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Collinson RJ, Wilson L, Boey D, Ng ZY, Mirzai B, Chuah HS, Howman R, Grove CS, Malherbe JAJ, Leahy MF, Linden MD, Fuller KA, Erber WN, Guo BB. Transcription factor 3 is dysregulated in megakaryocytes in myelofibrosis. Platelets 2024; 35:2304173. [PMID: 38303515 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2304173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) is a DNA transcription factor that modulates megakaryocyte development. Although abnormal TCF3 expression has been identified in a range of hematological malignancies, to date, it has not been investigated in myelofibrosis (MF). MF is a Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that can arise de novo or progress from essential thrombocythemia [ET] and polycythemia vera [PV] and where dysfunctional megakaryocytes have a role in driving the fibrotic progression. We aimed to examine whether TCF3 is dysregulated in megakaryocytes in MPN, and specifically in MF. We first assessed TCF3 protein expression in megakaryocytes using an immunohistochemical approach analyses and showed that TCF3 was reduced in MF compared with ET and PV. Further, the TCF3-negative megakaryocytes were primarily located near trabecular bone and had the typical "MF-like" morphology as described by the WHO. Genomic analysis of isolated megakaryocytes showed three mutations, all predicted to result in a loss of function, in patients with MF; none were seen in megakaryocytes isolated from ET or PV marrow samples. We then progressed to transcriptomic sequencing of platelets which showed loss of TCF3 in MF. These proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic analyses appear to indicate that TCF3 is downregulated in megakaryocytes in MF. This infers aberrations in megakaryopoiesis occur in this progressive phase of MPN. Further exploration of this pathway could provide insights into TCF3 and the evolution of fibrosis and potentially lead to new preventative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Collinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lynne Wilson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Darren Boey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Zi Yun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Hun S Chuah
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Rockingham General Hospital, Rockingham, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Australia
| | - Carolyn S Grove
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Australia
| | | | - Michael F Leahy
- Department of Haematology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew D Linden
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Belinda B Guo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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2
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Gao L, Wang H, Fang F, Liu J, Zhao C, Niu J, Wang Z, Zhong Y, Wang X. The roles of orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 and A2 in fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112705. [PMID: 39029235 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is not a disease but rather an outcome of the pathological tissue repair response. Many myofibroblasts are activated which lead to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and fibronectin with fibrosis. A variety of organs, including kidney, liver, lung, heart and skin, can undergo fibrosis under the stimulation of exogenous or endogenous pathogenic factors. The orphan nuclear receptor 4 group A1 (NR4A1) and nuclear receptor 4 group A2(NR4A2)are belong to the nuclear receptor subfamily and inhibit the occurrence and development of fibrosis. NR4A1 is an inhibitory factor of TGF-β signaling transduction. Overexpression of NR4A1 in fibroblasts can reduce TGF-β induced collagen deposition and fibrosis related gene expression. Here, we summarize the current research progress on the NR4A1/2 and fibrosis, providing reference for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jiazhi Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Jieqi Niu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
| | - Xiangting Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns Research, Shijiazhuang 050091, China.
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3
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Zhu S, Xu K, Li S, Yu X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zeng L, Xu K, Fu C. Assessment of intestinal status in MPL W515L mutant myeloproliferative neoplasms mice model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111091. [PMID: 37883814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The MPLW515L mutation is a prevalent genetic mutation in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and utilizing this mutation in mice model can provide important insights into the disease. However, the relationship between intestinal homeostasis and MPN mice model remains elusive. In this study, we utilized a retroviral vector to transfect hematopoietic stem cells with the MPLW515L mutation, creating mutated MPN mice model to investigate their intestinal status. Our results revealed that the MPLW515L in MPN mice model aggravated inflammation in the intestines, decreased the levels of tight junction proteins and receptors for bacteria metabolites. Additionally, there was increased activation of the caspase1/IL-1β signaling pathway and a significant reduction in phos-p38 levels in the intestinal tissue in MPN mice. The MPLW515L mutation also led to up-expression of anti-microbial genes in the intestinal tract. Though the mutation had no impact on the alpha diversity and dominant bacterial taxa, it did influence the rare bacterial taxa/sub-communities and consequently impacted intestinal homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate the significance of MPLW515L mice model for studying MPN disease and highlight the mutation's influence on intestinal homeostasis, including inflammation, activation of the IL-1β signaling pathway, and the composition of gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Zhu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kairen Xu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangru Yu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qigang Zhang
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunling Fu
- Institute of Blood Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Hematology, Affliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cells, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Fu C, Hu X, Wang S, Yu X, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Qi K, Li Z, Xu K. Inhibition of PAK1 generates an ameliorative effect on MPLW515L mouse model of myeloproliferative neoplasms by regulating the differentiation and survival of megakaryocytes. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:59-69.e2. [PMID: 37741606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Most thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) mutations result in abnormal megakaryocyte expansion in the spleen or bone marrow (BM), leading to progressive fibrosis. It has been reported that p21 (Rac Family Small GTPase 1 [RAC1])-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) participates in the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryoblasts. PAK1 phosphorylation increased in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and murine MPN cells with the Mplw515l mutant gene in this study; however, the function of overactivated PAK1 in MPN cells remains unclear. We found that inhibition of PAK1 caused significant changes in the biological behaviors of MPLW515L mutant cells in vitro, including arrested growth or reduced clonality and increased polyploid DNA and cell apoptosis due to upregulated cleaved caspase 3. In vivo, PAK1 inhibitor treatment caused a slow elevation of leukocytosis and hematocrit (HCT) and a reduction in hepatosplenomegaly in 6133/MPLW515L-transplanted mice, along with reduced tumor cell infiltration and prolonged survival. Further, deletion of PAK1 sustained a relatively normal HCT and platelet count at the beginning of the disease but did not completely alleviate the splenomegaly of MPLW515L mutant mice. Notably, PAK1 knockout attenuated the destruction of splenic structure, and reduced the megakaryocyte burden within the BM. These results suggest that inhibition of PAK1 may be a useful method for treating MPLW515L mutant MPN by intervening megakaryocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Fu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiangru Yu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qigang Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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5
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De Chiara L, Semeraro R, Mazzinghi B, Landini S, Molli A, Antonelli G, Angelotti ML, Melica ME, Maggi L, Conte C, Peired AJ, Cirillo L, Raglianti V, Magi A, Annunziato F, Romagnani P, Lazzeri E. Polyploid tubular cells initiate a TGF-β1 controlled loop that sustains polyploidization and fibrosis after acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C849-C861. [PMID: 37642236 PMCID: PMC10635654 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00081.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization of tubular cells (TC) is triggered by acute kidney injury (AKI) to allow survival in the early phase after AKI, but in the long run promotes fibrosis and AKI-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition. The molecular mechanism governing the link between polyploid TC and kidney fibrosis remains to be clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that immediately after AKI, expression of cell cycle markers mostly identifies a population of DNA-damaged polyploid TC. Using transgenic mouse models and single-cell RNA sequencing we show that, unlike diploid TC, polyploid TC accumulate DNA damage and survive, eventually resting in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In vivo and in vitro single-cell RNA sequencing along with sorting of polyploid TC shows that these cells acquire a profibrotic phenotype culminating in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 expression and that TGF-β1 directly promotes polyploidization. This demonstrates that TC polyploidization is a self-sustained mechanism. Interactome analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that TGF-β1 signaling fosters a reciprocal activation loop among polyploid TC, macrophages, and fibroblasts to sustain kidney fibrosis and promote CKD progression. Collectively, this study contributes to the ongoing revision of the paradigm of kidney tubule response to AKI, supporting the existence of a tubulointerstitial cross talk mediated by TGF-β1 signaling produced by polyploid TC following DNA damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polyploidization in tubular epithelial cells has been neglected until recently. Here, we showed that polyploidization is a self-sustained mechanism that plays an important role during chronic kidney disease development, proving the existence of a cross talk between infiltrating cells and polyploid tubular cells. This study contributes to the ongoing revision of kidney adaptation to injury, posing polyploid tubular cells at the center of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia De Chiara
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Semeraro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzinghi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuela Landini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Molli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Antonelli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Angelotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Melica
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carolina Conte
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Julie Peired
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Cirillo
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Raglianti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto Magi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Center and Immunotherapy (CDCI), Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Lazzeri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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6
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Bräunig S, Karmhag I, Li H, Enoksson J, Hultquist A, Scheding S. Three-dimensional spatial mapping of the human hematopoietic microenvironment in healthy and diseased bone marrow. Cytometry A 2023; 103:763-776. [PMID: 37421296 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment (HME) plays a pivotal role in regulating normal and diseased hematopoiesis. However, the spatial organization of the human HME has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Therefore, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) immunofluorescence model to analyze changes in the cellular architecture in control and diseased bone marrows (BMs). BM biopsies from patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) were stained sequentially for CD31, CD34, CD45, and CD271 with repetitive bleaching steps to realize five color images with DAPI as a nuclear stain. Hematopoietically normal age-matched BM biopsies served as controls. Twelve subsequent slides per sample were stacked to create three-dimensional bone marrow reconstructions with the imaging program Arivis Visions 4D. Iso-surfaces for niche cells and structures were created and exported as mesh objects for spatial distribution analysis in the 3D creation suite Blender. We recapitulated the bone marrow architecture using this approach and produced comprehensive 3D models of endosteal and perivascular BM niches. MPN bone marrows displayed apparent differences compared to the controls, especially concerning CD271 staining density, megakaryocyte (MK) morphology, and distribution. Furthermore, measurements of the spatial relationships of MKs and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with vessels and bone structures in their corresponding niche environments revealed the most pronounced differences in the vascular nice in polycythemia vera. Taken together, using a repetitive staining and bleaching approach allowed us to establish a 5-color analysis of human BM biopsies, which is difficult to achieve with conventional staining approaches. Based on this, we generated 3D BM models which recapitulated key pathological features and, importantly, allowed us to define the spatial relationships between different bone marrow cell types. We, therefore, believe that our method can provide new and valuable insights into bone marrow cellular interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Bräunig
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Karmhag
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hongzhe Li
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Enoksson
- Department of Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne Hultquist
- Department of Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Scheding
- Division of Molecular Hematology and Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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7
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Vainchenker W, Yahmi N, Havelange V, Marty C, Plo I, Constantinescu SN. Recent advances in therapies for primary myelofibrosis. Fac Rev 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 37771602 PMCID: PMC10523375 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF), polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) form the classical BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that are driven by a constitutive activation of JAK2 signaling. PMF as well as secondary MF (post-ET and post-PV MF) are the most aggressive MPNs. Presently, there is no curative treatment, except allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. JAK inhibitors, essentially ruxolitinib, are the therapy of reference for intermediate and high-risk MF. However, presently the current JAK inhibitors behave mainly as anti-inflammatory drugs, improving general symptoms and spleen size without major impact on disease progression. A better understanding of the genetics of MF, the biology of its leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the mechanisms of fibrosis and of cytopenia and the role of inflammatory cytokines has led to new approaches with the development of numerous therapeutic agents that target epigenetic regulation, telomerase, apoptosis, cell cycle, cytokines and signaling. Furthermore, the use of a new less toxic form of interferon-α has been revived, as it is presently one of the only molecules that targets the mutated clone. These new approaches have different aims: (a) to provide alternative therapy to JAK inhibition; (b) to correct cytopenia; and (c) to inhibit fibrosis development. However, the main important goal is to find new disease modifier treatments, which will profoundly modify the progression of the disease without major toxicity. Presently the most promising approaches consist of the inhibition of telomerase and the combination of JAK2 inhibitors (ruxolitinib) with either a BCL2/BCL-xL or BET inhibitor. Yet, the most straightforward future approaches can be considered to be the development of and/or selective inhibition of JAK2V617F and the targeting MPL and calreticulin mutants by immunotherapy. It can be expected that the therapy of MF will be significantly improved in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vainchenker
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Nasrine Yahmi
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Violaine Havelange
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Department of Hematology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UMR1287, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, UMR1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, WELBIO Department, Wavre, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Gobbo F, Zingariello M, Verachi P, Falchi M, Arciprete F, Martelli F, Peli A, Mazzarini M, Vierstra J, Mead-Harvey C, Dueck AC, Sarli G, Nava S, Sgalla G, Richeldi L, Migliaccio AR. GATA1-defective immune-megakaryocytes as possible drivers of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.20.542249. [PMID: 37425686 PMCID: PMC10327123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.542249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disorder with limited therapeutic options. Insufficient understanding of driver mutations and poor fidelity of currently available animal models has limited the development of effective therapies. Since GATA1 deficient megakaryocytes sustain myelofibrosis, we hypothesized that they may also induce fibrosis in lungs. We discovered that lungs from IPF patients and Gata1low mice contain numerous GATA1negative immune-poised megakaryocytes that, in mice, have defective RNA-seq profiling and increased TGF-β1, CXCL1 and P-selectin content. With age, Gata1low mice develop fibrosis in lungs. Development of lung fibrosis in this model is prevented by P-selectin deletion and rescued by P-selectin, TGF-β1 or CXCL1 inhibition. Mechanistically, P-selectin inhibition decreases TGF-β1 and CXCL1 content and increases GATA1positive megakaryocytes while TGF-β1 or CXCL1 inhibition decreased CXCL1 only. In conclusion, Gata1low mice are a novel genetic-driven model for IPF and provide a link between abnormal immune-megakaryocytes and lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini Campus, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Jeff Vierstra
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Carolyn Mead-Harvey
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Amylou C. Dueck
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia (Bologna) 40064, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Giacomo Sgalla
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma 00168, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome 00128, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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9
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Wang F, Zhang H, He B, Liu Z, Wu X, Liu Y, Xu X, Gou X, Wang H, Yang Q. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin-dependent aurora kinase A degradation in a MPLW515L mouse model of primary myelofibrosis. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:474-486. [PMID: 36422297 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is characterized by immature megakaryocytic hyperplasia, splenomegaly, extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis. Our preclinical study had demonstrated that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibitor MLN8237 reduced the mutation burden of PMF by inducing differentiation of immature megakaryocytes. However, it only slightly alleviated splenomegaly, reduced tissue fibrosis, and normalized megakaryocytes in PMF patients of the preliminary clinical study. So enhancing therapeutic efficacy of PMF is needed. In this study, we found that AURKA directly interacted with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and HSP90 inhibitors promoted the ubiquitin-dependent AURKA degradation. We demonstrated that HSP90 inhibitors 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), normalized peripheral blood counts, improved splenomegaly, attenuated extramedullary hematopoiesis, decreased tissue fibrosis and reduced mutant burden in a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF. Importantly, both 17-AAG and 17-DMAG treatment at effective doses in vivo did not influence on hematopoiesis in healthy mice. Collectively, the study demonstrates that HSP90 inhibitors induce cell differentiation via the ubiquitin-dependent AURKA and also are safe and effective for the treatment of a MPLW515L mouse model of PMF, which may provide a new strategy for PMF therapy. Further, we demonstrate that combined therapy shows superior activity in acute megakaryocytic leukemia mouse model than single therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Binghong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankai Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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10
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Willekens C, Laplane L, Dagher T, Benlabiod C, Papadopoulos N, Lacout C, Rameau P, Catelain C, Alfaro A, Edmond V, Signolle N, Marchand V, Droin N, Hoogenboezem R, Schneider RK, Penson A, Abdel-Wahab O, Giraudier S, Pasquier F, Marty C, Plo I, Villeval JL, Constantinescu SN, Porteu F, Vainchenker W, Solary E. SRSF2-P95H decreases JAK/STAT signaling in hematopoietic cells and delays myelofibrosis development in mice. Leukemia 2023:10.1038/s41375-023-01878-0. [PMID: 37100881 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutation targeting proline 95 in Serine/Arginine-rich Splicing Factor 2 (SRSF2) is associated with V617F mutation in Janus Activated Kinase 2 (JAK2) in some myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), most commonly primary myelofibrosis. To explore the interaction of Srsf2P95H with Jak2V617F, we generated Cre-inducible knock-in mice expressing these mutants under control of the stem cell leukemia (Scl) gene promoter. In transplantation experiments, Srsf2P95H unexpectedly delayed myelofibrosis induced by Jak2V617F and decreased TGFβ1 serum level. Srsf2P95H reduced the competitiveness of transplanted Jak2V617F hematopoietic stem cells while preventing their exhaustion. RNA sequencing of sorted megakaryocytes identified an increased number of splicing events when the two mutations were combined. Focusing on JAK/STAT pathway, Jak2 exon 14 skipping was promoted by Srsf2P95H, an event detected in patients with JAK2V617F and SRSF2P95 co-mutation. The skipping event generates a truncated inactive JAK2 protein. Accordingly, Srsf2P95H delays myelofibrosis induced by the thrombopoietin receptor agonist Romiplostim in Jak2 wild-type animals. These results unveil JAK2 exon 14 skipping promotion as a strategy to reduce JAK/STAT signaling in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Willekens
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucie Laplane
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut d'Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Tracy Dagher
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Camelia Benlabiod
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Institut d'Histoire et Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques, Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Valérie Edmond
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Valentine Marchand
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nathalie Droin
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Remco Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alex Penson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Luc Villeval
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stefan N Constantinescu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Université catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Françoise Porteu
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM U1287, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- Département d'hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
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11
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He B, Wang C, Wang F, Tian L, Wang H, Fu C, Liu J, Xi C, Zhu C, Yang Q. Differentiation therapy for murine myelofibrosis model with MLN8237 loaded low-density lipoproteins. J Control Release 2023; 356:554-566. [PMID: 36924895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a severe myeloproliferative neoplasm that is characterized by low-differentiation megakaryoblasts and progressive bone marrow fibrosis. Although an Aurora kinase A (AURKA) targeting small-molecule inhibitor MLN8237 has been approved in clinical trials for differentiation therapy of high-risk PMF patients, its off-target side effects lead to a partial remission and serious complications. Here, we report a dual-targeting therapy agent (rLDL-MLN) with great clinical translation potential for differentiation therapy of PMF disease. In particular, the reconstituted low-density lipoprotein (rLDL) nanocarrier and the loaded MLN8237 can actively target malignant hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) via LDL receptors and intracellular AURKA, respectively. In contrast to free MLN8237, rLDL-MLN effectively prohibits the proliferation of PMF cell lines and abnormal HSPCs and significantly induces their differentiation, as well as prevents the formation of erythrocyte and megakaryocyte colonies from abnormal HSPCs. Surprisingly, even at a 1500-fold lower dosage (0.01 mg/kg) than that of free MLN8237, rLDL-MLN still exhibits a much more effective therapeutic effect, with the PMF mice almost clear of blast cells. More importantly, rLDL-MLN promotes hematological recovery without any toxic side effects at the effective dosage, holding great promise in the targeted differentiation therapy of PMF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Blood Disease Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qiong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875, China.
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12
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Barosi G, Rosti V, Gale RP. Myelofibrosis-type megakaryocyte dysplasia (MTMD) as a distinct category of BCR::ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. Challenges and perspectives. Leukemia 2023; 37:725-727. [PMID: 36871061 PMCID: PMC10079530 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss criteria for defining a new disease entity or variant of a recognized disease or disorder. We do so in the context of the current topography of the BCR::ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) where two new variants are reported: clonal megakaryocyte dysplasia with normal blood values (CMD-NBV) and clonal megakaryocyte dysplasia with isolated thrombocytosis (CMD-IT). The cardinal feature of these variants is bone marrow megakaryocyte hyperplasia and atypia corresponding the WHO histological criteria for primary myelofibrosis (myelofibrosis-type megakaryocyte dysplasia-MTMD). Persons with these new variants have a different disease course and features from others in the MPN domain. In a broader context we suggest myelofibrosis-type megakaryocyte dysplasia defines a spectrum of related MPN variants including CMD-NBV, CMD-IT, pre-fibrotic myelofibrosis and overt myelofibrosis, which differ from polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Our proposal needs external validation and we stress the need for a consensus definition of the megakaryocyte dysplasia which is the hallmark of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Rosti
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, General Medicine 2, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Centre for Haematology Research, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
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13
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Lecomte S, Devreux J, de Streel G, van Baren N, Havelange V, Schröder D, Vaherto N, Vanhaver C, Vanderaa C, Dupuis N, Pecquet C, Coulie PG, Constantinescu SN, Lucas S. Therapeutic activity of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in murine primary myelofibrosis. Blood 2023; 141:490-502. [PMID: 36322928 PMCID: PMC10651781 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal expansion of myeloid cells, notably megakaryocytes (MKs), and an aberrant cytokine production leading to bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and insufficiency. Current treatment options are limited. TGF-β1, a profibrotic and immunosuppressive cytokine, is involved in PMF pathogenesis. While all cell types secrete inactive, latent TGF-β1, only a few activate the cytokine via cell type-specific mechanisms. The cellular source of the active TGF-β1 implicated in PMF is not known. Transmembrane protein GARP binds and activates latent TGF-β1 on the surface of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) and MKs or platelets. Here, we found an increased expression of GARP in the BM and spleen of mice with PMF and tested the therapeutic potential of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that blocks TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing cells. GARP:TGF-β1 blockade reduced not only fibrosis but also the clonal expansion of transformed cells. Using mice carrying a genetic deletion of Garp in either Tregs or MKs, we found that the therapeutic effects of GARP:TGF-β1 blockade in PMF imply targeting GARP on Tregs. These therapeutic effects, accompanied by increased IFN-γ signals in the spleen, were lost upon CD8 T-cell depletion. Our results suggest that the selective blockade of TGF-β1 activation by GARP-expressing Tregs increases a CD8 T-cell-mediated immune reaction that limits transformed cell expansion, providing a novel approach that could be tested to treat patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lecomte
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Devreux
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas van Baren
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violaine Havelange
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Schröder
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noora Vaherto
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Noémie Dupuis
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Pecquet
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre G. Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Stefan N. Constantinescu
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Lucas
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
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14
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O'Sullivan JM, Mead AJ, Psaila B. Single-cell methods in myeloproliferative neoplasms: old questions, new technologies. Blood 2023; 141:380-390. [PMID: 36322938 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a group of clonal stem cell-derived hematopoietic malignancies driven by aberrant Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT) signaling. Although these are genetically simple diseases, MPNs are phenotypically heterogeneous, reflecting underlying intratumoral heterogeneity driven by the interplay of genetic and nongenetic factors. Their evolution is determined by factors that enable certain cellular subsets to outcompete others. Therefore, techniques that resolve cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell level are ideally placed to provide new insights into MPN biology. With these insights comes the potential to uncover new approaches to predict the clinical course and treat these cancers, ultimately improving outcomes for patients. MPNs present a particularly tractable model of cancer evolution, because most patients present in an early disease phase and only a small proportion progress to aggressive disease. Therefore, it is not surprising that many groundbreaking technological advances in single-cell omics have been pioneered by their application in MPNs. In this review article, we explore how single-cell approaches have provided transformative insights into MPN disease biology, which are broadly applicable across human cancers, and discuss how these studies might be swiftly translated into clinical pathways and may eventually underpin precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mary O'Sullivan
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Mead
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Verachi P, Gobbo F, Martelli F, Falchi M, di Virgilio A, Sarli G, Wilke C, Bruederle A, Prahallad A, Arciprete F, Zingariello M, Migliaccio AR. Preclinical studies on the use of a P-selectin-blocking monoclonal antibody to halt progression of myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low mouse model. Exp Hematol 2023; 117:43-61. [PMID: 36191885 PMCID: PMC10450205 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) and spleen from patients with myelofibrosis (MF), as well as those from the Gata1low mouse model of the disease contain increased number of abnormal megakaryocytes. These cells express high levels of the adhesion receptor P-selectin on their surface, which triggers a pathologic neutrophil emperipolesis, leading to increased bioavailability of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the microenvironment and disease progression. With age, Gata1low mice develop a phenotype similar to that of patients with MF, which is the most severe of the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. We previously demonstrated that Gata1low mice lacking the P-selectin gene do not develop MF. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacologic inhibition of P-selectin may normalize the phenotype of Gata1low mice that have already developed MF. To test this hypothesis, we have investigated the phenotype expressed by aged Gata1low mice treated with the antimouse monoclonal antibody RB40.34, alone and also in combination with ruxolitinib. The results indicated that RB40.34 in combination with ruxolitinib normalizes the phenotype of Gata1low mice with limited toxicity by reducing fibrosis and the content of TGF-β and CXCL1 (two drivers of fibrosis in this model) in the BM and spleen and by restoring hematopoiesis in the BM and the architecture of the spleen. In conclusion, we provide preclinical evidence that treatment with an antibody against P-selectin in combination with ruxolitinib may be more effective than ruxolitinib alone to treat MF in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National Center for HIV/AIDS Research, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio di Virgilio
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-being, Istituto Superiore di Santà, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesca Arciprete
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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A circular RNA, circPTPN14, increases MYC transcription by interacting with FUBP1 and exacerbates renal fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:595. [PMID: 36394649 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a relentlessly progressive and irreversible cause of organ damage, as in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We found that a circular RNA, circPTPN14, is highly expressed in human kidneys with biopsy-proved chronic interstitial fibrosis, mouse kidneys subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and TGFβ1-stimulated renal tubule epithelial cells (TECs). The intrarenal injection of circPTPN14 shRNA alleviated the progression of fibrosis in kidneys subjected to IR or UUO. Knockdown of circPTPN14 in TECs inhibited TGFβ1-induced expression of profibrotic genes, whereas overexpressing circPTPN14 increased the profibrotic effect of TGFβ1. The profibrotic action of circPTPN14 was ascribed to an increase in MYC transcription. The binding of circPTPN14 to the KH3 and KH4 domains of far upstream element (FUSE) binding protein 1 (FUBP1) enhanced the interaction between FUBP1 and FUSE domain, which was required for the initiation of MYC transcription. In human kidneys (n = 30) with biopsy-proved chronic interstitial fibrosis, the expression of circPTPN14 positively correlated with MYC expression. Taken together these studies show a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, mediated by circPTPN14, which can be a target in the diagnosis and treatment of CKD.
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17
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Rai S, Grockowiak E, Hansen N, Luque Paz D, Stoll CB, Hao-Shen H, Mild-Schneider G, Dirnhofer S, Farady CJ, Méndez-Ferrer S, Skoda RC. Inhibition of interleukin-1β reduces myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis in mice with JAK2-V617F driven myeloproliferative neoplasm. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5346. [PMID: 36100613 PMCID: PMC9470591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32927-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a master regulator of inflammation. Increased activity of IL-1β has been implicated in various pathological conditions including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Here we show that IL-1β serum levels and expression of IL-1 receptors on hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells correlate with JAK2-V617F mutant allele fraction in peripheral blood of patients with MPN. We show that the source of IL-1β overproduction in a mouse model of MPN are JAK2-V617F expressing hematopoietic cells. Knockout of IL-1β in hematopoietic cells of JAK2-V617F mice reduces inflammatory cytokines, prevents damage to nestin-positive niche cells and reduces megakaryopoiesis, resulting in decrease of myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis. Inhibition of IL-1β in JAK2-V617F mutant mice by anti-IL-1β antibody also reduces myelofibrosis and osteosclerosis and shows additive effects with ruxolitinib. These results suggest that inhibition of IL-1β with anti-IL-1β antibody alone or in combination with ruxolitinib could have beneficial effects on the clinical course in patients with myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rai
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Grockowiak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Nils Hansen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Luque Paz
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cedric B Stoll
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Hao-Shen
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Mild-Schneider
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Radek C Skoda
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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A Novel Morphological Parameter Predicting Fibrotic Evolution in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: New Evidence and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147872. [PMID: 35887218 PMCID: PMC9322985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) represent a group of hematological disorders that are traditionally considered as indistinct slow progressing conditions; still, a subset of cases shows a rapid evolution towards myelofibrotic bone marrow failure. Specific abnormalities in the megakaryocyte lineage seem to play a central role in this evolution, especially in the bone marrow fibrosis but also in the induction of myeloproliferation. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge of prognostic factors of MPNs related to their evolution to myelofibrotic bone marrow failure. Moreover, we focused the role of the megakaryocytic lineage in the various stages of MPNs, with updated examples of MPNs in vitro and in vivo models and new therapeutic implications.
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Tomic B, Smoljo T, Lalic H, Dembitz V, Batinic J, Batinic D, Bedalov A, Visnjic D. Cytarabine-induced differentiation of AML cells depends on Chk1 activation and shares the mechanism with inhibitors of DHODH and pyrimidine synthesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11344. [PMID: 35790845 PMCID: PMC9256737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by arrested differentiation making differentiation therapy a promising treatment strategy. Recent success of inhibitors of mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) invigorated interest in differentiation therapy of AML so that several new drugs have been proposed, including inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme in pyrimidine synthesis. Cytarabine, a backbone of standard AML therapy, is known to induce differentiation at low doses, but the mechanism is not completely elucidated. We have previously reported that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) and brequinar, a DHODH inhibitor, induced differentiation of myeloid leukemia by activating the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) via pyrimidine depletion. In this study, using immunoblotting, flow cytometry analyses, pharmacologic inhibitors and genetic inactivation of Chk1 in myeloid leukemia cell lines, we show that low dose cytarabine induces differentiation by activating Chk1. In addition, cytarabine induces differentiation ex vivo in a subset of primary AML samples that are sensitive to AICAr and DHODH inhibitor. The results of our study suggest that leukemic cell differentiation stimulated by low doses of cytarabine depends on the activation of Chk1 and thus shares the same pathway as pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tomic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Smoljo
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Batinic
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Drago Batinic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department of Laboratory Immunology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Bedalov
- grid.270240.30000 0001 2180 1622Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Dora Visnjic
- grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Salata 3, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia ,grid.4808.40000 0001 0657 4636Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Shen P, Wang Y, Jia X, Xu P, Qin L, Feng X, Li Z, Qiu Z. Dual-target Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors: Comprehensive review on the JAK-based strategies for treating solid or hematological malignancies and immune-related diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114551. [PMID: 35749986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are the non-receptor tyrosine kinases covering JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 which regulate signal transductions of hematopoietic cytokines and growth factors to play essential roles in cell growth, survival, and development. Dysregulated JAK activity leading to a constitutively activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) is strongly associated with immune-related diseases and cancers. Targeting JAK to interfere the signaling of JAK/STAT pathway has achieved quite success in the treatment of these diseases. However, inadequate clinical response and serious adverse events come along by the treatment of monotherapy of JAK inhibitors. With better and deeper understanding of JAK/STAT pathway in the pathogenesis of diseases, researchers start to show huge interest in combining inhibition of JAK and other oncogenic targets to realize a broader regulation on pathological processes to block disease development and progression, which has hastened extensive research of dual JAK inhibitors over the past decades. Until now, studies of dual JAK inhibitors have added BTK, SYK, FLT3, HDAC, Src, and Aurora kinases to the overall inhibitory profile and demonstrated significant advantage and superiority over single-target inhibitors. In this review, we elucidated the possible mechanism of synergic effects caused by dual JAK inhibitors and briefly describe the development of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yezhi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Lian Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, PR China.
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 21009, PR China.
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21
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Huang DY, Wang GM, Ke ZR, Zhou Y, Yang HH, Ma TL, Guan CX. Megakaryocytes in pulmonary diseases. Life Sci 2022; 301:120602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Ruiz-Aparicio PF, Vernot JP. Bone Marrow Aging and the Leukaemia-Induced Senescence of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Exploring Similarities. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050716. [PMID: 35629139 PMCID: PMC9147878 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow aging is associated with multiple cellular dysfunctions, including perturbed haematopoiesis, the propensity to haematological transformation, and the maintenance of leukaemia. It has been shown that instructive signals from different leukemic cells are delivered to stromal cells to remodel the bone marrow into a supportive leukemic niche. In particular, cellular senescence, a physiological program with both beneficial and deleterious effects on the health of the organisms, may be responsible for the increased incidence of haematological malignancies in the elderly and for the survival of diverse leukemic cells. Here, we will review the connection between BM aging and cellular senescence and the role that these processes play in leukaemia progression. Specifically, we discuss the role of mesenchymal stem cells as a central component of the supportive niche. Due to the specificity of the genetic defects present in leukaemia, one would think that bone marrow alterations would also have particular changes, making it difficult to envisage a shared therapeutic use. We have tried to summarize the coincident features present in BM stromal cells during aging and senescence and in two different leukaemias, acute myeloid leukaemia, with high frequency in the elderly, and B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, mainly a childhood disease. We propose that mesenchymal stem cells are similarly affected in these different leukaemias, and that the changes that we observed in terms of cellular function, redox balance, genetics and epigenetics, soluble factor repertoire and stemness are equivalent to those occurring during BM aging and cellular senescence. These coincident features may be used to explore strategies useful to treat various haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fernanda Ruiz-Aparicio
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Jean-Paul Vernot
- Grupo de Investigación Fisiología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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23
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[Establishment of a platelet production model by bone marrow cavity transplantation of mouse primary megakaryocytes]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2022; 43:272-278. [PMID: 35680624 PMCID: PMC9189482 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish an intramedullary transplantation model of primary megakaryocytes to evaluate the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes and explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Methods: Donor megakaryocytes from GFP-transgenic mice bone marrow were enriched by magnetic beads. The platelet-producing model was established by intramedullary injection to recipient mice that underwent half-lethal dose irradiation 1 week in advance. Donor-derived megakaryocytes and platelets were detected by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results: The proportion of megakaryocytes in the enriched sample for transplantation was 40 to 50 times higher than that in conventional bone marrow. After intramedullary transplantation, donor-derived megakaryocytes successfully implanted in the medullary cavity of the recipient and produce platelets, which showed similar expression of surface markers and morphology to recipient-derived platelets. Conclusion: We successfully established an in vivo platelet-producing model of primary megakaryocytes using magnetic-bead enrichment and intramedullary injection, which objectively reflects the platelet-producing capacity of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow.
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24
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Verachi P, Gobbo F, Martelli F, Martinelli A, Sarli G, Dunbar A, Levine RL, Hoffman R, Massucci MT, Brandolini L, Giorgio C, Allegretti M, Migliaccio AR. The CXCR1/CXCR2 Inhibitor Reparixin Alters the Development of Myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:853484. [PMID: 35392239 PMCID: PMC8982152 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.853484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major role for human (h)CXCL8 (interleukin-8) in the pathobiology of myelofibrosis (MF) has been suggested by observations indicating that MF megakaryocytes express increased levels of hCXCL8 and that plasma levels of this cytokine in MF patients are predictive of poor patient outcomes. Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to high levels of TGF-β, the megakaryocytes from the bone marrow of the Gata1 low mouse model of myelofibrosis express high levels of murine (m)CXCL1, the murine equivalent of hCXCL8, and its receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. Treatment with the CXCR1/R2 inhibitor, Reparixin in aged-matched Gata1 low mice demonstrated reductions in bone marrow and splenic fibrosis. Of note, the levels of fibrosis detected using two independent methods (Gomori and reticulin staining) were inversely correlated with plasma levels of Reparixin. Immunostaining of marrow sections indicated that the bone marrow from the Reparixin-treated group expressed lower levels of TGF-β1 than those expressed by the bone marrow from vehicle-treated mice while the levels of mCXCL1, and expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2, were similar to that of vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, immunofluorescence analyses performed on bone marrow sections from Gata1 low mice indicated that treatment with Reparixin induced expression of GATA1 while reducing expression of collagen III in megakaryocytes. These data suggest that in Gata1low mice, Reparixin reduces fibrosis by reducing TGF-β1 and collagen III expression while increasing GATA1 in megakaryocytes. Our results provide a preclinical rationale for further evaluation of this drug alone and in combination with current JAK inhibitor therapy for the treatment of patients with myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Center for Animal Experimentation and Well-Being, Istituto Superiore di Santà, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrew Dunbar
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ross L. Levine
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine and Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ronald Hoffman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Center for Integrated Biomedical Research, Campus Bio-medico, Rome, Italy
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States
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Li Y, Gao H, Dong H, Wang W, Xu Z, Wang G, Liu Y, Wang H, Ju W, Qiao J, Xu K, Fu C, Zeng L. PEDF reduces malignant cells proliferation and inhibits the progression of myelofibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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26
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Genetic ablation of Pim1 or pharmacologic inhibition with TP-3654 ameliorates myelofibrosis in murine models. Leukemia 2022; 36:746-759. [PMID: 34741118 PMCID: PMC8891046 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is the deadliest form of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). The JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib can reduce constitutional symptoms but it does not substantially improve bone marrow fibrosis. Pim1 expression is significantly elevated in MPN/MF hematopoietic progenitors. Here, we show that genetic ablation of Pim1 blocked the development of myelofibrosis induced by Jak2V617F and MPLW515L. Pharmacologic inhibition of Pim1 with a second-generation Pim kinase inhibitor TP-3654 significantly reduced leukocytosis and splenomegaly, and attenuated bone marrow fibrosis in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L mouse models of MF. Combined treatment of TP-3654 and Ruxolitinib resulted in greater reduction of spleen size, normalization of blood leukocyte counts and abrogation of bone marrow fibrosis in murine models of MF. TP-3654 treatment also preferentially inhibited Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Mechanistically, we show that TP-3654 treatment significantly inhibits mTORC1, MYC and TGF-β signaling in Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic cells and diminishes the expression of fibrotic markers in the bone marrow. Collectively, our results suggest that Pim1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MF, and inhibition of Pim1 with TP-3654 might be useful for treatment of MF.
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27
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Tefferi A, Gangat N, Pardanani A, Crispino JD. Myelofibrosis: Genetic Characteristics and the Emerging Therapeutic Landscape. Cancer Res 2022; 82:749-763. [PMID: 34911786 PMCID: PMC9306313 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is one of three myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) that are morphologically and molecularly inter-related, the other two being polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). MPNs are characterized by JAK-STAT-activating JAK2, CALR, or MPL mutations that give rise to stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation, which is prone to leukemic and, in case of PV and ET, fibrotic transformation. Abnormal megakaryocyte proliferation is accompanied by bone marrow fibrosis and characterizes PMF, while the clinical phenotype is pathogenetically linked to ineffective hematopoiesis and aberrant cytokine expression. Among MPN-associated driver mutations, type 1-like CALR mutation has been associated with favorable prognosis in PMF, while ASXL1, SRSF2, U2AF1-Q157, EZH2, CBL, and K/NRAS mutations have been shown to be prognostically detrimental. Such information has enabled development of exclusively genetic (GIPSS) and clinically integrated (MIPSSv2) prognostic models that facilitate individualized treatment decisions. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only treatment modality in MF with the potential to prolong survival, whereas drug therapy, including JAK2 inhibitors, is directed mostly at the inflammatory component of the disease and is therefore palliative in nature. Similarly, disease-modifying activity remains elusive for currently available investigational drugs, while their additional value in symptom management awaits controlled confirmation. There is a need for genetic characterization of clinical observations followed by in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that will hopefully identify therapies that target the malignant clone in MF to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayalew Tefferi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Corresponding Author: Ayalew Tefferi, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: 507-284-2511; Fax: 507-266-4972; E-mail:
| | - Naseema Gangat
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Animesh Pardanani
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John D. Crispino
- Division of Experimental Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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28
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Bochicchio MT, Di Battista V, Poggio P, Carrà G, Morotti A, Brancaccio M, Lucchesi A. Understanding Aberrant Signaling to Elude Therapy Escape Mechanisms in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040972. [PMID: 35205715 PMCID: PMC8870427 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling in myeloproliferative neoplasms may arise from alterations in genes coding for signal transduction proteins or epigenetic regulators. Both mutated and normal cells cooperate, altering fragile balances in bone marrow niches and fueling persistent inflammation through paracrine or systemic signals. Despite the hopes placed in targeted therapies, myeloid proliferative neoplasms remain incurable diseases in patients not eligible for stem cell transplantation. Due to the emergence of drug resistance, patient management is often very difficult in the long term. Unexpected connections among signal transduction pathways highlighted in neoplastic cells suggest new strategies to overcome neoplastic cell adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bochicchio
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Valeria Di Battista
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Pietro Poggio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Mara Brancaccio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.B.); (A.L.)
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G6b-B regulates an essential step in megakaryocyte maturation. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3155-3161. [PMID: 35134123 PMCID: PMC9131916 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of G6b-B leads to an unexpected megakaryocyte development defect resulting in severe macrothrombocytopenia. G6b-B–deficient mice display reduced levels of MK-specific transcripts, surface receptors, GATA-1, and thrombopoietin signaling.
G6b-B is a megakaryocyte lineage-specific immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif–containing receptor, essential for platelet homeostasis. Mice with a genomic deletion of the entire Mpig6b locus develop severe macrothrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis, which is reflected in humans with null mutations in MPIG6B. The current model proposes that megakaryocytes lacking G6b-B develop normally, whereas proplatelet release is hampered, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. We report on a spontaneous recessive single nucleotide mutation in C57BL/6 mice, localized within the intronic region of the Mpig6b locus that abolishes G6b-B expression and reproduces macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis, and osteosclerosis. As the mutation is based on a single-nucleotide exchange, Mpig6bmut mice represent an ideal model to study the role of G6b-B. Megakaryocytes from these mice were smaller, displayed a less-developed demarcation membrane system, and had a reduced expression of receptors. RNA sequencing revealed a striking global reduction in the level of megakaryocyte-specific transcripts, in conjunction with decreased protein levels of the transcription factor GATA-1 and impaired thrombopoietin signaling. The reduced number of mature MKs in the bone marrow was corroborated on a newly developed Mpig6b-null mouse strain. Our findings highlight an unexpected essential role of G6b-B in the early differentiation within the megakaryocytic lineage.
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30
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Khatib-Massalha E, Méndez-Ferrer S. Megakaryocyte Diversity in Ontogeny, Functions and Cell-Cell Interactions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840044. [PMID: 35186768 PMCID: PMC8854253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on local interactions in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment with stromal cells and other hematopoietic cells that facilitate their survival and proliferation, and also regulate their functions. HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells differentiate into lineage-specific progenitors that generate all blood and immune cells. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are hematopoietic cells responsible for producing blood platelets, which are essential for normal hemostasis and blood coagulation. Although the most prominent function of Mks is platelet production (thrombopoiesis), other increasingly recognized functions include HSC maintenance and host immune response. However, whether and how these diverse programs are executed by different Mk subpopulations remains poorly understood. This Perspective summarizes our current understanding of diversity in ontogeny, functions and cell-cell interactions. Cumulative evidence suggests that BM microenvironment dysfunction, partly caused by mutated Mks, can induce or alter the progression of a variety of hematologic malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and other disorders associated with tissue scarring (fibrosis). Therefore, as an example of the heterogeneous functions of Mks in malignant hematopoiesis, we will discuss the role of Mks in the onset and progression of BM fibrosis. In this regard, abnormal interactions between of Mks and other immune cells might directly contribute to fibrotic diseases. Overall, further understanding of megakaryopoiesis and how Mks interact with HSCs and immune cells has potential clinical implications for stem cell transplantation and other therapies for hematologic malignancies, as well as for treatments to stimulate platelet production and prevent thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Khatib-Massalha
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Lee S, Lin C, Wei C, Chang K, Yuan C, Tsai C, Liu J, Hou H, Tang J, Chou W, Tien H. PD-L1 expression in megakaryocytes and its clinicopathological features in primary myelofibrosis patients. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:78-87. [PMID: 34480529 PMCID: PMC8682945 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and immune dysregulation, which provide a reasonable basis for immunotherapy in patients. Megakaryocytes are crucial in the pathogenesis of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the most clinically aggressive subtype of MPN. In this study, we aimed to explore PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) expression in megakaryocytes and its clinical implications in PMF. We analyzed PD-L1 expression on megakaryocytes in PMF patients by immunohistochemistry and correlated the results with clinicopathological features and molecular aberrations. We employed a two-tier grading system considering both the proportion of cells positively stained and the intensity of staining. Among the 85 PMF patients, 41 (48%) showed positive PD-L1 expression on megakaryocytes with the immune-reactive score ranging from 1 to 12. PD-L1 expression correlated closely with higher white blood cell count (p = 0.045), overt myelofibrosis (p = 0.010), JAK2V617F mutation (p = 0.011), and high-molecular risk mutations (p = 0.045), leading to less favorable overall survival in these patients (hazard ratio 0.341, 95% CI 0.135-0.863, p = 0.023). Our study provides unique insights into the interaction between immunologic and molecular phenotypes in PMF patients. Future work to explore the translational potential of PD-L1 in the clinical setting is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze‐Hwei Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Tai‐Chen Stem Cell Therapy CenterNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Chin Lin
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Hong Wei
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ko‐Ping Chang
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chang‐Tsu Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hong Tsai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Hao Liu
- Department of Hematology and OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐An Hou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jih‐Lu Tang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Hematology and OncologyNational Taiwan University Cancer CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Chien Chou
- Department of Laboratory MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hwei‐Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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Lu Z, Huang L, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Zhou Q, Sun Q, Lu Y, Chen J, Shen Y, Li J, Zhao B. Fine-Tuning of Cholesterol Homeostasis Controls Erythroid Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102669. [PMID: 34739188 PMCID: PMC8805577 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is essential for stemness maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells, however, the regulatory function of cholesterol metabolism in erythroid differentiation is poorly studied. In the present study, a critical role for cholesterol homeostasis in terminal erythropoiesis is uncovered. The master transcriptional factor GATA1 binds to Sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) to downregulate cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to a gradual reduction in intracellular cholesterol levels. It is further shown that reduced cholesterol functions to block erythroid proliferation via the cholesterol/mTORC1/ribosome biogenesis axis, which coordinates cell cycle exit in the late stages of erythroid differentiation. The interaction of GATA1 and SREBP2 also provides a feedback loop for regulating globin expression through the transcriptional control of NFE2 by SREBP2. Importantly, it is shown that disrupting intracellular cholesterol hemostasis resulted in defect of terminal erythroid differentiation in vivo. These findings demonstrate that fine-tuning of cholesterol homeostasis emerges as a key mechanism for regulating erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Analysis and Measurement CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamenFujian361001China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandong250012China
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Migliaccio AR. A Novel Megakaryocyte Subpopulation Poised to Exert the Function of HSC Niche as Possible Driver of Myelofibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:3302. [PMID: 34943811 PMCID: PMC8699046 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Careful morphological investigations, coupled with experimental hematology studies in animal models and in in vitro human cultures, have identified that platelets are released in the circulation by mature megakaryocytes generated by hematopoietic stem cells by giving rise to lineage-restricted progenitor cells and then to morphologically recognizable megakaryocyte precursors, which undergo a process of terminal maturation. Advances in single cell profilings are revolutionizing the process of megakaryocytopoiesis as we have known it up to now. They identify that, in addition to megakaryocytes responsible for producing platelets, hematopoietic stem cells may generate megakaryocytes, which exert either immune functions in the lung or niche functions in organs that undergo tissue repair. Furthermore, it has been discovered that, in addition to hematopoietic stem cells, during ontogeny, and possibly in adult life, megakaryocytes may be generated by a subclass of specialized endothelial precursors. These concepts shed new light on the etiology of myelofibrosis, the most severe of the Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms, and possibly other disorders. This perspective will summarize these novel concepts in thrombopoiesis and discuss how they provide a framework to reconciliate some of the puzzling data published so far on the etiology of myelofibrosis and their implications for the therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; or amigliaccio.altius.org
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
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Thomas S, Krishnan A. Platelet Heterogeneity in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2661-2670. [PMID: 34615371 PMCID: PMC8551046 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of malignant disorders of the bone marrow where a dysregulated balance between proliferation and differentiation gives rise to abnormal numbers of mature blood cells. MPNs encompass a spectrum of disease entities with progressively more severe clinical features, including complications with thrombosis and hemostasis and an increased propensity for transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. There is an unmet clinical need for markers of disease progression. Our understanding of the precise mechanisms that influence pathogenesis and disease progression has been limited by access to disease-specific cells as biosources. Here, we review the landscape of MPN pathology and present blood platelets as potential candidates for disease-specific understanding. We conclude with our recent work discovering progressive platelet heterogeneity by subtype in a large clinical cohort of patients with MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield and Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, United Kingdom (S.T.)
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (A.K.)
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Martelli F, Verachi P, Zingariello M, Mazzarini M, Vannucchi AM, Lonetti A, Bacci B, Sarli G, Migliaccio AR. hGATA1 Under the Control of a μLCR/β-Globin Promoter Rescues the Erythroid but Not the Megakaryocytic Phenotype Induced by the Gata1 low Mutation in Mice. Front Genet 2021; 12:720552. [PMID: 34707640 PMCID: PMC8542976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.720552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of mice carrying the Gata1low mutation that decreases expression of Gata1 in erythroid cells and megakaryocytes, includes anemia, thrombocytopenia, hematopoietic failure in bone marrow and development of extramedullary hematopoiesis in spleen. With age, these mice develop myelofibrosis, a disease sustained by alterations in stem/progenitor cells and megakaryocytes. This study analyzed the capacity of hGATA1 driven by a μLCR/β-globin promoter to rescue the phenotype induced by the Gata1low mutation in mice. Double hGATA1/Gata1low/0 mice were viable at birth with hematocrits greater than those of their Gata1low/0 littermates but platelet counts remained lower than normal. hGATA1 mRNA was expressed by progenitor and erythroid cells from double mutant mice but not by megakaryocytes analyzed in parallel. The erythroid cells from hGATA1/Gata1low/0 mice expressed greater levels of GATA1 protein and of α- and β-globin mRNA than cells from Gata1low/0 littermates and a reduced number of them was in apoptosis. By contrast, hGATA1/Gata1low/0 megakaryocytes expressed barely detectable levels of GATA1 and their expression of acetylcholinesterase, Von Willebrand factor and platelet factor 4 as well as their morphology remained altered. In comparison with Gata1+/0 littermates, Gata1low/0 mice contained significantly lower total and progenitor cell numbers in bone marrow while the number of these cells in spleen was greater than normal. The presence of hGATA1 greatly increased the total cell number in the bone marrow of Gata1low/0 mice and, although did not affect the total cell number of the spleen which remained greater than normal, it reduced the frequency of progenitor cells in this organ. The ability of hGATA1 to rescue the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow of the double mutants was confirmed by the observation that these mice survive well splenectomy and did not develop myelofibrosis with age. These results indicate that hGATA1 under the control of µLCR/β-globin promoter is expressed in adult progenitors and erythroid cells but not in megakaryocytes rescuing the erythroid but not the megakaryocyte defect induced by the Gata1low/0 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Zingariello
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Mazzarini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative neoplasms (CRIMM), AOU Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Lonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Migliaccio
- Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Research Consortium, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
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Wang C, Hu X, Wan Y, Wang S, Qi K, Li Y, Qiao J, Zeng L, Li Z, Fu C, Xu K. The Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Combining MK-2206 and AZD 6244 in MARIMO Cells Harboring a Calreticulin Gene Mutation. Chemotherapy 2021; 66:169-178. [PMID: 34666331 DOI: 10.1159/000518921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene occur in most myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients who lack Janus kinase 2 or thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) mutations, but the molecular pathogenesis of MPN with mutated CALR is unclear, which limited the further treatment for CALR gene mutant patients. OBJECTIVES Previous studies showed that CALR mutations not only activated serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) in primary mouse bone marrow cells but also mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in MARIMO cells harboring a heterozygous 61-bp deletion in CALR exon 9, which were responsible for mutant CALR cell survival, respectively. Hence, we aimed to initially explore the mechanism of AKT activation and observe the synergistic inhibitory effect of combining AKT (MK-2206) and MAPK kinase (AZD 6244) inhibitors in MARIMO cells. METHODS We detected the expression of phosphorylated AKT in MARIMO cells treated with inhibitors for 24 or 48 h by western blotting and analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis by flow cytometry. We further examined the synergistic inhibitory effect of combining MK-2206 and AZD 6244 in MARIMO cells using the median effect principle of Chou and Talalay. RESULTS We found that the AKT was activated in MARIMO cells, and blocking its activity significantly inhibited MARIMO cell growth with downregulation of cyclin D and E, and accelerated cell apoptosis by decreasing Bcl-2 but increasing Bax and cleaved caspase-3 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis showed that AKT activation was dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin but not on the JAK signaling pathway in MARIMO cells, displaying that inhibition of JAK activity by ruxolitinib (RUX) did not decrease the AKT phosphorylation. Furthermore, the combination of MK-2206 and AZD 6244 produced a significantly synergistic inhibitory effect on MARIMO cells. CONCLUSIONS AKT activation is a feature of MARIMO cells and co-targeting of AKT and MAPKs signaling pathways synergistically inhibits MARIMO cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Wang
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yan Wan
- The affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and the Second People's Hospital Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Shujin Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kunming Qi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Shen Z, Du W, Perkins C, Fechter L, Natu V, Maecker H, Rowley J, Gotlib J, Zehnder J, Krishnan A. Platelet transcriptome identifies progressive markers and potential therapeutic targets in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100425. [PMID: 34755136 PMCID: PMC8561315 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Predicting disease progression remains a particularly challenging endeavor in chronic degenerative disorders and cancer, thus limiting early detection, risk stratification, and preventive interventions. Here, profiling the three chronic subtypes of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), we identify the blood platelet transcriptome as a proxy strategy for highly sensitive progression biomarkers that also enables prediction of advanced disease via machine-learning algorithms. The MPN platelet transcriptome reveals an incremental molecular reprogramming that is independent of patient driver mutation status or therapy. Subtype-specific markers offer mechanistic and therapeutic insights, and highlight impaired proteostasis and a persistent integrated stress response. Using a LASSO model with validation in two independent cohorts, we identify the advanced subtype MF at high accuracy and offer a robust progression signature toward clinical translation. Our platelet transcriptome snapshot of chronic MPNs demonstrates a proof-of-principle for disease risk stratification and progression beyond genetic data alone, with potential utility in other progressive disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/pathology
- Cellular Reprogramming
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cohort Studies
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polycythemia Vera/diagnosis
- Polycythemia Vera/genetics
- Polycythemia Vera/metabolism
- Polycythemia Vera/pathology
- Primary Myelofibrosis/diagnosis
- Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics
- Primary Myelofibrosis/metabolism
- Primary Myelofibrosis/pathology
- Proteostasis/genetics
- Risk Assessment
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/diagnosis
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/metabolism
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Shen
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wenfei Du
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cecelia Perkins
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lenn Fechter
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vanita Natu
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Rowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason Gotlib
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Zehnder
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anandi Krishnan
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Leimkühler NB, Costa IG, Schneider RK. From cell to cell: Identification of actionable targets in bone marrow fibrosis using single-cell technologies. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:48-54. [PMID: 34601067 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have rapidly developed in recent years and have already had a significant impact on the research of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The increasing number of publicly available data sets allows characterization of the bone marrow niche in patients and mouse models at unprecedented resolution. Single-cell RNA sequencing has successfully been used to identify and characterize disease-driving cell populations and to identify the alarmin S100A8/A9 as an important mediator of myelofibrosis and potent therapeutic target. It is now possible to execute a streamlined set of experiments to specifically identify and validate actionable target genes functionally with the advance of reliable in vivo models and the possibility of conducting single-cell analyses with a minimal amount of patient material. The advent of large-scale analyses of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic bone marrow cells will allow comprehensive network analyses guiding an increasingly detailed mapping of the MPN interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils B Leimkühler
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Coltro G, Loscocco GG, Vannucchi AM. Classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs): A continuum of different disease entities. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:1-69. [PMID: 34756241 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Classical Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell-derived disorders characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of differentiated myeloid cells and close pathobiologic and clinical features. According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, MPNs include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The 2016 revision aimed in particular at strengthening the distinction between masked PV and JAK2-mutated ET, and between prefibrotic/early (pre-PMF) and overt PMF. Clinical manifestations in MPNs include constitutional symptoms, microvascular disorders, thrombosis and bleeding, splenomegaly secondary to extramedullary hematopoiesis, cytopenia-related symptoms, and progression to overt MF and acute leukemia. A dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is the unifying mechanistic hallmark of MPNs, and is guided by somatic mutations in driver genes including JAK2, CALR and MPL. Additional mutations in myeloid neoplasm-associated genes have been also identified, with established prognostic relevance, particularly in PMF. Prognostication of MPN patients relies on disease-specific clinical models. The increasing knowledge of MPN biology led to the development of integrated clinical and molecular prognostic scores that allow a more refined stratification. Recently, the therapeutic landscape of MPNs has been revolutionized by the introduction of potent, selective JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib, fedratinib), that proved effective in controlling disease-related symptoms and splenomegaly, yet leaving unmet critical needs, owing the lack of disease-modifying activity. In this review, we will deal with molecular, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of the three classical MPNs aiming at highlighting either shared characteristics, that overall define a continuum within a single disease family, and uniqueness, at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Coltro
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe G Loscocco
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM, Center for Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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40
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Wang S, Sun L. Silencing Aurora-kinase-A (AURKA) reinforced the sensitivity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) via suppressing β-Catenin and RAS-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8296-8308. [PMID: 34565287 PMCID: PMC8806979 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1985346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) therapy for prevalent lymphoma diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC, DLBCL) still require improvement. Cancer-related aurora-kinase-A (AURKA) may work as a target for DLBCL treatment and its effect on CHOP therapy was investigated in the present study. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 was applied to analyze AURKA expression in DLBC tumor tissues and normal lymphoid tissues. The DLBCL tissues and normal lymphoid tissues were obtained from the DLBCL patients and healthy volunteers. Clinic data of patients were recorded, and AURKA expression in tissues and cells was detected and analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. After AURKA in DLBCL cells was silenced or overexpressed and treated with CHOP, viability and apoptosis were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Expressions of AURKA, β-Catenin, phosphorylated (p)-β-Catenin, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), p-ERK1/2 and RAS were detected using qRT-PCR and Western blot. AURKA was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues and cells. Silencing AURKA inhibited AURKA expression and viability, but promoted apoptosis of DLBCL cells. CHOP had no obvious effects on AURKA expression while reducing viability and promoting apoptosis of DLBCL cells. Silencing AURKA enhanced the effects of CHOP on cell apoptosis of DLBCL cells by inhibiting the expressions of RAS and β-Catenin as well as the ratio of p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and promoting the ratio of p-β-Catenin/β-Catenin. Silencing AURKA reinforced the therapeutic effects of CHOP on reducing viability and promoting apoptosis of DLBCL cell via repressing β-Catenin and RAS-ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxiong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Hematology, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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41
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Liu C, Huang B, Wang H, Zhou J. The heterogeneity of megakaryocytes and platelets and implications for ex vivo platelet generation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1614-1620. [PMID: 34536061 PMCID: PMC8641090 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.21-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets, the chief effector of hemostasis, are small anucleate blood cells generated from megakaryocytes (MKs), and the defects in platelet production or function lead to a variety of bleeding complications. Emerging evidence indicates that MKs and platelets are much more diverse than previously appreciated and involved in many physiological and pathological processes besides hemostasis, such as innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, while the ontogenic variations in MK and platelet function have also become a focus in the field. However, whether MKs and platelets fulfill these distinct functions by utilizing distinct subpopulations remains poorly understood. New studies aimed at deciphering the MK transcriptome at the single‐cell level have provided some key insights into the functional heterogeneity of MKs. In this review, we will discuss some of the recent discoveries of functional and developmental heterogeneity of MKs and its potential link to the heterogeneity of platelets. We will also discuss the implications of these findings while focusing on the ex vivo generation of platelets from human pluripotent stem cells. The improved understanding of the heterogeneity underlying human MK development and platelet production should open new avenues for future platelet regeneration and clinical treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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42
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Gleitz HF, Benabid A, Schneider RK. Still a burning question: the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Curr Opin Hematol 2021; 28:364-371. [PMID: 34232140 PMCID: PMC8373448 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone marrow fibrosis is the progressive replacement of blood-forming cells by reticulin fibres, caused by the acquisition of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive the progression of bone marrow fibrosis remain unknown, yet chronic inflammation appears to be a conserved feature in most patients suffering from myeloproliferative neoplasms. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the role of inflammation in driving bone marrow fibrosis, and its effect on the various hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell populations. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of MPN is primarily driven by the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, together with their mutated progeny, which in turn results in chronic inflammation that disrupts the bone marrow niche and perpetuates a disease-permissive environment. Emerging data suggests that specifically targeting stromal inflammation in combination with JAK inhibition may be the way forward to better treat MPNs, and bone marrow fibrosis specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène F.E. Gleitz
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Benabid
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebekka K. Schneider
- Department of Developmental Biology
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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43
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Dutta A, Nath D, Yang Y, Le BT, Mohi G. CDK6 Is a Therapeutic Target in Myelofibrosis. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4332-4345. [PMID: 34145036 PMCID: PMC8373692 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (myelofibrosis) is a deadly blood neoplasia with the worst prognosis among myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The JAK2 inhibitors ruxolitinib and fedratinib have been approved for treatment of myelofibrosis, but they do not offer significant improvement of bone marrow fibrosis. CDK6 expression is significantly elevated in MPN/myelofibrosis hematopoietic progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib alone or in combination with ruxolitinib in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L murine models of myelofibrosis. Treatment with palbociclib alone significantly reduced leukocytosis and splenomegaly and inhibited bone marrow fibrosis in Jak2V617F and MPLW515L mouse models of myelofibrosis. Combined treatment of palbociclib and ruxolitinib resulted in normalization of peripheral blood leukocyte counts, marked reduction of spleen size, and abrogation of bone marrow fibrosis in murine models of myelofibrosis. Palbociclib treatment also preferentially inhibited Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic progenitors in mice. Mechanistically, treatment with palbociclib or depletion of CDK6 inhibited Aurora kinase, NF-κB, and TGFβ signaling pathways in Jak2V617F mutant hematopoietic cells and attenuated expression of fibrotic markers in the bone marrow. Overall, these data suggest that palbociclib in combination with ruxolitinib may have therapeutic potential for treatment of myelofibrosis and support the clinical investigation of this drug combination in patients with myelofibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that CDK6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with ruxolitinib ameliorates myelofibrosis, suggesting this drug combination could be an effective therapeutic strategy against this devastating blood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Dipmoy Nath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bao T. Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Golam Mohi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA,University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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44
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Varricchio L, Iancu-Rubin C, Upadhyaya B, Zingariello M, Martelli F, Verachi P, Clementelli C, Denis JF, Rahman AH, Tremblay G, Mascarenhas J, Mesa RA, O'Connor-McCourt M, Migliaccio AR, Hoffman R. TGFβ1 protein trap AVID200 beneficially affects hematopoiesis and bone marrow fibrosis in myelofibrosis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145651. [PMID: 34383713 PMCID: PMC8492354 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a progressive chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by hyperactivation of JAK/STAT signaling and dysregulation of the transcription factor GATA1 in megakaryocytes (MKs). TGF-β plays a pivotal role in the pathobiology of MF by promoting BM fibrosis and collagen deposition and by enhancing the dormancy of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this study, we show that MF-MKs elaborated significantly greater levels of TGF-β1 than TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 to a varying degree, and we evaluated the ability of AVID200, a potent TGF-β1/TGF-β3 protein trap, to block the excessive TGF-β signaling. Treatment of human mesenchymal stromal cells with AVID200 significantly reduced their proliferation, decreased phosphorylation of SMAD2, and interfered with the ability of TGF-β1 to induce collagen expression. Moreover, treatment of MF mononuclear cells with AVID200 led to increased numbers of progenitor cells (PCs) with WT JAK2 rather than mutated JAK2V617F. This effect of AVID200 on MF PCs was attributed to its ability to block TGF-β1–induced p57Kip2 expression and SMAD2 activation, thereby allowing normal rather than MF PCs to preferentially proliferate and form hematopoietic colonies. To assess the in vivo effects of AVID200, Gata1lo mice, a murine model of MF, were treated with AVID200, resulting in the reduction in BM fibrosis and an increase in BM cellularity. AVID200 treatment also increased the frequency and numbers of murine progenitor cells as well as short-term and long-term HSCs. Collectively, these data provide the rationale for TGF-β1 blockade, with AVID200 as a therapeutic strategy for patients with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Varricchio
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Camelia Iancu-Rubin
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Bhaskar Upadhyaya
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Fabrizio Martelli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Verachi
- Biomedical and Neuromotorial Sciences, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cara Clementelli
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Adeeb H Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | | | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Hematology Oncology, Mays Cancer Center, San Antonio, United States of America
| | | | | | - Ronald Hoffman
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
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45
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Lee SS, Verstovsek S, Pemmaraju N. Novel Therapies in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Beyond JAK Inhibitor Monotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2021; 4:117-128. [PMID: 35663101 PMCID: PMC9138435 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-20-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic disorders that consist classically of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF). Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have become the standard of therapy in treating patients with intermediate- to higher-risk MF. However, JAK inhibitor (JAKi) treatment can be associated with development of resistance, suboptimal response, relapse, or treatment-related adverse effects. With no approved therapies beyond the JAKi class, the estimated median survival, post JAKi failure, is approximately two years or less; therefore, novel therapies are urgently needed in the MF field. In this review, we discuss ruxolitinib use in MPNs as well as causes of ruxolitinib failure or discontinuation. In addition, we review novel therapies being investigated alone or in combination with JAKi administration. We summarize concepts and mechanisms behind emerging novel therapies being studied for MPNs. This review of emerging novel therapies outlines several novel mechanisms of agents, including via promotion of apoptosis, alteration of the microenvironment, activation or inactivation of various pathways, targeting fibrosis, and telomerase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia S. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas School of Health Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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46
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Hao J, Peng Q, Wang K, Yu G, Pan Y, Du X, Hu N, Zhang X, Qin Y, Li H. Antitumor Effect of Lenvatinib Combined with Alisertib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting the DNA Damage Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6613439. [PMID: 34337035 PMCID: PMC8324353 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Immunohistochemical staining, sequencing, and genetic analysis of liver cancer tissues were performed. The antitumor efficacy of single-agent or combination treatment was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assays. Their antiproliferative and apoptosis activity is evaluated by cell cycle analyses and wound healing assays. The DNA-related proteins were also measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The HepG2 xenograft model was used to detect the effects of lenvatinib-alisertib on the antitumor activity. RESULTS AURKA was found to be upregulated in HCC tissues (77.3%, 17/22). Combined alisertib and lenvatinib treatment significantly enhanced the inhibition of proliferation and migration in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines compared to single-agent treatments (all Ps < 0.01). Alisertib alone or in combination with lenvatinib demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of super-G2 cells (lenvatinib 1 μM vs. lenvatinib 1 μM + alisertib 0.1 μM 8.84 ± 0.84 vs. 34.0 ± 1.54, P < 0.001). Discontinuous spindles and missegregated chromosomes in HCC cells treated with alisertib in combination with lenvatinib were observed. We further revealed that combined treatment inhibited the expression of DNA damage pathway proteins compared to those of single-agent treatments. In nude mice, combined administration of alisertib combined with lenvatinib significantly enhanced the suppression of tumor growth and induced apoptosis (all Ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the possible use of alisertib in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of HCC for better therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qizhen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, 523000 Guangdong, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Radiology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huikai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
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47
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Fu YH, Ou DL, Yang YR, Su KW, Chen CY, Tien HF, Lai ZS, Shen CKJ, Chien HF, Lin LI. Cabozantinib promotes erythroid differentiation in K562 erythroleukemia cells through global changes in gene expression and JNK activation. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:784-792. [PMID: 34117374 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor with multiple targets including MET, VEGFR2, RET, KIT, and FLT3. Cabozantinib is widely used for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma. We recently suggested cabozantinib as a potential therapeutic alternative for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD). Here, we report that cabozantinib can promote differentiation in erythroid leukemia cells. We found that K562 erythroid leukemia cells treated with 1 μM cabozantinib for 72 h underwent erythroid lineage differentiation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that various pathways associated with heme biosynthesis, hemoglobin production, and GATA1 targets were upregulated, whereas cell survival pathways were downregulated. Further examination revealed that cabozantinib-induced erythroid differentiation is at least in part regulated by JNK activation and phosphorylation. Levels of phosphorylated BCR-ABL, AKT, STAT5, ERK, and p38 also decreased following cabozantinib treatment. Therefore, we indicate that cabozantinib has dual functions. First, it induces K562 cell differentiation toward the erythroid lineage by upregulating heme biosynthesis, globin synthesis, and erythroid-associated reactions. Second, cabozantinib inhibits K562 cell proliferation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and the downstream MAPK, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Liang Ou
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wei Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fan Tien
- Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Sheng Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Kun James Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Fei Chien
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-In Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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48
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Fisher DAC, Fowles JS, Zhou A, Oh ST. Inflammatory Pathophysiology as a Contributor to Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683401. [PMID: 34140953 PMCID: PMC8204249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), feature clonal dominance and remodeling of the bone marrow niche in a manner that promotes malignant over non-malignant hematopoiesis. This take-over of hematopoiesis by the malignant clone is hypothesized to include hyperactivation of inflammatory signaling and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. In the Ph-negative MPNs, inflammatory cytokines are considered to be responsible for a highly deleterious pathophysiologic process: the phenotypic transformation of polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET) to secondary myelofibrosis (MF), and the equivalent emergence of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Bone marrow fibrosis itself is thought to be mediated heavily by the cytokine TGF-β, and possibly other cytokines produced as a result of hyperactivated JAK2 kinase in the malignant clone. MF also features extramedullary hematopoiesis and progression to bone marrow failure, both of which may be mediated in part by responses to cytokines. In MF, elevated levels of individual cytokines in plasma are adverse prognostic indicators: elevated IL-8/CXCL8, in particular, predicts risk of transformation of MF to secondary AML (sAML). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, also known as TNFα), may underlie malignant clonal dominance, based on results from mouse models. Human PV and ET, as well as MF, harbor overproduction of multiple cytokines, above what is observed in normal aging, which can lead to cellular signaling abnormalities separate from those directly mediated by hyperactivated JAK2 or MPL kinases. Evidence that NFκB pathway signaling is frequently hyperactivated in a pan-hematopoietic pattern in MPNs, including in cells outside the malignant clone, emphasizes that MPNs are pan-hematopoietic diseases, which remodel the bone marrow milieu to favor persistence of the malignancy. Clinical evidence that JAK2 inhibition by ruxolitinib in MF neither reliably reduces malignant clonal burden nor eliminates cytokine elevations, suggests targeting cytokine mediated signaling as a therapeutic strategy, which is being pursued in new clinical trials. Greater knowledge of inflammatory pathophysiology in MPNs can therefore contribute to the development of more effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Arthur Corpuz Fisher
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jared Scott Fowles
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amy Zhou
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephen Tracy Oh
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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49
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Retinoids in hematology: a timely revival? Blood 2021; 137:2429-2437. [PMID: 33651885 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid receptors (RARA, RARB, and RARG) are ligand-regulated nuclear receptors that act as transcriptional switches. These master genes drew significant interest in the 1990s because of their key roles in embryogenesis and involvement in a rare malignancy, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), in which the RARA (and very rarely, RARG or RARB) genes are rearranged, underscoring the central role of deregulated retinoid signaling in leukemogenesis. Several recent provocative observations have revived interest in the roles of retinoids in non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as in normal hematopoietic differentiation. We review the role of retinoids in hematopoiesis, as well as in the treatment of non-APL AMLs. From this perspective, broader uses of retinoids in the management of hematopoietic tumors are discussed.
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50
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Lee SE. Disease modifying agents of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a review. Blood Res 2021; 56:S26-S33. [PMID: 33935032 PMCID: PMC8093995 DOI: 10.5045/br.2021.2020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of driver mutations in Janus kinase (JAK) 2, calreticulin (CALR), and myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) has contributed to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis by highlighting the importance of JAK signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). This has led to the therapeutic use of novel targeted treatments, such as JAK2 inhibitors. More recently, with the development of next-generation sequencing, additional somatic mutations, which are not restricted to MPNs, have been elucidated. Treatment decisions for MPN patients are influenced by the MPN subtype, symptom burden, and risk classification. Although prevention of vascular events is the main objective of therapy for essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) patients, disease-modifying drugs are needed to eradicate clonal hematopoiesis and prevent progression to more aggressive myeloid neoplasms. JAK inhibitors are a valuable therapeutic strategy for patients with myelofibrosis (MF) who have splenomegaly and/or disease-related symptoms, but intolerance, refractory, resistance, and disease progression still present challenges. Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains the only curative treatment for MF, but it is typically limited by age-related comorbidities and high treatment-related mortality. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and potential new therapies with the aim of modifying the natural history of the disease is important. In this article, I review the current understanding of the molecular basis of MPNs and clinical studies on potential disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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