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Plyusnina TY, Khruschev SS, Degtereva NS, Voronova EN, Volgusheva AA, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Three-state mathematical model for the assessment of DCMU-treated photosystem II heterogeneity. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:303-320. [PMID: 38466456 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is one of the main pigment-protein complexes of photosynthesis which is highly sensitive to unfavorable environmental factors. The heterogeneity of PSII properties is essential for the resistance of autotrophic organisms to stress factors. Assessment of the PSII heterogeneity may be used in environmental monitoring for on-line detection of contamination of the environment. We propose an approach to assess PSII oxygen-evolving complex and light-harvesting antenna heterogeneity that is based on mathematical modeling of the shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence rise of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-treated samples. The hierarchy of characteristic times of the processes considered in the model makes it possible to reduce the model to a system of three ordinary differential equations. The analytic solution of the reduced three-state model is expressed as a sum of two exponential functions, and it exactly reproduces the solution of the complete system within the time range from microseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. The combination of several such models for reaction centers with different properties made it possible to use it as an instrument to study PSII heterogeneity. PSII heterogeneity was studied for Chlamydomonas at different intensities of actinic light, for Scenedesmus under short-term heating, and for Chlorella grown in nitrate-enriched and nitrate-depleted media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yu Plyusnina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Sergei S Khruschev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Natalia S Degtereva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Elena N Voronova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alena A Volgusheva
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Galina Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Andrew B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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2
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Tikhonov AN. The cytochrome b 6f complex: plastoquinol oxidation and regulation of electron transport in chloroplasts. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 159:203-227. [PMID: 37369875 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In oxygenic photosynthetic systems, the cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) complex (plastoquinol:plastocyanin oxidoreductase) is a heart of the hub that provides connectivity between photosystems (PS) II and I. In this review, the structure and function of the Cytb6f complex are briefly outlined, being focused on the mechanisms of a bifurcated (two-electron) oxidation of plastoquinol (PQH2). In plant chloroplasts, under a wide range of experimental conditions (pH and temperature), a diffusion of PQH2 from PSII to the Cytb6f does not limit the intersystem electron transport. The overall rate of PQH2 turnover is determined mainly by the first step of the bifurcated oxidation of PQH2 at the catalytic site Qo, i.e., the reaction of electron transfer from PQH2 to the Fe2S2 cluster of the high-potential Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP). This point has been supported by the quantum chemical analysis of PQH2 oxidation within the framework of a model system including the Fe2S2 cluster of the ISP and surrounding amino acids, the low-potential heme b6L, Glu78 and 2,3,5-trimethylbenzoquinol (the tail-less analog of PQH2). Other structure-function relationships and mechanisms of electron transport regulation of oxygenic photosynthesis associated with the Cytb6f complex are briefly outlined: pH-dependent control of the intersystem electron transport and the regulatory balance between the operation of linear and cyclic electron transfer chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Tikhonov
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991.
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3
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Niu Y, Lazár D, Holzwarth AR, Kramer DM, Matsubara S, Fiorani F, Poorter H, Schrey SD, Nedbal L. Plants cope with fluctuating light by frequency-dependent nonphotochemical quenching and cyclic electron transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37429324 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants are exposed to rapidly changing light. Maintaining photosynthetic efficiency while avoiding photodamage requires equally rapid regulation of photoprotective mechanisms. We asked what the operation frequency range of regulation is in which plants can efficiently respond to varying light. Chlorophyll fluorescence, P700, plastocyanin, and ferredoxin responses of wild-types Arabidopsis thaliana were measured in oscillating light of various frequencies. We also investigated the npq1 mutant lacking violaxanthin de-epoxidase, the npq4 mutant lacking PsbS protein, and the mutants crr2-2, and pgrl1ab impaired in different pathways of the cyclic electron transport. The fastest was the PsbS-regulation responding to oscillation periods longer than 10 s. Processes involving violaxanthin de-epoxidase dampened changes in chlorophyll fluorescence in oscillation periods of 2 min or longer. Knocking out the PGR5/PGRL1 pathway strongly reduced variations of all monitored parameters, probably due to congestion in the electron transport. Incapacitating the NDH-like pathway only slightly changed the photosynthetic dynamics. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that nonphotochemical quenching in slow light oscillations involves violaxanthin de-epoxidase to produce, presumably, a largely stationary level of zeaxanthin. We interpret the observed dynamics of photosystem I components as being formed in slow light oscillations partially by thylakoid remodeling that modulates the redox rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Niu
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alfred R Holzwarth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shizue Matsubara
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poorter
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Silvia D Schrey
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences/Plant Sciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- PASTEUR, Department of Chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
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State transition is quiet around pyrenoid and LHCII phosphorylation is not essential for thylakoid deformation in Chlamydomonas 137c. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122032119. [PMID: 36067315 PMCID: PMC9478649 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122032119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms have developed a regulation mechanism called state transition (ST) to rapidly adjust the excitation balance between the two photosystems by light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) movement. Though many researchers have assumed coupling of the dynamic transformations of the thylakoid membrane with ST, evidence of that remains elusive. To clarify the above-mentioned coupling in a model organism Chlamydomonas, here we used two advanced microscope techniques, the excitation-spectral microscope (ESM) developed recently by us and the superresolution imaging based on structured-illumination microscopy (SIM). The ESM observation revealed ST-dependent spectral changes upon repeated ST inductions. Surprisingly, it clarified a less significant ST occurrence in the region surrounding the pyrenoid, which is a subcellular compartment specialized for the carbon-fixation reaction, than that in the other domains. Further, we found a species dependence of this phenomenon: 137c strain showed the significant intracellular inhomogeneity of ST occurrence, whereas 4A+ strain hardly did. On the other hand, the SIM observation resolved partially irreversible fine thylakoid transformations caused by the ST-inducing illumination. This fine, irreversible thylakoid transformation was also observed in the STT7 kinase-lacking mutant. This result revealed that the fine thylakoid transformation is not induced solely by the LHCII phosphorylation, suggesting the highly susceptible nature of the thylakoid ultrastructure to the photosynthetic light reactions.
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Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Hirahara M. Photofunctional molecular assembly for artificial photosynthesis: Beyond a simple dye sensitization strategy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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STN7 Kinase Is Essential for Arabidopsis thaliana Fitness under Prolonged Darkness but Not under Dark-Chilling Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094531. [PMID: 35562922 PMCID: PMC9100030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation of photosystem II light harvesting complexes (LHCII) is a well-established protective mechanism enabling efficient response to changing light conditions. However, changes in LHCII phosphorylation were also observed in response to abiotic stress regardless of photoperiod. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dark-chilling on LHCII phosphorylation pattern in chilling-tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana and to check whether the disturbed LHCII phosphorylation process will impact the response of Arabidopsis to the dark-chilling conditions. We analyzed the pattern of LHCII phosphorylation, the organization of chlorophyll–protein complexes, and the level of chilling tolerance by combining biochemical and spectroscopy techniques under dark-chilling and dark conditions in Arabidopsis mutants with disrupted LHCII phosphorylation. Our results show that during dark-chilling, LHCII phosphorylation decreased in all examined plant lines and that no significant differences in dark-chilling response were registered in tested lines. Interestingly, after 24 h of darkness, a high increase in LHCII phosphorylation was observed, co-occurring with a significant FV/FM parameter decrease. The highest drop of FV/FM was detected in the stn7-1 line–mutant, where the LHCII is not phosphorylated, due to the lack of STN7 kinase. Our results imply that STN7 kinase activity is important for mitigating the adverse effects of prolonged darkness.
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Golub M, Lokstein H, Soloviov D, Kuklin A, Wieland DCF, Pieper J. Light-Harvesting Complex II Adopts Different Quaternary Structures in Solution as Observed Using Small-Angle Scattering. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1258-1265. [PMID: 35089716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution crystal structure of the trimeric major light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is often perceived as the basis for understanding its light-harvesting and photoprotective functions. However, the LHCII solution structure and its oligomerization or aggregation state may generally differ from the crystal structure and, moreover, also depend on its functional state. In this regard, small-angle scattering experiments provide the missing link by offering structural information in aqueous solution at physiological temperatures. Herein, we use small-angle scattering to investigate the solution structures of two different preparations of solubilized LHCII employing the nonionic detergents n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (OG) and n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (β-DM). The data reveal that the LHCII-OG complex is equivalent to the trimeric crystal structure. Remarkably, however, we observe─for the first time─a stable oligomer composed of three LHCII trimers in the case of the LHCII-β-DM preparation, implying additional pigment-pigment interactions. The latter complex is assumed to mimic trimer-trimer interactions which play an important role in the context of photoprotective nonphotochemical quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksym Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dmytro Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Institute for Safety Problems of Nuclear Power Plants NAS of Ukraine, Lysogirska str. 12, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie str. 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy per. 9, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - D C Florian Wieland
- Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute for Materials Research, Department for Metallic Biomaterials, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jörg Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Mazur R, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. How to Measure Grana - Ultrastructural Features of Thylakoid Membranes of Plant Chloroplasts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:756009. [PMID: 34691132 PMCID: PMC8527009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.756009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granum is a basic structural unit of the thylakoid membrane network of plant chloroplasts. It is composed of multiple flattened membranes forming a stacked arrangement of a cylindrical shape. Grana membranes are composed of lipids and tightly packed pigment-protein complexes whose primary role is the catalysis of photosynthetic light reactions. These membranes are highly dynamic structures capable of adapting to changing environmental conditions by fine-tuning photochemical efficiency, manifested by the structural reorganization of grana stacks. Due to a nanometer length scale of the structural granum features, the application of high-resolution electron microscopic techniques is essential for a detailed analysis of the granum architecture. This mini-review overviews recent approaches to quantitative grana structure analyses from electron microscopy data, highlighting the basic manual measurements and semi-automated workflows. We outline and define structural parameters used by different authors, for instance, granum height and diameter, thylakoid thickness, end-membrane length, Stacking Repeat Distance, and Granum Lateral Irregularity. This article also presents insights into efficient and effective measurements of grana stacks visualized on 2D micrographs. The information on how to correctly interpret obtained data, taking into account the 3D nature of grana stacks projected onto 2D space of electron micrograph, is also given. Grana ultrastructural observations reveal key features of this intriguing membrane arrangement, broadening our knowledge of the thylakoid network's remarkable plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang XJ, Fujita Y, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Ye S, Shibata Y. High-Speed Excitation-Spectral Microscopy Uncovers In Situ Rearrangement of Light-Harvesting Apparatus in Chlamydomonas during State Transitions at Submicron Precision. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:872-882. [PMID: 33822212 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms adjust to fluctuating natural light under physiological ambient conditions through flexible light-harvesting ability of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII). A process called state transition is an efficient regulation mechanism to balance the excitations between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) by shuttling mobile LHCII between them. However, in situ observation of the migration of LHCII in vivo remains limited. In this study, we investigated the in vivo reversible changes in the intracellular distribution of the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence during the light-induced state transitions in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The newly developed noninvasive excitation-spectral microscope provided powerful spectral information about excitation-energy transfer between Chl-a and Chl-b. The excitation spectra were detected through the fluorescence emission in the 700-750-nm spectral range, where PSII makes the main contribution, though PSI still makes a non-negligible contribution at room temperature. The technique is sensitive to the Chl-b spectral component specifically bound to LHCII. Using a PSI-specific 685-nm component also provided visualization of the local relative concentration of PSI within a chloroplast at room temperature. The decrease in the relative intensity of the Chl-b band in state 2 was more conspicuous in the PSII-rich region than in the PSI-rich region, reflecting the dissociation of LHCII from PSII. We observed intracellular redistributions of the Chl-b-related light-harvesting abilities within a chloroplast during the state transitions. This observation implies the association of the state transitions with the morphological changes in the thylakoid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Shen Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yutaka Shibata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578 Japan
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10
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The Arabidopsis Accessions Selection Is Crucial: Insight from Photosynthetic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189866. [PMID: 34576029 PMCID: PMC8465966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural genetic variation in photosynthesis is strictly associated with the remarkable adaptive plasticity observed amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions derived from environmentally distinct regions. Exploration of the characteristic features of the photosynthetic machinery could reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying those traits. In this study, we performed a detailed characterisation and comparison of photosynthesis performance and spectral properties of the photosynthetic apparatus in the following selected Arabidopsis thaliana accessions commonly used in laboratories as background lines: Col-0, Col-1, Col-2, Col-8, Ler-0, and Ws-2. The main focus was to distinguish the characteristic disparities for every accession in photosynthetic efficiency that could be accountable for their remarkable plasticity to adapt. The biophysical and biochemical analysis of the thylakoid membranes in control conditions revealed differences in lipid-to-protein contribution, Chlorophyll-to-Carotenoid ratio (Chl/Car), and xanthophyll cycle pigment distribution among accessions. We presented that such changes led to disparities in the arrangement of the Chlorophyll-Protein complexes, the PSI/PSII ratio, and the lateral mobility of the thylakoid membrane, with the most significant aberrations detected in the Ler-0 and Ws-2 accessions. We concluded that selecting an accession suitable for specific research on the photosynthetic process is essential for optimising the experiment.
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11
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Domínguez F, Cejudo FJ. Chloroplast dismantling in leaf senescence. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5905-5918. [PMID: 33959761 PMCID: PMC8760853 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic plant cells, chloroplasts act as factories of metabolic intermediates that support plant growth. Chloroplast performance is highly influenced by environmental cues. Thus, these organelles have the additional function of sensing ever changing environmental conditions, thereby playing a key role in harmonizing the growth and development of different organs and in plant acclimation to the environment. Moreover, chloroplasts constitute an excellent source of metabolic intermediates that are remobilized to sink tissues during senescence so that chloroplast dismantling is a tightly regulated process that plays a key role in plant development. Stressful environmental conditions enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by chloroplasts, which may lead to oxidative stress causing damage to the organelle. These environmental conditions trigger mechanisms that allow the rapid dismantling of damaged chloroplasts, which is crucial to avoid deleterious effects of toxic by-products of the degradative process. In this review, we discuss the effect of redox homeostasis and ROS generation in the process of chloroplast dismantling. Furthermore, we summarize the structural and biochemical events, both intra- and extraplastid, that characterize the process of chloroplast dismantling in senescence and in response to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Domínguez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092-Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Canonico M, Konert G, Crepin A, Šedivá B, Kaňa R. Gradual Response of Cyanobacterial Thylakoids to Acute High-Light Stress-Importance of Carotenoid Accumulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081916. [PMID: 34440685 PMCID: PMC8393233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, its excess can cause damage to cellular components. Photosynthetic organisms thus developed a set of photoprotective mechanisms (e.g., non-photochemical quenching, photoinhibition) that can be studied by a classic biochemical and biophysical methods in cell suspension. Here, we combined these bulk methods with single-cell identification of microdomains in thylakoid membrane during high-light (HL) stress. We used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with YFP tagged photosystem I. The single-cell data pointed to a three-phase response of cells to acute HL stress. We defined: (1) fast response phase (0–30 min), (2) intermediate phase (30–120 min), and (3) slow acclimation phase (120–360 min). During the first phase, cyanobacterial cells activated photoprotective mechanisms such as photoinhibition and non-photochemical quenching. Later on (during the second phase), we temporarily observed functional decoupling of phycobilisomes and sustained monomerization of photosystem II dimer. Simultaneously, cells also initiated accumulation of carotenoids, especially ɣ–carotene, the main precursor of all carotenoids. In the last phase, in addition to ɣ-carotene, we also observed accumulation of myxoxanthophyll and more even spatial distribution of photosystems and phycobilisomes between microdomains. We suggest that the overall carotenoid increase during HL stress could be involved either in the direct photoprotection (e.g., in ROS scavenging) and/or could play an additional role in maintaining optimal distribution of photosystems in thylakoid membrane to attain efficient photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Canonico
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Konert
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Aurélie Crepin
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Barbora Šedivá
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Ara AM, Ahmed MK, D'Haene S, van Roon H, Ilioaia C, van Grondelle R, Wahadoszamen M. Absence of far-red emission band in aggregated core antenna complexes. Biophys J 2021; 120:1680-1691. [PMID: 33675767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported herein is a Stark fluorescence spectroscopy study performed on photosystem II core antenna complexes CP43 and CP47 in their native and aggregated states. The systematic mathematical modeling of the Stark fluorescence spectra with the aid of conventional Liptay formalism revealed that induction of aggregation in both the core antenna complexes via detergent removal results in a single quenched species characterized by a remarkably broad and inhomogenously broadened emission lineshape peaking around 700 nm. The quenched species possesses a fairly large magnitude of charge-transfer character. From the analogy with the results from aggregated peripheral antenna complexes, the quenched species is thought to originate from the enhanced chlorophyll-chlorophyll interaction due to aggregation. However, in contrast, aggregation of both core antenna complexes did not produce a far-red emission band at ∼730 nm, which was identified in most of the aggregated peripheral antenna complexes. The 730-nm emission band of the aggregated peripheral antenna complexes was attributed to the enhanced chlorophyll-carotenoid (lutein1) interaction in the terminal emitter locus. Therefore, it is very likely that the no occurrence of the far-red band in the aggregated core antenna complexes is directly related to the absence of lutein1 in their structures. The absence of the far-red band also suggests the possibility that aggregation-induced conformational change of the core antenna complexes does not yield a chlorophyll-carotenoid interaction associated energy dissipation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjue Mane Ara
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Physics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Sandrine D'Haene
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henny van Roon
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristian Ilioaia
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Md Wahadoszamen
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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14
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Pfündel EE. Simultaneously measuring pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves at wavelengths shorter and longer than 700 nm. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:345-358. [PMID: 33528756 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PAM fluorescence of leaves of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) was measured simultaneously in the spectral range below 700 nm (sw) and above 700 nm (lw). A high-sensitivity photodiode was employed to measure the low intensities of sw fluorescence. Photosystem II (PSII) performance was analyzed by the saturation pulse method during a light response curve with subsequent dark phase. The sw fluorescence was more variable, resulting in higher PSII photochemical yields compared to lw fluorescence. The variations between sw and lw data were explained by different levels of photosystem I (PSI) fluorescence: the contribution of PSI fluorescence to minimum fluorescence (F0) was calculated to be 14% at sw wavelengths and 45% at lw wavelengths. With the results obtained, the validity of an earlier method for the quantification of PSI fluorescence (Genty et al. in Photosynth Res 26:133-139, 1990, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00047085 ) was reconsidered. After subtracting PSI fluorescence from all fluorescence levels, the maximum PSII photochemical yield (FV/FM) in the sw range was 0.862 and it was 0.883 in the lw range. The lower FV/FM at sw wavelengths was suggested to arise from inactive PSII reaction centers in the outermost leaf layers. Polyphasic fluorescence transients (OJIP or OI1I2P kinetics) were recorded simultaneously at sw and lw wavelengths: the slowest phase of the kinetics (IP or I2P) corresponded to 11% and 13% of total variable sw and lw fluorescence, respectively. The idea that this difference is due to variable PSI fluorescence is critically discussed. Potential future applications of simultaneously recording fluorescence in two spectral windows include studies of PSI non-photochemical quenching and state I-state II transitions, as well as measuring the fluorescence from pH-sensitive dyes simultaneously with chlorophyll fluorescence.
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15
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Wang X, Du H, Wang Z, Mu W, Han X. Versatile Phospholipid Assemblies for Functional Synthetic Cells and Artificial Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002635. [PMID: 32830387 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up construction of a synthetic cell from nonliving building blocks capable of mimicking cellular properties and behaviors helps to understand the particular biophysical properties and working mechanisms of a cell. A synthetic cell built in this way possesses defined chemical composition and structure. Since phospholipids are native biomembrane components, their assemblies are widely used to mimic cellular structures. Here, recent developments in the formation of versatile phospholipid assemblies are described, together with the applications of these assemblies for functional membranes (protein reconstituted giant unilamellar vesicles), spherical and nonspherical protoorganelles, and functional synthetic cells, as well as the high-order hierarchical structures of artificial tissues. Their biomedical applications are also briefly summarized. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the field of synthetic cells and artificial tissues based on phospholipid assemblies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Marine Antifouling Engineering Technology Center of Shangdong Province, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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16
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Rantala M, Rantala S, Aro EM. Composition, phosphorylation and dynamic organization of photosynthetic protein complexes in plant thylakoid membrane. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 19:604-619. [PMID: 32297616 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The photosystems (PS), catalyzing the photosynthetic reactions of higher plants, are unevenly distributed in the thylakoid membrane: PSII, together with its light harvesting complex (LHC)II, is enriched in the appressed grana stacks, while PSI-LHCI resides in the non-appressed stroma thylakoids, which wind around the grana stacks. The two photosystems interact in a third membrane domain, the grana margins, which connect the grana and stroma thylakoids and allow the loosely bound LHCII to serve as an additional antenna for PSI. The light harvesting is balanced by reversible phosphorylation of LHCII proteins. Nevertheless, light energy also damages PSII and the repair process is regulated by reversible phosphorylation of PSII core proteins. Here, we discuss the detailed composition and organization of PSII-LHCII and PSI-LHCI (super)complexes in the thylakoid membrane of angiosperm chloroplasts and address the role of thylakoid protein phosphorylation in dynamics of the entire protein complex network of the photosynthetic membrane. Finally, we scrutinize the phosphorylation-dependent dynamics of the protein complexes in context of thylakoid ultrastructure and present a model on the reorganization of the entire thylakoid network in response to changes in thylakoid protein phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaana Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Rantala
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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17
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Ünnep R, Paul S, Zsiros O, Kovács L, Székely NK, Steinbach G, Appavou MS, Porcar L, Holzwarth AR, Garab G, Nagy G. Thylakoid membrane reorganizations revealed by small-angle neutron scattering of Monstera deliciosa leaves associated with non-photochemical quenching. Open Biol 2020; 10:200144. [PMID: 32931722 PMCID: PMC7536078 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is an important photoprotective mechanism in plants and algae. Although the process is extensively studied, little is known about its relationship with ultrastructural changes of the thylakoid membranes. In order to better understand this relationship, we studied the effects of illumination on the organization of thylakoid membranes in Monstera deliciosa leaves. This evergreen species is known to exhibit very large NPQ and to possess giant grana with dozens of stacked thylakoids. It is thus ideally suited for small-angle neutron scattering measurements (SANS)-a non-invasive technique, which is capable of providing spatially and statistically averaged information on the periodicity of the thylakoid membranes and their rapid reorganizations in vivo. We show that NPQ-inducing illumination causes a strong decrease in the periodic order of granum thylakoid membranes. Development of NPQ and light-induced ultrastructural changes, as well as the relaxation processes, follow similar kinetic patterns. Surprisingly, whereas NPQ is suppressed by diuron, it impedes only the relaxation of the structural changes and not its formation, suggesting that structural changes do not cause but enable NPQ. We also demonstrate that the diminishment of SANS peak does not originate from light-induced redistribution and reorientation of chloroplasts inside the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ünnep
- Neutron Spectroscopy Department, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Suman Paul
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi K. Székely
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gábor Steinbach
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Temesvári körút 62, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marie-Sousai Appavou
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alfred R. Holzwarth
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany
| | - Győző Garab
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- European Spallation Source ESS ERIC, PO Box 176, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Wood WHJ, Johnson MP. Modeling the Role of LHCII-LHCII, PSII-LHCII, and PSI-LHCII Interactions in State Transitions. Biophys J 2020; 119:287-299. [PMID: 32621865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane, a complex three-dimensional structure divided into the stacked grana and unstacked stromal lamellae domains. Plants regulate the macro-organization of photosynthetic complexes within the thylakoid membrane to adapt to changing environmental conditions and avoid oxidative stress. One such mechanism is the state transition that regulates photosynthetic light harvesting and electron transfer. State transitions are driven by changes in the phosphorylation of light harvesting complex II (LHCII), which cause a decrease in grana diameter and stacking, a decrease in energetic connectivity between photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers, and an increase in the relative LHCII antenna size of photosystem I (PSI) compared to PSII. Phosphorylation is believed to drive these changes by weakening the intramembrane lateral PSII-LHCII and LHCII-LHCII interactions and the intermembrane stacking interactions between these complexes, while simultaneously increasing the affinity of LHCII for PSI. We investigated the relative roles and contributions of these three types of interaction to state transitions using a lattice-based model of the thylakoid membrane based on existing structural data, developing a novel algorithm to simulate protein complex dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations revealed that state transitions are unlikely to lead to a large-scale migration of LHCII from the grana to the stromal lamellae. Instead, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSI is largely due to the more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the stromal lamellae into PSI-LHCII supercomplexes upon its phosphorylation. Likewise, the increased light harvesting capacity of PSII upon dephosphorylation was found to be driven by a more efficient recruitment of LHCII already residing in the grana into functional PSII-LHCII clusters, primarily driven by lateral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H J Wood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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19
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Lattice Models for Protein Organization throughout Thylakoid Membrane Stacks. Biophys J 2020; 118:2680-2693. [PMID: 32413311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins in photosynthetic membranes can organize into patterned arrays that span the membrane's lateral size. Attractions between proteins in different layers of a membrane stack can play a key role in this ordering, as was suggested by microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy and demonstrated by computer simulations of a coarse-grained model. The architecture of thylakoid membranes, however, also provides opportunities for interlayer interactions that instead disfavor the high protein densities of ordered arrangements. Here, we explore the interplay between these opposing driving forces and, in particular, the phase transitions that emerge in the periodic geometry of stacked thylakoid membrane disks. We propose a lattice model that roughly accounts for proteins' attraction within a layer and across the stromal gap, steric repulsion across the lumenal gap, and regulation of protein density by exchange with the stroma lamellae. Mean-field analysis and computer simulation reveal rich phase behavior for this simple model, featuring a broken-symmetry striped phase that is disrupted at both high and low extremes of chemical potential. The resulting sensitivity of microscopic protein arrangement to the thylakoid's mesoscale vertical structure raises intriguing possibilities for regulation of photosynthetic function.
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20
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Bolte S, Marcon E, Jaunario M, Moyet L, Paternostre M, Kuntz M, Krieger-Liszkay A. Dynamics of the localization of the plastid terminal oxidase inside the chloroplast. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2661-2669. [PMID: 32060533 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) is a plastohydroquinone:oxygen oxidoreductase that shares structural similarities with alternative oxidases (AOXs). Multiple roles have been attributed to PTOX, such as involvement in carotene desaturation, a safety valve function, participation in the processes of chlororespiration, and setting the redox poise for cyclic electron transport. PTOX activity has been previously shown to depend on its localization at the thylakoid membrane. Here we investigate the dynamics of PTOX localization dependent on the proton motive force. Infiltrating illuminated leaves with uncouplers led to a partial dissociation of PTOX from the thylakoid membrane. In vitro reconstitution experiments showed that the attachment of purified recombinant maltose-binding protein (MBP)-OsPTOX to liposomes and isolated thylakoid membranes was strongest at slightly alkaline pH values in the presence of lower millimolar concentrations of KCl or MgCl2. In Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PTOX, confocal microscopy images showed that PTOX formed distinct spots in chloroplasts of dark-adapted or uncoupler-treated leaves, while the protein was more equally distributed in a network-like structure in the light. We propose a dynamic PTOX association with the thylakoid membrane depending on the presence of a proton motive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bolte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS-FRE 3631 - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Imaging Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Marcon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Mélanie Jaunario
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Lucas Moyet
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, CEA, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Maité Paternostre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Cell & Plant Physiology Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, CEA, Grenoble cedex, France
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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21
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Onoa B, Fukuda S, Iwai M, Bustamante C, Niyogi KK. Atomic Force Microscopy Visualizes Mobility of Photosynthetic Proteins in Grana Thylakoid Membranes. Biophys J 2020; 118:1876-1886. [PMID: 32224302 PMCID: PMC7175462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts contain photosynthetic protein complexes that convert light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthetic protein complexes are considered to undergo structural reorganization to maintain the efficiency of photochemical reactions. A detailed description of the mobility of photosynthetic complexes in real time is necessary to understand how macromolecular organization of the membrane is altered by environmental fluctuations. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy to visualize and characterize the in situ mobility of individual protein complexes in grana thylakoid membranes isolated from Spinacia oleracea. Our observations reveal that these membranes can harbor complexes with at least two distinctive classes of mobility. A large fraction of grana membranes contained proteins with quasistatic mobility exhibiting molecular displacements smaller than 10 nm2. In the remaining fraction, the protein mobility is variable with molecular displacements of up to 100 nm2. This visualization at high spatiotemporal resolution enabled us to estimate an average diffusion coefficient of ∼1 nm2 s-1. Interestingly, both confined and Brownian diffusion models could describe the protein mobility of the second group of membranes. We also provide the first direct evidence, to our knowledge, of rotational diffusion of photosynthetic complexes. The rotational diffusion of photosynthetic complexes could be an adaptive response to the high protein density in the membrane to guarantee the efficiency of electron transfer reactions. This characterization of the mobility of individual photosynthetic complexes in grana membranes establishes a foundation that could be adapted to study the dynamics of the complexes inside intact and photosynthetically functional thylakoid membranes to be able to understand its structural responses to diverse environmental fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Onoa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California.
| | - Shingo Fukuda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California; Jason L. Choy Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California; Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California; Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California.
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22
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Wietrzynski W, Schaffer M, Tegunov D, Albert S, Kanazawa A, Plitzko JM, Baumeister W, Engel BD. Charting the native architecture of Chlamydomonas thylakoid membranes with single-molecule precision. eLife 2020; 9:53740. [PMID: 32297859 PMCID: PMC7164959 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes scaffold an assortment of large protein complexes that work together to harness the energy of light. It has been a longstanding challenge to visualize how the intricate thylakoid network organizes these protein complexes to finely tune the photosynthetic reactions. Previously, we used in situ cryo-electron tomography to reveal the native architecture of thylakoid membranes (Engel et al., 2015). Here, we leverage technical advances to resolve the individual protein complexes within these membranes. Combined with a new method to visualize membrane surface topology, we map the molecular landscapes of thylakoid membranes inside green algae cells. Our tomograms provide insights into the molecular forces that drive thylakoid stacking and reveal that photosystems I and II are strictly segregated at the borders between appressed and non-appressed membrane domains. This new approach to charting thylakoid topology lays the foundation for dissecting photosynthetic regulation at the level of single protein complexes within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Wietrzynski
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dimitry Tegunov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sahradha Albert
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benjamin D Engel
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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23
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Singh U, Hur M, Dorman K, Wurtele ES. MetaOmGraph: a workbench for interactive exploratory data analysis of large expression datasets. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:e23. [PMID: 31956905 PMCID: PMC7039010 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse and growing omics data in public domains provide researchers with tremendous opportunity to extract hidden, yet undiscovered, knowledge. However, the vast majority of archived data remain unused. Here, we present MetaOmGraph (MOG), a free, open-source, standalone software for exploratory analysis of massive datasets. Researchers, without coding, can interactively visualize and evaluate data in the context of its metadata, honing-in on groups of samples or genes based on attributes such as expression values, statistical associations, metadata terms and ontology annotations. Interaction with data is easy via interactive visualizations such as line charts, box plots, scatter plots, histograms and volcano plots. Statistical analyses include co-expression analysis, differential expression analysis and differential correlation analysis, with significance tests. Researchers can send data subsets to R for additional analyses. Multithreading and indexing enable efficient big data analysis. A researcher can create new MOG projects from any numerical data; or explore an existing MOG project. MOG projects, with history of explorations, can be saved and shared. We illustrate MOG by case studies of large curated datasets from human cancer RNA-Seq, where we identify novel putative biomarker genes in different tumors, and microarray and metabolomics data from Arabidopsis thaliana. MOG executable and code: http://metnetweb.gdcb.iastate.edu/ and https://github.com/urmi-21/MetaOmGraph/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urminder Singh
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Manhoi Hur
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karin Dorman
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Eve Syrkin Wurtele
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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24
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Lundgren MR, Fleming AJ. Cellular perspectives for improving mesophyll conductance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:845-857. [PMID: 31854030 PMCID: PMC7065256 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
After entering the leaf, CO2 faces an intricate pathway to the site of photosynthetic fixation embedded within the chloroplasts. The efficiency of CO2 flux is hindered by a number of structural and biochemical barriers which, together, define the ease of flow of the gas within the leaf, termed mesophyll conductance. Previous authors have identified the key elements of this pathway, raising the prospect of engineering the system to improve CO2 flux and, thus, to increase leaf photosynthetic efficiency. In this review, we provide a perspective on the potential for improving the individual elements that contribute to this complex parameter. We lay particular emphasis on generation of the cellular architecture of the leaf which sets the initial boundaries of a number of mesophyll conductance parameters, incorporating an overview of the molecular transport processes which have been proposed as major facilitators of CO2 flux across structural boundaries along the pathway. The review highlights the research areas where future effort might be invested to increase our fundamental understanding of mesophyll conductance and leaf function and, consequently, to enable translation of these findings to improve the efficiency of crop photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J. Fleming
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldWestern BankSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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25
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Abstract
This article summarizes recent progress on biomimetic subcellular structures and discusses integration of these isolated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Lingxiang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
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Mazur R, Gieczewska K, Kowalewska Ł, Kuta A, Proboszcz M, Gruszecki WI, Mostowska A, Garstka M. Specific Composition of Lipid Phases Allows Retaining an Optimal Thylakoid Membrane Fluidity in Plant Response to Low-Temperature Treatment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:723. [PMID: 32582253 PMCID: PMC7291772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoid membranes isolated from leaves of two plant species, the chilling tolerant (CT) pea and chilling sensitive (CS) runner bean, were assessed for the composition of lipids, carotenoids as well as for the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes. The response to stress conditions was investigated in dark-chilled and subsequently photo-activated detached leaves of pea and bean. Thylakoids of both species have a similar level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), but different sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol to phosphatidylglycerol (PG) ratio. In pea thylakoid fraction, the MGDG, DGDG and PG, have a higher double bond index (DBI), whereas bean thylakoids contain higher levels of high melting point PG. Furthermore, the lutein to the β-carotene ratio is higher in bean thylakoids. Smaller protein/lipid ratio in pea than in bean thylakoids suggests different lipid-protein interactions in both species. The differences between species are also reflected by the course of temperature-dependent plots of chlorophyll fluorescence pointing various temperatures of the lipid phase transitions of pea and bean thylakoids. Our results showed higher fluidity of the thylakoid membrane network in pea than in bean in optimal temperature conditions. Dark-chilling decreases the photochemical activity and induces significant degradation of MGDG in bean but not in pea leaves. Similarly, substantial changes in the arrangement of photosynthetic complexes with increase in LHCII phosphorylation and disturbances of the thylakoid structure take place in bean thylakoids only. Changes in the physical properties of bean thylakoids are manifested by the conversion of a three-phase temperature-dependent plot to a one-phase plot. Subsequent photo-activation of chilled bean leaves caused a partial restoration of the photochemistry and of membrane physical properties, but not of the photosynthetic complexes arrangement nor the thylakoid network structure. Summarizing, the composition of the thylakoid lipid matrix of CT pea allows retaining the optimal fluidity of its chloroplast membranes under low temperatures. In contrast, the fluidity of CS bean thylakoids is drastically changed, leading to the reorganization of the supramolecular structure of the photosynthetic complexes and finally results in structural remodeling of the CS bean thylakoid network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Radosław Mazur,
| | - Katarzyna Gieczewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kuta
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I. Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Maciej Garstka,
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Zhou J, Sekatskii S, Welc R, Dietler G, Gruszecki WI. The role of xanthophylls in the supramolecular organization of the photosynthetic complex LHCII in lipid membranes studied by high-resolution imaging and nanospectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148117. [PMID: 31734197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The xanthophyll cycle is a regulatory mechanism operating in the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. It consists of the conversion of the xanthophyll pigment violaxanthin to zeaxanthin, and vice versa, in response to light intensity. According to the current understanding, one of the modes of regulatory activity of the cycle is associated with the influence on a molecular organization of pigment-protein complexes. In the present work, we analyzed the effect of violaxanthin and zeaxanthin on the molecular organization of the LHCII complex, in the environment of membranes formed with chloroplast lipids. Nanoscale imaging based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the presence of exogenous xanthophylls promotes the formation of the protein supramolecular structures. Nanoscale infrared (IR) absorption analysis based on AFM-IR nanospectroscopy suggests that zeaxanthin promotes the formation of LHCII supramolecular structures by forming inter-molecular β-structures. Meanwhile, the molecules of violaxanthin act as "molecular spacers" preventing self-aggregation of the protein, potentially leading to uncontrolled dissipation of excitation energy in the complex. This latter mechanism was demonstrated with the application of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The intensity-averaged chlorophyll a fluorescence lifetime determined in the LHCII samples without exogenous xanthophylls at the level of 0.72 ns was longer in the samples containing exogenous violaxanthin (2.14 ns), but shorter under the presence of zeaxanthin (0.49 ns) thus suggesting a role of this xanthophyll in promotion of the formation of structures characterized by effective excitation quenching. This mechanism can be considered as a representation of the overall photoprotective activity of the xanthophyll cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhou
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Sekatskii
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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On the interface of light-harvesting antenna complexes and reaction centers in oxygenic photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148079. [PMID: 31518567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs) accomplish light-energy capture and photochemistry in natural photosynthesis. In this review, we examine three pigment protein complexes in oxygenic photosynthesis: light-harvesting antenna complexes and two reaction centers: Photosystem II (PSII), and Photosystem I (PSI). Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into how these multi-component protein complexes are assembled into higher order structures and thereby execute their function. Furthermore, the interfacial domain between light-harvesting antenna complexes and PSII, especially the potential roles of the structural loops from CP29 and the PB-loop of ApcE in higher plant and cyanobacteria, respectively, are discussed. It is emphasized that the structural nuances are required for the structural dynamics and consequently for functional regulation in response to an ever-changing and challenging environment.
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Cupellini L, Bondanza M, Nottoli M, Mennucci B. Successes & challenges in the atomistic modeling of light-harvesting and its photoregulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148049. [PMID: 31386831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Light-harvesting is a crucial step of photosynthesis. Its mechanisms and related energetics have been revealed by a combination of experimental investigations and theoretical modeling. The success of theoretical modeling is largely due to the application of atomistic descriptions combining quantum chemistry, classical models and molecular dynamics techniques. Besides the important achievements obtained so far, a complete and quantitative understanding of how the many different light-harvesting complexes exploit their structural specificity is still missing. Moreover, many questions remain unanswered regarding the mechanisms through which light-harvesting is regulated in response to variable light conditions. Here we show that, in both fields, a major role will be played once more by atomistic descriptions, possibly generalized to tackle the numerous time and space scales on which the regulation takes place: going from the ultrafast electronic excitation of the multichromophoric aggregate, through the subsequent conformational changes in the embedding protein, up to the interaction between proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Mattia Bondanza
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Michele Nottoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Pollastri S, Jorba I, Hawkins TJ, Llusià J, Michelozzi M, Navajas D, Peñuelas J, Hussey PJ, Knight MR, Loreto F. Leaves of isoprene-emitting tobacco plants maintain PSII stability at high temperatures. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1307-1318. [PMID: 30980545 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
At high temperatures, isoprene-emitting plants display a higher photosynthetic rate and a lower nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) compared with nonemitting plants. The mechanism of this phenomenon, which may be very important under current climate warming, is still elusive. NPQ was dissected into its components, and chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) was used to analyse the dynamics of excited chlorophyll relaxation in isoprene-emitting and nonemitting plants. Thylakoid membrane stiffness was also measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) to identify a possible mode of action of isoprene in improving photochemical efficiency and photosynthetic stability. We show that, when compared with nonemitters, isoprene-emitting tobacco plants exposed at high temperatures display a reduced increase of the NPQ energy-dependent component (qE) and stable (1) chlorophyll fluorescence lifetime; (2) amplitude of the fluorescence decay components; and (3) thylakoid membrane stiffness. Our study shows for the first time that isoprene maintains PSII stability at high temperatures by preventing the modifications of the surrounding environment, namely providing a more steady and homogeneous distribution of the light-absorbing centres and a stable thylakoid membrane stiffness. Isoprene photoprotects leaves with a mechanism alternative to NPQ, enabling plants to maintain a high photosynthetic rate at rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Pollastri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy J Hawkins
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Joan Llusià
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniel Navajas
- University of Barcelona and Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Patrick J Hussey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Marc R Knight
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy
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31
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Strašková A, Steinbach G, Konert G, Kotabová E, Komenda J, Tichý M, Kaňa R. Pigment-protein complexes are organized into stable microdomains in cyanobacterial thylakoids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148053. [PMID: 31344362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the place of the light-photosynthetic reactions. To gain maximal efficiency, these reactions are conditional to proper pigment-pigment and protein-protein interactions. In higher plants thylakoids, the interactions lead to a lateral asymmetry in localization of protein complexes (i.e. granal/stromal thylakoids) that have been defined as a domain-like structures characteristic by different biochemical composition and function (Albertsson P-Å. 2001,Trends Plant Science 6: 349-354). We explored this complex organization of thylakoid pigment-proteins at single cell level in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Our 3D confocal images captured heterogeneous distribution of all main photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes (PPCs), Photosystem I (fluorescently tagged by YFP), Photosystem II and Phycobilisomes. The acquired images depicted cyanobacterial thylakoid membrane as a stable, mosaic-like structure formed by microdomains (MDs). These microcompartments are of sub-micrometer in sizes (~0.5-1.5 μm), typical by particular PPCs ratios and importantly without full segregation of observed complexes. The most prevailing MD is represented by MD with high Photosystem I content which allows also partial separation of Photosystems like in higher plants thylakoids. We assume that MDs stability (in minutes) provides optimal conditions for efficient excitation/electron transfer. The cyanobacterial MDs thus define thylakoid membrane organization as a system controlled by co-localization of three main PPCs leading to formation of thylakoid membrane mosaic. This organization might represent evolutional and functional precursor for the granal/stromal spatial heterogeneity in photosystems that is typical for higher plant thylakoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Strašková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - G Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - E Kotabová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - J Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - M Tichý
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - R Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre Algatech, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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32
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Kowalewska Ł, Bykowski M, Mostowska A. Spatial organization of thylakoid network in higher plants. BOTANY LETTERS 2019. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2019.1619195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Johnson MP, Wientjes E. The relevance of dynamic thylakoid organisation to photosynthetic regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1861:148039. [PMID: 31228404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The higher plant chloroplast thylakoid membrane system performs the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These provide the ATP and NADPH required for the fixation of CO2 into biomass by the Calvin-Benson cycle and a range of other metabolic reactions in the stroma. Land plants are frequently challenged by fluctuations in their environment, such as light, nutrient and water availability, which can create a mismatch between the amounts of ATP and NADPH produced and the amounts required by the downstream metabolism. Left unchecked, such imbalances can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species that damage the plant and harm productivity. Fortunately, plants have evolved a complex range of regulatory processes to avoid or minimize such deleterious effects by controlling the efficiency of light harvesting and electron transfer in the thylakoid membrane. Generally the regulation of the light reactions has been studied and conceptualised at the microscopic level of protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, however in recent years dynamic changes in the thylakoid macrostructure itself have been recognised to play a significant role in regulating light harvesting and electron transfer. Here we review the evidence for the involvement of macrostructural changes in photosynthetic regulation and review the techniques that brought this evidence to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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34
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Konert G, Steinbach G, Canonico M, Kaňa R. Protein arrangement factor: a new photosynthetic parameter characterizing the organization of thylakoid membrane proteins. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:264-277. [PMID: 30817002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A proper spatial distribution of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes - PPCs (photosystems, light-harvesting antennas) is crucial for photosynthesis. In plants, photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) are heterogeneously distributed between granal and stromal thylakoids. Here we have described similar heterogeneity in the PSI, PSII and phycobilisomes (PBSs) distribution in cyanobacteria thylakoids into microdomains by applying a new image processing method suitable for the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 strain with yellow fluorescent protein-tagged PSI. The new image processing method is able to analyze the fluorescence ratios of PPCs on a single-cell level, pixel per pixel. Each cell pixel is plotted in CIE1931 color space by forming a pixel-color distribution of the cell. The most common position in CIE1931 is then defined as protein arrangement (PA) factor with xy coordinates. The PA-factor represents the most abundant fluorescence ratio of PSI/PSII/PBS, the 'mode color' of studied cell. We proved that a shift of the PA-factor from the center of the cell-pixel distribution (the 'median' cell color) is an indicator of the presence of special subcellular microdomain(s) with a unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence ratio in comparison to other parts of the cell. Furthermore, during a 6-h high-light (HL) treatment, 'median' and 'mode' color (PA-factor) of the cell changed similarly on the population level, indicating that such microdomains with unique PSI/PSII/PBS fluorescence were not formed during HL (i.e. fluorescence changed equally in the whole cell). However, the PA-factor was very sensitive in characterizing the fluorescence ratios of PSI/PSII/PBS in cyanobacterial cells during HL by depicting a 4-phase acclimation to HL, and their physiological interpretation has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Konert
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Gabor Steinbach
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Canonico
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Centrum Algatech, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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35
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Gao S, Chi Z, Chen H, Zheng Z, Weng Y, Wang G. A Supercomplex, of Approximately 720 kDa and Composed of Both Photosystem Reaction Centers, Dissipates Excess Energy by PSI in Green Macroalgae Under Salt Stress. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:166-175. [PMID: 30295873 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thylakoid membranes of plants play a critical role in electron transfer and energy fixation, and are highly dynamic. So far, studies on the thylakoid membranes have mainly focused on microalgae and higher plants, yet very little information is available on the macroalgal thylakoids. Here, we studied the structure and organization of the thylakoid membranes in Ulva prolifera, a representative species of the green macroalgae. We found that U. prolifera had few but long loosely stacked membranes which lack the conventional grana found in higher plants. However, the thylakoid membrane complexes demonstrate lateral heterogeneity. Moreover, we found a supercomplex composed of PSII, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and PSI from U. prolifera under salt stress. The supercomplex is approximately 720 kDa, and includes the two important photoprotection proteins, the PSII S subunit (PsbS) and the light-harvesting complex stress-related protein (LhcSR), as well as xanthophyll cycle pigments (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin). Time-resolved fluorescence analysis suggested that, in the supercomplex, excitation energy could efficiently be transferred from PSII to PSI, even when PSII was inhibited, a function which disappeared when the supercomplex was incubated in mild detergent. We suggest that the supercomplex might be an important mechanism to dissipate excess energy by PSI in green macroalgae under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Chi
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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36
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Li Q, Han X. Self-Assembled Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum-Like Proto-Organelles. iScience 2018; 8:138-147. [PMID: 30312864 PMCID: PMC6180236 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has evolved elaborate, dynamic organelle morphologies for optimal organelle functions. Among them, cisternae stacks are the universal structure for most organelles. However, compared with the well-studied spherical cell/organelle membrane mimic, the fabrication of the ubiquitously present cisternal organelle-like membrane structures for organelle mimic remains a challenging task. Herein, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)-like helicoidal cisternae stacks were assembled to mimic the enzyme crowded environment in spatially confined RER cisternae. RER-like single helicoid, multiple helicoids, and secondary helix are all observed. Membrane electrostatics drives their formation and controls the percentages, which indicates the possible role of membrane electrostatics in RER shaping. The organelle-like cisternae stacks can reversibly expand and compress, which provides modulated crowded or de-crowded enzyme environment for biochemical reactions. This work provides advanced membrane models, and novel mechanisms for organelle shaping and helicoids formation, and holds great potential in biomimetics, cell biology, and advanced materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China.
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37
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Ruban AV. Light harvesting control in plants. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3030-3039. [PMID: 29797317 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In 1991, my colleagues and I published a hypothesis article that proposed a mechanism that controls light harvesting in plants and protects them against photodamage. The major light harvesting complex, LHCII, was suggested to undergo aggregation upon exposure of the plant to damaging levels of light. Aggregated LHCII was found to be much less efficient in light harvesting, as it promptly dissipated absorbed energy into heat, possessing a very low chlorophyll fluorescence yield. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a term coined to describe this reduction in chlorophyll fluorescence yield. This article is a story of how the hypothesis that LHCII aggregation is involved in NPQ is developed into a model that is now becoming broadly accepted by the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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38
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Seiwert D, Witt H, Ritz S, Janshoff A, Paulsen H. The Nonbilayer Lipid MGDG and the Major Light-Harvesting Complex (LHCII) Promote Membrane Stacking in Supported Lipid Bilayers. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2278-2288. [PMID: 29577715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thylakoid membrane of algae and land plants is characterized by its intricate architecture, comprising tightly appressed membrane stacks termed grana. The contributions of individual components to grana stack formation are not yet fully elucidated. As an in vitro model, we use supported lipid bilayers made of thylakoid lipid mixtures to study the effect of major light-harvesting complex (LHCII), different lipids, and ions on membrane stacking, seen as elevated structures forming on top of the planar membrane surface in the presence of LHCII protein. These structures were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, revealing multilamellar LHCII-membrane stacks composed of connected lipid bilayers. Both native-like and non-native interactions between the LHCII complexes may contribute to membrane appression in the supported bilayers. However, applying in vivo-like salt conditions to uncharged glycolipid membranes drastically increased the level of stack formation due to enforced LHCII-LHCII interactions, which is in line with recent crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopic data [Wan, T., et al. (2014) Mol. Plant 7, 916-919; Albanese, P., et al. (2017) Sci. Rep. 7, 10067-10083]. Furthermore, we observed the nonbilayer lipid MGDG to strongly promote membrane stacking, pointing to the long-term proposed function of MGDG in stabilizing the inner membrane leaflet of highly curved margins in the periphery of each grana disc because of its negative intrinsic curvature [Murphy, D. J. (1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 19-26].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Seiwert
- Institute of Molecular Physiology , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Goettingen , Tammannstrasse 6 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Sandra Ritz
- Microscopy Core Facility , Institute of Molecular Biology , Ackermannweg 4 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Goettingen , Tammannstrasse 6 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Institute of Molecular Physiology , Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz , Johannes-von-Müller-Weg 6 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
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Zong W, Zhang X, Li C, Han X. Thylakoid Containing Artificial Cells for the Inhibition Investigation of Light-Driven Electron Transfer during Photosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:945-951. [PMID: 29439569 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of artificial cells containing nature components is challenging. Herein we construct a thylakoid containing artificial cell (TA-cell) by forming multicompartmental structure inside giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using osmotic stress. The thylakoids are selectively loaded inside each compartment in GUVs to mimic "chloroplast". The TA-cells are able to carry out photosynthesis upon light on. The TA-cells keep their 50% functionality of electron transfer for 12 days, which is twice of those of free thylakoids. Using TA-cells the inhibition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) on the electron transfer process in TA-cells is systematically investigated. Their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values are 36.23 ± 1.87, 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.42 ± 0.08, 0.82 ± 0.12, 1.97 ± 0.21, and 4.08 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Hg2+ is the most toxic ion for the photosynthesis process among these five heavy metal ions. This biomimetic system can be expanded to study other processes during the photosynthesis. The TA-cells pave a way to fabricate more complicated nature component containing artificial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xunan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
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40
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Tamayo Tenorio A, Kyriakopoulou KE, Suarez-Garcia E, van den Berg C, van der Goot AJ. Understanding differences in protein fractionation from conventional crops, and herbaceous and aquatic biomass - Consequences for industrial use. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Lipid polymorphism in chloroplast thylakoid membranes - as revealed by 31P-NMR and time-resolved merocyanine fluorescence spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13343. [PMID: 29042649 PMCID: PMC5645462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes contain virtually all components of the energy-converting photosynthetic machinery. Their energized state, driving ATP synthesis, is enabled by the bilayer organization of the membrane. However, their most abundant lipid species is a non-bilayer-forming lipid, monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol; the role of lipid polymorphism in these membranes is poorly understood. Earlier 31P-NMR experiments revealed the coexistence of a bilayer and a non-bilayer, isotropic lipid phase in spinach thylakoids. Packing of lipid molecules, tested by fluorescence spectroscopy of the lipophilic dye, merocyanine-540 (MC540), also displayed heterogeneity. Now, our 31P-NMR experiments on spinach thylakoids uncover the presence of a bilayer and three non-bilayer lipid phases; time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of MC540 also reveals the presence of multiple lipidic environments. It is also shown by 31P-NMR that: (i) some lipid phases are sensitive to the osmolarity and ionic strength of the medium, (ii) a lipid phase can be modulated by catalytic hydrogenation of fatty acids and (iii) a marked increase of one of the non-bilayer phases upon lowering the pH of the medium is observed. These data provide additional experimental evidence for the polymorphism of lipid phases in thylakoids and suggest that non-bilayer phases play an active role in the structural dynamics of thylakoid membranes.
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Ünnep R, Zsiros O, Hörcsik Z, Markó M, Jajoo A, Kohlbrecher J, Garab G, Nagy G. Low-pH induced reversible reorganizations of chloroplast thylakoid membranes - As revealed by small-angle neutron scattering. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:360-365. [PMID: 28237493 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Energization of thylakoid membranes brings about the acidification of the lumenal aqueous phase, which activates important regulatory mechanisms. Earlier Jajoo and coworkers (2014 FEBS Lett. 588:970) have shown that low pH in isolated plant thylakoid membranes induces changes in the excitation energy distribution between the two photosystems. In order to elucidate the structural background of these changes, we used small-angle neutron scattering on thylakoid membranes exposed to low p2H (pD) and show that gradually lowering the p2H from 8.0 to 5.0 causes small but well discernible reversible diminishment of the periodic order and the lamellar repeat distance and an increased mosaicity - similar to the effects elicited by light-induced acidification of the lumen. Our data strongly suggest that thylakoids dynamically respond to the membrane energization and actively participate in different regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Ünnep
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Hörcsik
- College of Nyíregyháza, Institute of Environmental Science, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Márton Markó
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Science, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore 452 001, India
| | - Joachim Kohlbrecher
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, POB 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ostrava University, Chittussiho 10, CZ-710 0 Ostrava - Slezská Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
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43
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Janik E, Bednarska J, Zubik M, Luchowski R, Mazur R, Sowinski K, Grudzinski W, Garstka M, Gruszecki WI. A chloroplast "wake up" mechanism: Illumination with weak light activates the photosynthetic antenna function in dark-adapted plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 210:1-8. [PMID: 28040624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and fluent operation of photosynthesis in plants relies on activity of pigment-protein complexes called antenna, absorbing light and transferring excitations toward the reaction centers. Here we show, based on the results of the fluorescence lifetime imaging analyses of single chloroplasts, that pigment-protein complexes, in dark-adapted plants, are not able to act effectively as photosynthetic antennas, due to pronounced, adverse excitation quenching. It appeared that the antenna function could be activated by a short (on a minute timescale) illumination with light of relatively low intensity, substantially below the photosynthesis saturation threshold. The low-light-induced activation of the antenna function was attributed to phosphorylation of the major accessory light-harvesting complex LHCII, based on the fact that such a mechanism was not observed in the stn7 Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, with impaired LHCII phosphorylation. It is proposed that the protein phosphorylation-controlled change in the LHCII clustering ability provides mechanistic background for this regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Janik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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44
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Tenorio AT, de Jong EWM, Nikiforidis CV, Boom RM, van der Goot AJ. Interfacial properties and emulsification performance of thylakoid membrane fragments. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:608-618. [PMID: 27991634 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids membranes are sophisticated, dynamic structures found in plant leaves, composed of protein complexes in a dynamic lipid matrix. The interfacial absorption dynamics and viscoelasticity of thylakoid membranes fragments were measured to assess the properties of the interfacial layer and to elucidate an emulsifying mechanism that includes the role of thylakoid's composition and 3D structure. Thylakoid membranes were extracted from sugar beet leaves by a series of buffer washing, filtration and centrifugation. The extract containing the intact thylakoid membranes was suspended in water through high-pressure homogenisation, which disrupted the structure into membrane fragments. Thylakoid fragments showed surface and interfacial behaviour similar to soft particles or Pickering stabilizers with slow adsorption kinetics. After adsorption, an elastic and stable thin film was formed, indicating formation of new interactions between adjacent thylakoid fragments. In an emulsion, thylakoid fragments stabilised oil droplets against coalescence, despite droplet aggregation occurring already during emulsification. Droplet aggregation occurred by steric and electrostatic bridging, which in turn forms a 3D network where the oil droplets are immobilised, preventing further droplet coalescence or aggregation. It was concluded that both composition and structure of thylakoid fragments determine their emulsifying properties, conferring potential for encapsulation systems, where the search for natural materials is gaining more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tamayo Tenorio
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E W M de Jong
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - C V Nikiforidis
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. and Biobased Chemistry and Technology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R M Boom
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A J van der Goot
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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Schumann T, Paul S, Melzer M, Dörmann P, Jahns P. Plant Growth under Natural Light Conditions Provides Highly Flexible Short-Term Acclimation Properties toward High Light Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:681. [PMID: 28515734 PMCID: PMC5413563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Efficient acclimation to different growth light intensities is essential for plant fitness. So far, most studies on light acclimation have been conducted with plants grown under different constant light regimes, but more recent work indicated that acclimation to fluctuating light or field conditions may result in different physiological properties of plants. Thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) was grown under three different constant light intensities (LL: 25 μmol photons m-2 s-1; NL: 100 μmol photons m-2 s-1; HL: 500 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and under natural fluctuating light (NatL) conditions. We performed a thorough characterization of the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties focusing on photo-protective mechanisms. Our analyses corroborated the known properties of LL, NL, and HL plants. NatL plants, however, were found to combine characteristics of both LL and HL grown plants, leading to efficient and unique light utilization capacities. Strikingly, the high energy dissipation capacity of NatL plants correlated with increased dynamics of thylakoid membrane reorganization upon short-term acclimation to excess light. We conclude that the thylakoid membrane organization and particularly the light-dependent and reversible unstacking of grana membranes likely represent key factors that provide the basis for the high acclimation capacity of NatL grown plants to rapidly changing light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schumann
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Suman Paul
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Melzer
- Physiology and Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)Seeland, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Molecular Biotechnology/Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Peter Jahns
- Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Jahns
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46
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Giovagnetti V, Ruban AV. Detachment of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein (FCP) antenna is not involved in the acclimative regulation of photoprotection in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:218-230. [PMID: 27989819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When grown under intermittent light (IL), the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum forms 'super' non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in response to excess light. The current model of diatom NPQ mechanism involves two quenching sites, one of which detaches from photosystem II reaction centres (RCIIs) and aggregates into oligomeric complexes. Here we addressed how antenna reorganisation controls NPQ kinetics in P. tricornutum cells grown under continuous light (CL) and IL. Overall, IL acclimation induced: (i) reorganisation of chloroplasts, containing greater pigment pools without a strongly enhanced operation of the xanthophyll cycle, and (ii) 'super NPQ' causing a remarkable reduction of the chlorophyll excited state lifetime at Fm'. Regardless of different levels of NPQ formed in both culture conditions, its dark recovery was rapid and similar fractions of their antenna uncoupled (~50%). Although antenna detachment relieved excitation pressure, it provided a minor protective contribution equivalent to NPQ~1, while the largest NPQ was 4.4±0.2 (CL) and 13±0.8 (IL). The PSII cross-section decrease took place only at relatively low NPQ values, beyond which the cross-section remained constant whilst NPQ continued to rise. This finding suggests that the energy trapping efficiency of diatom antenna quenchers cannot over-compete that of RCIIs, similarly to what has been observed on higher plants. We conclude that such 'economic photoprotection' operates to flexibly adjust the overall efficiency of diatom light harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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47
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Mirkovic T, Ostroumov EE, Anna JM, van Grondelle R, Govindjee, Scholes GD. Light Absorption and Energy Transfer in the Antenna Complexes of Photosynthetic Organisms. Chem Rev 2016; 117:249-293. [PMID: 27428615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of photosynthesis is initiated by the capture of sunlight by a network of light-absorbing molecules (chromophores), which are also responsible for the subsequent funneling of the excitation energy to the reaction centers. Through evolution, genetic drift, and speciation, photosynthetic organisms have discovered many solutions for light harvesting. In this review, we describe the underlying photophysical principles by which this energy is absorbed, as well as the mechanisms of electronic excitation energy transfer (EET). First, optical properties of the individual pigment chromophores present in light-harvesting antenna complexes are introduced, and then we examine the collective behavior of pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interactions. The description of energy transfer, in particular multichromophoric antenna structures, is shown to vary depending on the spatial and energetic landscape, which dictates the relative coupling strength between constituent pigment molecules. In the latter half of the article, we focus on the light-harvesting complexes of purple bacteria as a model to illustrate the present understanding of the synergetic effects leading to EET optimization of light-harvesting antenna systems while exploring the structure and function of the integral chromophores. We end this review with a brief overview of the energy-transfer dynamics and pathways in the light-harvesting antennas of various photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Mirkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Evgeny E Ostroumov
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rienk van Grondelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam , De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 265 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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48
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Challenges facing an understanding of the nature of low-energy excited states in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1627-1640. [PMID: 27372198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of the photochemical states and pathways related to the biological capture of solar energy are now well understood and provide paradigms for artificial device design, additional low-energy states have been discovered in many systems with obscure origins and significance. However, as low-energy states are naively expected to be critical to function, these observations pose important challenges. A review of known properties of low energy states covering eight photochemical systems, and options for their interpretation, are presented. A concerted experimental and theoretical research strategy is suggested and outlined, this being aimed at providing a fully comprehensive understanding.
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49
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Chekanov K, Lukyanov A, Boussiba S, Aflalo C, Solovchenko A. Modulation of photosynthetic activity and photoprotection in Haematococcus pluvialis cells during their conversion into haematocysts and back. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 128:313-23. [PMID: 27002330 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The engagement of different photoprotective mechanisms in the cells of the carotenogenic astaxanthin-accumulating chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis (i) under favorable conditions, (ii) in the course of stress-induced haematocyst formation and (iii) during recovery from the stress was studied. To this end, we followed the changes in primary photochemistry, electron flow at the acceptor side of photosystem II, and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) using PAM chlorophyll fluorimetry. A general trend recorded in the stressed cells undergoing transition to haematocysts (and reversed during recovery from the stress) was a gradual reduction of the photosynthetic apparatus accompanied by down-regulation of energy-dependent photoprotective mechanisms such as NPQ, along with the accumulation of astaxanthin. On this background, a transient up-regulation of the photosynthetic activity was detected at the intermediated stages (20-50 h of the stress exposure) of haematocyst formation. This phenomenon was tentatively related with the peak of metabolic activity found earlier in the forming haematocysts. The role of secondary carotenogenesis coupled with a reversible transition from 'active' (energy-dependent) to 'passive' photoprotective mechanisms in the extremely high stress tolerance of carotenogenic phototrophs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chekanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhi, Centre for Humanities Research and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukyanov
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Claude Aflalo
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia.
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50
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Grudzinski W, Janik E, Bednarska J, Welc R, Zubik M, Sowinski K, Luchowski R, Gruszecki WI. Light-Driven Reconfiguration of a Xanthophyll Violaxanthin in the Photosynthetic Pigment-Protein Complex LHCII: A Resonance Raman Study. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:4373-82. [PMID: 27133785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resonance Raman analysis of the photosynthetic complex LHCII, immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel, reveals that one of the protein-bound xanthophylls, assigned as violaxanthin, undergoes light-induced molecular reconfiguration. The phototransformation is selectively observed in a trimeric structure of the complex and is associated with a pronounced twisting and a trans-cis molecular configuration change of the polyene chain of the carotenoid. Among several spectral effects accompanying the reconfiguration there are ones indicating a carotenoid triplet state. Possible physiological importance of the light-induced violaxanthin reconfiguration as a mechanism associated with making the pigment available for enzymatic deepoxidation in the xanthophyll cycle is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grudzinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Janik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bednarska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Welc
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Zubik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Department of Metrology and Modelling of Agrophysical Processes, Institute of Agrophysics of Polish Academy of Sciences , Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Sowinski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland.,Chair and Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University , Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafal Luchowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wieslaw I Gruszecki
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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