1
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Prasad SK, Singh VV, Acharjee A, Acharjee P. Elucidating hippocampal proteome dynamics in moderate hepatic encephalopathy rats: insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1659-1679. [PMID: 38787444 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological disorder associated with liver failure and characterized by impaired brain function. Decade-long studies have led to significant advances in our understanding of HE; however, effective therapeutic management of HE is lacking, and HE continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, underscoring the need for continued research into its pathophysiology and treatment. Accordingly, the present study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at elucidating the molecular underpinnings of HE and identifying potential therapeutic targets. A moderate-grade HE model was induced in rats using thioacetamide, which simulates the liver damage observed in patients, and its impact on cognitive function, neuronal arborization, and cellular morphology was also evaluated. We employed label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics to quantitatively profile hippocampal proteins to explore the molecular mechanism of HE pathogenesis; 2175 proteins were identified, 47 of which exhibited significant alterations in moderate-grade HE. The expression of several significantly upregulated proteins, such as FAK1, CD9 and Tspan2, was further validated at the transcript and protein levels, confirming the mass spectrometry results. These proteins have not been previously reported in HE. Utilizing Metascape, a tool for gene annotation and analysis, we further studied the biological pathways integral to brain function, including gliogenesis, the role of erythrocytes in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, the modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, astrocyte differentiation, the regulation of organ growth, the response to cAMP, myelination, and synaptic function, which were disrupted during HE. The STRING database further elucidated the protein‒protein interaction patterns among the differentially expressed proteins. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving HE and paves the way for identifying novel therapeutic targets for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Kumar Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishal Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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2
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Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, McLeod CM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA. A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo. Dev Neurobiol 2024. [PMID: 38837880 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Pcdhg gene cluster encodes 22 γ-Protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) cell adhesion molecules that critically regulate multiple aspects of neural development, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal arborization, and synapse formation and maturation. Each γ-Pcdh isoform has unique protein domains-a homophilically interacting extracellular domain and a juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain-as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all isoforms. The extent to which isoform-specific versus shared domains regulate distinct γ-Pcdh functions remains incompletely understood. Our previous in vitro studies identified protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation of a serine residue within a shared C-terminal motif as a mechanism through which γ-Pcdh promotion of dendrite arborization via myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is abrogated. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate two new mouse lines expressing only non-phosphorylatable γ-Pcdhs, due either to a serine-to-alanine mutation (PcdhgS/A) or to a 15-amino acid C-terminal deletion resulting from insertion of an early stop codon (PcdhgCTD). Both lines are viable and fertile, and the density and maturation of dendritic spines remain unchanged in both PcdhgS/A and PcdhgCTD cortex. Dendrite arborization of cortical pyramidal neurons, however, is significantly increased in both lines, as are levels of active MARCKS. Intriguingly, despite having significantly reduced levels of γ-Pcdh proteins, the PcdhgCTD mutation yields the strongest phenotype, with even heterozygous mutants exhibiting increased arborization. The present study confirms that phosphorylation of a shared C-terminal motif is a key γ-Pcdh negative regulation point and contributes to a converging understanding of γ-Pcdh family function in which distinct roles are played by both individual isoforms and discrete protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Hanes
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Kar Men Mah
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David M Steffen
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cathy M McLeod
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles G Marcucci
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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3
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Cheng X, Xu B, Lei B, Wang S. Opposite Mechanical Preference of Bone/Nerve Regeneration in 3D-Printed Bioelastomeric Scaffolds/Conduits Consistently Correlated with YAP-Mediated Stem Cell Osteo/Neuro-Genesis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301158. [PMID: 38211963 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
To systematically unveil how substrate stiffness, a critical factor in directing cell fate through mechanotransduction, correlates with tissue regeneration, novel biodegradable and photo-curable poly(trimethylene carbonate) fumarates (PTMCFs) for fabricating elastomeric 2D substrates and 3D bone scaffolds/nerve conduits, are presented. These substrates and structures with adjustable stiffness serve as a unique platform to evaluate how this mechanical cue affects the fate of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hard/soft tissue regeneration in rat femur bone defect and sciatic nerve transection models; whilst, decoupling from topographical and chemical cues. In addition to a positive relationship between substrate stiffness (tensile modulus: 90-990 kPa) and hMSC adhesion, spreading, and proliferation mediated through Yes-associated protein (YAP), opposite mechanical preference is revealed in the osteogenesis and neurogenesis of hMSCs as they are significantly enhanced on the stiff and compliant substrates, respectively. In vivo tissue regeneration demonstrates the same trend: bone regeneration prefers the stiffer scaffolds; while, nerve regeneration prefers the more compliant conduits. Whole-transcriptome analysis further shows that upregulation of Rho GTPase activity and the downstream genes in the compliant group promote nerve repair, providing critical insight into the design strategies of biomaterials for stem cell regulation and hard/soft tissue regeneration through mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingxi Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shanfeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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4
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Hanes CM, Mah KM, Steffen DM, Marcucci CG, Fuller LC, Burgess RW, Garrett AM, Weiner JA. A C-terminal motif containing a PKC phosphorylation site regulates γ-Protocadherin-mediated dendrite arborization in the cerebral cortex in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577214. [PMID: 38328061 PMCID: PMC10849722 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Pcdhg gene cluster encodes 22 γ-Protocadherin (γ-Pcdh) cell adhesion molecules that critically regulate multiple aspects of neural development, including neuronal survival, dendritic and axonal arborization, and synapse formation and maturation. Each γ-Pcdh isoform has unique protein domains-a homophilically-interacting extracellular domain and a juxtamembrane cytoplasmic domain-as well as a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all isoforms. The extent to which isoform-specific vs. shared domains regulate distinct γ-Pcdh functions remains incompletely understood. Our previous in vitro studies identified PKC phosphorylation of a serine residue within a shared C-terminal motif as a mechanism through which γ-Pcdh promotion of dendrite arborization via MARCKS is abrogated. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate two new mouse lines expressing only non-phosphorylatable γ-Pcdhs, due either to a serine-to-alanine mutation (PcdhgS/A) or to a 15-amino acid C-terminal deletion resulting from insertion of an early stop codon (PcdhgCTD). Both lines are viable and fertile, and the density and maturation of dendritic spines remains unchanged in both PcdhgS/A and PcdhgCTD cortex. Dendrite arborization of cortical pyramidal neurons, however, is significantly increased in both lines, as are levels of active MARCKS. Intriguingly, despite having significantly reduced levels of γ-Pcdh proteins, the PcdhgCTD mutation yields the strongest phenotype, with even heterozygous mutants exhibiting increased arborization. The present study confirms that phosphorylation of a shared C-terminal motif is a key γ-Pcdh negative regulation point, and contributes to a converging understanding of γ-Pcdh family function in which distinct roles are played by both individual isoforms and discrete protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M. Hanes
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Kar Men Mah
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David M. Steffen
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Charles G. Marcucci
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Leah C. Fuller
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Andrew M. Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Department of Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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5
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Gonçalves TM, Stewart CL, Baxley SD, Xu J, Li D, Gabel HW, Wang T, Avraham O, Zhao G. Towards a comprehensive regulatory map of Mammalian Genomes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3294408. [PMID: 37841836 PMCID: PMC10571623 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3294408/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome mapping studies have generated a nearly complete collection of genes for the human genome, but we still lack an equivalently vetted inventory of human regulatory sequences. Cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) play important roles in controlling when, where, and how much a gene is expressed. We developed a training data-free CRM-prediction algorithm, the Mammalian Regulatory MOdule Detector (MrMOD) for accurate CRM prediction in mammalian genomes. MrMOD provides genome position-fixed CRM models similar to the fixed gene models for the mouse and human genomes using only genomic sequences as the inputs with one adjustable parameter - the significance p-value. Importantly, MrMOD predicts a comprehensive set of high-resolution CRMs in the mouse and human genomes including all types of regulatory modules not limited to any tissue, cell type, developmental stage, or condition. We computationally validated MrMOD predictions used a compendium of 21 orthogonal experimental data sets including thousands of experimentally defined CRMs and millions of putative regulatory elements derived from hundreds of different tissues, cell types, and stimulus conditions obtained from multiple databases. In ovo transgenic reporter assay demonstrates the power of our prediction in guiding experimental design. We analyzed CRMs located in the chromosome 17 using unsupervised machine learning and identified groups of CRMs with multiple lines of evidence supporting their functionality, linking CRMs with upstream binding transcription factors and downstream target genes. Our work provides a comprehensive base pair resolution annotation of the functional regulatory elements and non-functional regions in the mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason Xu
- Missouri University of Science & Technology
| | - Daofeng Li
- Washington University School of Medicine
| | | | - Ting Wang
- Washington University School of Medicine
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6
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Choi SY, Lee EB, Kim JH, Lee JR. Over-Expression of p190RhoGEF Regulates the Formation of Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Aorta of ApoE -/- Mice via Macrophage Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12785. [PMID: 37628966 PMCID: PMC10454661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor p190RhoGEF has been implicated in the control of cell morphology, focal adhesion formation, and cell motility. Previously, we reported that p190RhoGEF is also active in various immune cells. In this study, we examined whether over-expression of p190RhoGEF could affect atherosclerotic plaque formation in mouse aortae. For that purpose, transgenic (TG) mice over-expressing p190RhoGEF were cross-bred with atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice to obtain p190RhoGEF-TG mice with ApoE-/- backgrounds (TG/ApoE-/-). Aortic plaque formation was significantly increased in TG/ApoE mice-/- at 30 to 40 weeks of age compared to that in ApoE-/- mice. Serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were greater in TG/ApoE-/- mice than in ApoE-/- mice at ~40 weeks of age. Furthermore, TG/ApoE-/- mice had a greater proportion of peritoneal macrophages within the M1 subset at 30 to 40 weeks of age, together with higher production of inflammatory cytokines and stronger responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide than ApoE-/- mice. Collectively, these results highlight a crucial role of enhanced p190RhoGEF expression in atherosclerosis progression, including the activation of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Choi
- Department of Bioinspired Science, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science, The Graduate School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ran Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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7
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Davis-Lunn M, Goult BT, Andrews MR. Clutching at Guidance Cues: The Integrin-FAK Axis Steers Axon Outgrowth. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:954. [PMID: 37508384 PMCID: PMC10376711 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Integrin receptors are essential contributors to neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. Activated integrins engage components of the extracellular matrix, enabling the growth cone to form point contacts, which connect the extracellular substrate to dynamic intracellular protein complexes. These adhesion complexes facilitate efficient growth cone migration and neurite extension. Major signalling pathways mediated by the adhesion complex are instigated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK), whilst axonal guidance molecules present in vivo promote growth cone turning or retraction by local modulation of FAK activity. Activation of FAK is marked by phosphorylation following integrin engagement, and this activity is tightly regulated during neurite outgrowth. FAK inhibition slows neurite outgrowth by reducing point contact turnover; however, mutant FAK constructs with enhanced activity stimulate aberrant outgrowth. Importantly, FAK is a major structural component of maturing adhesion sites, which provide the platform for actin polymerisation to drive leading edge advance. In this review, we discuss the coordinated signalling of integrin receptors and FAK, as well as their role in regulating neurite outgrowth and axon elongation. We also discuss the importance of the integrin-FAK axis in vivo, as integrin expression and activation are key determinants of successful axon regeneration following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Davis-Lunn
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Melissa R Andrews
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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8
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Role of nerves in neurofibromatosis type 1-related nervous system tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1137-1153. [PMID: 36327093 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that affects nearly 1 in 3000 infants. Neurofibromin inactivation and NF1 gene mutations are involved in various aspects of neuronal function regulation, including neuronal development induction, electrophysiological activity elevation, growth factor expression, and neurotransmitter release. NF1 patients often exhibit a predisposition to tumor development, especially in the nervous system, resulting in the frequent occurrence of peripheral nerve sheath tumors and gliomas. Recent evidence suggests that nerves play a role in the development of multiple tumor types, prompting researchers to investigate the nerve as a vital component in and regulator of the initiation and progression of NF1-related nervous system tumors. CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize existing evidence about the specific effects of NF1 mutation on neurons and emerging research on the role of nerves in neurological tumor development, promising a new set of selective and targeted therapies for NF1-related tumors.
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9
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Romano LEL, Aw WY, Hixson KM, Novoselova TV, Havener TM, Howell S, Taylor-Blake B, Hall CL, Xing L, Beri J, Nethisinghe S, Perna L, Hatimy A, Altadonna GC, Graves LM, Herring LE, Hickey AJ, Thalassinos K, Chapple JP, Wolter JM. Multi-omic profiling reveals the ataxia protein sacsin is required for integrin trafficking and synaptic organization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111580. [PMID: 36323248 PMCID: PMC9647044 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a childhood-onset cerebellar ataxia caused by mutations in SACS, which encodes the protein sacsin. Cellular ARSACS phenotypes include mitochondrial dysfunction, intermediate filament disorganization, and progressive death of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. It is unclear why the loss of sacsin causes these deficits or why they manifest as cerebellar ataxia. Here, we perform multi-omic profiling in sacsin knockout (KO) cells and identify alterations in microtubule dynamics and mislocalization of focal adhesion (FA) proteins, including multiple integrins. Deficits in FA structure, signaling, and function can be rescued by targeting PTEN, a negative regulator of FA signaling. ARSACS mice possess mislocalization of ITGA1 in Purkinje neurons and synaptic disorganization in the deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN). The sacsin interactome reveals that sacsin regulates interactions between cytoskeletal and synaptic adhesion proteins. Our findings suggest that disrupted trafficking of synaptic adhesion proteins is a causal molecular deficit in ARSACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E L Romano
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wen Yih Aw
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hixson
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Tatiana V Novoselova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Tammy M Havener
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stefanie Howell
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bonnie Taylor-Blake
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charlotte L Hall
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lei Xing
- UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Josh Beri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Suran Nethisinghe
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Laura Perna
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Abubakar Hatimy
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ginevra Chioccioli Altadonna
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lee M Graves
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Michael Hooker Proteomics Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anthony J Hickey
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - J Paul Chapple
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Justin M Wolter
- UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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10
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Lee HN, Hyeon SJ, Kim H, Sim KM, Kim Y, Ju J, Lee J, Wang Y, Ryu H, Seong J. Decreased FAK activity and focal adhesion dynamics impair proper neurite formation of medium spiny neurons in Huntington's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:521-536. [PMID: 35857122 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT) [55]. While the final pathological consequence of HD is the neuronal cell death in the striatum region of the brain, it is still unclear how mutant HTT (mHTT) causes synaptic dysfunctions at the early stage and during the progression of HD. Here, we discovered that the basal activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is severely reduced in a striatal HD cell line, a mouse model of HD, and the human post-mortem brains of HD patients. In addition, we observed with a FRET-based FAK biosensor [59] that neurotransmitter-induced FAK activation is decreased in HD striatal neurons. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging revealed that the reduced FAK activity causes the impairment of focal adhesion (FA) dynamics, which further leads to the defect in filopodial dynamics causing the abnormally increased number of immature neurites in HD striatal neurons. Therefore, our results suggest that the decreased FAK and FA dynamics in HD impair the proper formation of neurites, which is crucial for normal synaptic functions [52]. We further investigated the molecular mechanism of FAK inhibition in HD and surprisingly discovered that mHTT strongly associates with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate, altering its normal distribution at the plasma membrane, which is crucial for FAK activation [14, 60]. Therefore, our results provide a novel molecular mechanism of FAK inhibition in HD along with its pathological mechanism for synaptic dysfunctions during the progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Sim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Sivasangari K, Rajan KE. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid alters Reelin, NGF expressing neuron architecture and impairs social interaction in their autistic-like phenotype male offspring. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2005-2016. [PMID: 35648200 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06386-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to anti-epileptic drug Valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy increases the risk for the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In this study, we have examined whether prenatal exposure to VPA will alter expression of key genes, synaptic morphology of nerve growth factor (NGF) and Reelin expressing neurons in the cortex of male offspring. To characterize in animal models, rat fetuses were exposed to VPA on 12.5 gestational day. The offspring of the VPA-exposed individuals (42%) resembles ASD-related phenotype (facial malformation, crooked-like tail, flattened paw, toenails and in-turning-ankles). Furthermore, we have observed deficit in social interaction accompanied by deregulation in expression of genes such as Caspase-3, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Reelin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and NGF. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that exposure to VPA alters the cytoarchitecture (area, diameter) and reduced the dendritic arborization of Reelin, NGF expressing neurons in cortex. The compromised neurodevelopment by altered expression of Caspase-3, FAK, Reelin, GFAP, PCNA and NGF may cause defects in neuronal architecture, synaptic formation, synaptic plasticity and neuronal communication which could be linked with observed ASD-like phenotype and deficit social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Sivasangari
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Koilmani Emmanuvel Rajan
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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New Insights into the Neuromyogenic Spectrum of a Gain of Function Mutation in SPTLC1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050893. [PMID: 35627278 PMCID: PMC9140917 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1 (SPTLC1) encodes a serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Pathological SPTLC1 variants cause a form of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN1A), and have recently been linked to unrestrained sphingoid base synthesis, causing a monogenic form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It was postulated that the phenotypes associated with dominant variants in SPTLC1 may represent a continuum between neuropathy and ALS in some cases, complicated by additional symptoms such as cognitive impairment. A biochemical explanation for this clinical observation does not exist. By performing proteomic profiling on immortalized lymphoblastoid cells derived from one patient harbouring an alanine to serine amino acid substitution at position 20, we identified a subset of dysregulated proteins playing significant roles in neuronal homeostasis and might have a potential impact on the manifestation of symptoms. Notably, the identified p.(A20S)-SPTLC1 variant is associated with decrease of transcript and protein level. Moreover, we describe associated muscle pathology findings, including signs of mild inflammation accompanied by dysregulation of respective markers on both the protein and transcript levels. By performing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy, presence of protein and lipid aggregates could be excluded.
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13
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Utility of RGNEF in the Prediction of Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Rectal Cancer Receiving Preoperative Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 12:life12010018. [PMID: 35054411 PMCID: PMC8778573 DOI: 10.3390/life12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy with different clinical responses to preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). To discover the significant genes associated with CCRT response, we performed data mining of a transcriptomic dataset (GSE35452), including 46 rectal cancer patients who received preoperative CCRT and underwent standardized curative resection. We identified ARHGEF28 as the most significantly upregulated gene correlated with resistance to CCRT among the genes related to Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity (GO:0005085). We enrolled 172 patients with rectal cancer receiving CCRT with radical surgery. The expression of ARHGEF28 encoded protein, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGNEF), was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The results showed that upregulated RGNEF immunoexpression was considerably correlated with poor response to CCRT (p = 0.018), pre-CCRT positive nodal status (p = 0.004), and vascular invasion (p < 0.001). Furthermore, high RGNEF expression was significantly associated with worse local recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), metastasis-free survival (MeFS) (p = 0.0029), and disease-specific survival (DSS) (p < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that RGNEF immunoexpression status was an independent predictor of DSS (p < 0.001) and MeFS (p < 0.001). Using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, we discovered that ARHGEF28 overexpression might be linked to Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rectal cancer progression. In conclusion, high RGNEF expression was related to unfavorable pathological characteristics and independently predicted worse clinical prognosis in patients with rectal cancer undergoing CCRT, suggesting its role in risk stratification and clinical decision making.
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14
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Zhou P, Qi Y, Fang X, Yang M, Zheng S, Liao C, Qin F, Liu L, Li H, Li Y, Ravindran E, Sun C, Wei X, Wang W, Fang L, Han D, Peng C, Chen W, Li N, Kaindl AM, Hu H. Arhgef2 regulates neural differentiation in the cerebral cortex through mRNA m 6A-methylation of Npdc1 and Cend1. iScience 2021; 24:102645. [PMID: 34142067 PMCID: PMC8185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is emerging as a vital factor regulating neural differentiation. Here, we report that deficiency of Arhgef2, a novel cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder we identified recently, impairs neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic formation by regulating m6A methylation. Arhgef2 knockout decreases expression of Mettl14 and total m6A level significantly in the cerebral cortex. m6A sequencing reveals that loss of Arhgef2 reduces m6A methylation of 1,622 mRNAs, including Npdc1 and Cend1, which are both strongly associated with cell cycle exit and terminal neural differentiation. Arhgef2 deficiency decreases m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs via down-regulation of Mettl14, and thereby inhibits the translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 mRNAs. Overexpression of Mettl14, Npdc1, and Cend1 rescue the abnormal phenotypes in Arhgef2 knockout mice, respectively. Our study provides a critical insight into a mechanism by which defective Arhgef2 mediates m6A-tagged target mRNAs to impair neural differentiation. Arhgef2 mediates total m6A level via Mettl14 Arhgef2 affects m6A methylations of the Npdc1 and Cend1 mRNAs Decreased m6A methylations inhibits translation of Npdc1 and nuclear export of Cend1 Reduced protein expression of Npdc1 and Cend1 hinders neural differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Division of Uterine Vascular Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Liao
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Qin
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinshu Wei
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200029 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China
| | - Angela M Kaindl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hao Hu
- Laboratory of Medical Systems Biology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510623 Guangzhou, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, China
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15
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Bodakuntla S, Janke C, Magiera MM. Tubulin polyglutamylation, a regulator of microtubule functions, can cause neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135656. [PMID: 33482309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases lead to a progressive demise of neuronal functions that ultimately results in neuronal death. Besides a large variety of molecular pathways that have been linked to the degeneration of neurons, dysfunctions of the microtubule cytoskeleton are common features of many human neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, it is unclear whether microtubule dysfunctions are causative, or mere bystanders in the disease progression. A so-far little explored regulatory mechanism of the microtubule cytoskeleton, the posttranslational modifications of tubulin, emerge as candidate mechanisms involved in neuronal dysfunction, and thus, degeneration. Here we review the role of tubulin polyglutamylation, a prominent modification of neuronal microtubules. We discuss the current understanding of how polyglutamylation controls microtubule functions in healthy neurons, and how deregulation of this modification leads to neurodegeneration in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
| | - Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.
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16
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Mezzena R, Masciullo C, Antonini S, Cremisi F, Scheffner M, Cecchini M, Tonazzini I. Study of adhesion and migration dynamics in ubiquitin E3A ligase (UBE3A)-silenced SYSH5Y neuroblastoma cells by micro-structured surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:025708. [PMID: 33055385 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbb03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During neuronal development, neuronal cells read extracellular stimuli from the micro/nano-environment within which they exist, retrieving essential directionality and wiring information. Here, focal adhesions (FAs-protein clusters anchoring integrins to cytoskeleton) act as sensors, by integrating signals from both the extracellular matrix environment and chemotactic factors, contributing to the final neuronal pathfinding and migration. In the processes that orchestrate neuronal development, the important function of ubiquitin E3A ligase (UBE3A) is emerging. UBE3A has crucial functions in the brain and changes in its expression levels lead to neurodevelopmental disorders: the lack of UBE3A leads to Angelman syndrome (AS, OMIN 105830), while its increase causes autisms (Dup15q-autism). By using nano/micro-structured anisotropic substrates we previously showed that UBE3A-deficient neurons have deficits in contact guidance (Tonazzini et al, Mol Autism 2019). Here, we investigate the adhesion and migration dynamics of UBE3A-silenced SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in vitro by exploiting nano/micro-grooved substrates. We analyze the molecular processes regulating the development of FAs by transfection with EGFP-vector encoding for paxillin, a protein of FA clusters, and by live-cell total-internal-reflection-fluorescence microscopy. We show that UBE3A-silenced SH-SY5Y cells have impaired FA morphological development and pathway activation, which lead to a delayed adhesion and also explain the defective contact guidance in response to directional topographical stimuli. However, UBE3A-silenced SH-SY5Y cells show an overall normal migration behavior, in terms of speed and ability to follow the GRs directional stimulus. Only the collective cell migration upon cell gaps was slightly delayed for UBE3Ash SHs. Overall, the deficits of UBE3Ash SHS-SY5Y cells in FA maturation/sensing and in collective migration may have patho-physiological implications, in AS condition, considering the much more complex stimuli that neurons find in vivo during the neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mezzena
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze- CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Masciullo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze- CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Antonini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze- CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Cremisi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Bio@SNS, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Scheffner
- University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Cecchini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze- CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze- CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Milano, Italy
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17
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PTEN activation contributes to neuronal and synaptic engulfment by microglia in tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:7-24. [PMID: 32236736 PMCID: PMC7300099 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) regulates synaptic density in development; however, whether PTEN also regulates synapse loss in a neurodegenerative disorder such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with Tau deposition (FTLD-Tau) has not been explored. Here, we found that pathological Tau promotes early activation of PTEN, which precedes apoptotic caspase-3 cleavage in the rTg4510 mouse model of FTLD-Tau. We further demonstrate increased synaptic and neuronal exposure of the apoptotic signal phosphatidylserine that tags neuronal structures for microglial uptake, thereby linking PTEN activation to synaptic and neuronal structure elimination. By applying pharmacological inhibition of PTEN's protein phosphatase activity, we observed that microglial uptake can be decreased in Tau transgenic mice. Finally, we reveal a dichotomous relationship between PTEN activation and age in FTLD-Tau patients and healthy controls. Together, our findings suggest that in tauopathy, PTEN has a role in the synaptotoxicity of pathological Tau and promotes microglial removal of affected neuronal structures.
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18
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Sasaki K, Arimoto K, Kankawa K, Terada C, Yamamori T, Watakabe A, Yamamoto N. Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors Regulate Horizontal Axon Branching of Cortical Upper Layer Neurons. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2506-2518. [PMID: 31768529 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon branching is a crucial process for cortical circuit formation. However, how the cytoskeletal changes in axon branching are regulated is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of RhoA guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoA-GEFs) in branch formation of horizontally elongating axons (horizontal axons) in the mammalian cortex. In situ hybridization showed that more than half of all known RhoA-GEFs were expressed in the developing rat cortex. These RhoA-GEFs were mostly expressed in the macaque cortex as well. An overexpression study using organotypic cortical slice cultures demonstrated that several RhoA-GEFs strongly promoted horizontal axon branching. Moreover, branching patterns were different between overexpressed RhoA-GEFs. In particular, ARHGEF18 markedly increased terminal arbors, whereas active breakpoint cluster region-related protein (ABR) increased short branches in both distal and proximal regions of horizontal axons. Rho kinase inhibitor treatment completely suppressed the branch-promoting effect of ARHGEF18 overexpression, but only partially affected that of ABR, suggesting that these RhoA-GEFs employ distinct downstream pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of either ARHGEF18 or ABR considerably suppressed axon branching. Taken together, the present study revealed that subsets of RhoA-GEFs differentially promote axon branching of mammalian cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sasaki
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Arimoto
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kento Kankawa
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chikayo Terada
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiya Watakabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yamamoto
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Group, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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19
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Naskar S, Kumaran V, Markandeya YS, Mehta B, Basu B. Neurogenesis-on-Chip: Electric field modulated transdifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell and mouse muscle precursor cell coculture. Biomaterials 2019; 226:119522. [PMID: 31669894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A number of bioengineering strategies, using biophysical stimulation, are being explored to guide the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMScs) into different lineages. In this context, we have limited understanding on the transdifferentiation of matured cells to another functional-cell type, when grown with stem cells, in a constrained cellular microenvironment under biophysical stimulation. While addressing such aspects, the present work reports the influence of the electric field (EF) stimulation on the phenotypic and functionality modulation of the coculture of murine myoblasts (C2C12) with hMScs [hMSc:C2C12=1:10] in a custom designed polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based microfluidic device with in-built metal electrodes. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the immunofluorescence study confirms that the cocultured cells in the conditioned medium with astrocytic feed, exhibit differentiation towards neural-committed cells under biophysical stimulation in the range of the endogenous physiological electric field strength (8 ± 0.06 mV/mm). The control experiments using similar culture protocols revealed that while C2C12 monoculture exhibited myotube-like fused structures, the hMScs exhibited the neurosphere-like clusters with SOX2, nestin, βIII-tubulin expression. The electrophysiological study indicates the significant role of intercellular calcium signalling among the differentiated cells towards transdifferentiation. Furthermore, the depolarization induced calcium influx strongly supports neural-like behaviour for the electric field stimulated cells in coculture. The intriguing results are explained in terms of the paracrine signalling among the transdifferentiated cells in the electric field stimulated cellular microenvironment. In summary, the present study establishes the potential for neurogenesis on-chip for the coculture of hMSc and C2C12 cells under tailored electric field stimulation, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Naskar
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India
| | - Viswanathan Kumaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yogananda S Markandeya
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bhupesh Mehta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India; Centres of Excellence and Innovation in Biotechnology - Translational Centre on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications, Materials Research Centre, IISc, Bangalore, India.
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20
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Wells HRR, Freidin MB, Zainul Abidin FN, Payton A, Dawes P, Munro KJ, Morton CC, Moore DR, Dawson SJ, Williams FMK. GWAS Identifies 44 Independent Associated Genomic Loci for Self-Reported Adult Hearing Difficulty in UK Biobank. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:788-802. [PMID: 31564434 PMCID: PMC6817556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is the most common sensory impairment in the aging population; a third of individuals are affected by disabling hearing loss by the age of 65. It causes social isolation and depression and has recently been identified as a risk factor for dementia. The genetic risk factors and underlying pathology of ARHI are largely unknown, meaning that targets for new therapies remain elusive, yet heritability estimates range between 35% and 55%. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for two self-reported hearing phenotypes, using more than 250,000 UK Biobank (UKBB) volunteers aged between 40 and 69 years. Forty-four independent genome-wide significant loci (p < 5E-08) were identified, considerably increasing the number of established trait loci. Thirty-four loci are novel associations with hearing loss of any form, and only one of the ten known hearing loci has a previously reported association with an ARHI-related trait. Gene sets from these loci are enriched in auditory processes such as synaptic activities, nervous system processes, inner ear morphology, and cognition, while genetic correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlations with multiple personality and psychological traits for the first time. Immunohistochemistry for protein localization in adult mouse cochlea implicate metabolic, sensory, and neuronal functions for NID2, CLRN2, and ARHGEF28. These results provide insight into the genetic landscape underlying ARHI, opening up novel therapeutic targets for further investigation. In a wider context, our study also highlights the viability of using self-report phenotypes for genetic discovery in very large samples when deep phenotyping is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena R R Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Fatin N Zainul Abidin
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Antony Payton
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Piers Dawes
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kevin J Munro
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA
| | - David R Moore
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8EE, UK.
| | - Frances M K Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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21
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Pennucci R, Gucciardi I, de Curtis I. Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases differently influence the morphological maturation of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220496. [PMID: 31369617 PMCID: PMC6675090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases are co-expressed in the developing nervous system, where they are involved in different aspects of neuronal development, including the formation of synapses. The deletion of both Rac genes determines a stronger reduction of dendritic spines in vitro compared to the knockout of either gene, indicating that Rac1 and Rac3 play a synergistic role in the formation of these structures. Here, we have addressed the role of each GTPase in the formation of dendritic spines by overexpressing either Rac1 or Rac3 in wildtype neurons, or by re-expressing either GTPase in double knockout hippocampal cultures. We show that the Rac3 protein is expressed with Rac1 in developing hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of either GTPase in WT neurons increases the density of dendritic spines, suggesting the involvement of both GTPases in their formation. We also found that the re-expression of either Rac1 or Rac3 in double knockout neurons is sufficient to restore spinogenesis. Rac1 is significantly more efficient than Rac3 in restoring the formation of spines. On the other hand the quantitative analysis in neurons overexpressing or re-expressing either GTPase shows that Rac3 induces a more pronounced increase in the size of the spines compared to Rac1. These enlarged spines form morphological synapses identified by the juxtaposition of postsynaptic and presynaptic markers. Thus, while Rac1 appears more efficient in inducing the formation of mature spines, Rac3 is more efficient in promoting their enlargement. Our study highlights specific roles of Rac1 and Rac3, which may be functionally relevant also to synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pennucci
- San Raffaele—Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific institute, Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Gucciardi
- San Raffaele—Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific institute, Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- San Raffaele—Vita-Salute University and San Raffaele Scientific institute, Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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22
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Pan H, Dohn MR, Kingston R, Carneiro AMD. Integrin αVβ3 Function Influences Citalopram Immobility Behavior in the Tail Suspension Test. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:70. [PMID: 30787865 PMCID: PMC6372549 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies first identified genetic and expression interactions between integrin β3 and serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) genes. This association has been further strengthened by our discovery that integrin β3-containing receptors (αvβ3) physically interact with, and thereby define, a subpopulation of SERTs that may represent the main target of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In this study, we examine how integrin αvβ3 function influences the behavioral response to the highly SSRI citalopram in the tail suspension test. Mice bearing a conditional deletion of the integrin β3 gene in neurons, or those expressing a constitutively active αvβ3 receptor, have decreased sensitivity to citalopram, when compared to wild-type littermates. To identify potential signaling pathways downstream of integrin αvβ3 that could be altered in these mouse lines, and consequently influence citalopram response in vivo, we performed antibody array analyses of midbrain synaptosomes isolated from mice bearing genetically altered integrin β3. We then pharmacologically targeted focal adhesion (FAK) and extracellular-signal-regulated (ERK) kinases and determined that FAK and ERK activity are critical for the actions of citalopram. Taken together, our studies have revealed a complex relationship between integrin αvβ3 function, SERT-dependent 5-HT uptake, and the effective dose of citalopram in the TST, thus implicating a role for integrin signaling pathways in the behavioral response to SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Michael R Dohn
- Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rody Kingston
- Department of Pharmacology, Nashville, TN, United States
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23
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Magiera MM, Bodakuntla S, Žiak J, Lacomme S, Marques Sousa P, Leboucher S, Hausrat TJ, Bosc C, Andrieux A, Kneussel M, Landry M, Calas A, Balastik M, Janke C. Excessive tubulin polyglutamylation causes neurodegeneration and perturbs neuronal transport. EMBO J 2018; 37:e100440. [PMID: 30420556 PMCID: PMC6276888 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of tubulin are emerging regulators of microtubule functions. We have shown earlier that upregulated polyglutamylation is linked to rapid degeneration of Purkinje cells in mice with a mutation in the deglutamylating enzyme CCP1. How polyglutamylation leads to degeneration, whether it affects multiple neuron types, or which physiological processes it regulates in healthy neurons has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that excessive polyglutamylation induces neurodegeneration in a cell-autonomous manner and can occur in many parts of the central nervous system. Degeneration of selected neurons in CCP1-deficient mice can be fully rescued by simultaneous knockout of the counteracting polyglutamylase TTLL1. Excessive polyglutamylation reduces the efficiency of neuronal transport in cultured hippocampal neurons, suggesting that impaired cargo transport plays an important role in the observed degenerative phenotypes. We thus establish polyglutamylation as a cell-autonomous mechanism for neurodegeneration that might be therapeutically accessible through manipulation of the enzymes that control this posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Magiera
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Satish Bodakuntla
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Jakub Žiak
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Lacomme
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patricia Marques Sousa
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Torben J Hausrat
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, GIN, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Inserm U1216, Grenoble, France
| | - Matthias Kneussel
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc Landry
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - André Calas
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR5297, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Martin Balastik
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, CNRS UMR3348, PSL Research University, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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Edamatsu M, Miyano R, Fujikawa A, Fujii F, Hori T, Sakaba T, Oohashi T. Hapln4/Bral2 is a selective regulator for formation and transmission of GABAergic synapses between Purkinje and deep cerebellar nuclei neurons. J Neurochem 2018; 147:748-763. [PMID: 30125937 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PCs) convey the sole output of the cerebellar cortex to the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). DCN neurons are enwrapped in densely organized extracellular matrix structures, known as perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs are typically found around fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons expressing parvalbumin but interestingly also exist surrounding other neurons, such as the neurons in the DCN and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, which are the post-synaptic neurons of large axo-somatic synapses adapted for fast signaling. This characteristic localization prompted the hypothesis that PNNs might play a role in the maintenance and formation of large fast-signaling synapses. To elucidate the role of the PNN at these synapses, we investigated the electrophysiological and morphological properties of DCN synapses in hyaluronan and proteoglycan binding link protein 4 (Hapln4/Bral2) knockout (KO) mice around postnatal day (P)14. Hapln4/Bral2 is important for PNN structure, as it stabilizes the interaction between hyaluronan and proteoglycan. Here, using immunohistochemistry we show that Hapln4/Bral2 localized closely with GABAergic terminals. In DCN neurons of Hapln4/Bral2 KO mice, inhibitory synaptic strengths were reduced as compared to those in wild-type mice, whereas the properties of excitatory synapses were unaffected. The reduced IPSC amplitudes were mainly because of reduced numbers of releasable vesicles. Moreover, Hapln4/Bral2 deficiency reduced the number of PC GABAergic terminals in the DCN. These results demonstrate that Hapln4/Bral2 is a PNN component that selectively contributes to formation and transmission of PC-DCN synapses in the cerebellum. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Edamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rinako Miyano
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fuminari Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hori
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Department of Neurophysiology, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakaba
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
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25
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Involvement of advillin in somatosensory neuron subtype-specific axon regeneration and neuropathic pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8557-E8566. [PMID: 30126982 PMCID: PMC6130359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716470115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 20 million people in the United States have chronic neuropathic pain, but current analgesics are nonspecific or insufficiently effective. Here we show that advillin, a sensory neuron-specific protein, modulates axonal regeneration of a specific subset of pain-sensing afferent neurons (nociceptors) that binds with isolectin B4 and neuropathic pain. In addition, we identify the cell behavior of advillin shed-off from the growth cone in the context of axonal regeneration and thus detected advillin protein in the cerebrospinal fluid in mice with painful peripheral neuropathy. Advillin is a potential biosignature to diagnose the lesion cause of neuropathic pain associated with isolectin B4+ nociceptors. Advillin is a sensory neuron-specific actin-binding protein expressed at high levels in all types of somatosensory neurons in early development. However, the precise role of advillin in adulthood is largely unknown. Here we reveal advillin expression restricted to isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) neurons in the adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Advillin knockout (KO) specifically impaired axonal regeneration in adult IB4+ DRG neurons. During axon regeneration, advillin was expressed at the very tips of filopodia and modulated growth cone formation by interacting with and regulating focal-adhesion–related proteins. The advillin-containing focal-adhesion protein complex was shed from neurite tips during neurite retraction and was detectable in cerebrospinal fluid in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy, and chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve. In addition, advillin KO disturbed experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced neural plasticity in the spinal-cord dorsal horn and aggravated neuropathic pain. Our study highlights a role for advillin in growth cone formation, axon regeneration, and neuropathic pain associated with IB4+ DRG neurons in adulthood.
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26
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Carbon nanotube multilayered nanocomposites as multifunctional substrates for actuating neuronal differentiation and functions of neural stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 175:93-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Hinojosa AJ, Deogracias R, Rico B. The Microtubule Regulator NEK7 Coordinates the Wiring of Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1231-1242. [PMID: 30067978 PMCID: PMC6088228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional networks in the mammalian cerebral cortex rely on the interaction between glutamatergic pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons. Both neuronal populations exhibit an extraordinary divergence in morphology and targeting areas, which ultimately dictate their precise function in cortical circuits. How these prominent morphological differences arise during development is not well understood. Here, we conducted a high-throughput screen for genes differentially expressed by pyramidal cells and interneurons during cortical wiring. We found that NEK7, a kinase involved in microtubule polymerization, is mostly expressed in parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons at the time when they establish their connectivity. Functional experiments revealed that NEK7-deficient PV+ interneurons show altered microtubule dynamics, axon growth cone steering and reduced axon length, arbor complexity, and total number of synaptic contacts formed with pyramidal cells. Altogether, our results reveal a molecular mechanism by which the microtubule-associated kinase NEK7 regulates the wiring of PV+ interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Jesús Hinojosa
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Rubén Deogracias
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rico
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain.
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28
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Park SY, Kang MJ, Han JS. Interleukin-1 beta promotes neuronal differentiation through the Wnt5a/RhoA/JNK pathway in cortical neural precursor cells. Mol Brain 2018; 11:39. [PMID: 29973222 PMCID: PMC6033214 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a key mediator of inflammation and stress in the central nervous system (CNS), and is highly expressed in the developing brain. In this study, we investigated the possible role of IL-1β in neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells (NPCs). We showed that stimulation with IL-1β increased expression levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) and promoted neurite outgrowth. We also found that IL-1β increased mRNA and protein levels of Wnt5a. Knockdown of Wnt5a by transfection with Wnt5a siRNA inhibited IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation. Moreover, IL-1β-induced Wnt5a expression was regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which is involved in IL-1β-mediated neuronal differentiation. To examine the role of Wnt5a in neuronal differentiation of NPCs, we exogenously added Wnt5a. We found that exogenous Wnt5a promotes neuronal differentiation, and activates the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. In addition, Wnt5a-induced neuronal differentiation was blocked by RhoA siRNA, as well as by a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y27632) or a SAPK/JNK inhibitor (SP600125). Furthermore, treatment with RhoA siRNA, Y27632, or SP600125 suppressed the IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation. Therefore, these results suggest that the sequential Wnt5a/RhoA/ROCK/JNK pathway is involved in IL-1β-induced neuronal differentiation of NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Rho GTPases in Intellectual Disability: From Genetics to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061821. [PMID: 29925821 PMCID: PMC6032284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-class small GTPases are implicated in basic cellular processes at nearly all brain developmental steps, from neurogenesis and migration to axon guidance and synaptic plasticity. GTPases are key signal transducing enzymes that link extracellular cues to the neuronal responses required for the construction of neuronal networks, as well as for synaptic function and plasticity. Rho GTPases are highly regulated by a complex set of activating (GEFs) and inactivating (GAPs) partners, via protein:protein interactions (PPI). Misregulated RhoA, Rac1/Rac3 and cdc42 activity has been linked with intellectual disability (ID) and other neurodevelopmental conditions that comprise ID. All genetic evidences indicate that in these disorders the RhoA pathway is hyperactive while the Rac1 and cdc42 pathways are consistently hypoactive. Adopting cultured neurons for in vitro testing and specific animal models of ID for in vivo examination, the endophenotypes associated with these conditions are emerging and include altered neuronal networking, unbalanced excitation/inhibition and altered synaptic activity and plasticity. As we approach a clearer definition of these phenotype(s) and the role of hyper- and hypo-active GTPases in the construction of neuronal networks, there is an increasing possibility that selective inhibitors and activators might be designed via PPI, or identified by screening, that counteract the misregulation of small GTPases and result in alleviation of the cognitive condition. Here we review all knowledge in support of this possibility.
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30
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The Tenascin-C-Derived Peptide VSWRAPTA Promotes Neuronal Branching Via Transcellular Activation of the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway In Vitro. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:632-647. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Nissan I, Schori H, Kumar VB, Passig MA, Shefi O, Gedanken A. Topographical impact of silver nanolines on the morphology of neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:9346-9353. [PMID: 32264537 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02492d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular environment is critical in neuronal development and growth. Changes in neuronal morphology, neuron adhesion, and even the rate of neurite formation, can be modified by both the chemical and physical properties of interfacing substrates. Topography has a major impact on neuronal growth. Neuronal behavior and morphology are affected by the size, shape and pattern of the topographic elements. Combining topography with active materials may lead to enhanced influence. This paper demonstrates the effects of silver nanolines (AgNLs) on the growth pattern of SH-SY5Y cells. The morphology of the cells atop the nanotopographical substrates is measured, revealing a significant promoting effect. The number of neurites initiating from the soma is larger in SH-SY5Y cells plated on AgNLs than in control samples. The cells also exhibit an increase in neurite branching points towards more complex structures. These results indicate that substrates decorated with nanotopography affect cellular growth in a way that may be useful for enhanced regeneration, opening new possibilities for electrode and implant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifat Nissan
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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32
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Rashid M, Belmont J, Carpenter D, Turner CE, Olson EC. Neural-specific deletion of the focal adhesion adaptor protein paxillin slows migration speed and delays cortical layer formation. Development 2017; 144:4002-4014. [PMID: 28935710 DOI: 10.1242/dev.147934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Paxillin and Hic-5 are homologous focal adhesion adaptor proteins that coordinate cytoskeletal rearrangements in response to integrin signaling, but their role(s) in cortical development are unknown. Here, we find that Hic-5-deficient mice are postnatal viable with normal cortical layering. Mice with a neural-specific deletion of paxillin are also postnatal viable, but show evidence of a cortical neuron migration delay that is evident pre- and perinatally, but is not detected at postnatal day 35 (P35). This phenotype is not modified by Hic-5 deficiency (double knockout). Specific deletion of paxillin in postmitotic neurons using Nex-Cre-mediated recombination as well as in utero electroporation of a Cre-expression construct identified a cell-autonomous requirement for paxillin in migrating neurons. Paxillin-deficient neurons have shorter leading processes that exhibited multiple swellings in comparison with control. Multiphoton imaging revealed that paxillin-deficient neurons migrate ∼30% slower than control neurons. This phenotype is similar to that produced by deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a signaling partner of paxillin, and suggests that paxillin and FAK function cell-autonomously to control migrating neuron morphology and speed during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Judson Belmont
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Eric C Olson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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33
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Barnes JM, Przybyla L, Weaver VM. Tissue mechanics regulate brain development, homeostasis and disease. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:71-82. [PMID: 28043968 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.191742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells sense and integrate mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment to orchestrate organismal development and maintain tissue homeostasis. Mechanotransduction is the evolutionarily conserved process whereby mechanical force is translated into biochemical signals that can influence cell differentiation, survival, proliferation and migration to change tissue behavior. Not surprisingly, disease develops if these mechanical cues are abnormal or are misinterpreted by the cells - for example, when interstitial pressure or compression force aberrantly increases, or the extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormally stiffens. Disease might also develop if the ability of cells to regulate their contractility becomes corrupted. Consistently, disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, fibrosis and cancer, are characterized by dramatic changes in cell and tissue mechanics, and dysregulation of forces at the cell and tissue level can activate mechanosignaling to compromise tissue integrity and function, and promote disease progression. In this Commentary, we discuss the impact of cell and tissue mechanics on tissue homeostasis and disease, focusing on their role in brain development, homeostasis and neural degeneration, as well as in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Barnes
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laralynne Przybyla
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Departments of Anatomy, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Radiation Oncology, and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research and The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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34
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Armijo-Weingart L, Gallo G. It takes a village to raise a branch: Cellular mechanisms of the initiation of axon collateral branches. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:36-47. [PMID: 28359843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of axon collateral branches from the pre-existing shafts of axons is an important aspect of neurodevelopment and the response of the nervous system to injury. This article provides an overview of the role of the cytoskeleton and signaling mechanisms in the formation of axon collateral branches. Both the actin filament and microtubule components of the cytoskeleton are required for the formation of axon branches. Recent work has begun to shed light on how these two elements of the cytoskeleton are integrated by proteins that functionally or physically link the cytoskeleton. While a number of signaling pathways have been determined as having a role in the formation of axon branches, the complexity of the downstream mechanisms and links to specific signaling pathways remain to be fully determined. The regulation of intra-axonal protein synthesis and organelle function are also emerging as components of signal-induced axon branching. Although much has been learned in the last couple of decades about the mechanistic basis of axon branching we can look forward to continue elucidating this complex biological phenomenon with the aim of understanding how multiple signaling pathways, cytoskeletal regulators and organelles are coordinated locally along the axon to give rise to a branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Armijo-Weingart
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Gianluca Gallo
- Shriners Pediatric Research Center, Temple University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3500 North Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States.
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Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis of Talin and FAK Regulates Adhesion Dynamics Necessary for Axon Guidance. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1568-1580. [PMID: 28069919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2769-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Guidance of axons to their proper synaptic target sites requires spatially and temporally precise modulation of biochemical signals within growth cones. Ionic calcium (Ca2+) is an essential signal for axon guidance that mediates opposing effects on growth cone motility. The diverse effects of Ca2+ arise from the precise localization of Ca2+ signals into microdomains containing specific Ca2+ effectors. For example, differences in the mechanical and chemical composition of the underlying substrata elicit local Ca2+ signals within growth cone filopodia that regulate axon guidance through activation of the protease calpain. However, how calpain regulates growth cone motility remains unclear. Here, we identify the adhesion proteins talin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as proteolytic targets of calpain in Xenopus laevis spinal cord neurons both in vivo and in vitro Inhibition of calpain increases the localization of endogenous adhesion signaling to growth cone filopodia. Using live cell microscopy and specific calpain-resistant point-mutants of talin (L432G) and FAK (V744G), we find that calpain inhibits paxillin-based adhesion assembly through cleavage of talin and FAK, and adhesion disassembly through cleavage of FAK. Blocking calpain cleavage of talin and FAK inhibits repulsive turning from focal uncaging of Ca2+ within filopodia. In addition, blocking calpain cleavage of talin and FAK in vivo promotes Rohon-Beard peripheral axon extension into the skin. These data demonstrate that filopodial Ca2+ signals regulate axon outgrowth and guidance through calpain regulation of adhesion dynamics through specific cleavage of talin and FAK.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The proper formation of neuronal networks requires accurate guidance of axons and dendrites during development by motile structures known as growth cones. Understanding the intracellular signaling mechanisms that govern growth cone motility will clarify how the nervous system develops and regenerates, and may identify areas of therapeutic intervention in disease or injury. One important signal that controls growth cones is that of local Ca2+ transients, which control the rate and direction of axon outgrowth. We demonstrate here that Ca2+-dependent inhibition axon outgrowth and guidance is mediated by calpain proteolysis of the adhesion proteins talin and focal adhesion kinase. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into Ca2+/calpain regulation of growth cone motility and axon guidance during neuronal development.
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Sun M, Zaman MH. Modeling, signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics: integrated modeling-experimental frameworks in cell migration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9:10.1002/wsbm.1365. [PMID: 27863122 PMCID: PMC5338640 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a complex and multistep process involved in homeostasis maintenance, morphogenesis, and disease development, such as cancer metastasis. Modeling cell migration and the relevant cytoskeleton dynamics have profound implications for studying fundamental development and disease diagnosis. This review focuses on some recent models of both cell migration and migration-related cytoskeleton dynamics, addressing issues such as the difference between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes, and between single-cell migration and collective cell migration. The review also highlights the computational integration among variable external cues, especially the biochemical and mechanical signaling that affects cell migration. Finally, we aim to identify the gaps in our current knowledge and potential strategies to develop integrated modeling-experimental frameworks for multiscale behavior integrating gene expression, cell signaling, mechanics, and multicellular dynamics. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1365. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1365 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Muhammad H. Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
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Franchi SA, Astro V, Macco R, Tonoli D, Barnier JV, Botta M, de Curtis I. Identification of a Protein Network Driving Neuritogenesis of MGE-Derived GABAergic Interneurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:289. [PMID: 28066185 PMCID: PMC5174131 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interneurons are essential modulators of brain activity and their abnormal maturation may lead to neural and intellectual disabilities. Here we show that cultures derived from murine medial ganglionic eminences (MGEs) produce virtually pure, polarized γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons that can form morphologically identifiable inhibitory synapses. We show that Rac GTPases and a protein complex including the GIT family scaffold proteins are expressed during maturation in vitro, and are required for the normal development of neurites. GIT1 promotes neurite extension in a conformation-dependent manner, while affecting its interaction with specific partners reduces neurite branching. Proteins of the GIT network are concentrated at growth cones, and interaction mutants may affect growth cone behavior. Our findings identify the PIX/GIT1/liprin-α1/ERC1 network as critical for the regulation of interneuron neurite differentiation in vitro, and show that these cultures represent a valuable system to identify the molecular mechanisms driving the maturation of cortical/hippocampal interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira A Franchi
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
| | - Veronica Astro
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
| | - Romina Macco
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
| | - Diletta Tonoli
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, UMR 9197, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paris-Sud Orsay, France
| | - Martina Botta
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and San Raffaele University Milano, Italy
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Choi I, Byun JW, Park SM, Jou I, Joe EH. LRRK2 Inhibits FAK Activity by Promoting FERM-mediated Autoinhibition of FAK and Recruiting the Tyrosine Phosphatase, SHP-2. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:269-276. [PMID: 27790061 PMCID: PMC5081473 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.5.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes an autosomal dominant and late-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, we reported that LRRK2 directly binds to and phosphorylates the threonine 474 (T474)-containing Thr-X-Arg(Lys) (TXR) motif of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of FAK at tyrosine (Y) 397 residue (pY397-FAK), which is a marker of its activation. Mechanistically, however, it remained unclear how T474-FAK phosphorylation suppressed FAK activation. Here, we report that T474-FAK phosphorylation could inhibit FAK activation via at least two different mechanisms. First, T474 phosphorylation appears to induce a conformational change of FAK, enabling its N-terminal FERM domain to autoinhibit Y397 phosphorylation. This is supported by the observation that the levels of pY397-FAK were increased by deletion of the FERM domain and/or mutation of the FERM domain to prevent its interaction with the kinase domain of FAK. Second, pT474-FAK appears to recruit SHP-2, which is a phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating pY397-FAK. We found that mutation of T474 into glutamate (T474E-FAK) to mimic phosphorylation induced more strong interaction with SHP-2 than WT-FAK, and that pharmacological inhibition of SHP-2 with NSC-87877 rescued the level of pY397 in HEK293T cells. These results collectively show that LRRK2 suppresses FAK activation through diverse mechanisms that include the promotion of autoinhibition and/or the recruitment of phosphatases, such as SHP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insup Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Byun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.; Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Inhibition of the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway Restores Cultured Spinal Cord-Injured Neuronal Migration, Adhesion, and Dendritic Spine Development. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2086-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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40
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Masdeu MDM, Armendáriz BG, Soriano E, Ureña JM, Burgaya F. New partners and phosphorylation sites of focal adhesion kinase identified by mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1388-94. [PMID: 27033120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) involves phosphorylation and multiple interactions with other signaling proteins. Some of these pathways are relevant for nervous system functions such as branching, axonal guidance, and plasticity. In this study, we screened mouse brain to identify FAK-interactive proteins and phosphorylatable residues as a first step to address the neuronal functions of this kinase. Using mass spectrometry analysis, we identified new phosphorylated sites (Thr 952, Thr 1048, and Ser 1049), which lie in the FAT domain; and putative new partners for FAK, which include cytoskeletal proteins such as drebrin and MAP 6, adhesion regulators such as neurabin-2 and plakophilin 1, and synapse-associated proteins such as SynGAP and a NMDA receptor subunit. Our findings support the participation of brain-localized FAK in neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Masdeu
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Armendáriz
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain; Vall d´Hebron Institute of Research, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Mariano Ureña
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Developmental Neurobiology and Neural Regeneration Group, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08038 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Keeler AB, Schreiner D, Weiner JA. Protein Kinase C Phosphorylation of a γ-Protocadherin C-terminal Lipid Binding Domain Regulates Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition and Dendrite Arborization. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20674-20686. [PMID: 26139604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-protocadherins (γ-Pcdhs) are a family of 22 adhesion molecules with multiple critical developmental functions, including the proper formation of dendritic arbors by forebrain neurons. The γ-Pcdhs bind to and inhibit focal adhesion kinase (FAK) via a constant C-terminal cytoplasmic domain shared by all 22 proteins. In cortical neurons lacking the γ-Pcdhs, aberrantly high activity of FAK and of PKC disrupts dendrite arborization. Little is known, however, about how γ-Pcdh function is regulated by other factors. Here we show that PKC phosphorylates a serine residue situated within a phospholipid binding motif at the shared γ-Pcdh C terminus. Western blots using a novel phospho-specific antibody against this site suggest that a portion of γ-Pcdh proteins is phosphorylated in the cortex in vivo. We find that PKC phosphorylation disrupts both phospholipid binding and the γ-Pcdh inhibition of (but not binding to) FAK. Introduction of a non-phosphorylatable (S922A) γ-Pcdh construct into wild-type cortical neurons significantly increases dendrite arborization. This same S922A construct can also rescue dendrite arborization defects in γ-Pcdh null neurons cell autonomously. Consistent with these data, introduction of a phosphomimetic (S/D) γ-Pcdh construct or treatment with a PKC activator reduces dendrite arborization in wild-type cortical neurons. Together, these data identify a novel mechanism through which γ-Pcdh control of a signaling pathway important for dendrite arborization is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Keeler
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Dietmar Schreiner
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242.
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42
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Masià-Balagué M, Izquierdo I, Garrido G, Cordomí A, Pérez-Benito L, Miller NLG, Schlaepfer DD, Gigoux V, Aragay AM. Gastrin-stimulated Gα13 Activation of Rgnef Protein (ArhGEF28) in DLD-1 Colon Carcinoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15197-209. [PMID: 25922072 PMCID: PMC4463461 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rgnef (also known as ArhGEF28 or p190RhoGEF) promotes colon carcinoma cell motility and tumor progression via interaction with focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Mechanisms of Rgnef activation downstream of integrin or G protein-coupled receptors remain undefined. In the absence of a recognized G protein signaling homology domain in Rgnef, no proximal linkage to G proteins was known. Utilizing multiple methods, we have identified Rgnef as a new effector for Gα13 downstream of gastrin and the type 2 cholecystokinin receptor. In DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells depleted of Gα13, gastrin-induced FAK Tyr(P)-397 and paxillin Tyr(P)-31 phosphorylation were reduced. RhoA GTP binding and promoter activity were increased by Rgnef in combination with active Gα13. Rgnef co-immunoprecipitated with activated Gα13Q226L but not Gα12Q229L. The Rgnef C-terminal (CT, 1279-1582) region was sufficient for co-immunoprecipitation, and Rgnef-CT exogenous expression prevented Gα13-stimulated SRE activity. A domain at the C terminus of the protein close to the FAK binding domain is necessary to bind to Gα13. Point mutations of Rgnef-CT residues disrupt association with active Gα13 but not Gαq. These results show that Rgnef functions as an effector of Gα13 signaling and that this linkage may mediate FAK activation in DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Masià-Balagué
- From the Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ismael Izquierdo
- From the Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Garrido
- From the Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Cordomí
- the Departament de Pediatria, Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Pérez-Benito
- the Departament de Pediatria, Unitat de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nichol L G Miller
- the Université Paul Sabatier Réceptologie et Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, INSERM, Toulouse, France, and
| | - David D Schlaepfer
- the Université Paul Sabatier Réceptologie et Ciblage Thérapeutique en Cancérologie, INSERM, Toulouse, France, and
| | - Véronique Gigoux
- the Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Anna M Aragay
- From the Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain,
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Keeler AB, Molumby MJ, Weiner JA. Protocadherins branch out: Multiple roles in dendrite development. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:214-26. [PMID: 25869446 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2014.1000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper formation of dendritic arbors is a critical step in neural circuit formation, and as such defects in arborization are associated with a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders. Among the best gene candidates are those encoding cell adhesion molecules, including members of the diverse cadherin superfamily characterized by distinctive, repeated adhesive domains in their extracellular regions. Protocadherins (Pcdhs) make up the largest group within this superfamily, encompassing over 80 genes, including the ∼60 genes of the α-, β-, and γ-Pcdh gene clusters and the non-clustered δ-Pcdh genes. An additional group includes the atypical cadherin genes encoding the giant Fat and Dachsous proteins and the 7-transmembrane cadherins. In this review we highlight the many roles that Pcdhs and atypical cadherins have been demonstrated to play in dendritogenesis, dendrite arborization, and dendritic spine regulation. Together, the published studies we discuss implicate these members of the cadherin superfamily as key regulators of dendrite development and function, and as potential therapeutic targets for future interventions in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Key Words
- CNR, Cadherin related neuronal receptor
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.
- Celsr, Cadherin EGF LAG 7-pass G-type receptor 1
- DSCAM, Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule
- Dnmt3b, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 β
- Ds, Dachsous
- EC, extracellular cadherin
- EGF, Epidermal growth factor
- FAK, Focal adhesion kinase
- FMRP, Fragile X mental retardation protein
- Fj, Four jointed
- Fjx1, Four jointed box 1
- GPCR, G-protein-coupled receptor
- Gogo, Golden Goal
- LIM domain, Lin11, Isl-1 & Mec-3 domain
- MARCKS, Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate
- MEF2, Myocyte enhancer factor 2
- MEK3, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3
- PCP, planar cell polarity
- PKC, Protein kinase C
- PSD, Post-synaptic density
- PYK2, Protein tyrosine kinase 2
- Pcdh
- Pcdh, Protocadherin
- RGC, Retinal ganglion cell
- RNAi, RNA interference
- Rac1, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- S2 cells, Schneider 2 cells
- SAC, starburst amacrine cell
- TAF1, Template-activating factor 1
- TAO2β, Thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 2 β
- TM, transmembrane
- arborization
- atypical cadherin
- branching
- cadherin superfamily
- cell adhesion
- da neuron, dendritic arborization neuron
- dendritic
- dendritic spine
- dendritogenesis
- fmi, Flamingo
- md neuron, multiple dendrite neuron
- neural circuit formation
- p38 MAPK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
- self avoidance
- synaptogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin B Keeler
- a Department of Biology ; Neuroscience Graduate Program; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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Bruyère J, Roy E, Ausseil J, Lemonnier T, Teyre G, Bohl D, Etienne-Manneville S, Lortat-Jacob H, Heard JM, Vitry S. Heparan Sulfate Saccharides Modify Focal Adhesions: Implication in Mucopolysaccharidosis Neuropathophysiology. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:775-791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chen W, Shao Y, Li X, Zhao G, Fu J. Nanotopographical Surfaces for Stem Cell Fate Control: Engineering Mechanobiology from the Bottom. NANO TODAY 2014; 9:759-784. [PMID: 25883674 PMCID: PMC4394389 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis and tissue maintenance and repair in an adult organism, a myriad of stem cells are regulated by their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) enriched with tissue/organ-specific nanoscale topographical cues to adopt different fates and functions. Attributed to their capability of self-renewal and differentiation into most types of somatic cells, stem cells also hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine and drug screening. However, a major challenge remains as to achieve fate control of stem cells in vitro with high specificity and yield. Recent exciting advances in nanotechnology and materials science have enabled versatile, robust, and large-scale stem cell engineering in vitro through developments of synthetic nanotopographical surfaces mimicking topological features of stem cell niches. In addition to generating new insights for stem cell biology and embryonic development, this effort opens up unlimited opportunities for innovations in stem cell-based applications. This review is therefore to provide a summary of recent progress along this research direction, with perspectives focusing on emerging methods for generating nanotopographical surfaces and their applications in stem cell research. Furthermore, we provide a review of classical as well as emerging cellular mechano-sensing and -transduction mechanisms underlying stem cell nanotopography sensitivity and also give some hypotheses in regard to how a multitude of signaling events in cellular mechanotransduction may converge and be integrated into core pathways controlling stem cell fate in response to extracellular nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Miller NLG, Kleinschmidt EG, Schlaepfer DD. RhoGEFs in cell motility: novel links between Rgnef and focal adhesion kinase. Curr Mol Med 2014; 14:221-34. [PMID: 24467206 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140128110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rho guanine exchange factors (GEFs) are a large, diverse family of proteins defined by their ability to catalyze the exchange of GDP for GTP on small GTPase proteins such as Rho family members. GEFs act as integrators from varied intra- and extracellular sources to promote spatiotemporal activity of Rho GTPases that control signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and movement. Here we review recent studies elucidating roles of RhoGEF proteins in cell motility. Emphasis is placed on Dbl-family GEFs and connections to development, integrin signaling to Rho GTPases regulating cell adhesion and movement, and how these signals may enhance tumor progression. Moreover, RhoGEFs have additional domains that confer distinctive functions or specificity. We will focus on a unique interaction between Rgnef (also termed Arhgef28 or p190RhoGEF) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that controls migration properties of normal and tumor cells. This Rgnef-FAK interaction activates canonical GEF-dependent RhoA GTPase activity to govern contractility and also functions as a scaffold in a GEF-independent manner to enhance FAK activation. Recent studies have also brought to light the importance of specific regions within the Rgnef pleckstrin homology (PH) domain for targeting the membrane. As revealed by ongoing Rgnef-FAK investigations, exploring GEF roles in cancer will yield fundamental new information on the molecular mechanisms promoting tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D D Schlaepfer
- University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, Department of Reproductive Medicine, MC 0803, 3855 Health Sciences Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
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Armendáriz BG, Masdeu MDM, Soriano E, Ureña JM, Burgaya F. The diverse roles and multiple forms of focal adhesion kinase in brain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:3573-90. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G. Armendáriz
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Masdeu
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús M. Ureña
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
| | - Ferran Burgaya
- Department of Biologia Cellular; Fac Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal, 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Parc Científic de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Ciberned (ISC III); Madrid Spain
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Focal adhesion kinase function in neuronal development. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 27:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fife CM, McCarroll JA, Kavallaris M. Movers and shakers: cell cytoskeleton in cancer metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5507-23. [PMID: 24665826 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Metastasis is responsible for the greatest number of cancer deaths. Metastatic disease, or the movement of cancer cells from one site to another, is a complex process requiring dramatic remodelling of the cell cytoskeleton. The various components of the cytoskeleton, actin (microfilaments), microtubules (MTs) and intermediate filaments, are highly integrated and their functions are well orchestrated in normal cells. In contrast, mutations and abnormal expression of cytoskeletal and cytoskeletal-associated proteins play an important role in the ability of cancer cells to resist chemotherapy and metastasize. Studies on the role of actin and its interacting partners have highlighted key signalling pathways, such as the Rho GTPases, and downstream effector proteins that, through the cytoskeleton, mediate tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis. An emerging role for MTs in tumour cell metastasis is being unravelled and there is increasing interest in the crosstalk between key MT interacting proteins and the actin cytoskeleton, which may provide novel treatment avenues for metastatic disease. Improved understanding of how the cytoskeleton and its interacting partners influence tumour cell migration and metastasis has led to the development of novel therapeutics against aggressive and metastatic disease. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fife
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Distribution of SNAP25, VAMP1 and VAMP2 in mature and developing deep cerebellar nuclei after estrogen administration. Neuroscience 2014; 266:102-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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