1
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Li C, Gu S, Xiao Y, Lin X, Lin X, Zhao X, Nan J, Xiao X. Single-crystal oxygen-rich bismuth oxybromide nanosheets with highly exposed defective {10-1} facets for the selective oxidation of toluene under blue LED irradiation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:426-436. [PMID: 38688181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reactive radicals are crucial for activating inert and low-polarity C(sp3)-H bonds for the fabrication of high value-added products. Herein, novel single-crystal oxygen-rich bismuth oxybromide nanosheets (Bi4O5Br2 SCNs) with more than 85 % {10-1} facets exposure and oxygen defects were synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. The Bi4O5Br2 SCNs demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance in the selective oxidation of toluene under blue light. The yield of benzaldehyde was 1876.66 μmol g-1 h-1, with a selectivity of approximately 90 %. Compared to that of polycrystalline Bi4O5Br2 nanosheets (Bi4O5Br2 PCNs), the activity of Bi4O5Br2 SCNs exhibit a 21-fold increase. Experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have demonstrated that the defect Bi4O5Br2 (10-1) facets exhibits exceptional adsorption properties for O2 molecules. In addition, the single-crystal structure in the presence of surface defects significantly increases the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers, resulting in the effective activation of adsorbed O2 into superoxide radicals (•O2-). Subsequently, the positively charged phenylmethyl H is readily linked to the negatively charged superoxide radical anion, thereby activating the CH bond. This study offers a fresh perspective and valuable insights into the development of efficient molecular oxygen-activated photocatalysts and their application in the selective catalytic conversion of aromatic C(sp3)-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Songting Gu
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yingxi Xiao
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinyan Lin
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Henan Polytechnic Institute, Nanyang 473009, PR China
| | - Junmin Nan
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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2
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Yang R, Xiao S, Zhang J, Tang S, Xu R, Tong Y. Hematite Hollow-Sphere-Array Photoanodes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310752. [PMID: 38345256 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Constructing 3D nanophotonic structures is regarded as an effective method to realize efficient solar-to-hydrogen conversion. These photonic structures can enhance the absorbance of photoelectrodes by the light trapping effect, promote the charge separation by designable charge transport pathway and provide a high specific surface area for catalytic reaction. However, most 3D structures reported so far mainly focused on the influence of light absorption and lacked a systematic investigation of the overall water splitting process. Herein, hematite hollow-sphere-array photoanodes are fabricated through a facile hydrothermal method with polystyrene templates. Validating by simulations and experiments, the hollow sphere array is proved to enhance the efficiency of light harvesting, charge separation and surface reaction at the same time. With an additional annealing treatment in oxygen, a photocurrent density of 2.26 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode can be obtained, which is 3.70 times larger than that with a planar structure in otherwise the same system. This work gains an insight into the photoelectrochemical water splitting process, which is valuable for the further design of advancing solar driven water splitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongge Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology (iLaT) and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Songtao Tang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruimei Xu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yexiang Tong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, The Key Lab of Low-Carbon Chemistry and Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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3
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Chen R, Ni C, Zhu J, Fan F, Li C. Surface photovoltage microscopy for mapping charge separation on photocatalyst particles. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00992-2. [PMID: 38654135 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Solar-driven photocatalytic reactions offer a promising route to clean and sustainable energy, and the spatial separation of photogenerated charges on the photocatalyst surface is the key to determining photocatalytic efficiency. However, probing the charge-separation properties of photocatalysts is a formidable challenge because of the spatially heterogeneous microstructures, complicated charge-separation mechanisms and lack of sensitivity for detecting the low density of separated photogenerated charges. Recently, we developed surface photovoltage microscopy (SPVM) with high spatial and energy resolution that enables the direct mapping of surface-charge distributions and quantitative assessment of the charge-separation properties of photocatalysts at the nanoscale, potentially providing unprecedented insights into photocatalytic charge-separation processes. Here, this protocol presents detailed procedures that enable researchers to construct the SPVM instruments by integrating Kelvin probe force microscopy with an illumination system and the modulated surface photovoltage (SPV) approach. It then describes in detail how to perform SPVM measurements on actual photocatalyst particles, including sample preparation, tuning of the microscope, adjustment of the illuminated light path, acquisition of SPVM images and measurements of spatially resolved modulated SPV signals. Moreover, the protocol also includes sophisticated data analysis that can guide non-experts in understanding the microscopic charge-separation mechanisms. The measurements are ordinarily performed on photocatalysts with a conducting substrate in gases or vacuum and can be completed in 15 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Chenwei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Wang K, Tao Y, Tang Z, Xu X, Benetti D, Vidal F, Zhao H, Rosei F, Sun X. Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation Based on Core Size Effect of Heterostructured Quantum Dots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306453. [PMID: 38032174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are shown to be effective as light-harvesting sensitizers of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen (H2) generation. The CdSe/CdS core/shell architecture is widely studied due to their tunable absorption range and band alignment via engineering the size of each composition, leading to efficient carrier separation/transfer with proper core/shell band types. However, until now the effect of core size on the PEC performance along with tailoring the core/shell band alignment is not well understood. Here, by regulating four types of CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs with different core sizes (diameter of 2.8, 3.1, 3.5, and 4.8 nm) while the thickness of CdS shell remains the same (thickness of 2.0 ± 0.1 nm), the Type II, Quasi-Type II, and Type I core/shell architecture are successfully formed. Among these, the optimized CdSe/CdS/TiO2 photoelectrode with core size of 3.5 nm can achieve the saturated photocurrent density (Jph) of 17.4 mA cm-2 under standard one sun irradiation. When such cores are further optimized by capping alloyed shells, the Jph can reach values of 22 mA cm2 which is among the best-performed electrodes based on colloidal QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3×1P7, Canada
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yi Tao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zikun Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Daniele Benetti
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3×1P7, Canada
| | - François Vidal
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3×1P7, Canada
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles & College of Physics, University-Industry Joint Center for Ocean Observation and Broadband Communication, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3×1P7, Canada
| | - Xuhui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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5
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Huang H, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhao M, Zhang N, Hu Y, Fan F, Feng J, Li Z, Zou Z. Stacking textured films on lattice-mismatched transparent conducting oxides via matched Voronoi cell of oxygen sublattice. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:383-390. [PMID: 38062169 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conducting oxides are a critical component in modern (opto)electronic devices and solar energy conversion systems, and forming textured functional films on them is highly desirable for property manipulation and performance optimization. However, technologically important materials show varied crystal structures, making it difficult to establish coherent interfaces and consequently the oriented growth of these materials on transparent conducting oxides. Here, taking lattice-mismatched hexagonal α-Fe2O3 and tetragonal fluorine-doped tin oxide as the example, atomic-level investigations reveal that a coherent ordered structure forms at their interface, and via an oxygen-mediated dimensional and chemical-matching manner, that is, matched Voronoi cells of oxygen sublattices, [110]-oriented α-Fe2O3 films develop on fluorine-doped tin oxide. Further measurements of charge transport characteristics and photoelectronic effects highlight the importance and advantages of coherent interfaces and well-defined orientation in textured α-Fe2O3 films. Textured growth of lattice-mismatched oxides, including spinel Co3O4, fluorite CeO2, perovskite BiFeO3 and even halide perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6, on fluorine-doped tin oxide is also achieved, offering new opportunities to develop high-performance transparent-conducting-oxide-supported devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyue Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningsi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfei Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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6
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Hojamberdiev M, Vargas R, Madriz L, Kadirova ZC, Yubuta K, Zhang F, Teshima K, Lerch M. Untangling the Effect of Carbonaceous Materials on the Photoelectrochemical Performance of BaTaO 2N. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7022-7033. [PMID: 38371832 PMCID: PMC10870353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The water oxidation reaction is a rate-determining step in solar water splitting. The number of surviving photoexcited holes is one of the most influencing factors affecting the photoelectrochemical water oxidation efficiency of photocatalysts. The solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency of BaTaO2N is still far below the benchmark efficiency set for practical applications, notwithstanding its potential as a 600 nm-class photocatalyst in solar water splitting. To improve its efficiency in photoelectrochemical water splitting, this study offers a straightforward route to develop photocatalytic materials based on the combination of BaTaO2N and carbonaceous materials with different dimensions. The impact of diverse carbonaceous materials, such as fullerene, g-C3N4, graphene, carbon nanohorns, and carbon nanotubes, on the photoelectrochemical behavior of BaTaO2N has been examined. Notably, the use of graphene and g-C3N4 remarkably improves the photoelectrochemical performance of the composite photocatalysts through a higher photocurrent and acting as electron reservoirs. Consequently, a marked reduction in recombination rates, even at low overpotentials, leads to a higher accumulation of photoexcited holes, resulting in 2.6- and 1.7-fold increased BaTaO2N photocurrent densities using graphene and g-C3N4, respectively. The observed trends in the dark for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) potential align with the increase in the photocurrent density, revealing a good correlation between opposite phenomena. Importantly, the enhancement observed implies an underlying accumulation phenomenon. The verification of this concept lies in the evidence provided by oxygen reduction and is in line with photoredox flux matching during photocatalysis. This research underscores the intricate interplay between carbonaceous materials and oxynitride photocatalysts, offering a strategic approach to enhancing various photocatalytic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirabbos Hojamberdiev
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Vargas
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino, Km 8,2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela
de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad
Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino, Km 8,2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorean Madriz
- Instituto
Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), Consejo Nacional
de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino, Km 8,2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela
de Bio y Nanotecnologías, Universidad
Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Avenida Intendente Marino, Km 8,2, B7130IWA Chascomús, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Zukhra C. Kadirova
- Uzbekistan–Japan
Innovation Center of Youth, University Street 2B, 100095 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Kunio Yubuta
- Department
of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State
Key
Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy,
iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Katsuya Teshima
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
- Research
Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu
University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Martin Lerch
- Institut
für Chemie, Technische Universität
Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Biglarbeigi P, Morelli A, Pauly S, Yu Z, Jiang W, Sharma S, Finlay D, Kumar A, Soin N, Payam AF. Unraveling Spatiotemporal Transient Dynamics at the Nanoscale via Wavelet Transform-Based Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21506-21517. [PMID: 37877266 PMCID: PMC10655243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic probing of surface potential changes arising from dynamic charge transport is the key to understanding and engineering increasingly complex nanoscale materials and devices. Spatiotemporal averaging in conventional heterodyne detection-based Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) inherently limits its time resolution, causing an irretrievable loss of transient response and higher-order harmonics. Addressing this, we report a wavelet transform (WT)-based methodology capable of quantifying the sub-ms charge dynamics and probing the elusive transient response. The feedback-free, open-loop wavelet transform KPFM (OL-WT-KPFM) technique harnesses the WT's ability to simultaneously extract spatial and temporal information from the photodetector signal to provide a dynamic mapping of surface potential, capacitance gradient, and dielectric constant at a temporal resolution 3 orders of magnitude higher than the lock-in time constant. We further demonstrate the method's applicability to explore the surface-photovoltage-induced sub-ms hole-diffusion transient in bismuth oxyiodide semiconductor. The OL-WT-KPFM concept is readily applicable to commercial systems and can provide the underlying basis for the real-time analysis of transient electronic and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Biglarbeigi
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
- School
of Science and Engineering, University of
Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4NH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Morelli
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Serene Pauly
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Zidong Yu
- Institute
for Materials Research and Innovation (IMRI), University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3
5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- College
of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime
University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Centre
for New Energy Transition Research Technologies (CfNETR), Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria 3810, Australia
| | - Dewar Finlay
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet Soin
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
- School of
Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology,
P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
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8
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Yang R, Fan Y, Hu J, Chen Z, Shin HS, Voiry D, Wang Q, Lu Q, Yu JC, Zeng Z. Photocatalysis with atomically thin sheets. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7687-7706. [PMID: 37877319 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin sheets (e.g., graphene and monolayer molybdenum disulfide) are ideal optical and reaction platforms. They provide opportunities for deciphering some important and often elusive photocatalytic phenomena related to electronic band structures and photo-charges. In parallel, in such thin sheets, fine tuning of photocatalytic properties can be achieved. These include atomic-level regulation of electronic band structures and atomic-level steering of charge separation and transfer. Herein, we review the physics and chemistry of electronic band structures and photo-charges, as well as their state-of-the-art characterization techniques, before delving into their atomic-level deciphering and mastery on the platform of atomically thin sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yingying Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 612022, South Korea
| | - Damien Voiry
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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9
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Wang T, Zhang L, Wu J, Chen M, Yang S, Lu Y, Du P. Few-Layer Fullerene Network for Photocatalytic Pure Water Splitting into H 2 and H 2 O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311352. [PMID: 37592375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A few-layer fullerene network possesses several advantageous characteristics, including a large surface area, abundant active sites, high charge mobility, and an appropriate band gap and band edge for solar water splitting. Herein, we report for the first time that the few-layer fullerene network shows interesting photocatalytic performance in pure water splitting into H2 and H2 O2 in the absence of any sacrificial reagents. Under optimal conditions, the H2 and H2 O2 evolution rates can reach 91 and 116 μmol g-1 h-1 , respectively, with good stability. This work demonstrates the novel application of the few-layer fullerene network in the field of energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Baek J, Hossain MD, Mukherjee P, Lee J, Winther KT, Leem J, Jiang Y, Chueh WC, Bajdich M, Zheng X. Synergistic effects of mixing and strain in high entropy spinel oxides for oxygen evolution reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5936. [PMID: 37741823 PMCID: PMC10517924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing stable and efficient electrocatalysts is vital for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates in sustainable hydrogen production. High-entropy oxides (HEOs) consist of five or more metal cations, providing opportunities to tune their catalytic properties toward high OER efficiency. This work combines theoretical and experimental studies to scrutinize the OER activity and stability for spinel-type HEOs. Density functional theory confirms that randomly mixed metal sites show thermodynamic stability, with intermediate adsorption energies displaying wider distributions due to mixing-induced equatorial strain in active metal-oxygen bonds. The rapid sol-flame method is employed to synthesize HEO, comprising five 3d-transition metal cations, which exhibits superior OER activity and durability under alkaline conditions, outperforming lower-entropy oxides, even with partial surface oxidations. The study highlights that the enhanced activity of HEO is primarily attributed to the mixing of multiple elements, leading to strain effects near the active site, as well as surface composition and coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Md Delowar Hossain
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Pinaki Mukherjee
- Stanford Nano Shared Facilities, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Junghwa Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kirsten T Winther
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Juyoung Leem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - William C Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Michal Bajdich
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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11
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Zi Y, Hu Y, Pu J, Wang M, Huang W. Recent Progress in Interface Engineering of Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Energy Harvesting Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208274. [PMID: 36776020 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With rapid and continuous consumption of nonrenewable energy, solar energy can be utilized to meet the energy requirement and mitigate environmental issues in the future. To attain a sustainable society with an energy mix predominately dependent on solar energy, photoelectrochemical (PEC) device, in which semiconductor nanostructure-based photocatalysts play important roles, is considered to be one of the most promising candidates to realize the sufficient utilization of solar energy in a low-cost, green, and environmentally friendly manner. Interface engineering of semiconductor nanostructures has been qualified in the efficient improvement of PEC performances including three basic steps, i.e., light absorption, charge transfer/separation, and surface catalytic reaction. In this review, recently developed interface engineering of semiconductor nanostructures for direct and high-efficiency conversion of sunlight into available forms (e.g., chemical fuels and electric power) are summarized in terms of their atomic constitution and morphology, electronic structure and promising potential for PEC applications. Extensive efforts toward the development of high-performance PEC applications (e.g., PEC water splitting, PEC photodetection, PEC catalysis, PEC degradation and PEC biosensors) are also presented and appraised. Last but not least, a brief summary and personal insights on the challenges and future directions in the community of next-generation PEC devices are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Junmei Pu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
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12
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Chen H, Xiong Y, Li J, Abed J, Wang D, Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Shakouri M, Xiao Q, Hu Y, Bals S, Sargent EH, Su CY, Yang Z. Epitaxially grown silicon-based single-atom catalyst for visible-light-driven syngas production. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1719. [PMID: 36977716 PMCID: PMC10050177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the dispersion of active sites simultaneous with the efficient harvest of photons is a key priority for photocatalysis. Crystalline silicon is abundant on Earth and has a suitable bandgap. However, silicon-based photocatalysts combined with metal elements has proved challenging due to silicon's rigid crystal structure and high formation energy. Here we report a solid-state chemistry that produces crystalline silicon with well-dispersed Co atoms. Isolated Co sites in silicon are obtained through the in-situ formation of CoSi2 intermediate nanodomains that function as seeds, leading to the production of Co-incorporating silicon nanocrystals at the CoSi2/Si epitaxial interface. As a result, cobalt-on-silicon single-atom catalysts achieve an external quantum efficiency of 10% for CO2-to-syngas conversion, with CO and H2 yields of 4.7 mol g(Co)-1 and 4.4 mol g(Co)-1, respectively. Moreover, the H2/CO ratio is tunable between 0.8 and 2. This photocatalyst also achieves a corresponding turnover number of 2 × 104 for visible-light-driven CO2 reduction over 6 h, which is over ten times higher than previously reported single-atom photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Chen
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Xiong
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Jehad Abed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Da Wang
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yueping Cao
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mohsen Shakouri
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Qunfeng Xiao
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Hu
- Canadian Light Source, Inc. (CLSI), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheng-Yong Su
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Rong H, Jia Y, Liu WW, Kumari Cheepurupalli K, English NJ, Zhang X, Bandaru S, Zhao L. Evaluation of DFT+U and HSE Frameworks for Strongly Correlated Iron Oxide. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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14
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Cortés E, Wendisch FJ, Sortino L, Mancini A, Ezendam S, Saris S, de S. Menezes L, Tittl A, Ren H, Maier SA. Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15082-15176. [PMID: 35728004 PMCID: PMC9562288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured surfaces with designed optical functionalities, such as metasurfaces, allow efficient harvesting of light at the nanoscale, enhancing light-matter interactions for a wide variety of material combinations. Exploiting light-driven matter excitations in these artificial materials opens up a new dimension in the conversion and management of energy at the nanoscale. In this review, we outline the impact, opportunities, applications, and challenges of optical metasurfaces in converting the energy of incoming photons into frequency-shifted photons, phonons, and energetic charge carriers. A myriad of opportunities await for the utilization of the converted energy. Here we cover the most pertinent aspects from a fundamental nanoscopic viewpoint all the way to applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cortés
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,
| | - Fedja J. Wendisch
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Ezendam
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Seryio Saris
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S. Menezes
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal de
Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Haoran Ren
- MQ Photonics
Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Macquarie
Park, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nano Institute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany,School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia,Department
of Phyiscs, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,
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15
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Recent Development of Nanostructured Nickel Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A Review. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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16
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Chen Z, Hoang AT, Hwang W, Seo D, Cho M, Kim YD, Yang L, Soon A, Ahn JH, Choi HJ. Vertical Conductivity and Topography in Electrostrictive Germanium Sulfide Microribbon via Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:7636-7643. [PMID: 36106948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered group IV monochalcogenides are two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials with unique crystal structures and novel physical properties. Here, we report the growth of single crystalline GeS microribbons using the chemical vapor transport process. By using conductive atomic force microscopy, we demonstrated that the conductive behavior in the vertical direction was mainly affected by the Schottky barriers between GeS and both electrodes. Furthermore, we found that the topographic and current heterogeneities were significantly different with and without illumination. The topographic deformation and current enhancement were also predicted by our density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations. Their local spatial correlation between the topographic height and current was established. By virtue of 2D fast Fourier transform power spectra, we constructed the holistic spatial correlation between the topographic and current heterogeneity that indicated the diminished correlation with illumination. These findings on layered GeS microribbons provide insights into the conductive and topographic behaviors in 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyun Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjea Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianqiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Yanchang Road 149, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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17
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Integrated p-n Junctions for Efficient Solar Water Splitting upon TiO2/CdS/BiSbS3 Ternary Hybrids for Improved Hydrogen Evolution and Mechanistic Insights. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient and novel p-n heterojunctions for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is still a challenging problem. We have demonstrated the complementary nature of (p-type) BiSbS3 as a sensitizer when coupled with (n-type) TiO2/CdS to improve the photocatalytic activity and solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency. The as-prepared p-n heterojunction TiO2/CdS/BiSbS3 exhibits good visible light harvesting capacity and high charge separation over the binary heterojunction, which are confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ternary heterojunction produces higher H2 than the binary systems TiO2/CdS and TiO2/BiSbS3. This ternary heterojunction system displayed the highest photocurrent density of 5 mA·cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in neutral conditions, and STH of 3.8% at 0.52 V vs. RHE is observed. The improved photocatalytic response was due to the favorable energy band positions of CdS and BiSbS3. This study highlights the p-n junction made up of TiO2/CdS/BiSbS3, which promises efficient charge formation, separation, and suppression of charge recombination for improved PEC water splitting efficiency. Further, no appreciable loss of activity was observed for the photoanode over 2500 s. Band alignment and interfaces mechanisms have been studied as well.
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18
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Elishav O, Stone D, Tsyganok A, Jayanthi S, Ellis DS, Yeshurun T, Maor II, Levi A, Beilin V, Shter GE, Yerushalmi R, Rothschild A, Banin U, Grader GS. Composite Indium Tin Oxide Nanofibers with Embedded Hematite Nanoparticles for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41851-41860. [PMID: 36094823 PMCID: PMC9501920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematite is a classical photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting due to its stability, performance, and low cost. However, the effect of particle size is still a question due to the charge transfer to the electrodes. In this work, we addressed this subject by the fabrication of a photoelectrode with hematite nanoparticles embedded in close contact with the electrode substrate. The nanoparticles were synthesized by a solvothermal method and colloidal stabilization with charged hydroxide molecules, and we were able to further use them to prepare electrodes for water photo-oxidation. Hematite nanoparticles were embedded within electrospun tin-doped indium oxide nanofibers. The fibrous layer acted as a current collector scaffold for the nanoparticles, supporting the effective transport of charge carriers. This method allows better contact of the nanoparticles with the substrate, and also, the fibrous scaffold increases the optical density of the photoelectrode. Electrodes based on nanofibers with embedded nanoparticles display significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical performance compared to their flat nanoparticle-based layer counterparts. This nanofiber architecture increases the photocurrent density and photon-to-current internal conversion efficiency by factors of 2 and 10, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Elishav
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - David Stone
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anton Tsyganok
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Swetha Jayanthi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S. Ellis
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Tamir Yeshurun
- Faculty
of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Itzhak I. Maor
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Adar Levi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vadim Beilin
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Gennady E. Shter
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Roie Yerushalmi
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avner Rothschild
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute
of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon S. Grader
- The
Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003 Israel
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19
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Yang F, Jin R, Jiang D. High spatial resolution imaging of the charge injection yield at hematite using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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20
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Apriandanu DOB, Nomura S, Nakayama S, Tateishi C, Amano F. Effect of two-step annealing on photoelectrochemical properties of hydrothermally prepared Ti-doped Fe2O3 films. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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The Influence of Magnetic Field and Nanoparticle Concentration on the Thin Film Colloidal Deposition Process of Magnetic Nanoparticles: The Search for High-Efficiency Hematite Photoanodes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101636. [PMID: 35630858 PMCID: PMC9146261 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematite is considered a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, and the literature has shown that the photoanode production process has an impact on the final efficiency of hydrogen generation. Among the methods used to process hematite photoanode, we can highlight the thin films from the colloidal deposition process of magnetic nanoparticles. This technique leads to the production of high-performance hematite photoanode. However, little is known about the influence of the magnetic field and heat treatment parameters on the final properties of hematite photoanodes. Here, we will evaluate those processing parameters in the morphology and photoelectrochemical properties of nanostructured hematite anodes. The analysis of thickness demonstrated a relationship between the magnetic field and nanoparticles concentration utilized to prepare the thin films, showing that the higher magnetic fields decrease the thickness. The Jabs results corroborate to influence the magnetic field since the use of a higher magnetic field decreases the deposited material amount, consequently decreasing the absorption of the thin films. The PEC measurements showed that at higher concentrations, the use of higher magnetic fields increases the JPH values, and lower magnetic fields cause a decrease in JPH when using the higher nanoparticle concentrations.
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22
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Solution chemistry back-contact FTO/hematite interface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Berardi S, Cristino V, Bignozzi CA, Grandi S, Caramori S. Hematite-based photoelectrochemical interfaces for solar fuel production. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Lyu S, Younis MA, Liu Z, Zeng L, Peng X, Yang B, Li Z, Lei L, Hou Y. Rational design on photoelectrodes and devices to boost photoelectrochemical performance of solar-driven water splitting: a mini review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Franklin GF, Balocchi A, Taberna PL, Barnabe A, Barbosa JB, Blei M, Tongay S, Marie X, Urita K, Chane-Ching JY. Mitigation of Edge and Surface States Effects in Two-Dimensional WS 2 for Photocatalytic H 2 Generation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200169. [PMID: 35230739 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large scale development of the 2D transition metal di-chalcogenides (TMDC) relies on landmark improvement in performance, which could emerge from nanostructuration. Using p-WS2 nanoflakes with different degrees of exfoliation and fracturing, perspectives were provided to develop high-surface-area 2D p-WS2 films for the photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The critical role of inter-nanoflakes contacts within high-surface-area 2D films was demonstrated, highlighting the benefit of plane/plane versus edge/plane contacts. Evidence of the high density of surface states displayed by these 2D films was provided through electrochemical measurements. In addition to operating as recombination centers, the surface states were shown to give rise to deleterious Fermi-level pinning (FLP), which dramatically decreased the efficiency of charge carrier separation. Lastly, promising strategies yielding FLP suppression via surface states modification were proposed. In particular, use of a multifunctional ultrathin film displaying healing, catalytic, and n-type semiconduction properties was shown to greatly enhance charge carrier separation and transport to the photo-electrode/electrolyte interface. When the 2D photoelectrodes were fabricated with the above prerequisites (i. e., a high proportion of plane/plane contacts and a successful surface states chemical modification), a photocurrent up to 4.5 mA cm-2 was achieved for the first time on 2D p-WS2 photocathodes for hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Balocchi
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Taberna
- UPS, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Barnabe
- UPS, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Juliana Barros Barbosa
- UPS, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Mark Blei
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Xavier Marie
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, 135 Av. Rangueil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Koki Urita
- Department of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jean Yves Chane-Ching
- UPS, CNRS, CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse, France
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26
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Chen R, Fan F, Li C. Unraveling Charge-Separation Mechanisms in Photocatalyst Particles by Spatially Resolved Surface Photovoltage Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117567. [PMID: 35100475 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of solar energy offers a potential route to renewable energy, and its efficiency relies on effective charge separation in nanostructured photocatalysts. Understanding the charge-separation mechanism is key to improving the photocatalytic performance and this has now been enabled by advances in the spatially resolved surface photovoltage (SRSPV) method. In this Review we highlight progress made by SRSPV in mapping charge distributions at the nanoscale and determining the driving forces of charge separation in heterogeneous photocatalyst particles. We discuss how charge separation arising from a built-in electric field, diffusion, and trapping can be exploited and optimized through photocatalyst design. We also highlight the importance of asymmetric engineering of photocatalysts for effective charge separation. Finally, we provide an outlook on further opportunities that arise from leveraging these insights to guide the rational design of photocatalysts and advance the imaging technique to expand the knowledge of charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian, 116023, China
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27
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Kang K, Zhang H, Kim JH, Byun WJ, Lee JS. An in situ fluorine and ex situ titanium two-step co-doping strategy for efficient solar water splitting by hematite photoanodes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1659-1667. [PMID: 36134374 PMCID: PMC9418710 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00029f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A unique two-step co-doping strategy of in situ fluorine doping followed by ex situ titanium doping enhances the performance of the hematite photoanode in photoelectrochemical water splitting much more effectively than single-step co-doping strategies that are either all in situ or all ex situ. The optimized fluorine, titanium co-doped Fe2O3 photoanode without any cocatalyst achieves 1.61 mA cm-2 at 1.23 VRHE under 100 mW cm-2 solar irradiation, which is ∼2 and 3 times those of titanium or fluorine singly-doped Fe2O3 photoanodes, respectively. The promotional effect is attributed to the synergy of the two dopants, in which the doped fluorine anion substitutes oxygen of Fe2O3 to increase the positive charges of iron sites, while the doped titanium cation substitutes iron to increase free electrons. Moreover, excess titanium on the surface suppresses the drain of in situ doped fluorine and agglomeration of hematite during the high-temperature annealing process, and passivates the surface trap states to further promote the synergy effects of the two dopants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungwoong Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hemin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Byun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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28
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Amara U, Rashid S, Mahmood K, Nawaz MH, Hayat A, Hassan M. Insight into prognostics, diagnostics, and management strategies for SARS CoV-2. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8059-8094. [PMID: 35424750 PMCID: PMC8982343 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07988c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The foremost challenge in countering infectious diseases is the shortage of effective therapeutics. The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has posed a great menace to the public health system globally, prompting unprecedented endeavors to contain the virus. Many countries have organized research programs for therapeutics and management development. However, the longstanding process has forced authorities to implement widespread infrastructures for detailed prognostic and diagnostics study of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS CoV-2). This review discussed nearly all the globally developed diagnostic methodologies reported for SARS CoV-2 detection. We have highlighted in detail the approaches for evaluating COVID-19 biomarkers along with the most employed nucleic acid- and protein-based detection methodologies and the causes of their severe downfall and rejection. As the variable variants of SARS CoV-2 came into the picture, we captured the breadth of newly integrated digital sensing prototypes comprised of plasmonic and field-effect transistor-based sensors along with commercially available food and drug administration (FDA) approved detection kits. However, more efforts are required to exploit the available resources to manufacture cheap and robust diagnostic methodologies. Likewise, the visualization and characterization tools along with the current challenges associated with waste-water surveillance, food security, contact tracing, and their role during this intense period of the pandemic have also been discussed. We expect that the integrated data will be supportive and aid in the evaluation of sensing technologies not only in current but also future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 608000 Pakistan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rashid
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 608000 Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Maria Hassan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 608000 Pakistan
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29
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Wang Z, Gu Y, Zheng L, Hou J, Zheng H, Sun S, Wang L. Machine Learning Guided Dopant Selection for Metal Oxide-Based Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: The Case Study of Fe 2 O 3 and CuO. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106776. [PMID: 34964178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Doping is an effective strategy for tuning metal oxide-based semiconductors for solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Despite decades of extensive research effort, the dopant selection is still largely dependent on a trial-and-error approach. Machine learning (ML) is promising in providing predictable insights on the dopant selection for high-performing PEC systems because it can uncover correlations from the seemingly ambiguous linkages between vast features of dopants and the PEC performance of doped photoelectrodes. Herein, the authors successfully build ML model to predict the doping effect of 17 metal dopants into hematite (Fe2 O3 ), a prototype photoelectrode material. Their findings disclose the critical parameters from the 10 intrinsic features of each dopant. The model is further experimentally validated by the coherent prediction on Y and La dopants' behaviors. Further interpretation of the ML model suggests that the chemical state is the most significant selection criteria, meanwhile, dopants with higher metal-oxygen bond formation enthalpy and larger ionic radius are favored in improving the charge separation and transfer (CST) in the Fe2 O3 photoanodes. The generic feature of this ML guided selection criteria has been further extended to CuO-based photoelectrodes showing improved CST by alkaline metal ions doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yuang Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lingxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Huajun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, P. R. China
| | - Shijing Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Toyota Research Institute, Los Altos, CA, 94022, USA
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Nanomaterials Centre, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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30
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Ai M, Li X, Pan L, Xu X, Yang J, Zou JJ, Zhang X. Surface states modulation of hematite photoanodes for enhancing photoelectrochemical catalysis. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Huang J, Chen J, Liu W, Zhang J, Chen J, Li Y. Copper-doped zinc sulfide nanoframes with three-dimensional photocatalytic surfaces for enhanced solar driven H2 production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Labardi M, Tripathi P, Capaccioli S, Casalini R. Intermittent-contact local dielectric spectroscopy of nanostructured interfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:210002. [PMID: 35133300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac52be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Local dielectric spectroscopy (LDS) is a scanning probe method, based on dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), to discriminate dielectric properties at surfaces with nanometer-scale lateral resolution. Until now a sub-10 nm resolution for LDS has not been documented, that would give access to the length scale of fundamental physical phenomena such as the cooperativity length related to structural arrest in glass formers (2-3 nm). In this work, LDS performed by a peculiar variant of intermittent-contact mode of AFM, named constant-excitation frequency modulation, was introduced and extensively explored in order to assess its best resolution capability. Dependence of resolution and contrast of dielectric imaging and spectroscopy on operation parameters like probe oscillation amplitude and free amplitude, the resulting frequency shift, and probe/surface distance-regulation feedback gain, were explored. By using thin films of a diblock copolymer of polystyrene (PS) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), exhibiting phase separation on the nanometer scale, lateral resolution of at least 3 nm was demonstrated in both dielectric imaging and localized spectroscopy, by operating with optimized parameters. The interface within lamellar PS/PMMA was mapped, with a best width in the range between 1 and 3 nm. Changes of characteristic time of the secondary (β) relaxation process of PMMA could be tracked across the interface with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Tripathi
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Capaccioli
- CNR-IPCF, Sede Secondaria di Pisa, c/o Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Physics Department, University of Pisa, Largo Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Casalini
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, United States of America
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33
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Chen R, Fan F, Li C. Unraveling Charge‐Separation Mechanisms in Photocatalyst Particles by Spatially Resolved Surface Photovoltage Techniques. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
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34
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Pan A, Qinghui Z, Zhuang Y, Jiaxing W, Jiaying Z, Yajun W, Yuming L, Guiyuan J. Research Progress of Solar Hydrogen Production Technology under Double Carbon Target. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22080362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Baldovi HG. Optimization of α-Fe 2O 3 Nanopillars Diameters for Photoelectrochemical Enhancement of α-Fe 2O 3-TiO 2 Heterojunction. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082019. [PMID: 34443850 PMCID: PMC8399771 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is pushing the world to seek to green energy sources and hydrogen is a good candidate to substitute fossil fuels in the short term. In future, it is expected that production of hydrogen will be carried out through photo-electrocatalysis. In this way, suitable electrodes that acts as photoanode absorbing the incident light are needed to catalyse water splitting reaction. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) is one of the most attractive semiconductors for this purpose since it is a low-cost material and it has a suitable band gap of 2.1 eV, which allows the absorption of the visible region. Although, hematite has drawbacks such as low carrier mobility and short holes diffusion lengths, that here it has been tried to overcome by nanoengineering the material, and by using a semiconductor as a scaffold that enhances charge carrier separation processes in the electrode. In this work, we fabricate ultrathin quasi transparent electrodes composed by highly ordered and self-standing hematite nanopillars of a few tens of nanometers length on FTO and TiO2 supports. Photoanodes were fabricated utilizing electron beam evaporation technique and anodized aluminum oxide templates with well-defined pores diameters. Thus, the activity of the compact layer hematite photoanode is compared with the photoanodes fabricated with nanopillars of controllable diameters (i.e., 90, 260 and 400 nm) to study their influence on charge separation processes. Results indicated that optimal α-Fe2O3 photoanodes performance are obtained when nanopillars reach hundreds of nanometers in diameter, achieving for photoanodes with 400 nm nanopillars onto TiO2 supports the highest photocurrent density values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herme G Baldovi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
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36
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Scalable, highly stable Si-based metal-insulator-semiconductor photoanodes for water oxidation fabricated using thin-film reactions and electrodeposition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3982. [PMID: 34172754 PMCID: PMC8233328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures are widely used in Si-based solar water-splitting photoelectrodes to protect the Si layer from corrosion. Typically, there is a tradeoff between efficiency and stability when optimizing insulator thickness. Moreover, lithographic patterning is often required for fabricating MIS photoelectrodes. In this study, we demonstrate improved Si-based MIS photoanodes with thick insulating layers fabricated using thin-film reactions to create localized conduction paths through the insulator and electrodeposition to form metal catalyst islands. These fabrication approaches are low-cost and highly scalable, and yield MIS photoanodes with low onset potential, high saturation current density, and excellent stability. By combining this approach with a p+n-Si buried junction, further improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance is achieved with an onset potential of 0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and saturation current density of 32 mA/cm2 under simulated AM1.5G illumination. Moreover, in stability testing in 1 M KOH aqueous solution, a constant photocurrent density of ~22 mA/cm2 is maintained at 1.3 V versus RHE for 7 days. Authors demonstrate Si-based MIS photoanodes using Al thin-film reactions to create localized conduction paths through the insulator and Ni electrodeposition to form metal catalyst islands. These approaches yielded low onset potential, high saturation current density, and excellent stability.
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37
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Liu PF, Wang C, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Zheng LR, Jiang Z, Zhao H, Yang HG. Grey hematite photoanodes decrease the onset potential in photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1013-1021. [PMID: 36654246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for solar energy conversion into chemical fuels has attracted intense research attention. The semiconductor hematite (α-Fe2O3), with its earth abundance, chemical stability, and efficient light harvesting, stands out as a promising photoanode material. Unfortunately, its electron affinity is too deep for overall water splitting, requiring additional bias. Interface engineering has been used to reduce the onset potential of hematite photoelectrode. Here we focus instead on energy band engineering hematite by shrinking the crystal lattice, and the water-splitting onset potential can be decreased from 1.14 to 0.61 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. It is the lowest record reported for a pristine hematite photoanode without surface modification. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic properties suggest the redistribution of 3d electrons in the as-synthesized grey hematite electrode. Density function theory studies herein show that the smaller-lattice-constant hematite benefits from raised energy bands, which accounts for the reduced onset potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chongwu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Yuhang Li
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li-Rong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Hua-Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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38
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Zhou B, Das A, Zhong M, Guo Q, Zhang DW, Hing KA, Sobrido AJ, Titirici MM, Krause S. Photoelectrochemical imaging system with high spatiotemporal resolution for visualizing dynamic cellular responses. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 180:113121. [PMID: 33706156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical imaging has great potential in the label-free investigation of cellular processes. Herein, we report a new fast photoelectrochemical imaging system (PEIS) for DC photocurrent imaging of live cells, which combines high speed with excellent lateral resolution and high photocurrent stability, which are all crucial for studying dynamic cellular processes. An analog micromirror was adopted to raster the sensor substrate, enabling high-speed imaging. α-Fe2O3 (hematite) thin films synthesized via electrodeposition were used as a robust substrate with high photocurrent and good spatial resolution. The capabilities of this system were demonstrated by monitoring cell responses to permeabilization with Triton X-100. The ability to carry out dynamic functional imaging of multiple cells simultaneously provides improved confidence in the data than could be achieved with the slower electrochemical single-cell imaging techniques described previously. When monitoring pH changes, the PEIS can achieve frame rates of 8 frames per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anirban Das
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Muchun Zhong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Qian Guo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - De-Wen Zhang
- Institute of Medical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Karin A Hing
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ana Jorge Sobrido
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Maria-Magdalena Titirici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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39
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Sinha V, Sun D, Meijer EJ, Vlugt TJH, Bieberle-Hütter A. A multiscale modelling approach to elucidate the mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction at the hematite-water interface. Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:89-107. [PMID: 33735341 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) splitting of water to make hydrogen is a promising clean-energy technology. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) largely determines the energy efficiency in PEC water-splitting. Hematite, which is a cheap and sustainable semiconductor material with excellent chemical properties, a favourable band gap (2.1 eV) and composed of earth abundant elements is a suitable model photoanode material for studying OER. To understand the design of energy efficient anodes, it is highly desirable to have mechanistic insight into OER at an atomistic level which can be directly connected to experimentally measured quantities. We present a multiscale computational model of OER which connects the thermodynamics and kinetics of elementary charge transfer reactions in OER to kinetics of OER at laboratory length and time scales. We couple density functional theory (DFT) and DFT based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations with solvent effects at an atomistic level with kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations at a coarse-grained level in our multiscale model. The time and applied bias potential dependent surface coverage, which are experimentally not known, and the O2 evolution rate during OER at the hematite-water interface are calculated by the multiscale model. Furthermore, the multiscale model demonstrates the effect of explicitly modelling the interaction of water with the electrode surface via direct adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sinha
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), de Zaale 20, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ, The Netherlands. and Process and Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft, 2628CB, The Netherlands.
| | - D Sun
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J Meijer
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modelling, van' t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J H Vlugt
- Process and Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft, 2628CB, The Netherlands.
| | - A Bieberle-Hütter
- Electrochemical Materials and Interfaces, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), de Zaale 20, Eindhoven, 5612 AJ, The Netherlands.
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40
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Chen F, Ma T, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Huang H. Atomic-Level Charge Separation Strategies in Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005256. [PMID: 33501728 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis as a productive technology furnishes a prospective solution to environmental and renewable energy issues, but its efficiency greatly relies on the effective bulk and surface separation of photoexcited charge carriers. Exploitation of atomic-level strategies allows in-depth understanding on the related mechanisms and enables bottom-up precise design of photocatalysts, significantly enhancing photocatalytic activity. Herein, the advances on atomic-level charge separation strategies toward developing robust photocatalysts are highlighted, elucidating the fundamentals of charge separation and transfer processes and advanced probing techniques. The atomic-level bulk charge separation strategies, embodied by regulation of charge movement pathway and migration dynamic, boil down to shortening the charge diffusion distance to the atomic-scale, establishing atomic-level charge transfer channels, and enhancing the charge separation driving force. Meanwhile, regulating the in-plane surface structure and spatial surface structure are summarized as atomic-level surface charge separation strategies. Moreover, collaborative strategies for simultaneous manipulation of bulk and surface photocharges are also introduced. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects for fabrication of state-of-the-art photocatalysts are discussed on the basis of a thorough comprehension of atomic-level charge separation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle (UON), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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41
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Farokh Payam A, Biglarbeigi P, Morelli A, Lemoine P, McLaughlin J, Finlay D. Data acquisition and imaging using wavelet transform: a new path for high speed transient force microscopy. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:383-398. [PMID: 36131753 PMCID: PMC9417248 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The unique ability of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to image, manipulate and characterize materials at the nanoscale has made it a remarkable tool in nanotechnology. In dynamic AFM, acquisition and processing of the photodetector signal originating from probe-sample interaction is a critical step in data analysis and measurements. However, details of such interaction including its nonlinearity and dynamics of the sample surface are limited due to the ultimately bounded bandwidth and limited time scales of data processing electronics of standard AFM. Similarly, transient details of the AFM probe's cantilever signal are lost due to averaging of data by techniques which correlate the frequency spectrum of the captured data with a temporally invariant physical system. Here, we introduce a fundamentally new approach for dynamic AFM data acquisition and imaging based on applying the wavelet transform on the data stream from the photodetector. This approach provides the opportunity for exploration of the transient response of the cantilever, analysis and imaging of the dynamics of amplitude and phase of the signals captured from the photodetector. Furthermore, it can be used for the control of AFM which would yield increased imaging speed. Hence the proposed method opens a pathway for high-speed transient force microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
| | - Pardis Biglarbeigi
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
| | - Alessio Morelli
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
| | - Patrick Lemoine
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
| | - James McLaughlin
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
| | - Dewar Finlay
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University Jordanstown Shore Road Northern Ireland BT37 0QB UK
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Subramanyam P, Deepa M, Raavi SSK, Misawa H, Biju V, Subrahmanyam C. A photoanode with plasmonic nanoparticles of earth abundant bismuth for photoelectrochemical reactions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5591-5599. [PMID: 36133886 PMCID: PMC9417614 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of technologies has been developed for producing hydrogen economically and in greener ways. Photoelectrochemical water splitting using photoelectrodes submerged in a bath electrolyte forms a major route of hydrogen evolution. The efficacy of water splitting is improved by sensitizing metal oxide photoelectrodes with narrow bandgap semiconductors that efficiently absorb sunlight and generate and transport charge carriers. Here we show that the efficiencies of photocurrent generation and photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution by the binary TiO2/Sb2S3 anode increase by an order of magnitude upon the incorporation of the earth-abundant plasmonic bismuth nanoparticles into it. The ternary electrode TiO2/Bi nanoparticle/Sb2S3 illuminated with sunlight provides us with a photocurrent density as high as 4.21 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V, which is fourfold greater than that of the binary electrode and tenfold greater than that of pristine TiO2. By using bismuth nanoparticles, we estimate the incident photon to current conversion efficiency at 31% and solar power conversion efficiency at 3.85%. Here the overall impact of bismuth nanoparticles is attributed to increases in the open-circuit voltage (860 mV), which is by expediting the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Sb2S3 nanoparticles to the TiO2 electrode, and short-circuit current (9.54 mA cm-2), which is by the plasmonic nearfield effect. By combining the cost-effective plasmonic bismuth nanoparticles with the narrow bandgap Sb2S3 on the TiO2 electrode, we develop a stable, ternary photoanode and accomplish high-efficiency photocurrent generation and hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palyam Subramanyam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kandi Hyderabad India-502285
| | - Melepurath Deepa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kandi Hyderabad India-502285
| | | | - Hiroaki Misawa
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University Taiwan
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University N20 W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University N20 W10 Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0020 Japan
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Selopal GS, Mohammadnezhad M, Besteiro LV, Cavuslar O, Liu J, Zhang H, Navarro‐Pardo F, Liu G, Wang M, Durmusoglu EG, Acar HY, Sun S, Zhao H, Wang ZM, Rosei F. Synergistic Effect of Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Nanotubes in Quantum Dots/TiO 2 for Optoelectronic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001864. [PMID: 33101875 PMCID: PMC7578890 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, a facile approach to enhance the performance of solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is described by means of the synergistic effects of a hybrid network of plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) decorated on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The device based on TiO2-Au:CNTs hybrid network sensitized with colloidal CdSe/(CdSe x S1- x )5/(CdS)1 core/alloyed shell quantum dots (QDs) yields a saturated photocurrent density of 16.10 ± 0.10 mA cm-2 [at 1.0 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] under 1 sun illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2), which is ≈26% higher than the control device. The in-depth mechanism behind this significant improvement is revealed through a combined experimental and theoretical analysis for QDs/TiO2-Au:CNTs hybrid network and demonstrates the multifaceted impact of plasmonic Au NPs and CNTs: i) hot-electron injection from Au NPs into CNTs and TiO2; ii) near-field enhancement of the QDs absorption and carrier generation/separation processes by the plasmonic Au NPs; iii) enhanced photoinjected electron transport due to the highly directional pathways offered by CNTs. These results provide fundamental insights on the properties of QDs/TiO2-Au:CNTs hybrid network, and highlights the possibility to improve the performance of other solar technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Mahyar Mohammadnezhad
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Ozge Cavuslar
- Department of ChemistryKoc UniversityRumelifeneri Yolu, SariyerIstanbul34450Turkey
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Hui Zhang
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Fabiola Navarro‐Pardo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Guiju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐Textiles & College of PhysicsQingdao UniversityNo. 308 Ningxia RoadQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Maorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐Textiles & College of PhysicsQingdao UniversityNo. 308 Ningxia RoadQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Emek G. Durmusoglu
- Department of ChemistryKoc UniversityRumelifeneri Yolu, SariyerIstanbul34450Turkey
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Department of ChemistryKoc UniversityRumelifeneri Yolu, SariyerIstanbul34450Turkey
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐Fibers and Eco‐Textiles & College of PhysicsQingdao UniversityNo. 308 Ningxia RoadQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Zhiming M. Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054P. R. China
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre ÉnergieMatériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherché Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuébecJ3X 1S2Canada
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CuO enhances the photocatalytic activity of Fe2O3 through synergistic reactive oxygen species interactions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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Nahalka I, Zwaschka G, Campen RK, Marchioro A, Roke S. Mapping Electrochemical Heterogeneity at Gold Surfaces: A Second Harmonic Imaging Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:20021-20034. [PMID: 35693431 PMCID: PMC9182208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient catalysts requires correlating surface structure and local chemical composition with reactivity on length scales from nanometers to tens of microns. While much work has been done on this structure/function correlation on single crystals, comparatively little has been done for catalysts of relevance in applications. Such materials are typically highly heterogeneous and thus require methods that allow mapping of the structure/function relationship during electrochemical conversion. Here, we use optical second harmonic imaging combined with cyclic voltammetry to map the surface of gold nanocrystalline and polycrystalline electrodes during electrooxidation and to quantify the spatial extent of surface reconstruction during potential cycling. The wide-field configuration of our microscope allows for real-time imaging of an area ∼100 μm in diameter with submicron resolution. By analyzing the voltage dependence of each pixel, we uncover the heterogeneity of the second harmonic signal and quantify the fraction of domains where it follows a positive quadratic dependence with increasing bias. There, the second harmonic intensity is mainly ascribed to electronic polarization contributions at the metal/electrolyte interface. Additionally, we locate areas where the second harmonic signal follows a negative quadratic dependence with increasing bias, which also show the largest changes during successive cyclic voltammetry sweeps as determined by an additional correlation coefficient analysis. We assign these areas to domains of higher roughness that are prone to potential-induced surface restructuring and where anion adsorption occurs at lower potentials than expected based on the cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nahalka
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Zwaschka
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Kramer Campen
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Marchioro
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang H, Li D, Byun WJ, Wang X, Shin TJ, Jeong HY, Han H, Li C, Lee JS. Gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction photoanode improves both photocurrents and turn-on voltage for solar water splitting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4622. [PMID: 32934221 PMCID: PMC7493915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematite has a great potential as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting by converting solar energy into hydrogen fuels, but the solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of state-of-the-art hematite photoelectrodes are still far below the values required for practical hydrogen production. Here, we report a core-shell formation of gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunction nanorods by combination of hydrothermal regrowth strategy and hybrid microwave annealing, which enhances the photocurrent density and reduces the turn-on voltage simultaneously. The unusual bi-functional effects originate from the passivation of the surface states and intrinsic built-in electric field by the homojunction formation. The additional driving force provided by the field can effectively suppress charge–carrier recombination both in the bulk and on the surface of hematite, especially at lower potentials. Moreover, the synthesized homojunction shows a remarkable synergy with NiFe(OH)x cocatalyst with significant additional improvements of photocurrent density and cathodic shift of turn-on voltage. The work has nicely demonstrated multiple collaborative strategies of gradient doping, homojunction formation, and cocatalyst modification, and the concept could shed light on designing and constructing the efficient nanostructures of semiconductor photoelectrodes in the field of solar energy conversion. Solar-to-fuel conversion represents a renewable means to harvest sunlight, but the most efficient materials are often expensive or rare. Here, authors demonstrate gradient tantalum-doped hematite homojunctions as a method to improve photoelectrochemical water splitting performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Zhang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Woo Jin Byun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China.
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongxian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Zhongshan Road 457, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Bhalla N, Pan Y, Yang Z, Payam AF. Opportunities and Challenges for Biosensors and Nanoscale Analytical Tools for Pandemics: COVID-19. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7783-7807. [PMID: 32551559 PMCID: PMC7319134 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors and nanoscale analytical tools have shown huge growth in literature in the past 20 years, with a large number of reports on the topic of 'ultrasensitive', 'cost-effective', and 'early detection' tools with a potential of 'mass-production' cited on the web of science. Yet none of these tools are commercially available in the market or practically viable for mass production and use in pandemic diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this context, we review the technological challenges and opportunities of current bio/chemical sensors and analytical tools by critically analyzing the bottlenecks which have hindered the implementation of advanced sensing technologies in pandemic diseases. We also describe in brief COVID-19 by comparing it with other pandemic strains such as that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) for the identification of features that enable biosensing. Moreover, we discuss visualization and characterization tools that can potentially be used not only for sensing applications but also to assist in speeding up the drug discovery and vaccine development process. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging monitoring mechanism, namely wastewater-based epidemiology, for early warning of the outbreak, focusing on sensors for rapid and on-site analysis of SARS-CoV2 in sewage. To conclude, we provide holistic insights into challenges associated with the quick translation of sensing technologies, policies, ethical issues, technology adoption, and an overall outlook of the role of the sensing technologies in pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37
0QB Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Healthcare
Technology Hub, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield
Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37
0QB Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Healthcare
Technology Hub, Ulster University, Shore Road, BT37 0QB Jordanstown, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
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48
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Yu W, Fu HJ, Mueller T, Brunschwig BS, Lewis NS. Atomic force microscopy: Emerging illuminated and operando techniques for solar fuel research. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:020902. [PMID: 32668946 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated photoelectrochemical devices rely on the synergy between components to efficiently generate sustainable fuels from sunlight. The micro- and/or nanoscale characteristics of the components and their interfaces often control critical processes of the device, such as charge-carrier generation, electron and ion transport, surface potentials, and electrocatalysis. Understanding the spatial properties and structure-property relationships of these components can provide insight into designing scalable and efficient solar fuel components and systems. These processes can be probed ex situ or in situ with nanometer-scale spatial resolution using emerging scanning-probe techniques based on atomic force microscopy (AFM). In this Perspective, we summarize recent developments of AFM-based techniques relevant to solar fuel research. We review recent progress in AFM for (1) steady-state and dynamic light-induced surface photovoltage measurements; (2) nanoelectrical conductive measurements to resolve charge-carrier heterogeneity and junction energetics; (3) operando investigations of morphological changes, as well as surface electrochemical potentials, currents, and photovoltages in liquids. Opportunities for research include: (1) control of ambient conditions for performing AFM measurements; (2) in situ visualization of corrosion and morphological evolution of electrodes; (3) operando AFM techniques to allow nanoscale mapping of local catalytic activities and photo-induced currents and potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Yu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Harold J Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Bruker Nano Surfaces, 112 Robin Hill Road, Santa Barbara, California 93111, USA
| | - Bruce S Brunschwig
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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49
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Zwaschka G, Nahalka I, Marchioro A, Tong Y, Roke S, Campen RK. Imaging the Heterogeneity of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Gold Electrodes Operando: Activity is Highly Local. ACS Catal 2020; 10:6084-6093. [PMID: 32551180 PMCID: PMC7295367 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the oxidative half of electrolytic
water splitting, has proven challenging. Perhaps the largest hurdle
has been gaining experimental insight into the active site of the
electrocatalyst used to facilitate this chemistry. Decades of study
have clarified that a range of transition-metal oxides have particularly
high catalytic activity for the OER. Unfortunately, for virtually
all of these materials, metal oxidation and the OER occur at similar
potentials. As a result, catalyst surface topography and electronic
structure are expected to continuously evolve under reactive conditions.
Gaining experimental insight into the OER mechanism on such materials
thus requires a tool that allows spatially resolved characterization
of the OER activity. In this study, we overcome this formidable experimental
challenge using second harmonic microscopy and electrochemical methods
to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of OER activity on polycrystalline
Au working electrodes. At moderately anodic potentials, we find that
the OER activity of the electrode is dominated by <1% of the surface
area and that there are two types of active sites. The first is observed
at potentials positive of the OER onset and is stable under potential
cycling (and thus presumably extends multiple layers into the bulk
gold electrode). The second occurs at potentials negative of the OER
onset and is removed by potential cycling (suggesting that it involves
a structural motif only 1–2 Au layers deep). This type of active
site is most easily understood as the catalytically active species
(hydrous oxide) in the so-called incipient hydrous oxide/adatom mediator
model of electrocatalysis. Combining the ability we demonstrate here
to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of OER activity with a systematic
program of electrode surface structural modification offers the possibility
of creating a generation of OER electrocatalysts with unusually high
activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Zwaschka
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Nahalka
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering (IBI) and Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Marchioro
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering (IBI) and Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yujin Tong
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory for Fundamental BioPhotonics, Institutes of Bioengineering (IBI) and Materials Science and Engineering (IMX), School of Engineering (STI), and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. Kramer Campen
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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50
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Zhang Z, Nagashima H, Tachikawa T. Ultra‐Narrow Depletion Layers in a Hematite Mesocrystal‐Based Photoanode for Boosting Multihole Water Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagashima
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Present address: Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakuraku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center Kobe University 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku Kobe 657-8501 Japan
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