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Ma C, Li Y, Tian M, Deng Q, Qin X, Lu H, Gao J, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Zhang M, Bu P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang W. Gsα Regulates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2024; 134:e34-e51. [PMID: 38375634 PMCID: PMC10978275 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cardiovascular pathologies are induced by signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors via Gsα (G protein stimulatory α subunit) proteins. However, the specific cellular mechanisms that are driven by Gsα and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from single-cell and bulk sequencing were used to explore the expression of Gsα in atherosclerosis. The differentially expression and activity of Gsα were analyzed by immunofluorescence and cAMP measurements. Macrophage-specific Gsα knockout (Mac-GsαKO) mice were generated to study the effect on atherosclerosis. The role of Gsα was determined by transplanting bone marrow and performing assays for foam cell formation, Dil-ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) uptake, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS ScRNA-seq showed elevated Gnas in atherosclerotic mouse aorta's cholesterol metabolism macrophage cluster, while bulk sequencing confirmed increased GNAS expression in human plaque macrophage content. A significant upregulation of Gsα and active Gsα occurred in macrophages from human and mouse plaques. Ox-LDL could translocate Gsα from macrophage lipid rafts in short-term and promote Gnas transcription through ERK1/2 activation and C/EBPβ phosphorylation via oxidative stress in long-term. Atherosclerotic lesions from Mac-GsαKO mice displayed decreased lipid deposition compared with those from control mice. Additionally, Gsα deficiency alleviated lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, Gsα increased the levels of cAMP and transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element binding protein, which resulted in increased expression of CD36 and SR-A1. In the translational experiments, inhibiting Gsα activation with suramin or cpGN13 reduced lipid uptake, foam cell formation, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Gsα activation is enhanced during atherosclerotic progression and increases lipid uptake and foam cell formation. The genetic or chemical inactivation of Gsα inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that drugs targeting Gsα may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Lee S. Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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2
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Hwang GH, Pazyra-Murphy MF, Seo HS, Dhe-Paganon S, Stopka SA, DiPiazza M, Sutter N, Gero TW, Volkert A, Ombelets L, Dittemore G, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Agar NYR, Scott DA, Segal RA. A Benzarone Derivative Inhibits EYA to Suppress Tumor Growth in SHH Medulloblastoma. Cancer Res 2024; 84:872-886. [PMID: 38486486 PMCID: PMC10948029 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant brain tumors of children, and 30% of medulloblastomas are driven by gain-of-function genetic lesions in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway. EYA1, a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase and transcription factor, is critical for tumorigenesis and proliferation of SHH medulloblastoma (SHH-MB). Benzarone and benzbromarone have been identified as allosteric inhibitors of EYA proteins. Using benzarone as a point of departure, we developed a panel of 35 derivatives and tested them in SHH-MB. Among these compounds, DS-1-38 functioned as an EYA antagonist and opposed SHH signaling. DS-1-38 inhibited SHH-MB growth in vitro and in vivo, showed excellent brain penetrance, and increased the lifespan of genetically engineered mice predisposed to fatal SHH-MB. These data suggest that EYA inhibitors represent promising therapies for pediatric SHH-MB. SIGNIFICANCE Development of a benzarone derivative that inhibits EYA1 and impedes the growth of SHH medulloblastoma provides an avenue for improving treatment of this malignant pediatric brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H. Hwang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria F. Pazyra-Murphy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyuk-Soo Seo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylwia A. Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina DiPiazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nizhoni Sutter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham Young University-Hawaii, Kulanui St, HI, USA
| | - Thomas W. Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alison Volkert
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lincoln Ombelets
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Dittemore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nathalie Y. R. Agar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A. Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rosalind A. Segal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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He S, Li Y, Wang L, Li Y, Xu L, Cai D, Zhou J, Yu L. DNA methylation landscape reveals GNAS as a decitabine-responsive marker in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Neoplasia 2024; 49:100965. [PMID: 38245923 PMCID: PMC10830847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The demethylation agent decitabine (DAC) is a pivotal non-intensive alternative treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, patient responses to DAC are highly variable, and predictive biomarkers are warranted. Herein, the DNA methylation landscape of patients treated with a DAC-based combination regimen was compared with that of patients treated with standard chemotherapy to develop a molecular approach for predicting clinical response to DAC. METHODS Twenty-five non-M3 AML patients were enrolled and subjected to DNA methylation sequencing and profiling to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and genes of interest. Moreover, the effects of a DAC-based regimen on apoptosis and gene expression were explored using Kasumi-1 and K562 cells. RESULTS Overall, we identified 541 DMRs that were specifically responsive to DAC, among which 172 DMRs showed hypomethylation patterns upon treatment and were aligned with the promoter regions of 182 genes. In particular, GNAS was identified as a critical DAC-responsive gene, with in vitro GNAS downregulation leading to reduced cell apoptosis induced by DAC and cytarabine combo treatment. CONCLUSIONS We found that GNAS is a DAC-sensitive gene in AML and may serve as a prognostic biomarker to assess the responsiveness of patients with AML to DAC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujiao He
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, Peking Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Haematology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yisheng Li
- Shenzhen Haoshi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 155 Hong Tian Rd, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518125, China; Shenzhen University-Haoshi Cell Therapy Institute, 155 Hong Tian Rd, Baoan District, Shenzhen 518125, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Diya Cai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Xueyuan Ave 1098, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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4
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Gammie SC, Messing A, Hill MA, Kelm-Nelson CA, Hagemann TL. Large-scale gene expression changes in APP/PSEN1 and GFAP mutation models exhibit high congruence with Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291995. [PMID: 38236817 PMCID: PMC10796008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with both genetic and non-genetic causes. Animal research models are available for a multitude of diseases and conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS), and large-scale CNS gene expression data exist for many of these. Although there are several models specifically for AD, each recapitulates different aspects of the human disease. In this study we evaluate over 500 animal models to identify those with CNS gene expression patterns matching human AD datasets. Approaches included a hypergeometric based scoring system that rewards congruent gene expression patterns but penalizes discordant gene expression patterns. The top two models identified were APP/PS1 transgenic mice expressing mutant APP and PSEN1, and mice carrying a GFAP mutation that is causative of Alexander disease, a primary disorder of astrocytes in the CNS. The APP/PS1 and GFAP models both matched over 500 genes moving in the same direction as in human AD, and both had elevated GFAP expression and were highly congruent with one another. Also scoring highly were the 5XFAD model (with five mutations in APP and PSEN1) and mice carrying CK-p25, APP, and MAPT mutations. Animals with the APOE3 and 4 mutations combined with traumatic brain injury ranked highly. Bulbectomized rats scored high, suggesting anosmia could be causative of AD-like gene expression. Other matching models included the SOD1G93A strain and knockouts for SNORD116 (Prader-Willi mutation), GRID2, INSM1, XBP1, and CSTB. Many top models demonstrated increased expression of GFAP, and results were similar across multiple human AD datasets. Heatmap and Uniform Manifold Approximation Plot results were consistent with hypergeometric ranking. Finally, some gene manipulation models, including for TYROBP and ATG7, were identified with reversed AD patterns, suggesting possible neuroprotective effects. This study provides insight for the pathobiology of AD and the potential utility of available animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Gammie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Albee Messing
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mason A. Hill
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Hagemann
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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5
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Liu J, Chen J, Wang J, Hua H, Jiang Y. cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling and cancer: the interplay in tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:5. [PMID: 38233872 PMCID: PMC10792844 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from abnormal cell growth that is induced by a number of genetic and environmental factors. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which involves extracellular matrix, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), tumor-infiltrating immune cells and angiogenesis, plays a critical role in tumor progression. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger that has pleiotropic effects on the TME. The downstream effectors of cAMP include cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) and ion channels. While cAMP can activate PKA or EPAC and promote cancer cell growth, it can also inhibit cell proliferation and survival in context- and cancer type-dependent manner. Tumor-associated stromal cells, such as CAF and immune cells, can release cytokines and growth factors that either stimulate or inhibit cAMP production within the TME. Recent studies have shown that targeting cAMP signaling in the TME has therapeutic benefits in cancer. Small-molecule agents that inhibit adenylate cyclase and PKA have been shown to inhibit tumor growth. In addition, cAMP-elevating agents, such as forskolin, can not only induce cancer cell death, but also directly inhibit cell proliferation in some cancer types. In this review, we summarize current understanding of cAMP signaling in cancer biology and immunology and discuss the basis for its context-dependent dual role in oncogenesis. Understanding the precise mechanisms by which cAMP and the TME interact in cancer will be critical for the development of effective therapies. Future studies aimed at investigating the cAMP-cancer axis and its regulation in the TME may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jieya Liu
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinzhu Chen
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Cancer Center, Laboratory of Oncogene, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Takahashi K, Takeda Y, Ono Y, Isomoto H, Mizukami Y. Current status of molecular diagnostic approaches using liquid biopsy. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:834-847. [PMID: 37470859 PMCID: PMC10423147 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers, and developing an efficient and reliable approach for its early-stage diagnosis is urgently needed. Precancerous lesions of PDAC, such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), arise through multiple steps of driver gene alterations in KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, or GNAS. Hallmark mutations play a role in tumor initiation and progression, and their detection in bodily fluids is crucial for diagnosis. Recently, liquid biopsy has gained attention as an approach to complement pathological diagnosis, and in addition to mutation signatures in cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, and extracellular vesicles have been investigated as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers. Integrating such molecular information to revise the diagnostic criteria for pancreatic cancer can enable a better understanding of the pathogenesis underlying inter-patient heterogeneity, such as sensitivity to chemotherapy and disease outcomes. This review discusses the current diagnostic approaches and clinical applications of genetic analysis in pancreatic cancer and diagnostic attempts by liquid biopsy and molecular analyses using pancreatic juice, duodenal fluid, and blood samples. Emerging knowledge in the rapidly advancing liquid biopsy field is promising for molecular profiling and diagnosing pancreatic diseases with significant diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yohei Takeda
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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7
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Jeong MH, Urquhart G, Lewis C, Chi Z, Jewell JL. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4D suppresses mTORC1 signaling and pancreatic cancer growth. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158098. [PMID: 37427586 PMCID: PMC10371348 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses multiple upstream stimuli to orchestrate anabolic and catabolic events that regulate cell growth and metabolism. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling is observed in multiple human diseases; thus, pathways that suppress mTORC1 signaling may help to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we report that phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) promotes pancreatic cancer tumor growth by increasing mTORC1 signaling. GPCRs paired to Gαs proteins activate adenylyl cyclase, which in turn elevates levels of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), whereas PDEs catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP to 5'-AMP. PDE4D forms a complex with mTORC1 and is required for mTORC1 lysosomal localization and activation. Inhibition of PDE4D and the elevation of cAMP levels block mTORC1 signaling via Raptor phosphorylation. Moreover, pancreatic cancer exhibits an upregulation of PDE4D expression, and high PDE4D levels predict the poor overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Importantly, FDA-approved PDE4 inhibitors repress pancreatic cancer cell tumor growth in vivo by suppressing mTORC1 signaling. Our results identify PDE4D as an important activator of mTORC1 and suggest that targeting PDE4 with FDA-approved inhibitors may be beneficial for the treatment of human diseases with hyperactivated mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
| | | | - Zhikai Chi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, and
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8
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Bian Y, Hahn H, Uhmann A. The hidden hedgehog of the pituitary: hedgehog signaling in development, adulthood and disease of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1219018. [PMID: 37476499 PMCID: PMC10355329 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1219018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling plays pivotal roles in embryonic development, adult homeostasis and tumorigenesis. However, its engagement in the pituitary gland has been long underestimated although Hedgehog signaling and pituitary embryogenic development are closely linked. Thus, deregulation of this signaling pathway during pituitary development results in malformation of the gland. Research of the last years further implicates a regulatory role of Hedgehog signaling in the function of the adult pituitary, because its activity is also interlinked with homeostasis, hormone production, and most likely also formation of neoplasms of the gland. The fact that this pathway can be efficiently targeted by validated therapeutic strategies makes it a promising candidate for treating pituitary diseases. We here summarize the current knowledge about the importance of Hedgehog signaling during pituitary development and review recent data that highlight the impact of Hedgehog signaling in the healthy and the diseased adult pituitary gland.
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Shamsoon K, Hiraki D, Yoshida K, Takabatake K, Takebe H, Yokozeki K, Horie N, Fujita N, Nasrun NE, Okui T, Nagatsuka H, Abiko Y, Hosoya A, Saito T, Shimo T. The Role of Hedgehog Signaling in the Melanoma Tumor Bone Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108862. [PMID: 37240209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial regulator in melanoma progression and treatment resistance is tumor microenvironments, and Hedgehog (Hh) signals activated in a tumor bone microenvironment are a potential new therapeutic target. The mechanism of bone destruction by melanomas involving Hh/Gli signaling in such a tumor microenvironment is unknown. Here, we analyzed surgically resected oral malignant melanoma specimens and observed that Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1, and Gli2 were highly expressed in tumor cells, vasculatures, and osteoclasts. We established a tumor bone destruction mouse model by inoculating B16 cells into the bone marrow space of the right tibial metaphysis of 5-week-old female C57BL mice. An intraperitoneal administration of GANT61 (40 mg/kg), a small-molecule inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2, resulted in significant inhibition of cortical bone destruction, TRAP-positive osteoclasts within the cortical bone, and endomucin-positive tumor vessels. The gene set enrichment analysis suggested that genes involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the PD-L1 expression pathway in cancer were significantly altered by the GANT61 treatment. A flow cytometry analysis revealed that PD-L1 expression was significantly decreased in cells in which late apoptosis was induced by the GANT61 treatment. These results suggest that molecular targeting of Gli1 and Gli2 may release immunosuppression of the tumor bone microenvironment through normalization of abnormal angiogenesis and bone remodeling in advanced melanoma with jaw bone invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnoon Shamsoon
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Daichi Hiraki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takebe
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokozeki
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naohiro Horie
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Naomasa Fujita
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Nisrina Ekayani Nasrun
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Okui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hosoya
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan
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10
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Umar M, Bartoletti G, Dong C, Gahankari A, Browne D, Deng A, Jaramillo J, Sammarco M, Simkin J, He F. Characterizing the role of Pdgfra in calvarial development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:589-604. [PMID: 36606407 PMCID: PMC10159935 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian calvarium is composed of flat bones developed from two origins, neural crest, and mesoderm. Cells from both origins exhibit similar behavior but express distinct transcriptomes. It is intriguing to ask whether genes shared by both origins play similar or distinct roles in development. In the present study, we have examined the role of Pdgfra, which is expressed in both neural crest and mesoderm, in specific lineages during calvarial development. RESULTS We found that in calvarial progenitor cells, Pdgfra is needed to maintain normal proliferation and migration of neural crest cells but only proliferation of mesoderm cells. Later in calvarial osteoblasts, we found that Pdgfra is necessary for both proliferation and differentiation of neural crest-derived cells, but not for differentiation of mesoderm-derived cells. We also examined the potential interaction between Pdgfra and other signaling pathway involved in calvarial osteoblasts but did not identify significant alteration of Wnt or Hh signaling activity in Pdgfra genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Pdgfra is required for normal calvarial development in both neural crest cells and mesoderm cells, but these lineages exhibit distinct responses to alteration of Pdgfra activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Apurva Gahankari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle Browne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alastair Deng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Josue Jaramillo
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Liserre R, Branzoli F, Pagani F, Gryzik M, Cominelli M, Miele E, Marjańska M, Doglietto F, Poliani PL. Exceptionally rare IDH1-mutant adult medulloblastoma with concurrent GNAS mutation revealed by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and deep sequencing. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:47. [PMID: 36941703 PMCID: PMC10029199 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01531-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor occurring in childhood and rarely found in adults. Based on transcriptome profile, MB are currently classified into four major molecular groups reflecting a considerable biological heterogeneity: WNT-activated, SHH-activated, group 3 and group 4. Recently, DNA methylation profiling allowed the identification of additional subgroups within the four major molecular groups associated with different clinic-pathological and molecular features. Isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) mutations have been described in several tumors, including gliomas, while in MB are rarely reported and not routinely investigated. By means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), we unequivocally assessed the presence the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), a marker of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, in a case of adult MB. Immunophenotypical work-up and methylation profiling assigned the diagnosis of MB, subclass SHH-A, and molecular testing revealed the presence of the non-canonical somatic IDH1(p.R132C) mutation and an additional GNAS mutation, also rarely described in MB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of MB simultaneously harboring both mutations. Of note, tumor exhibited a heterogeneous phenotype with a tumor component displaying glial differentiation, with robust GFAP expression, and a component with conventional MB features and selective presence of GNAS mutation, suggesting co-existence of two different major tumor subclones. These findings drew attention to the need for a deeper genetic characterization of MB, in order to get insights into their biology and improve stratification and clinical management of the patients. Moreover, our results underlined the importance of performing MRS for the identification of IDH mutations in non-glial tumors. The use of throughput molecular profiling analysis and advanced medical imaging will certainly increase the frequency with which tumor entities with rare molecular alterations will be identified. Whether these findings have any specific therapeutic implications or prognostic relevance requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Liserre
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Paris Brain Institute - Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gryzik
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Manuela Cominelli
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Francesco Doglietto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, BS, Italy.
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12
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Funakoshi Y, Sugihara Y, Uneda A, Nakashima T, Suzuki H. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of medulloblastoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:741-749. [PMID: 36520034 PMCID: PMC9986075 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor composed of four molecular subgroups. Recent intensive genomics has greatly contributed to our understanding of medulloblastoma pathogenesis. Sequencing studies identified novel mutations involved in the cyclic AMP-dependent pathway or RNA processing in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup, and core-binding factor subunit alpha (CBFA) complex in the group 4 subgroup. Likewise, single-cell sequencing provided detailed insights into the cell of origin associated with brain development. In this review, we will summarize recent findings by sequencing analyses for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sugihara
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Uneda
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
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13
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Luo Z, Xin D, Liao Y, Berry K, Ogurek S, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhao C, Rao R, Dong X, Li H, Yu J, Lin Y, Huang G, Xu L, Xin M, Nishinakamura R, Yu J, Kool M, Pfister SM, Roussel MF, Zhou W, Weiss WA, Andreassen P, Lu QR. Loss of phosphatase CTDNEP1 potentiates aggressive medulloblastoma by triggering MYC amplification and genomic instability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:762. [PMID: 36765089 PMCID: PMC9918503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36400-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC-driven medulloblastomas are highly aggressive childhood brain tumors, however, the molecular and genetic events triggering MYC amplification and malignant transformation remain elusive. Here we report that mutations in CTDNEP1, a CTD nuclear-envelope-phosphatase, are the most significantly enriched recurrent alterations in MYC-driven medulloblastomas, and define high-risk subsets with poorer prognosis. Ctdnep1 ablation promotes the transformation of murine cerebellar progenitors into Myc-amplified medulloblastomas, resembling their human counterparts. CTDNEP1 deficiency stabilizes and activates MYC activity by elevating MYC serine-62 phosphorylation, and triggers chromosomal instability to induce p53 loss and Myc amplifications. Further, phosphoproteomics reveals that CTDNEP1 post-translationally modulates the activities of key regulators for chromosome segregation and mitotic checkpoint regulators including topoisomerase TOP2A and checkpoint kinase CHEK1. Co-targeting MYC and CHEK1 activities synergistically inhibits CTDNEP1-deficient MYC-amplified tumor growth and prolongs animal survival. Together, our studies demonstrate that CTDNEP1 is a tumor suppressor in highly aggressive MYC-driven medulloblastomas by controlling MYC activity and mitotic fidelity, pointing to a CTDNEP1-dependent targetable therapeutic vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Dazhuan Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kalen Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sean Ogurek
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Lingli Xu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mei Xin
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ); Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Fudan University and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Surgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Paul Andreassen
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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14
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Jiang J. Hedgehog signaling mechanism and role in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:107-122. [PMID: 33836254 PMCID: PMC8492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling pathways has been implicated in a wide range of human diseases including cancer. One such pathway is the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, which was originally discovered in Drosophila and later found to play a fundamental role in human development and diseases. Abnormal Hh pathway activation is a major driver of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and medulloblastoma. Hh exerts it biological influence through a largely conserved signal transduction pathway from the activation of the GPCR family transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) to the conversion of latent Zn-finger transcription factors Gli/Ci proteins from their repressor (GliR/CiR) to activator (GliA/CiA) forms. Studies from model organisms and human patients have provided deep insight into the Hh signal transduction mechanisms, revealed roles of Hh signaling in a wide range of human cancers, and suggested multiple strategies for targeting this pathway in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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15
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Benton KC, Wheeler DS, Kurtoglu B, Ansari MBZ, Cibich DP, Gonzalez DA, Herbst MR, Khursheed S, Knorr RC, Lobner D, Maglasang JG, Rohr KE, Taylor A, Twining RC, Witt PJ, Gasser PJ. Norepinephrine activates β 1 -adrenergic receptors at the inner nuclear membrane in astrocytes. Glia 2022; 70:1777-1794. [PMID: 35589612 PMCID: PMC9276628 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine exerts powerful influences on the metabolic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory functions of astrocytes. Until recently, all effects of norepinephrine were believed to be mediated by receptors localized exclusively to the plasma membrane. However, recent studies in cardiomyocytes have identified adrenergic receptors localized to intracellular membranes, including Golgi and inner nuclear membranes, and have shown that norepinephrine can access these receptors via transporter-mediated uptake. We recently identified a high-capacity norepinephrine transporter, organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), densely localized to outer nuclear membranes in astrocytes, suggesting that adrenergic signaling may also occur at the inner nuclear membrane in these cells. Here, we used immunofluorescence and western blot to show that β1 -adrenergic receptors are localized to astrocyte inner nuclear membranes; that key adrenergic signaling partners are present in astrocyte nuclei; and that OCT3 and other catecholamine transporters are localized to astrocyte plasma and nuclear membranes. To test the functionality of nuclear membrane β1 -adrenergic receptors, we monitored real-time protein kinase A (PKA) activity in astrocyte nuclei using a fluorescent biosensor. Treatment of astrocytes with norepinephrine induced rapid increases in PKA activity in the nuclear compartment. Pretreatment of astrocytes with inhibitors of catecholamine uptake blocked rapid norepinephrine-induced increases in nuclear PKA activity. These studies, the first to document functional adrenergic receptors at the nuclear membrane in any central nervous system cell, reveal a novel mechanism by which norepinephrine may directly influence nuclear processes. This mechanism may contribute to previously described neuroprotective, metabolic and immunoregulatory actions of norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beliz Kurtoglu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | | | - Daniel P. Cibich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Dante A. Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Matthew R. Herbst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Saema Khursheed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Rachel C. Knorr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Doug Lobner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Jenree G. Maglasang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Kayla E. Rohr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Analisa Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Robert C. Twining
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Paul J. Witt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Paul J. Gasser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201
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16
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Wang W, Shiraishi R, Kawauchi D. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cerebellar Development and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864035. [PMID: 35573667 PMCID: PMC9100414 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway regulates the development of the central nervous system in vertebrates. Aberrant regulation of SHH signaling pathways often causes neurodevelopmental diseases and brain tumors. In the cerebellum, SHH secreted by Purkinje cells is a potent mitogen for granule cell progenitors, which are the most abundant cell type in the mature brain. While a reduction in SHH signaling induces cerebellar structural abnormalities, such as hypoplasia in various genetic disorders, the constitutive activation of SHH signaling often induces medulloblastoma (MB), one of the most common pediatric malignant brain tumors. Based on the existing literature on canonical and non-canonical SHH signaling pathways, emerging basic and clinical studies are exploring novel therapeutic approaches for MB by targeting SHH signaling at distinct molecular levels. In this review, we discuss the present consensus on SHH signaling mechanisms, their roles in cerebellar development and tumorigenesis, and the recent advances in clinical trials for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Kawauchi,
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17
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Kawabata H, Ono Y, Tamamura N, Oyama K, Ueda J, Sato H, Takahashi K, Taniue K, Okada T, Fujibayashi S, Hayashi A, Goto T, Enomoto K, Konishi H, Fujiya M, Miyakawa K, Tanino M, Nishikawa Y, Koga D, Watanabe T, Maeda C, Karasaki H, Liss AS, Mizukami Y, Okumura T. Mutant GNAS limits tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer via antagonizing the KRAS-pathway. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:208-220. [PMID: 35018527 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in GNAS drive pancreatic tumorigenesis and frequently occur in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN); however, their value as a therapeutic target is yet to be determined. This study aimed at evaluating the involvement of mutant GNAS in tumor aggressiveness in established pancreatic cancer. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GNAS R201H silencing was performed using human primary IPMN-associated pancreatic cancer cells. The role of oncogenic GNAS in tumor maintenance was evaluated by conducting cell culture and xenograft experiments, and western blotting and transcriptome analyses were performed to uncover GNAS-driven signatures. RESULTS Xenografts of GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a higher Ki-67 labeling index relative to GNAS-mutant cells. Phenotypic alterations in the GNAS wild-type tumors resulted in a significant reduction in mucin production accompanied by solid with massive stromal components. Transcriptional profiling suggested an apparent conflict of mutant GNAS with KRAS signaling. A significantly higher Notch intercellular domain (NICD) was observed in the nuclear fraction of GNAS wild-type cells. Meanwhile, inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) induced NICD in GNAS-mutant IPMN cells, suggesting that NOTCH signaling is negatively regulated by the GNAS-PKA pathway. GNAS wild-type cells were characterized by a significant invasive property relative to GNAS-mutant cells, which was mediated through the NOTCH regulatory pathway. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic GNAS induces mucin production, not only via MUC2 but also via MUC5AC/B, which may enlarge cystic lesions in the pancreas. The mutation may also limit tumor aggressiveness by attenuating NOTCH signaling; therefore, such tumor-suppressing effects must be considered when therapeutically inhibiting the GNAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Kawabata
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Nobue Tamamura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kyohei Oyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzui Taniue
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Okada
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Syugo Fujibayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Goto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Katsuro Enomoto
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Konishi
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Keita Miyakawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mishie Tanino
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koga
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Department of Microscopic Anatomy and Cell Biology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Chiho Maeda
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Hidenori Karasaki
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Andrew S Liss
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yusuke Mizukami
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Sapporo-Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan.
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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18
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Petrosyan E, Fares J, Cordero A, Rashidi A, Arrieta VA, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS. Repurposing Autophagy Regulators in Brain Tumors. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:167-180. [PMID: 35179776 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain metastases, continue to be an unmet medical challenge. Despite advances in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, tumor cell colonization in the central nervous system (CNS) renders most treatment options ineffective. This is primarily due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders the crossing of targeting agents into the brain. As such, repositioning medications that demonstrate anti-cancer effects and possess the ability to cross the BBB can be a promising option. Antidepressants, which are BBB-permeable, have been reported to exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Autophagy, specifically, has been identified as one of the common key mediators of antidepressant's antitumor effects. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antidepressants with reported cytotoxic activities in different tumor models, where autophagy dysregulation was demonstrated to play the main part. As such, imipramine, maprotiline, fluoxetine and escitalopram were shown to induce autophagy, whereas nortriptyline, clomipramine and paroxetine were identified as autophagy inhibitors. Sertraline and desipramine, depending on the neoplastic context, were demonstrated to either induce or inhibit autophagy. Collectively, these medications were associated with favorable therapeutic outcomes in a variety of cancer cell models, including brain tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Petrosyan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alex Cordero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Víctor A Arrieta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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19
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Liu HQ, Li WX, An YW, Wu T, Jiang GY, Dong Y, Chen WX, Wang JC, Wang C, Song S. Integrated analysis of the genomic and transcriptional profile of gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 and tumor protein 53 mutations. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221139262. [PMID: 36377597 PMCID: PMC9669701 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221139262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The gene mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1)
is commonly found in LGG and some GBM patients and usually carries tumor protein
53 (TP53) mutations. However, the underlying mechanisms on both mutations of
glioma patients in IDH1 and TP53 are still unclear. Aim: To find
the potential target markers in GBM and LGG patients with IDH1 and TP53
mutation.Method: A total of 1122 glioma patients from The
Cancer Genome Atlas were enrolled and divided as wild-type (without IDH1 and
TP53 mutations) or both mutant (both IDH1 and TP53 mutations). The data of
clinicopathological characteristics, mRNA, mutations, and copy number alteration
were analyzed. Results: IDH1 and TP53 mutations, not gene
expression, affect the survival probability of GBM and LGG patients, which might
be related to neuron function, immune function, tumor invasion, and metastasis.
The effects of the selected gene (EMILIN3, SAA1, VSTM2A, HAMP, IFT80, and CHIC2)
on glioma patients could be regulated by IDH1 and TP53 mutations and had a
higher survival possibility in these patients. Conclusions: The
selected genes in GBM and LGG patients with IDH1 and TP53 mutations could be a
potential prognosis marker in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen An
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xin Chen
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Song
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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20
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Jin D, Zhong TP. Prostaglandin signaling in ciliogenesis and development. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:2632-2643. [PMID: 34927727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) signaling regulates a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, including body temperature, cardiovascular homeostasis, reproduction, and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that PGs play pivotal roles in embryo development, ciliogenesis, and organ formation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its receptor EP4 modulate ciliogenesis by increasing the anterograde intraflagellar transport. Many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) including EP4 are localized in cilia for modulating cAMP signaling under various conditions. During development, PGE2 signaling regulates embryogenesis, hepatocyte differentiation, hematopoiesis, and kidney formation. Prostaglandins are also essential for skeletal muscle repair. This review outlines recent advances in understanding the functions and mechanisms of prostaglandin signaling in ciliogenesis, embryo development, and organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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21
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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22
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Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
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23
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Lei J, Guo S, Li K, Tian J, Zong B, Ai T, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu S. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 regulated by miR-27a-3p attenuates tumor proliferation in breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:503-516. [PMID: 34510318 PMCID: PMC8885522 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive molecule which participates in many physical and pathological processes. Although LPA receptor 6 (LPAR6), the last identified LPA receptor, has been reported to have diverse effects in multiple cancers, including breast cancer, its effects and functioning mechanisms are not fully known. Methods Multiple public databases were used to investigate the mRNA expression of LPAR6, its prognostic value, and potential mechanisms in breast cancer. Western blotting was performed to validate the differential expression of LPAR6 in breast cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were used to explore the effects of LPAR6 on breast cancer. Additionally, TargetScan and miRWalk were used to identify potential upstream regulating miRNAs and validated the relationship between miR-27a-3p and LPAR6 via real-time polymerase chain reaction and an in vitro rescue assay. Results LPAR6 was significantly downregulated in breast cancer at transcriptional and translational levels. Decreased LPAR6 expression in breast cancer is significantly correlated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, and distal metastasis-free survival, particularly for hormone receptor-positive patients, regardless of lymph node metastatic status. In vitro gain and loss-of-function assays indicated that LPAR6 attenuated breast cancer cell proliferation. The analyses of TCGA and METABRIC datasets revealed that LPAR6 may regulate the cell cycle signal pathway. Furthermore, the expression of LPAR6 could be positively regulated by miR-27a-3p. The knockdown of miR-27a-3p increased cell proliferation, and ectopic expression of LPAR6 could partly rescue this phenotype. Conclusion LPAR6 acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and is positively regulated by miR-27a-3p. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12094-021-02704-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lei
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - S Guo
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - K Li
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - J Tian
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - B Zong
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - T Ai
- Department of Cardiology, Chongqing Kanghua Zhonglian Cardiovascular Hospital, Jiangbei District, No. 168 Haier Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Y Peng
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - S Liu
- Endocrine Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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24
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Levy JJ, Chen Y, Azizgolshani N, Petersen CL, Titus AJ, Moen EL, Vaickus LJ, Salas LA, Christensen BC. MethylSPWNet and MethylCapsNet: Biologically Motivated Organization of DNAm Neural Networks, Inspired by Capsule Networks. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:33. [PMID: 34417465 PMCID: PMC8379254 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) alterations have been heavily implicated in carcinogenesis and the pathophysiology of diseases through upstream regulation of gene expression. DNAm deep-learning approaches are able to capture features associated with aging, cell type, and disease progression, but lack incorporation of prior biological knowledge. Here, we present modular, user-friendly deep-learning methodology and software, MethylCapsNet and MethylSPWNet, that group CpGs into biologically relevant capsules-such as gene promoter context, CpG island relationship, or user-defined groupings-and relate them to diagnostic and prognostic outcomes. We demonstrate these models' utility on 3,897 individuals in the classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. MethylCapsNet and MethylSPWNet provide an opportunity to increase DNAm deep-learning analyses' interpretability by enabling a flexible organization of DNAm data into biologically relevant capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Levy
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Youdinghuan Chen
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Nasim Azizgolshani
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Curtis L Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Alexander J Titus
- Department of Life Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Manchester, NH, USA
| | - Erika L Moen
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Louis J Vaickus
- Emerging Diagnostic and Investigative Technologies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
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25
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Wang Y, Liu YY, Chen MB, Cheng KW, Qi LN, Zhang ZQ, Peng Y, Li KR, Liu F, Chen G, Cao C. Neuronal-driven glioma growth requires Gαi1 and Gαi3. Theranostics 2021; 11:8535-8549. [PMID: 34373757 PMCID: PMC8343996 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) is necessary and sufficient to promote glioma cell growth. The recruitment of Gαi1/3 to the ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is essential for mediating oncogenic signaling. Methods: Various genetic strategies were utilized to examine the requirement of Gαi1/3 in NLGN3-driven glioma cell growth. Results: NLGN3-induced Akt-mTORC1 and Erk activation was inhibited by decreasing Gαi1/3 expression. In contrast ectopic Gαi1/3 overexpression enhanced NLGN3-induced signaling. In glioma cells, NLGN3-induced cell growth, proliferation and migration were attenuated by Gαi1/3 depletion with shRNA, but facilitated with Gαi1/3 overexpression. Significantly, Gαi1/3 silencing inhibited orthotopic growth of patient-derived glioma xenografts in mouse brain, whereas forced Gαi1/3-overexpression in primary glioma xenografts significantly enhanced growth. The growth of brain-metastatic human lung cancer cells in mouse brain was largely inhibited with Gαi1/3 silencing. It was however expedited with ectopic Gαi1/3 overexpression. In human glioma Gαi3 upregulation was detected, correlating with poor prognosis. Conclusion: Gαi1/3 mediation of NLGN3-induced signaling is essential for neuronal-driven glioma growth.
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26
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Cong Q, Liu Y, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Xu R, Cheng C, Chung HS, Yan M, Zhou H, Liao Z, Gao B, Bocobo GA, Covington TA, Song HJ, Su P, Yu PB, Yang Y. A self-amplifying loop of YAP and SHH drives formation and expansion of heterotopic ossification. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/599/eabb2233. [PMID: 34162750 PMCID: PMC8638088 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs as a common complication after injury or in genetic disorders. The mechanisms underlying HO remain incompletely understood, and there are no approved prophylactic or secondary treatments available. Here, we identify a self-amplifying, self-propagating loop of Yes-associated protein (YAP)-Sonic hedgehog (SHH) as a core molecular mechanism underlying diverse forms of HO. In mouse models of progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH), a disease caused by null mutations in GNAS, we found that Gnas-/- mesenchymal cells secreted SHH, which induced osteoblast differentiation of the surrounding wild-type cells. We further showed that loss of Gnas led to activation of YAP transcription activity, which directly drove Shh expression. Secreted SHH further induced YAP activation, Shh expression, and osteoblast differentiation in surrounding wild-type cells. This self-propagating positive feedback loop was both necessary and sufficient for HO expansion and could act independently of Gnas in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), another genetic HO, and nonhereditary HO mouse models. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of YAP or SHH abolished HO in POH and FOP and acquired HO mouse models without affecting normal bone homeostasis, providing a previously unrecognized therapeutic rationale to prevent, reduce, and shrink HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caiqi Cheng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meijun Yan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bocobo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taylor A Covington
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyeon Ju Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Paul B Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Arang N, Gutkind JS. G Protein-Coupled receptors and heterotrimeric G proteins as cancer drivers. FEBS Lett 2021; 594:4201-4232. [PMID: 33270228 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and heterotrimeric G proteins play central roles in a diverse array of cellular processes. As such, dysregulation of GPCRs and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins can dramatically alter the signalling landscape and functional state of a cell. Consistent with their fundamental physiological functions, GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins are implicated in some of the most prevalent human diseases, including a complex disease such as cancer that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. GPCR/G protein-mediated signalling impacts oncogenesis at multiple levels by regulating tumour angiogenesis, immune evasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Here, we summarize the growing body of research on GPCRs and their effector heterotrimeric G proteins as drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and as emerging antitumoural therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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28
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Saad F, Hipfner DR. Extensive crosstalk of G protein-coupled receptors with the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Development 2021; 148:dev189258. [PMID: 33653875 PMCID: PMC10656458 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) ligands orchestrate tissue patterning and growth by acting as morphogens, dictating different cellular responses depending on ligand concentration. Cellular sensitivity to Hh ligands is influenced by heterotrimeric G protein activity, which controls production of the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP in turn activates Protein kinase A (PKA), which functions as an inhibitor and (uniquely in Drosophila) as an activator of Hh signalling. A few mammalian Gαi- and Gαs-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to influence Sonic hedgehog (Shh) responses in this way. To determine whether this is a more-general phenomenon, we carried out an RNAi screen targeting GPCRs in Drosophila. RNAi-mediated depletion of more than 40% of GPCRs tested either decreased or increased Hh responsiveness in the developing Drosophila wing, closely matching the effects of Gαs and Gαi depletion, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated that the orphan GPCR Mthl5 lowers cAMP levels to attenuate Hh responsiveness. Our results identify Mthl5 as a new Hh signalling pathway modulator in Drosophila and suggest that many GPCRs may crosstalk with the Hh pathway in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Saad
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal H2W 1R7, QC, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1B1, QC, Canada
| | - David R. Hipfner
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal H2W 1R7, QC, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1B1, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
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29
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Skowron P, Farooq H, Cavalli FMG, Morrissy AS, Ly M, Hendrikse LD, Wang EY, Djambazian H, Zhu H, Mungall KL, Trinh QM, Zheng T, Dai S, Stucklin ASG, Vladoiu MC, Fong V, Holgado BL, Nor C, Wu X, Abd-Rabbo D, Bérubé P, Wang YC, Luu B, Suarez RA, Rastan A, Gillmor AH, Lee JJY, Zhang XY, Daniels C, Dirks P, Malkin D, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Loukides J, Doz FP, Bourdeaut F, Delattre OO, Masliah-Planchon J, Ayrault O, Kim SK, Meyronet D, Grajkowska WA, Carlotti CG, de Torres C, Mora J, Eberhart CG, Van Meir EG, Kumabe T, French PJ, Kros JM, Jabado N, Lach B, Pollack IF, Hamilton RL, Rao AAN, Giannini C, Olson JM, Bognár L, Klekner A, Zitterbart K, Phillips JJ, Thompson RC, Cooper MK, Rubin JB, Liau LM, Garami M, Hauser P, Li KKW, Ng HK, Poon WS, Yancey Gillespie G, Chan JA, Jung S, McLendon RE, Thompson EM, Zagzag D, Vibhakar R, Ra YS, Garre ML, Schüller U, Shofuda T, Faria CC, López-Aguilar E, Zadeh G, Hui CC, Ramaswamy V, Bailey SD, Jones SJ, Mungall AJ, Moore RA, Calarco JA, Stein LD, Bader GD, Reimand J, Ragoussis J, Weiss WA, Marra MA, Suzuki H, Taylor MD. The transcriptional landscape of Shh medulloblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1749. [PMID: 33741928 PMCID: PMC7979819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma encompasses a clinically and molecularly diverse group of cancers of the developing central nervous system. Here, we use unbiased sequencing of the transcriptome across a large cohort of 250 tumors to reveal differences among molecular subtypes of the disease, and demonstrate the previously unappreciated importance of non-coding RNA transcripts. We identify alterations within the cAMP dependent pathway (GNAS, PRKAR1A) which converge on GLI2 activity and show that 18% of tumors have a genetic event that directly targets the abundance and/or stability of MYCN. Furthermore, we discover an extensive network of fusions in focally amplified regions encompassing GLI2, and several loss-of-function fusions in tumor suppressor genes PTCH1, SUFU and NCOR1. Molecular convergence on a subset of genes by nucleotide variants, copy number aberrations, and gene fusions highlight the key roles of specific pathways in the pathogenesis of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and open up opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Skowron
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hamza Farooq
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Florence M G Cavalli
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michelle Ly
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liam D Hendrikse
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evan Y Wang
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haig Djambazian
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen Zhu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Quang M Trinh
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Zheng
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shizhong Dai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ana S Guerreiro Stucklin
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vernon Fong
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Borja L Holgado
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Nor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaochong Wu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diala Abd-Rabbo
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu Chang Wang
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Betty Luu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raul A Suarez
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Avesta Rastan
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aaron H Gillmor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John J Y Lee
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiao Yun Zhang
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Daniels
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Dirks
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Loukides
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - François P Doz
- SIREDO Center (pediatric, adolescent and young adults oncology), Institut Curie, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bourdeaut
- SIREDO Center (pediatric, adolescent and young adults oncology), Institut Curie, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Ayrault
- PSL Research University, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - David Meyronet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institute of Pathology, University Lyon 1, Department of Cancer Cell Plasticity-INSERM U1052 Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Carlos G Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carmen de Torres
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Mora
- Developmental Tumor Biology Laboratory, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boleslaw Lach
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - James M Olson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University School of Medicine, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael K Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Departments of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Miklós Garami
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Hauser
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kay Ka Wai Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Keung Ng
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shin Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Roger E McLendon
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Pathology and Neurosurgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Young Shin Ra
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Tomoko Shofuda
- Division of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Clinical Research, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Claudia C Faria
- Division of Neurosurgery, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte (CHULN), Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Enrique López-Aguilar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Pediatría Centro Médico Nacional century XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chi-Chung Hui
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven J Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard A Moore
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John A Calarco
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Adaptive Oncology, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D Bader
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- McGill University Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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30
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Luo Z, Dong X, Yu J, Xia Y, Berry KP, Rao R, Xu L, Xue P, Chen T, Lin Y, Yu J, Huang G, Li H, Zhou W, Lu QR. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveals ZNF124 as a Critical Regulator in Highly Aggressive Medulloblastomas. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634056. [PMID: 33681213 PMCID: PMC7930499 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, however, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in different MB subgroups remain incompletely understood. Although previous studies of MB predisposition have been conducted in tertiary referral centers primarily in Caucasian cohorts, it is not unclear clear whether there exist population-specific genetic alterations in MBs. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genomic and transcriptomic alterations to the risk of malignant MB in the Chinese population (designated as the Asian cohort). We analyze the genomic and transcriptomic alterations of the Asian MB cohort by using a combination of whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-deep-sequencing. In addition, we integrate publicly available data with the Asian MB cohort and identify a subset of potential MB-driving genes specifically enriched in each of the MB subgroups. We further characterize a newly identified group-3-enriched transcriptional regulator, ZNF124, and demonstrate that ZNF124 is critical for the growth of the most aggressive group-3 MB cells. Together, our analyses indicate conserved yet distinct genetic alterations and gene expression patterns of MBs between different ethnic groups. Our studies further provide an important resource for identifying potential tumor-driving factors in MBs, enhancing our understanding of the disease process for developing ethnically targeted therapies in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaili Luo
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Kalen P Berry
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rohit Rao
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lingli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Guoying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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31
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Zhang M, Du S, Ou H, Cui R, Jiang N, Lin Y, Ge R, Ma D, Zhang J. Ablation of Zfhx4 results in early postnatal lethality by disrupting the respiratory center in mice. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:210-224. [PMID: 33475140 PMCID: PMC8260053 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breathing is an integrated motor behavior that is driven and controlled by a network of brainstem neurons. Zfhx4 is a zinc finger transcription factor and our results showed that it was specifically expressed in several regions of the mouse brainstem. Mice lacking Zfhx4 died shortly after birth from an apparent inability to initiate respiration. We also found that the electrical rhythm of brainstem‒spinal cord preparations was significantly depressed in Zfhx4-null mice compared to wild-type mice. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Zfhx4 was coexpressed with Phox2b and Math1 in the brainstem and that Zfhx4 ablation greatly decreased the expression of these proteins, especially in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Combined ChIP‒seq and mRNA expression microarray analysis identified Phox2b as the direct downstream target gene of Zfhx4, and this finding was validated by ChIP‒qPCR. Previous studies have reported that both Phox2b and Math1 play key roles in the development of the respiratory center, and Phox2b and Math1 knockout mice are neonatal lethal due to severe central apnea. On top of this, our study revealed that Zfhx4 is a critical regulator of Phox2b expression and essential for perinatal breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sichen Du
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huayuan Ou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Cui
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Runsheng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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32
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Szulzewsky F, Holland EC, Vasioukhin V. YAP1 and its fusion proteins in cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Dev Biol 2021; 475:205-221. [PMID: 33428889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
YAP1 is a transcriptional co-activator whose activity is controlled by the Hippo signaling pathway. In addition to important functions in normal tissue homeostasis and regeneration, YAP1 has also prominent functions in cancer initiation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance. In this review we are discussing the molecular functions of YAP1 and its roles in cancer, with a focus on the different mechanisms of de-regulation of YAP1 activity in human cancers, including inactivation of upstream Hippo pathway tumor suppressors, regulation by intersecting pathways, miRNAs, and viral oncogenes. We are also discussing new findings on the function and biology of the recently identified family of YAP1 gene fusions, that constitute a new type of activating mutation of YAP1 and that are the likely oncogenic drivers in several subtypes of human cancers. Lastly, we also discuss different strategies of therapeutic inhibition of YAP1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Szulzewsky
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; Seattle Tumor Translational Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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33
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Justicia-Grande AJ, Gómez-Ríal J, Rivero-Calle I, Pischedda S, Curras-Tuala MJ, Gómez-Carballa A, Cebey-López M, Pardo-Seco J, Méndez-Gallart R, Fernández-Seara MJ, Salas A, Martinón-Torres F. Case Report: Two Monochorionic Twins With a Critically Different Course of Progressive Osseus Heteroplasia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:662669. [PMID: 34249809 PMCID: PMC8260848 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.662669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH; OMIM 166350) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic disorder in which extra-skeletal bone forms within skin and muscle tissue. POH is one of the clinical manifestations of an inactivating mutation in the GNAS gene. GNAS gene alterations are difficult matter to address, as GNAS alleles show genetic imprinting and produce several transcript products, and the same mutation may lead to strikingly different phenotypes. Also, most of the publications concerning POH patients are either clinical depictions of a case (or a case series), descriptions of their genetic background, or a tentative correlation of both clinical and molecular findings. Treatment for POH is rarely addressed, and POH still lacks therapeutic options. We describe a unique case of POH in two monochorionic twins, who presented an almost asymptomatic vs. the severe clinical course, despite sharing the same mutation and genetic background. We also report the results of the therapeutic interventions currently available for heterotopic ossification in the patient with the severe course. This article not only critically supports the assumption that the POH course is strongly influenced by factors beyond genetic background but also remarks the lack of options for patients suffering an orphan disease, even after testing drugs with promising in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Justicia-Grande
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jose Gómez-Ríal
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Irene Rivero-Calle
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Pischedda
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María José Curras-Tuala
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Gómez-Carballa
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miriam Cebey-López
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jacobo Pardo-Seco
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Méndez-Gallart
- Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María José Fernández-Seara
- Immunology Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines, Infectious Diseases and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP Group), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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34
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Proteomic Profiling Change and Its Implies in the Early Mycosis Fungoides (MF) Using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9237381. [PMID: 33299887 PMCID: PMC7707953 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9237381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common T-cell lymphoma, with indolent biologic behavior in the early stage and features of invasive in the tumor stage. The diagnosis of MF is still ambiguous and difficult. We focused on the proteomic profiling change in the pathogenesis of early MF and identified candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis. Methods We collected peripheral blood samples of MF patients and healthy individuals (HI) performed proteomic profiling analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) platform. Differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were filtered, and involved biological functions were analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Results We identified 78 DEPs including fifty proteins were upregulated and 28 proteins were downregulated in the MF group with HI as a control. Total DEPs were analyzed according to the biological regulation and metabolic process through GO analysis. The pathways of LXR/RXR activation and FXR/RXR activation were significantly activated, in which APOH, CLU, and ITIH4 were involved. The top annotated disease and function network was (Cancer, Organismal Injury and Abnormalities, Reproductive System Disease), with a key node CLU. These DEPs were involved in cancer, including thyroid carcinoma, head and neck carcinoma, and cancer of secretory structure, in which CLU, GNAS, and PKM played an indirect role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Relevant causal network was IL12 (family), which is related to GNAS, PKM, and other DEPs. Conclusion Proteomic profiling of early-stage MF provided candidate protein biomarkers such as CLU, GNAS, and PKM, which benefit the early diagnosis and understanding of the mechanism of MF development. Besides, lipid metabolism may be one of the pathogenesis of MF, and IL12 was a potential marker for the diagnosis and treatment of early MF.
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35
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Garcia-Lopez J, Kumar R, Smith KS, Northcott PA. Deconstructing Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma: Molecular Subtypes, Drivers, and Beyond. Trends Genet 2020; 37:235-250. [PMID: 33272592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant cerebellar tumor predominantly diagnosed during childhood. Driven by pathogenic activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, SHH subgroup MB (SHH-MB) accounts for nearly one-third of diagnoses. Extensive molecular analyses have identified biologically and clinically relevant intertumoral heterogeneity among SHH-MB tumors, prompting the recognition of novel subtypes. Beyond germline and somatic mutations promoting constitutive SHH signaling, driver alterations affect a multitude of pathways and molecular processes, including TP53 signaling, chromatin modulation, and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Here, we review recent advances in the underpinnings of SHH-MB in the context of molecular subtypes, clarify novel somatic and germline drivers, highlight cellular origins and developmental hierarchies, and describe the composition of the tumor microenvironment and its putative role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Garcia-Lopez
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kyle S Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul A Northcott
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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36
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Ognjenovic NB, Bagheri M, Mohamed GA, Xu K, Chen Y, Mohamed Saleem MA, Brown MS, Nagaraj SH, Muller KE, Gerber SA, Christensen BC, Pattabiraman DR. Limiting Self-Renewal of the Basal Compartment by PKA Activation Induces Differentiation and Alters the Evolution of Mammary Tumors. Dev Cell 2020; 55:544-557.e6. [PMID: 33120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy utilizes our understanding of the hierarchy of cellular systems to pharmacologically induce a shift toward terminal commitment. While this approach has been a paradigm in treating certain hematological malignancies, efforts to translate this success to solid tumors have met with limited success. Mammary-specific activation of PKA in mouse models leads to aberrant differentiation and diminished self-renewing potential of the basal compartment, which harbors mammary repopulating cells. PKA activation results in tumors that are more benign, exhibiting reduced metastatic propensity, loss of tumor-initiating potential, and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Analysis of tumor histopathology revealed features of overt differentiation with papillary characteristics. Longitudinal single-cell profiling at the hyperplasia and tumor stages uncovered an altered path of tumor evolution whereby PKA curtails the emergence of aggressive subpopulations. Acting through the repression of SOX4, PKA activation promotes tumor differentiation and represents a possible adjuvant to chemotherapy for certain breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena B Ognjenovic
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Meisam Bagheri
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Gadisti Aisha Mohamed
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Youdinghuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Meredith S Brown
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kristen E Muller
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diwakar R Pattabiraman
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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37
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Hoy JJ, Parra NS, Park J, Kuhn S, Iglesias-Bartolome R. Protein kinase A inhibitor proteins (PKIs) divert GPCR-Gαs-cAMP signaling toward EPAC and ERK activation and are involved in tumor growth. FASEB J 2020; 34:13900-13917. [PMID: 32830375 PMCID: PMC7722164 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001515r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The PKA-inhibitor (PKI) family members PKIα, PKIβ, and PKIγ bind with high affinity to PKA and block its kinase activity, modulating the extent, and duration of PKA-mediated signaling events. While PKA is a well-known regulator of physiological and oncogenic events, the role of PKI proteins in these pathways has remained elusive. Here, by measuring activation of the MAPK pathway downstream of GPCR-Gαs-cAMP signaling, we show that the expression levels of PKI proteins can alter the balance of activation of two major cAMP targets: PKA and EPAC. Our results indicate that PKA maintains repressive control over MAPK signaling as well as a negative feedback on cAMP concentration. Overexpression of PKI and its subsequent repression of PKA dysregulates these signaling pathways, resulting in increased intracellular cAMP, and enhanced activation of EPAC and MAPK. We also find that amplifications of PKIA are common in prostate cancer and are associated with reduced progression free survival. Depletion of PKIA in prostate cancer cells leads to reduced migration, increased sensitivity to anoikis and reduced tumor growth. By altering PKA activity PKI can act as a molecular switch, driving GPCR-Gαs-cAMP signaling toward activation of EPAC-RAP1 and MAPK, ultimately modulating tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Hoy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Natalia Salinas Parra
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jeannie Park
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Skyler Kuhn
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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38
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Pedro MP, Lund K, Iglesias-Bartolome R. The landscape of GPCR signaling in the regulation of epidermal stem cell fate and skin homeostasis. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1520-1531. [PMID: 32896043 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous integration of signals from the micro and macro-environment is necessary for somatic stem cells to adapt to changing conditions, maintain tissue homeostasis and activate repair mechanisms. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) facilitate this integration by binding to numerous hormones, metabolites and inflammatory mediators, influencing a diverse network of pathways that regulate stem cell fate. This adaptive mechanism is particularly relevant for tissues that are exposed to environmental assault, like skin. The skin is maintained by a set of basal keratinocyte stem and progenitor cells located in the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis, and several GPCRs and their signaling partners serve as makers and regulators of epidermal stem cell activity. GPCRs utilize heterotrimeric G protein dependent and independent pathways to translate extracellular signals into intracellular molecular cascades that dictate the activation of keratinocyte proliferative and differentiation networks, including Hedgehog GLI, Hippo YAP1 and WNT/β-catenin, ultimately regulating stem cell identity. Dysregulation of GPCR signaling underlines numerous skin inflammatory diseases and cancer, with smoothened-driven basal cell carcinoma being a main example of a GPCR associated cancer. In this review, we discuss the impact of GPCRs and their signaling partners in skin keratinocyte biology, particularly in the regulation of the epidermal stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Pedro
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Lund
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Intraductal Pancreatic Mucinous Neoplasms: A Tumor-Biology Based Approach for Risk Stratification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176386. [PMID: 32887490 PMCID: PMC7504137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal human cancers. Its precursor lesions include pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). IPMNs usually present as an incidental finding at imaging in 2.6% of the population and, according to the degree of dysplasia, they are classified as low- or high-grade lesions. Since the risk of malignant transformation is not accurately predictable, the management of these lesions is based on morphological and clinical parameters, such as presence of mural nodule, main pancreatic duct dilation, presence of symptoms, or high-grade dysplasia. Although the main genetic alterations associated to IPMNs have been elucidated, they are still not helpful for disease risk stratification. The growing body of genomic and epigenomic studies along with the more recent development of organotypic cultures provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of the malignant transformation process, which will likely deliver biomarkers to help discriminate between low- and high-risk lesions. Recent insights on the topic are herein summarized.
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40
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da Silva LS, Mançano BM, de Paula FE, Dos Reis MB, de Almeida GC, Matsushita M, Junior CA, Evangelista AF, Saggioro F, Serafini LN, Stavale JN, Malheiros SMF, Lima M, Hajj GNM, de Lima MA, Taylor MD, Leal LF, Reis RM. Expression of GNAS, TP53, and PTEN Improves the Patient Prognostication in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) Medulloblastoma Subgroup. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:957-966. [PMID: 32380172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.04.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is currently classified in four main molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes: sonic hedgehog, wingless, group 3, and group 4 (MBSHH, MBWNT, MBGRP3, or MBGRP4). Presently, a 22-gene expression panel has been efficiently applied for molecular subgrouping using nCounter technology. In this study, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 164 Brazilian medulloblastomas were evaluated, applying the 22-gene panel, and subclassified into the low and high expression of nine key medulloblastoma-related genes. In addition, TP53 mutation status was assessed using TruSight Tumor 15 Panel, and its correlation with expression and prognostic impact was evaluated. Samples from 149 of 164 patients (90%) were classified into MBSHH (47.7%), MBWNT (16.1%), MBGRP3 (15.4%), and MBGRP4 (20.8%). GNAS presented the highest expression levels, with higher expression in MBSHH. TP53, MYCN, SOX2, and MET were also up-regulated in MBSHH, whereas PTEN was up-regulated in MBGRP4. GNAS, TP53, and PTEN low expression was associated with the unfavorable patient outcome only for MBSHH (P = 0.04, P = 0.01, and P = 0.02, respectively). TP53 mutations were detected in 28.57% of MBSHH cases and exhibited association with lower expression and worse clinical outcome, although not statistically significant. The 22-gene panel for molecular classification of medulloblastoma associated with the expression of GNAS, TP53, and PTEN improves the patient prognostication in MBSHH subgroup and can be easily incorporated in the 22-gene panel without any additional costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane S da Silva
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Mançano
- Children and Young Adult's Cancer Hospital, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia E de Paula
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Matsushita
- Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Junior
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Saggioro
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João N Stavale
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lima
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia N M Hajj
- International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michael D Taylor
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Letícia F Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Barretos Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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41
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Crane JN, Chang VY, Yong WH, Salamon N, Lee H, Kianmahd J, Dorrani N, Martinez-Agosto JA, Davidson TB. A case report of a novel germline GNAS mutation in sonic hedgehog activated medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28103. [PMID: 31793173 PMCID: PMC7307637 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn N. Crane
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Vivian Y. Chang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles Hospital, Los Angeles, California
| | - William H. Yong
- Division of Neuropathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hane Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jessica Kianmahd
- Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julian A. Martinez-Agosto
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Children’s Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California Los Angeles Hospital, Los Angeles, California,Clinical Genomics Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Division of Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tom B. Davidson
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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42
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Tokita MJ, Nahas S, Briggs B, Malicki DM, Mesirov JP, Reyes IAC, Farnaes L, Levy ML, Kingsmore SF, Dimmock D, Crawford JR, Wechsler-Reya RJ. Biallelic loss of GNAS in a patient with pediatric medulloblastoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2019; 5:mcs.a004572. [PMID: 31624069 PMCID: PMC6824258 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a004572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome sequencing was performed on matched normal and tumor tissue from a 6.5-yr-old boy with a diagnosis of recurrent medulloblastoma. A pathogenic heterozygous c.432+1G>A canonical splice donor site variant in GNAS was detected on analysis of blood DNA. Analysis of tumor DNA showed the same splice variant along with copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity on Chromosome 20 encompassing GNAS, consistent with predicted biallelic loss of GNAS in the tumor specimen. This case strengthens the evidence implicating GNAS as a tumor-suppressor gene in medulloblastoma and highlights a scenario in which therapeutics targeting the cAMP pathway may be of great utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari J Tokita
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Shareef Nahas
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Benjamin Briggs
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Denise M Malicki
- Department of Pediatrics and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Jill P Mesirov
- Department of Medicine and University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92037, California, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92037, California, USA
| | - Iris Anne C Reyes
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Lauge Farnaes
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - Michael L Levy
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California 92123, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA
| | - John R Crawford
- Department of Pediatrics and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California 92123, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and University of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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43
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Zhang L, He X, Liu X, Zhang F, Huang LF, Potter AS, Xu L, Zhou W, Zheng T, Luo Z, Berry KP, Pribnow A, Smith SM, Fuller C, Jones BV, Fouladi M, Drissi R, Yang ZJ, Gustafson WC, Remke M, Pomeroy SL, Girard EJ, Olson JM, Morrissy AS, Vladoiu MC, Zhang J, Tian W, Xin M, Taylor MD, Potter SS, Roussel MF, Weiss WA, Lu QR. Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Medulloblastoma Reveals Tumor-Initiating Progenitors and Oncogenic Cascades during Tumorigenesis and Relapse. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:302-318.e7. [PMID: 31474569 PMCID: PMC6760242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Progenitor heterogeneity and identities underlying tumor initiation and relapse in medulloblastomas remain elusive. Utilizing single-cell transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated a developmental hierarchy of progenitor pools in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) medulloblastomas, and identified OLIG2-expressing glial progenitors as transit-amplifying cells at the tumorigenic onset. Although OLIG2+ progenitors become quiescent stem-like cells in full-blown tumors, they are highly enriched in therapy-resistant and recurrent medulloblastomas. Depletion of mitotic Olig2+ progenitors or Olig2 ablation impeded tumor initiation. Genomic profiling revealed that OLIG2 modulates chromatin landscapes and activates oncogenic networks including HIPPO-YAP/TAZ and AURORA-A/MYCN pathways. Co-targeting these oncogenic pathways induced tumor growth arrest. Together, our results indicate that glial lineage-associated OLIG2+ progenitors are tumor-initiating cells during medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and relapse, suggesting OLIG2-driven oncogenic networks as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Zhang
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xuelian He
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Xuezhao Liu
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - L Frank Huang
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew S Potter
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lingli Xu
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaili Luo
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kalen P Berry
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Allison Pribnow
- Tumor Cell Biology Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stephanie M Smith
- Tumor Cell Biology Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christine Fuller
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Blaise V Jones
- Radiology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Maryam Fouladi
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rachid Drissi
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Surgery and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marc Remke
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Scott L Pomeroy
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily J Girard
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA
| | - James M Olson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA
| | - A Sorana Morrissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Maria C Vladoiu
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Weidong Tian
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mei Xin
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - S Steven Potter
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Tumor Cell Biology Division, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Surgery and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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44
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Direct visualization of cAMP signaling in primary cilia reveals up-regulation of ciliary GPCR activity following Hedgehog activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12066-12071. [PMID: 31142652 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819730116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium permits compartmentalization of specific signaling pathways, including elements of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Hh transcriptional activity is thought to be negatively regulated by constitutively high ciliary cAMP maintained by the Gα(s)-coupled GPCR, GPR161. However, cilia also sequester many other Gα(s)-coupled GPCRs with unknown potential to regulate Hh. Here we used biosensors optimized for ciliary cAMP and strategies to isolate signals in the cilium from the cell body and neighboring cells. We found that ciliary cAMP was not elevated relative to cellular cAMP, inconsistent with constitutive cAMP production. Gα(s)-coupled GPCRs (e.g., the 5-HT6 serotonin and D1R dopamine receptor) had reduced ability to generate cAMP upon trafficking to the ciliary membrane. However, activation of the Hh pathway restored or amplified GPCR function to permit cAMP elevation selectively in the cilium. Hh therefore enables its own local GPCR-dependent cAMP regulatory circuit. Considering that GPCRs comprise much of the druggable genome, these data suggest alternative strategies to modify Hh signaling.
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45
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Abstract
Signaling pathways that mediate cell-cell communication are essential for collective cell behaviors in multicellular systems. The hedgehog (HH) pathway, first discovered and elucidated in Drosophila, is one of these iconic signaling systems that plays many roles during embryogenesis and in adults; abnormal HH signaling can lead to birth defects and cancer. We review recent structural and biochemical studies that have advanced our understanding of the vertebrate HH pathway, focusing on the mechanisms by which the HH signal is received by patched on target cells, transduced across the cell membrane by smoothened, and transmitted to the nucleus by GLI proteins to influence gene-expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Kong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rajat Rohatgi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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46
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Lu QR, Qian L, Zhou X. Developmental origins and oncogenic pathways in malignant brain tumors. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e342. [PMID: 30945456 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors such as adult glioblastomas and pediatric high-grade gliomas or medulloblastomas are among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, exhibiting poor prognoses with little improvement in outcomes in the past several decades. These tumors are heterogeneous and can be initiated from various neural cell types, contributing to therapy resistance. How such heterogeneity arises is linked to the tumor cell of origin and their genetic alterations. Brain tumorigenesis and progression recapitulate key features associated with normal neurogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms are quite dysregulated as tumor cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled manner. Recent comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies at single-cell resolution have shed new light onto diverse tumor-driving events, cellular heterogeneity, and cells of origin in different brain tumors. Primary and secondary glioblastomas develop through different genetic alterations and pathways, such as EGFR amplification and IDH1/2 or TP53 mutation, respectively. Mutations such as histone H3K27M impacting epigenetic modifications define a distinct group of pediatric high-grade gliomas such as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. The identification of distinct genetic, epigenomic profiles and cellular heterogeneity has led to new classifications of adult and pediatric brain tumor subtypes, affording insights into molecular and lineage-specific vulnerabilities for treatment stratification. This review discusses our current understanding of tumor cells of origin, heterogeneity, recurring genetic and epigenetic alterations, oncogenic drivers and signaling pathways for adult glioblastomas, pediatric high-grade gliomas, and medulloblastomas, the genetically heterogeneous groups of malignant brain tumors. This article is categorized under: Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cell Differentiation and Reversion Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Richard Lu
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lily Qian
- Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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47
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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Principles of tumorigenesis and emerging molecular drivers of SHH-activated medulloblastomas. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:990-1005. [PMID: 31139698 PMCID: PMC6529984 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SHH-activated medulloblastomas (SHH-MB) account for 25-30% of all medulloblastomas (MB) and occur with a bimodal age distribution, encompassing many infant and adult, but fewer childhood cases. Different age groups are characterized by distinct survival outcomes and age-specific alterations of regulatory pathways. Here, we review SHH-specific genetic aberrations and signaling pathways. Over 95% of SHH-MBs contain at least one driver event - the activating mutations frequently affect sonic hedgehog signaling (PTCH1, SMO, SUFU), genome maintenance (TP53), and chromatin modulation (KMT2D, KMT2C, HAT complexes), while genes responsible for transcriptional regulation (MYCN) are recurrently amplified. SHH-MBs have the highest prevalence of damaging germline mutations among all MBs. TP53-mutant MBs are enriched among older children and have the worst prognosis among all SHH-MBs. Numerous genetic aberrations, including mutations of TERT, DDX3X, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are almost exclusive to adult patients. We elaborate on the newest development within the evolution of molecular subclassification, and compare proposed risk categories across emerging classification systems. We discuss discoveries based on preclinical models and elaborate on the applicability of potential new therapies, including BET bromodomain inhibitors, statins, inhibitors of SMO, AURK, PLK, cMET, targeting stem-like cells, and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies. An enormous amount of data on the genetic background of SHH-MB have accumulated, nevertheless, subgroup affiliation does not provide reliable prediction about response to therapy. Emerging subtypes within SHH-MB offer more layered risk stratifications. Rational clinical trial designs with the incorporation of available molecular knowledge are inevitable. Improved collaboration across the scientific community will be imperative for therapeutic breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest Hungary.,MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group Institute of Enzymology Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics Semmelweis University H-1094 Budapest Hungary.,MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group Institute of Enzymology Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2 Budapest Hungary
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48
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Łastowska M, Karkucińska-Więckowska A, Waschek JA, Niewiadomski P. Differential Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Markers in Mouse and Human SHH-Subtype Medulloblastoma. Cells 2019; 8:E216. [PMID: 30841515 PMCID: PMC6468894 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a brain tumor that arises predominantly in infants and children. It is the most common pediatric brain malignancy. Around 25% of medulloblastomas are driven by constitutive activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma is often studied in the laboratory using genetic mouse models with overactive Hedgehog signaling, which recapitulate many of the pathological features of human Hedgehog-dependent tumors. However, we show here that on a molecular level the human and mouse HH-dependent MB are quite distinct, with human, but not mouse, tumors characterized by the presence of markers of increased oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial biogenesis. The latter suggests that, unlike for many other types of tumors, a switch to glycolytic metabolism might not be co-opted by human SHH-MB to perpetuate their survival and growth. This needs to be taken into consideration and could potentially be exploited in the design of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Łastowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neuropathology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | - James A Waschek
- Intellectual Development and Disabilities Research Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Paweł Niewiadomski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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49
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Ji S, Liu Q, Zhang S, Chen Q, Wang C, Zhang W, Xiao C, Li Y, Nian C, Li J, Li J, Geng J, Hong L, Xie C, He Y, Chen X, Li X, Yin ZY, You H, Lin KH, Wu Q, Yu C, Johnson RL, Wang L, Chen L, Wang F, Zhou D. FGF15 Activates Hippo Signaling to Suppress Bile Acid Metabolism and Liver Tumorigenesis. Dev Cell 2019; 48:460-474.e9. [PMID: 30745141 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The external factors that modulate Hippo signaling remain elusive. Here, we report that FGF15 activates Hippo signaling to suppress bile acid metabolism, liver overgrowth, and tumorigenesis. FGF15 is induced by FXR in ileal enterocytes in response to increased amounts of intestinal bile. We found that circulating enterohepatic FGF15 stimulates hepatic receptor FGFR4 to recruit and phosphorylate NF2, which relieves the inhibitory effect of Raf on the Hippo kinases Mst1/2, thereby switching FGFR4's role from pro-oncogenic to anti-tumor signaling. The activated Mst1/2 subsequently phosphorylates and stabilizes SHP to downregulate the key bile acid-synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1 expression, thereby limiting bile acid synthesis. In contrast, Mst1/2 deficiency impairs bile acid metabolism and remarkably increases Cyp7a1 expression and bile acid production. Importantly, pharmacological depletion of intestinal bile abrogates Mst1/2-mutant-driven liver overgrowth and oncogenesis. Therefore, FGF15-Hippo signaling along the gut-liver axis acts as a sensor of bile acid availability to restrain liver size and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qingxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325030, China
| | - Weiji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Cheng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lixin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - Han You
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, TaoYuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; The Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lanfen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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50
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Label-free Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression Alterations in miR-26a-Knockout HeLa Cells using SWATH-MS Technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1399. [PMID: 30718521 PMCID: PMC6362012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to the 3ʹ-untranslated region of target mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner and subsequently repress gene translation. Human miR-26a has been studied extensively, but the target transcripts are far from complete. We first employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to generate an miR-26a-knockout line in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. The miR26a-knockout line showed increased cell growth and altered proliferation. Proteomics technology of sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) was utilized to compare the protein abundance between the wild-type and the knockout lines, with an attempt to identify transcripts whose translation was influenced by miR-26a. Functional classification of the proteins with significant changes revealed their function in stress response, proliferation, localization, development, signaling, etc. Several proteins in the cell cycle/proliferation signaling pathway were chosen to be validated by western blot and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The satisfactory consistency among the three approaches indicated the reliability of the SWATH-MS quantification. Among the computationally predicted targets, a subset of the targets was directly regulated by miR-26a, as demonstrated by luciferase assays and Western blotting. This study creates an inventory of miR-26a-targeted transcripts in HeLa cells and provides fundamental knowledge to further explore the functions of miR-26a in human cancer.
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