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Guo X, Yuan Y, Su X, Cao Z, Chu C, Lei C, Wang Y, Yang L, Pan Y, Sheng H, Cui D, Shao D, Yang H, Fu Y, Wen Y, Cai Z, Lai B, Chen M, Zheng P. Different projection neurons of basolateral amygdala participate in the retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory with diverse molecular pathways. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:793-808. [PMID: 38145987 PMCID: PMC11153146 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Context-induced retrieval of drug withdrawal memory is one of the important reasons for drug relapses. Previous studies have shown that different projection neurons in different brain regions or in the same brain region such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) participate in context-induced retrieval of drug withdrawal memory. However, whether these different projection neurons participate in the retrieval of drug withdrawal memory with same or different molecular pathways remains a topic for research. The present results showed that (1) BLA neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex (BLA-PrL) and BLA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (BLA-NAc) participated in context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (2) there was an increase in the expression of Arc and pERK in BLA-NAc neurons, but not in BLA-PrL neurons during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (3) pERK was the upstream molecule of Arc, whereas D1 receptor was the upstream molecule of pERK in BLA-NAc neurons during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (4) D1 receptors also strengthened AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, -mediated glutamatergic input to BLA-NAc neurons via pERK during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. These results suggest that different projection neurons of the BLA participate in the retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory with diverse molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoman Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zixuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenshan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dongyang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Da Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yali Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yaxian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangyin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
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2
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Kaplan GB, Thompson BL. Neuroplasticity of the extended amygdala in opioid withdrawal and prolonged opioid abstinence. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1253736. [PMID: 38044942 PMCID: PMC10690374 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1253736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is characterized by excessive use of opioids, inability to control its use, a withdrawal syndrome upon discontinuation of opioids, and long-term likelihood of relapse. The behavioral stages of opioid addiction correspond with affective experiences that characterize the opponent process view of motivation. In this framework, active involvement is accompanied by positive affective experiences which gives rise to "reward craving," whereas the opponent process, abstinence, is associated with the negative affective experiences that produce "relief craving." Relief craving develops along with a hypersensitization to the negatively reinforcing aspects of withdrawal during abstinence from opioids. These negative affective experiences are hypothesized to stem from neuroadaptations to a network of affective processing called the "extended amygdala." This negative valence network includes the three core structures of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc shell), in addition to major inputs from the basolateral amygdala (BLA). To better understand the major components of this system, we have reviewed their functions, inputs and outputs, along with the associated neural plasticity in animal models of opioid withdrawal. These models demonstrate the somatic, motivational, affective, and learning related models of opioid withdrawal and abstinence. Neuroadaptations in these stress and motivational systems are accompanied by negative affective and aversive experiences that commonly give rise to relapse. CeA neuroplasticity accounts for many of the aversive and fear-related effects of opioid withdrawal via glutamatergic plasticity and changes to corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)-containing neurons. Neuroadaptations in BNST pre-and post-synaptic GABA-containing neurons, as well as their noradrenergic modulation, may be responsible for a variety of aversive affective experiences and maladaptive behaviors. Opioid withdrawal yields a hypodopaminergic and amotivational state and results in neuroadaptive increases in excitability of the NAc shell, both of which are associated with increased vulnerability to relapse. Finally, BLA transmission to hippocampal and cortical regions impacts the perception of conditioned aversive effects of opioid withdrawal by higher executive systems. The prevention or reversal of these varied neuroadaptations in the extended amygdala during opioid withdrawal could lead to promising new interventions for this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B Kaplan
- Mental Health Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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3
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Visser E, Matos MR, Mitrić MM, Kramvis I, van der Loo RJ, Mansvelder HD, Smit AB, van den Oever MC. Extinction of Cocaine Memory Depends on a Feed-Forward Inhibition Circuit Within the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:1029-1038. [PMID: 34715992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine-associated environments (i.e., contexts) evoke persistent memories of cocaine reward and thereby contribute to the maintenance of addictive behavior in cocaine users. From a therapeutic perspective, enhancing inhibitory control over cocaine-conditioned responses is of pivotal importance but requires a more detailed understanding of the neural circuitry that can suppress context-evoked cocaine memories, e.g., through extinction learning. The ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) are thought to bidirectionally regulate responding to cocaine cues through their projections to other brain regions. However, whether these mPFC subregions interact to enable adaptive responding to cocaine-associated contextual stimuli has remained elusive. METHODS We used antero- and retrograde tracing combined with chemogenetic intervention to examine the role of vmPFC-to-dmPFC projections in extinction of cocaine-induced place preference in mice. In addition, electrophysiological recordings and optogenetics were used to determine whether parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the dmPFC are innervated by vmPFC projections. RESULTS We found that vmPFC-to-dmPFC projecting neurons are activated during unreinforced re-exposure to a cocaine-associated context, and selective suppression of these cells impairs extinction learning. Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in the dmPFC receive stronger monosynaptic excitatory input from vmPFC projections than local dmPFC pyramidal neurons, consequently resulting in disynaptic inhibition of pyramidal neurons. In line with this, we show that chemogenetic suppression of dmPFC parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons impairs extinction learning. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that vmPFC projections mediate extinction of a cocaine-associated contextual memory through recruitment of feed-forward inhibition in the dmPFC, thereby providing a novel neuronal substrate that promotes extinction-induced inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Visser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariana R Matos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miodrag M Mitrić
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ioannis Kramvis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolinka J van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huibert D Mansvelder
- Department of Integrated Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Nett KE, LaLumiere RT. Infralimbic cortex functioning across motivated behaviors: Can the differences be reconciled? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:704-721. [PMID: 34624366 PMCID: PMC8642304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The rodent infralimbic cortex (IL) is implicated in higher order executive functions such as reward seeking and flexible decision making. However, the precise nature of its role in these processes is unclear. Early evidence indicated that the IL promotes the extinction and ongoing inhibition of fear conditioning and cocaine seeking. However, evidence spanning other behavioral domains, such as natural reward seeking and habit-based learning, suggests a more nuanced understanding of IL function. As techniques have advanced and more studies have examined IL function, identifying a unifying explanation for its behavioral function has become increasingly difficult. Here, we discuss evidence of IL function across motivated behaviors, including associative learning, drug seeking, natural reward seeking, and goal-directed versus habit-based behaviors, and emphasize how context-specific encoding and heterogeneous IL neuronal populations may underlie seemingly conflicting findings in the literature. Together, the evidence suggests that a major IL function is to facilitate the encoding and updating of contingencies between cues and behaviors to guide subsequent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelle E Nett
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Ryan T LaLumiere
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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5
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The Paradoxical Effect Hypothesis of Abused Drugs in a Rat Model of Chronic Morphine Administration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153197. [PMID: 34361981 PMCID: PMC8348660 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies has recently shown that abused drugs could simultaneously induce the paradoxical effect in reward and aversion to influence drug addiction. However, whether morphine induces reward and aversion, and which neural substrates are involved in morphine’s reward and aversion remains unclear. The present study first examined which doses of morphine can simultaneously produce reward in conditioned place preference (CPP) and aversion in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rats. Furthermore, the aversive dose of morphine was determined. Moreover, using the aversive dose of 10 mg/kg morphine tested plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels and examined which neural substrates were involved in the aversive morphine-induced CTA on conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement. Further, we analyzed c-Fos and p-ERK expression to demonstrate the paradoxical effect—reward and aversion and nonhomeostasis or disturbance by morphine-induced CTA. The results showed that a dose of more than 20 mg/kg morphine simultaneously induced reward in CPP and aversion in CTA. A dose of 10 mg/kg morphine only induced the aversive CTA, and it produced higher plasma CORT levels in conditioning and reacquisition but not extinction. High plasma CORT secretions by 10 mg/kg morphine-induced CTA most likely resulted from stress-related aversion but were not a rewarding property of morphine. For assessments of c-Fos and p-ERK expression, the cingulate cortex 1 (Cg1), prelimbic cortex (PrL), infralimbic cortex (IL), basolateral amygdala (BLA), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dentate gyrus (DG) were involved in the morphine-induced CTA, and resulted from the aversive effect of morphine on conditioning and reinstatement. The c-Fos data showed fewer neural substrates (e.g., PrL, IL, and LH) on extinction to be hyperactive. In the context of previous drug addiction data, the evidence suggests that morphine injections may induce hyperactivity in many neural substrates, which mediate reward and/or aversion due to disturbance and nonhomeostasis in the brain. The results support the paradoxical effect hypothesis of abused drugs. Insight from the findings could be used in the clinical treatment of drug addiction.
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6
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Zhang L, Meng S, Chen W, Chen Y, Huang E, Zhang G, Liang Y, Ding Z, Xue Y, Chen Y, Shi J, Shi Y. High-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Facilitates Extinction and Prevents Reinstatement of Methamphetamine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705813. [PMID: 34276387 PMCID: PMC8277946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent and stable drug memories lead to a high rate of relapse among addicts. A number of studies have found that intervention in addiction-related memories can effectively prevent relapse. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) exhibits distinct therapeutic effects and advantages in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition, recent studies have also found that the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) could serve as a promising target in the treatment of addiction. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of DBS of the SNr on the reinstatement of drug-seeking behaviors. Electrodes were bilaterally implanted into the SNr of rats before training of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). High-frequency (HF) or low-frequency (LF) DBS was then applied to the SNr during the drug-free extinction sessions. We found that HF DBS, during the extinction sessions, facilitated extinction of methamphetamine-induced CPP and prevented drug-primed reinstatement, while LF DBS impaired the extinction. Both HF and LF DBS did not affect locomotor activity or induce anxiety-like behaviors of rats. Finally, HF DBS had no effect on the formation of methamphetamine-induced CPP. In conclusion, our results suggest that HF DBS of the SNr could promote extinction and prevent reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced CPP, and the SNr may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhang
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Clinical Application of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Enze Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guipeng Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yisen Liang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengbo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Clinical Application of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Clinical Application of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Clinical Application of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Drug Addiction and Medication Safety, Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Aliakbari S, Sayyah M, Mirzapourdelavar H, Amini N, Naghdi N, Pourbadie HG. Overexpression of protein kinase Mζ in the hippocampal dentate gyrus rescues amyloid-β-induced synaptic dysfunction within entorhinal-hippocampal circuit. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:160-171. [PMID: 33618267 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the first cerebral regions affected in the early phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble forms of amyloid beta (Aβ) impair synaptic transmission in experimental AD models. Protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) is an atypical persistently active protein kinase C, known to maintain long term synaptic plasticity and memory, but its role in AD has not yet been described. We examined effect of PKMζ overexpression on the late long-term potentiation (L-LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) following EC amyloidopathy. Oligomeric Aβ 1-42 (oAβ) or vehicle was bilaterally microinjected into the EC of the male Wistar rats. After 1 week, 2 µL of lentiviral vector (~108 TU/mL) encoding PKMζ genome was injected into the DG. One week later, synaptic responses and the LTP persistence were assessed in DG of freely moving animals during 90 minutes to 7 days period. Novel object recognition, passive avoidance and spatial memories were also tested. In rats with EC amyloidopathy, LTP was induced with less amplitude compared to the control group, and extinguished after 24 h. PKMζ overexpression in DG augmented synaptic responses (PS-LTP amplitudes) and maintained LTP over 1 week. PKMζ ameliorated recognition and memory deficits in rats with EC amyloidopathy. Microinjection of PKMζ inhibitor, zeta inhibitory peptide, into the DG abolished the boosting effect of PKMζ on synaptic activity and memory performance. PKMζ-dependent pathway could be a potential therapeutic target to combat synaptic failure and memory deficit in the early phase of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sayyah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Niloufar Amini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Heinsbroek JA, De Vries TJ, Peters J. Glutamatergic Systems and Memory Mechanisms Underlying Opioid Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a039602. [PMID: 32341068 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is of critical importance for the synaptic and circuit mechanisms that underlie opioid addiction. Opioid memories formed over the course of repeated drug use and withdrawal can become powerful stimuli that trigger craving and relapse, and glutamatergic neurotransmission is essential for the formation and maintenance of these memories. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which glutamate, dopamine, and opioid signaling interact to mediate the primary rewarding effects of opioids, and cover the glutamatergic systems and circuits that mediate the expression, extinction, and reinstatement of opioid seeking over the course of opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A Heinsbroek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Taco J De Vries
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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9
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Amini N, Azad RR, Motamedi F, Mirzapour-Delavar H, Ghasemi S, Aliakbari S, Pourbadie HG. Overexpression of protein kinase Mζ in the hippocampus mitigates Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive deficit in rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 166:64-72. [PMID: 33188852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) soluble forms in the cerebral parenchyma is the mainstream concept underlying memory deficit in the early phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD). PKMζ plays a critical role in the maintenance of long-term memory. Yet, the role of this brain-specific enzyme has not been addressed in AD. We examined the impact of hippocampal PKMζ overexpression on AD-related memory impairment in rats. Oligomeric form of Aβ (oAβ) or vehicle was bilaterally microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus of male Wistar rats under stereotaxic surgery. One week later, 2 μl of lentiviral vector (108 T.U. / ml.) encoding PKMζ genome was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus. Seven days later, behavioral performance was assessed using shuttle box and Morris water maze. The expression levels of GluA1, GluA2 and KCC2 were determined in the hippocampus using western blot technique. Our data showed that oAβ impairs both passive avoidance and spatial learning and memory. However, overexpression of PKMζ in the dorsal hippocampus restored the behavioral performance. This improving effect was blocked by microinjection of ZIP, a PKMζ inhibitor, into the hippocampus. oAβ or PKMζ did not significantly change GluA1 level in the hippocampus. Furthermore, PKMζ failed to restore elevated KCC2 level induced by oAβ. However, oAβ decreased GluA2 level, and overexpression of PKMζ restored its expression toward the control level. In conclusion, hippocampal overexpression of PKMζ restored memory dysfunction induced by amyloidopathy in part, through preserving hippocampal GluA2 containing AMPA receptors. PKMζ's signaling pathway could be considered as a therapeutic target to battle memory deficits in the early phase of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Amini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Group of Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Roosta Azad
- Biotechnology Group of Chemical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Soheil Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Interactions between prelimbic cortex and basolateral amygdala contribute to morphine-induced conditioned taste aversion in conditioning and extinction. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2020; 172:107248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2020.107248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Lin Z, Chen Y, Li J, Xu Z, Wang H, Lin J, Ye X, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Rao Y. Pharmacokinetics of N-ethylpentylone and its effect on increasing levels of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of conscious rats. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12755. [PMID: 30985062 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Ethylpentylone (NEP) is one of the most confiscated synthetic cathinones in the world. However, its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics remain largely unknown. In this study, the pharmacokentics of NEP in rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) was assessed via brain microdialysis after the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of NEP (20 or 50 mg/kg). The concentrations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, including 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were simultaneously monitored to elucidate the pharmacological effect of NEP. In addition, the plasma levels of NEP were also assessed. The pharmacokinetics of NEP showed a dose-related pattern, with NEP rapidly passing through the blood-brain barrier and reaching a maximum concentration (Cmax ) at approximately 40-minutes postdose. Approximately 4% of plasma NEP was distributed to the NAc, and considering a homogeneous brain distribution, over 90% of plasma NEP was potentially distributed to the brain. High values of area under curve (AUC) and mean residence time (MRT) of NEP were observed in both the NAc and plasma, indicating large and long-lasting effects. NEP elicited dose-related increases in microdialysate DA and 5-HT and increased the concentration of 3-MT in a dose-related manner. However, the rate of DA converted into 3-MT was unaffected. NEP had a negative effect on the rates of which DA and 5-HT were transformed into DOPAC and 5-HIAA, respectively. In summary, NEP rapidly entered the NAc and showed a long-lasting effect. In addition, DA increased more significantly than 5-HT, indicating a large potential for NEP abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yuancheng Chen
- Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan HospitalFudan University China
| | - Jiaolun Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Lab of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Ziqin Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic ScienceShanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence China
| | - Shuiqing Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic ScienceShanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence China
| | - Yulan Rao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University China
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12
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Bendová Z, Pačesová D, Novotný J. The day-night differences in ERK1/2, GSK3β activity and c-Fos levels in the brain, and the responsiveness of various brain structures to morphine. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:2471-2495. [PMID: 32170720 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As with other drugs or pharmaceuticals, opioids differ in their rewarding or analgesic effects depending on when they are applied. In the previous study, we have demonstrated the day/night difference in the sensitivity of the major circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to a low dose of morphine, and showed the bidirectional effect of morphine on pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus depending on the time of administration. The main aim of this study was to identify other brain structures that respond differently to morphine depending on the time of its administration. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified 44 structures that show time-of-day specific changes in c-Fos level and activity of ERK1/2 and GSK3β kinases in response to a single dose of 1 mg/kg morphine. Furthermore, comparison among control groups revealed the differences in the spontaneous levels of all markers with a generally higher level during the night, that is, in the active phase of the day. We thus provide further evidence for diurnal variations in the activity of brain regions outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus indicated by the temporal changes in the molecular substrate. We suggest that these changes are responsible for generating diurnal variation in the reward behavior or analgesic effect of opioid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeňka Bendová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Pačesová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Sleep Medicine and Chronobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Gao X, Zheng R, Ma X, Gong Z, Xia D, Zhou Q. Elevated Level of PKMζ Underlies the Excessive Anxiety in an Autism Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:291. [PMID: 31849605 PMCID: PMC6893886 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety affects the life quality of a significant percentage of autism patients. To understand the possible biological basis of this high anxiety level, we used a valproic acid (VPA) model of autism. Anxiety level is significantly higher in VPA-injected mice, at both P35 and P70. In addition, protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) level in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is significantly higher in VPA mice at both ages. Consistent with this finding, infusion of a PKMζ-blocking peptide z-pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide (ZIP) into BLA significantly reduced anxiety levels in VPA mice. Furthermore, viral overexpression of PKMζ in the BLA led to elevated anxiety level in Wild Type (WT) mice, with concomitant higher intrinsic excitability of BLA excitatory neurons. Altogether, our results indicate a key contribution of BLA PKMζ level to anxiety, especially in autism; and this finding may provide a further understanding of the pathogenesis as well as treatment of anxiety symptoms in autism patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Gao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiting Gong
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Dan Xia
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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14
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PKM-ζ Expression Is Important in Consolidation of Memory in Prelimbic Cortex Formed by the Process of Behavioral Tagging. Neuroscience 2019; 410:305-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Maiya R, Messing RO. Killing the Buζζ: accumbal PKMζ blunts cocaine seeking and reward. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:463-464. [PMID: 30449884 PMCID: PMC6333910 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Maiya
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Robert O. Messing
- 0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA ,0000 0004 1936 9924grid.89336.37Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1701 Trinity St., Stop Z0700 HDB 5.320, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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16
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Zhang WH, Cao KX, Ding ZB, Yang JL, Pan BX, Xue YX. Role of prefrontal cortex in the extinction of drug memories. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:463-477. [PMID: 30392133 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized that drug addiction engages aberrant process of learning and memory, and substantial studies have focused on developing effective treatment to erase the enduring drug memories to reduce the propensity to relapse. Extinction, a behavioral intervention exposing the individuals to the drug-associated cues repeatedly, can weaken the craving and relapse induced by drug-associated cues, but its clinic efficacy is limited. A clear understanding of the neuronal circuitry and molecular mechanism underlying extinction of drug memory will facilitate the successful use of extinction therapy in clinic. As a key component of mesolimbic system, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has received particular attention largely in that PFC stands at the core of neural circuits for memory extinction and manipulating mPFC influences extinction of drug memories and subsequent relapse. Here, we review the recent advances in both animal models of drug abuse and human addicted patients toward the understanding of the mechanistic link between mPFC and drug memory, with particular emphasis on how mPFC contributes to the extinction of drug memory at levels ranging from neuronal architecture, synaptic plasticity to molecular signaling and epigenetic regulation, and discuss the clinic relevance of manipulating the extinction process of drug memory to prevent craving and relapse through enhancing mPFC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ke-Xin Cao
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zeng-Bo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- Tianjin General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education and Neuroscience, National Health and Family Planning Commision, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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17
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Protein kinase Mζ in medial prefrontal cortex mediates depressive-like behavior and antidepressant response. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1878-1891. [PMID: 29180675 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal atrophy and alterations of synaptic structure and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), a brain-specific atypical protein kinase C isoform, is important for maintaining long-term potentiation and storing memory. In the present study, we explored the role of PKMζ in mPFC in two rat models of depression, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and learned helplessness. The involvement of PKMζ in the antidepressant effects of conventional antidepressants and ketamine were also investigated. We found that chronic stress decreased the expression of PKMζ in the mPFC and hippocampus but not in the orbitofrontal cortex. Overexpression of PKMζ in mPFC prevented the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CUS, and reversed helplessness behaviors. Inhibition of PKMζ in mPFC by expressing a PKMζ dominant-negative mutant induced depressive-like behaviors after subthreshold unpredictable stress and increased learned helplessness behavior. Furthermore, stress-induced deficits in synaptic proteins and decreases in dendritic density and the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in the mPFC were prevented by PKMζ overexpression and potentiated by PKMζ inhibition in subthreshold stress rats. The antidepressants fluoxetine, desipramine and ketamine increased PKMζ expression in mPFC and PKMζ mediated the antidepressant effects of ketamine. These findings identify PKMζ in mPFC as a critical mediator of depressive-like behavior and antidepressant response, providing a potential therapeutic target in developing novel antidepressants.
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18
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Liu JF, Tian J, Li JX. Modulating reconsolidation and extinction to regulate drug reward memory. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2503-2512. [PMID: 30113098 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is an aberrant memory that shares the same memory processes as other memories. Brief exposure to drug-associated cues could result in reconsolidation, a hypothetical process during which original memory could be updated. In contrast, longer exposure times to drug-associated cues could trigger extinction, a process that decreases the conditioned responding. In this review, we discuss the pharmacological and non-pharmacological manipulations on the reconsolidation and extinction that could be used to interfere with drug reward memories. Pharmacological agents such as β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol can interfere with reconsolidation to disrupt drug reward memory. Pharmacological agents such as the NMDA receptor glycine site agonists d-cycloserine and d-serine can facilitate extinction and then attenuate the expression of drug reward memory. Besides pharmacological interventions, drug-free behavioral approaches by utilizing the reconsolidation and extinction, such as 'post-retrieval extinction' and 'UCS-retrieval extinction', are also effective to erase or inhibit the recall of drug reward memory. Taken together, pharmacological modulation and non-pharmacological modulation of reconsolidation and extinction are promising approaches to regulate drug reward memory and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 955 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
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19
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Memory retrieval in addiction: a role for miR-105-mediated regulation of D1 receptors in mPFC neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala. BMC Biol 2017; 15:128. [PMID: 29282124 PMCID: PMC5745965 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by the compulsive use of drugs. The study of chronic morphine-induced adaptation in the brain and its functional significance is of importance to understand the mechanism of morphine addiction. Previous studies have found a number of chronic morphine-induced adaptive changes at molecular levels in the brain. A study from our lab showed that chronic morphine-induced increases in the expression of D1 receptors at presynaptic terminals coming from other structures to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) played an important role in environmental cue-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. However, the neurocircuitry where the increased D1 receptors are located and how chronic morphine increases D1 receptor expression in specific neurocircuits remain to be elucidated. Results Our results show that chronic morphine induces a persistent increase in D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the BLA, but has no influence on D1 receptor expression in projection neurons from the hippocampus or the thalamus to the BLA. This adaptation to chronic morphine is mediated by reduced expression of miR-105 in the mPFC, which results in enhanced D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA. Ex vivo optogenetic experiments show that a chronic morphine-induced increase in D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA results in sensitization of the effect of D1 receptor agonist on presynaptic glutamate release. mPFC to BLA projection neurons are activated by withdrawal-associated environmental cues in morphine-withdrawal rats, and overexpression of miR-105 in the mPFC leads to reduced D1 receptor induction in response to chronic morphine in glutamatergic terminals of the projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA, and a reduction in place aversion conditioned by morphine withdrawal. Conclusions These results suggest that chronic morphine use induces a persistent increase in D1 receptors in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA via downregulation of miR-105 in the mPFC, and that these adaptive changes contribute to environmental cue-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0467-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Predictable Chronic Mild Stress during Adolescence Promotes Fear Memory Extinction in Adulthood. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7857. [PMID: 28798340 PMCID: PMC5552791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life stress in adolescence has a long-lasting influence on brain function in adulthood, and it is mostly recognized as a predisposing factor for mental illnesses, such as anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. Previous studies also indicated that adolescent predictable chronic mild stress (PCMS) in early life promotes resilience to depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in adulthood. However, the role of PCMS in associated memory process is still unclear. In the present study, we found that adolescent PCMS facilitated extinction and inhibited fear response in reinstatement and spontaneous recovery tests in adult rats, and this effect was still present 1 week later. PCMS in adolescence increased the activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in infralimbic cortex (IL) but not prelimbic cortex in adulthood. Intra-IL infusion of BDNF antibody and the ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 reversed PCMS-induced enhancement of fear extinction. Moreover, we found that PCMS decreased DNA methylation of the Bdnf gene at exons IV and VI and elevated the mRNA levels of Bdnf in the IL. Our findings indicate that adolescent PCMS exposure promotes fear memory extinction in adulthood, which reevaluates the traditional notion of adolescent stress.
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21
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Regulation and function of MeCP2 Ser421 phosphorylation in U50488-induced conditioned place aversion in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:913-923. [PMID: 28116477 PMCID: PMC5321784 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphorylation of the methyl DNA-binding protein MeCP2 at Ser421 (pMeCP2-S421) is induced in corticolimbic brain regions during exposure to drugs of abuse and modulates reward-driven behaviors. However, whether pMeCP2-S421 is also involved in behavioral adaptations to aversive drugs is unknown. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to establish the role and regulation of pMeCP2-S421 in corticolimbic brain regions of mice upon acute treatment with the kappa opioid receptor agonist U50488 and during the expression of U50488-induced conditioned place aversion (CPA). METHODS pMeCP2-S421 levels were measured in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prelimbic cortex, infralimbic cortex (ILC), and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of male mice after intraperitoneal administration of U50488 and upon the expression of U50488-induced CPA. Fos was measured as marker of neural activity in the same brain regions. U50488-induced CPA and Fos levels were compared between knockin (KI) mice that lack pMeCP2-S421 and their wild-type (WT) littermates. RESULTS U50488 administration acutely induced pMeCP2-S421 and Fos selectively in the NAc but did not alter MeCP2 levels in any brain region. U50488-induced CPA was associated with decreased pMeCP2-S421 in the ILC and BLA and induced Fos in the BLA. MeCP2 KI mice showed CPA indistinguishable from their WT littermates, but they also showed less BLA Fos induction upon CPA. CONCLUSION These data are the first to show that pMeCP2-S421 is induced in the brain acutely after U50488 administration but not upon U50488-induced CPA. Although pMeCP2-S421 is not required for U50488-induced CPA, this phosphorylation event may contribute to molecular plasticities in brain regions that govern aversive behaviors.
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22
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Martínez-Rivera FJ, Rodriguez-Romaguera J, Lloret-Torres ME, Do Monte FH, Quirk GJ, Barreto-Estrada JL. Bidirectional Modulation of Extinction of Drug Seeking by Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Striatum. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:682-690. [PMID: 27449798 PMCID: PMC5507549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research in humans and rodents has explored the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VS) as a possible treatment for drug addiction. However, the optimum electrode placement and optimum DBS parameters have not been thoroughly studied. Here we varied stimulation sites and frequencies to determine whether DBS of the VS could facilitate the extinction of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. METHODS Rats were implanted with DBS electrodes in the dorsal or ventral subregions of the VS and trained to the morphine conditioned place preference. Subsequently, rats received extinction sessions over 9 days, combined with 60 min of either high- (130 Hz) or low- (20 Hz) frequency DBS. To study circuit-wide activations after DBS of the VS, c-fos immunohistochemistry was performed in regions involved in the extinction of drug-seeking behaviors. RESULTS High-frequency DBS of the dorsal-VS impaired both extinction training and extinction memory, whereas high-frequency DBS of the ventral-VS had no effect. In contrast, low-frequency DBS of the dorsal-VS strengthened extinction memory when tested 2 or 9 days after the cessation of stimulation. Both DBS frequencies increased c-fos expression in the infralimbic prefrontal cortex, but only low-frequency DBS increased c-fos expression in the basal amygdala and the medial portion of the central amygdala. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low-frequency (rather than high-frequency) DBS of the dorsal-VS strengthens extinction memory and may be a potential adjunct for extinction-based therapies for treatment-refractory opioid addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Rodriguez-Romaguera
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Fabricio H Do Monte
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gregory J Quirk
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jennifer L Barreto-Estrada
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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23
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Xu LZ, Xu DF, Han Y, Liu LJ, Sun CY, Deng JH, Zhang RX, Yuan M, Zhang SZ, Li ZM, Xu Y, Li JS, Xie SH, Li SX, Zhang HY, Lu L. BDNF-GSK-3β-β-Catenin Pathway in the mPFC Is Involved in Antidepressant-Like Effects of Morinda officinalis Oligosaccharides in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:83-93. [PMID: 27729466 PMCID: PMC5737867 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides have been reported to exert neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test in mice. However, the mechanisms that underlie the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides are unclear. METHODS Chronic unpredictable stress and forced swim test were used to explore the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides and resilience to stress in rats. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 was microinjected in the medial prefrontal cortex to explore the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase 3β, β-catenin, and synaptic proteins was determined in the medial prefrontal cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex by western blot. RESULTS We found that Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides effectively ameliorated chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test and forced swim test. The Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides also significantly rescued chronic unpredictable stress-induced abnormalities in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β-β-catenin pathway and synaptic protein deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex but not orbitofrontal cortex. The activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by the phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 abolished the antidepressant-like effects of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the forced swim test. Naïve rats that were treated with Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides exhibited resilience to chronic unpredictable stress, accompanied by increases in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated-Ser9-glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and β-catenin in the medial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-glycogen synthase kinase-3β-β-catenin pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex may underlie the antidepressant-like effect of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides and resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zhi Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - De-Feng Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ying Han
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Li-Jing Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Cheng-Yu Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ruo-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Ming Yuan
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Zhi-Meng Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Jin-Sheng Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Hua Xie
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie)
| | - Su-Xia Li
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie),Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Mr D.-F. Xu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms S.-Z. Zhang, Ms H.-Y. Zhang, and Dr Lu); National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr L.-Z. Xu, Dr Han, Ms Liu, Drs Sun, Deng, and R.-X. Zhang, Ms Yuan, Dr S.-X. Li, and Dr Lu); Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China (Dr Lu); Beijing Zhong Yan Tongrentang Medicine R&D Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Mr Z.-M. Li, and Dr Xu); Beijing Tong Ren Tang Co., Ltd, Beijing, China (Dr J.-S. Li, and Ms Xie),Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
| | - Lin Lu
- Correspondence: Su-Xia Li, MD, PhD, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38, Xue Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China (); and Hong-Yan Zhang, BS and Lin Lu, MD, PhD, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health/National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorder, Peking University, 51 Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China () and ()
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Zhang Y, Zong W, Zhang L, Ma Y, Wang J. Protein kinase M ζ and the maintenance of long-term memory. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:215-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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García-Pardo MP, Roger-Sanchez C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Aguilar MA. Pharmacological modulation of protein kinases as a new approach to treat addiction to cocaine and opiates. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Liu P, Zhang J, Li M, Sui N. Distinctive Roles of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in Anterior Agranular Insular and Basolateral Amygdala in Reconsolidation of Aversive Memory Associated with Morphine in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:50. [PMID: 27014010 PMCID: PMC4791382 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), has been implicated in aversive memory and the function of brain region involved in processing emotion. However, little is known about the role of 5-aza in the reconsolidation of opiate withdrawal memory. In the present study, using the morphine-naloxone induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) model in rats, we injected 5-aza into agranular insular (AI), granular insular (GI), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA) immediately after the memory retrieval and tested the behavioral consequences at 24 h, 7 and 14 days after retrieval test. We found that 5-aza injection into AI disrupted the reconsolidation of morphine-associated withdrawal memory, but 5-aza injection into GI had no impact on the reconsolidation. Meanwhile, 5-aza injection into BLA but not CeA attenuated the withdrawal memory trace 14 days later. However, 5-aza administration to rats, in the absence of memory reactivation, had no effect on morphine-associated withdrawal memory. These findings suggest that 5-aza interferes with the reconsolidation of opiate withdrawal memory, and the roles of insular and amygdala in reconsolidation are distinctive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - JianJun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nan Sui
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China
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27
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Chihabi K, Morielli AD, Green JT. Intracerebellar infusion of the protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) inhibitor zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) disrupts eyeblink classical conditioning. Behav Neurosci 2016; 130:563-571. [PMID: 26949968 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase M zeta (PKM-ζ), a constitutively active N-terminal truncated form of PKC-ζ, has long been implicated in a cellular correlate of learning, long-term potentiation (LTP). Inhibition of PKM-ζ with zeta-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) has been shown in many brain structures to disrupt maintenance of AMPA receptors, irreversibly disrupting numerous forms of learning and memory that have been maintained for weeks. Delay eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is an established model for the assessment of cerebellar learning; here, we show that PKC-ζ and PKM-ζ are highly expressed in the cerebellar cortex, with highest expression found in Purkinje cell (PC) nuclei. Despite being highly expressed in the cerebellar cortex, no studies have examined how regulation of cerebellar PKM-ζ may affect cerebellar-dependent learning and memory. Given its disruption of learning in other brain structures, we hypothesized that ZIP would also disrupt delay EBC. We have shown that infusion of ZIP into the lobulus simplex of the rat cerebellar cortex can indeed significantly disrupt delay EBC. (PsycINFO Database Record
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28
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Chen C, Meng SQ, Xue YX, Han Y, Sun CY, Deng JH, Chen N, Bao YP, Zhang FL, Cao LL, Zhu WG, Shi J, Song WH, Lu L. Epigenetic modification of PKMζ rescues aging-related cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22096. [PMID: 26926225 PMCID: PMC4772003 DOI: 10.1038/srep22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition is impacted by aging. However, the mechanisms that underlie aging-associated cognitive impairment are unclear. Here we showed that cognitive decline in aged rats was associated with changes in DNA methylation of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) in the prelimbic cortex (PrL). PKMζ is a crucial molecule involved in the maintenance of long-term memory. Using different behavioral models, we confirmed that aged rats exhibited cognitive impairment in memory retention test 24 h after training, and overexpression of PKMζ in the PrL rescued cognitive impairment in aged rats. After fear conditioning, the protein levels of PKMζ and the membrane expression of GluR2 increased in the PrL in young and adult rats but not in aged rats, and the levels of methylated PKMζ DNA in the PrL decreased in all age groups, whereas the levels of unmethylated PKMζ DNA increased only in young and adult rats. We also found that environmentally enriched housing reversed the hypermethylation of PKMζ and restored cognitive performance in aged rats. Inactivation of PKMζ prevented the potentiating effects of environmental enrichment on memory retention in aged rats. These results indicated that PKMζ might be a potential target for the treatment of aging-related cognitive impairment, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia-Hui Deng
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei-Long Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin-Lin Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Hong Song
- Brain Research Centre, Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China.,National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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ZHANG JJ, LIU XD, YU LC. Influences of Morphine on the Spontaneous and Evoked Excitatory Postsynaptic Currents in Lateral Amygdala of Rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65:165-9. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute morphine exposure induces antinociceptive activity, but the underlying mechanisms in the central nervous system are unclear. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings, we explore the role of morphine in the modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in lateral amygdala neurons of rats. The results demonstrate that perfusion of 10 μM of morphine to the lateral amygdala inhibits the discharge frequency significantly. We further find that there are no significant influences of morphine on the amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs). Interestingly, morphine shows no marked influence on the evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) in the lateral amygdala neurons. These results indicate that acute morphine treatment plays an important role in the modulation on the excitatory synaptic transmission in lateral amygdala neurons of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L.-C. YU
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology and Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Moorman DE, James MH, McGlinchey EM, Aston-Jones G. Differential roles of medial prefrontal subregions in the regulation of drug seeking. Brain Res 2015; 1628:130-46. [PMID: 25529632 PMCID: PMC4472631 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in shaping cognition and behavior. Many studies have shown that medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in seeking, extinction, and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rodent models of relapse. Subregions of mPFC appear to play distinct roles in these behaviors, such that the prelimbic cortex (PL) is proposed to drive cocaine seeking and the infralimbic cortex (IL) is proposed to suppress cocaine seeking after extinction. This dichotomy of mPFC function may be a general attribute, as similar dorsal-ventral distinctions exist for expression vs. extinction of fear conditioning. However, other results indicate that the role of mPFC neurons in reward processing is more complex than a simple PL-seek vs. IL-extinguish dichotomy. Both PL and IL have been shown to drive and inhibit drug seeking (and other types of behaviors) depending on a range of factors including the behavioral context, the drug-history of the animal, and the type of drug investigated. This heterogeneity of findings may reflect multiple subcircuits within each of these PFC areas supporting unique functions. It may also reflect the fact that the mPFC plays a multifaceted role in shaping cognition and behavior, including those overlapping with cocaine seeking and extinction. Here we discuss research leading to the hypothesis that dorsal and ventral mPFC differentially control drug seeking and extinction. We also present recent results calling the absolute nature of a PL vs. IL dichotomy into question. Finally, we consider alternate functions for mPFC that correspond less to response execution and inhibition and instead incorporate the complex cognitive behavior for which the mPFC is broadly appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Moorman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences & Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Morgan H James
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Ellen M McGlinchey
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Program in Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
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31
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Xue YX, Zhu ZZ, Han HB, Liu JF, Meng SQ, Chen C, Yang JL, Wu P, Lu L. Overexpression of Protein Kinase Mζ in the Prelimbic Cortex Enhances the Formation of Long-Term Fear Memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2146-56. [PMID: 25722116 PMCID: PMC4613603 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) after fear conditioning has been suggested to regulate the formation and expression of fear memory. Protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), an isoform of protein kinase C with persistent activity, is involved in the formation and maintenance of memory. However, less is known about the role of PKMζ in the PFC in the formation of fear memory. We investigated whether the overexpression of PKMζ enhances the formation of auditory fear memory in rats. We found that microinfusion of lentiviral vector-expressing PKMζ into the prelimbic cortex (PrL) selectively enhanced the expression of PKMζ without influencing the expression of other isoforms of PKC. The overexpression of PKMζ in the PrL enhanced the formation of long-term fear memory without affecting short-term fear memory, whereas the overexpression of PKMζ in the infralimbic cortex had no effect on either short-term or long-term fear memory. The overexpression of PKMζ in the PrL had no effect on anxiety-like behavior or locomotor activity. We also found that PKMζ overexpression potentiated the fear conditioning-induced increase in the membrane levels of glutamate subunit 2 of AMPA receptors in the PrL. These results demonstrate that the overexpression of PKMζ in the PrL but not infralimbic cortex selectively enhanced the formation of long-term fear memory, and PKMζ in the PrL may be involved in the formation of fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Bin Han
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Li Yang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Center of Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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A novel UCS memory retrieval-extinction procedure to inhibit relapse to drug seeking. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7675. [PMID: 26169171 PMCID: PMC4510700 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that a conditioned stimulus (CS) memory retrieval-extinction procedure decreases reinstatement of cocaine and heroin seeking in rats and heroin craving in humans. Here we show that non-contingent cocaine or methylphenidate injections (UCS retrieval) 1 h before the extinction sessions decreases cocaine-priming-induced reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, and renewal of cocaine seeking in rats. Unlike the CS-based memory retrieval-extinction procedure, the UCS memory retrieval manipulation decreases renewal and reinstatement of cocaine seeking in the presence of cocaine cues that were not present during extinction training and also decreases cocaine seeking when the procedure commences after 28 days of abstinence. The inhibitory effect of the UCS retrieval manipulation on cocaine-priming-induced reinstatement is mediated by regulation of AMPA-receptor endocytosis in the basolateral amygdala. The UCS memory retrieval-extinction procedure has superior relapse prevention characteristics than the CS memory retrieval-extinction procedure and could be a promising method for decreasing relapse in human addicts. Cue-based therapies for treating drug addiction have proven to be only partially effective. Here the authors demonstrate a new memory retrieval based treatment protocol for drug addiction that results in long-lasting inhibition of drug seeking behavior in rodents.
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eIF2α dephosphorylation in basolateral amygdala mediates reconsolidation of drug memory. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10010-21. [PMID: 25057203 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0934-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive memories elicited by exposure to environmental stimuli associated with drugs of abuse are often responsible for relapse among addicts. Interference with the reconsolidation of drug memory can inhibit drug seeking. Previous studies have indicated that the dephosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α-subunit (eIF2α) plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory consolidation, but its role in the reconsolidation of drug memory remains unknown. The amygdala is required for the reconsolidation of a destabilized drug memory after retrieval of drug-paired stimuli. Here, we used conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration procedures to determine whether amygdala eIF2α dephosphorylation is required for the reconsolidation of morphine and cocaine memories in rats. We found that the levels of eIF2α phosphorylation (Ser51) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) were decreased after reexposure to a previously morphine- or cocaine-paired context (i.e., a memory retrieval procedure) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) but not in the central amygdala. Intra-BLA infusions of Sal003, a selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, immediately after memory retrieval disrupted the reconsolidation of morphine- or cocaine-induced CPP, leading to a long-lasting suppression of drug-paired stimulus-induced craving. Advanced knockdown of ATF4 expression in the BLA by lentivirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA blocked the disruption of the reconsolidation of morphine-induced CPP induced by Sal003 treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of eIF2α dephosphorylation in the BLA immediately after light/tone stimulus retrieval decreased subsequent cue-induced heroin-seeking behavior in the self-administration procedure. These results demonstrate that eIF2α dephosphorylation in the BLA mediates the memory reconsolidation of drug-paired stimuli.
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Ji LL, Tong L, Xu BK, Fu CH, Shu W, Peng JB, Wang ZY. Intra-hippocampal administration of ZIP alleviates depressive and anxiety-like responses in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Funct 2014; 10:28. [PMID: 25178800 PMCID: PMC4158004 DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given that impairment of fear extinction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), effective pharmacological interventions that facilitate fear extinction may provide alternative strategies to conventional treatment. It is generally accepted that the zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP), a controversial inhibitor of protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ), could erase certain types of previously established long-term memories. However, it is unclear whether ZIP administration may alleviate PTSD-associated depressive and anxiety-like abnormalities. Methods Here we developed a re-stressed single-prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm, a modified prevalent animal model of PTSD, and assayed the expressions of PKMζ in the hippocampus after SPS procedure. Next, Seven days prior to re-stress, ZIP was injected into the hippocampus, and the depressive and anxiety-like behavior was examined by the subsequent forced swim (FS), open-field and elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Results Rats given ZIP prior to FS exhibited a reduction of immobility time in FS test, and more open arms (OA) entries and longer OA duration in EPM. They also spent longer time in the center of the open field. Conclusions Our results suggested that re-stressed SPS could reproduce behavioral alteration similar to that observed in patients with PTSD, and these behavioral symptoms co-morbid with PTSD could be effectively alleviated by the intro-hippocampal administration of ZIP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Evuarherhe O, Barker GRI, Savalli G, Warburton EC, Brown MW. Early memory formation disrupted by atypical PKC inhibitor ZIP in the medial prefrontal cortex but not hippocampus. Hippocampus 2014; 24:934-42. [PMID: 24729442 PMCID: PMC4285083 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atypical isoforms of protein kinase C (aPKCs; particularly protein kinase M zeta: PKMζ) have been hypothesized to be necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long term memory by maintaining postsynaptic AMPA receptors via the GluA2 subunit. A myristoylated PKMζ pseudosubstrate peptide (ZIP) blocks PKMζ activity. We examined the actions of ZIP in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus in associative recognition memory in rats during early memory formation and memory maintenance. ZIP infusion in either hippocampus or mPFC impaired memory maintenance. However, early memory formation was impaired by ZIP in mPFC but not hippocampus; and blocking GluA2-dependent removal of AMPA receptors did not affect this impairment caused by ZIP in the mPFC. The findings indicate: (i) a difference in the actions of ZIP in hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, and (ii) a GluA2-independent target of ZIP (possibly PKCλ) in the mPFC during early memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaro Evuarherhe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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36
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Sun J, Lu B, Yao J, Lei W, Huang Y, Zhang H, Xiao C. Intra-periaqueductal gray infusion of zeta inhibitory peptide attenuates pain-conditioned place avoidance in rats. Brain Res 2014; 1582:55-63. [PMID: 25065981 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a complex experience that made up of sensory, emotional and cognitive dimensions, and the emotional factors have an important influence on intensity of pain perception. The role of periaqueductal gray (PAG) in sensory component of pain has been extensively studied, while data about pain affect are quite limited. Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA) test and inflammatory pain model, present study investigated the effect of intra-PAG infusion of zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) on noxious stimulation induced aversion, and the sensory component of pain. Intra-PAG injection of ZIP is sufficient to disrupt pain-induced aversion, but the ZIP infusion did not change inflammation induced pain hypersensitivity in rats. These findings suggest that PAG contributes to pain-related aversion in rats, and the mechanism of pain emotion encoding in PAG may attribute to the activation of targets of ZIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Sun
- Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Juan Yao
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Weiping Lei
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Anesthesia, Hangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People׳s Hospital, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Department of Anesthesia, Jiaxing First Hospital, Jiaxing 314000, PR China.
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37
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Chai N, Liu JF, Xue YX, Yang C, Yan W, Wang HM, Luo YX, Shi HS, Wang JS, Bao YP, Meng SQ, Ding ZB, Wang XY, Lu L. Delayed noradrenergic activation in the dorsal hippocampus promotes the long-term persistence of extinguished fear. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:1933-45. [PMID: 24553734 PMCID: PMC4059903 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fear extinction has been extensively studied, but little is known about the molecular processes that underlie the persistence of extinction long-term memory (LTM). We found that microinfusion of norepinephrine (NE) into the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus during the early phase (0 h) after extinction enhanced extinction LTM at 2 and 14 days after extinction. Intra-CA1 infusion of NE during the late phase (12 h) after extinction selectively promoted extinction LTM at 14 days after extinction that was blocked by the β-receptor antagonist propranolol, protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMPS, and protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin and emetine. The phosphorylation levels of PKA, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB), GluR1, and the membrane GluR1 level were increased by NE during the late phase after extinction that was also blocked by propranolol and Rp-cAMPS. These results suggest that the enhancement of extinction LTM persistence induced by NE requires the activation of the β-receptor/PKA/CREB signaling pathway and membrane GluR1 trafficking. Moreover, extinction increased the phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, CREB, and GluR1, and the membrane GluR1 level during the late phase, and anisomycin/emetine alone disrupted the persistence of extinction LTM, indicating that the persistence of extinction LTM requires late-phase protein synthesis in the CA1. Propranolol and Rp-cAMPS did not completely disrupt the persistence of extinction LTM, suggesting that another β-receptor/PKA-independent mechanism underlies the persistence of extinction LTM. Altogether, our results showed that enhancing hippocampal noradrenergic activity during the late phase after extinction selectively promotes the persistence of extinction LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chai
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,Institute of Mental Health and Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Xiao Luo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Shui Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ji-Shi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy of Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Qiu Meng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Bo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Yi Wang
- Institute of Mental Health and Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Institute of Mental Health Hebei Brain Ageing and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China, E-mail:
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China,Institute of Mental Health and National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing 100191, China, Tel: +86 10 82802459, Fax: +86 10 62032624, E-mail:
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Abstract
Extinction therapy has been suggested to suppress the conditioned motivational effect of drug cues to prevent relapse. However, extinction forms a new inhibiting memory rather than erasing the original memory trace and drug memories invariably return. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix around interneurons in the brain that have been suggested to be a permissive factor that allows synaptic plasticity in the adolescent brain. The degradation of PNNs caused by chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) may generate induced juvenile-like plasticity (iPlasticity) and promote experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of removing PNNs in the amygdala of rat on the extinction of drug memories. We found that extinction combined with intra-amygdala injections of ChABC (0.01 U/side) prevented the subsequent priming-induced reinstatement of morphine-induced and cocaine-induced, but not food -induced, conditioned place preference (CPP). Intra-amygdala injections of ChABC alone had no effect on the retention, retrieval, or relearning of morphine-induced CPP and storage of acquired food-induced CPP. Moreover, we found that the procedure facilitated the extinction of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behavior and prevented the spontaneous recovery and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin- and cocaine-seeking behavior. We also found that the effect of PNNs degradation combined with extinction may be mediated by the potentiation of several plasticity-related proteins in the amygdala. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that a combination of extinction training with PNNs degradation in the amygdala erases drug memories and suggest that ChABC may be an attractive candidate for the prevention of relapse.
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Howell KK, Monk BR, Carmack SA, Mrowczynski OD, Clark RE, Anagnostaras SG. Inhibition of PKC disrupts addiction-related memory. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:70. [PMID: 24639635 PMCID: PMC3945752 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The atypical PKC isoforms, PKMζ and PKCλ have been proposed as integral substrates of long-term memory (LTM). Inhibition of these isoforms has recently been demonstrated to be sufficient for impairing the expression and maintenance of long-term potentiation. Additionally, the pseudosubstrate inhibitor, zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP), which effectively blocks PKMζ and PKCλ, has previously been shown to disrupt associative memory; very little is known about its effects on pathological nonassociative forms of memory related to addiction. The neural and molecular substrates of memory and addiction have recently been argued to overlap. Here, we used ZIP to disrupt PKMζ and PKCλ activity to examine their role in cocaine sensitization, a nonassociative, addiction-related memory argued to underlie the transition from casual to pathological drug use. We examined the effects of both continuous and acute administration of ZIP. Even a single application of ZIP blocked the development of sensitization; sustained inhibition using osmotic pumps produced an almost complete blockade of sensitization. Further, a single application of ZIP was shown to reduce membrane-bound AMPAR expression. These results demonstrate a novel, critical role for the atypical PKC isoforms in nonassociative memory and cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Howell
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley R Monk
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Carmack
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Oliver D Mrowczynski
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Clark
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Diego, CA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Stephan G Anagnostaras
- Molecular Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA ; Program in Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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40
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The "memory kinases": roles of PKC isoforms in signal processing and memory formation. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 122:31-59. [PMID: 24484697 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, which play an essential role in transmembrane signal conduction, can be viewed as a family of "memory kinases." Evidence is emerging that they are critically involved in memory acquisition and maintenance, in addition to their involvement in other functions of cells. Deficits in PKC signal cascades in neurons are one of the earliest abnormalities in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Their dysfunction is also involved in several other types of memory impairments, including those related to emotion, mental retardation, brain injury, and vascular dementia/ischemic stroke. Inhibition of PKC activity leads to a reduced capacity of many types of learning and memory, but may have therapeutic values in treating substance abuse or aversive memories. PKC activators, on the other hand, have been shown to possess memory-enhancing and antidementia actions. PKC pharmacology may, therefore, represent an attractive area for developing effective cognitive drugs for the treatment of many types of memory disorders and dementias.
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41
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Hernández AI, Oxberry WC, Crary JF, Mirra SS, Sacktor TC. Cellular and subcellular localization of PKMζ. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 369:20130140. [PMID: 24298142 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to protein kinases that participate in long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and memory consolidation, the autonomously active atypical protein kinase C isoform, protein kinase Mzeta (PKMζ), functions in the core molecular mechanism of LTP maintenance and long-term memory storage. Here, using multiple complementary techniques for light and electron microscopic immunolocalization, we present the first detailed characterization of the cellular and subcellular distribution of PKMζ in rat hippocampus and neocortex. We find that PKMζ is widely expressed in forebrain with prominent immunostaining in hippocampal and neocortical grey matter, and weak label in white matter. In hippocampal and cortical pyramidal cells, PKMζ expression is predominantly somatodendritic, and electron microscopy highlights the kinase at postsynaptic densities and in clusters within spines. In addition, nuclear label and striking punctate immunopositive structures in a paranuclear and dendritic distribution are seen by confocal microscopy, occasionally at dendritic bifurcations. PKMζ immunoreactive granules are observed by electron microscopy in cell bodies and dendrites, including endoplasmic reticulum. The widespread distribution of PKMζ in nuclei, nucleoli and endoplasmic reticulum suggests potential roles of this kinase in cell-wide mechanisms involving gene expression, biogenesis of ribosomes and new protein synthesis. The localization of PKMζ within postsynaptic densities and spines suggests sites where the kinase stores information during LTP maintenance and long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iván Hernández
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, , Brooklyn, NY, USA
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42
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Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Amygdalostriatal projections in the neurocircuitry for motivation: a neuroanatomical thread through the career of Ann Kelley. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1932-45. [PMID: 23220696 PMCID: PMC3838492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In MacLean's triune brain, the amygdala putatively subserves motivated behavior by modulating the "reptilian" basal ganglia. Accordingly, Ann Kelley, with Domesick and Nauta, influentially showed that amygdalostriatal projections are much more extensive than were appreciated. They highlighted that amygdalar projections to the rostral ventromedial striatum converged with projections from the ventral tegmental area and cingulate cortex, forming a "limbic striatum". Caudal of the anterior commissure, the entire striatum receives afferents from deep basal nuclei of the amygdala. Orthologous topographic projections subsequently were observed in fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Subsequent functional studies linked acquired value to action via this neuroanatomical substrate. From Dr. Kelley's work evolved insights into components of the distributed, interconnected network that subserves motivated behavior, including the nucleus accumbens shell and core and the striatal-like extended amygdala macrostructure. These heuristic frameworks provide a neuroanatomical basis for adaptively translating motivation into behavior. The ancient amygdala-to-striatum pathways remain a current functional thread not only for stimulus-response valuation, but also for the psychopathological plasticity that underlies addiction-related memory, craving and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Zorrilla
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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43
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Peters J, Pattij T, De Vries TJ. Targeting cocaine versus heroin memories: divergent roles within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:689-95. [PMID: 24182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the search for novel treatments for addiction, most research has been propelled by the hope for a 'magic bullet' that would cure all forms of addiction. More recently, the field has started to appreciate the differences between psychostimulants versus opiates. Recent data suggest that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) may fundamentally serve different roles in cocaine versus heroin addiction: acting as a neural OFF switch for cocaine seeking, but an ON switch for heroin seeking. We discuss the relevance of this distinction in relationship to three main functions of the vmPFC: (i) extinction memory, (ii) the suppression of impulsive behaviors, and (iii) the transition from goal-directed behaviors to habits. We highlight the importance of dopamine in modulating corticostriatal circuits for each of these functions. Finally, we conclude by discussing the implications for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Peters
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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44
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Kwapis JL, Helmstetter FJ. Does PKM(zeta) maintain memory? Brain Res Bull 2013; 105:36-45. [PMID: 24076105 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work on the long-term stability of memory has identified a potentially critical role for protein kinase Mzeta (PKMζ) in maintaining established memory. PKMζ, an autonomously active isoform of PKC, is hypothesized to sustain those changes that occurred during memory formation in order to preserve the memory engram over time. Initial studies investigating the role of PKMζ were largely successful in demonstrating a role for the kinase in memory maintenance; disrupting PKMζ activity with ζ-inhibitory peptide (ZIP) was successful in disrupting a variety of established associations in a number of key brain regions. More recent work, however, has questioned both the role of PKMζ in memory maintenance and the effectiveness of ZIP as a specific inhibitor of PKMζ activity. Here, we outline the research both for and against the idea that PKMζ is a memory maintenance mechanism and discuss how these two lines of research can be reconciled. We conclude by proposing a number of studies that would help to clarify the role of PKMζ in memory and define other mechanisms the brain may use to maintain memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine L Kwapis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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45
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Luo YX, Xue YX, Shen HW, Lu L. Role of amygdala in drug memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 105:159-73. [PMID: 23831499 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder with the hallmark of a high rate of relapse to compulsive drug seeking and drug taking even after long-term abstinence. Addiction has been considered as an aberrant memory that has been termed "addiction memory." Drug-related memory plays a critical role in the maintenance of learned addictive behaviors and emergence of relapse. Disrupting these long-lasting memories by administering amnestic agents or other manipulations during specific phases of drug memory is a promising strategy for relapse prevention. Recent studies on the processes of drug addiction and relapse have demonstrated that the amygdala is involved in associative drug addiction learning processes. In this review, we focus on preclinical studies that used conditioned place preference and self-administration models to investigate the differential roles of the amygdala in each phase of drug-related memory, including acquisition, consolidation, retrieval, reconsolidation, and extinction. These studies indicate that the amygdala plays a critical role in both cue-associative learning and the expression of cue-induced relapse to drug-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiao Luo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Vélez-Hernández ME, Vázquez-Torres R, Velasquez-Martinez MC, Jiménez L, Báez F, Sacktor TC, Jiménez-Rivera CA. Inhibition of Protein kinase Mzeta (PKMζ) in the mesolimbic system alters cocaine sensitization in rats. JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2013; 2:235669. [PMID: 24729912 PMCID: PMC3980506 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cocaine use produces long-lasting changes in reward circuits that may underlie the transition from casual to compulsive patterns of drug use. Although strong neuroadaptations within the mesocorticolimbic system are known to occur, the specific role of these drug-induced plasticities on sensitization remains to be elucidated. Here we investigate whether PKMζ, a protein involved in maintaining long-term potentiation (LTP), plays a role in these cocaine-induced changes in synaptic strengthening. We performed whole-cell voltage clamp recordings of putative ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) cells 24 hours after five days of 15 mg/kg i.p. cocaine or isovolumetric saline injections. We observed that superfusion of 5µM ZIP (PKMζ inhibitory peptide) decreased AMPA currents and AMPA/NMDA ratios only in cocaine sensitized rats. In vivo ZIP microinfusions (10 nmol) into the VTA after cocaine sensitization decreased locomotor activity on a subsequent cocaine challenge only if given ZIP is given before the withdrawal period. On the other hand, ZIP microinfusions into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core after a seven days withdrawal period disrupt the expression of locomotor sensitization. The present data provide a potentially relevant region, and time-specific PKMζ-dependent brain mechanism that enables sensitization. Our results support the vision that addiction involves a pathological learning process. They imply that if this synaptic strengthening is reversed, changes in the behavioral response may also be overturned.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Vélez-Hernández
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Torres
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Lincoln Jiménez
- Section of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Frankie Báez
- Section of Neurological Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Todd C. Sacktor
- Departments of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York
| | - Carlos A. Jiménez-Rivera
- Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Ren ZY, Liu MM, Xue YX, Ding ZB, Xue LF, Zhai SD, Lu L. A critical role for protein degradation in the nucleus accumbens core in cocaine reward memory. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:778-90. [PMID: 23303053 PMCID: PMC3672001 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The intense associative memories that develop between cocaine-paired contexts and rewarding stimuli contribute to cocaine seeking and relapse. Previous studies have shown impairment in cocaine reward memories by manipulating a labile state induced by memory retrieval, but the mechanisms that underlie the destabilization of cocaine reward memory are unknown. In this study, using a Pavlovian cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure in rats, we tested the contribution of ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent protein degradation in destabilization of cocaine reward memory. First, we found that polyubiquitinated protein expression levels and polyubiquitinated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) markedly increased 15 min after retrieval while NSF protein levels decreased 1 h after retrieval in the synaptosomal membrane fraction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. We then found that infusion of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin into the NAc core prevented the impairment of memory reconsolidation induced by the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin and reversed the effects of anisomycin on NSF and glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) protein levels in the synaptosomal membrane fraction in the NAc core. We also found that lactacystin infusion into the NAc core but not into the shell immediately after extinction training sessions inhibited CPP extinction and reversed the extinction training-induced decrease in NSF and GluR2 in the synaptosomal membrane fraction in the NAc core. Finally, infusions of lactacystin by itself into the NAc core immediately after each training session or before the CPP retrieval test had no effect on the consolidation and retrieval of cocaine reward memory. These findings suggest that ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent protein degradation is critical for retrieval-induced memory destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Ren
- Pharmacy Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Xue Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Bo Ding
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Fen Xue
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Suo-Di Zhai
- Pharmacy Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China,National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xue Yuan Road, Beijing, 100191, China. Tel: +86 10 82802459, Fax: +86 10 62032624, E-mail:
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48
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Abstract
GluA1 subunits of AMPA glutamate receptors are implicated in the synaptic plasticity induced by drugs of abuse for behaviors of drug addiction, but GluA1 roles in emotional learning and memories of drug reward in the development of drug addiction remain unclear. In this study of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), which is critical in emotional learning of drug reward, we investigated how adaptive changes in the expression of GluA1 subunits affected the learning process of opioid-induced context-reward association (associative learning) for the acquisition of reward-related behavior. In CeA neurons, we found that CeA GluA1 expression was significantly increased 2 h after conditioning treatment with morphine, but not 24 h after the conditioning when the behavior of conditioned place reference (CPP) was fully established in rats. Adenoviral overexpression of GluA1 subunits in CeA accelerated associative learning, as shown by reduced minimum time of morphine conditioning required for CPP acquisition and by facilitated CPP extinction through extinction training with no morphine involved. Adenoviral shRNA-mediated downregulation of CeA GluA1 produced opposite effects, inhibiting the processes of both CPP acquisition and CPP extinction. Adenoviral knockdown of CeA GluA2 subunits facilitated CPP acquisition, but did not alter CPP extinction. Whole-cell recording revealed enhanced electrophysiological properties of postsynaptic GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors in adenoviral GluA1-infected CeA neurons. These results suggest that increased GluA1 expression of CeA AMPA receptors facilitates the associative learning of context-drug reward, an important process in both development and relapse of drug-seeking behaviors in drug addiction.
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Song MJ, Jang JK, Kim WY, Yoon HS, Kim JH. Inhibition of PKMζ in the nucleus accumbens core blocks the expression of locomotor sensitization induced by amphetamine. Behav Brain Res 2013; 241:139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Price TJ, Ghosh S. ZIPping to pain relief: the role (or not) of PKMζ in chronic pain. Mol Pain 2013; 9:6. [PMID: 23433248 PMCID: PMC3621284 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a significant clinical problem despite substantial advances in our understanding of how persistent nociceptor stimulation drives plasticity in the CNS. A major theme that has emerged in this area of work is the strong similarity between plasticity involved in learning and memory in CNS regions such as cortex and hippocampus with mechanisms underlying chronic pain development and maintenance in the spinal dorsal horn and other CNS areas such as anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We, and others have recently implicated an atypical PKC (aPKC), called PKMζ, in the maintenance of pain plasticity based on biochemical assays and the use of a peptide pseudosubstrate inhibitor called ZIP. These studies indicate remarkable parallels between the potential role of PKMζ as a key molecule for the maintenance of long-term memory and long-term potentiation (LTP) and the maintenance of a chronic pain state. On the other hand, very recent studies have disputed the specificity of ZIP and called into question the role of PKMζ as a memory maintenance molecule. Here we critically review the evidence that PKMζ might represent a new target for the reversal of certain chronic pain states. Furthermore, we consider whether ZIP might have other aPKC or even non-aPKC targets and the significance of such off-target effects for evaluating maintenance mechanisms of chronic pain. We conclude that, current controversies aside, utilization of ZIP as a tool to interrogate maintenance mechanisms of chronic pain and further investigations into the potential role of PKMζ, and other aPKCs, in pain plasticity are likely to lead to further insights with the potential to unravel the enigma that is the disease of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore J Price
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona School of Medicine, Arizona, USA.
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