1
|
Belzil A, Gélinas R, Comtois P. Development of a high-speed imaging system for real time evaluation and monitoring of cardiac engineered tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1403044. [PMID: 39188370 PMCID: PMC11345265 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1403044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell derived cardiac monolayers have high potential for tissue regeneration, in vitro drug testing and disease modeling. However, current differentiation protocols are still sub-optimal, resulting in cultures with variable yields and properties. We propose a high-speed lenseless imaging system, integrated with an electrical stimulation unit, to optimize the generation of these cultures. This tool relies on the variations of cellular patterns, during contraction, measured by digital imaging. The imaging system can monitor cardiac cell sheet function and structure, providing the necessary tools to quickly evaluate engineered monolayer. It can record high speed videos and capture high resolution images, from which tissue spatial organization and contractile characteristics can be obtained. Validation of the system was performed using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cell and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The imaging system allows the observation, acquisition and analysis of important data relating to contractile activity development of cardiac cells, making it a promising tool for optimization in cardiac tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Belzil
- Research Centre, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Universite de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Universite de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roselle Gélinas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomic Medicine of Inflammation, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Comtois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Universite de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Universite de Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Koukorava C, Ahmed K, Almaghrabi S, Pointon A, Haddrick M, Cross MJ. Anticancer drugs and cardiotoxicity: the role of cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1372817. [PMID: 39081368 PMCID: PMC11287221 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1372817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity can be defined as "chemically induced heart disease", which can occur with many different drug classes treating a range of diseases. It is the primary cause of drug attrition during pre-clinical development and withdrawal from the market. Drug induced cardiovascular toxicity can result from both functional effects with alteration of the contractile and electrical regulation in the heart and structural changes with morphological changes to cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells. These adverse effects result in conditions such as arrhythmia or a more serious reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which can lead to heart failure and death. Anticancer drugs can adversely affect cardiomyocyte function as well as cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac endothelial cells, interfering in autocrine and paracrine signalling between these cell types and ultimately altering cardiac cellular homeostasis. This review aims to highlight potential toxicity mechanisms involving cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte cells by first introducing the physiological roles of these cells within the myocardium and secondly, identifying the physiological pathways perturbed by anticancer drugs in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chrysa Koukorava
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shrouq Almaghrabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael J. Cross
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bongiovanni C, Bueno-Levy H, Posadas Pena D, Del Bono I, Miano C, Boriati S, Da Pra S, Sacchi F, Redaelli S, Bergen M, Romaniello D, Pontis F, Tassinari R, Kellerer L, Petraroia I, Mazzeschi M, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Heermann S, Weidinger G, Tzahor E, D'Uva G. BMP7 promotes cardiomyocyte regeneration in zebrafish and adult mice. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114162. [PMID: 38678558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have a lifelong cardiac regenerative ability after damage, whereas mammals lose this capacity during early postnatal development. This study investigated whether the declining expression of growth factors during postnatal mammalian development contributes to the decrease of cardiomyocyte regenerative potential. Besides confirming the proliferative ability of neuregulin 1 (NRG1), interleukin (IL)1b, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), insulin growth factor (IGF)2, and IL6, we identified other potential pro-regenerative factors, with BMP7 exhibiting the most pronounced efficacy. Bmp7 knockdown in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and loss-of-function in adult zebrafish during cardiac regeneration reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation, indicating that Bmp7 is crucial in the regenerative stages of mouse and zebrafish hearts. Conversely, bmp7 overexpression in regenerating zebrafish or administration at post-mitotic juvenile and adult mouse stages, in vitro and in vivo following myocardial infarction, enhanced cardiomyocyte cycling. Mechanistically, BMP7 stimulated proliferation through BMPR1A/ACVR1 and ACVR2A/BMPR2 receptors and downstream SMAD5, ERK, and AKT signaling. Overall, BMP7 administration is a promising strategy for heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hanna Bueno-Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St. 234, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Denise Posadas Pena
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Irene Del Bono
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Boriati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Redaelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max Bergen
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Kellerer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ilaria Petraroia
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, via Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), via di Corticella 183, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stephan Heermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gilbert Weidinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St. 234, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee JS, Lee JE, Yu SH, Chun T, Chang MY, Lee DR, Park CH. Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex during Neuronal Differentiation of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:59-69. [PMID: 37879852 PMCID: PMC10899886 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-hESCs can permanently self-renew while maintaining their capacity to differentiate into any type of somatic cells, thereby serving as an important cell source for cell therapy. However, there are persistent challenges in the application of hPSCs in clinical trials, where one of the most significant is graft rejection by the patient immune system in response to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch when transplants are obtained from an allogeneic (non-self) cell source. Homozygous SCNT-hESCs (homo-SCNT-hESCs) were used to simplify the clinical application and to reduce HLA mismatch. Here, we present a xeno-free protocol that confirms the efficient generation of neural precursor cells in hPSCs and also the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, there was no difference when comparing the HLA expression patterns of hESC, homo-SCNT-hESCs and hetero-SCNT-hESCs. We propose that there are no differences in the differentiation capacity and HLA expression among hPSCs that can be cultured in vitro. Thus, it is expected that homo-SCNT-hESCs will possess a wider range of applications when transplanted with neural precursor cells in the context of clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Saem Lee
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeoung Eun Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Shin-Hye Yu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Paeanbiotechnology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taehoon Chun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Yoon Chang
- Department of Premedicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Biomedical Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang M, Lui KO, Zhou B. Application of New Lineage Tracing Techniques in Cardiovascular Development and Physiology. Circ Res 2024; 134:445-458. [PMID: 38359092 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide in the past 3 decades. Multiple cell lineages undergo dynamic alternations in gene expression, cell state determination, and cell fate conversion to contribute, adapt, and even modulate the pathophysiological processes during disease progression. There is an urgent need to understand the intricate cellular and molecular underpinnings of cardiovascular cell development in homeostasis and pathogenesis. Recent strides in lineage tracing methodologies have revolutionized our understanding of cardiovascular biology with the identification of new cellular origins, fates, plasticity, and heterogeneity within the cardiomyocyte, endothelial, and mesenchymal cell populations. In this review, we introduce the new technologies for lineage tracing of cardiovascular cells and summarize their applications in studying cardiovascular development, diseases, repair, and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MingJun Zhang
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (M.J., B.Z.)
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China (K.O.L.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (M.J., B.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (B.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (B.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Long H, Steimle JD, Grisanti Canozo FJ, Kim JH, Li X, Morikawa Y, Park M, Turaga D, Adachi I, Wythe JD, Samee MAH, Martin JF. Endothelial cells adopt a pro-reparative immune responsive signature during cardiac injury. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202201870. [PMID: 38012001 PMCID: PMC10681909 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the heart's immune microenvironment is crucial for recovery after ischemic events such as myocardial infarction (MI). Endothelial cells (ECs) can have immune regulatory functions; however, interactions between ECs and the immune environment in the heart after MI remain poorly understood. We identified an EC-specific IFN responsive and immune regulatory gene signature in adult and pediatric heart failure (HF) tissues. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of murine hearts subjected to MI uncovered an EC population (IFN-ECs) with immunologic gene signatures similar to those in human HF. IFN-ECs were enriched in regenerative-stage mouse hearts and expressed genes encoding immune responsive transcription factors (Irf7, Batf2, and Stat1). Single-cell chromatin accessibility studies revealed an enrichment of these TF motifs at IFN-EC signature genes. Expression of immune regulatory ligand genes by IFN-ECs suggests bidirectional signaling between IFN-ECs and macrophages in regenerative-stage hearts. Our data suggest that ECs may adopt immune regulatory signatures after cardiac injury to accompany the reparative response. The presence of these signatures in human HF and murine MI models suggests a potential role for EC-mediated immune regulation in responding to stress induced by acute injury in MI and chronic adverse remodeling in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hali Long
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jong Hwan Kim
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuka Morikawa
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minjun Park
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diwakar Turaga
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iki Adachi
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Md Abul Hassan Samee
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James F Martin
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Interdepartmental Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/00r4vsg44 Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- https://ror.org/02pttbw34 Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kraler S, Balbi C, Vdovenko D, Lapikova-Bryhinska T, Camici GG, Liberale L, Bonetti N, Canestro CD, Burger F, Roth A, Carbone F, Vassalli G, Mach F, Bhasin S, Wenzl FA, Muller O, Räber L, Matter CM, Montecucco F, Lüscher TF, Akhmedov A. Circulating GDF11 exacerbates myocardial injury in mice and associates with increased infarct size in humans. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2729-2742. [PMID: 37742057 PMCID: PMC10757585 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The heart rejuvenating effects of circulating growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a transforming growth factor-β superfamily member that shares 90% homology with myostatin (MSTN), remains controversial. Here, we aimed to probe the role of GDF11 in acute myocardial infarction (MI), a frequent cause of heart failure and premature death during ageing. METHODS AND RESULTS In contrast to endogenous Mstn, myocardial Gdf11 declined during the course of ageing and was particularly reduced following ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting a therapeutic potential of GDF11 signalling in MI. Unexpectedly, boosting systemic Gdf11 by recombinant GDF11 delivery (0.1 mg/kg body weight over 30 days) prior to myocardial I/R augmented myocardial infarct size in C57BL/6 mice irrespective of their age, predominantly by accelerating pro-apoptotic signalling. While intrinsic cardioprotective signalling pathways remained unaffected by high circulating GDF11, targeted transcriptomics and immunomapping studies focusing on GDF11-associated downstream targets revealed attenuated Nkx2-5 expression confined to CD105-expressing cells, with pro-apoptotic activity, as assessed by caspase-3 levels, being particularly pronounced in adjacent cells, suggesting an indirect effect. By harnessing a highly specific and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based assay, we show that in prospectively recruited patients with MI circulating GDF11 but not MSTN levels incline with age. Moreover, GDF11 levels were particularly elevated in those at high risk for adverse outcomes following the acute event, with circulating GDF11 emerging as an independent predictor of myocardial infarct size, as estimated by standardized peak creatine kinase-MB levels. CONCLUSION Our data challenge the initially reported heart rejuvenating effects of circulating GDF11 and suggest that high levels of systemic GDF11 exacerbate myocardial injury in mice and humans alike. Persistently high GDF11 levels during ageing may contribute to the age-dependent loss of cardioprotective mechanisms and thus poor outcomes of elderly patients following acute MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kraler
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Candela Diaz Canestro
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratories for Translational Research, EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Research, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Florian A Wenzl
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Muller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova—Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College and Kings College, London, UK
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Zurich CH-8952, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lother A, Kohl P. The heterocellular heart: identities, interactions, and implications for cardiology. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:30. [PMID: 37495826 PMCID: PMC10371928 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The heterocellular nature of the heart has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. In addition to cardiomyocytes as the prototypical cell type of the heart, non-myocytes such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, or immune cells are coming more into focus. The rise of single-cell sequencing technologies enables identification of ever more subtle differences and has reignited the question of what defines a cell's identity. Here we provide an overview of the major cardiac cell types, describe their roles in homeostasis, and outline recent findings on non-canonical functions that may be of relevance for cardiology. We highlight modes of biochemical and biophysical interactions between different cardiac cell types and discuss the potential implications of the heterocellular nature of the heart for basic research and therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Zhou Y, Zhou Z, Fang Y, Ma L, Zhang X, Xiong J, Liu L. Hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells are valid cell sources for cell therapeutics with normal self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36691086 PMCID: PMC9872349 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoimmunogenic human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are expected to serve as an unlimited cell source for generating universally compatible "off-the-shelf" cell grafts. However, whether the engineered hypoimmunogenic hPSCs still preserve their advantages of unlimited self-renewal and multilineage differentiation to yield functional tissue cells remains unclear. Here, we systematically studied the self-renewal and differentiation potency of three types of hypoimmunogenic hPSCs, established through the biallelic lesion of B2M gene to remove all surface expression of classical and nonclassical HLA class I molecules (B2Mnull), biallelic homologous recombination of nonclassical HLA-G1 to the B2M loci to knockout B2M while expressing membrane-bound β2m-HLA-G1 fusion proteins (B2MmHLAG), and ectopic expression of soluble and secreted β2m-HLA-G5 fusion proteins in B2MmHLAG hPSCs (B2Mm/sHLAG) in the most widely used WA09 human embryonic stem cells. Our results showed that hypoimmunogenic hPSCs with variable expression patterns of HLA molecules and immune compromising spectrums retained their normal self-renewal capacity and three-germ-layer differentiation potency. More importantly, as exemplified by neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, hypoimmunogenic hPSC-derived tissue cells were fully functional as of their morphology, electrophysiological properties, macromolecule transportation and metabolic regulation. Our findings thus indicate that engineered hypoimmunogenic hPSCs hold great promise of serving as an unlimited universal cell source for cell therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongshu Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li R, Frangogiannis NG. Integrins in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:1-13. [PMID: 35872324 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells sense mechanical stress and changes in their matrix environment through the integrins, a family of heterodimeric surface receptors that bind to extracellular matrix ligands and trigger cytoskeletal remodeling, while transducing a wide range of intracellular signals. Integrins have been extensively implicated in regulation of inflammation, repair and fibrosis in many different tissues. This review manuscript discusses the role of integrin-mediated cascades in myocardial fibrosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that β1 and αv integrins play an important role in fibrogenic conversion of cardiac fibroblast, acting through direct stimulation of FAK/Src cascades, or via accentuation of growth factor signaling. Fibrogenic actions of αv integrins may be mediated, at least in part, through pericellular activation of latent TGF-β stores. In vivo evidence supporting the role of integrin heterodimers in fibrotic cardiac remodeling is limited to associative evidence, and to experiments using pharmacologic inhibitors, or global loss-of-function approaches. Studies documenting in vivo actions of integrins on fibroblasts using cell-specific strategies are lacking. Integrin effects on leukocytes may also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic myocardial responses by mediating recruitment and activation of fibrogenic macrophages. The profile and role of integrins in cardiac fibrosis may be dependent on the underlying pathologic condition. Considering their cell surface localization and the availability of small molecule inhibitors, integrins may be attractive therapeutic targets for patients with heart failure associated with prominent fibrotic remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Li
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao J, Ma F, Zhang L, Zhu C, Jumabay M, Yao Z, Wang L, Cai X, Zhang D, Qiao X, Shivkumar K, Pellegrini M, Yao Y, Wu X, Boström KI. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Identifies Dynamic Cardiac Transition Program from Adipose Derived Cells Induced by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor. Stem Cells 2022; 40:932-948. [PMID: 35896368 PMCID: PMC9585902 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived cells (ADCs) from white adipose tissue (WAT) are promising stem cell candidates because of their large regenerative reserves and the potential for cardiac regeneration. However, given the heterogeneity of ADC and its unsolved mechanisms of cardiac acquisition, ADC-cardiac transition efficiency remains low. In this study, we explored the heterogeneity of ADCs and the cellular kinetics of 39,432 single-cell transcriptomes along the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induced ADC-cardiac transition. We identified distinct ADC subpopulations that reacted differentially to LIF when entering the cardiomyogenic program, further demonstrating that ADC-myogenesis is time-dependent and initiates from transient changes in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. At later stages, pseudotime analysis of ADCs navigated a trajectory with two branches corresponding to activated myofibroblast or cardiomyocyte-like cells. Our findings offer a high-resolution dissection of ADC heterogeneity and cell fate during ADC-cardiac transition, thus providing new insights into potential cardiac stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, Chongqing 401338, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Ching Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Medet Jumabay
- Division of Allergy, Immunology Center for Immunity, Infection, and Inflammation Pediatrics, Dept of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Zehao Yao
- Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lumin Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | | | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.,Dept of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pianca N, Sacchi F, Umansky KB, Chirivì M, Iommarini L, Da Pra S, Papa V, Bongiovanni C, Miano C, Pontis F, Braga L, Tassinari R, Pantano E, Patnala RS, Mazzeschi M, Cenacchi G, Porcelli AM, Lauriola M, Ventura C, Giacca M, Rizzi R, Tzahor E, D'Uva G. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonization propels endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:617-633. [PMID: 39196236 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, the physiological activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by glucocorticoids (GCs) promotes the maturation of cardiomyocytes during late gestation, but the effect on postnatal cardiac growth and regenerative plasticity is unclear. Here we demonstrate that the GC-GR axis restrains cardiomyocyte proliferation during postnatal development. Cardiomyocyte-specific GR ablation in conditional knockout (cKO) mice delayed the postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle exit, hypertrophic growth and cytoarchitectural maturation. GR-cKO hearts showed increased expression of genes involved in glucose catabolism and reduced expression of genes promoting fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, oxygen consumption in GR-cKO cardiomyocytes was less dependent on fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis inhibition reverted GR-cKO effects on cardiomyocyte proliferation. GR ablation or transient pharmacological inhibition after myocardial infarction in juvenile and/or adult mice facilitated cardiomyocyte survival, cell cycle re-entry and division, leading to cardiac muscle regeneration along with reduced scar formation. Thus, GR restrains heart regeneration and may represent a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pianca
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Kfir Baruch Umansky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maila Chirivì
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Pontis
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elvira Pantano
- Scientific and Technological Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotors Sciences, Anatomic Pathology at S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Porcelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Eldad Tzahor
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koyilot MC, Natarajan P, Hunt CR, Sivarajkumar S, Roy R, Joglekar S, Pandita S, Tong CW, Marakkar S, Subramanian L, Yadav SS, Cherian AV, Pandita TK, Shameer K, Yadav KK. Breakthroughs and Applications of Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111828. [PMID: 35681523 PMCID: PMC9180073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is an emerging technology based on microfluid platforms and in vitro cell culture that has a promising future in the healthcare industry. The numerous advantages of OOAC over conventional systems make it highly popular. The chip is an innovative combination of novel technologies, including lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics, biomaterials, and tissue engineering. This paper begins by analyzing the need for the development of OOAC followed by a brief introduction to the technology. Later sections discuss and review the various types of OOACs and the fabrication materials used. The implementation of artificial intelligence in the system makes it more advanced, thereby helping to provide a more accurate diagnosis as well as convenient data management. We introduce selected OOAC projects, including applications to organ/disease modelling, pharmacology, personalized medicine, and dentistry. Finally, we point out certain challenges that need to be surmounted in order to further develop and upgrade the current systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mufeeda C. Koyilot
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Priyadarshini Natarajan
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Clayton R. Hunt
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sonish Sivarajkumar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Romy Roy
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Shreeram Joglekar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Carl W. Tong
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shamsudheen Marakkar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | | | - Shalini S. Yadav
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Anoop V. Cherian
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Khader Shameer
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Kamlesh K. Yadav
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gui Y, Zheng H, Cao RY. Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis: Novel Insights Into Its Origins, Consequences, and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845942. [PMID: 35498045 PMCID: PMC9043520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular mechanisms of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells are originated from monocytes as well as from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), stem/progenitor cells, and endothelium cells. Novel technologies including lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have revolutionized our understanding of subtypes of monocyte- and VSMC-derived foam cells. By using scRNA-seq, three main clusters including resident-like, inflammatory, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem2 hi ) are identified as the major subtypes of monocyte-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells undergo diverse pathways of programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, contributing to the necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of foam cells is affected by cholesterol uptake, efflux, and esterification. Novel mechanisms including nuclear receptors, non-coding RNAs, and gut microbiota have been discovered and investigated. Although the heterogeneity of monocytes and the complexity of non-coding RNAs make obstacles for targeting foam cells, further in-depth research and therapeutic exploration are needed for the better management of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gui
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Y. Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nemir M, Kay M, Maison D, Berthonneche C, Sarre A, Plaisance I, Pedrazzini T. Inhibition of the NOTCH1 Pathway in the Stressed Heart Limits Fibrosis and Promotes Recruitment of Non-Myocyte Cells into the Cardiomyocyte Fate. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9040111. [PMID: 35448087 PMCID: PMC9024539 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathologies lead to an acute or gradual loss of cardiomyocytes. Because of the limited regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart, cardiomyocytes are only replaced by fibrotic tissue. Excessive fibrosis contributes to the deterioration of cardiac function and the transition to heart failure, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, no treatments can promote replenishment of the injured heart with newly formed cardiomyocytes. In this context, regenerative strategies explore the possibility to promote recovery through induction of cardiomyocyte production from pre-existing cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, cardiac non-myocyte cells can be directly reprogrammed into induced cardiac precursor cells and cardiomyocytes, suggesting that these cells could be exploited to produce cardiomyocytes in vivo. Here, we provide evidence that the sequential activation and inhibition of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway in the stressed heart decreases fibrosis and improves cardiac function in the stressed heart. This is accompanied by the emergence of new cardiomyocytes from non-myocyte origin. Overall, our data show how a developmental pathway such as the NOTCH pathway can be manipulated to provide therapeutic benefit in the damaged heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nemir
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Maryam Kay
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Damien Maison
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandre Sarre
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (C.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Isabelle Plaisance
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Experimental Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.K.); (D.M.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-0765
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rao KS, Kloppenburg JE, Marquis T, Solomon L, McElroy-Yaggy KL, Spees JL. CTGF-D4 Amplifies LRP6 Signaling to Promote Grafts of Adult Epicardial-derived Cells That Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2022; 40:204-214. [PMID: 35257185 PMCID: PMC9199845 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of stem/progenitor cells holds promise for cardiac regeneration in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, however, low cell survival and engraftment after transplantation present a major barrier to many forms of cell therapy. One issue is that ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways that promote graft success remain poorly understood. Here, we prospectively isolate uncommitted epicardial cells from the adult heart surface by CD104 (β-4 integrin) and demonstrate that C-terminal peptide from connective tissue growth factor (CTGF-D4), when combined with insulin, effectively primes epicardial-derived cells (EPDC) for cardiac engraftment after MI. Similar to native epicardial derivatives that arise from epicardial EMT at the heart surface, the grafted cells migrated into injured myocardial tissue in a rat model of MI with reperfusion. By echocardiography, at 1 month after MI, we observed significant improvement in cardiac function for animals that received epicardial cells primed with CTGF-D4/insulin compared with those that received vehicle-primed (control) cells. In the presence of insulin, CTGF-D4 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Wnt co-receptor LRP6 on EPDC. Competitive engraftment assays and neutralizing/blocking studies showed that LRP6 was required for EPDC engraftment after transplantation. Our results identify LRP6 as a key target for increasing EPDC engraftment after MI and suggest amplification of LRP6 signaling with CTGF-D4/insulin, or by other means, may provide an effective approach for achieving successful cellular grafts in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jessica E Kloppenburg
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Laura Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Keara L McElroy-Yaggy
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Uemasu H, Ikuta H, Igawa T, Suzuki M, Kyakuno M, Iwata Y, Tazawa I, Ogino H, Satoh Y, Takeuchi T, Namba N, Hayashi T. Cryo-injury procedure-induced cardiac regeneration shows unique gene expression profiles in the newt Pleurodeles waltl. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:864-876. [PMID: 34964213 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac regeneration in the adult mouse is not substantial. Some vertebrates, such as newts and zebrafish, regenerate the heart throughout their lives. To understand how regenerative abilities differ among animal species, comparative research has been conducted in animals like mouse, zebrafish, and newt. For those purposes, cryo-injury is suitable as an experimental model for the pathological condition of human myocardial infarction. In fact, cryo-injury procedures are common in mouse and zebrafish. RESULTS In the present study, we induced cryo-damage on the ventricle in Iberian ribbed newts using a liquid nitrogen-chilled probe. We observed that the injured area recovered within 8 weeks, with remodeling of scar tissue and proliferation of cardiomyocytes. We investigated the subsequent recovery of cryo-injured and amputated tissues by comparative analysis of the gene expression profiles following these two procedures. CONCLUSION Notably, we established a cryo-injury procedure for the newt and confirmed that regeneration of the cryo-damaged myocardial tissue is achieved by changes in gene expression that are milder than those observed in the amputation model. Our results suggest that the cryo-injury method is suitable for comparing the process of cardiac regeneration in the newt with that in other animal models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uemasu
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ikuta
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Igawa
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Kyakuno
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yui Iwata
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tazawa
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hajime Ogino
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Satoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Namba
- Division of Pediatrics and Perinatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hayashi
- Amphibian Research Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alam P, Maliken BD, Jones SM, Ivey MJ, Wu Z, Wang Y, Kanisicak O. Cardiac Remodeling and Repair: Recent Approaches, Advancements, and Future Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313104. [PMID: 34884909 PMCID: PMC8658114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited ability of mammalian adult cardiomyocytes to proliferate following an injury to the heart, such as myocardial infarction, is a major factor that results in adverse fibrotic and myocardial remodeling that ultimately leads to heart failure. The continued high degree of heart failure-associated morbidity and lethality requires the special attention of researchers worldwide to develop efficient therapeutics for cardiac repair. Recently, various strategies and approaches have been developed and tested to extrinsically induce regeneration and restoration of the myocardium after cardiac injury have yielded encouraging results. Nevertheless, these interventions still lack adequate success to be used for clinical interventions. This review highlights and discusses both cell-based and cell-free therapeutic approaches as well as current advancements, major limitations, and future perspectives towards developing an efficient therapeutic method for cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Perwez Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bryan D. Maliken
- Harrington Physician-Scientist Pathway, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Malina J. Ivey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (P.A.); (S.M.J.); (M.J.I.); (Z.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-558-2029; Fax: +1-513-584-3892
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Heart regeneration is a remarkable process whereby regrowth of damaged cardiac tissue rehabilitates organ anatomy and function. Unfortunately, the human heart is highly resistant to regeneration, which creates a shortage of cardiomyocytes in the wake of ischemic injury, and explains, in part, why coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Luckily, a detailed blueprint for achieving therapeutic heart regeneration already exists in nature because several lower vertebrate species successfully regenerate amputated or damaged heart muscle through robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. A growing number of species are being interrogated for cardiac regenerative potential, and several commonalities have emerged between those animals showing high or low innate capabilities. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the field, discuss how regenerative potential is influenced by cardiomyocyte properties, mitogenic signals, and chromatin accessibility, and highlight unanswered questions under active investigation. Ultimately, delineating why heart regeneration occurs preferentially in some organisms, but not in others, will uncover novel therapeutic inroads for achieving cardiac restoration in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Yin
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lahiri SK, Hulsurkar MM, Wehrens XH. Cellular regeneration as a potential strategy to treat cardiac conduction disorders. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e152185. [PMID: 34596049 PMCID: PMC8483745 DOI: 10.1172/jci152185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of atrioventricular conduction system (AVCS) cells due to either inherited or acquired deficits leads to conduction diseases, which can deteriorate into fatal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. In this issue of the JCI, Wang et al. constructed a mouse model of atrioventricular block (AVB) by inducing AVCS cell-specific injury using the Cx30.2 enhancer to drive expression of diphtheria toxin fragment A. AVCS cell ablation in adult mice led to irreversible AVB. jkjkIn contrast, AVCS cell injury in neonatal mice was followed by spontaneous recovery in a subset of mice, revealing a limited postnatal time window during which the regeneration of AVCS cells can occur as a result of cellular plasticity. This exciting study paves the way for future research into biological or cellular treatment approaches for cardiac conduction diseases by exploiting the regenerative potential of AVCS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), and
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Chen J, Cowan DB, Wang DZ. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac regeneration: Mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:150-162. [PMID: 34284952 PMCID: PMC8434979 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, thousands of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been discovered, annotated, and characterized in nearly every tissue under both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we will focus on the role of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ischemic heart disease (IHD), which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in humans-resulting in 8.9 million deaths annually. Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation, differentiation, and survival in addition to neovascularization of injured tissues and the prevention of fibrosis are commonly regarded as critically important for the recovery of the heart following myocardial infarction (MI). An abundance of evidence has been accumulated to show ncRNAs participate in cardiac recovery after MI. Because miRNAs are important regulators of cardiac regeneration, the therapeutic potential of at least five of these molecules has been assessed in large animal models of human IHD. In particular, miRNA-based interventions based on miR-132 and miR-92a inhibition in related diseases have displayed favorable outcomes that have provided the impetus for miRNA-based clinical trials for IHD. At the same time, the functional roles of lncRNAs and circRNAs in cardiac regeneration are also being explored. In the present review, we will summarize the latest ncRNA studies aimed at reversing damage to the ischemic heart and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs to stimulate cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Provincial Key Lab of Cardiovascular Research, Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou Y, Fang Y, Dai C, Wang Y. PiRNA pathway in the cardiovascular system: a novel regulator of cardiac differentiation, repair and regeneration. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1681-1690. [PMID: 34533602 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel group of small non-coding RNA molecules with lengths of 21-35 nucleotides, first identified from the germline. PiRNAs and their associated PIWI clade Argonaute proteins constitute a key part of the piRNA pathway, with the best-known biological function to silence transposable elements in germ cells. The piRNA pathway, in fact, is not exclusive to the germline. Somatic functions of piRNAs have been recorded since their first discovery. To date, involvement of the piRNA pathway has been identified within the biological functions of genome rearrangement, epigenetic regulation, protein regulation in the germline and/or the soma transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally. Emerging evidence has shown that the piRNA pathway is essential for the normal function of the cardiovascular system and that its abnormal expression is correlated with cardiovascular dysfunction, although comprehensive roles of the piRNA pathway in the cardiovascular system and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we discuss current findings of piRNA pathway expression in cardiac cell types and their potential functions in cardiac differentiation, repair and regeneration, thus providing new insights into cardiovascular disease development associated with the piRNA pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- The School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ya Fang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment of Fujian Province University, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Cuilian Dai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chu X, Wang M, Qiu X, Huang Y, Li T, Otieno E, Li N, Luo L, Xiao X. Strategies for constructing pluripotent stem cell- and progenitor cell-derived three-dimensional cardiac micro-tissues. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:488-503. [PMID: 34397148 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac micro-tissue is a promising model for simulating the structural and functional features of heart in vitro. This scientific achievement provides a platform for exploration about the mechanisms on the development, damage, and regeneration of tissue, hence, paving a way toward development of novel therapies for heart diseases. However, 3D micro-tissue technology is still in its infant stages faced with many challenges such as incompleteness of the tissue microarchitecture, loss of the resident immune cells, poor reproducibility, and deficiencies in continuously feeding the nutrients and removing wastes during micro-tissue culturing. There is an urgent need to optimize the construction of 3D cardiac micro-tissue and improve functions of the involved cells. Therefore, scaffolds and cell resources for building 3D cardiac micro-tissues, strategies for inducing the maturation and functionalization of pluripotent stem cell- or cardiac progenitor cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and the major challenges were reviewed in this writing to enable future fabrication of 3D cardiac micro-tissues or organoids for drug screening, disease modeling, regeneration treatment, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animals Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Animal Husbandry Engineering, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Edward Otieno
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bektik E, Sun Y, Dennis AT, Sakon P, Yang D, Deschênes I, Fu JD. Inhibition of CREB-CBP Signaling Improves Fibroblast Plasticity for Direct Cardiac Reprogramming. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071572. [PMID: 34206684 PMCID: PMC8307124 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) is a promising approach but remains a challenge in heart regeneration. Efforts have focused on improving the efficiency by understanding fundamental mechanisms. One major challenge is that the plasticity of cultured fibroblast varies batch to batch with unknown mechanisms. Here, we noticed a portion of in vitro cultured fibroblasts have been activated to differentiate into myofibroblasts, marked by the expression of αSMA, even in primary cell cultures. Both forskolin, which increases cAMP levels, and TGFβ inhibitor SB431542 can efficiently suppress myofibroblast differentiation of cultured fibroblasts. However, SB431542 improved but forskolin blocked iCM reprogramming of fibroblasts that were infected with retroviruses of Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT). Moreover, inhibitors of cAMP downstream signaling pathways, PKA or CREB-CBP, significantly improved the efficiency of reprogramming. Consistently, inhibition of p38/MAPK, another upstream regulator of CREB-CBP, also improved reprogramming efficiency. We then investigated if inhibition of these signaling pathways in primary cultured fibroblasts could improve their plasticity for reprogramming and found that preconditioning of cultured fibroblasts with CREB-CBP inhibitor significantly improved the cellular plasticity of fibroblasts to be reprogrammed, yielding ~2-fold more iCMs than untreated control cells. In conclusion, suppression of CREB-CBP signaling improves fibroblast plasticity for direct cardiac reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Bektik
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.); (D.Y.); (I.D.)
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yu Sun
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (Y.S.); (A.T.D.)
| | - Adrienne T. Dennis
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (Y.S.); (A.T.D.)
| | - Phraew Sakon
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.); (D.Y.); (I.D.)
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.); (D.Y.); (I.D.)
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (Y.S.); (A.T.D.)
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Department of Physiology, Cell Biology College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 333 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (E.B.); (D.Y.); (I.D.)
- Heart and Vascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (Y.S.); (A.T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(614)-685-0657
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qi Y, Dasa O, Maden M, Vohra R, Batra A, Walter G, Yarrow JF, Aranda JM, Raizada MK, Pepine CJ. Functional heart recovery in an adult mammal, the spiny mouse. Int J Cardiol 2021; 338:196-203. [PMID: 34126132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease and the resulting heart failure continue to carry high morbidity and mortality, and a breakthrough in our understanding of this disorder is needed. The adult spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) has evolved the remarkable capacity to regenerate full-thickness skin tissue, including microvasculature and cartilage, without fibrosis or scarring. We hypothesized that lack of scarring and resulting functional regeneration also applies to the adult Acomys heart. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared responses of the Acomys heart to CD1 outbred Mus heart following acute left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction. Both Acomys and Mus hearts showed decreased ejection fraction (EF) after ligation. However, Acomys hearts showed significant EF recovery to pre-ligation values over four weeks. Histological analysis showed comparable infarct area 24-h after ligation with a similar collateral flow in both species' hearts, but subsequently, Acomys displayed reduced infarct size, regenerated microvasculature, and increased cell proliferative activity in the infarcted area. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that adult Acomys displays remarkable cardiac recovery properties after acute coronary artery occlusion and may be a useful model to understand functional recovery better. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Adult Acomys provides a novel mammalian model to further investigate the cardioprotective and regenerative signaling mechanisms in adult mammals. This opens the door to breakthrough treatment strategies for the injured myocardium and help millions of patients with heart failure secondary to tissue injury with irreversible damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Qi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Osama Dasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Maden
- UF Genetics Institute and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ravneet Vohra
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhinandan Batra
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Glenn Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Juan M Aranda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nguyen-Truong M, Hematti P, Wang Z. Current status of myocardial restoration via the paracrine function of mesenchymal stromal cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H112-H127. [PMID: 34085844 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied for nearly two decades as a therapy for myocardial restoration. An emerging direction to repair myocardium is through their paracrine function, which includes the utilization of MSC-derived conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles. In this review, we go over the unique characteristics of MSCs that make it suitable for "off the shelf," cell-free regenerative therapy, current MSC-derived cell-free approaches including their advantages and disadvantages, and the known mechanisms of action of the paracrine effect of MSCs. With a summary of the clinical trials and preclinical studies of MSC-derived cell-free therapy, we classify the aforementioned mechanisms into angiogenesis, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, antiapoptosis, and antioxidation. Particularly, we discuss on ways researchers have worked toward enhancing these desired properties to improve the therapeutic outcomes and the investigation of mechanobiology involved in MSC paracrine function. Lastly, we bring up the remaining challenges in this arising field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding and control over the potential of MSC paracrine function for myocardial restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang X, Lupton C, Lauth A, Wan TC, Foster P, Patterson M, Auchampach JA, Lough JW. Evidence that the acetyltransferase Tip60 induces the DNA damage response and cell-cycle arrest in neonatal cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 155:88-98. [PMID: 33609538 PMCID: PMC8154663 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tip60, a pan-acetyltransferase encoded by the Kat5 gene, is enriched in the myocardium; however, its function in the heart is unknown. In cancer cells, Tip60 acetylates Atm (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated), enabling its auto-phosphorylation (pAtm), which activates the DNA damage response (DDR). It was recently reported that activation of pAtm at the time of birth induces the DDR in cardiomyocytes (CMs), resulting in proliferative senescence. We therefore hypothesized that Tip60 initiates this process, and that depletion of Tip60 accordingly diminishes the DDR while extending the duration of CM cell-cycle activation. To test this hypothesis, an experimental model was used wherein a Myh6-driven Cre-recombinase transgene was activated on postnatal day 0 (P0) to recombine floxed Kat5 alleles and induce Tip60 depletion in neonatal CMs, without causing pathogenesis. Depletion of Tip60 resulted in reduced numbers of pAtm-positive CMs during the neonatal period, which correlated with reduced numbers of pH2A.X-positive CMs and decreased expression of genes encoding markers of the DDR as well as inflammation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitors Meis1 and p27, activation of the cell-cycle in CMs, reduced CM size, and increased numbers of mononuclear/diploid CMs. Increased expression of fetal markers suggested that Tip60 depletion promotes a fetal-like proliferative state. Finally, infarction of Tip60-depleted hearts at P7 revealed improved cardiac function at P39 accompanied by reduced fibrosis, increased CM cell-cycle activation, and reduced apoptosis in the remote zone. These findings indicate that, among its pleiotropic functions, Tip60 induces the DDR in CMs, contributing to proliferative senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Carri Lupton
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Amelia Lauth
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Parker Foster
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - Michaela Patterson
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
| | - John W Lough
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy and the Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ma X, Xu L, Li Y, Bu B. Immunotherapy reversed myopathy but not cardiomyopathy in a necrotizing autoimmune myopathy patient with positive anti-SRP and MDA-5 autoantibodies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:88. [PMID: 33579193 PMCID: PMC7881479 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is pathologically characterized by myofiber necrosis and regeneration with paucity or absence of inflammatory cells in muscle biopsy. Two autoantibodies, namely anti-signal recognition particle (SRP)-antibodies and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)-antibodies, are typically specific with NAM. Anti-SRP-positive NAM can be associated with cardiomyopathy which responds well to immunotherapy. Here we reported an anti-SRP-antibody and anti-MDA5-antibody NAM patient who developed severe cardiomyopathy after gaining significant improvement of myopathy and subsequently accepted heart transplantation. Case presentation A NAM case with both positive anti-SRP and MDA-5 antibodies who gained significant improvement of the skeletal muscle weakness with immunotherapy, but 3 years later he developed severe dilated cardiomyopathy and at last received heart transplantation. Myocardial biopsy showed disarranged and atrophic myofibers, remarkable interstitial fibrosis without inflammatory infiltrates. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased polyubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 protein expression and the positive staining of cleaved-caspase 3 in a few cardiomyocytes. After the transplantation, the patient was symptom-free on oral prednisone (10 mg/day) and tacrolimus (2 mg/day). Conclusions We described the first case of anti-SRP and anti-MAD5 positive NAM who had received heart transplantation because of cardiopathy. Though the myopathy had been clinically improved after immunotherapy, the cardiomyopathy remained progressive and lethal. The processes of dysfunctional autophagy and augmented apoptosis were putatively pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac damage in anti-SRP and anti-MAD5 positive NAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ma
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Bitao Bu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Campos de Carvalho AC, Kasai-Brunswick TH, Bastos Carvalho A. Cell-Based Therapies for Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:641116. [PMID: 33912054 PMCID: PMC8072383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.641116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure has reached epidemic proportions with the advances in cardiovascular therapies for ischemic heart diseases and the progressive aging of the world population. Efficient pharmacological therapies are available for treating heart failure, but unfortunately, even with optimized therapy, prognosis is often poor. Their last therapeutic option is, therefore, a heart transplantation with limited organ supply and complications related to immunosuppression. In this setting, cell therapies have emerged as an alternative. Many clinical trials have now been performed using different cell types and injection routes. In this perspective, we will analyze the results of such trials and discuss future perspectives for cell therapies as an efficacious treatment of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho,
| | - Tais H. Kasai-Brunswick
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bastos Carvalho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bo B, Zhou Y, Zheng Q, Wang G, Zhou K, Wei J. The Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Aerobic Exercise-Induced Cardiac Regeneration. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010019. [PMID: 33375497 PMCID: PMC7823705 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The leading cause of heart failure is cardiomyopathy and damage to the cardiomyocytes. Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have the ability to regenerate, but this cannot wholly compensate for myocardial cell loss after myocardial injury. Studies have shown that exercise has a regulatory role in the activation and promotion of regeneration of healthy and injured adult cardiomyocytes. However, current research on the effects of aerobic exercise in myocardial regeneration is not comprehensive. This review discusses the relationships between aerobic exercise and the regeneration of cardiomyocytes with respect to complex molecular and cellular mechanisms, paracrine factors, transcriptional factors, signaling pathways, and microRNAs that induce cardiac regeneration. The topics discussed herein provide a knowledge base for physical activity-induced cardiomyocyte regeneration, in which exercise enhances overall heart function and improves the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bo
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; (B.B.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; (B.B.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Qingyun Zheng
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; (B.B.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
| | - Guandong Wang
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; (B.B.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ke Zhou
- School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China; (B.B.); (Y.Z.); (Q.Z.); (G.W.); (K.Z.)
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13938625812
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mester-Tonczar J, Hašimbegović E, Spannbauer A, Traxler D, Kastner N, Zlabinger K, Einzinger P, Pavo N, Goliasch G, Gyöngyösi M. Circular RNAs in Cardiac Regeneration: Cardiac Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, Survival, and Reprogramming. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580465. [PMID: 33117197 PMCID: PMC7550749 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are classified as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are characterized by a covalent closed-loop structure. This closed-loop shape is the result of a backsplicing event in which the 3' and 5' splice sites are ligated. Through the lack of 3' poly(A) tails and 5' cap structures, circRNAs are more stable than linear RNAs because these adjustments make the circular loop less susceptible to exonucleases. The majority of identified circRNAs possess cell- and tissue-specific expression patterns. In addition, high-throughput RNA-sequencing combined with novel bioinformatics algorithms revealed that circRNA sequences are often conserved across different species suggesting a positive evolutionary pressure. Implicated as regulators of protein turnover, micro RNA (miRNA) sponges, or broad effectors in cell differentiation, proliferation, and senescence, research of circRNA has increased in recent years. Particularly in cardiovascular research, circRNA-related discoveries have opened the door for the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Increasing evidence links deviating circRNA expression patterns to various cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart failure. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on circRNAs in cardiac regeneration with a focus on cardiac cell proliferation, differentiation, cardiomyocyte survival, and cardiac reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mester-Tonczar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ena Hašimbegović
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spannbauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Kastner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Einzinger
- Research Unit of Information and Software Engineering, Institute of Information Systems Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Duddu S, Chakrabarti R, Ghosh A, Shukla PC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcription Factors in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Genet 2020; 11:588602. [PMID: 33193725 PMCID: PMC7596349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lan C, Cao N, Chen C, Qu S, Fan C, Luo H, Zeng A, Yu C, Xue Y, Ren H, Li L, Wang H, Jose PA, Xu Z, Zeng C. Progesterone, via yes-associated protein, promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac repair. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12910. [PMID: 33047378 PMCID: PMC7653240 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The mechanisms responsible for the postnatal loss of mammalian cardiac regenerative capacity are not fully elucidated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of progesterone in cardiac regeneration and explore underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods Effect of progesterone on cardiomyocyte proliferation was analysed by immunofluorescent staining. RNA sequencing was performed to screen key target genes of progesterone, and yes‐associated protein (YAP) was knocked down to demonstrate its role in pro‐proliferative effect of progesterone. Effect of progesterone on activity of YAP promoter was measured by luciferase assay and interaction between progesterone receptor and YAP promoter by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Adult mice were subjected to myocardial infarction, and then, effects of progesterone on adult cardiac regeneration were analysed. Results Progesterone supplementation enhanced cardiomyocyte proliferation in a progesterone receptor‐dependent manner. Progesterone up‐regulated YAP expression and knockdown of YAP by small interfering RNA reduced progesterone‐mediated cardiomyocyte proliferative effect. Progesterone receptor interacted with the YAP promoter, determined by ChIP and EMSA; progesterone increased luciferase activity of YAP promoter and up‐regulated YAP target genes. Progesterone administration also promoted adult cardiomyocyte proliferation and improved cardiac function in myocardial infarction. Conclusion Our data uncover a role of circulating progesterone withdrawal as a novel mechanism for the postnatal loss of mammalian cardiac regenerative potential. Progesterone promotes both neonatal and adult cardiomyocyte proliferation by up‐regulating YAP expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Andi Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanzheng Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Chongqing College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tu C, Mezynski R, Wu JC. Improving the engraftment and integration of cell transplantation for cardiac regeneration. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:473-475. [PMID: 31504255 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Tu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Racheal Mezynski
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27605, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sakaguchi K, Takahashi H, Tobe Y, Sasaki D, Matsuura K, Iwasaki K, Shimizu T, Umezu M. Measuring the Contractile Force of Multilayered Human Cardiac Cell Sheets. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 26:485-492. [PMID: 32799760 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2020.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cardiac tissue reconstruction using tissue engineering technology is a rapidly growing area of regenerative medicine and drug screening development. However, there remains an urgent need for the development of a method capable of accurately measuring the contractile force of physiologically relevant 3D myocardial tissues to facilitate the prediction of human heart tissue drug sensitivity. To this end, our laboratory has developed a novel drug screening model that measures the contractile force of cardiac cell sheets prepared using temperature-responsive culture dishes. To circumvent the difficulties that commonly arise during the stacking of cardiomyocyte sheets, we established a stacking method using centrifugal force, making it possible to measure 3D myocardial tissue. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes were seeded in a temperature-responsive culture dish and processed into a sheet. The cardiac cell sheets were multilayered to construct 3D cardiac tissue. Measurement of the contractile force and cross-sectional area of the multilayered 3D cardiac tissue were then obtained and used to determine the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the cardiac tissue and its contractile force. The contractile force of the 1-, 3-, and 5-layer tissues increased linearly in proportion to the cross-sectional area. A result of 6.4 mN/mm2, accounting for one-seventh of the contractile force found in adult tissue, was obtained. However, with 7-layer tissues, there was a sudden drop in the contractile force, possibly because of limited oxygen and nutrient supply. In conclusion, we established a method wherein the thickness of the cell sheets was controlled through layering, thus enabling accurate evaluation of the cardiac contractile function. This method may enable comparisons with living heart tissue while providing information applicable to regenerative medicine and drug screening models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Sakaguchi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tobe
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Matsuura
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Iwasaki
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, TWIns, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umezu
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, School of Creative Science and Engineering, TWIns, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Daley MC, Bonzanni M, MacKenzie AM, Kaplan DL, Black LD. The effects of membrane potential and extracellular matrix composition on vascular differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:240-245. [PMID: 32828293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the field of tissue engineering has been adept at modulating the chemical and physical microenvironment. This approach has yielded significant progress, but it is imperative to further integrate our understanding of other fundamental cell signaling paradigms into tissue engineering methods. Bioelectric signaling has been demonstrated to be a vital part of tissue development, regeneration, and function across organ systems and the extracellular matrix is known to alter the bioelectric properties of cells. Thus, there is a need to bolster our understanding of how matrix and bioelectric signals interact to drive cell phenotype. We examine how cardiac progenitor cell differentiation is altered by simultaneous changes in both resting membrane potential and extracellular matrix composition. Pediatric c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells were differentiated on fetal or adult cardiac extracellular matrix while being treated with drugs that alter resting membrane potential. Smooth muscle gene expression was increased with depolarization and decreased with hyperpolarization while endothelial and cardiac expression were unchanged. Early smooth muscle protein expression is modified by matrix developmental age, with fetal ECM appearing to amplify the effects of resting membrane potential. Thus, combining matrix composition and bioelectric signaling represents a potential alternative for guiding cell behavior in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Daley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Mattia Bonzanni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Allison M MacKenzie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lauren D Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao L, Yi M, Xing M, Li H, Zhou Y, Xu Q, Zhang Z, Wen Z, Chang J. In situ activated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by bioactive hydrogels for myocardial infarction treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7713-7722. [PMID: 32724972 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01320j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell therapy has been proved as a promising strategy for myocardial infarction (MI) treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy is mainly limited by the cellular activity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, a novel bioglass (BG)/γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA)/chitosan (CS) hydrogel was obtained by in situ adding BG to stimulate the imine bond formation. And the effect of the composite hydrogel on MI therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in a rat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in vivo and the possible mechanism of the BG/γ-PGA/CS hydrogel for the stimulation of the intercellular interaction between MSCs and cardiomyocytes (CMs) was explored by a MSC and CM co-culture experiment in vitro. The implantation of the MSC loaded BG/γ-PGA/CS composite hydrogel in the mice AMI model showed a significant improvement in the therapeutic efficacy with improved cardiac function, attenuation of heart remodeling, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and accelerated vascularization. The in vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the BG/γ-PGA/CS hydrogel activated the intercellular interaction between MSCs and CMs, which resulted in reduced cell apoptosis and enhanced angiogenesis. Silicate based bioactive hydrogels activated MSCs and cell-cell interactions in cardiac tissue after AMI and significantly enhanced the efficacy, which suggests that this bioactive hydrogel based approach is an effective way to enhance stem-cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Gao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
El-Nachef D, Shi K, Beussman KM, Martinez R, Regier MC, Everett GW, Murry CE, Stevens KR, Young JE, Sniadecki NJ, Davis J. A Rainbow Reporter Tracks Single Cells and Reveals Heterogeneous Cellular Dynamics among Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Derivatives. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:226-241. [PMID: 32619493 PMCID: PMC7363961 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomic approaches have found molecular heterogeneities within populations of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). A tool that tracks single-cell lineages and their phenotypes longitudinally would reveal whether heterogeneity extends beyond molecular identity. Hence, we generated a stable Cre-inducible rainbow reporter human PSC line that provides up to 18 unique membrane-targeted fluorescent barcodes. These barcodes enable repeated assessments of single cells as they clonally expand, change morphology, and migrate. Owing to the cellular resolution of this reporter, we identified subsets of PSCs with enhanced clonal expansion, synchronized cell divisions, and persistent localization to colony edges. Reporter expression was stably maintained throughout directed differentiation into cardiac myocytes, cortical neurons, and hepatoblasts. Repeated examination of neural differentiation revealed self-assembled cortical tissues derive from clonally dominant progenitors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the broad utility and easy implementation of this reporter line for tracking single-cell behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny El-Nachef
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin M Beussman
- The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Refugio Martinez
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary C Regier
- The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Guy W Everett
- The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly R Stevens
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; The Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
circRNA Hipk3 Induces Cardiac Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction in Mice by Binding to Notch1 and miR-133a. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:636-655. [PMID: 32736292 PMCID: PMC7393325 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synergism between cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis is essential for cardiac regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in cell growth and angiogenesis, but their functions in cardiac regeneration are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of circRNA Hipk3 (circHipk3) in both cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis during cardiac regeneration. We found that circHipk3 was overexpressed in the fetal or neonatal heart of mice. The transcription factor Gata4 bound to the circHipk3 promoter and increased circHipk3 expression. Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation in vitro and in vivo was inhibited by circHipk3 knockdown and increased by circHipk3 overexpression. Moreover, circHipk3 overexpression promoted coronary vessel endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacity and subsequent angiogenesis. More importantly, circHipk3 overexpression attenuated cardiac dysfunction and decreased fibrotic area after myocardial infarction (MI). Mechanistically, circHipk3 promoted CM proliferation by increasing Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) acetylation, thereby increasing N1ICD stability and preventing its degradation. In addition, circHipk3 acted as a sponge for microRNA (miR)-133a to promote connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which activated endothelial cells. Our findings suggested that circHipk3 might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing heart failure post-MI.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cianflone E, Torella M, Biamonte F, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Costanzo FS, Rota M, Ellison-Hughes GM, Torella D. Targeting Cardiac Stem Cell Senescence to Treat Cardiac Aging and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1558. [PMID: 32604861 PMCID: PMC7349658 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem/progenitor are a small population of cells that reside in tissue-specific niches and possess the potential to differentiate in all cell types of the organ in which they operate. Adult stem cells are implicated with the homeostasis, regeneration, and aging of all tissues. Tissue-specific adult stem cell senescence has emerged as an attractive theory for the decline in mammalian tissue and organ function during aging. Cardiac aging, in particular, manifests as functional tissue degeneration that leads to heart failure. Adult cardiac stem/progenitor cell (CSC) senescence has been accordingly associated with physiological and pathological processes encompassing both non-age and age-related decline in cardiac tissue repair and organ dysfunction and disease. Senescence is a highly active and dynamic cell process with a first classical hallmark represented by its replicative limit, which is the establishment of a stable growth arrest over time that is mainly secondary to DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation elicited by different intrinsic stimuli (like metabolism), as well as external stimuli and age. Replicative senescence is mainly executed by telomere shortening, the activation of the p53/p16INK4/Rb molecular pathways, and chromatin remodeling. In addition, senescent cells produce and secrete a complex mixture of molecules, commonly known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), that regulate most of their non-cell-autonomous effects. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating different characteristics of the senescence phenotype and their consequences for adult CSCs in particular. Because senescent cells contribute to the outcome of a variety of cardiac diseases, including age-related and unrelated cardiac diseases like diabetic cardiomyopathy and anthracycline cardiotoxicity, therapies that target senescent cell clearance are actively being explored. Moreover, the further understanding of the reversibility of the senescence phenotype will help to develop novel rational therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cianflone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN dei Colli/Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and Interdepartmental Centre of Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.B.); (F.S.C.)
| | - Marcello Rota
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Georgina M. Ellison-Hughes
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences and Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, Guys Campus-Great Maze Pond rd, London SE1 1UL, UK;
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mancuso T, Barone A, Salatino A, Molinaro C, Marino F, Scalise M, Torella M, De Angelis A, Urbanek K, Torella D, Cianflone E. Unravelling the Biology of Adult Cardiac Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes to Foster Endogenous Cardiac Regeneration and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3725. [PMID: 32466282 PMCID: PMC7279257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remuscularization has been the stated goal of the field of regenerative cardiology since its inception. Along with the refreshment of lost and dysfunctional cardiac muscle cells, the field of cell therapy has expanded in scope encompassing also the potential of the injected cells as cardioprotective and cardio-reparative agents for cardiovascular diseases. The latter has been the result of the findings that cell therapies so far tested in clinical trials exert their beneficial effects through paracrine mechanisms acting on the endogenous myocardial reparative/regenerative potential. The endogenous regenerative potential of the adult heart is still highly debated. While it has been widely accepted that adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) are renewed throughout life either in response to wear and tear and after injury, the rate and origin of this phenomenon are yet to be clarified. The adult heart harbors resident cardiac/stem progenitor cells (CSCs/CPCs), whose discovery and characterization were initially sufficient to explain CM renewal in response to physiological and pathological stresses, when also considering that adult CMs are terminally differentiated cells. The role of CSCs in CM formation in the adult heart has been however questioned by some recent genetic fate map studies, which have been proved to have serious limitations. Nevertheless, uncontested evidence shows that clonal CSCs are effective transplantable regenerative agents either for their direct myogenic differentiation and for their paracrine effects in the allogeneic setting. In particular, the paracrine potential of CSCs has been the focus of the recent investigation, whereby CSC-derived exosomes appear to harbor relevant regenerative and reparative signals underlying the beneficial effects of CSC transplantation. This review focuses on recent advances in our knowledge about the biological role of exosomes in heart tissue homeostasis and repair with the idea to use them as tools for new therapeutic biotechnologies for "cell-less" effective cardiac regeneration approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mancuso
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Antonella Barone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Alessandro Salatino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Claudia Molinaro
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Fabiola Marino
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AORN dei Colli/Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania “L.Vanvitelli”, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (T.M.); (A.B.); (A.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.S.); (K.U.)
| | - Eleonora Cianflone
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Soluble Alpha-Klotho Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis without Altering Cardiomyocytes Renewal. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062186. [PMID: 32235720 PMCID: PMC7139467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The major cause of heart failure is the death of the myocardium caused by myocardial infarction, detrimental cardiac remodeling, and cardiac fibrosis occurring after the injury. This study aimed at discovering the role of the anti-aging protein α-klotho (KL), which is the co-receptor of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), in cardiac regeneration, fibrosis, and repair. We found that the anti-apoptotic function of soluble KL in isoproterenol-treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes was independent of FGF23 in vitro. In vivo, isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell apoptosis were reduced by KL treatment. Moreover, the number of Ki67-positive endothelial cells and microvessel density within the isoproterenol-injured myocardium were increased upon KL treatment. However, by using genetic fate-mapping models, no evident cardiomyocyte proliferation within the injured myocardium was detected with or without KL treatment. Collectively, the cardioprotective functions of KL could be predominantly attributed to its anti-apoptotic and pro-survival activities on endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. KL could be a potential cardioprotective therapeutic agent with anti-apoptotic and pro-survival activities on cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Yellamilli A, Ren Y, McElmurry RT, Lambert JP, Gross P, Mohsin S, Houser SR, Elrod JW, Tolar J, Garry DJ, van Berlo JH. Abcg2-expressing side population cells contribute to cardiomyocyte renewal through fusion. FASEB J 2020; 34:5642-5657. [PMID: 32100368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart has a limited regenerative capacity. Therefore, identification of endogenous cells and mechanisms that contribute to cardiac regeneration is essential for the development of targeted therapies. The side population (SP) phenotype has been used to enrich for stem cells throughout the body; however, SP cells isolated from the heart have been studied exclusively in cell culture or after transplantation, limiting our understanding of their function in vivo. We generated a new Abcg2-driven lineage-tracing mouse model with efficient labeling of SP cells. Labeled SP cells give rise to terminally differentiated cells in bone marrow and intestines. In the heart, labeled SP cells give rise to lineage-traced cardiomyocytes under homeostatic conditions with an increase in this contribution following cardiac injury. Instead of differentiating into cardiomyocytes like proposed cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac SP cells fuse with preexisting cardiomyocytes to stimulate cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry. Our study is the first to show that fusion between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, identified by the SP phenotype, contribute to endogenous cardiac regeneration by triggering cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry in the adult mammalian heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Yellamilli
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ron T McElmurry
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Spotlight on epigenetic reprogramming in cardiac regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 97:26-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
46
|
Zlatanova I, Pinto C, Bonnin P, Mathieu JRR, Bakker W, Vilar J, Lemitre M, Voehringer D, Vaulont S, Peyssonnaux C, Silvestre JS. Iron Regulator Hepcidin Impairs Macrophage-Dependent Cardiac Repair After Injury. Circulation 2019; 139:1530-1547. [PMID: 30586758 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defective systemic and local iron metabolism correlates with cardiac disorders. Hepcidin, a master iron sensor, actively tunes iron trafficking. We hypothesized that hepcidin could play a key role to locally regulate cardiac homeostasis after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS Cardiac repair was analyzed in mice harboring specific cardiomyocyte or myeloid cell deficiency of hepcidin and challenged with acute myocardial infarction. RESULTS We found that the expression of hepcidin was elevated after acute myocardial infarction and the specific deletion of hepcidin in cardiomyocytes failed to improve cardiac repair and function. However, transplantation of bone marrow-derived cells from hepcidin-deficient mice ( Hamp-/-) or from mice with specific deletion of hepcidin in myeloid cells (LysMCRE/+/ Hampf/f) improved cardiac function. This effect was associated with a robust reduction in the infarct size and tissue fibrosis in addition to favoring cardiomyocyte renewal. Macrophages lacking hepcidin promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation in a prototypic model of apical resection-induced cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice. Interleukin (IL)-6 increased hepcidin levels in inflammatory macrophages. Hepcidin deficiency enhanced the number of CD45+/CD11b+/F4/80+/CD64+/MHCIILow/chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2)+ inflammatory macrophages and fostered signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, an instrumental step in the release of IL-4 and IL-13. The combined genetic suppression of hepcidin and IL-4/IL-13 in macrophages failed to improve cardiac function in both adult and neonatal injured hearts. CONCLUSIONS Hepcidin refrains macrophage-induced cardiac repair and regeneration through modulation of IL-4/IL-13 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Zlatanova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| | - Cristina Pinto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 965, Départment de physiologie Clinique, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, France (P.B.)
| | - Jacques R R Mathieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (J.R.R.M., S.V., C.P.)
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| | - Jose Vilar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| | - Mathilde Lemitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| | - David Voehringer
- University Hospital Erlangen, Wasserturmstrasse 3/5, Germany (D.V.)
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (J.R.R.M., S.V., C.P.)
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (J.R.R.M., S.V., C.P.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Silvestre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMRS-970, Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France (I.Z., C.P., W.B., J.V., M.L., J.-S-.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Patel P, Karch J. Regulation of cell death in the cardiovascular system. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 353:153-209. [PMID: 32381175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adult heart is a post-mitotic terminally differentiated organ; therefore, beyond development, cardiomyocyte cell death is maladaptive. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world and aberrant cardiomyocyte cell death is the underlying problem for most cardiovascular-related diseases and fatalities. In this chapter, we will discuss the different cell death mechanisms that engage during normal cardiac development, aging, and disease states. The most abundant loss of cardiomyocytes occurs during a myocardial infarction, when the blood supply to the heart is obstructed, and the affected myocardium succumbs to cell death. Originally, this form of cell death was considered to be unregulated; however, research from the last half a century clearly demonstrates that this form of cell death is multifaceted and employees various degrees of regulation. We will explore all of the cell death pathways that have been implicated in this disease state and the potential interplay between them. Beyond myocardial infarction, we also explore the role and mechanisms of cardiomyocyte cell death in heart failure, myocarditis, and chemotherapeutic-induced cardiotoxicity. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte cell death has extensive therapeutic potential that will increase the longevity and health of the human heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Phenotypic Screen with the Human Secretome Identifies FGF16 as Inducing Proliferation of iPSC-Derived Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236037. [PMID: 31801200 PMCID: PMC6928864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine factors can induce cardiac regeneration and repair post myocardial infarction by stimulating proliferation of cardiac cells and inducing the anti-fibrotic, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects of angiogenesis. Here, we screened a human secretome library, consisting of 923 growth factors, cytokines, and proteins with unknown function, in a phenotypic screen with human cardiac progenitor cells. The primary readout in the screen was proliferation measured by nuclear count. From this screen, we identified FGF1, FGF4, FGF9, FGF16, FGF18, and seven additional proteins that induce proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells. FGF9 and FGF16 belong to the same FGF subfamily, share high sequence identity, and are described to have similar receptor preferences. Interestingly, FGF16 was shown to be specific for proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells, whereas FGF9 also proliferated human cardiac fibroblasts. Biosensor analysis of receptor preferences and quantification of receptor abundances suggested that FGF16 and FGF9 bind to different FGF receptors on the cardiac progenitor cells and cardiac fibroblasts. FGF16 also proliferated naïve cardiac progenitor cells isolated from mouse heart and human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent cells. Taken together, the data suggest that FGF16 could be a suitable paracrine factor to induce cardiac regeneration and repair.
Collapse
|
49
|
Barreto S, Hamel L, Schiatti T, Yang Y, George V. Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Stem Cells: Learning from Genetics and Biomaterials. Cells 2019; 8:E1536. [PMID: 31795206 PMCID: PMC6952950 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs) show great potential as a cell resource for restoring cardiac function in patients affected by heart disease or heart failure. CPCs are proliferative and committed to cardiac fate, capable of generating cells of all the cardiac lineages. These cells offer a significant shift in paradigm over the use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes owing to the latter's inability to recapitulate mature features of a native myocardium, limiting their translational applications. The iPSCs and direct reprogramming of somatic cells have been attempted to produce CPCs and, in this process, a variety of chemical and/or genetic factors have been evaluated for their ability to generate, expand, and maintain CPCs in vitro. However, the precise stoichiometry and spatiotemporal activity of these factors and the genetic interplay during embryonic CPC development remain challenging to reproduce in culture, in terms of efficiency, numbers, and translational potential. Recent advances in biomaterials to mimic the native cardiac microenvironment have shown promise to influence CPC regenerative functions, while being capable of integrating with host tissue. This review highlights recent developments and limitations in the generation and use of CPCs from stem cells, and the trends that influence the direction of research to promote better application of CPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barreto
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | | | - Teresa Schiatti
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Vinoj George
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy & Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK; (S.B.); (T.S.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
André E, De Pauw A, Verdoy R, Brusa D, Bouzin C, Timmermans A, Bertrand L, Balligand JL. Changes of Metabolic Phenotype of Cardiac Progenitor Cells During Differentiation: Neutral Effect of Stimulation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1498-1513. [PMID: 31530214 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) in the adult mammalian heart, as well as exogenous CPCs injected at the border zone of infarcted tissue, display very low differentiation rate into cardiac myocytes and marginal repair capacity in the injured heart. Emerging evidence supports an obligatory metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during stem cells differentiation, suggesting that pharmacological modulation of metabolism may improve CPC differentiation and, potentially, healing properties. In this study, we investigated the metabolic transition underlying CPC differentiation toward cardiac myocytes. In addition, we tested whether activators of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in other cell types would also improve CPC differentiation. Stem cell antigen 1 (Sca1+) CPCs were isolated from adult mouse hearts and their phenotype compared with more mature neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs). Under normoxia, glucose consumption and lactate release were significantly higher in CPCs than in NRCMs. Both parameters were increased in hypoxia together with increased abundance of Glut1 (glucose transporter), of the monocarboxylic transporter Mct4 (lactate efflux mediator) and of Pfkfb3 (key regulator of glycolytic rate). CPC proliferation was critically dependent on glucose and glutamine availability in the media. Oxygen consumption analysis indicates that, compared with NRCMs, CPCs exhibited lower basal and maximal respirations with lower Tomm20 protein expression and mitochondrial DNA content. This CPC metabolic phenotype profoundly changed upon in vitro differentiation, with a decrease of glucose consumption and lactate release together with increased abundance of Tnnt2, Pgc-1α, Tomm20, and mitochondrial DNA content. Proliferative CPCs express both alpha1 and -2 catalytic subunits of AMPK that is activated by A769662. However, A769662 or resveratrol (an activator of Pgc-1α and AMPK) did not promote either mitochondrial biogenesis or CPC maturation during their differentiation. We conclude that although CPC differentiation is accompanied with an increase of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, this is not potentiated by activation of AMPK in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie André
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélia De Pauw
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- I2P Imaging Platform, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Timmermans
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) and Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|