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Roelse M, Krasteva N, Pawlizak S, Mai MK, Jongsma MA. Tongue-on-a-Chip: Parallel Recording of Sweet and Bitter Receptor Responses to Sequential Injections of Pure and Mixed Sweeteners. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15854-15864. [PMID: 38951504 PMCID: PMC11261611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
A microfluidic tongue-on-a-chip platform has been evaluated relative to the known sensory properties of various sweeteners. Analogous metrics of typical sensory features reported by human panels such as sweet taste thresholds, onset, and lingering, as well as bitter off-flavor and blocking interactions were deduced from the taste receptor activation curves and then compared. To this end, a flow cell containing a receptor cell array bearing the sweet and six bitter taste receptors was transiently exposed to pure and mixed sweetener samples. The sample concentration gradient across time was separately characterized by the injection of fluorescein dye. Subsequently, cellular calcium responses to different doses of advantame, aspartame, saccharine, and sucrose were overlaid with the concentration gradient. Parameters describing the response kinetics compared to the gradient were quantified. Advantame at 15 μM recorded a significantly faster sweetness onset of 5 ± 2 s and a longer lingering time of 39 s relative to sucrose at 100 mM with an onset of 13 ± 2 s and a lingering time of 6 s. Saccharine was shown to activate the bitter receptors TAS2R8, TAS2R31, and TAS2R43, confirming its known off-flavor, whereas addition of cyclamate reduced or blocked this saccharine bitter response. The potential of using this tongue-on-a-chip to bridge the gap with in vitro assays and taste panels is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet Roelse
- BU
Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadejda Krasteva
- Stuttgart
Laboratory 2, Sony Semiconductor Solutions Europe, Sony Europe B.V., Zweigniederlassung Deutschland,
Hedelfinger Str. 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steve Pawlizak
- Stuttgart
Laboratory 2, Sony Semiconductor Solutions Europe, Sony Europe B.V., Zweigniederlassung Deutschland,
Hedelfinger Str. 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michaela K. Mai
- Stuttgart
Laboratory 2, Sony Semiconductor Solutions Europe, Sony Europe B.V., Zweigniederlassung Deutschland,
Hedelfinger Str. 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maarten A. Jongsma
- BU
Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Frei MS, Mehta S, Zhang J. Next-Generation Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors Illuminate Cell Signaling and Metabolism. Annu Rev Biophys 2024; 53:275-297. [PMID: 38346245 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-030722-021359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have revolutionized the study of cell signaling and metabolism, as they allow for live-cell measurements with high spatiotemporal resolution. This success has spurred the development of tailor-made biosensors that enable the study of dynamic phenomena on different timescales and length scales. In this review, we discuss different approaches to enhancing and developing new biosensors. We summarize the technologies used to gain structural insights into biosensor design and comment on useful screening technologies. Furthermore, we give an overview of different applications where biosensors have led to key advances over recent years. Finally, we give our perspective on where future work is bound to make a large impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Frei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; , ,
| | - Sohum Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; , ,
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; , ,
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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3
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Leong LM, Storace DA. Imaging different cell populations in the mouse olfactory bulb using the genetically encoded voltage indicator ArcLight. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033402. [PMID: 38288247 PMCID: PMC10823906 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are protein-based optical sensors that allow for measurements from genetically defined populations of neurons. Although in vivo imaging in the mammalian brain with early generation GEVIs was difficult due to poor membrane expression and low signal-to-noise ratio, newer and more sensitive GEVIs have begun to make them useful for answering fundamental questions in neuroscience. We discuss principles of imaging using GEVIs and genetically encoded calcium indicators, both useful tools for in vivo imaging of neuronal activity, and review some of the recent mechanistic advances that have led to GEVI improvements. We provide an overview of the mouse olfactory bulb (OB) and discuss recent studies using the GEVI ArcLight to study different cell types within the bulb using both widefield and two-photon microscopy. Specific emphasis is placed on using GEVIs to begin to study the principles of concentration coding in the OB, how to interpret the optical signals from population measurements in the in vivo brain, and future developments that will push the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Min Leong
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Douglas A. Storace
- Florida State University, Department of Biological Science, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Program in Neuroscience, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Florida State University, Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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4
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Inderwiedenstraße L, Kienitz MC. Angiotensin receptors and α 1B-adrenergic receptors regulate native IK (ACh) and phosphorylation-deficient GIRK4 (S418A) channels through different PKC isoforms. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1041-1064. [PMID: 38658400 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02966-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Signaling of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels is an important mechanism of the parasympathetic regulation of the heart rate and cardiac excitability. GIRK channels are inhibited during stimulation of Gq-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) by depletion of phosphatidyl-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and/or channel phosphorylation by protein kinase C (PKC). The GqPCR-dependent modulation of GIRK currents in terms of specific PKC isoform activation was analyzed in voltage-clamp experiments in rat atrial myocytes and in CHO or HEK 293 cells. By using specific PKC inhibitors, we identified the receptor-activated PKC isoforms that contribute to phenylephrine- and angiotensin-induced GIRK channel inhibition. We demonstrate that the cPKC isoform PKCα significantly contributes to GIRK inhibition during stimulation of wildtype α1B-adrenergic receptors (α1B-ARs). Deletion of the α1B-AR serine residues S396 and S400 results in a preferential regulation of GIRK activity by PKCβ. As a novel finding, we report that the AT1-receptor-induced GIRK inhibition depends on the activation of the nPKC isoform PKCε whereas PKCα and PKCβ do not mainly participate in the angiotensin-mediated GIRK reduction. Expression of the dominant negative (DN) PKCε prolonged the onset of GIRK inhibition and significantly reduced AT1-R desensitization, indicating that PKCε regulates both GIRK channel activity and the strength of the receptor signal via a negative feedback mechanism. The serine residue S418 represents an important phosphorylation site for PKCε in the GIRK4 subunit. To analyze the functional impact of this PKC phosphorylation site for receptor-specific GIRK channel modulation, we monitored the activity of a phosphorylation-deficient (GIRK4 (S418A)) GIRK4 channel mutant during stimulation of α1B-ARs or AT1-receptors. Mutation of S418 did not impede α1B-AR-mediated GIRK inhibition, suggesting that S418 within the GIRK4 subunit is not subject to PKCα-induced phosphorylation. Furthermore, activation of angiotensin receptors induced pronounced GIRK4 (S418A) channel inhibition, excluding that this phosphorylation site contributes to the AT1-R-induced GIRK reduction. Instead, phosphorylation of S418 has a facilitative effect on GIRK activity that was abolished in the GIRK4 (S418A) mutant. To summarize, the present study shows that the receptor-dependent regulation of atrial GIRK channels is attributed to the GqPCR-specific activation of different PKC isoforms. Receptor-specific activated PKC isoforms target distinct phosphorylation sites within the GIRK4 subunit, resulting in differential regulation of GIRK channel activity with either facilitative or inhibitory effects on GIRK currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Inderwiedenstraße
- Department for Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie-Cécile Kienitz
- Department for Cellular and Translational Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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5
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Sakamoto M, Yokoyama T. Probing neuronal activity with genetically encoded calcium and voltage fluorescent indicators. Neurosci Res 2024:S0168-0102(24)00076-2. [PMID: 38885881 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring neural activity in individual neurons is crucial for understanding neural circuits and brain functions. The emergence of optical imaging technologies has dramatically transformed the field of neuroscience, enabling detailed observation of large-scale neuronal populations with both cellular and subcellular resolution. This transformation will be further accelerated by the integration of these imaging technologies and advanced big data analysis. Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators to detect neural activity with high signal-to-noise ratios are pivotal in this advancement. In recent years, these indicators have undergone significant developments, greatly enhancing the understanding of neural dynamics and networks. This review highlights the recent progress in genetically encoded calcium and voltage indicators and discusses the future direction of imaging techniques with big data analysis that deepens our understanding of the complexities of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Tatsushi Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Barbuti PA. A-Syn(ful) MAM: A Fresh Perspective on a Converging Domain in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6525. [PMID: 38928232 PMCID: PMC11203789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disease of an unknown origin. Despite that, decades of research have provided considerable evidence that alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is central to the pathogenesis of disease. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are functional domains formed at contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, with a well-established function of MAMs being the control of lipid homeostasis within the cell. Additionally, there are numerous proteins localized or enriched at MAMs that have regulatory roles in several different molecular signaling pathways required for cellular homeostasis, such as autophagy and neuroinflammation. Alterations in several of these signaling pathways that are functionally associated with MAMs are found in PD. Taken together with studies that find αSyn localized at MAMs, this has implicated MAM (dys)function as a converging domain relevant to PD. This review will highlight the many functions of MAMs and provide an overview of the literature that finds αSyn, in addition to several other PD-related proteins, localized there. This review will also detail the direct interaction of αSyn and αSyn-interacting partners with specific MAM-resident proteins. In addition, recent studies exploring new methods to investigate MAMs will be discussed, along with some of the controversies regarding αSyn, including its several conformations and subcellular localizations. The goal of this review is to highlight and provide insight on a domain that is incompletely understood and, from a PD perspective, highlight those complex interactions that may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying PD, which may lead to the targeted development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Barbuti
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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7
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Boto T, Tomchik SM. Functional Imaging of Learning-Induced Plasticity in the Central Nervous System with Genetically Encoded Reporters in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2024; 2024:pdb.top107799. [PMID: 37197830 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Learning and memory allow animals to adjust their behavior based on the predictive value of their past experiences. Memories often exist in complex representations, spread across numerous cells and synapses in the brain. Studying relatively simple forms of memory provides insights into the fundamental processes that underlie multiple forms of memory. Associative learning occurs when an animal learns the relationship between two previously unrelated sensory stimuli, such as when a hungry animal learns that a particular odor is followed by a tasty reward. Drosophila is a particularly powerful model to study how this type of memory works. The fundamental principles are widely shared among animals, and there is a wide range of genetic tools available to study circuit function in flies. In addition, the olfactory structures that mediate associative learning in flies, such as the mushroom body and its associated neurons, are anatomically organized, relatively well-characterized, and readily accessible to imaging. Here, we review the olfactory anatomy and physiology of the olfactory system, describe how plasticity in the olfactory pathway mediates learning and memory, and explain the general principles underlying calcium imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Boto
- Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seth M Tomchik
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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8
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Schnaitmann C, Pagni M, Meyer PB, Steinhoff L, Oberhauser V, Reiff DF. Horizontal-cell like Dm9 neurons in Drosophila modulate photoreceptor output to supply multiple functions in early visual processing. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1347540. [PMID: 38813436 PMCID: PMC11133737 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1347540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dm9 neurons in Drosophila have been proposed as functional homologs of horizontal cells in the outer retina of vertebrates. Here we combine genetic dissection of neuronal circuit function, two-photon calcium imaging in Dm9 and inner photoreceptors, and immunohistochemical analysis to reveal novel insights into the functional role of Dm9 in early visual processing. Our experiments show that Dm9 receive input from all four types of inner photoreceptor R7p, R7y, R8p, and R8y. Histamine released from all types R7/R8 directly inhibits Dm9 via the histamine receptor Ort, and outweighs simultaneous histamine-independent excitation of Dm9 by UV-sensitive R7. Dm9 in turn provides inhibitory feedback to all R7/R8, which is sufficient for color-opponent processing in R7 but not R8. Color opponent processing in R8 requires additional synaptic inhibition by R7 of the same ommatidium via axo-axonal synapses and the second Drosophila histamine receptor HisCl1. Notably, optogenetic inhibition of Dm9 prohibits color opponent processing in all types of R7/R8 and decreases intracellular calcium in photoreceptor terminals. The latter likely results from reduced release of excitatory glutamate from Dm9 and shifts overall photoreceptor sensitivity toward higher light intensities. In summary, our results underscore a key role of Dm9 in color opponent processing in Drosophila and suggest a second role of Dm9 in regulating light adaptation in inner photoreceptors. These novel findings on Dm9 are indeed reminiscent of the versatile functions of horizontal cells in the vertebrate retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schnaitmann
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Pagni
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrik B. Meyer
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Steinhoff
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vitus Oberhauser
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dierk F. Reiff
- Department for Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Martinez-Sielva A, Vicente M, Salgado-Almario J, Garcia-Blazquez A, Domingo B, Llopis J. Suppression of Contraction Raises Calcium Ion Levels in the Heart of Zebrafish Larvae. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:219. [PMID: 38785693 PMCID: PMC11118826 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish larvae have emerged as a valuable model for studying heart physiology and pathophysiology, as well as for drug discovery, in part thanks to its transparency, which simplifies microscopy. However, in fluorescence-based optical mapping, the beating of the heart results in motion artifacts. Two approaches have been employed to eliminate heart motion during calcium or voltage mapping in zebrafish larvae: the knockdown of cardiac troponin T2A and the use of myosin inhibitors. However, these methods disrupt the mechano-electric and mechano-mechanic coupling mechanisms. We have used ratiometric genetically encoded biosensors to image calcium in the beating heart of intact zebrafish larvae because ratiometric quantification corrects for motion artifacts. In this study, we found that halting heart motion by genetic means (injection of tnnt2a morpholino) or chemical tools (incubation with para-aminoblebbistatin) leads to bradycardia, and increases calcium levels and the size of the calcium transients, likely by abolishing a feedback mechanism that connects contraction with calcium regulation. These outcomes were not influenced by the calcium-binding domain of the gene-encoded biosensors employed, as biosensors with a modified troponin C (Twitch-4), calmodulin (mCyRFP1-GCaMP6f), or the photoprotein aequorin (GFP-aequorin) all yielded similar results. Cardiac contraction appears to be an important regulator of systolic and diastolic Ca2+ levels, and of the heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Beatriz Domingo
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (M.V.); (J.S.-A.); (A.G.-B.)
| | - Juan Llopis
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/Almansa 14, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.M.-S.); (M.V.); (J.S.-A.); (A.G.-B.)
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10
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Matsuda T, Sakai S, Okazaki KI, Nagai T. Improvement of the Green-Red Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Ca 2+ Indicator by Using the Green Fluorescent Protein, Gamillus, with a Trans Chromophore as the Donor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1743-1748. [PMID: 38515268 PMCID: PMC11059083 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
To monitor the Ca2+ dynamics in cells, various genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators (GECIs) based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent proteins are widely used for live imaging. Conventionally, cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins have been often used as FRET pairs. Meanwhile, bathochromically shifted indicators with green and red fluorescent protein pairs have various advantages, such as low toxicity and autofluorescence in cells. However, it remains difficult to develop them with a similar level of dynamic range as cyan and yellow fluorescent protein pairs. To improve this, we used Gamillus, which has a unique trans-configuration chromophore, as a green fluorescent protein. Based on one of the best high-dynamic-range GECIs, Twitch-NR, we developed a GECI with 1.5-times higher dynamic range (253%), Twitch-GmRR, using RRvT as a red fluorescent protein. Twitch-GmRR had high brightness and photostability and was successfully applied for imaging the Ca2+ dynamics in live cells. Our results suggest that Gamillus with trans-type chromophores contributes to improving the dynamic range of GECIs. Therefore, selection of the cis-trans isomer of the chromophore may be a fundamental approach to improve the dynamic range of green-red FRET indicators, unlimited by GECIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Matsuda
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kei-ichi Okazaki
- Research
Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate
Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takeharu Nagai
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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11
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Jensen GC, Janis MK, Nguyen HN, David OW, Zastrow ML. Fluorescent Protein-Based Sensors for Detecting Essential Metal Ions across the Tree of Life. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1622-1643. [PMID: 38587931 PMCID: PMC11073808 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Genetically encoded fluorescent metal ion sensors are powerful tools for elucidating metal dynamics in living systems. Over the last 25 years since the first examples of genetically encoded fluorescent protein-based calcium indicators, this toolbox of probes has expanded to include other essential and non-essential metal ions. Collectively, these tools have illuminated fundamental aspects of metal homeostasis and trafficking that are crucial to fields ranging from neurobiology to human nutrition. Despite these advances, much of the application of metal ion sensors remains limited to mammalian cells and tissues and a limited number of essential metals. Applications beyond mammalian systems and in vivo applications in living organisms have primarily used genetically encoded calcium ion sensors. The aim of this Perspective is to provide, with the support of historical and recent literature, an updated and critical view of the design and use of fluorescent protein-based sensors for detecting essential metal ions in various organisms. We highlight the historical progress and achievements with calcium sensors and discuss more recent advances and opportunities for the detection of other essential metal ions. We also discuss outstanding challenges in the field and directions for future studies, including detecting a wider variety of metal ions, developing and implementing a broader spectral range of sensors for multiplexing experiments, and applying sensors to a wider range of single- and multi-species biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Makena K Janis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Hazel N Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ogonna W David
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Melissa L Zastrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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12
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Ung DC, Pietrancosta N, Badillo EB, Raux B, Tapken D, Zlatanovic A, Doridant A, Pode-Shakked B, Raas-Rothschild A, Elpeleg O, Abu-Libdeh B, Hamed N, Papon MA, Marouillat S, Thépault RA, Stevanin G, Elegheert J, Letellier M, Hollmann M, Lambolez B, Tricoire L, Toutain A, Hepp R, Laumonnier F. GRID1/GluD1 homozygous variants linked to intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia impair mGlu1/5 receptor signaling and excitatory synapses. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1205-1215. [PMID: 38418578 PMCID: PMC11176079 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The ionotropic glutamate delta receptor GluD1, encoded by the GRID1 gene, is involved in synapse formation, function, and plasticity. GluD1 does not bind glutamate, but instead cerebellin and D-serine, which allow the formation of trans-synaptic bridges, and trigger transmembrane signaling. Despite wide expression in the nervous system, pathogenic GRID1 variants have not been characterized in humans so far. We report homozygous missense GRID1 variants in five individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families presenting with intellectual disability and spastic paraplegia, without (p.Thr752Met) or with (p.Arg161His) diagnosis of glaucoma, a threefold phenotypic association whose genetic bases had not been elucidated previously. Molecular modeling and electrophysiological recordings indicated that Arg161His and Thr752Met mutations alter the hinge between GluD1 cerebellin and D-serine binding domains and the function of this latter domain, respectively. Expression, trafficking, physical interaction with metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1, and cerebellin binding of GluD1 mutants were not conspicuously altered. Conversely, upon expression in neurons of dissociated or organotypic slice cultures, we found that both GluD1 mutants hampered metabotropic glutamate receptor mGlu1/5 signaling via Ca2+ and the ERK pathway and impaired dendrite morphology and excitatory synapse density. These results show that the clinical phenotypes are distinct entities segregating in the families as an autosomal recessive trait, and caused by pathophysiological effects of GluD1 mutants involving metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling and neuronal connectivity. Our findings unravel the importance of GluD1 receptor signaling in sensory, cognitive and motor functions of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dévina C Ung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
- Laboratoire des biomolécules, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Brigitt Raux
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Tapken
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andjela Zlatanovic
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Doridant
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Annick Raas-Rothschild
- The Institute for Rare Diseases, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Makassed Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nasrin Hamed
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hahsomer, 5262000, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287 CNRS EPHE, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Michael Hollmann
- Department of Biochemistry I - Receptor Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lambolez
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France.
- Unité fonctionnelle de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044, Tours, France.
| | - Régine Hepp
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Laumonnier
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37032, Tours, France.
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37044, Tours, France.
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Ma C, Mohr JM, Lauer G, Metternich JT, Neutsch K, Ziebarth T, Reiner A, Kruss S. Ratiometric Imaging of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters with Nanosensors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2400-2407. [PMID: 38345220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are important signaling molecules in the brain and are relevant in many diseases. Measuring them with high spatial and temporal resolutions in biological systems is challenging. Here, we develop a ratiometric fluorescent sensor/probe for catecholamine neurotransmitters on the basis of near-infrared (NIR) semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based quantum defects are incorporated into them to interact selectively with catechol moieties. These PBA-SWCNTs are further modified with poly(ethylene glycol) phospholipids (PEG-PL) for biocompatibility. Catecholamines, including dopamine, do not affect the intrinsic E11 fluorescence (990 nm) of these (PEG-PL-PBA-SWCNT) sensors. In contrast, the defect-related E11* emission (1130 nm) decreases by up to 35%. Furthermore, this dual functionalization allows tuning selectivity by changing the charge of the PEG polymer. These sensors are not taken up by cells, which is beneficial for extracellular imaging, and they are functional in brain slices. In summary, we use dual functionalization of SWCNTs to create a ratiometric biosensor for dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maria Mohr
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - German Lauer
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - Justus Tom Metternich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia 47057, Germany
| | - Krisztian Neutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - Tim Ziebarth
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia 44801, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia 47057, Germany
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14
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Salgado-Almario J, Molina Y, Vicente M, Martínez-Sielva A, Rodríguez-García R, Vincent P, Domingo B, Llopis J. ERG potassium channels and T-type calcium channels contribute to the pacemaker and atrioventricular conduction in zebrafish larvae. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14075. [PMID: 38071417 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIM Bradyarrhythmias result from inhibition of automaticity, prolonged repolarization, or slow conduction in the heart. The ERG channels mediate the repolarizing current IKr in the cardiac action potential, whereas T-type calcium channels (TTCC) are involved in the sinoatrial pacemaker and atrioventricular conduction in mammals. Zebrafish have become a valuable research model for human cardiac electrophysiology and disease. Here, we investigate the contribution of ERG channels and TTCCs to the pacemaker and atrioventricular conduction in zebrafish larvae and determine the mechanisms causing atrioventricular block. METHODS Zebrafish larvae expressing ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+ biosensors in the heart were used to measure Ca2+ levels and rhythm in beating hearts in vivo, concurrently with contraction and hemodynamics. The atrioventricular delay (the time between the start of atrial and ventricular Ca2+ transients) was used to measure impulse conduction velocity and distinguished between slow conduction and prolonged refractoriness as the cause of the conduction block. RESULTS ERG blockers caused bradycardia and atrioventricular block by prolonging the refractory period in the atrioventricular canal and in working ventricular myocytes. In contrast, inhibition of TTCCs caused bradycardia and second-degree block (Mobitz type I) by slowing atrioventricular conduction. TTCC block did not affect ventricular contractility, despite being highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. Concomitant measurement of Ca2+ levels and ventricular size showed mechano-mechanical coupling: increased preload resulted in a stronger heart contraction in vivo. CONCLUSION ERG channels and TTCCs influence the heart rate and atrioventricular conduction in zebrafish larvae. The zebrafish lines expressing Ca2+ biosensors in the heart allow us to investigate physiological feedback mechanisms and complex arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussep Salgado-Almario
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Yillcer Molina
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel Vicente
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Sielva
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Raúl Rodríguez-García
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Pierre Vincent
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Beatriz Domingo
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Juan Llopis
- Physiology and Cell Dynamics, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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15
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Rusakov DA. Avoiding bias in fluorescence sensor readout. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:1-2. [PMID: 37950075 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri A Rusakov
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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16
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Ghosh S, Dahiya M, Kumar A, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Calcium imaging: a technique to monitor calcium dynamics in biological systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1777-1811. [PMID: 38222278 PMCID: PMC10784449 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a multifaceted signaling molecule that acts as an important second messenger. During the course of evolution, plants and animals have developed Ca2+ signaling in order to respond against diverse stimuli, to regulate a large number of physiological and developmental pathways. Our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and its components in physiological phenomena ranging from lower to higher organisms, and from single cell to multiple tissues has grown exponentially. The generation of Ca2+ transients or signatures for various stress factor is a well-known mechanism adopted in plant and animal systems. However, the decoding of such remarkable signatures is an uphill task and is always an interesting goal for the scientific community. In the past few decades, studies on the concentration and dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ are significantly increasing and have become a trend in modern biology. The advancement in approaches from Ca2+ binding dyes to in vivo Ca2+ imaging through the use of Ca2+ biosensors to achieve spatio-temporal resolution in micro and milliseconds range, provide us phenomenal opportunities to study live cell Ca2+ imaging or dynamics. Here, we describe the usage, improvement and advancement of Ca2+ based dyes, genetically encoded probes and sensors to achieve extraordinary Ca2+ imaging in plants and animals. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Monika Dahiya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
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17
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Liu L, Yoon CW, Yuan Z, Guo T, Qu Y, He P, Yu X, Zhu Z, Limsakul P, Wang Y. Cellular and molecular imaging of CAR-T cell-based immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115135. [PMID: 37931847 PMCID: PMC11052581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a transformative therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies. However, its efficacy in treating solid tumors remains limited. An in-depth and comprehensive understanding of CAR-T cell signaling pathways and the ability to track CAR-T cell biodistribution and activation in real-time within the tumor microenvironment will be instrumental in designing the next generation of CAR-T cells for solid tumor therapy. This review summarizes the signaling network and the cellular and molecular imaging tools and platforms that are utilized in CAR-T cell-based immune therapies, covering both in vitro and in vivo studies. Firstly, we provide an overview of the existing understanding of the activation and cytotoxic mechanisms of CAR-T cells, compared to the mechanism of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways. We further describe the commonly employed tools for live cell imaging, coupled with recent research progress, with a focus on genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs) and biosensors. We then discuss the utility of diverse in vivo imaging modalities, including fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, for noninvasive monitoring of CAR-T cell dynamics within tumor tissues, thereby providing critical insights into therapy's strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and future directions of CAR-T cell therapy from the imaging perspective. We foresee that a comprehensive and integrative approach to CAR-T cell imaging will enable the development of more effective treatments for solid tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Liu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Chi Woo Yoon
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Tianze Guo
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yunjia Qu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peixiang He
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Xi Yu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Praopim Limsakul
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science and Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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18
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Jin Z, Lakshmanan A, Zhang R, Tran TA, Rabut C, Dutka P, Duan M, Hurt RC, Malounda D, Yao Y, Shapiro MG. Ultrasonic reporters of calcium for deep tissue imaging of cellular signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566364. [PMID: 37986929 PMCID: PMC10659314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging has enabled major biological discoveries. However, the scattering of light by tissue limits the use of standard fluorescent calcium indicators in living animals. To address this limitation, we introduce the first genetically encoded ultrasonic reporter of calcium (URoC). Based on a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, we engineered URoC to produce elevated nonlinear ultrasound signal upon binding to calcium ions. With URoC expressed in mammalian cells, we demonstrate noninvasive ultrasound imaging of calcium signaling in vivo during drug-induced receptor activation. URoC brings the depth and resolution advantages of ultrasound to the in vivo imaging of dynamic cellular function and paves the way for acoustic biosensing of a broader variety of biological signals.
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19
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Mavrommatis L, Zaben A, Kindler U, Kienitz MC, Dietz J, Jeong HW, Böhme P, Brand-Saberi B, Vorgerd M, Zaehres H. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in LGMD2A/R1 Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem and Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:9246825. [PMID: 38020204 PMCID: PMC10653971 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9246825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of Calpain 3 (CAPN3) mutations cause recessive forms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD2A/LGMDR1) with selective atrophy of the proximal limb muscles. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from a patient with two mutations in exon 3 and exon 4 at the calpain 3 locus (W130C, 550delA). Two different strategies to rescue these mutations are devised: (i) on the level of LGMD2A-iPSC, we combined CRISPR/Cas9 genome targeting with a FACS and Tet transactivator-based biallelic selection strategy, which resulted in a new functional chimeric exon 3-4 without the two CAPN3 mutations. (ii) On the level of LGMD2A-iPSC-derived CD82+/Pax7+ myogenic progenitor cells, we demonstrate CRISPR/Cas9 mediated rescue of the highly prevalent exon 4 CAPN3 mutation. The first strategy specifically provides isogenic LGMD2A corrected iPSC for disease modelling, and the second strategy can be further elaborated for potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Mavrommatis
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Abdul Zaben
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Urs Kindler
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie-Cécile Kienitz
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Cellular Physiology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julienne Dietz
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
- Witten/Herdecke University, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Sequencing Core Facility, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Pierre Böhme
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology with Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Institute of Anatomy, Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 48149 Münster, Germany
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20
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Bousso P, Grandjean CL. Immunomodulation under the lens of real-time in vivo imaging. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249921. [PMID: 37051691 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of cells and molecules of the immune system not only represents a major opportunity to treat a variety of diseases including infections, cancer, autoimmune, and inflammatory disorders but could also help understand the intricacies of immune responses. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how a specific immune intervention may provide clinical benefit is essential for the rational design of efficient immunomodulators. Visualizing the impact of immunomodulation in real-time and in vivo has emerged as an important approach to achieve this goal. In this review, we aim to illustrate how multiphoton intravital imaging has helped clarify the mode of action of immunomodulatory strategies such as antibodies or cell therapies. We also discuss how optogenetics combined with imaging will further help manipulate and precisely understand immunomodulatory pathways. Combined with other single-cell technologies, in vivo dynamic imaging has therefore a major potential for guiding preclinical development of immunomodulatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Bousso
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Capucine L Grandjean
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1223, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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21
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McCracken S, Fitzpatrick MJ, Hall AL, Wang Z, Kerschensteiner D, Morgan JL, Williams PR. Diversity in homeostatic calcium set points predicts retinal ganglion cell survival following optic nerve injury in vivo. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113165. [PMID: 37751356 PMCID: PMC10947246 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration drives vision loss in blinding conditions. RGC death is often triggered by axon degeneration in the optic nerve. Here, we study the contributions of dynamic and homeostatic Ca2+ levels to RGC death from axon injury. We find that axonal Ca2+ elevations from optic nerve injury do not propagate over distance or reach RGC somas, and acute and chronic Ca2+ dynamics do not affect RGC survival. Instead, we discover that baseline Ca2+ levels vary widely between RGCs and predict their survival after axon injury, and that lowering these levels reduces RGC survival. Further, we find that well-surviving RGC types have higher baseline Ca2+ levels than poorly surviving types. Finally, we observe considerable variation in the baseline Ca2+ levels of different RGCs of the same type, which are predictive of within-type differences in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCracken
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Fitzpatrick
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Allison L Hall
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Postbaccalaureate Program in Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zelun Wang
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Kerschensteiner
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Josh L Morgan
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip R Williams
- John F. Hardesty, MD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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22
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Valiente-Gabioud AA, Garteizgogeascoa Suñer I, Idziak A, Fabritius A, Basquin J, Angibaud J, Nägerl UV, Singh SP, Griesbeck O. Fluorescent sensors for imaging of interstitial calcium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6220. [PMID: 37798285 PMCID: PMC10556026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium in interstitial fluids is central to systemic physiology and a crucial ion pool for entry into cells through numerous plasma membrane channels. Its study has been limited by the scarcity of methods that allow monitoring in tight inter-cell spaces of living tissues. Here we present high performance ultra-low affinity genetically encoded calcium biosensors named GreenT-ECs. GreenT-ECs combine large fluorescence changes upon calcium binding and binding affinities (Kds) ranging from 0.8 mM to 2.9 mM, making them tuned to calcium concentrations in extracellular organismal fluids. We validated GreenT-ECs in rodent hippocampal neurons and transgenic zebrafish in vivo, where the sensors enabled monitoring homeostatic regulation of tissue interstitial calcium. GreenT-ECs may become useful for recording very large calcium transients and for imaging calcium homeostasis in inter-cell structures in live tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Valiente-Gabioud
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Inés Garteizgogeascoa Suñer
- Institute de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 Route de Lennik, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agata Idziak
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arne Fabritius
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jérome Basquin
- Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Julie Angibaud
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - U Valentin Nägerl
- Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Synaptic Plasticity and Super-Resolution Microscopy, CNRS - Université de Bordeaux - 146 rue Léo-Saignat, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- Institute de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 Route de Lennik, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Tools for Bio-Imaging, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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23
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Barroso M, Monaghan MG, Niesner R, Dmitriev RI. Probing organoid metabolism using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM): The next frontier of drug discovery and disease understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115081. [PMID: 37647987 PMCID: PMC10543546 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoid models have been used to address important questions in developmental and cancer biology, tissue repair, advanced modelling of disease and therapies, among other bioengineering applications. Such 3D microenvironmental models can investigate the regulation of cell metabolism, and provide key insights into the mechanisms at the basis of cell growth, differentiation, communication, interactions with the environment and cell death. Their accessibility and complexity, based on 3D spatial and temporal heterogeneity, make organoids suitable for the application of novel, dynamic imaging microscopy methods, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and related decay time-assessing readouts. Several biomarkers and assays have been proposed to study cell metabolism by FLIM in various organoid models. Herein, we present an expert-opinion discussion on the principles of FLIM and PLIM, instrumentation and data collection and analysis protocols, and general and emerging biosensor-based approaches, to highlight the pioneering work being performed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Michael G Monaghan
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 02, Ireland
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional In Vivo Imaging, Freie Universität Berlin and Biophysical Analytics, German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Light Microscopy Core, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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24
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Valiente-Gabioud AA, Fabritius A, Griesbeck O. Probing the interstitial calcium compartment. J Physiol 2023; 601:4217-4226. [PMID: 36073135 DOI: 10.1113/jp279510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium in interstitial fluids is a crucial ion pool for entry into cells through a plethora of calcium-permeable channels. It is also sensed actively by dedicated receptors. While the mechanisms of global calcium homeostasis and regulation in body fluids appear well understood, more efforts and new technology are needed to elucidate local calcium handling in the small and relatively isolated interstitial spaces between cells. Here we review current methodology for monitoring interstitial calcium and highlight the potential of new approaches for its study. In particular, new generations of high-performance low-affinity genetically encoded calcium indicators could allow imaging of calcium in relatively inaccessible intercellular structures in live tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Valiente-Gabioud
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence (i.F.), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Arne Fabritius
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence (i.F.), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Griesbeck
- Tools for Bio-Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Intelligence (i.F.), Martinsried, Germany
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25
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Hellweg L, Edenhofer A, Barck L, Huppertz MC, Frei MS, Tarnawski M, Bergner A, Koch B, Johnsson K, Hiblot J. A general method for the development of multicolor biosensors with large dynamic ranges. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1147-1157. [PMID: 37291200 PMCID: PMC10449634 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors enable the study of cell physiology with spatiotemporal resolution; yet, most biosensors suffer from relatively low dynamic ranges. Here, we introduce a family of designed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs with near-quantitative FRET efficiencies based on the reversible interaction of fluorescent proteins with a fluorescently labeled HaloTag. These FRET pairs enabled the straightforward design of biosensors for calcium, ATP and NAD+ with unprecedented dynamic ranges. The color of each of these biosensors can be readily tuned by changing either the fluorescent protein or the synthetic fluorophore, which enables simultaneous monitoring of free NAD+ in different subcellular compartments following genotoxic stress. Minimal modifications of these biosensors furthermore allow their readout to be switched to fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime or bioluminescence. These FRET pairs thus establish a new concept for the development of highly sensitive and tunable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Edenhofer
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Barck
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus-Carsten Huppertz
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle S Frei
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Koch
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Sadoine M, De Michele R, Župunski M, Grossmann G, Castro-Rodríguez V. Monitoring nutrients in plants with genetically encoded sensors: achievements and perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:195-216. [PMID: 37307576 PMCID: PMC10469547 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of nutrient allocation in organisms requires precise knowledge of the spatiotemporal dynamics of small molecules in vivo. Genetically encoded sensors are powerful tools for studying nutrient distribution and dynamics, as they enable minimally invasive monitoring of nutrient steady-state levels in situ. Numerous types of genetically encoded sensors for nutrients have been designed and applied in mammalian cells and fungi. However, to date, their application for visualizing changing nutrient levels in planta remains limited. Systematic sensor-based approaches could provide the quantitative, kinetic information on tissue-specific, cellular, and subcellular distributions and dynamics of nutrients in situ that is needed for the development of theoretical nutrient flux models that form the basis for future crop engineering. Here, we review various approaches that can be used to measure nutrients in planta with an overview over conventional techniques, as well as genetically encoded sensors currently available for nutrient monitoring, and discuss their strengths and limitations. We provide a list of currently available sensors and summarize approaches for their application at the level of cellular compartments and organelles. When used in combination with bioassays on intact organisms and precise, yet destructive analytical methods, the spatiotemporal resolution of sensors offers the prospect of a holistic understanding of nutrient flux in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Sadoine
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Roberto De Michele
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Milan Župunski
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Institute of Cell and Interaction Biology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
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27
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Pilotto F, Douthwaite C, Diab R, Ye X, Al Qassab Z, Tietje C, Mounassir M, Odriozola A, Thapa A, Buijsen RAM, Lagache S, Uldry AC, Heller M, Müller S, van Roon-Mom WMC, Zuber B, Liebscher S, Saxena S. Early molecular layer interneuron hyperactivity triggers Purkinje neuron degeneration in SCA1. Neuron 2023; 111:2523-2543.e10. [PMID: 37321222 PMCID: PMC10431915 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxic proteinaceous deposits and alterations in excitability and activity levels characterize vulnerable neuronal populations in neurodegenerative diseases. Using in vivo two-photon imaging in behaving spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (Sca1) mice, wherein Purkinje neurons (PNs) degenerate, we identify an inhibitory circuit element (molecular layer interneurons [MLINs]) that becomes prematurely hyperexcitable, compromising sensorimotor signals in the cerebellum at early stages. Mutant MLINs express abnormally elevated parvalbumin, harbor high excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic density, and display more numerous synaptic connections on PNs, indicating an excitation/inhibition imbalance. Chemogenetic inhibition of hyperexcitable MLINs normalizes parvalbumin expression and restores calcium signaling in Sca1 PNs. Chronic inhibition of mutant MLINs delayed PN degeneration, reduced pathology, and ameliorated motor deficits in Sca1 mice. Conserved proteomic signature of Sca1 MLINs, shared with human SCA1 interneurons, involved the higher expression of FRRS1L, implicated in AMPA receptor trafficking. We thus propose that circuit-level deficits upstream of PNs are one of the main disease triggers in SCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pilotto
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Douthwaite
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rim Diab
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - XiaoQian Ye
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Zahraa Al Qassab
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Tietje
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Meriem Mounassir
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Aishwarya Thapa
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronald A M Buijsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Lagache
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Christine Uldry
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heller
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Müller
- Flow Cytometry and Cell sorting, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Benoît Zuber
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; University Hospital Cologne, Deptartment of Neurology, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Smita Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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28
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Tai YH, Engels D, Locatelli G, Emmanouilidis I, Fecher C, Theodorou D, Müller SA, Licht-Mayer S, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, de Mello NP, Gkotzamani SN, Trovò L, Kendirli A, Aljović A, Breckwoldt MO, Naumann R, Bareyre FM, Perocchi F, Mahad D, Merkler D, Lichtenthaler SF, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Targeting the TCA cycle can ameliorate widespread axonal energy deficiency in neuroinflammatory lesions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1364-1381. [PMID: 37430025 PMCID: PMC10447243 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation in the central nervous system can impair the function of neuronal mitochondria and contributes to axon degeneration in the common neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we combine cell-type-specific mitochondrial proteomics with in vivo biosensor imaging to dissect how inflammation alters the molecular composition and functional capacity of neuronal mitochondria. We show that neuroinflammatory lesions in the mouse spinal cord cause widespread and persisting axonal ATP deficiency, which precedes mitochondrial oxidation and calcium overload. This axonal energy deficiency is associated with impaired electron transport chain function, but also an upstream imbalance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, with several, including key rate-limiting, enzymes being depleted in neuronal mitochondria in experimental models and in MS lesions. Notably, viral overexpression of individual TCA enzymes can ameliorate the axonal energy deficits in neuroinflammatory lesions, suggesting that TCA cycle dysfunction in MS may be amendable to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Tai
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Engels
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Locatelli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ioanna Emmanouilidis
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Fecher
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Delphine Theodorou
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Licht-Mayer
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sofia-Natsouko Gkotzamani
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Laura Trovò
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arek Kendirli
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Almir Aljović
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Transgenic Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florence M Bareyre
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Don Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University & University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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29
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Baudet S, Zagar Y, Roche F, Gomez-Bravo C, Couvet S, Bécret J, Belle M, Vougny J, Uthayasuthan S, Ros O, Nicol X. Subcellular second messenger networks drive distinct repellent-induced axon behaviors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3809. [PMID: 37369692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Second messengers, including cAMP, cGMP and Ca2+ are often placed in an integrating position to combine the extracellular cues that orient growing axons in the developing brain. This view suggests that axon repellents share the same set of cellular messenger signals and that axon attractants evoke opposite cAMP, cGMP and Ca2+ changes. Investigating the confinement of these second messengers in cellular nanodomains, we instead demonstrate that two repellent cues, ephrin-A5 and Slit1, induce spatially segregated signals. These guidance molecules activate subcellular-specific second messenger crosstalk, each signaling network controlling distinct axonal morphology changes in vitro and pathfinding decisions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Baudet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Yvrick Zagar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Roche
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Gomez-Bravo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Couvet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Johann Bécret
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Belle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Vougny
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - Oriol Ros
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, F-75012, Paris, France.
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30
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Cho E, Woo Y, Suh Y, Suh BK, Kim SJ, Nhung TTM, Yoo JY, Nghi TD, Lee SB, Mun DJ, Park SK. Ratiometric measurement of MAM Ca 2+ dynamics using a modified CalfluxVTN. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3586. [PMID: 37328454 PMCID: PMC10276021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is a structure where these calcium-regulating organelles form close physical contact sites for efficient Ca2+ crosstalk. Despite the central importance of MAM Ca2+ dynamics in diverse biological processes, directly and specifically measuring Ca2+ concentrations inside MAM is technically challenging. Here, we develop MAM-Calflux, a MAM-specific BRET-based Ca2+ indicator. The successful application of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) concept highlights Ca2+-responsive BRET signals in MAM. The BiFC strategy imparts dual functionality as a Ca2+ indicator and quantitative structural marker specific for MAM. As a ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, MAM-Calflux estimates steady-state MAM Ca2+ levels. Finally, it enables the visualization of uneven intracellular distribution of MAM Ca2+ and the elucidation of abnormally accumulated MAM Ca2+ from the neurons of Parkinson's disease mouse model in both steady-state and stimulated conditions. Therefore, we propose that MAM-Calflux can be a versatile tool for ratiometrically measuring dynamic inter-organellar Ca2+ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeong Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Zhu Y, Liu S, Zigmond J, Kaltenbronn KM, Blumer KJ, Moeller KD. A Building Block Approach for the Total Synthesis of YM-385781. European J Org Chem 2023; 26:e202300365. [PMID: 38188369 PMCID: PMC10766104 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202300365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
YM-254890 and FR900359 are potent and selective inhibitors of the Gq/11-signaling pathway. As such, they have been attractive targets for both synthesis and biological studies. Yet in spite of this effort, a versatile synthetic approach to the molecules that allows for the rapid construction of a variety of non-natural and labelled analogs and an increase in the amount of those analogs available remains elusive. We report here a convergent building block approach to the molecules that can solve this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Siyue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Johnny Zigmond
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Kevin M Kaltenbronn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130
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32
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Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Mojtahedi N, Kamari F, Claassen M, Garaschuk O. Neuronal silence as a prosurvival factor for adult-born olfactory bulb interneurons. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1182-1195. [PMID: 37116486 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-born cells, arriving daily into the rodent olfactory bulb, either integrate into the neural circuitry or get eliminated. However, whether these two populations differ in their morphological or functional properties remains unclear. Using longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging, we monitored dendritic morphogenesis, odor-evoked responsiveness, ongoing Ca2+ signaling, and survival/death of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons (abJGNs). We found that the maturation of abJGNs is accompanied by a significant reduction in dendritic complexity, with surviving and subsequently eliminated cells showing similar degrees of dendritic remodeling. Surprisingly, ∼63% of eliminated abJGNs acquired odor responsiveness before death, with amplitudes and time courses of odor-evoked responses similar to those recorded in surviving cells. However, the subsequently eliminated cell population exhibited significantly higher ongoing Ca2+ signals, with a difference visible even 10 days before death. Quantitative supervised machine learning analysis revealed a relationship between the abJGNs' activity and survival probability, with low neuronal activity being supportive for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farzin Kamari
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Claassen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Liu S, Kumari S, He H, Mishra P, Singh BN, Singh D, Liu S, Srivastava P, Li C. Biosensors integrated 3D organoid/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 231:115285. [PMID: 37058958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
As a full-fidelity simulation of human cells, tissues, organs, and even systems at the microscopic scale, Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) has significant ethical advantages and development potential compared to animal experiments. The need for the design of new drug high-throughput screening platforms and the mechanistic study of human tissues/organs under pathological conditions, the evolving advances in 3D cell biology and engineering, etc., have promoted the updating of technologies in this field, such as the iteration of chip materials and 3D printing, which in turn facilitate the connection of complex multi-organs-on-chips for simulation and the further development of technology-composite new drug high-throughput screening platforms. As the most critical part of organ-on-a-chip design and practical application, verifying the success of organ model modeling, i.e., evaluating various biochemical and physical parameters in OOC devices, is crucial. Therefore, this paper provides a logical and comprehensive review and discussion of the advances in organ-on-a-chip detection and evaluation technologies from a broad perspective, covering the directions of tissue engineering scaffolds, microenvironment, single/multi-organ function, and stimulus-based evaluation, and provides a more comprehensive review of the progress in the significant organ-on-a-chip research areas in the physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shikha Kumari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hongyi He
- West China School of Medicine & West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Parichita Mishra
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhisham Narayan Singh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divakar Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sutong Liu
- Juxing College of Digital Economics, Haikou University of Economics, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, China.
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Li K, Figarella K, Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Gorzolka J, Neher JJ, Mojtahedi N, Casadei N, Hedrich UBS, Garaschuk O. Endogenous but not sensory-driven activity controls migration, morphogenesis and survival of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:98. [PMID: 36932186 PMCID: PMC10023654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and survival of adult-born neurons are believed to be driven by sensory signaling. Here, in vivo analyses of motility, morphology and Ca2+ signaling, as well as transcriptome analyses of adult-born juxtaglomerular cells with reduced endogenous excitability (via cell-specific overexpression of either Kv1.2 or Kir2.1 K+ channels), revealed a pronounced impairment of migration, morphogenesis, survival, and functional integration of these cells into the mouse olfactory bulb, accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuations, phosphorylation of CREB and pCREB-mediated gene expression. Moreover, K+ channel overexpression strongly downregulated genes involved in neuronal migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis and upregulated apoptosis-related genes, thus locking adult-born cells in an immature and vulnerable state. Surprisingly, cells deprived of sensory-driven activity developed normally. Together, the data reveal signaling pathways connecting the endogenous intermittent neuronal activity/Ca2+ fluctuations as well as enhanced Kv1.2/Kir2.1 K+ channel function to migration, maturation, and survival of adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessika Gorzolka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Kislinger G, Niemann C, Rodriguez L, Jiang H, Fard MK, Snaidero N, Schumacher AM, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T, Schifferer M. Neurons on tape: Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy-mediated volume EM for targeting neuropathology. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 177:125-170. [PMID: 37451765 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy (ATUM), which, among other array tomography methods, substantially simplified large-scale volume electron microscopy (vEM) projects. vEM reveals biological structures at nanometer resolution in three dimensions and resolves ambiguities of two-dimensional representations. However, as the structures of interest-like disease hallmarks emerging from neuropathology-are often rare but the field of view is small, this can easily turn a vEM project into a needle in a haystack problem. One solution for this is correlated light and electron microscopy (CLEM), providing tissue context, dynamic and molecular features before switching to targeted vEM to hone in on the object's ultrastructure. This requires precise coordinate transfer between the two imaging modalities (e.g., by micro computed tomography), especially for block face vEM which relies on physical destruction of sections. With array tomography methods, serial ultrathin sections are collected into a tissue library, thus allowing storage of precious samples like human biopsies and enabling repetitive imaging at different resolution levels for an SEM-based search strategy. For this, ATUM has been developed to reliably collect serial ultrathin sections via a conveyor belt onto a plastic tape that is later mounted onto silicon wafers for serial scanning EM (SEM). The ATUM-SEM procedure is highly modular and can be divided into sample preparation, serial ultramicrotomy onto tape, mounting, serial image acquisition-after which the acquired image stacks can be used for analysis. Here, we describe the steps of this workflow and how ATUM-SEM enables targeting and high resolution imaging of specific structures. ATUM-SEM is widely applicable. To illustrate this, we exemplify the approach by reconstructions of focal pathology in an Alzheimer mouse model and CLEM of a specific cortical synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kislinger
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Niemann
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Lucia Rodriguez
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanyi Jiang
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Maryam K Fard
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Hertie institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrian-Minh Schumacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Fares J, Davis ZB, Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Miller JS, Khatua S. Advances in NK cell therapy for brain tumors. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:17. [PMID: 36792722 PMCID: PMC9932101 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment regimens that comprise surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, outcome of many brain tumors remains dismal, more so when they recur. The proximity of brain tumors to delicate neural structures often precludes complete surgical resection. Toxicity and long-term side effects of systemic therapy remain a concern. Novel therapies are warranted. The field of NK cell-based cancer therapy has grown exponentially and currently constitutes a major area of immunotherapy innovation. This provides a new avenue for the treatment of cancerous lesions in the brain. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which the brain tumor microenvironment suppresses NK cell mediated tumor control, and the methods being used to create NK cell products that subvert immune suppression. We discuss the pre-clinical studies evaluating NK cell-based immunotherapies that target several neuro-malignancies and highlight advances in molecular imaging of NK cells that allow monitoring of NK cell-based therapeutics. We review current and ongoing NK cell based clinical trials in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Zachary B Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Day-Cooney J, Dalangin R, Zhong H, Mao T. Genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for imaging neuronal dynamics in vivo. J Neurochem 2023; 164:284-308. [PMID: 35285522 PMCID: PMC11322610 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The brain relies on many forms of dynamic activities in individual neurons, from synaptic transmission to electrical activity and intracellular signaling events. Monitoring these neuronal activities with high spatiotemporal resolution in the context of animal behavior is a necessary step to achieve a mechanistic understanding of brain function. With the rapid development and dissemination of highly optimized genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, a growing number of brain activities can now be visualized in vivo. To date, cellular calcium imaging, which has been largely used as a proxy for electrical activity, has become a mainstay in systems neuroscience. While challenges remain, voltage imaging of neural populations is now possible. In addition, it is becoming increasingly practical to image over half a dozen neurotransmitters, as well as certain intracellular signaling and metabolic activities. These new capabilities enable neuroscientists to test previously unattainable hypotheses and questions. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and delivery of genetically encoded fluorescent sensors, and highlights example applications in the context of in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Day-Cooney
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Rochelin Dalangin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Haining Zhong
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tianyi Mao
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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38
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Corre B, El Janati Elidrissi Y, Duval J, Quilhot M, Lefebvre G, Ecomard S, Lemaître F, Garcia Z, Bohineust A, Russo E, Bousso P. Integration of intermittent calcium signals in T cells revealed by temporally patterned optogenetics. iScience 2023; 26:106068. [PMID: 36824271 PMCID: PMC9942117 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells become activated following one or multiple contacts with antigen-presenting cells. Calcium influx is a key signaling event elicited during these cellular interactions; however, it is unclear whether T cells recall and integrate calcium signals elicited during temporally separated contacts. To study the integration of calcium signals, we designed a programmable, multiplex illumination strategy for temporally patterned optogenetics (TEMPO). We found that a single round of calcium elevation was insufficient to promote nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity and cytokine production in a T cell line. However, robust responses were detected after a second identical stimulation even when signals were separated by several hours. Our results suggest the existence of a biochemical memory of calcium signals in T cells that favors signal integration during temporally separated contacts and promote cytokine production. As illustrated here, TEMPO is a versatile approach for dissecting temporal integration in defined signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Corre
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yassine El Janati Elidrissi
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Justine Duval
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mailys Quilhot
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Lefebvre
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Solène Ecomard
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Lemaître
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zacarias Garcia
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Armelle Bohineust
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Erica Russo
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bousso
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France,Corresponding author
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Van Thillo T, Van Deuren V, Dedecker P. Smart genetically-encoded biosensors for the chemical monitoring of living systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:520-534. [PMID: 36519509 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically-encoded biosensors provide the all-optical and non-invasive visualization of dynamic biochemical events within living systems, which has allowed the discovery of profound new insights. Twenty-five years of biosensor development has steadily improved their performance and has provided us with an ever increasing biosensor repertoire. In this feature article, we present recent advances made in biosensor development and provide a perspective on the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon Van Thillo
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Van Deuren
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Dedecker
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Das A, Margevicius D, Borovicka J, Icardi J, Patel D, Paquet ME, Dana H. Enhanced detection sensitivity of neuronal activity patterns using CaMPARI1 vs. CaMPARI2. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1055554. [PMID: 36704000 PMCID: PMC9871923 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1055554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-modulated photoactivatable ratiometric integrator (CaMPARI) is a calcium ion (Ca2+)- and light-dependent genetically encoded fluorescent activity integrator that can capture snapshots of neuronal activity through an irreversible process known as photoconversion. This unique property was previously used to label neurons based upon their tuning properties in order to map synaptic connectivity and to record large-scale neuronal activity in freely moving mice without attaching any mechanical device to them. The latest version of CaMPARI (CaMPARI2) was engineered to enhance the contrast generated by photoconverting the green protein to the activity-dependent red form and to reduce the Ca2+-independent photoconversion rate compared to the first generation of CaMPARI (CaMPARI1). However, here we show that this optimization process also resulted in reduced photoconversion efficiency of active neurons in the mouse cortex and hippocampus. Through side-by-side comparison of the two CaMPARI sensors under several experimental conditions, we show that CaMPARI1 exhibits a substantially higher red-to-green ratio in active cells than CaMPARI2. In addition, we show that CaMPARI1 also functions as a more sensitive traditional Ca2+ sensor than CaMPARI2 by producing larger activity-driven dynamic fluorescence changes in the observed neurons. Therefore, we conclude that during the optimization process of CaMPARI2, some of the sensor's characteristics were not predicted properly by in vitro screening assays, and therefore in vivo screening and validation steps should be included in future optimization attempts to increase the predictability of screening pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Das
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Margevicius
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Julie Borovicka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob Icardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Davina Patel
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Marie-Eve Paquet
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, CERVO Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Hod Dana
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Hod Dana,
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41
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Bansal S, Lin S. Transcriptional Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators in Drosophila. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2023; 2023:8-18. [PMID: 36167674 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.top107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowing which neurons are active during behavior is a crucial step toward understanding how nervous systems work. Neuronal activation is generally accompanied by an increase in intracellular calcium levels. Therefore, intracellular calcium levels are widely used as a proxy for neuronal activity. Many types of synthetic components and bioluminescent or fluorescent proteins that report transient and long-term changes in intracellular calcium levels have been developed over the past 60 years. Calcium indicators that enable imaging of the dynamic activity of a large ensemble of neurons in behaving animals have revolutionized the field of neuroscience. Among these, transcription-based genetically encoded calcium indicators (transcriptional GECIs) have proven easy to use and do not depend on sophisticated imaging systems, offering unique advantages over other types of calcium indicators. Here, we describe the two currently available fly transcriptional GECIs-calcium-dependent nuclear import of LexA (CaLexA) and transcriptional reporter of intracellular calcium (TRIC)-and review studies that have used them. In the accompanying protocol, we present step-by-step details for generating CaLexA- and TRIC-ready flies and for imaging CaLexA and TRIC signals in dissected brains after experimental manipulations of intact free-moving flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bansal
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Suewei Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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42
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Jiang Y, Ding P. Calcium signaling in plant immunity: a spatiotemporally controlled symphony. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:74-89. [PMID: 36504136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent intracellular messengers in all eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have emphasized the crucial roles of Ca2+ in plant immunity. Here, we review the latest progress on the spatiotemporal control of Ca2+ function in plant immunity. We discuss discoveries of how Ca2+ influx is triggered upon the activation of immune receptors, how Ca2+-permeable channels are activated, how Ca2+ signals are decoded inside plant cells, and how these signals are switched off. Despite recent advances, many open questions remain and we highlight the existing toolkit and the new technologies to address the outstanding questions of Ca2+ signaling in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Jiang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333, BE, The Netherlands.
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Boradia V, Frando A, Grundner C. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE15/PPE20 complex transports calcium across the outer membrane. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001906. [PMID: 36441815 PMCID: PMC9731449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which nutrients traverse the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) outer membrane remain mostly unknown and, in the absence of classical porins, likely involve specialized transport systems. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are an important nutrient and serve as a second messenger in eukaryotes, but whether bacteria have similar Ca2+ signaling systems is not well understood. To understand the basis for Ca2+ transport and signaling in Mtb, we determined Mtb's transcriptional response to Ca2+. Overall, only few genes changed expression, suggesting a limited role of Ca2+ as a transcriptional regulator. However, 2 of the most strongly down-regulated genes were the pe15 and ppe20 genes that code for members of a large family of proteins that localize to the outer membrane and comprise many intrinsically disordered proteins. PE15 and PPE20 formed a complex and PPE20 directly bound Ca2+. Ca2+-associated phenotypes such as increased ATP consumption and biofilm formation were reversed in a pe15/ppe20 knockout (KO) strain, suggesting a direct role in Ca2+ homeostasis. To test whether the PE15/PPE20 complex has a role in Ca2+ transport across the outer membrane, we created a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Ca2+ reporter strain. A pe15/ppe20 KO in the FRET background showed a specific and selective loss of Ca2+ influx that was dependent on the presence of an intact outer cell wall. These data show that PE15/PPE20 form a Ca2+-binding protein complex that selectively imports Ca2+, show a distinct transport function for an intrinsically disordered protein, and support the emerging idea of a general family-wide role of PE/PPE proteins as idiosyncratic transporters across the outer membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishant Boradia
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew Frando
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christoph Grundner
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Subach OM, Vlaskina AV, Agapova YK, Korzhenevskiy DA, Nikolaeva AY, Varizhuk AM, Subach MF, Patrushev MV, Piatkevich KD, Boyko KM, Subach FV. cNTnC and fYTnC2, Genetically Encoded Green Calcium Indicators Based on Troponin C from Fast Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314614. [PMID: 36498942 PMCID: PMC9741049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NTnC-like green fluorescent genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) with two calcium ion binding sites were constructed using the insertion of truncated troponin C (TnC) from Opsanus tau into green fluorescent proteins (GFPs). These GECIs are small proteins containing the N- and C-termini of GFP; they exert a limited effect on the cellular free calcium ion concentration; and in contrast to calmodulin-based calcium indicators they lack undesired interactions with intracellular proteins in neurons. The available TnC-based NTnC or YTnC GECIs had either an inverted response and high brightness but a limited dynamic range or a positive response and fast kinetics in neurons but lower brightness and an enhanced but still limited dF/F dynamic range. Here, we solved the crystal structure of NTnC at 2.5 Å resolution. Based on this structure, we developed positive NTnC2 and inverted iNTnC2 GECIs with a large dF/F dynamic range in vitro but very slow rise and decay kinetics in neurons. To overcome their slow responsiveness, we swapped TnC from O. tau in NTnC2 with truncated troponin C proteins from the muscles of fast animals, namely, the falcon, hummingbird, cheetah, bat, rattlesnake, and ant, and then optimized the resulting constructs using directed molecular evolution. Characterization of the engineered variants using purified proteins, mammalian cells, and neuronal cultures revealed cNTnC GECI with truncated TnC from Calypte anna (hummingbird) to have the largest dF/F fluorescence response and fast dissociation kinetics in neuronal cultures. In addition, based on the insertion of truncated TnCs from fast animals into YTnC2, we developed fYTnC2 GECI with TnC from Falco peregrinus (falcon). The purified proteins cNTnC and fYTnC2 had 8- and 6-fold higher molecular brightness and 7- and 6-fold larger dF/F responses to the increase in Ca2+ ion concentration than YTnC, respectively. cNTnC GECI was also 4-fold more photostable than YTnC and fYTnC2 GECIs. Finally, we assessed the developed GECIs in primary mouse neuronal cultures stimulated with an external electric field; in these conditions, cNTnC had a 2.4-fold higher dF/F fluorescence response than YTnC and fYTnC2 and was the same or slightly slower (1.4-fold) than fYTnC2 and YTnC in the rise and decay half-times, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana M. Subach
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anna V. Vlaskina
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Yuliya K. Agapova
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A. Korzhenevskiy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Ostrovityanova Str. 1, Bld. 10, Moscow 125367, Russia
| | - Alena Y. Nikolaeva
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Anna M. Varizhuk
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str. 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Maksim F. Subach
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Patrushev
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Kiryl D. Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Konstantin M. Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, Bld. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Fedor V. Subach
- Complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow 123182, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-196-7100-3389
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Félix Vélez NE, Gorashi RM, Aguado BA. Chemical and molecular tools to probe biological sex differences at multiple length scales. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7089-7098. [PMID: 36043366 PMCID: PMC9632480 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex differences are observed at multiple different length scales and across organ systems. Gaps in knowledge remain regarding our understanding of how molecular, cellular, and environmental factors contribute to physiological sex differences. Here, we provide our perspective on how chemical and molecular tools can be leveraged to explore sex differences in biology at the molecular, intracellular, extracellular, tissue, and organ length scales. We provide examples where chemical and molecular tools were used to explore sex differences in the cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and reproductive systems. We also provide a future outlook where chemical and molecular tools can be applied to continue investigating sex differences in biology, with the ultimate goal of addressing inequities in biomedical research and approaches to clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Félix Vélez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rayyan M Gorashi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian A Aguado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Fasciani I, Carli M, Petragnano F, Colaianni F, Aloisi G, Maggio R, Scarselli M, Rossi M. GPCRs in Intracellular Compartments: New Targets for Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1343. [PMID: 36291552 PMCID: PMC9599219 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The architecture of eukaryotic cells is defined by extensive membrane-delimited compartments, which entails separate metabolic processes that would otherwise interfere with each other, leading to functional differences between cells. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell surface receptors, and their signal transduction is traditionally viewed as a chain of events initiated from the plasma membrane. Furthermore, their intracellular trafficking, internalization, and recycling were considered only to regulate receptor desensitization and cell surface expression. On the contrary, accumulating data strongly suggest that GPCRs also signal from intracellular compartments. GPCRs localize in the membranes of endosomes, nucleus, Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum apparatuses, mitochondria, and cell division compartments. Importantly, from these sites they have shown to orchestrate multiple signals that regulate different cell pathways. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of this fascinating phenomenon, explaining how GPCRs reach the intracellular sites, are stimulated by the endogenous ligands, and their potential physiological/pathophysiological roles. Finally, we illustrate several mechanisms involved in the modulation of the compartmentalized GPCR signaling by drugs and endogenous ligands. Understanding how GPCR signaling compartmentalization is regulated will provide a unique opportunity to develop novel pharmaceutical approaches to target GPCRs and potentially lead the way towards new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fasciani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Petragnano
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesco Colaianni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gabriella Aloisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Maggio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Rossi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Xiong H, Lacin E, Ouyang H, Naik A, Xu X, Xie C, Youn J, Wilson BA, Kumar K, Kern T, Aisenberg E, Kircher D, Li X, Zasadzinski JA, Mateo C, Kleinfeld D, Hrabetova S, Slesinger PA, Qin Z. Probing Neuropeptide Volume Transmission In Vivo by Simultaneous Near-Infrared Light-Triggered Release and Optical Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206122. [PMID: 35723610 PMCID: PMC9388559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are abundant signaling molecules in the central nervous system. Yet remarkably little is known about their spatiotemporal spread and biological activity. Here, we developed an integrated optical approach using Plasmonic nAnovesicles and cell-based neurotransmitter fluorescent engineered reporter (CNiFER), or PACE, to probe neuropeptide signaling in the mouse neocortex. Small volumes (fL to pL) of exogenously supplied somatostatin-14 (SST) can be rapidly released under near-infrared light stimulation from nanovesicles implanted in the brain and detected by SST2 CNiFERs with nM sensitivity. Our measurements reveal reduced but synchronized SST transmission within 130 μm, and markedly smaller and delayed transmission at longer distances. These measurements enabled a quantitative estimation of the SST loss rate due to peptide degradation and binding. PACE offers a new tool for determining the spatiotemporal scales of neuropeptide volume transmission and signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Emre Lacin
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Aditi Naik
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Xueqi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Jonghae Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Blake A Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Krutin Kumar
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Tyler Kern
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Erin Aisenberg
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Daniel Kircher
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Celine Mateo
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sabina Hrabetova
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Paul A Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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48
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Cumberbatch D, Mori T, Yang J, Mi D, Vinson P, Weaver CD, Johnson CH. A BRET Ca 2+ sensor enables high-throughput screening in the presence of background fluorescence. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabq7618. [PMID: 35973028 PMCID: PMC9930640 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abq7618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic fluorescence of samples confounds the use of fluorescence-based sensors. This is of particular concern in high-throughput screening (HTS) applications using large chemical libraries containing intrinsically fluorescent compounds. To overcome this problem, we developed a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) Ca2+ sensor, CalfluxCTN. We demonstrated that it reliably reported changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations evoked by an agonist and an antagonist of the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 (hM1R) even in the presence of the fluorescent compound fluorescein, which interfered with a standard fluorescent HTS sensor (Fluo-8). In an HTS using a chemical library containing fluorescent compounds, CalfluxCTN accurately identified agonists and antagonists that were missed or miscategorized using Fluo-8. Moreover, we showed that a luciferase substrate that becomes activated only when inside cells generated long-lasting BRET signals in HTS, enabling results to be reliably compared among replicate samples for hours. Thus, the use of a self-luminescent sensor instead of a fluorescent sensor could facilitate the complete screening of chemical libraries in a high-throughput context and enable analysis of autofluorescent samples in many different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Cumberbatch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dehui Mi
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - C. David Weaver
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Venkataramani V, Yang Y, Schubert MC, Reyhan E, Tetzlaff SK, Wißmann N, Botz M, Soyka SJ, Beretta CA, Pramatarov RL, Fankhauser L, Garofano L, Freudenberg A, Wagner J, Tanev DI, Ratliff M, Xie R, Kessler T, Hoffmann DC, Hai L, Dörflinger Y, Hoppe S, Yabo YA, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Sahm F, Lasorella A, Slowik M, Döring L, Iavarone A, Wick W, Kuner T, Winkler F. Glioblastoma hijacks neuronal mechanisms for brain invasion. Cell 2022; 185:2899-2917.e31. [PMID: 35914528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are incurable tumors infiltrating the brain. A subpopulation of glioblastoma cells forms a functional and therapy-resistant tumor cell network interconnected by tumor microtubes (TMs). Other subpopulations appear unconnected, and their biological role remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that whole-brain colonization is fueled by glioblastoma cells that lack connections with other tumor cells and astrocytes yet receive synaptic input from neurons. This subpopulation corresponds to neuronal and neural-progenitor-like tumor cell states, as defined by single-cell transcriptomics, both in mouse models and in the human disease. Tumor cell invasion resembled neuronal migration mechanisms and adopted a Lévy-like movement pattern of probing the environment. Neuronal activity induced complex calcium signals in glioblastoma cells followed by the de novo formation of TMs and increased invasion speed. Collectively, superimposing molecular and functional single-cell data revealed that neuronal mechanisms govern glioblastoma cell invasion on multiple levels. This explains how glioblastoma's dissemination and cellular heterogeneity are closely interlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Yang
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Cicero Schubert
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekin Reyhan
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kristin Tetzlaff
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Wißmann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Botz
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Judith Soyka
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Antonio Beretta
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rangel Lyubomirov Pramatarov
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Fankhauser
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Julia Wagner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitar Ivanov Tanev
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvette Dörflinger
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Hoppe
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Martin Slowik
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leif Döring
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Neutrophils form cellular clusters or swarms in response to injury or pathogen intrusion. Yet, intracellular signaling events favoring this coordinated response remain to be fully characterized. Here, we show that calcium signals play a critical role during mouse neutrophil clustering around particles of zymosan, a structural fungal component. Pioneer neutrophils recognizing zymosan or live Candida albicans displayed elevated calcium levels. Subsequently, a transient wave of calcium signals in neighboring cells was observed followed by the attraction of neutrophils that exhibited more persistent calcium signals as they reached zymosan particles. Calcium signals promoted LTB4 production while the blocking of extracellular calcium entry or LTB4 signaling abrogated cluster formation. Finally, using optogenetics to manipulate calcium influx in primary neutrophils, we show that calcium signals could initiate recruitment of neighboring neutrophils in an LTB4-dependent manner. Thus, sustained calcium responses at the center of the cluster are necessary and sufficient for the generation of chemoattractive gradients that attract neutrophils in a self-reinforcing process.
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