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Baines O, Sha R, Kalla M, Holmes AP, Efimov IR, Pavlovic D, O’Shea C. Optical mapping and optogenetics in cardiac electrophysiology research and therapy: a state-of-the-art review. Europace 2024; 26:euae017. [PMID: 38227822 PMCID: PMC10847904 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
State-of-the-art innovations in optical cardiac electrophysiology are significantly enhancing cardiac research. A potential leap into patient care is now on the horizon. Optical mapping, using fluorescent probes and high-speed cameras, offers detailed insights into cardiac activity and arrhythmias by analysing electrical signals, calcium dynamics, and metabolism. Optogenetics utilizes light-sensitive ion channels and pumps to realize contactless, cell-selective cardiac actuation for modelling arrhythmia, restoring sinus rhythm, and probing complex cell-cell interactions. The merging of optogenetics and optical mapping techniques for 'all-optical' electrophysiology marks a significant step forward. This combination allows for the contactless actuation and sensing of cardiac electrophysiology, offering unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution and control. Recent studies have performed all-optical imaging ex vivo and achieved reliable optogenetic pacing in vivo, narrowing the gap for clinical use. Progress in optical electrophysiology continues at pace. Advances in motion tracking methods are removing the necessity of motion uncoupling, a key limitation of optical mapping. Innovations in optoelectronics, including miniaturized, biocompatible illumination and circuitry, are enabling the creation of implantable cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators with optoelectrical closed-loop systems. Computational modelling and machine learning are emerging as pivotal tools in enhancing optical techniques, offering new avenues for analysing complex data and optimizing therapeutic strategies. However, key challenges remain including opsin delivery, real-time data processing, longevity, and chronic effects of optoelectronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in optical mapping and optogenetics and outlines the promising future of optics in reshaping cardiac electrophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rina Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Manish Kalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher O’Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbastion, Wolfson Drive, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Sulthana S, Bhatti A, Mathew E, Quazi SH, Gaudreault NN, DeLong R, Aryal S. Synthetic graphene-copper nanocomposites interact with the hACE-2 enzyme and inhibit its biochemical activity. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:188-196. [PMID: 38125590 PMCID: PMC10729868 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the copper nanocomposite-induced enzymatic inhibition of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme-2 (hACE-2) by complex stabilization through the formation of the enzyme nanocomposite. The immediate application of this work is related to ACE-2 as a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Moreover, ACE-2 enzyme regulation is a potential therapeutic strategy in hypertension and cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung injury, and fibrotic disorders. Thus, inhibition of ACE-2 with nanocomposite therapy, may have pharmacologic application with regard to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Synthesized copper nanocomposites described here alone with a commercially available compound, were tested for their potential to inhibit hACE-2 activities. Following wet chemical synthesis, Cu/CuO nanoparticles and graphene-copper (GO-Cu) complexes were synthesized and characterized for their chemical integrity. Cu/CuO formed well-dispersed clusters of 390 ± 100 nm, that when complexed with the hACE-2 enzyme exhibited larger clusters of 506 ± 56 nm. The formation of the Cu/CuO and hACE-2 enzyme complex was monitored by analyzing the zeta potential, which reflected the surface charge distribution of the complex. A negatively charged Cu/CuO nanocomposite nearly becomes neutral when complexed with hACE-2 further assuring the complex formation. Formation of this complex and its inactivation of hACE-2 was evaluated using a standardized protocal for enzymatic activity. Similarly, carboxylate-functionalized graphene was complexed with copper, and its inhibitory effect was studied. Each step in the GO-Cu composite formation was monitored by characterizing its surface electrical properties, resulting in a decrease in its zeta potential and conductivity when complexed with copper. The interaction of the nanocomposites with hACE-2 was confirmed by 2D-FDS and gel electrophoresis analysis. GO-Cu was a rapid and efficacious inhibitor compared to Cu-CuO, especially at lower concentrations (2 μg ml-1). Considering the environmental friendliness of copper and graphene and their use in industries as surface coating materials, we anticipate that use of these composites once proven effective, may have future antimicrobial application. Utility of nanocomposites as antimicrobials, either as a surface antimicrobial or as an in vivo therapeutic, could be invisioned for use against current unknown and/or emergent pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukath Sulthana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX 75799 USA
| | - Abeera Bhatti
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Elza Mathew
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Sohel H Quazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX 75799 USA
- Department of Biology, Division of Natural and Computational Sciences, Texas College Tyler TX 75702 USA
| | - Natasha N Gaudreault
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | - Robert DeLong
- Landmark Bio, Innovation Development Laboratory Watertown MA 02472 USA
| | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, The Ben and Maytee Fisch College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler Tyler TX 75799 USA
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Sun X, Wang X, Booth AM, Zhu L, Sui Q, Chen B, Qu K, Xia B. New insights into the impact of polystyrene micro/nanoplastics on the nutritional quality of marine jacopever (Sebastes schlegelii). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166560. [PMID: 37633373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environments due to the wide use and mismanagement of plastics. However, the effect of MPs/NPs on the nutrition quality of economic species is poorly understood, and their underlying mechanisms remained unclear. We therefore investigated the impacts of polystyrene MPs/NPs on the nutrition composition of marine jacopever Sebastes schlegelii from the perspective of assimilation and metabolism. Results showed that NPs reduced more nutrition quality than MPs. Despite no notable impact on intestinal microbiota function, MPs/NPs influenced the assimilation of fish through intestinal damage. Furthermore, NPs induced greater damage to hepatocyte metabolism than MPs, caused by hepatocyte uptake through membrane protein pumps/channels and clathrin/caveolin-mediated endocytosis for NPs, while through phagocytosis/pinocytosis for MPs. NPs triggered more cell apoptosis signals in Ferroptosis and FoxO signaling pathways than MPs, destroying mitochondria structure. Compared with MP treatments, a significant upregulation of genes (PRODH and SLC25A25A) associated with the electron transfer chain of mitochondria was detected in the NP treatments, influencing the tricarboxylic acid cycle and interfering with liver metabolism of proteins, fatty acid, glycerol phospholipids, and carbohydrates. This work provides new insights into the potential impacts of MPs/NPs on the quality and safety of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xuru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Andy M Booth
- SINTEF Ocean, Department of Climate and Environment, Trondheim 7465, Norway.
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qi Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Xie L, Wang J, Song L, Jiang T, Yan F. Cell-cycle dependent nuclear gene delivery enhances the effects of E-cadherin against tumor invasion and metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:182. [PMID: 37150786 PMCID: PMC10164743 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery is the process by which foreign DNA is transferred to host cells, released from intracellular vesicles, and transported to the nuclei for transcription. This process is frequently inefficient and difficult to control spatiotemporally. We developed a gene delivery strategy that uses ultrasound to directly deliver plasmid DNA into nuclei via gas vesicles (GVs)-based intracellular cavitation. pDNA-binding GVs can be taken up by cells and cause intracellular cavitation when exposed to acoustic irradiation and delivering their pDNA payloads into nuclei. Importantly, GVs can remain stable in the cytoplasm in the absence of acoustic irradiation, allowing for temporally controlled nuclear gene delivery. We were able to achieve spatiotemporal control of E-cadherin nuclear gene delivery in this manner, demonstrating its efficacy in tumor invasion and metastasis inhibition. Interestingly, we discovered that nuclear gene delivery of E-cadherin during the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in C6 tumor cells inhibited tumor invasion and metastasis more effectively than during the G1 and S phases. The gene delivery of E-cadherin at the G2/M phase resulted in significantly lower expression of Fam50a, which reduced Fam50a/Runx2 interaction and led to reduced transactivation of MMP13, an important factor for epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as observed in a molecular mechanism assay. Thus, using remote acoustic control of intracellular cavitation of pDNA-GVs, we developed a high spatiotemporally controllable gene delivery strategy and achieved stronger tumor invasion and metastasis inhibition effects by delivering the E-cadherin gene at the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tianan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Wu Y, Shang H, Zheng X, Chu T. Post-Processing Trimming of Silicon Photonic Devices Using Femtosecond Laser. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1031. [PMID: 36985925 PMCID: PMC10059263 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication errors inevitably occur in device manufacturing owing to the limited processing accuracy of commercial silicon photonic processes. For silicon photonic devices, which are mostly processing-sensitive, their performances usually deteriorate significantly. This remains an unsolved issue for mass production, particularly for passive devices, because they cannot be adjusted once fixed in processes. This study presents a post-processing trimming method to compensate for fabrication errors by changing the cladding equivalent refractive indices of devices with femtosecond lasers. The experimental results show that the resonant wavelengths of micro-ring resonators can be regularly shifted within their free spectral range via tuning the illuminating area, focusing position, emitting power, and scanning speed of the trimming femtosecond laser with an acceptable loss increase. These experiments, as well as the trimming experiments in improving the phase balance of Mach-Zehnder interferometer switches, indicate that the femtosecond laser trimming method is an effective and fast method for silicon photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiaorui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Tao Chu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Goemaere I, Punj D, Harizaj A, Woolston J, Thys S, Sterck K, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Response Surface Methodology to Efficiently Optimize Intracellular Delivery by Photoporation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043147. [PMID: 36834558 PMCID: PMC9962540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoporation is an up-and-coming technology for the gentle and efficient transfection of cells. Inherent to the application of photoporation is the optimization of several process parameters, such as laser fluence and sensitizing particle concentration, which is typically done one factor at a time (OFAT). However, this approach is tedious and runs the risk of missing a global optimum. Therefore, in this study, we explored whether response surface methodology (RSM) would allow for more efficient optimization of the photoporation procedure. As a case study, FITC-dextran molecules of 500 kDa were delivered to RAW264.7 mouse macrophage-like cells, making use of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs) as photoporation sensitizers. Parameters that were varied to obtain an optimal delivery yield were PDNP size, PDNP concentration and laser fluence. Two established RSM designs were compared: the central composite design and the Box-Behnken design. Model fitting was followed by statistical assessment, validation, and response surface analysis. Both designs successfully identified a delivery yield optimum five- to eight-fold more efficiently than when using OFAT methodology while revealing a strong dependence on PDNP size within the design space. In conclusion, RSM proves to be a valuable approach to efficiently optimize photoporation conditions for a particular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Goemaere
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Deep Punj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Woolston
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karen Sterck
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-2648098; Fax: +32-9-2648189
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7
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Nanomaterial-mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:24-48. [PMID: 36584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of extrinsic molecules into living cells is becoming increasingly crucial in biological studies ranging from cell engineering to biomedical applications. The concerns regarding biosafety and immunogenicity for conventional vectors and physical methods yet challenge effective intracellular delivery. Here, we begin with an overview of approaches for trans-membrane delivery up to now. These methods are featured with a relatively mature application but usually encounter low cell survival. Our review then proposes an advanced application for nanomaterial-sensitized photoporation triggered with a laser. We cover the mechanisms, procedures, and outcomes of photoporation-induced intracellular delivery with a highlight on its versatility to different living cells. We hope the review discussed here encourages researchers to further improvement and applications for photoporation-induced intracellular delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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8
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Microsecond cell triple-sorting enabled by multiple pulse irradiation of femtosecond laser. Sci Rep 2023; 13:405. [PMID: 36624119 PMCID: PMC9829734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond-laser-assisted cell manipulation, as one of the high throughput cell sorting techniques, is tailored for single-step multiple sorting based on controllable impulsive force. In this paper, femtosecond laser pulses are focused within a pocket structure and they induce an impulse force acting on the flowing objects. The impulsive force is shown to be controllable by a new method to adjust the femtosecond pulse properties. This allows precise streamline manipulation of objects having various physical qualities (e.g., weight and volume). The pulse energy, pulse number, and pulse interval of the femtosecond laser are altered to determine the impulsive force strength. The method is validated in single cell or bead triple-sorting experiments and its capability to perform streamline manipulation in as little as 10 μs is shown. The shift profiles of the beads acting under the impulsive force are studied in order to better understand the sorting mechanism. Additionally, beads and cells with different fluorescence intensities are successfully detected and directed into different microchannels, with maximum success rates of 90% and 64.5%, respectively. To sum up, all results suggest that this method has the potential to sort arbitrary subpopulations by altering the number of femtosecond pulses and that it takes the first step toward developing a single-step multi-selective system.
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9
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Kateshiya MR, Desai ML, Malek NI, Kailasa SK. Advances in Ultra-small Fluorescence Nanoprobes for Detection of Metal Ions, Drugs, Pesticides and Biomarkers. J Fluoresc 2022; 33:775-798. [PMID: 36538145 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Identification of trace level chemical species (drugs, pesticides, metal ions and biomarkers) plays key role in environmental monitoring. Recently, fluorescence assay has shown significant advances in detecting of trace level drugs, pesticides, metal ions and biomarkers in real samples. Ultra-small nanostructure materials (metal nanoclusters (NCs), quantum dots (QDs) and carbon dots (CDs)) have been integrated with fluorescence spectrometer for sensitive and selective analysis of trace level target analytes in various samples including environmental and biological samples. This review summarizes the properties of metal NCs and ligand chemistry for the fabrication of metal NCs. We also briefly summarized the synthetic routes for the preparation of QDs and CDs. Advances of ultra-small fluorescent nanosensors (NCs, QDs and CDs) for sensing of metal ions, drugs, pesticides and biomarkers in various sample matrices are briefly discussed. Additionally, we discuss the recent challenges and future perspectives of ultra-small materials as fluorescent sensors for assaying of wide variety of target analytes in real samples.
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Heinemann D, Zabic M, Terakawa M, Boch J. Laser-based molecular delivery and its applications in plant science. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:82. [PMID: 35690858 PMCID: PMC9188231 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lasers enable modification of living and non-living matter with submicron precision in a contact-free manner which has raised the interest of researchers for decades. Accordingly, laser technologies have drawn interest across disciplines. They have been established as a valuable tool to permeabilize cellular membranes for molecular delivery in a process termed photoinjection. Laser-based molecular delivery was first reported in 1984, when normal kidney cells were successfully transfected with a frequency-multiplied Nd:YAG laser. Due to the rapid development of optical technologies, far more sophisticated laser platforms have become available. In particular, near infrared femtosecond (NIR fs) laser sources enable an increasing progress of laser-based molecular delivery procedures and opened up multiple variations and applications of this technique.This review is intended to provide a plant science audience with the physical principles as well as the application potentials of laser-based molecular delivery. The historical origins and technical development of laser-based molecular delivery are summarized and the principle physical processes involved in these approaches and their implications for practical use are introduced. Successful cases of laser-based molecular delivery in plant science will be reviewed in detail, and the specific hurdles that plant materials pose will be discussed. Finally, we will give an outlook on current limitations and possible future applications of laser-based molecular delivery in the field of plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Heinemann
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Miroslav Zabic
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburger Str. 17, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mitsuhiro Terakawa
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jens Boch
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
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11
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Light triggered nanoscale biolistics for efficient intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1996. [PMID: 35422038 PMCID: PMC9010410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biolistic intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules makes use of dense microparticles which are ballistically fired onto cells with a pressurized gun. While it has been used to transfect plant cells, its application to mammalian cells has met with limited success mainly due to high toxicity. Here we present a more refined nanotechnological approach to biolistic delivery with light-triggered self-assembled nanobombs (NBs) that consist of a photothermal core particle surrounded by smaller nanoprojectiles. Upon irradiation with pulsed laser light, fast heating of the core particle results in vapor bubble formation, which propels the nanoprojectiles through the cell membrane of nearby cells. We show successful transfection of both adherent and non-adherent cells with mRNA and pDNA, outperforming electroporation as the most used physical transfection technology by a factor of 5.5–7.6 in transfection yield. With a throughput of 104-105 cells per second, biolistic delivery with NBs offers scalable and highly efficient transfections of mammalian cells. Ballistic delivery with micro/nano-particles has been successfully used to transfect plant cells, however, has failed in mammalian cells due to toxic effects. Here, the authors report on a self-assembled nano-ballistic delivery system for the delivery of functional macromolecules and demonstrate efficient transfection of mammalian cells.
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12
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Van Hoeck J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-viral siRNA delivery to T cells: Challenges and opportunities in cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Lv S, Liang S, Zuo J, Zhang S, Wei D. Preparation and application of chitosan-based fluorescent probes. Analyst 2022; 147:4657-4673. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomass materials have abundant natural resources, renewability and good biochemical compatibility, so biomass-based fluorescent materials prepared from biomass materials have gradually become a research hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shan Liang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingjing Zuo
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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14
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Xiong R, Hua D, Van Hoeck J, Berdecka D, Léger L, De Munter S, Fraire JC, Raes L, Harizaj A, Sauvage F, Goetgeluk G, Pille M, Aalders J, Belza J, Van Acker T, Bolea-Fernandez E, Si T, Vanhaecke F, De Vos WH, Vandekerckhove B, van Hengel J, Raemdonck K, Huang C, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K. Photothermal nanofibres enable safe engineering of therapeutic cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1281-1291. [PMID: 34675410 PMCID: PMC7612007 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00976-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation is an upcoming approach for the intracellular delivery of biologics, combining high efficiency and throughput with excellent cell viability. However, as it relies on close contact between nanoparticles and cells, its translation towards clinical applications is hampered by safety and regulatory concerns. Here we show that light-sensitive iron oxide nanoparticles embedded in biocompatible electrospun nanofibres induce membrane permeabilization by photothermal effects without direct cellular contact with the nanoparticles. The photothermal nanofibres have been successfully used to deliver effector molecules, including CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes and short interfering RNA, to adherent and suspension cells, including embryonic stem cells and hard-to-transfect T cells, without affecting cell proliferation or phenotype. In vivo experiments furthermore demonstrated successful tumour regression in mice treated with chimeric antibody receptor T cells in which the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is downregulated after nanofibre photoporation with short interfering RNA to PD1. In conclusion, cell membrane permeabilization with photothermal nanofibres is a promising concept towards the safe and more efficient production of engineered cells for therapeutic applications, including stem cell or adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (Nanjing Forestry University-Ghent University), International Innovation for Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dawei Hua
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (Nanjing Forestry University-Ghent University), International Innovation for Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelter Van Hoeck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laurens Léger
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Raes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Pille
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Aalders
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Belza
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Van Acker
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eduardo Bolea-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ting Si
- Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Department of Chemistry, Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (Nanjing Forestry University-Ghent University), International Innovation for Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (Nanjing Forestry University-Ghent University), International Innovation for Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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15
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Wang J, Harizaj A, Wu Y, Jiang X, Brans T, Fraire JC, Mejía Morales J, De Smedt SC, Tang Z, Xiong R, Braeckmans K. Black phosphorus mediated photoporation: a broad absorption nanoplatform for intracellular delivery of macromolecules. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17049-17056. [PMID: 34622916 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-sensitized photoporation for intracellular delivery of external compounds usually relies on the use of spherical gold nanoparticles as sensitizing nanoparticles. As they need stimulation with visible laser light, they are less suited for transfection of cells in thick biological tissues. In this work, we have explored black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) as alternative sensitizing nanoparticles for photoporation with a broad and uniform absorption spectrum from the visible to the near infra-red (NIR) range. We demonstrate that BPQD sensitized photoporation allows efficient intracellular delivery of both siRNA (>80%) and mRNA (>40%) in adherent cells as well as in suspension cells. Cell viability remained high (>80%) irrespective of whether irradiation was performed with visible (532 nm) or near infrared (800 nm) pulsed laser light. Finally, as a proof of concept, we used BPQD sensitized photoporation to deliver macromolecules in cells with thick phantom tissue in the optical path. NIR laser irradiation resulted in only 1.3× reduction in delivery efficiency as compared to photoporation without the phantom gel, while with visible laser light the delivery efficiency was reduced 2×.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Wang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Photoelectric Detection Instrument Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Yongbo Wu
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Photoelectric Detection Instrument Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Photoelectric Detection Instrument Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Julián Mejía Morales
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Zhilie Tang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Photoelectric Detection Instrument Engineering Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), International Innovation for Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, Belgium
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16
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Ramon J, Xiong R, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Vapor nanobubble-mediated photoporation constitutes a versatile intracellular delivery technology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kumar S, Li A, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Optimization of intracellular macromolecule delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102431. [PMID: 34175453 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation is a novel delivery platform for intracellular molecule delivery. We studied the dependence of macromolecular delivery on molecular weight and sought to enhance delivery efficiency. DU145 prostate cancer cells were exposed to pulsed laser beam in the presence of carbon-black nanoparticles. Intracellular uptake of molecules decreased with increasing molecular weight. Attributing this dependence to molecular diffusivity, we hypothesized that macromolecular delivery efficiency could be enhanced by increasing either laser fluence or laser exposure duration at low fluence. We observed increased percentages of macromolecule uptake by cells in both cases. However, trade-off between cell uptake and viability loss was most favorable at low laser fluence (25-29 mJ/cm2) and longer exposure durations (4-5 min). We conclude that long exposure at low laser fluence optimizes intracellular macromolecule delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, which may be explained by longer time for macromolecules to diffuse into cells, during and between laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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18
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Kumar S, Lazau E, Kim C, N Thadhani N, R Prausnitz M. Serum Protects Cells and Increases Intracellular Delivery of Molecules by Nanoparticle-Mediated Photoporation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3707-3724. [PMID: 34103912 PMCID: PMC8180297 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s307027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intracellular delivery of molecules is central to applications in biotechnology, medicine, and basic research. Nanoparticle-mediated photoporation using carbon black nanoparticles exposed to pulsed, near-infrared laser irradiation offers a physical route to create transient cell membrane pores, enabling intracellular delivery. However, nanoparticle-mediated photoporation, like other physical intracellular delivery technologies, necessitates a trade-off between achieving efficient uptake of exogenous molecules and maintaining high cell viability. Methods In this study, we sought to shift this balance by adding serum to cells during nanoparticle-mediated photoporation as a viability protectant. DU-145 prostate cancer cells and human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to laser irradiation in the presence of carbon black (CB) nanoparticles and other formulation additives, including fetal bovine serum (FBS) and polymers. Results Our studies showed that FBS can protect cells from viability loss, even at high-fluence laser irradiation conditions that lead to high levels of intracellular delivery in two different mammalian cell types. Further studies revealed that full FBS was not needed: viability protection was achieved with denatured FBS, with just the high molecular weight fraction of FBS (>30 kDa), or even with individual proteins like albumin or hemoglobin. Finally, we found that viability protection was also obtained using certain neutral water-soluble polymers, including Pluronic F127, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), and polyethylene glycol, which were more effective at increased concentration, molecular weight, or hydrophobicity. Conclusion Altogether, these findings suggest an interaction between amphiphilic domains of polymers with the cell membrane to help cells maintain viability, possibly by facilitating transmembrane pore closure. In this way, serum components or synthetic polymers can be used to increase intracellular delivery by nanoparticle-mediated photoporation while maintaining high cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simple Kumar
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Eunice Lazau
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Carter Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30318, USA
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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19
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Zhang Y, Ma Z, Zhang Y, Li B, Feng M, Zhao Y, An Q. Biofriendly molecular and protein release substrate with integrated piezoelectric motivation and anti-oxidative stress capabilities. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8481-8489. [PMID: 33908572 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered piezoelectrically active molecular or protein delivery devices have provoked great interest in recent years. However, electric fields used to promote delivery or healing may also induce the redox of water or oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bring unintended oxidative pressure to the organism and harm biological functions. In addition, protein molecules are easily inactivated in the polymer reservoir matrix due to the pull of strong electrostatic effects. In this study, a multifunctional molecular delivery substrate was fabricated by integrating a piezoelectric-dielectric polymeric substrate, nanoscopic polyelectrolyte films and in-film deposited biomimetic porous CaP coating. The piezoelectric substrate promoted molecular release, and the mineralized coating effectively stored molecules or proteins and simultaneously eliminated ROS, reducing the oxidative stress response generated by oxidative pressure. The present work opens a new way for the development of multifunctional and biofriendly drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zequn Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Biao Li
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of CPLA, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Mengchun Feng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of CPLA, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yantao Zhao
- Institute of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of CPLA, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Orthopedics Implants, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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20
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Tang H, Wang J, Yu L, Zhang S, Yang H, Li X, Brash JL, Wang L, Chen H. Ultrahigh Efficiency and Minimalist Intracellular Delivery of Macromolecules Mediated by Latent-Photothermal Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12594-12602. [PMID: 33661595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of exogenous macromolecules by photothermal methods is still not widely employed despite its universal and clear effect on cell membrane rupture. The main causes are the unsatisfactory delivery efficiency, poor cell activity, poor cell harvest, and sophisticated operation; these challenges stem from the difficulty of simply controlling laser hotspots. Here, we constructed latent-photothermal surfaces based on multiwall carbon nanotube-doped poly(dimethyl siloxane), which can deliver cargoes with high delivery efficiency and cell viability. Also, cell release and harvest efficiencies were not affected by coordinating the hotspot content and surface structure. This system is suitable for use with a wide range of cell lines, including hard-to-transfect types. The delivery efficiency and cell viability were shown to be greater than 85 and 80%, respectively, and the cell release and harvest efficiency were greater than 95 and 80%, respectively. Moreover, this system has potential application prospects in the field of cell therapy, including stem cell neural differentiation and dendritic cell vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Tang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liying Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - He Yang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Li
- Suzhou Seemine-Nebula Biotech Company Ltd, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - John L Brash
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L7, Canada
| | - Lei Wang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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Kozlova A, Bratashov D, Grishin O, Abdurashitov A, Prikhozhdenko E, Verkhovskii R, Shushunova N, Shashkov E, Zharov VP, Inozemtseva O. Dynamic blood flow phantom for in vivo liquid biopsy standardization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1185. [PMID: 33441866 PMCID: PMC7806591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo liquid biopsy, especially using the photoacoustic (PA) method, demonstrated high clinical potential for early diagnosis of deadly diseases such as cancer, infections, and cardiovascular disorders through the detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs), bacteria, and clots in the blood background. However, little progress has been made in terms of standardization of these techniques, which is crucial to validate their high sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility. In the present study, we addressed this important demand by introducing a dynamic blood vessel phantom with flowing mimic normal and abnormal cells. The light transparent silica microspheres were used as white blood cells and platelets phantoms, while hollow polymeric capsules, filled with hemoglobin and melanin, reproduced red blood cells and melanoma CTCs, respectively. These phantoms were successfully used for calibration of the PA flow cytometry platform with high-speed signal processing. The results suggest that these dynamic cell flow phantoms with appropriate biochemical, optical, thermal, and acoustic properties can be promising for the establishment of standardization tool for calibration of PA, fluorescent, Raman, and other detection methods of in vivo flow cytometry and liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kozlova
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil Bratashov
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Oleg Grishin
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Arkadii Abdurashitov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Roman Verkhovskii
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Natalia Shushunova
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Evgeny Shashkov
- grid.424964.90000 0004 0637 9699Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Zharov
- grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - Olga Inozemtseva
- grid.446088.60000 0001 2179 0417Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
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22
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Raes L, Stremersch S, Fraire JC, Brans T, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, Van Hoecke L, Verbeke R, Van Hoeck J, Xiong R, Saelens X, Vandekerckhove B, De Smedt S, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Intracellular Delivery of mRNA in Adherent and Suspension Cells by Vapor Nanobubble Photoporation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:185. [PMID: 34138203 PMCID: PMC7770675 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and safe cell engineering by transfection of nucleic acids remains one of the long-standing hurdles for fundamental biomedical research and many new therapeutic applications, such as CAR T cell-based therapies. mRNA has recently gained increasing attention as a more safe and versatile alternative tool over viral- or DNA transposon-based approaches for the generation of adoptive T cells. However, limitations associated with existing nonviral mRNA delivery approaches hamper progress on genetic engineering of these hard-to-transfect immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that gold nanoparticle-mediated vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation is a promising upcoming physical transfection method capable of delivering mRNA in both adherent and suspension cells. Initial transfection experiments on HeLa cells showed the importance of transfection buffer and cargo concentration, while the technology was furthermore shown to be effective for mRNA delivery in Jurkat T cells with transfection efficiencies up to 45%. Importantly, compared to electroporation, which is the reference technology for nonviral transfection of T cells, a fivefold increase in the number of transfected viable Jurkat T cells was observed. Altogether, our results point toward the use of VNB photoporation as a more gentle and efficient technology for intracellular mRNA delivery in adherent and suspension cells, with promising potential for the future engineering of cells in therapeutic and fundamental research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Raes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelter Van Hoeck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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McGraw E, Dissanayaka RH, Vaughan JC, Kunte N, Mills G, Laurent GM, Avila LA. Laser-Assisted Delivery of Molecules in Fungal Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6167-6176. [PMID: 35021749 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections are becoming a global health problem. A major limiting factor for the development of antifungals is the high impermeability of the rigid and thick fungal cell wall. Compared to mammalian cells, fungal cells are more resilient to perforation due to the presence of this carbohydrate armor. While a few methods have been reported to penetrate the fungal cell wall, such as electroporation, biolistics, glass beads, and the use of monovalent cations, such methods are generally time-consuming, compromise cell viability, and often lead to low permeation rates. In addition, their use remains limited to in vitro applications due to the collateral damage that these techniques could cause to healthy living tissues. Presented in this study is a delivery approach based on the generation of transient breaks, or pores, in the cell wall. Breaks are generated by cavitation and shock waves resulting from the irradiation of gold nanoparticles with a femtosecond infrared laser. Such an approach enabled the delivery of membrane impermeable molecules (i.e., calcein and plasmid DNA) into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a fungal model organism. This method is expected to exhibit high biocompatibility and holds potential for clinical applications for the treatment of fungal infections given that neither the laser irradiation nor the nanoparticles have been found to damage cells. Mechanistical aspects of photoporation, such as the proximity needed between the nanoparticle and the cell membrane for these processes to take place, are also discussed. Hence, the laser-assisted drug delivery approach described here is suitable for further preclinical evaluation in oral, vaginal, and skin mycoses where current treatments are insufficient due to host-related adverse reactions, poor fungal cell penetration, or risk of developing antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin McGraw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Radini H Dissanayaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - John C Vaughan
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Nitish Kunte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - G Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Guillaume M Laurent
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - L Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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24
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Yao C, Rudnitzki F, He Y, Zhang Z, Hüttmann G, Rahmanzadeh R. Cancer cell-specific protein delivery by optoporation with laser-irradiated gold nanorods. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000017. [PMID: 32306554 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of macromolecules into living cells is challenging since in most cases molecules are endocytosed and remain in the endo-lysosomal pathway where they are degraded before reaching their target. Here, a method is presented to selectively improve cell membrane permeability by nanosecond laser irradiation of gold nanorods (GNRs) with visible or near-infrared irradiation in order to deliver proteins across the plasma membrane, avoiding the endo lysosomal pathway. GNRs were labeled with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antibody Erbitux to target human ovarian carcinoma cells OVCAR-3. Irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses at wavelengths of 532 nm or 730 nm is used for transient permeabilization of the cell membranes. As a result of the irradiation, the uptake of an anti-Ki-67 antibody was observed in about 50 % of the cells. The results of fluorescence lifetime imaging show that the GNR detached from the membrane after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Rudnitzki
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yida He
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for lung Research (dZl), Kiel, Germany
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25
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Santra TS, Kar S, Chen TC, Chen CW, Borana J, Lee MC, Tseng FG. Near-infrared nanosecond-pulsed laser-activated highly efficient intracellular delivery mediated by nano-corrugated mushroom-shaped gold-coated polystyrene nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12057-12067. [PMID: 32469040 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, an efficient intracellular delivery of molecules with high cell viability is reported using nanosecond-pulsed laser-activated plasmonic photoporation, mediated by high-aspect-ratio nano-corrugated mushroom-shaped gold-coated polystyrene nanoparticles (nm-AuPNPs) at near-infrared wavelength. Upon pulsed laser illumination, nm-AuPNPs exhibit greater plasmonic extinction than spherical AuPNPs, which increase their energy efficiency and reduce the necessary illumination of light, effectively controlling cell damage and improving the delivery efficiency. Nm-AuPNPs exhibit surface plasmon absorption at near infrared region with a peak at 945 nm. Pulsed laser illumination at this plasmon peak triggers explosive nanobubbles, which create transient membrane pores, allowing the delivery of dyes, quantum dots and plasmids into the different cell types. The results can be tuned by laser fluence, exposure time, molecular size and concentration of nm-AuPNPs. The best results are found for CL1-0 cells, which yielded a 94% intracellular PI dye uptake and ∼100% cell viability at 35 mJ cm-2 laser fluence for 945 nm wavelength. Thus, the presented approach has proven to have an inevitable potential for biological cell research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Te-Chang Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Jayant Borana
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chang Lee
- Institute of Photonics Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. and Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan and Division of Mechanics, Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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26
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Agabeigi R, Rasta SH, Rahmati-Yamchi M, Salehi R, Alizadeh E. Novel Chemo-Photothermal Therapy in Breast Cancer Using Methotrexate-Loaded Folic Acid Conjugated Au@SiO 2 Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:62. [PMID: 32189075 PMCID: PMC7080937 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-3295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is known as a safe type of phototherapy to target tumor tissue/cells. Besides, using targeted nanoparticles increases the successfulness of cancer therapy. This study was designed for investigating the combined effect of folate (FA)/Methotrexate (MTX) loaded silica coated gold (Au@SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) and LLLT on the fight against breast cancer.NPs were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, TEM and DLS-Zeta. The NPs had spherical morphology with mean diameter of around 25 nm and positive charge (+13.3 mV) while after conjugation with FA and MTX their net charge reduced to around -19.7 mV.Our findings in cell uptake studies clearly showed enhanced cellular uptake of NPs after FA and MTX loaded NPs in both breast cancer cell lines especially on MDA-MB-231 due to high expression of folate receptors. The results indicated that LLLT had a proliferative effect on both breast cancer cell lines but in the presence of engineered breast cancer targeted nanoparticle, the efficacy of combination chemo-photothermal therapy was significantly increased using MTT assay (p<0.05), DAPI staining, and cell cycle findings. The highest apoptotic effect on breast cancer cell lines was observed in the cells exposed to a combination of MTX-FA loaded Au@SiO2 NP and LLLT proved by DAPI staining and cell cycle(by increasing the cell arrest in subG0/G1). Taken together a combination of chemotherapy and LLLT improves the potential of breast cancer therapy with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Agabeigi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati-Yamchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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27
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Photoacoustic effect applied on model membranes and living cells: direct observation with multiphoton excitation microscopy and long-term viability analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:299. [PMID: 31941922 PMCID: PMC6962462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The photoacoustic effect is generated when a variable light interacts with a strongly light-absorbing material. In water, it may produce hot bubbles and shock waves that could affect the integrity of nearby cellular membranes, opening transient pores (photoporation). In this study, we have evaluated the effect of pulsed laser-irradiated carbon nanoparticles (cNP) on model membranes and on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of calcein-loaded liposomes support the notion that the photoacoustic effect causes transient openings in membranes, allowing diffusion fluxes driven by gradient concentrations. With CHO cells, we have shown that this effect can induce either intracellular delivery of calcein, or release of cellular compounds. The latter process has been recorded live with multiphoton excitation microscopy during pulsed infrared laser irradiation. Calcein loading and cell viability were assayed by flow cytometry, measuring necrotic cells as well as those in early apoptosis. To further assess long-term cell recovery after the rather harsh treatment, cells were reseeded and their behaviour recorded for 48 h. These extended studies on cell viability show that pulsed laser cNP photoporation may be considered an adequate intracellular delivery technique only if employed with soft irradiation conditions (below 50 mJ/cm2).
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28
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Liu Y, Li J, Chen H, Cai Y, Sheng T, Wang P, Li Z, Yang F, Gu N. Magnet-activatable nanoliposomes as intracellular bubble microreactors to enhance drug delivery efficacy and burst cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18854-18865. [PMID: 31596307 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr07021d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To address the thereapeutic challenges in clinical cancer treatment and guarantee efficient and rapid intracellular delivery of drugs while evading efflux and chemotherapy resistance, herein, we designed a liposomal nanostructure equipped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) and anethole trithione (ADT, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor drug). At first, by spatially focused manipulation of the external static magnetic field (SMF), the SPIOs and ADT-loaded liposomes (SPIOs-ADT-LPs) could rapidly overcome the cell membrane barrier to enter the cytoplasm, which could be imaged by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sequentially, the intracellular release of ADT drugs was triggered by enzymatic catalysis to generate acoustic-sensitive H2S gas. At the beginning, during the production of H2S at low concentrations, the cell membrane could be permeabilized to further increase the cellular uptake of SPIOs-ADT-LPs. The continued generation of H2S gas bubbles, imaged by ultrasound (US) imaging, further enhanced the intracellular hydrostatic pressure (above 320 pN per cell) to physically unfold the cytoskeleton, leading to complete cell death. The magneto-acoustic approach based on SPIO-ADT-LPs as intracellular bubble reactors leads to improved anticancer cell efficacy and has potential applications for novel MRI/US dual image-guided bubble bursting of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Heming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Tianyu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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29
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Gill HS. Introduction to Editorial Board Member: Professor Mark R. Prausnitz. Bioeng Transl Med 2019. [PMCID: PMC6764798 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder S. Gill
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTexas Tech University Lubbock Texas
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30
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Yu D, Li G, Liu W, Li Y, Song Z, Wang H, Guan F, Chen X. A fluorescent pickering-emulsion stabilizer prepared using carbon nitride quantum dots and laponite nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Ye Y, Wang J, Sun W, Bomba HN, Gu Z. Topical and Transdermal Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy. Bioanalysis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01775-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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32
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Du X, Wang J, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Yao C. Advanced physical techniques for gene delivery based on membrane perforation. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:1516-1525. [PMID: 29968512 PMCID: PMC6058615 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1480674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery as a promising and valid tool has been used for treating many serious diseases that conventional drug therapies cannot cure. Due to the advancement of physical technology and nanotechnology, advanced physical gene delivery methods such as electroporation, magnetoporation, sonoporation and optoporation have been extensively developed and are receiving increasing attention, which have the advantages of briefness and nontoxicity. This review introduces the technique detail of membrane perforation, with a brief discussion for future development, with special emphasis on nanoparticles mediated optoporation that have developed as an new alternative transfection technique in the last two decades. In particular, the advanced physical approaches development and new technology are highlighted, which intends to stimulate rapid advancement of perforation techniques, develop new delivery strategies and accelerate application of these techniques in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- a Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation , School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
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33
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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34
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Zhai Y, Ran W, Su J, Lang T, Meng J, Wang G, Zhang P, Li Y. Traceable Bioinspired Nanoparticle for the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer via NIR-Trigged Intracellular Delivery of Methylene Blue and Cisplatin. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802378. [PMID: 29989211 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) eliminates abnormal cells through target recognition-triggered intracellular toxin delivery. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell improves cancer cell recognition of CTL, but its effectiveness and safety in solid tumor treatment are still hampered by poor tumor infiltration, suppressive tumor microenvironment, and severe on-target off-tumor toxicity. Given the functionality and challenges of CTL in cancer therapy, herein, a CTL-inspired nanovesicle (MPV) with a cell membrane-derived shell and a methylene blue (MB) and cisplatin (Pt) loaded gelatin nanogel core is created. The MPV generates contrast for tumor photoacoustic imaging, and produces hyperthermia upon laser irradiation, enabling photothermal imaging and deep tumor penetration. Meanwhile, it releases MB and Pt, and then delivers them into the cytosol of cancer cells, which process can be visualized by imaging the recovery of MB-derived fluorescence. The localized hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy together kill 4T1 breast cancer cells effectively, resulting in primary tumor regression and 97% inhibition of pulmonary metastasis, without significant toxicity to the animals. Taken together, the MPV shows tumor-specific and stimuli-triggered intracellular toxin delivery with advantages in traceable accumulation and activation, high tumor penetration, and triple combination therapy, and thus can be an effective nanomedicine for combating metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinghan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianqun Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, 30 Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, China
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35
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Otake S, Okuro K, Bochicchio D, Pavan GM, Aida T. Nitrobenzoxadiazole-Appended Cell Membrane Modifiers for Efficient Optoporation with Noncoherent Light. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2068-2073. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saya Otake
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for
Emergent
Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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36
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Benzoxazine derivatives of phytophenols show anti-plasmodial activity via sodium homeostasis disruption. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1629-1637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Holguin SY, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Effect of laser fluence, nanoparticle concentration and total energy input per cell on photoporation of cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1667-1677. [PMID: 29719217 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of molecules can be increased by laser-exposure of carbon black nanoparticles to cause photoporation of the cells. Here we sought to determine effects of multiple laser exposure parameters on intracellular uptake and cell viability with the goal of determining a single unifying parameter that predicts cellular bioeffects. DU145 human prostate cancer cells in suspension with nanoparticles were exposed to near-infrared nanosecond laser pulses over a range of experimental conditions. Increased bioeffects (i.e., uptake and viability loss determined by flow cytometry) were seen when increasing laser fluence, number of pulses and nanoparticle concentration, and decreasing cell concentration. Bioeffects caused by different combinations of these four parameters were generally predicted by their cumulative energy input per cell, which served as a unifying parameter. This indicates that photoporation depends on what appears to be the cumulative effect of multiple cell-nanoparticle interactions from neighboring nanoparticles during a series of laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Y Holguin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Holguin SY, Gray MD, Joseph P, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Photoporation Using Carbon Nanotubes for Intracellular Delivery of Molecules and Its Relationship to Photoacoustic Pressure. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29205931 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of carbon-black (CB) nanoparticles to near-infrared nanosecond-pulsed laser energy can cause efficient intracellular delivery of molecules by photoporation. Here, cellular bioeffects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are compared to those of CB nanoparticles. In DU145 prostate-cancer cells, photoporation using CB nanoparticles transitions from (i) cells with molecular uptake to (ii) nonviable cells to (iii) fragmented cells with increasing laser fluence, as seen previously. In contrast, photoporation with MWCNTs causes uptake and, at higher fluence, fragmentation, but does not generate nonviable cells, and SWCNTs show little evidence of bioeffects, except at extreme laser conditions, which generate nonviable cells and fragmentation, but no significant uptake. These different behaviors cannot be explained by photoacoustic pressure output from the particles. All particle types emit a single, ≈100 ns, mostly positive-pressure pulse that increases in amplitude with laser fluence. Different particle types emit different peak pressures, which are highest for SWCNTs, followed by CB nanoparticles and then MWCNTs, which does not correlate with cellular bioeffects between different particle types. This study concludes that cellular bioeffects depend strongly on the type of carbon nanoparticle used during photoporation and that photoacoustic pressure is unlikely to play a direct mechanistic role in the observed bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Y. Holguin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Michael D. Gray
- Institute of BME U. Oxford Chem & Biomolecular Eng, GaTech Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Princeton Joseph
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Naresh N. Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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Meacham JM, Durvasula K, Degertekin FL, Fedorov AG. Enhanced intracellular delivery via coordinated acoustically driven shear mechanoporation and electrophoretic insertion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3727. [PMID: 29487375 PMCID: PMC5829135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of large and structurally complex target molecules into cells is vital to the emerging areas of cellular modification and molecular therapy. Inadequacy of prevailing in vivo (viral) and in vitro (liposomal) gene transfer methods for delivery of proteins and a growing diversity of synthetic nanomaterials has encouraged development of alternative physical approaches. Efficacy of injury/diffusion-based delivery via shear mechanoporation is largely insensitive to cell type and target molecule; however, enhanced flexibility is typically accompanied by reduced gene transfer effectiveness. We detail a method to improve transfection efficiency through coordinated mechanical disruption of the cell membrane and electrophoretic insertion of DNA to the cell interior. An array of micromachined nozzles focuses ultrasonic pressure waves, creating a high-shear environment that promotes transient pore formation in membranes of transmitted cells. Acoustic Shear Poration (ASP) allows passive cytoplasmic delivery of small to large nongene macromolecules into established and primary cells at greater than 75% efficiency. Addition of an electrophoretic action enables active transport of target DNA molecules to substantially augment transfection efficiency of passive mechanoporation/diffusive delivery without affecting viability. This two-stage poration/insertion method preserves the compelling flexibility of shear-based delivery, yet substantially enhances capabilities for active transport and transfection of plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Meacham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | | | - F Levent Degertekin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrei G Fedorov
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Nanographene oxide as a switch for CW/pulsed NIR laser triggered drug release from liposomes. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Holguin SY, Anderson CF, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Role of cytoskeletal mechanics and cell membrane fluidity in the intracellular delivery of molecules mediated by laser‐activated carbon nanoparticles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Y. Holguin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332
| | - Caleb F. Anderson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332
| | - Naresh N. Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgia 30332
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Sengupta A, Gray MD, Kelly SC, Holguin SY, Thadhani NN, Prausnitz MR. Energy Transfer Mechanisms during Molecular Delivery to Cells by Laser-Activated Carbon Nanoparticles. Biophys J 2017; 112:1258-1269. [PMID: 28355552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that exposure of carbon black nanoparticles to nanosecond pulsed near-infrared laser causes intracellular delivery of molecules through hypothesized transient breaks in the cell membrane. The goal of this study is to determine the underlying mechanisms of sequential energy transfer from laser light to nanoparticle to fluid medium to cell. We found that laser pulses on a timescale of 10 ns rapidly heat carbon nanoparticles to temperatures on the order of 1200 K. Heat is transferred from the nanoparticles to the surrounding aqueous medium on a similar timescale, causing vaporization of the surrounding water and generation of acoustic emissions. Nearby cells can be impacted thermally by the hot bubbles and mechanically by fluid mechanical forces to transiently increase cell membrane permeability. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that transfer of momentum and/or heat from the bubbles to the cells are the dominant mechanisms of energy transfer that results in intracellular uptake of molecules. We further conclude that neither thermal expansion of the nanoparticles nor a carbon-steam chemical reaction play a significant role in the observed effects on cells, and that acoustic pressure appears to be concurrent with, but not essential to, the observed bioeffects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sengupta
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael D Gray
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean C Kelly
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefany Y Holguin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Naresh N Thadhani
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Dagallier A, Boulais E, Boutopoulos C, Lachaine R, Meunier M. Multiscale modeling of plasmonic enhanced energy transfer and cavitation around laser-excited nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:3023-3032. [PMID: 28182187 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr08773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale bubbles generated around laser-excited metallic nanoparticles are promising candidates for targeted drug and gene delivery in living cells. The development of new nanomaterials for efficient nanobubble-based therapy is however limited by the lack of reliable computational approaches for the prediction of their size and dynamics, due to the wide range of time and space scales involved. In this work, we present a multiscale modeling framework that segregates the various channels of plasmon de-excitation and energy transfer to describe the generation and dynamics of plasmonic nanobubbles. Detailed comparison with time-resolved shadowgraph imaging and spectroscopy data demonstrates that the bubble size, dynamics, and formation threshold can be quantitatively predicted for various types of nanostructures and irradiation parameters, with an error smaller than the experimental uncertainty. Our model in addition provides crucial physical insights into non-linear interactions in the near-field that should guide the experimental design of nanoplasmonic materials for nanobubble-based applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Dagallier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Etienne Boulais
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada. and Laboratory of Biosensors and Nanomachines, Department of Chemistry, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christos Boutopoulos
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada. and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Rémi Lachaine
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Michel Meunier
- Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Mandal Goswami M. Synthesis of Micelles Guided Magnetite (Fe 3O 4) Hollow Spheres and their application for AC Magnetic Field Responsive Drug Release. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35721. [PMID: 27796329 PMCID: PMC5086844 DOI: 10.1038/srep35721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on synthesis of hollow spheres of magnetite, guided by micelles and their application in drug release by the stimulus responsive technique. Here oleyelamine micelles are used as the core substance for the formation of magnetite nano hollow spheres (NHS). Diameter and shell thickness of NHS have been changed by changing concentration of the micelles. Mechanism of NHS formation has been established by investigating the aliquot collected at different time during the synthesis of NHS. It has been observed that oleyelamine as micelles play an important role to generate hollow-sphere particles of different diameter and thickness just by varying its amount. Structural analysis was done by XRD measurement and morphological measurements, SEM and TEM were performed to confirm the shape and size of the NHS. FTIR measurement support the formation of magnetite phase too. Frequency dependent AC magnetic measurements and AC magnetic field stimulated drug release event by these particles provide a direction of the promising application of these NHS for better cancer treatment in near future. Being hollow &porous in structure and magnetic in nature, such materials will also be useful in other applications such as in removal of toxic materials, magnetic separation etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Mandal Goswami
- Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block JD, sector III, Salt lake, Kolkata 700098, India
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Liu K, Jiang X, Hunziker P. Carbohydrate-based amphiphilic nano delivery systems for cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16091-16156. [PMID: 27714108 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04489a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are novel drug delivery systems that have been attracting more and more attention in recent years, and have been used for the treatment of cancer, infection, inflammation and other diseases. Among the numerous classes of materials employed for constructing NPs, organic polymers are outstanding due to the flexibility of design and synthesis and the ease of modification and functionalization. In particular, NP based amphiphilic polymers make a great contribution to the delivery of poorly-water soluble drugs. For example, natural, biocompatible and biodegradable products like polysaccharides are widely used as building blocks for the preparation of such drug delivery vehicles. This review will detail carbohydrate based amphiphilic polymeric systems for cancer therapy. Specifically, it focuses on the nature of the polymer employed for the preparation of targeted nanocarriers, the synthetic methods, as well as strategies for the application and evaluation of biological activity. Applications of the amphiphilic polymer systems include drug delivery, gene delivery, photosensitizer delivery, diagnostic imaging and specific ligand-assisted cellular uptake. As a result, a thorough understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and biological properties facilitate the optimal design and rational clinical application of the resulting carbohydrate based nano delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegang Liu
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hunziker
- Nanomedicine Research Lab CLINAM, University Hospital Basel, Bernoullistrasse 20, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland. and CLINAM Foundation for Clinical Nanomedicine, Alemannengasse 12, Basel, CH-4016, Switzerland.
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Jumelle C, Mauclair C, Houzet J, Bernard A, He Z, Forest F, Perrache C, Gain P, Thuret G. Delivery of macromolecules into the endothelium of whole ex vivo human cornea by femtosecond laser-activated carbon nanoparticles. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 100:1151-6. [PMID: 27226345 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The targeted delivery of drugs or genes into corneal endothelial cells (ECs) during eye banking could help improve graft quality and quantity. Physical methods raising less safety concerns than viral ones, we previously adapted, for in vitro ECs, a recent innovative technique of drug delivery based on the activation of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) by a femtosecond laser (fsL). The aim of the present pilot study was to adapt this method to enable molecule delivery into the intact endothelium of ex vivo human corneas. METHODS ECs from 40 organ-cultured corneas were perforated by photoacoustic reaction induced by irradiation of CNPs by a fsL. This enabled intracellular delivery of Alexa Fluor 488 dextran, a 4000 Da fluorescent macromolecule. The influence of increasing laser fluences (15, 20, 30 and 40 mJ/cm(2)) and of protective additives (ROCK inhibitor and poloxamer 407) on delivery and mortality rates was quantified using ImageJ. RESULTS No dextran was delivered with a fluence lower than 20 mJ/cm(2). Dextran was delivered into 3% (range 0%-7%) of cells at 20 mJ/cm(2), 7% (range 2%-12%) at 30 mJ/cm(2) and reaching a median 13% (range 3%-24%) for 40 mJ/cm(2), showing that dextran uptake by ECs increased significantly with fluence. Induced mortality varied from 0% to 53% irrespective of fluence, but likely to be related with the endothelial status (EC density and morphometry, donor age, storage duration and presence of Descemet's folds). ROCK inhibitor slightly increased uptake efficiency, unlike poloxamer. However, none of them decreased the mortality induced by laser. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a macromolecule can be delivered specifically into ECs of a whole organ-cultured human cornea, using fsL-activated CNPs. The delivery rate was relatively high for a non-viral method. Further optimisation is required to understand and reduce variability in cell mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clotilde Jumelle
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, UMR-CNRS 5516, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France Manutech-USD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Julien Houzet
- Hubert Curien Laboratory, UMR-CNRS 5516, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France Manutech-USD, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Aurélien Bernard
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chantal Perrache
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Corneal Graft Biology, Engineering and Imaging Laboratory, EA2521, Federative Institute of Research in Sciences and Health Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Ishii A, Ariyasu K, Mitsuhashi T, Heinemann D, Heisterkamp A, Terakawa M. Biodegradable microsphere-mediated cell perforation in microfluidic channel using femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:55001. [PMID: 27156714 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of small particles has expanded the capability of ultrashort pulsed laser optoinjection technology toward simultaneous treatment of multiple cells. The microfluidic platform is one of the attractive systems that has obtained synergy with laser-based technology for cell manipulation, including optoinjection. We have demonstrated the delivery of molecules into suspended-flowing cells in a microfluidic channel by using biodegradable polymer microspheres and a near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse. The use of polylactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres realized not only a higher optoinjection ratio compared to that with polylactic acid microspheres but also avoids optical damage to the microfluidic chip, which is attributable to its higher optical intensity enhancement at the localized spot under a microsphere. Interestingly, optoinjection ratios to nucleus showed a difference for adhered cells and suspended cells. The use of biodegradable polymer microspheres provides high throughput optoinjection; i.e., multiple cells can be treated in a short time, which is promising for various applications in cell analysis, drug delivery, and ex vivo gene transfection to bone marrow cells and stem cells without concerns about residual microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Ishii
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ariyasu
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Mitsuhashi
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Dag Heinemann
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Biomedical Optics Department, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover D- 30419, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Biomedical Optics Department, Hollerithallee 8, Hannover D- 30419, GermanycGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Quantum Optics, Am Welfengarten 1, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Mitsuhiro Terakawa
- Keio University, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Sengupta A, Mezencev R, McDonald JF, Prausnitz MR. Delivery of siRNA to ovarian cancer cells using laser-activated carbon nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1775-84. [PMID: 26080699 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The RNAi-mediated knockdown of gene expression is an attractive tool for research and therapeutic purposes but its implementation is challenging. Here we report on a new method based on photoacoustic delivery of siRNA developed to address some of these challenges. MATERIALS & METHODS Physical properties and photoacoustic emission of carbon black (CB) particles upon near-infrared laser irradiation were characterized. Next, ovarian cancer cells Hey A8-F8 were exposed to near-infrared nanosecond laser pulses in the presence of siRNA targeting EGFR gene and CB particles. The intracellular delivery of siRNA and silencing of the target gene were determined by specific qPCR assays. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Laser-activated CB nanoparticles generated photoacoustic emission and enabled intracellular delivery of siRNA and significant knockdown of its target EGFR mRNA. This physical method represents a new promising approach to targeted therapeutic delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sengupta
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Roman Mezencev
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - John F McDonald
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Yumura S. A novel low-power laser-mediated transfer of foreign molecules into cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22055. [PMID: 26902313 PMCID: PMC4763237 DOI: 10.1038/srep22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficiently introducing molecules such as chemical drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids into cells is a central technique in cell and molecular biology, gene therapy and regenerative medicine. The cell membrane is a critical barrier for this purpose. While many approaches exist, some of which are applicable to single cells that researchers specify under microscopy, no reliable and efficient technique has been invented. In this study, cells were cultured on a coverslip that had been coated with carbon by vapor deposition, and a laser beam was focused on a small local spot beneath a single cell under microscopy. The absorbed energy of the laser beam by the carbon made a pore only in the cell membrane that was attached to the carbon coat, which resulted in an efficient introduction. An inexpensive and lower-power laser could be used for this method, and the introduction efficiency was 100% without any loss of cell viability. This new technique will provide a powerful tool not only to research but also to many applied fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Yumura
- Department of Functional Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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50
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Chang L, Hu J, Chen F, Chen Z, Shi J, Yang Z, Li Y, Lee LJ. Nanoscale bio-platforms for living cell interrogation: current status and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3181-3206. [PMID: 26745513 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06694h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The living cell is a complex entity that dynamically responds to both intracellular and extracellular environments. Extensive efforts have been devoted to the understanding intracellular functions orchestrated with mRNAs and proteins in investigation of the fate of a single-cell, including proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation and mutations. The rapid development of modern cellular analysis techniques (e.g. PCR, western blotting, immunochemistry, etc.) offers new opportunities in quantitative analysis of RNA/protein expression up to a single cell level. The recent entries of nanoscale platforms that include kinds of methodologies with high spatial and temporal resolution have been widely employed to probe the living cells. In this tutorial review paper, we give insight into background introduction and technical innovation of currently reported nanoscale platforms for living cell interrogation. These highlighted technologies are documented in details within four categories, including nano-biosensors for label-free detection of living cells, nanodevices for living cell probing by intracellular marker delivery, high-throughput platforms towards clinical current, and the progress of microscopic imaging platforms for cell/tissue tracking in vitro and in vivo. Perspectives for system improvement were also discussed to solve the limitations remains in current techniques, for the purpose of clinical use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
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