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot SurgeryThe First Hospital of Jilin University1 Xinmin StreetChangchun130065P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer EcomaterialsChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences5625 Renmin StreetChangchun130022P. R. China
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31
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Zhang J, Cao L, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang M, Cheng C, Yu L, Xue F, Sui W, Sun S, li N, Bu P, Liu B, Gao F, Zhen J, Su G, Zhang C, Gao C, Zhang M, Zhang Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 plays a critical role in hypertensive nephropathy by promoting proteasomal degradation of MAP3K7 in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:556-567. [PMID: 34584221 PMCID: PMC8901735 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis and inflammation are critical for the initiation and progression of hypertensive renal disease (HRD). However, the signaling mechanisms underlying their induction are poorly understood, and the role of tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in HRD remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of TRIM31 in the pathogenesis of HRD, discover targets of TRIM31, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Pathological specimens of human HRD kidney were collected and an angiotensin II (AngII)-induced HRD mouse model was developed. We found that TRIM31 was markedly reduced in both human and mouse HRD renal tissues. A TRIM31-/- mice was thus constructed and showed significantly aggravated hypertension-induced renal dysfunction, fibrosis, and inflammation, following chronic AngII infusion compared with TRIM31+/+ mice. In contrast, overexpression of TRIM31 by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 into C57BL/6J mice markedly ameliorated renal dysfunction, fibrotic and inflammatory response in AngII-induced HRD relative to AAV-control mice. Mechanistically, TRIM31 interacted with and catalyzed the K48-linked polyubiquitination of lysine 72 on Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (MAP3K7), followed by the proteasomal degradation of MAP3K7, which further negatively regulated TGF-β1-mediated Smad and MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated for the first time that TRIM31 serves as an important regulator in AngII-induced HRD by promoting MAP3K7 K48-linked polyubiquitination and inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Cao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Yu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xue
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhai Sui
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwen Sun
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na li
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bingyu Liu
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Gao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- grid.452402.50000 0004 1808 3430Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guohai Su
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China ,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China ,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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32
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Aimaitijiang A, Tabu K, Wang W, Nobuhisa I, Taga T. Glioma cells remotely promote erythropoiesis as a self-expanding strategy of cancer stem cells. Genes Cells 2021; 27:25-42. [PMID: 34837452 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a promising target for cancer eradication due to their responsibility for therapy-resistance and cancer recurrence. Previously, we have demonstrated that glioma stem cells (GSCs) recruit and induce the differentiation of bone marrow (BM) monocytes into tumor-infiltrating macrophages, which phagocytose hemorrhaged erythrocytes and store GSC-beneficial iron in mouse xenografts, suggesting a self-expanding strategy of GSCs that exploits host hematopoiesis of myeloid cells. However, it remains unclear whether a self-advantageous effect of GSCs also occurs on erythroid cells during glioma development. Here, we found that, in the primary cultures of mouse fetal liver proerythroblasts (proEs), conditioned media prepared from glioma cells including patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) cells significantly facilitated the differentiation of proEs into erythroblasts. Importantly, in-vivo erythroid analysis in intracranially GSC-transplanted mice showed an enhanced erythropoiesis in the BM. In addition, the sphere forming ability of patient-derived GBM cells was significantly suppressed by hypoxia treatment and iron chelation, suggesting higher demands of GSCs for oxygen and iron, which may be supplied by GSCs- and their progeny-induced erythrocyte production. Our findings provide a new insight into survival and expanding strategies of GSCs that systemically exploit host erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alapati Aimaitijiang
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tabu
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Yip RKH, Rimes JS, Capaldo BD, Vaillant F, Mouchemore KA, Pal B, Chen Y, Surgenor E, Murphy AJ, Anderson RL, Smyth GK, Lindeman GJ, Hawkins ED, Visvader JE. Mammary tumour cells remodel the bone marrow vascular microenvironment to support metastasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6920. [PMID: 34836954 PMCID: PMC8626461 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is a preferred metastatic site for multiple solid tumours and is associated with poor prognosis and significant morbidity. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer cells colonise specialised niches within the bone marrow to support their long-term propagation, but the precise location and mechanisms that mediate niche interactions are unknown. Using breast cancer as a model of solid tumour metastasis to the bone marrow, we applied large-scale quantitative three-dimensional imaging to characterise temporal changes in the bone marrow microenvironment during disease progression. We show that mouse mammary tumour cells preferentially home to a pre-existing metaphyseal domain enriched for type H vessels. Metastatic lesion outgrowth rapidly remodelled the local vasculature through extensive sprouting to establish a tumour-supportive microenvironment. The evolution of this tumour microenvironment reflects direct remodelling of the vascular endothelium through tumour-derived granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a hematopoietic cell-independent manner. Therapeutic targeting of the metastatic niche by blocking G-CSF receptor inhibited pathological blood vessel remodelling and reduced bone metastasis burden. These findings elucidate a mechanism of 'host' microenvironment hijacking by mammary tumour cells to subvert the local microvasculature to form a specialised, pro-tumorigenic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond K. H. Yip
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Joel S. Rimes
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1042.7Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Bianca D. Capaldo
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Kellie A. Mouchemore
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia ,grid.482637.cOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Bhupinder Pal
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia ,grid.482637.cOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Yunshun Chen
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1042.7Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Elliot Surgenor
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Robin L. Anderson
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086 Australia ,grid.482637.cOlivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084 Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- grid.1042.7Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Lindeman
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1055.10000000403978434Department of Medical Oncology and Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050 Australia
| | - Edwin D. Hawkins
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia ,grid.1042.7Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jane E. Visvader
- grid.1042.7ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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34
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Massimini M, Romanucci M, De Maria R, Della Salda L. An Update on Molecular Pathways Regulating Vasculogenic Mimicry in Human Osteosarcoma and Their Role in Canine Oncology. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722432. [PMID: 34631854 PMCID: PMC8494780 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine tumors are valuable comparative models for human counterparts, especially to explore novel biomarkers and to understand pathways and processes involved in metastasis. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a unique property of malignant cancer cells which promote metastasis. Thus, it represents an opportunity to investigate both the molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic targets of a crucial phenotypic malignant switch. Although this biological process has been largely investigated in different human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, it is still largely unknown in veterinary pathology, where it has been mainly explored in canine mammary tumors. The presence of VM in human osteosarcoma is associated with poor clinical outcome, reduced patient survival, and increased risk of metastasis and it shares the main pathways involved in other type of human tumors. This review illustrates the main findings concerning the VM process in human osteosarcoma, search for the related current knowledge in canine pathology and oncology, and potential involvement of multiple pathways in VM formation, in order to provide a basis for future investigations on VM in canine tumors.
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35
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Guzman RA, Maruyama M, Moeinzadeh S, Lui E, Zhang N, Storaci HW, Tam K, Huang EE, Utsunomiya T, Rhee C, Gao Q, Yao Z, Yang YP, Goodman SB. The effect of genetically modified platelet-derived growth factor-BB over-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells during core decompression for steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:503. [PMID: 34526115 PMCID: PMC8444495 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one third of patients undergoing core decompression (CD) for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) experience progression of the disease, and subsequently require total hip arthroplasty (THA). Thus, identifying adjunctive treatments to optimize bone regeneration during CD is an unmet clinical need. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB plays a central role in cell growth and differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that were genetically modified to overexpress PDGF-BB (PDGF-BB-MSCs) in vitro and evaluate their therapeutic effect when injected into the bone tunnel at the time of CD in an in vivo rabbit model of steroid-associated ONFH. METHODS In vitro studies: Rabbit MSCs were transduced with a lentivirus vector carrying the human PDGF-BB gene under the control of either the cytomegalovirus (CMV) or phosphoglycerate (PGK) promoter. The proliferative rate, PDGF-BB expression level, and osteogenic differentiation capacity of unmodified MSCs, CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs, and PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs were assessed. In vivo studies: Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits received an intramuscular (IM) injection of methylprednisolone 20 mg/kg. Four weeks later, the rabbits were divided into four groups: the CD group, the hydrogel [HG, (a collagen-alginate mixture)] group, the MSC group, and the PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group. Eight weeks later, the rabbits were sacrificed, their femurs were harvested, and microCT, mechanical testing, and histological analyses were performed. RESULTS In vitro studies: PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs proliferated more rapidly than unmodified MSCs (P < 0.001) and CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs (P < 0.05) at days 3 and 7. CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs demonstrated greater PDGF-BB expression than PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs (P < 0.01). However, PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase staining at 14 days (P < 0.01), and osteogenic differentiation at 28 days (P = 0.07) than CMV-PDGF-BB-MSCs. In vivo: The PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group had a trend towards greater bone mineral density (BMD) than the CD group (P = 0.074). The PGK-PDGF-BB-MSC group demonstrated significantly lower numbers of empty lacunae (P < 0.001), greater osteoclast density (P < 0.01), and greater angiogenesis (P < 0.01) than the other treatment groups. CONCLUSION The use of PGK-PDGF-BB-MSCs as an adjunctive treatment with CD may reduce progression of osteonecrosis and enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis in the treatment of early-stage ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alfonso Guzman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hunter W Storaci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kaysie Tam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elijah Ejun Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Takeshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Claire Rhee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Edwards R155, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA.
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36
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Du S, Yang Z, Lu X, Yousuf S, Zhao M, Li W, Miao J, Wang X, Yu H, Zhu X, Chen H, Shi L, Xu E, Xia X, Guan W. Anoikis resistant gastric cancer cells promote angiogenesis and peritoneal metastasis through C/EBPβ-mediated PDGFB autocrine and paracrine signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:5764-5779. [PMID: 34341514 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anoikis is a type of programmed cell death induced by loss of anchorage to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Anoikis resistance (AR) is crucial for the survival of metastatic cancer cells in blood, lymphatic circulation and distant organs. Compared to ordinary cancer cells, anoikis resistant cancer cells undergo various cellular and molecular alterations, probably characterizing the cells with unique features not limited to anoikis resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms connecting anoikis resistance to other metastatic properties are still poorly understood. Here, the biological interaction between anoikis resistance and angiogenesis as well as their involvement into peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The prognostic value of key components involved in this interaction was evaluated in the GC cohort. Compared to ordinary GC cells, GCAR cells exhibited stronger metastatic and pro-angiogenic traits corresponding to elevated PDGFB secretion. Mechanistically, transcription factor C/EBPβ facilitated PDGFB transcription by directly binding to and interacting with PDGFB promoter elements, subsequently increasing PDGFB secretion. Secreted PDGFB promoted the survival of detached GC cells through a C/EBPβ-dependent self-feedback loop. Moreover, secreted PDGFB promoted angiogenesis in metastases via activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells. Both C/EBPβ activation level and PDGFB expression were significantly elevated in GC and correlated with metastatic progression and poor prognosis of patients with GC. Overall, interaction between GCAR cells and vascular endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis and peritoneal metastasis of GC based on C/EBPβ-mediated PDGFB autocrine and paracrine signaling. C/EBPβ-PDGFB-PDGFRβ-MAPK axis promises to be potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for peritoneal metastasis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangce Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Suhail Yousuf
- Department of Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wenxi Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ji Miao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xingzhou Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xinya Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Linseng Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - En Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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Vimalraj S, Subramanian R, Saravanan S, Arumugam B, Anuradha D. MicroRNA-432-5p regulates sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in osteosarcoma microenvironment by targeting PDGFB. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1011-1025. [PMID: 33846539 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone tumor conferred with high metastatic potential. Attainable growth of tumors necessitates functional vasculature mediated by sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA). However, the regulation of IA and SA is still unclear in OS. To understand the mechanisms adopted by OS to induce angiogenesis, initially, we assessed the expression profile of a set of miRNAs' in both OS cells (SaOS2 and MG63) and normal bone cells. Amongst them, miR-432-5p was found to be highly downregulated in OS. The functional role of miR-432-5p in OS was further analyzed using miR-432-5p mimic/inhibitor. Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) was found to be a putative target of miR-432-5p and it was further confirmed that the PDGFB 3'UTR is directly targeted by miR-432-5p using the luciferase reporter gene system. PDGFB was found to be secreted by OS to regulate angiogenesis by targeting the cells in its microenvironment. The conditioned medium obtained from miR-432-5p mimic transfected MG63 and SaOS2 cells decreased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and aorta ring formation in endothelial cells. The miRNA mimic/inhibitor transfected MG63 and SaOS2 cells were placed on SA (day 6) and IA (day 9) phase of CAM development to analyze SA and IA mechanisms. It was found that miR-432-5p mimic transfection in OS promotes the transition of SA to IA which was documented by the angiogenic parameters and SA and IA-associated gene expression. Interestingly, this outcome was also supported by the zebrafish tumor xenograft model. Corroborating these results, it is clear that miR-432-5p expression in OS cells regulates SA and IA by targeting PDGFB genes. We conclude that targeting miR-432-5p/PDGFB signaling can be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat OS along with other existing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ide S, Arai N, Morimitsu N, Momose H, Hayashi M, Watanabe-Asaka T, Ishida T, Tanaka S, Seto T, Kawai Y, Kawamata M, Ohhashi T. Another route of CO2 gas excretion independent of red blood cells in human lungs. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1657-1666. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02586-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tillie RJHA, Theelen TL, van Kuijk K, Temmerman L, de Bruijn J, Gijbels M, Betsholtz C, Biessen EAL, Sluimer JC. A Switch from Cell-Associated to Soluble PDGF-B Protects against Atherosclerosis, despite Driving Extramedullary Hematopoiesis. Cells 2021; 10:1746. [PMID: 34359916 PMCID: PMC8308020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) is a mitogenic, migratory and survival factor. Cell-associated PDGF-B recruits stabilizing pericytes towards blood vessels through retention in extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that the genetic ablation of cell-associated PDGF-B by retention motif deletion would reduce the local availability of PDGF-B, resulting in microvascular pericyte loss, microvascular permeability and exacerbated atherosclerosis. Therefore, Ldlr-/-Pdgfbret/ret mice were fed a high cholesterol diet. Although plaque size was increased in the aortic root of Pdgfbret/ret mice, microvessel density and intraplaque hemorrhage were unexpectedly unaffected. Plaque macrophage content was reduced, which is likely attributable to increased apoptosis, as judged by increased TUNEL+ cells in Pdgfbret/ret plaques (2.1-fold) and increased Pdgfbret/ret macrophage apoptosis upon 7-ketocholesterol or oxidized LDL incubation in vitro. Moreover, Pdgfbret/ret plaque collagen content increased independent of mesenchymal cell density. The decreased macrophage matrix metalloproteinase activity could partly explain Pdgfbret/ret collagen content. In addition to the beneficial vascular effects, we observed reduced body weight gain related to smaller fat deposition in Pdgfbret/ret liver and adipose tissue. While dampening plaque inflammation, Pdgfbret/ret paradoxically induced systemic leukocytosis. The increased incorporation of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine indicated increased extramedullary hematopoiesis and the increased proliferation of circulating leukocytes. We concluded that Pdgfbret/ret confers vascular and metabolic effects, which appeared to be protective against diet-induced cardiovascular burden. These effects were unrelated to arterial mesenchymal cell content or adventitial microvessel density and leakage. In contrast, the deletion drives splenic hematopoiesis and subsequent leukocytosis in hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée J. H. A. Tillie
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Thomas L. Theelen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Kim van Kuijk
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Lieve Temmerman
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Jenny de Bruijn
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
| | - Marion Gijbels
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Erik A. L. Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.J.H.A.T.); (T.L.T.); (K.v.K.); (L.T.); (J.d.B.); (M.G.); (E.A.L.B.)
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences (CVS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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40
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Jin H, Zheng W, Hou J, Peng H, Zhuo H. An Essential NRP1-Mediated Role for Tagln2 in Gastric Cancer Angiogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653246. [PMID: 34150622 PMCID: PMC8213069 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the precise biological role and underlying mechanism of Tagln2 in tumor progression is relatively limited, especially in angiogenesis focused on tumor derived endothelial cells (ECs) has rarely been reported. Here, the function, molecular mechanism and potential clinical value of Tagln2 in gastric cancer (GC) angiogenesis were investigated. GC tissue microarrays were used to assess the expression of Tagln2 in ECs. The relationships between expression and clinicopathological features were analyzed to evaluate the clinical value of Tagln2. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were performed in ECs to investigate the functions of Tagln2 in angiogenesis. A combination of angiogenesis antibody array, RNA-Seq analyses and a series of in vitro experiments were performed to reveal the proangiogenic mechanism mediated by NRP1. Immunohistochemistry performed on an independent tissue chip (n=75) revealed significant upregulation of Tagln2 in tumor-derived ECs which were specifically immunolabeled with CD34. Additionally, high Tagln2 levels correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node as well as distant metastases. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches highlighted the function of Tagln2 in promoting EC proliferation, motility, and capillary-like tube formation and in reducing apoptosis. Tagln2 upregulation led to significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of NRP1 and subsequently activated the NRP1/VEGFR2 and downstream MAPK signaling pathways. These data indicate the importance of Tagln2 in angiogenesis, as a potential therapeutic target, and as a candidate prognostic marker in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Biomarker Translational Medicine, Medical Laboratory of Xiamen Humanity Hospital Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen, China
| | - Huifang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Huiqin Zhuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiamen Municipal Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Xiamen, China
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41
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A new sulfated triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis, and evaluation of its antifungal, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116188. [PMID: 34000508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our continuing search for marine bioactive secondary metabolites led to the screening of crude extracts of sea cucumbers by the model of Pyricularia oryzae. A new sulfated triterpene glycoside, coloquadranoside A (1), together with four known triterpene glycosides, philinopside A, B, E and pentactaside B (2-5) were isolated from the sea cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis, and their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscope analysis (ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical methods. Coloquadranoside A possesses a 16-acetyloxy group in the holostane-type triterpene aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond, a double bond (25,26) at its side chain, and two β-d-xylose in the carbohydrate chain. Coloquadranoside A exhibits in vitro some antifungus, considerable cytotoxicity (IC50 of 0.46-2.03 μM) against eight human tumor cell lines, in vivo antitumor, and immunomodulatory activity.
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42
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Wang G, Zhang M, Cheng M, Wang X, Li K, Chen J, Chen Z, Chen S, Chen J, Xiong G, Xu X, Wang C, Chen D. Tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Functions and regulatory mechanisms. Cancer Lett 2021; 507:55-69. [PMID: 33741424 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment has been recently reported to play a pivotal role in sustaining tumor cells survival and protecting them from immunotherapy and chemotherapy-induced death. It remains largely unknown how the specific signaling pathway exerts the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma though previous studies have elucidated the regulatory mechanisms involve in tumor immune microenvironment, stromal cells, tumor angiogenesis and cancer stem cell. These components are responsible for tumor progression as well as anti-cancer therapy resistance, leading to rapid tumor growth and treatment failure. In this review, we focus on discussing the interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding components for better understanding of anti-cancer treatment ineffectiveness and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganping Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gan Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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43
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Grzywa TM, Justyniarska M, Nowis D, Golab J. Tumor Immune Evasion Induced by Dysregulation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:870. [PMID: 33669537 PMCID: PMC7922079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells harness normal cells to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Within this complex network of interactions, the establishment and maintenance of immune evasion mechanisms are crucial for cancer progression. The escape from the immune surveillance results from multiple independent mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that besides well-described myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) or regulatory T-cells (Tregs), erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the regulation of immune response and tumor progression. EPCs are immature erythroid cells that differentiate into oxygen-transporting red blood cells. They expand in the extramedullary sites, including the spleen, as well as infiltrate tumors. EPCs in cancer produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and express programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and potently suppress T-cells. Thus, EPCs regulate antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial immunity, leading to immune suppression. Moreover, EPCs promote tumor growth by the secretion of growth factors, including artemin. The expansion of EPCs in cancer is an effect of the dysregulation of erythropoiesis, leading to the differentiation arrest and enrichment of early-stage EPCs. Therefore, anemia treatment, targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, and the promotion of EPC differentiation are promising strategies to reduce cancer-induced immunosuppression and the tumor-promoting effects of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Justyniarska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (T.M.G.); (M.J.)
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44
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Zhang DX, Vu LT, Ismail NN, Le MTN, Grimson A. Landscape of extracellular vesicles in the tumour microenvironment: Interactions with stromal cells and with non-cell components, and impacts on metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:24-44. [PMID: 33545339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognised as a pivotal player in cell-cell communication, an attribute of EVs that derives from their ability to transport bioactive cargoes between cells, resulting in complex intercellular signalling mediated by EVs, which occurs under both physiological and pathological conditions. In the context of cancer, recent studies have demonstrated the versatile and crucial roles of EVs in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Here, we revisit EV biology, and focus on EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and neurons. In addition, we focus on recent reports indicating interactions between EVs and non-cell constituents within the TME, including the extracellular matrix. We also review and summarise the intricate cancer-associated network modulated by EVs, which promotes metabolic reprogramming, horizontal transfer of neoplastic traits, and therapeutic resistance in the TME. We aim to provide a comprehensive and updated landscape of EVs in the TME, focusing on oncogenesis, cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, together with our future perspectives on the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Xin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nur Nadiah Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Minh T N Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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45
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Zhang Q, Xiang W, Xue BZ, Yi DY, Zhao HY, Fu P. Growth factors contribute to the mediation of angiogenic capacity of glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:215. [PMID: 33552293 PMCID: PMC7836385 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important components of stromal cell populations and serve a crucial role in tumor growth and progression. Previously, our laboratory successfully isolated and cultured MSCs from human glioma issues and demonstrated that glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (gb-MSCs) participate in and maintain tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial cell growth factor, were demonstrated to be associated with endothelial cell tube formation. However, the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the angiogenic activity of gb-MSCs remains unknown. The present study aimed therefore to explore their effects in gb-MSCs angiogenesis. In the present study, gb-MSCs were isolated from patients with glioma and were characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation experiments. Furthermore, the results from tube formation assay revealed that TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB could mediate the angiogenic capacity of gb-MSCs in vitro. In addition, results from immunofluorescence demonstrated that gb-MSCs expressed TGF-β1R and PDGFR, which are the receptors for TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicated that TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB may serve a crucial role in mediating gb-MSC angiogenesis, which might provide a therapeutic strategy for targeting the angiogenic capacity of gb-MSCs in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhou Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ye Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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46
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Jiang X, Wang J, Deng X, Xiong F, Zhang S, Gong Z, Li X, Cao K, Deng H, He Y, Liao Q, Xiang B, Zhou M, Guo C, Zeng Z, Li G, Li X, Xiong W. The role of microenvironment in tumor angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:204. [PMID: 32993787 PMCID: PMC7526376 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is necessary for the continued survival and development of tumor cells, and plays an important role in their growth, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment—composed of tumor cells, surrounding cells, and secreted cytokines—provides a conducive environment for the growth and survival of tumors. Different components of the tumor microenvironment can regulate tumor development. In this review, we have discussed the regulatory role of the microenvironment in tumor angiogenesis. High expression of angiogenic factors and inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, as well as hypoxia, are presumed to be the reasons for poor therapeutic efficacy of current anti-angiogenic drugs. A combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and antitumor inflammatory drugs or hypoxia inhibitors might improve the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangying Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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47
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Steenbrugge J, De Jaeghere EA, Meyer E, Denys H, De Wever O. Splenic Hematopoietic and Stromal Cells in Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2020; 81:27-34. [PMID: 32998999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived secretory factors orchestrate splenic hematopoietic and stromal cells to fuel metastasis. The spleen acts as a reservoir site for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which are rapidly exploited as myeloid-derived suppressor cells at the cost of tumor-reactive lymphoid cells. Splenic erythroid progenitor cells and mesenchymal stromal cells contribute directly and indirectly to both tumor immune escape and the metastatic cascade. Animal models provide valuable mechanistic insights, but their translation to a clinical setting highlights specific challenges and open issues. In this review, we envision the exploitation of the spleen as a source for novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emiel A De Jaeghere
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Denys
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Gynecologic Pelvic Oncology Network Ghent (GYPON), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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48
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Bi Y, Ding Y, Wu J, Miao Z, Wang J, Wang F. Staphylococcus aureus induces mammary gland fibrosis through activating the TLR/NF-κB and TLR/AP-1 signaling pathways in mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104427. [PMID: 32783982 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the TLR-NF-κB/AP-1 pathways in S. aureus infection-induced mammary gland fibrosis, mice were infected with S. aureus isolated from the mammary glands of cows with mastitis. Lactating mice were divided into three groups: control group (CON); PBS control group (PBS) and the S. aureus-treated group (S. aureus). Pathological observations revealed that neutrophil infiltration into mammary gland tissue was obviously induced by S. aureus at the early stage of infection (1-7 d). With persistent S. aureus infection, mammary gland fibrosis developed and was characterized by infiltration and proliferation of macrophage, lymphocyte and fibroblast and ECM hyperplasia (7-21 d). Immunohistochemistry staining showed upregulation of fibrosis associated cytokines viz bFGF and PDGF-BB. Real-time qPCR and Western blot analysis revealed that transcription and translation of TLR2, TLR4, bFGF, PDGF-BB, α-SMA and COL Ⅰ α1 was significantly upregulated by S. aureus. NF-κB p65 and AP-I c-jun were translocated into the nucleus after S. aureus infection. There was no remarkable difference between the CON and PBS groups. The datas indicate that mammary gland fibrosis in mice is induced by S. aureus, which promotes cytokine release and the expression of ECM though activating the TLR/NF-κB p65 and TLR/AP-1 c-jun signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Bi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaowuda Road 306, 010018, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China; School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Jianshe Road 31, 014040, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Ding
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaowuda Road 306, 010018, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmei Wu
- The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Erdos Street 50, 010031, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zengqiang Miao
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaowuda Road 306, 010018, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaowuda Road 306, 010018, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhaowuda Road 306, 010018, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Therapeutic paradigm of dual targeting VEGF and PDGF for effectively treating FGF-2 off-target tumors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3704. [PMID: 32709869 PMCID: PMC7382445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF-2 displays multifarious functions in regulation of angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. However, effective drugs for treating FGF-2+ tumors are unavailable. Here we show that FGF-2 modulates tumor vessels by recruiting NG2+ pricytes onto tumor microvessels through a PDGFRβ-dependent mechanism. FGF-2+ tumors are intrinsically resistant to clinically available drugs targeting VEGF and PDGF. Surprisingly, dual targeting the VEGF and PDGF signaling produces a superior antitumor effect in FGF-2+ breast cancer and fibrosarcoma models. Mechanistically, inhibition of PDGFRβ ablates FGF-2-recruited perivascular coverage, exposing anti-VEGF agents to inhibit vascular sprouting. These findings show that the off-target FGF-2 is a resistant biomarker for anti-VEGF and anti-PDGF monotherapy, but a highly beneficial marker for combination therapy. Our data shed light on mechanistic interactions between various angiogenic and remodeling factors in tumor neovascularization. Optimization of antiangiogenic drugs with different principles could produce therapeutic benefits for treating their resistant off-target cancers. Anti-VEGF therapy has many limitations that might be resolved by using combination treatment approaches. Here, the authors demonstrate that the dual-targeting of VEGF and PDGF is required for targeting resistant FGF2+ tumors which depend on the recruitment of pericytes on tumor microvessels.
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50
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Yang X, Chen D, Long H, Zhu B. The mechanisms of pathological extramedullary hematopoiesis in diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2723-2738. [PMID: 31974657 PMCID: PMC11104806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the expansion and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells outside of the bone marrow. In postnatal life, as a compensatory mechanism for ineffective hematopoiesis of the bone marrow, pathological EMH is triggered by hematopoietic disorders, insufficient hematopoietic compensation, and other pathological stress conditions, such as infection, advanced tumors, anemia, and metabolic stress. Pathological EMH has been reported in many organs, and the sites of pathological EMH may be related to reactivation of the embryonic hematopoietic structure in these organs. As a double-edged sword (blood and immune cell supplementation as well as clinical complications), pathological EMH has been widely studied in recent years. In particular, pathological EMH induced by late-stage tumors contributes to tumor immunosuppression. Thus, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of pathological EMH may be conducive to the development of therapies against the pathological processes that induce EMH. This article reviews the recent progress of research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathological EMH in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Degao Chen
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Haixia Long
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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