1
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Wang ZJ, Wang S, Jiang J, Hu Y, Nakajima T, Maeda S, Craig SL, Gong JP. Effect of the Activation Force of Mechanophore on Its Activation Selectivity and Efficiency in Polymer Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13336-13346. [PMID: 38697646 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, more than 100 different mechanophores with a broad range of activation forces have been developed. For various applications of mechanophores in polymer materials, it is crucial to selectively activate the mechanophores with high efficiency, avoiding nonspecific bond scission of the material. In this study, we embedded cyclobutane-based mechanophore cross-linkers (I and II) with varied activation forces (fa) in the first network of the double network hydrogels and quantitively investigated the activation selectivity and efficiency of these mechanophores. Our findings revealed that cross-linker I, with a lower activation force relative to the bonds in the polymer main chain (fa-I/fa-chain = 0.8 nN/3.4 nN), achieved efficient activation with 100% selectivity. Conversely, an increase of the activation force of mechanophore II (fa-II/fa-chain = 2.5 nN/3.4 nN) led to a significant decrease of its activation efficiency, accompanied by a substantial number of nonspecific bond scission events. Furthermore, with the coexistence of two cross-linkers, significantly different activation forces resulted in the almost complete suppression of the higher-force one (i.e., I and III, fa-I/fa-III = 0.8 nN/3.4 nN), while similar activation forces led to simultaneous activations with moderate efficiencies (i.e., I and IV, fa-I/fa-IV = 0.8 nN/1.6 nN). These findings provide insights into the prevention of nonspecific bond rupture during mechanophore activation and enhance our understanding of the damage mechanism within polymer networks when using mechanophores as detectors. Besides, it establishes a principle for combining different mechanophores to design multiple mechanoresponsive functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jian Wang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Stephen L Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346, United States
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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2
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Zhou F, Ni H, Zhu G, Bershadsky L, Sha R, Seeman NC, Chaikin PM. Toward three-dimensional DNA industrial nanorobots. Sci Robot 2023; 8:eadf1274. [PMID: 38055806 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adf1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale industrial robots have potential as manufacturing platforms and are capable of automatically performing repetitive tasks to handle and produce nanomaterials with consistent precision and accuracy. We demonstrate a DNA industrial nanorobot that fabricates a three-dimensional (3D), optically active chiral structure from optically inactive parts. By making use of externally controlled temperature and ultraviolet (UV) light, our programmable robot, ~100 nanometers in size, grabs different parts, positions and aligns them so that they can be welded, releases the construct, and returns to its original configuration ready for its next operation. Our robot can also self-replicate its 3D structure and functions, surpassing single-step templating (restricted to two dimensions) by using folding to access the third dimension and more degrees of freedom. Our introduction of multiple-axis precise folding and positioning as a tool/technology for nanomanufacturing will open the door to more complex and useful nano- and microdevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, China
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heng Ni
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guolong Zhu
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison, NJ, USA
| | - Lev Bershadsky
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruojie Sha
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul M Chaikin
- Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Hensley A, Jacobs WM, Rogers WB. Self-assembly of photonic crystals by controlling the nucleation and growth of DNA-coated colloids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2114050118. [PMID: 34949716 PMCID: PMC8740761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-coated colloids can self-assemble into an incredible diversity of crystal structures, but their applications have been limited by poor understanding and control over the crystallization dynamics. To address this challenge, we use microfluidics to quantify the kinetics of DNA-programmed self-assembly along the entire crystallization pathway, from thermally activated nucleation through reaction-limited and diffusion-limited phases of crystal growth. Our detailed measurements of the temperature and concentration dependence of the kinetics at all stages of crystallization provide a stringent test of classical theories of nucleation and growth. After accounting for the finite rolling and sliding rates of micrometer-sized DNA-coated colloids, we show that modified versions of these classical theories predict the absolute nucleation and growth rates with quantitative accuracy. We conclude by applying our model to design and demonstrate protocols for assembling large single crystals with pronounced structural coloration, an essential step in creating next-generation optical metamaterials from colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hensley
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453
| | - William M Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - W Benjamin Rogers
- Martin A. Fisher School of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453;
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4
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De Fazio AF, Misatziou D, Baker YR, Muskens OL, Brown T, Kanaras AG. Chemically modified nucleic acids and DNA intercalators as tools for nanoparticle assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13410-13440. [PMID: 34792047 PMCID: PMC8628606 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00632k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles to larger structures is of great research interest as it allows the fabrication of novel materials with collective properties correlated to the nanoparticles' individual characteristics. Recently developed methods for controlling nanoparticle organisation have enabled the fabrication of a range of new materials. Amongst these, the assembly of nanoparticles using DNA has attracted significant attention due to the highly selective recognition between complementary DNA strands, DNA nanostructure versatility, and ease of DNA chemical modification. In this review we discuss the application of various chemical DNA modifications and molecular intercalators as tools for the manipulation of DNA-nanoparticle structures. In detail, we discuss how DNA modifications and small molecule intercalators have been employed in the chemical and photochemical DNA ligation in nanostructures; DNA rotaxanes and catenanes associated with reconfigurable nanoparticle assemblies; and DNA backbone modifications including locked nucleic acids, peptide nucleic acids and borane nucleic acids, which affect the stability of nanostructures in complex environments. We conclude by highlighting the importance of maximising the synergy between the communities of DNA chemistry and nanoparticle self-assembly with the aim to enrich the library of tools available for the manipulation of nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela F De Fazio
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Doxi Misatziou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ysobel R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Otto L Muskens
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Antonios G Kanaras
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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5
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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6
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Fruncillo S, Su X, Liu H, Wong LS. Lithographic Processes for the Scalable Fabrication of Micro- and Nanostructures for Biochips and Biosensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2002-2024. [PMID: 33829765 PMCID: PMC8240091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, extensive research has been performed to address numerous challenges in biochip and biosensor fabrication in order to use them for various biomedical applications. These biochips and biosensor devices either integrate biological elements (e.g., DNA, proteins or cells) in the fabrication processes or experience post fabrication of biofunctionalization for different downstream applications, including sensing, diagnostics, drug screening, and therapy. Scalable lithographic techniques that are well established in the semiconductor industry are now being harnessed for large-scale production of such devices, with additional development to meet the demand of precise deposition of various biological elements on device substrates with retained biological activities and precisely specified topography. In this review, the lithographic methods that are capable of large-scale and mass fabrication of biochips and biosensors will be discussed. In particular, those allowing patterning of large areas from 10 cm2 to m2, maintaining cost effectiveness, high throughput (>100 cm2 h-1), high resolution (from micrometer down to nanometer scale), accuracy, and reproducibility. This review will compare various fabrication technologies and comment on their resolution limit and throughput, and how they can be related to the device performance, including sensitivity, detection limit, reproducibility, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fruncillo
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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7
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Ko J, Ma K, Joung JF, Park S, Bang J. Ligand-Assisted Direct Photolithography of Perovskite Nanocrystals Encapsulated with Multifunctional Polymer Ligands for Stable, Full-Colored, High-Resolution Displays. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2288-2295. [PMID: 33645994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterns with a high stability, definition, and resolution are an absolute requirement in advanced display technology. Herein, patternable perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with excellent stability were prepared by exchanging pristine ligands with multifunctional polymer ligands, poly(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate). The polymer backbone contains a cinnamoyl group that has been widely employed as a photo-cross-linker under 365 nm UV irradiation. Also, the terminal group is readily adjustable among NH3Cl, NH3Br, and NH3I, allowing us to obtain multicolored PNCs via instant anion exchange. Furthermore, the resulting ligand exchanged PNCs exhibited enhanced stability toward polar solvents without any undesirable influence on the structural or optical properties of the PNCs. Using anion exchanged PNCs, RGB microarrays with a subpixel size of 10 μm × 40 μm were successfully demonstrated. Our results highlight the versatility and feasibility of a simplified patterning strategy for nanomaterials, which can be generally applied in the fabrication of various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewan Ko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungyeon Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyoung F Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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8
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Liu M, Zheng X, Grebe V, He M, Pine DJ, Weck M. Two-Dimensional (2D) or Quasi-2D Superstructures from DNA-Coated Colloidal Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5744-5748. [PMID: 33285024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This contribution describes the synthesis of colloidal di-patch particles functionalized with DNA on the patches and their assembly into colloidal superstructures via cooperative depletion and DNA-mediated interactions. The assembly into flower-like Kagome, brick-wall like monolayer, orthogonal packed single or double layers, wrinkled monolayer, and colloidal honeycomb superstructures can be controlled by tuning the particles' patch sizes and assembly conditions. Based on these experimental results, we generate an empirical phase diagram. The principles revealed by the phase diagram provide guidance in the design of two-dimensional (2D) materials with desired superstructures. Our strategy might be translatable to the assembly of three-dimensional (3D) colloidal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Veronica Grebe
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Mingxin He
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - David J Pine
- Department of Physics, Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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9
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Liu M, Zheng X, Grebe V, He M, Pine DJ, Weck M. Two‐Dimensional (2D) or Quasi‐2D Superstructures from DNA‐Coated Colloidal Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Liu
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Veronica Grebe
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Mingxin He
- Department of Physics Center for Soft Matter Research New York University New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - David J. Pine
- Department of Physics Center for Soft Matter Research New York University New York NY 10003 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University Brooklyn NY 11201 USA
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University New York NY 10003 USA
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10
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Humenik M, Winkler A, Scheibel T. Patterning of protein-based materials. Biopolymers 2020; 112:e23412. [PMID: 33283876 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanopatterning of proteins on surfaces allows to develop for example high-throughput biosensors in biomedical diagnostics and in general advances the understanding of cell-material interactions in tissue engineering. Today, many techniques are available to generate protein pattern, ranging from technically simple ones, such as micro-contact printing, to highly tunable optical lithography or even technically sophisticated scanning probe lithography. Here, one focus is on the progress made in the development of protein-based materials as positive or negative photoresists allowing micro- to nanostructured scaffolds for biocompatible photonic, electronic and tissue engineering applications. The second one is on approaches, which allow a controlled spatiotemporal positioning of a single protein on surfaces, enabled by the recent developments in immobilization techniques coherent with the sensitive nature of proteins, defined protein orientation and maintenance of the protein activity at interfaces. The third one is on progress in photolithography-based methods, which allow to control the formation of protein-repellant/adhesive polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Humenik
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bayreuth Center for Material Science (BayMAT), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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11
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Xie Z, Gan T, Fang L, Zhou X. Recent progress in creating complex and multiplexed surface-grafted macromolecular architectures. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8736-8759. [PMID: 32969442 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-grafted macromolecules, including polymers, DNA, peptides, etc., are versatile modifications to tailor the interfacial functions in a wide range of fields. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most recent progress in engineering surface-grafted chains for the creation of complex and multiplexed surface architectures over micro- to macro-scopic areas. A brief introduction to surface grafting is given first. Then the fabrication of complex surface architectures is summarized with a focus on controlled chain conformations, grafting densities and three-dimensional structures. Furthermore, recent advances are highlighted for the generation of multiplexed arrays with designed chemical composition in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The applications of such complicated macromolecular architectures are then briefly discussed. Finally, some perspective outlooks for future studies and challenges are suggested. We hope that this review will be helpful to those just entering this field and those in the field requiring quick access to useful reference information about the progress in the properties, processing, performance, and applications of functional surface-grafted architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingangxi Road No. 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Tiansheng Gan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Lvye Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Xingangxi Road No. 135, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Xuechang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, P. R. China.
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12
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Abstract
Patchy particles with shape complementarity can serve as building blocks for assembling colloidal superstructures. Alternatively, encoding information on patches using DNA can direct assembly into a variety of crystalline or other preprogrammed structures. Here, we present a tool where DNA is used both to engineer shape and to encode information on colloidal particles. Two reactive oil emulsions with different but complementary DNA (cDNA) brushes are assembled into CsCl-like crystalline lattices. The DNA brushes are recruited to and ultimately localized at the junctions between neighboring droplets, which gives rise to DNA-encoded faceted patches. The emulsions are then solidified by ultraviolet (UV) polymerization, producing faceted patchy particles. The facet size and DNA distribution are determined by the balance between the DNA binding energy and the elastic deformation energy of droplets. This method leads to a variety of new patchy particles with directional interactions in scalable quantities.
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13
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Zhu J, Lin H, Kim Y, Yang M, Skakuj K, Du JS, Lee B, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP, Mirkin CA. Light-Responsive Colloidal Crystals Engineered with DNA. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906600. [PMID: 31944429 PMCID: PMC7061716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for synthesizing and photopatterning colloidal crystals via light-responsive DNA is developed. These crystals are composed of 10-30 nm gold nanoparticles interconnected with azobenzene-modified DNA strands. The photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules leads to reversible assembly and disassembly of the base-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nanoparticle lattices. In addition, UV light is used as a trigger to selectively remove nanoparticles on centimeter-scale thin films of colloidal crystals, allowing them to be photopatterned into preconceived shapes. The design of the azobenzene-modified linking DNA is critical and involves complementary strands, with azobenzene moieties deliberately staggered between the bases that define the complementary code. This results in a tunable wavelength-dependent melting temperature (Tm ) window (4.5-15 °C) and one suitable for affecting the desired transformations. In addition to the isomeric state of the azobenzene groups, the size of the particles can be used to modulate the Tm window over which these structures are light-responsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Haixin Lin
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Youngeun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Muwen Yang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kacper Skakuj
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jingshan S Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Richard P Van Duyne
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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14
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Kim SH, Liu Y, Hoelzel C, Zhang X, Lee TH. Super-Resolution Optical Lithography with DNA. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6035-6042. [PMID: 31425652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed an efficient, versatile, and accessible super-resolution microscopy method to construct a nanoparticle assembly at a spatial resolution below the optical diffraction limit. The method utilizes DNA and a photoactivated DNA cross-linker. Super-resolution optical techniques have been used only as a means to make measurements below the light diffraction limit. Furthermore, no optical technique is currently available to construct nanoparticle assemblies with a precisely designed shape and internal structure at a resolution of a few tens of nanometers (nm). Here we demonstrate that we can fulfill this deficiency by utilizing spontaneous structural dynamics of DNA hairpins combined with single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) microscopy and a photoactivated DNA cross-linker. The stochastic fluorescence blinking due to the spontaneous folding and unfolding motions of DNA hairpins enables us to precisely localize a folded hairpin and solidify it only when it is within a predesigned target area whose size is below the diffraction limit. As the method is based on an optical microscope and an easily clickable DNA cross-linking reagent, it will provide an efficient means to create large nanoparticle assemblies with a shape and internal structure at an optical super-resolution, opening a wide window of opportunities toward investigating their photophysical and optoelectronic properties and developing novel devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Ho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Conner Hoelzel
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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15
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Hölz K, Schaudy E, Lietard J, Somoza MM. Multi-level patterning nucleic acid photolithography. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3805. [PMID: 31444344 PMCID: PMC6707258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatile and tunable self-assembly properties of nucleic acids and engineered nucleic acid constructs make them invaluable in constructing microscale and nanoscale devices, structures and circuits. Increasing the complexity, functionality and ease of assembly of such constructs, as well as interfacing them to the macroscopic world requires a multifaceted and programmable fabrication approach that combines efficient and spatially resolved nucleic acid synthesis with multiple post-synthetic chemical and enzymatic modifications. Here we demonstrate a multi-level photolithographic patterning approach that starts with large-scale in situ surface synthesis of natural, modified or chimeric nucleic acid molecular structures and is followed by chemical and enzymatic nucleic acid modifications and processing. The resulting high-complexity, micrometer-resolution nucleic acid surface patterns include linear and branched structures, multi-color fluorophore labeling and programmable targeted oligonucleotide immobilization and cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hölz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Schaudy
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jory Lietard
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Mark M Somoza
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14 (UZA II), 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Huang F, Zhang J, Li T, Duan R, Xia F, Willner I. Two-Photon Lithographic Patterning of DNA-Coated Single-Microparticle Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:618-625. [PMID: 30585496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The spatially defined functionalization of microparticles with asymmetric shape-controlled nucleic acid patterns is a major challenge in materials science. The asymmetric patterning of microparticles is important to allow the controlled fabrication of crystalline lattices or controlled aggregates of microparticles. We present the combination of two-photon lithography and photocleavable o-nitrobenzylphosphate ester nucleic acid coating-modified microparticles as a versatile means to asymmetrically pattern single microparticle surfaces. The two-photon patterning of microparticles with predesigned nucleic acid structures of different sizes (700 nm to 2.8 μm) and shapes (circles, rings, triangles, and squares) are demonstrated. In addition, complex patterned domains consisting of two different asymmetric nucleic acid domains are fabricated by the controlled Z-positioning of the microparticles in respect to the two-photon irradiation sources. In addition, the two-photon lithographic patterning of the photocleavable DNA coating allows the generation of functional nucleic acid domains for the photostimulated activation of the catalytic hybridization assembly (CHA) of branched nucleic acid structures on single microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Tao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Ruilin Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry , China University of Geosciences , Wuhan 430074 , China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , China
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
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17
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Moon J, Jo IS, Ducrot E, Oh JS, Pine DJ, Yi GR. DNA-Coated Microspheres and Their Colloidal Superstructures. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Pardatscher G, Schwarz‐Schilling M, Daube SS, Bar‐Ziv RH, Simmel FC. Genexpression auf DNA‐Biochips: Strukturierung durch Strangverdrängungs‐Lithographie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Pardatscher
- Physik-Department und ZNN Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching Deutschland
| | | | - Shirley S. Daube
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Roy H. Bar‐Ziv
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Friedrich C. Simmel
- Physik-Department und ZNN Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4a 85748 Garching Deutschland
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19
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Pardatscher G, Schwarz-Schilling M, Daube SS, Bar-Ziv RH, Simmel FC. Gene Expression on DNA Biochips Patterned with Strand-Displacement Lithography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4783-4786. [PMID: 29469991 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lithographic patterning of DNA molecules enables spatial organization of cell-free genetic circuits under well-controlled experimental conditions. Here, we present a biocompatible, DNA-based resist termed "Bephore", which is based on commercially available components and can be patterned by both photo- and electron-beam lithography. The patterning mechanism is based on cleavage of a chemically modified DNA hairpin by ultraviolet light or electrons, and a subsequent strand-displacement reaction. All steps are performed in aqueous solution and do not require chemical development of the resist, which makes the lithographic process robust and biocompatible. Bephore is well suited for multistep lithographic processes, enabling the immobilization of different types of DNA molecules with micrometer precision. As an application, we demonstrate compartmentalized, on-chip gene expression from three sequentially immobilized DNA templates, leading to three spatially resolved protein-expression gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Pardatscher
- Physics-Department and ZNN, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Shirley S Daube
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Roy H Bar-Ziv
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Friedrich C Simmel
- Physics-Department and ZNN, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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20
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Elacqua E, Zheng X, Shillingford C, Liu M, Weck M. Molecular Recognition in the Colloidal World. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2756-2766. [PMID: 28984441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly is a bottom-up technique to fabricate functional nanomaterials, with paramount interest stemming from programmable assembly of smaller building blocks into dynamic crystalline domains and photonic materials. Multiple established colloidal platforms feature diverse shapes and bonding interactions, while achieving specific orientations along with short- and long-range order. A major impediment to their universal use as building blocks for predesigned architectures is the inability to precisely dictate and control particle functionalization and concomitant reversible self-assembly. Progress in colloidal self-assembly necessitates the development of strategies that endow bonding specificity and directionality within assemblies. Methodologies that emulate molecular and polymeric three-dimensional (3D) architectures feature elements of covalent bonding, while high-fidelity molecular recognition events have been installed to realize responsive reconfigurable assemblies. The emergence of anisotropic 'colloidal molecules', coupled with the ability to site-specifically decorate particle surfaces with supramolecular recognition motifs, has facilitated the formation of superstructures via directional interactions and shape recognition. In this Account, we describe supramolecular assembly routes to drive colloidal particles into precisely assembled architectures or crystalline lattices via directional noncovalent molecular interactions. The design principles are based upon the fabrication of colloidal particles bearing surface-exposed functional groups that can undergo programmable conjugation to install recognition motifs with high fidelity. Modular and versatile by design, our strategy allows for the introduction and integration of molecular recognition principles into the colloidal world. We define noncovalent molecular interactions as site-specific forces that are predictable (i.e., feature selective and controllable complementary bonding partners) and can engage in tunable high-fidelity interactions. Examples include metal coordination and host-guest interactions as well as hydrogen bonding and DNA hybridization. On the colloidal scale, these interactions can be used to drive the reversible formation of open structures. Key to the design is the ability to covalently conjugate supramolecular motifs onto the particle surface and/or noncovalently associate with small molecules that can mediate and direct assembly. Efforts exploiting the binding strength inherent to DNA hybridization for the preparation of reversible open-packed structures are then detailed. We describe strategies that led to the introduction of dual-responsive DNA-mediated orthogonal assembly as well as colloidal clusters that afford distinct DNA-ligated close-packed lattices. Further focus is placed on two essential and related efforts: the engineering of complex superstructures that undergo phase transitions and colloidal crystals featuring a high density of functional anchors that aid in crystallization. The design principles discussed in this Account highlight the synergy stemming from coupling well-established noncovalent interactions common on the molecular and polymeric length scales with colloidal platforms to engineer reconfigurable functional architectures by design. Directional strategies and methods such as those illustrated herein feature molecular control and dynamic assembly that afford both open-packed 1D and 2D lattices and are amenable to 3D colloidal frameworks. Multiple methods to direct colloidal assembly have been reported, yet few are capable of crystallizing 2D and 3D architectures of interest for optical data storage, electronics, and photonics. Indeed, early implications are that [supra]molecular control over colloidal assembly can fabricate rationally structured designer materials from simple fundamental building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elacqua
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-1503, United States
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Cicely Shillingford
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular
Design Institute and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, United States
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21
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Cheng M, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shi F. Macroscopic supramolecular assembly to fabricate multiplexed DNA patterns for potential application in DNA chips. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17220-17223. [PMID: 29109994 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic supramolecular assembly (MSA) is a newly established methodology to construct supramolecular materials directly from large building blocks. Demonstrations of MSA for various functions are urgently needed to advance MSA from fundamental studies to practical uses. Here we propose the fabrication of DNA microarrays by combining MSA and magnetic-assisted localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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22
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Abstract
This contribution highlights the functionalization of colloidal particles featuring high-symmetry patches with telechelic block copolymers and subsequent reversible self-assembly of the resulting particles into longer chain and branched structures using host-guest complexation. The 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM)-based anisotropic particles, obtained through a cluster-encapsulation process, consist of poly(styrene) patches and are site-specifically functionalized with block copolymers bearing pendant viologen or azobenzene motifs. Key to the design is the engineering of heterotelechelic α-hydroxy-ω-formyl-poly(norbornene)s via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The block copolymers feature both main chain anchor points to the particle surface, as well as orthogonal reactive sites for cyanine dye conjugation. The polymeric particles undergo directed and reversible supramolecular assembly in the presence of the host cucurbit[8]uril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elacqua
- Molecular Design Institute
and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Xiaolong Zheng
- Molecular Design Institute
and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute
and Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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23
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Nie ZQ, Lin H, Liu XF, Zhai AP, Tian YT, Wang WJ, Li DY, Ding WQ, Zhang XR, Song YL, Jia BH. Three-dimensional super-resolution longitudinal magnetization spot arrays. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17032. [PMID: 30167282 PMCID: PMC6062314 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical strategy for realizing spherical three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution (∼λ3/22) spot arrays of pure longitudinal magnetization by exploiting a 4π optical microscopic setup with two high numerical aperture (NA) objective lenses, which focus and interfere two modulated vectorial beams. Multiple phase filters (MPFs) are designed via an analytical approach derived from the vectorial Debye diffraction theory to modulate the two circularly polarized beams. The system is tailored to constructively interfere the longitudinal magnetization components, while simultaneously destructively interfering the azimuthal ones. As a result, the magnetization field is not only purely longitudinal but also super-resolved in all three dimensions. Furthermore, the MPFs can be designed analytically to control the number and locations of the super-resolved magnetization spots to produce both uniform and nonuniform arrays in a 3D volume. Thus, an all-optical control of all the properties of light-induced magnetization spot arrays has been demonstrated for the first time. These results open up broad applications in magnetic-optical devices such as confocal and multifocal magnetic resonance microscopy, 3D ultrahigh-density magneto-optic memory, and light-induced magneto-lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Quan Nie
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Han Lin
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- Department of Science, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhai
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yan-Ting Tian
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Dong-Yu Li
- Department of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Ding
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Ru Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying-Lin Song
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bao-Hua Jia
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems, Ministry of Education of Shanxi Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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24
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Patra N, Tkachenko AV. Layer-by-layer assembly of patchy particles as a route to nontrivial structures. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022601. [PMID: 28950567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a strategy for robust high-quality self-assembly of nontrivial periodic structures out of patchy particles and investigate it with Brownian dynamics simulations. Its first element is the use of specific patch-patch and shell-shell interactions between the particles, which can be implemented through differential functionalization of patched and shell regions with specific DNA strands. The other key element of our approach is the use of a layer-by-layer protocol that allows one to avoid the formation of undesired random aggregates. As an example, we design and self-assemble in silico a version of a double diamond lattice in which four particle types are arranged into bcc crystal made of four fcc sublattices. The lattice can be further converted to cubic diamond by selective removal of the particles of certain types. Our results demonstrate that by combining the directionality, selectivity of interactions, and the layer-by-layer protocol, a high-quality robust self-assembly can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Patra
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Alexei V Tkachenko
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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25
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Song Y, Takahashi T, Kim S, Heaney YC, Warner J, Chen S, Heller MJ. A Programmable DNA Double-Write Material: Synergy of Photolithography and Self-Assembly Nanofabrication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22-28. [PMID: 28032747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a DNA double-write process that uses UV to pattern a uniquely designed DNA write material, which produces two distinct binding identities for hybridizing two different complementary DNA sequences. The process requires no modification to the DNA by chemical reagents and allows programmed DNA self-assembly and further UV patterning in the UV exposed and nonexposed areas. Multilayered DNA patterning with hybridization of fluorescently labeled complementary DNA sequences, biotin probe/fluorescent streptavidin complexes, and DNA patterns with 500 nm line widths were all demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Tsukasa Takahashi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Sejung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Yvonne C Heaney
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - John Warner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Michael J Heller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ∥Department of Nanoengineering, and ⊥Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
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26
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Huang F, Zhou X, Yao D, Xiao S, Liang H. DNA Polymer Brush Patterning through Photocontrollable Surface-Initiated DNA Hybridization Chain Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5800-5806. [PMID: 26382921 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of DNA polymer brushes with spatial resolution onto a solid surface is a crucial step for biochip research and related applications, cell-free gene expression study, and even artificial cell fabrication. Here, for the first time, a DNA polymer brush patterning method is reported based on the photoactivation of an ortho-nitrobenzyl linker-embedded DNA hairpin structure and a subsequent surface-initiated DNA hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Inert DNA hairpins are exposed to ultraviolet light irradiation to generate DNA duplexes with two active sticky ends (toeholds) in a programmable manner. These activated DNA duplexes can initiate DNA HCR to generate multifunctional patterned DNA polymer brushes with complex geometrical shapes. Different multifunctional DNA polymer brush patterns can be fabricated on certain areas of the same solid surface using this method. Moreover, the patterned DNA brush surface can be used to capture target molecules in a desired manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dongbao Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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27
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Ohayon YP, Sha R, Flint O, Liu W, Chakraborty B, Subramanian HKK, Zheng J, Chandrasekaran AR, Abdallah HO, Wang X, Zhang X, Seeman NC. Covalent Linkage of One-Dimensional DNA Arrays Bonded by Paranemic Cohesion. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10304-10312. [PMID: 26343906 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The construction of DNA nanostructures from branched DNA motifs, or tiles, typically relies on the use of sticky-ended cohesion, owing to the specificity and programmability of DNA sequences. The stability of such constructs when unligated is restricted to a specific range of temperatures, owing to the disruption of base pairing at elevated temperatures. Paranemic (PX) cohesion was developed as an alternative to sticky ends for the cohesion of large topologically closed species that could be purified reliably on denaturing gels. However, PX cohesion is also of limited stability. In this work, we added sticky-ended interactions to PX-cohesive complexes to create interlocked complexes by functionalizing the sticky ends with psoralen, which can form cross-links between the two strands of a double helix. We were able to reinforce the stability of the constructs by creating covalent linkages between the 3'-ends and 5'-ends of the sticky ends; the sticky ends were added to double crossover domains via 3'-3' and 5'-5' linkages. Catenated arrays were obtained either by enzymatic ligation or by UV cross-linking. We have constructed finite-length one-dimensional arrays linked by interlocking loops and have positioned streptavidin-gold particles on these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel P Ohayon
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ruojie Sha
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Ortho Flint
- Department of Mathematics, University of Western Ontario , London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Banani Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hari K K Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | | | - Hatem O Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Nadrian C Seeman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
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Edwards TD, Yang Y, Everett WN, Bevan MA. Reconfigurable multi-scale colloidal assembly on excluded volume patterns. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13612. [PMID: 26330058 PMCID: PMC4557032 DOI: 10.1038/srep13612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to create multi-scale, periodic colloidal assemblies with unique properties is important to emerging applications. Dynamically manipulating colloidal structures via tunable kT-scale attraction can provide the opportunity to create particle-based nano- and microstructured materials that are reconfigurable. Here, we report a novel tactic to obtain reconfigurable, multi-scale, periodic colloidal assemblies by combining thermoresponsive depletant particles and patterned topographical features that, together, reversibly mediate local kT-scale depletion interactions. This method is demonstrated in optical microscopy experiments to produce colloidal microstructures that reconfigure between well-defined ordered structures and disordered fluid states as a function of temperature and pattern feature depth. These results are well described by Monte Carlo simulations using theoretical depletion potentials that include patterned excluded volume. Ultimately, the approach reported here can be extended to control the size, shape, orientation, and microstructure of colloidal assemblies on multiple lengths scales and on arbitrary pre-defined pattern templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara D. Edwards
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Michael A. Bevan
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
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Feng L, Laderman B, Sacanna S, Chaikin P. Re-entrant solidification in polymer-colloid mixtures as a consequence of competing entropic and enthalpic attractions. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:61-65. [PMID: 25326826 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In polymer-colloid mixtures, non-adsorbing polymers dispersed with much larger colloids provide a universal yet specific entropic attraction between the colloids. Such so-called depletion interaction arises from an osmotic-pressure imbalance caused by the polymers and is considered to be independent of temperature. Here we show that, for the most commonly used polymer-colloid depletion systems, the polymer undergoes a crossover from non-adsorbing to adsorbing and that, consequently, the effective colloidal interactions depend on temperature. We also find that a combination of the enthalpic (polymer bridging) and entropic (polymer exclusion) interactions, both attractive, leads to a re-entrant regime where the colloids are dispersed and form solids both on heating and on cooling. We provide a simple model to explain the observed transitions and to fill the theoretical gap at the polymer-adsorption crossover. Our findings open possibilities for colloidal self-assembly, the formation of colloidal crystals and glasses, and the behaviour of temperature-controlled viscoelastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Feng
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Physics Department, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York New York 10003, USA
| | - Bezia Laderman
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Physics Department, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York New York 10003, USA
| | - Stefano Sacanna
- 1] Center for Soft Matter Research, Physics Department, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York New York 10003, USA [2] Chemistry Department, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York New York 10003, USA
| | - Paul Chaikin
- Center for Soft Matter Research, Physics Department, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York New York 10003, USA
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30
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Tunc D, Le Coz C, Alexandre M, Desbois P, Lecomte P, Carlotti S. Reversible Cross-Linking of Aliphatic Polyamides Bearing Thermo- and Photoresponsive Cinnamoyl Moieties. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502083p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tunc
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman,
B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cedric Le Coz
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
| | - Michael Alexandre
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman,
B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Desbois
- Advanced
Material and System Research, BASF SE, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Philippe Lecomte
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman,
B6a, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephane Carlotti
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, IPB/ENSCBP, Univ. Bordeaux, 16 avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR 5629, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-33607 Pessac, Cedex, France
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32
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Abstract
The immobilization of DNA molecules onto a solid support is a crucial step in biochip research and related applications. In this work, we report a DNA photolithography method based on photocleavage of 2-nitrobenzyl linker-modified DNA strands. These strands were subjected to ultraviolet light irradiation to generate multiple short DNA strands in a programmable manner. Coupling the toehold-mediated DNA strand-displacement reaction with DNA photolithography enabled the fabrication of a DNA chip surface with multifunctional DNA patterns having complex geometrical structures at the microscale level. The erasable DNA photolithography strategy was developed to allow different paintings on the same chip. Furthermore, the asymmetrical modification of colloidal particles was carried out by using this photolithography strategy. This strategy has broad applications in biosensors, nanodevices, and DNA-nanostructure fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaguo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Shands Cancer Center and Center for Research at the Interface of Bio/Nano, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Address correspondence to ,
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33
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Kim Y, Shah AA, Solomon MJ. Spatially and temporally reconfigurable assembly of colloidal crystals. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3676. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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34
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Escorihuela J, Bañuls MJ, Puchades R, Maquieira Á. Site-specific immobilization of DNA on silicon surfaces by using the thiol–yne reaction. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:8510-8517. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalent immobilization of ssDNA fragments onto silicon-based materials was performed using the thiol–yne reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María-José Bañuls
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Puchades
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Maquieira
- Centro de Reconocimiento Moleculary Desarrollo Tecnológico
- Departamento de Química
- Universitat Politècnica de València
- 46022 Valencia, Spain
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