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Porgalı Zayman E, Erbay MF. Neuroanatomical comparison of treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia patients using the cloud-based brain magnetic resonance image segmentation and parcellation system: An MRIcloud study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 339:111789. [PMID: 38354479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in neuroimaging have improved our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. However, neuroimaging findings in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore potential neuroanatomical regions that may be associated with treatment resistance in schizophrenia patients by comparing neuroanatomical regions of TRS and non-TRS patients using the MRICloud method. A total of 33 schizophrenia patients (meeting DSM 5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia) were included in the study. Patients were dichotomized into TRS (n = 18) and non-TRS (n = 15) groups, and all patients underwent MRI. Neuroanatomical regions of TRS and non-TRS patients were compared using the MRICloud method. Disease severity was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Interestingly, a statistically significant greater left Corpus Collosum (CC) thickness was found in TRS patients compared to non-TRS patients. It is clear that further studies comparing TRS patients with non-TRS patients are needed, and these studies should focus on the circuits in the corpus callosum that are thought to play a role in treatment resistance. Further longitudinal studies are also needed to complement the cross-sectional studies, using a multimodal imaging approach in the patients with clearly defined TRS criteria.
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Cui Z, Meng L, Zhang Q, Lou J, Lin Y, Sun Y. White and Gray Matter Abnormalities in Young Adult Females with Dependent Personality Disorder: A Diffusion-Tensor Imaging and Voxel-Based Morphometry Study. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:102-115. [PMID: 37831323 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
We applied diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) including measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), a parameter of neuronal fiber integrity, mean diffusivity (MD), a parameter of brain tissue integrity, as well as voxel-based morphometry (VBM), a measure of gray and white matter volume, to provide a basis to improve our understanding of the neurobiological basis of dependent personality disorder (DPD). DTI was performed on young girls with DPD (N = 17) and young female healthy controls (N = 17). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to examine microstructural characteristics. Gray matter volume differences between the two groups were investigated using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the relationship between distinct brain areas of white matter and gray matter and the Dy score on the MMPI. The DPD had significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values than the HC group in the right retrolenticular part of the internal capsule, right external capsule, the corpus callosum, right posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation), right cerebral peduncle (p < 0.05), which was strongly positively correlated with the Dy score of MMPI. The volume of gray matter in the right postcentral gyrus and left cuneus in DPD was significantly increased (p < 0.05), which was strongly positively correlated with the Dy score of MMPI (r1,2= 0.467,0.353; p1,2 = 0.005,0.04). Our results provide new insights into the changes in the brain structure in DPD, which suggests that alterations in the brain structure might implicate the pathophysiology of DPD. Possible visual and somatosensory association with motor nerve circuits in DPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Cui
- Weifang Mental Health Center, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Lou
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- First Clinical Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Langhein M, Lyall AE, Steinmann S, Seitz-Holland J, Nägele FL, Cetin-Karayumak S, Zhang F, Rauh J, Mußmann M, Billah T, Makris N, Pasternak O, O’Donnell LJ, Rathi Y, Leicht G, Kubicki M, Shenton ME, Mulert C. The decoupling of structural and functional connectivity of auditory networks in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:387-399. [PMID: 36083108 PMCID: PMC10399965 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disrupted auditory networks play an important role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, with abnormalities already observed in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). Here, we examine structural and functional connectivity of an auditory network in CHR utilising state-of-the-art electroencephalography and diffusion imaging techniques. METHODS Twenty-six CHR subjects and 13 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion MRI and electroencephalography while performing an auditory task. We investigated structural connectivity, measured as fractional anisotropy in the Arcuate Fasciculus (AF), Cingulum Bundle, and Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus-II. Gamma-band lagged-phase synchronisation, a functional connectivity measure, was calculated between cortical regions connected by these tracts. RESULTS CHR subjects showed significantly higher structural connectivity in the right AF than HC (p < .001). Although non-significant, functional connectivity between cortical areas connected by the AF was lower in CHR than HC (p = .078). Structural and functional connectivity were correlated in HC (p = .056) but not in CHR (p = .29). CONCLUSIONS We observe significant differences in structural connectivity of the AF, without a concomitant significant change in functional connectivity in CHR subjects. This may suggest that the CHR state is characterised by a decoupling of structural and functional connectivity, possibly due to abnormal white matter maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Langhein
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda E. Lyall
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saskia Steinmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johanna Seitz-Holland
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felix L. Nägele
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Rauh
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Mußmann
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tashrif Billah
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren J O’Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregor Leicht
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Mulert
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Adraoui FW, Douw L, Martens GJM, Maas DA. Connecting Neurobiological Features with Interregional Dysconnectivity in Social-Cognitive Impairments of Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097680. [PMID: 37175387 PMCID: PMC10177877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder affecting about 1% of the world's population. Social-cognitive impairments in SZ prevent positive social interactions and lead to progressive social withdrawal. The neurobiological underpinnings of social-cognitive symptoms remain poorly understood, which hinders the development of novel treatments. At the whole-brain level, an abnormal activation of social brain regions and interregional dysconnectivity within social-cognitive brain networks have been identified as major contributors to these symptoms. At the cellular and subcellular levels, an interplay between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction is thought to underly SZ pathology. However, it is not clear how these molecular processes are linked with interregional dysconnectivity in the genesis of social-cognitive symptoms. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between macroscale (connectivity analyses) and microscale (molecular and cellular mechanistic) knowledge by proposing impaired myelination and the disinhibition of local microcircuits as possible causative biological pathways leading to dysconnectivity and abnormal activity of the social brain. Furthermore, we recommend electroencephalography as a promising translational technique that can foster pre-clinical drug development and discuss attractive drug targets for the treatment of social-cognitive symptoms in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian W Adraoui
- Biotrial, Preclinical Pharmacology Department, 7-9 rue Jean-Louis Bertrand, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Linda Douw
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Donders Centre for Neuroscience (DCN), Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NeuroDrug Research Ltd., 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien A Maas
- Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Stansberry TE, Willliams AL, Ikuta T. The Interhemispheric Auditory White Matter Tract is Associated with Impulsivity. Behav Brain Res 2022; 429:113922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Matrone M, Kotzalidis GD, Romano A, Bozzao A, Cuomo I, Valente F, Gabaglio C, Lombardozzi G, Trovini G, Amici E, Perrini F, De Persis S, Iasevoli F, De Filippis S, de Bartolomeis A. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Addressing white matter integrity, intracortical glutamate levels, clinical and cognitive profiles between early- and adult-onset patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 114:110493. [PMID: 34883221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistance in schizophrenia is 30-40%. Its neurobiology remains unclear; to explore it, we conducted a combined spectrometry/tractography/cognitive battery and psychopathological rating study on patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), dividing the sample into early-onset (N = 21) and adult-onset TRS (N = 20). Previous studies did not differentiate between early- (onset 13-18 years) and adult-onset (>18 years at formal diagnosis of schizophrenia) TRS. METHODS We evaluated cross-sectionally 41 TRS patients (26 male and 15 female) and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs) with psychopathological and cognitive testing prior to participating in brain imaging scanning using magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging to determine the relationship between their symptoms and their glutamate levels and white matter integrity. RESULTS TRS patients scored lower than HCs on all cognitive domains; early-onset patients performed better than adult-onset patients only on the Symbol Coding domain. TRS correlated with symptom severity, especially negative symptoms. Glutamate levels and glutamate/creatine were increased in anterior cingulate cortex. Diffusion tensor imaging showed low fractional anisotropy in TRS patients in specific white matter tracts compared to HCs (bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, cortico-spinal tract, forceps minor, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and right uncinate fasciculus). CONCLUSIONS We identified specific magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging alterations in TRS patients. Adult-onset TRS differed little from early-onset TRS on most measures; this points to alterations being present since the outset of schizophrenia and may constitute a biological signature of treatment-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matrone
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Romano
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bozzao
- NESMOS (Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Cuomo
- UOC SM I Distretto ASL ROMA 1, C.C. Regina Cœli, Via della Lungara 29, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Valente
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy; Department of Human Neurosciences, Institute of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Gabaglio
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Ginevra Lombardozzi
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Giada Trovini
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuela Amici
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Filippo Perrini
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy; UOC SMREE Distretto ASL ROMA 6, TSMREE, Via S. Biagio, 12, 00049, Velletri, Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone De Persis
- UOSD Attività Terapeutiche Riabilitative per i Disturbi da uso di Sostanze e nuove Dipendenze, ASL Rieti, Via Salaria per Roma 36, 02100 Rieti, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sergio De Filippis
- Clinica Neuropsichiatrica Villa von Siebenthal, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Via della Madonnina 1, 00045 Genzano di Roma, RM, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Luttenbacher I, Phillips A, Kazemi R, Hadipour AL, Sanghvi I, Martinez J, Adamson MM. Transdiagnostic role of glutamate and white matter damage in neuropsychiatric disorders: A Systematic Review. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:324-348. [PMID: 35151030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) have been considered distinct categories of diseases despite their overlapping characteristics and symptomatology. We aimed to provide an in-depth review elucidating the role of glutamate/Glx and white matter (WM) abnormalities in these disorders from a transdiagnostic perspective. The PubMed online database was searched for studies published between 2010 and 2021. After careful screening, 401 studies were included. The findings point to decreased levels of glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in both SZ and BD, whereas Glx is elevated in the Hippocampus in SZ and MDD. With regard to WM abnormalities, the Corpus Callosum and superior Longitudinal Fascicle were the most consistently identified brain regions showing decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across all the reviewed disorders, except GAD. Additionally, the Uncinate Fasciculus displayed decreased FA in all disorders, except OCD. Decreased FA was also found in the inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus, inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus, Thalamic Radiation, and Corona Radiata in SZ, BD, and MDD. Decreased FA in the Fornix and Corticospinal Tract were found in BD and SZ patients. The Cingulum and Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule exhibited decreased FA in MDD and SZ patients. The results suggest a gradual increase in severity from GAD to SZ defined by the number of brain regions with WM abnormality which may be partially caused by abnormal glutamate levels. WM damage could thus be considered a potential marker of some of the main neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Luttenbacher
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Angela Phillips
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abed L Hadipour
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Isha Sanghvi
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian Martinez
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Rehabilitation Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Valdés-Tovar M, Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Rodríguez-Cárdenas L, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Camarena B, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Solís-Chagoyán H, Argueta J, López-Riquelme GO. Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:264-285. [PMID: 35317338 PMCID: PMC8900585 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are disabling psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%. Both disorders present chronic and deteriorating prognoses that impose a large burden, not only on patients but also on society and health systems. These mental illnesses share several clinical and neurobiological traits; of these traits, oligodendroglial dysfunction and alterations to white matter (WM) tracts could underlie the disconnection between brain regions related to their symptomatic domains. WM is mainly composed of heavily myelinated axons and glial cells. Myelin internodes are discrete axon-wrapping membrane sheaths formed by oligodendrocyte processes. Myelin ensheathment allows fast and efficient conduction of nerve impulses through the nodes of Ranvier, improving the overall function of neuronal circuits. Rapid and precisely synchronized nerve impulse conduction through fibers that connect distant brain structures is crucial for higher-level functions, such as cognition, memory, mood, and language. Several cellular and subcellular anomalies related to myelin and oligodendrocytes have been found in postmortem samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and neuroimaging techniques have revealed consistent alterations at the macroscale connectomic level in both disorders. In this work, evidence regarding these multilevel alterations in oligodendrocytes and myelinated tracts is discussed, and the involvement of proteins in key functions of the oligodendroglial lineage, such as oligodendrogenesis and myelination, is highlighted. The molecular components of the axo-myelin unit could be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Carlo E Sotelo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Germán Octavio López-Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Socioneurobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
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Kochunov P, Hong LE, Dennis EL, Morey RA, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Logue M, Kelly S, Donohoe G, Favre P, Houenou J, Ching CRK, Holleran L, Andreassen OA, van Velzen LS, Schmaal L, Villalón-Reina JE, Bearden CE, Piras F, Spalletta G, van den Heuvel OA, Veltman DJ, Stein DJ, Ryan MC, Tan Y, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Haddad L, Nir TM, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. ENIGMA-DTI: Translating reproducible white matter deficits into personalized vulnerability metrics in cross-diagnostic psychiatric research. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:194-206. [PMID: 32301246 PMCID: PMC8675425 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ENIGMA-DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) workgroup supports analyses that examine the effects of psychiatric, neurological, and developmental disorders on the white matter pathways of the human brain, as well as the effects of normal variation and its genetic associations. The seven ENIGMA disorder-oriented working groups used the ENIGMA-DTI workflow to derive patterns of deficits using coherent and coordinated analyses that model the disease effects across cohorts worldwide. This yielded the largest studies detailing patterns of white matter deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 22q11 deletion syndrome. These deficit patterns are informative of the underlying neurobiology and reproducible in independent cohorts. We reviewed these findings, demonstrated their reproducibility in independent cohorts, and compared the deficit patterns across illnesses. We discussed translating ENIGMA-defined deficit patterns on the level of individual subjects using a metric called the regional vulnerability index (RVI), a correlation of an individual's brain metrics with the expected pattern for a disorder. We discussed the similarity in white matter deficit patterns among SSD, BD, MDD, and OCD and provided a rationale for using this index in cross-diagnostic neuropsychiatric research. We also discussed the difference in deficit patterns between idiopathic schizophrenia and 22q11 deletion syndrome, which is used as a developmental and genetic model of schizophrenia. Together, these findings highlight the importance of collaborative large-scale research to provide robust and reproducible effects that offer insights into individual vulnerability and cross-diagnosis features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pauline Favre
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
- Psychiatry Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), CHU Mondor, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julio E Villalón-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liz Haddad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Talia M Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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Joo SW, Kim H, Jo YT, Ahn S, Choi YJ, Park S, Kang Y, Lee J. White matter impairments in patients with schizophrenia: A multisite diffusion MRI study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110381. [PMID: 34111494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of convincing and replicative findings regarding white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia. Several multisite diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies have been conducted to increase statistical power and reveal subtle white matter changes. Data pooling methods are crucial in joint analysis to compensate for the use of different scanners and image acquisition parameters. A harmonization method using raw dMRI data was developed to overcome the limited generalizability of previous data pooling methods. We obtained dMRI data of 242 healthy controls and 190 patients with schizophrenia from four different study sites. After applying the harmonization method to the raw dMRI data, a two-tensor whole-brain tractography was performed, and diffusion measures were compared between the two groups. The correlation of fractional anisotropy (FA) with the positive and negative symptoms was evaluated, and the interaction effect of diagnosis-by-age, age-squared, and sex was examined. The following white matter tracts showed significant group differences in the FA: the right superior longitudinal fascicle (SLF), the left-to-right lateral orbitofrontal commissural tract, pars orbitalis (pOr-pOr) commissural tract, and pars triangularis (pTr-pTr) commissural tract. The FA of the right SLF and pTr-pTr commissural tract were significantly associated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive and negative scores. No significant interaction effect was observed. These findings add to the evidence on structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia and can aid in obtaining a better understanding of the biological foundations of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Tak Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Ahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Foundation Yongin Mental Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Foundation Yongin Mental Hospital, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Is treatment-resistant schizophrenia associated with distinct neurobiological callosal connectivity abnormalities? CNS Spectr 2021; 26:545-549. [PMID: 32772934 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to antipsychotic treatment affects up to 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Although the time course of development of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) varies from patient to patient, the reasons for these variations remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests brain dysconnectivity as a significant feature of schizophrenia. In this study, we compared fractional anisotropy (FA) of brain white matter between TRS and non-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (non-TRS) patients. Our central hypothesis was that TRS is associated with reduced FA values. METHODS TRS was defined as the persistence of moderate to severe symptoms after adequate treatment with at least two antipsychotics from different classes. Diffusion-tensor brain MRI obtained images from 34 TRS participants and 51 non-TRS. Whole-brain analysis of FA and axial, radial, and mean diffusivity were performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) and FMRIB's Software Library (FSL), yielding a contrast between TRS and non-TRS patients, corrected for multiple comparisons using family-wise error (FWE) < 0.05. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in FA in the splenium of corpus callosum (CC) in TRS when compared to non-TRS. The antipsychotic dose did not relate to the splenium CC. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the focal abnormality of CC may be a potential biomarker of TRS.
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12
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Murray AJ, Rogers JC, Katshu MZUH, Liddle PF, Upthegrove R. Oxidative Stress and the Pathophysiology and Symptom Profile of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:703452. [PMID: 34366935 PMCID: PMC8339376 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with increased levels of oxidative stress, as reflected by an increase in the concentrations of damaging reactive species and a reduction in anti-oxidant defences to combat them. Evidence has suggested that whilst not the likely primary cause of schizophrenia, increased oxidative stress may contribute to declining course and poor outcomes associated with schizophrenia. Here we discuss how oxidative stress may be implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia and examine how current understanding relates associations with symptoms, potentially via lipid peroxidation induced neuronal damage. We argue that oxidative stress may be a good target for future pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia and suggest a multi-step model of illness progression with oxidative stress involved at each stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. Murray
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C. Rogers
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F. Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Mental Health and Neurosciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust, Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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13
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Miyaoka T, Wake R, Araki T, Inoue K, Horiguchi J. Efficacy and safety of Ninjin'yoeito (NYT) in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: Open-Label Study. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 60:102662. [PMID: 33962269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Miyaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan; Matsue Aoba Hospital, Matsue-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Rei Wake
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan; Department of Human Science, Shimane University, Matsue-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Tomoko Araki
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Research and Education Faculty, Medical Sciences Cluster, Health Service Center, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo-shi, Shimane, Japan
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14
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Tronchin G, McPhilemy G, Ahmed M, Kilmartin L, Costello L, Forde NJ, Nabulsi L, Akudjedu TN, Holleran L, Hallahan B, Cannon DM, McDonald C. White matter microstructure and structural networks in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients after commencing clozapine treatment: A longitudinal diffusion imaging study. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113772. [PMID: 33556689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates changes on white matter microstructure and neural networks after 6 months of switching to clozapine in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, and whether any changes are related to clinical variables. T1 and diffusion-weighted MRI images were acquired at baseline before commencing clozapine and after 6 months of treatment for 22 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and 23 controls. The Tract-based spatial statistics approach was used to compare changes over time between groups in fractional anisotropy (FA). Changes in structural network organisation weighted by FA and number of streamlines were assessed using graph theory. Patients displayed a significant reduction of FA over time (p<0.05) compared to controls in the genu and body of the corpus callosum and bilaterally in the anterior and superior corona radiata. There was no correlation between FA change in patients and changes in clinical variables or serum level of clozapine. There was no changes in structural network organisation between groups (F(7,280)=2.80;p = 0.187). This longitudinal study demonstrated progressive focal FA abnormalities in key anterior tracts, but preserved brain structural network organisation in patients. The FA reduction was independent of any clinical measures and may reflect progression of the underlying pathophysiology of this malignant form of schizophrenia illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tronchin
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Liam Kilmartin
- College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura Costello
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Theophilus N Akudjedu
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland; Institute of Medical Imaging & Visualisation, Faculty of Health & Social Science, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
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Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in psychiatry: a narrative review of its potential role in diagnosis. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:43-56. [PMID: 33125677 PMCID: PMC7862529 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an imaging technique that uses magnetic resonance. It measures the diffusion of water molecules in tissues, which can occur either without restriction (i.e., in an isotropic manner) or limited by some obstacles, such as cell membranes (i.e., in an anisotropic manner). Diffusion is most often measured in terms of, inter alia, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). DTI allows us to reconstruct, visualize, and evaluate certain qualities of white matter. To date, many studies have sought to associate various changes in the distribution of diffusion within the brain with mental diseases and disorders. A better understanding of white matter integrity disorders can help us recognize the causes of diseases, as well as help create objective methods of psychiatric diagnosis, identify biomarkers of mental illness, and improve pharmacotherapy. The aim of this work is to present the characteristics of DTI as well as current research on its use in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and other mental disorders.
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16
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Gesture deficits and apraxia in schizophrenia. Cortex 2020; 133:65-75. [PMID: 33099076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant performance of skilled action has long been noted in schizophrenia and relatedly, recent reports have demonstrated impaired use, performance, and perception of hand gestures in this group. Still, this deficit is not acknowledged as apraxia, which to the broader medical field, characterizes impairments in skilled actions. Understanding the relationship between apraxia and schizophrenia may shed an invaluable new perspective on disease mechanism, and highlight novel treatment opportunities as well. To examine this potential link, we reviewed the evidence for the types of praxis errors, associated psychopathology, and cerebral correlates of the praxis deficit in schizophrenia. Notably, the review indicated that gesture deficits are severe enough to be considered genuine apraxia in a substantial proportion of patients (about 25%). Further, other potential contributors (e.g., hypokinetic motor abnormalities, cognitive impairment) are indeed associated with gesture deficits in schizophrenia, but do not sufficiently explain the abnormality. Finally, patients with praxis deficits have altered brain structure and function including the left parieto-premotor praxis network and these neural correlates are specific to the praxis deficit. Therefore, we argue that the gestural disorder frequently observed in schizophrenia shares both the clinical and neurophysiological features of true apraxia, as in other neuropsychiatric disorders with impaired higher order motor control, such as Parkinson's disease.
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Interactions between knockout of schizophrenia risk factor Dysbindin-1 and copper metabolism in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:339-349. [PMID: 32795490 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DTNBP1 gene variation and lower dysbindin-1 protein are associated with schizophrenia. Previous evidence suggests that downregulated dysbindin-1 expression results in lower expression of copper transporters ATP7A (intracellular copper transporter) and SLC31A1 (CTR1; extracellular copper transporter), which are required for copper transport across the blood brain barrier. However, whether antipsychotic medications used for schizophrenia treatment may modulate these systems is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The current study measured behavioral indices of neurological function in dysbindin-1 functional knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates with or without quetiapine treatment. We assessed serum and brain copper levels, ATP7A and CTR1 mRNA, and copper transporter-expressing cellular population transcripts: TTR (transthyretin; choroid plexus epithelial cells), MBP (myelin basic protein; oligodendrocytes), and GJA1 (gap-junction protein alpha-1; astrocytes) in cortex and hippocampus. KEY RESULTS Regardless of genotype, quetiapine significantly reduced TTR, MBP, CTR1 mRNA, and serum copper levels. Neurological function of untreated KO mice was abnormal, and ledge instability was rescued with quetiapine. KO mice were hyperactive after 10 min in the open-field assay, which was not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Dysbindin-1 KO results in hyperactivity, altered serum copper, and neurological impairment, the last of which is selectively rescued with quetiapine. Antipsychotic treatment modulates specific cellular populations, affecting myelin, the choroid plexus, and copper transport across the blood brain barrier. Together these results indicate the widespread impact of antipsychotic treatment, and that alteration of dysbindin-1 may be sufficient, but not necessary, for specific schizophrenia pathology.
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18
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Ochi R, Noda Y, Tsuchimoto S, Tarumi R, Honda S, Matsushita K, Tsugawa S, Plitman E, Masuda F, Ogyu K, Wada M, Miyazaki T, Fujii S, Chakravarty MM, Graff-Guerrero A, Uchida H, Mimura M, Nakajima S. White matter microstructural organizations in patients with severe treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109871. [PMID: 31962187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported white matter alterations in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, one third of this population does not respond to first-line antipsychotics and is thus referred to as treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Despite potentially distinct neural bases between TRS and non-TRS, few studies have compared white matter integrity between these groups. In order to reflect clinical picture of TRS, we enrolled TRS patients who had severe symptoms. According to the consensus criteria for TRS. TRS was defined by severe positive symptomatology despite optimal antipsychotic treatment. Fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter integrity, was examined by DTI and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics in 24 TRS patients (mean PANSS = 108.9), 28 non-TRS patients (mean PANSS = 50.0), and 27 healthy controls (HCs) for group comparison. Additionally, correlation analyses were conducted between FA values and symptomatology. The TRS group had lower FA values in multiple tracts (cerebral peduncle, corona radiata, corpus callosum, external and internal capsules, posterior thalamic radiation, sagittal stratum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, tapetum, and uncinate fasciculus) compared to the HC group as well as the non-TRS group (p < .05; family-wise error-corrected), while no differences were found between the non-TRS and HC groups. In the TRS group, FA values in most of the tracts (other than the left anterior limb of internal capsule, left cerebral peduncle, and right uncinate fasciculus) were negatively correlated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores, and negative and general symptom scores. No such relationships were found in the non-TRS group. The identified white matter integrity deficits may reflect the pathophysiology of TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ochi
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tsuchimoto
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tarumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Komagino Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiori Honda
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Karin Matsushita
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Sakiko Tsugawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eric Plitman
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fumi Masuda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kamiyu Ogyu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Wada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujii
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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19
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Yang C, Zhang W, Yao L, Liu N, Shah C, Zeng J, Yang Z, Gong Q, Lui S. Functional Alterations of White Matter in Chronic Never-Treated and Treated Schizophrenia Patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 52:752-763. [PMID: 31859423 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and dysfunction of gray matter (GM) has been usually investigated by resting-state functional (f)MRI. However, functional organization of white matter (WM) in chronic schizophrenia remains unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the WM functional alterations in chronic never-treated schizophrenia and the effects of long-term antipsychotic treatment. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-five never-treated, 41 matched antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia, and 25 healthy comparison subjects. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Resting state (rs)-fMRI, T1 -weighted images (T1 WI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) covering the whole brain were acquired with a 3.0T scanner. ASSESSMENT Amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in WM and the correlation coefficients between WM and GM were examined and compared among the three participant groups by two reviewers independently. Independent component analysis (ICA) was added to evaluate WM-fMRI signals. Statistical Tests: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Never-treated patients demonstrated lower ALFF in splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) relative to treated patients and controls (P < 0.001, false discovery rate [FDR]-corrected). While the extracted independent component also located in SCC and showed significantly decreased connectivity in never-treated patients when compared to controls (P < 0.05, FDR-corrected). The correlation coefficients of WM-GM displayed greater reductions in the genu of corpus callosum (GCC), pontine crossing tract (PC), bilateral cingulum (hippocampus) (CGH), and bilateral corticospinal tract (CST) in treated patients relative to controls (P < 0.05, FDR-corrected). DATA CONCLUSION These findings provide new insight into WM functional alterations over the long-term course of schizophrenia with and without the potential effects of antipsychotic medication. Functional change and abnormal connectivity in SCC were both found greater in untreated patients than treated patients relative to healthy controls, suggesting that long-term antipsychotic treatment may show some protective effects on WM functional organization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:752-763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chandan Shah
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- College of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and molecular imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterised by impaired social communication and restricted repetitive behaviours. Researchers posit that these core features may be underpinned by disrupted structural connectivity. A tract based spatial statistical analysis of diffusion MRI data was performed to investigate white matter organisation (an indication of structural connectivity) in a well-defined cohort of 45 ASD and 45 age and IQ matched control participants. Aberrant structural connectivity characterised by reduced fractional anisotropy was observed in several fiber pathways in ASD relative to controls. Disrupted white matter organisation was associated with social deficits and restricted repetitive behaviours in ASD. Abnormal structural connectivity is apparent in ASD and may be linked to the core behavioural features of the disorder.
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21
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Kochunov P, Huang J, Chen S, Li Y, Tan S, Fan F, Feng W, Wang Y, Rowland LM, Savransky A, Du X, Chiappelli J, Chen S, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Ryan MC, Adhikari B, Sampath H, Cui Y, Wang Z, Yang F, Tan Y, Hong LE. White Matter in Schizophrenia Treatment Resistance. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:829-838. [PMID: 31352812 PMCID: PMC6773514 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Failure of antipsychotic medications to resolve symptoms in patients with schizophrenia creates a clinical challenge that is known as treatment resistance. The causes of treatment resistance are unknown, but it is associated with earlier age at onset and more severe cognitive deficits. The authors tested the hypothesis that white matter deficits that are involved in both neurodevelopment and severity of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are associated with a higher risk of treatment resistance. METHODS The study sample (N=122; mean age, 38.2 years) included schizophrenia patients at treatment initiation (N=45), patients whose symptoms were treatment responsive (N=40), and patients whose symptoms were treatment resistant (N=37), as well as healthy control subjects (N=78; mean age, 39.2 years). White matter regional vulnerability index (RVI) was tested as a predictor of treatment resistance and cognitive deficits. Higher RVI is indicative of better agreement between diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy across the brain in an individual and the pattern identified by the largest-to-date meta-analysis of white matter deficits in schizophrenia. RESULTS Patients with treatment-resistant symptoms showed the highest white matter RVI (mean=0.38 [SD=0.2]), which was significantly higher than the RVI among patients with treatment-responsive symptoms (mean=0.30 [SD=0.02]). At the onset of treatment, schizophrenia patients showed significantly higher RVI than healthy control subjects (mean=0.18 [SD=0.03] and mean=0.13 [SD=0.02], respectively). RVIs were significantly correlated with performance on processing speed and negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Schizophrenia affects white matter microstructure in specific regional patterns. Susceptibility to white matter regional deficits is associated with an increased likelihood of treatment resistance. Developments to overcome schizophrenia treatment resistance should consider white matter as an important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding Authors: Dr. Kochunov (), Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Phone: (410) 402-6110, Fax: (410) 402-6778; Dr. Tan (), Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China, Phone: (800) 010-83024532, Fax: (800) 010-83020156
| | - Junchao Huang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anya Savransky
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Meghann C. Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bhim Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sampath
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China,Corresponding Authors: Dr. Kochunov (), Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Phone: (410) 402-6110, Fax: (410) 402-6778; Dr. Tan (), Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China, Phone: (800) 010-83024532, Fax: (800) 010-83020156
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vita A, Minelli A, Barlati S, Deste G, Giacopuzzi E, Valsecchi P, Turrina C, Gennarelli M. Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Genetic and Neuroimaging Correlates. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:402. [PMID: 31040787 PMCID: PMC6476957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 0.5–1% of the population. Response to antipsychotic therapy is highly variable, and it is not currently possible to predict those patients who will or will not respond to antipsychotic medication. Furthermore, a high percentage of patients, approximately 30%, are classified as treatment-resistant (treatment-resistant schizophrenia; TRS). TRS is defined as a non-response to at least two trials of antipsychotic medication of adequate dose and duration. These patients are usually treated with clozapine, the only evidence-based pharmacotherapy for TRS. However, clozapine is associated with severe adverse events. For these reasons, there is an increasing interest to identify better targets for drug development of new compounds and to establish better biomarkers for existing medications. The ability of antipsychotics to improve psychotic symptoms is dependent on their antagonist and reverse agonist activities at different neuroreceptors, and some genetic association studies of TRS have focused on different pharmacodynamic factors. Some genetic studies have shown an association between antipsychotic response or TRS and neurodevelopment candidate genes, antipsychotic mechanisms of action (such as dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic) or pharmacokinetic factors (i.e., differences in the cytochrome families). Moreover, there is a growing body of literature on the structural and functional neuroimaging research into TRS. Neuroimaging studies can help to uncover the underlying neurobiological reasons for such resistance and identify resistant patients earlier. Studies examining the neuropharmacological mechanisms of antipsychotics, including clozapine, can help to improve our knowledge of their action on the central nervous system, with further implications for the discovery of biomarkers and the development of new treatments. The identification of the underlying mechanisms of TRS is a major challenge for developing personalized medicine in the psychiatric field for schizophrenia treatment. The main goal of precision medicine is to use genetic and brain-imaging information to improve the safety, effectiveness, and health outcomes of patients via more efficiently targeted risk stratification, prevention, and tailored medication and treatment management approaches. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of art of pharmacogenetic, pharmacogenomic and neuroimaging studies in TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vita
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Valsecchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Turrina
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Genetic Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Jiang Y, Luo C, Li X, Li Y, Yang H, Li J, Chang X, Li H, Yang H, Wang J, Duan M, Yao D. White-matter functional networks changes in patients with schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2019; 190:172-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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24
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Gómez-Gastiasoro A, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Peña J, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Rilo O, Schretlen DJ, Ojeda N. Altered frontal white matter asymmetry and its implications for cognition in schizophrenia: A tractography study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101781. [PMID: 30991613 PMCID: PMC6449782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background White matter (WM) alterations are well documented in schizophrenia. Abnormalities in interhemispheric fibers appear to account for altered WM asymmetry in the illness. However, the regional specificity (e.g., frontal versus occipital) of these alterations and their potential contribution to cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia remain unknown. Methods Forty one patients with schizophrenia and 21 healthy controls (HC) underwent diffusion-weighted imaging on a 3 Tesla MRI machine. Tract-based spatial statistic (FSL) was used to assess whole brain differences in WM. Probabilistic tractography was performed in order to separately measure frontal and occipital WM tracts. Participants also completed tests of verbal memory and processing speed. Repeated measures analyses of covariance and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Results A significant group x cerebral hemisphere interaction was found for fractional anisotropy (FA) (F(1,17) = 7.03; p = .017; ηp2 = 0.29) and radial diffusivity (RD) (F(1,17) = 4.84; p = .042; ηp2 = 0.22) in the frontal tract of patients versus HC. Healthy controls showed higher mean FA and lower mean RD in the left frontal tract compared to patients, who showed the opposite pattern. In patients with schizophrenia, mean FA and RD in the right frontal tract correlated with verbal memory (r = −0.68, p = .046; r = 0.77, p = .015). Conclusions Asymmetric WM alterations were found in a frontal tract of patients with schizophrenia. Higher mean FA in the right frontal tract correlated with worse verbal memory performance, suggesting a possible contribution these brain changes to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Asymmetric white matter alterations were found in a frontal tract of patients with schizophrenia. Higher mean fractional anisotropy in the right frontal tract correlated with worse verbal memory performance in patients. Aberrant white matter asymmetry might contribute to a central form of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Gómez-Gastiasoro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - Oiane Rilo
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
| | - David J Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 218, Baltimore, MD 21287-7218. United States
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007 Bilbao, Biscay, Spain
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25
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Chen X, Duan H, Xiao L, Gan J. Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Underlie Oligodendroglia Susceptibility and White Matter Etiology in Psychiatric Disorders. Front Genet 2018; 9:565. [PMID: 30524471 PMCID: PMC6262033 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic risk loci are found to associate with major neuropsychiatric disorders represented by schizophrenia. The pathogenic roles of genetic risk loci in psychiatric diseases are further complicated by the association with cell lineage- and/or developmental stage-specific epigenetic alterations. Besides aberrant assembly and malfunction of neuronal circuitry, an increasing volume of discoveries clearly demonstrate impairment of oligodendroglia and disruption of white matter integrity in psychiatric diseases. Nonetheless, whether and how genetic risk factors and epigenetic dysregulations for neuronal susceptibility may affect oligodendroglia is largely unknown. In this mini-review, we will discuss emerging evidence regarding the functional interplay between genetic risk loci and epigenetic factors, which may underlie compromised oligodendroglia and myelin development in neuropsychiatric disorders. Transcriptional and epigenetic factors are the major aspects affected in oligodendroglia. Moreover, multiple disease susceptibility genes are connected by epigenetically modulated transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Oligodendroglia specific complex molecular orchestra may explain how distinct risk factors lead to the common clinical expression of white matter pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Huifeng Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingli Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, China
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26
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Crocker CE, Tibbo PG. Confused Connections? Targeting White Matter to Address Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1172. [PMID: 30405407 PMCID: PMC6201564 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite development of comprehensive approaches to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and improve outcomes, there remains a proportion (approximately one-third) of patients who are treatment resistant and will not have remission of psychotic symptoms despite adequate trials of pharmacotherapy. This level of treatment response is stable across all stages of the spectrum of psychotic disorders, including early phase psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. Our current pharmacotherapies are beneficial in decreasing positive symptomology in most cases, however, with little to no impact on negative or cognitive symptoms. Not all individuals with treatment resistant psychosis unfortunately, even benefit from the potential pharmacological reductions in positive symptoms. The existing pharmacotherapy for psychosis is targeted at neurotransmitter receptors. The current first and second generation antipsychotic medications all act on dopamine type 2 receptors with the second generation drugs also interacting significantly with serotonin type 1 and 2 receptors, and with varying pharmacodynamic profiles overall. This focus on developing dopaminergic/serotonergic antipsychotics, while beneficial, has not reduced the proportion of patients experiencing treatment resistance to date. Another pharmacological approach is imperative to address treatment resistance both for response overall and for negative symptoms in particular. There is research suggesting that changes in white matter integrity occur in schizophrenia and these may be more associated with cognition and even negative symptomology. Here we review the evidence that white matter abnormalities in the brain may be contributing to the symptomology of psychotic disorders. Additionally, we propose that white matter may be a viable pharmacological target for pharmacoresistant schizophrenia and discuss current treatments in development for schizophrenia that target white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice E Crocker
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Philip G Tibbo
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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de Almeida V, Martins-de-Souza D. Cannabinoids and glial cells: possible mechanism to understand schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:727-737. [PMID: 29392440 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and neurobiological findings have reported the involvement of endocannabinoid signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This system modulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission that is associated with positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite neurotransmitter impairments, increasing evidence points to a role of glial cells in schizophrenia pathobiology. Glial cells encompass three main groups: oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes. These cells promote several neurobiological functions, such as myelination of axons, metabolic and structural support, and immune response in the central nervous system. Impairments in glial cells lead to disruptions in communication and in the homeostasis of neurons that play role in pathobiology of disorders such as schizophrenia. Therefore, data suggest that glial cells may be a potential pharmacological tool to treat schizophrenia and other brain disorders. In this regard, glial cells express cannabinoid receptors and synthesize endocannabinoids, and cannabinoid drugs affect some functions of these cells that can be implicated in schizophrenia pathobiology. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide data about the glial changes observed in schizophrenia, and how cannabinoids could modulate these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria de Almeida
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Powell F, LoCastro E, Acosta D, Ahmed M, O'Donoghue S, Forde N, Cannon D, Scanlon C, Rao T, McDonald C, Raj A. Age-Related Changes in Topological Degradation of White Matter Networks and Gene Expression in Chronic Schizophrenia. Brain Connect 2018; 7:574-589. [PMID: 28946750 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2017.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses stipulate core symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ) result from the brain's incapacity to integrate neural processes. Converging diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory studies provide evidence of macrostructural alterations in SZ. However, age-related topological changes within and between white matter (WM) networks and its relationship to gene expression with disease progression remain incompletely understood. This cross-sectional study uses network modeling to investigate changes in WM network organization with disease progression in chronic SZ as well its relationship with gene expression in healthy brains. First, we replicate prior findings demonstrating altered global WM network topology in SZ. Novel results show significantly altered age-related network degradation patterns in patients compared with controls. Specifically, controls show stereotyped, linear global network decline with age. In contrast, patients show nonlinear network decline with age. Further analysis reveals lack of significant topological decline in younger adult patients, which is subsequently followed by stereotyped linear decline in older adult patients. Node-specific analyses show significant topological differences in frontal and limbic regions of younger adult patients compared with age-matched controls, which become less pronounced with age in older adult patients compared with age-matched controls. Lastly, we show several gene expression profiles, including DISC1, are associated with age-related changes in WM disconnectivity. Together, these findings provide novel WM topological and genetic evidence supporting neurodevelopmental models of SZ, suggesting that network remodeling continues throughout the third decade of life before stabilizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fon Powell
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Eve LoCastro
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Diana Acosta
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Stefani O'Donoghue
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Natalie Forde
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara Cannon
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathy Scanlon
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Tushar Rao
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
| | - Colm McDonald
- 2 Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Center, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Ashish Raj
- 1 Imaging Data Evaluation and Analytics Laboratory (IDEAL), Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York
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Prendergast DM, Karlsgodt KH, Fales CL, Ardekani BA, Szeszko PR. Corpus callosum shape and morphology in youth across the psychosis Spectrum. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:266-273. [PMID: 29656909 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter tract in the human brain connecting and coordinating homologous regions of the right and left hemispheres and has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of psychosis. We investigated corpus callosum morphology in a large community cohort of 917 individuals (aged 8-21), including 267 endorsing subsyndromal or threshold psychotic symptoms (207 on the psychosis spectrum and 60 with limited psychosis based on previously published criteria) and 650 non-psychotic volunteers. We used a highly reliable and previously published algorithm to automatically identify the midsagittal plane and to align the corpus callosum along the anterior and posterior commissures for segmentation, thereby eliminating these sources of error variance in dependent measures, which included perimeter, length, mean thickness and shape (circularity). The parcellation scheme divided the corpus callosum into 7 subregions that consisted of the rostrum, genu, rostral body, anterior midbody, posterior midbody, isthmus, and splenium. Both individuals endorsing psychotic symptoms and those with limited psychosis had significantly (p<.05) smaller area and lower thickness measures compared to healthy volunteers, but did not differ significantly from each other. Findings were relatively widespread indicating a relatively global effect not circumscribed to any particular corpus callosum subregion. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that corpus callosum abnormalities may be evident early in the course of illness and predate the onset of frank psychosis. Given that these measures can be easily obtained and are highly reliable they may assist in the identification of individuals at future risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K H Karlsgodt
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C L Fales
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - B A Ardekani
- Center for Brain Imaging and Neuromodulation, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - P R Szeszko
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Mental Health Patient Care Center and Mental Illness Research Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), Bronx, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
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The neuropathological study of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in the temporal lobe of schizophrenia patients. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2018; 30:232-240. [PMID: 29564992 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2018.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies based on the neuroimaging analysis, genomic analysis and transcriptome analysis of the postmortem brain suggest that the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is related to myelin-oligodendrocyte abnormalities. However, no serious neuropathological investigation of this protein in the schizophrenic brain has yet been performed. In this study, to confirm the change in neuropathological findings due to the pathogenesis of this disease, we observed the expression of myelin-oligodendrocyte directly in the brain tissue of schizophrenia patients. METHODS Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was evaluated in the cortex of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the hippocampus in 10 schizophrenic and nine age- and sex-matched normal control postmortem brains. RESULTS The expression of MOG was significantly lower in the middle layer of the neocortex of the STG and stratum lucidum of CA3 in the hippocampus in the long-term schizophrenic brains (patients with ≥30 years of illness duration) than in the age-matched controls. Furthermore, the thickness of MOG-positive fibre-like structures was significantly lower in both regions of the long-term schizophrenic brains than in the age-matched controls. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a long duration of illness has a marked effect on the expression of MOG in these regions, and that myelin-oligodendrocyte abnormalities in these regions may be related to the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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White matter changes in treatment refractory schizophrenia: Does cognitive control and myelination matter? NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:186-191. [PMID: 29387534 PMCID: PMC5789151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Widespread white matter abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia, a disorder frequently characterised as a dysconnection syndrome. White matter connectivity in schizophrenia has been predominantly investigated using diffusion weighted imaging, with reductions in fractional anisotropy throughout the brain often interpreted as an indicator of abnormal myelination. However, diffusion weighted imaging lacks specificity and as such a number of microstructural factors besides myelin may be contributing to these results. We utilised multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia, stratified by treatment response status, and healthy controls, in order to assess myelin water fraction (MWF) in these groups. In addition, we assessed cognitive control using the Stroop task to investigate how response inhibition relates to myelination in patients and controls. Both treatment resistant (n = 22) and treatment responsive (n = 21) patients showed reduced MWF compared to healthy controls (n = 24) in bilateral fronto-occipital fasciculi, particularly evident in the vicinity of the striatum und extending to the cerebellum, with no difference between patient groups. Patients showed greater reaction time interference on the Stroop task compared to healthy controls, with no difference between patient groups. Stroop interference was significantly negatively correlated with MWF in the corpus callosum across groups, and MWF differences in this region mediated the behavioural group effects on the Stroop task. These findings support the suitability of mcDESPOT as a myelin-specific measure of abnormal connectivity in schizophrenia, and suggest that treatment resistant schizophrenia is not characterised by more severe abnormalities in myelination or cognitive control compared to treatment responsive schizophrenia. Treatment resistant and responsive schizophrenia patients show reduced myelin water fraction compared to healthy controls Myelin water fraction in the corpus callosum is related to performance on a cognitive control task Myelin water fraction in the corpus callosum mediates differences in a cognitive control task between patients and controls
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MacKay MAB, Paylor JW, Wong JTF, Winship IR, Baker GB, Dursun SM. Multidimensional Connectomics and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Linking Phenotypic Circuits to Targeted Therapeutics. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 30425662 PMCID: PMC6218602 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a very complex syndrome that involves widespread brain multi-dysconnectivity. Neural circuits within specific brain regions and their links to corresponding regions are abnormal in the illness. Theoretical models of dysconnectivity and the investigation of connectomics and brain network organization have been examined in schizophrenia since the early nineteenth century. In more recent years, advancements have been achieved with the development of neuroimaging tools that have provided further clues to the structural and functional organization of the brain and global neural networks in the illness. Neural circuitry that extends across prefrontal, temporal and parietal areas of the cortex as well as limbic and other subcortical brain regions is disrupted in schizophrenia. As a result, many patients have a poor response to antipsychotic treatment and treatment failure is common. Treatment resistance that is specific to positive, negative, and cognitive domains of the illness may be related to distinct circuit phenotypes unique to treatment-refractory disease. Currently, there are no customized neural circuit-specific and targeted therapies that address this neural dysconnectivity. Investigation of targeted therapeutics that addresses particular areas of substantial regional dysconnectivity is an intriguing approach to precision medicine in schizophrenia. This review examines current findings of system and circuit-level brain dysconnectivity in treatment-resistant schizophrenia based on neuroimaging studies. Within a connectome context, on-off circuit connectivity synonymous with excitatory and inhibitory neuronal pathways is discussed. Mechanistic cellular, neurochemical and molecular studies are included with specific emphasis given to cell pathology and synaptic communication in glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. In this review we attempt to deconstruct how augmenting treatments may be applied within a circuit context to improve circuit integration and treatment response. Clinical studies that have used a variety of glutamate receptor and GABA interneuron modulators, nitric oxide-based therapies and a variety of other strategies as augmenting treatments with antipsychotic drugs are included. This review supports the idea that the methodical mapping of system-level networks to both on (excitatory) and off (inhibitory) cellular circuits specific to treatment-resistant disease may be a logical and productive approach in directing future research toward the advancement of targeted pharmacotherapeutics in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Anne B MacKay
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John W Paylor
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James T F Wong
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ian R Winship
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Glen B Baker
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Neurochemical Research Unit and Bebensee Schizophrenia Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Di Biase MA, Cropley VL, Baune BT, Olver J, Amminger GP, Phassouliotis C, Bousman C, McGorry PD, Everall I, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. White matter connectivity disruptions in early and chronic schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2017; 47:2797-2810. [PMID: 28528586 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter disruptions in schizophrenia have been widely reported, but it remains unclear whether these abnormalities differ between illness stages. We mapped the connectome in patients with recently diagnosed and chronic schizophrenia and investigated the extent and overlap of white matter connectivity disruptions between these illness stages. METHODS Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired in recent-onset (n = 19) and chronic patients (n = 45) with schizophrenia, as well as age-matched controls (n = 87). Whole-brain fiber tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Connections were tested for significant streamline count reductions in recent-onset and chronic groups, relative to separate age-matched controls. Permutation tests were used to assess whether disrupted connections significantly overlapped between chronic and recent-onset patients. Linear regression was performed to test whether connectivity was strongest in controls, weakest in chronic patients, and midway between these extremities in recent-onset patients (controls > recent-onset > chronic). RESULTS Compared with controls, chronic patients displayed a widespread network of connectivity disruptions (p < 0.01). In contrast, connectivity reductions were circumscribed to the anterior fibers of the corpus callosum in recent-onset patients (p < 0.01). A significant proportion of disrupted connections in recent-onset patients (86%) coincided with disrupted connections in chronic patients (p < 0.01). Linear regression revealed that chronic patients displayed reduced connectivity relative to controls, while recent-onset patients showed an intermediate reduction compared with chronic patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Connectome pathology in recent-onset patients with schizophrenia is confined to select tracts within a more extensive network of white matter connectivity disruptions found in chronic illness. These findings may suggest a trajectory of progressive deterioration of connectivity in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Di Biase
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - V L Cropley
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - B T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry,The University of Adelaide,SA,Australia
| | - J Olver
- Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - G P Amminger
- Orygen,The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,VIC,Australia
| | - C Phassouliotis
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - C Bousman
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - P D McGorry
- North Western Mental Health,Melbourne Health,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - I Everall
- Department of Psychiatry,The University of Melbourne,Parkville, VIC,Australia
| | - C Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
| | - A Zalesky
- Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre,The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Carlton South, VIC,Australia
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Leroux E, Delcroix N, Dollfus S. Abnormalities of language pathways in schizophrenia patients with and without a lifetime history of auditory verbal hallucinations: A DTI-based tractography study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:528-538. [PMID: 28010158 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1274053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and could be the result of white matter (WM) fibre abnormalities involved in speech production/comprehension and perception. We evaluated WM integrity changes in SZ with (SZ+) and without (SZ-) lifetime AVHs compared to healthy controls (HCs), using diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, with a novel focus on the structural connectivity within both intra- and interhemispheric fasciculi. METHODS The study included 27 SZ+, 12 SZ- and 34 HCs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean and radial diffusivities (MD and RD) were extracted in each participant in two left interhemispheric fasciculi and in the interhemispheric auditory pathway (IAP) to test integrity differences among groups. RESULTS SZ- and SZ + compared to HCs presented increased diffusivities and/or decreased FA in the interhemispheric fasciculi. Decreased FA was significant only between SZ + and HCs for the IAP. CONCLUSIONS In this first comparison of integrity changes within both intra- and interhemispheric fasciculi, abnormalities in the intrahemispheric fasciculi were observed in both SZ- and SZ+, but an alteration in the IAP was seen only in SZ+. These results suggest that the IAP may be more involved in patients with AVHs-proneness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- a UNICAEN, ISTS , Normandie Univ , Caen , France
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- b UNICAEN, CNRS, UMS GIP CYCERON , Normandie Univ , Caen , France
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- c Service de Psychiatrie , CHU de Caen , Caen , France.,d UNICAEN, UFR de médecine (Medical School) , Normandie Univ , Caen , France
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Navarro SV, Alvarez R, Colomina MT, Sanchez-Santed F, Flores P, Moreno M. Behavioral Biomarkers of Schizophrenia in High Drinker Rats: A Potential Endophenotype of Compulsive Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:778-787. [PMID: 27872269 PMCID: PMC5472118 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychogenic polydipsia, which is compulsive, non-regulatory fluid consumption, is present in 6%-20% of chronic psychiatric patients and frequently associated with the schizophrenia diagnosis. In the present study, we investigated the relation between schizophrenia-like symptoms and biomarkers with a compulsive drinking behavior phenotype in rats. Rats that were selected for low drinking vs high drinking behavior following schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) were assessed in a latent inhibition (LI) paradigm using tone and electrical foot shock and in a spatial reversal learning task to evaluate behavioral inflexibility. We also analyzed the myelin basic protein in different brain areas of high drinker (HD) and low drinker (LD) rats. The HD rats, which were characterized by a compulsive drinking behavior on SIP, had a reduced level of LI effect and increased behavioral inflexibility in the spatial reversal learning task in comparison to the LD group. Moreover, HD rats showed less myelination in the center of the corpus callosum, striatum, and amygdala in comparison to LD rats. These findings strengthen the validity of HD rats that were selected by SIP as a possible phenotype of compulsive neuropsychiatric disorders, as evidenced by the existence of behaviors and biological markers that are related to schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, including a reduced LI effect, behavioral inflexibility and reduced brain myelination. Future studies could contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the compulsive phenotype of HD rats and its relation to vulnerability to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia V. Navarro
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Almería, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Colomina
- Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain;,Research in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Sanchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Flores
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Almería, Spain
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CEIA3), Almería, Spain
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Oxidative stress, prefrontal cortex hypomyelination and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1171. [PMID: 28934193 PMCID: PMC5538118 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a broad symptomatology, including cognitive symptoms that are thought to arise from the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The neurobiological aetiology of these symptoms remains elusive, yet both impaired redox control and PFC dysconnectivity have been recently implicated. PFC dysconnectivity has been linked to white matter, oligodendrocyte (OL) and myelin abnormalities in SZ patients. Myelin is produced by mature OLs, and OL precursor cells (OPCs) are exceptionally susceptible to oxidative stress. Here we propose a hypothesis for the aetiology of cognitive symptomatology in SZ: the redox-induced prefrontal OPC-dysfunctioning hypothesis. We pose that the combination of genetic and environmental factors causes oxidative stress marked by a build-up of reactive oxygen species that, during late adolescence, impair OPC signal transduction processes that are necessary for OPC proliferation and differentiation, and involve AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt-mTOR-P70S6K and peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha signalling. OPC dysfunctioning coincides with the relatively late onset of PFC myelination, causing hypomyelination and disruption of connectivity in this brain area. The resulting cognitive deficits arise in parallel with SZ onset. Hence, our hypothesis provides a novel neurobiological framework for the aetiology of SZ cognitive symptoms. Future research addressing our hypothesis could have important implications for the development of new (combined) antioxidant- and promyelination-based strategies to treat the cognitive symptoms in SZ.
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ENIGMA and the individual: Predicting factors that affect the brain in 35 countries worldwide. Neuroimage 2017; 145:389-408. [PMID: 26658930 PMCID: PMC4893347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent work by the ENIGMA Consortium (http://enigma.ini.usc.edu) - a global alliance of over 500 scientists spread across 200 institutions in 35 countries collectively analyzing brain imaging, clinical, and genetic data. Initially formed to detect genetic influences on brain measures, ENIGMA has grown to over 30 working groups studying 12 major brain diseases by pooling and comparing brain data. In some of the largest neuroimaging studies to date - of schizophrenia and major depression - ENIGMA has found replicable disease effects on the brain that are consistent worldwide, as well as factors that modulate disease effects. In partnership with other consortia including ADNI, CHARGE, IMAGEN and others1, ENIGMA's genomic screens - now numbering over 30,000 MRI scans - have revealed at least 8 genetic loci that affect brain volumes. Downstream of gene findings, ENIGMA has revealed how these individual variants - and genetic variants in general - may affect both the brain and risk for a range of diseases. The ENIGMA consortium is discovering factors that consistently affect brain structure and function that will serve as future predictors linking individual brain scans and genomic data. It is generating vast pools of normative data on brain measures - from tens of thousands of people - that may help detect deviations from normal development or aging in specific groups of subjects. We discuss challenges and opportunities in applying these predictors to individual subjects and new cohorts, as well as lessons we have learned in ENIGMA's efforts so far.
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White matter volume change and its correlation with symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia: a VBM-DARTEL study. Neuroreport 2016; 26:1095-100. [PMID: 26485094 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the white matter (WM) volume change and its correlation with symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia using voxel-based morphometry. A total of 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. MR image data were processed using SPM8 software with diffeomorphic anatomical registration through an exponentiated Lie algebra (DARTEL) algorithm. The patients with schizophrenia showed significant decreases (P=0.042) in the WM volumes of the temporal lobe and superior frontal gyrus compared with the healthy controls. The WM volumes of the middle temporal gyrus were negatively correlated with the scores of both the Positive Subscale (Pearson's ρ=-0.68, P=0.001) and the Negative Subscale (ρ=-0.71, P=0.0005) in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. In addition, the scores of the General Psychopathology Subscale were negatively correlated with the WM volumes of the superior frontal gyrus (ρ=-0.68, P=0.0009). This study evaluated the WM volume of patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls using DARTEI-based voxel-based morphometry and also assessed the correlation of the localized WM volume changes with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. These findings will be useful to understand the neuropathology associated with WM abnormality in schizophrenia.
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Szewczyk LM, Brozko N, Nagalski A, Röckle I, Werneburg S, Hildebrandt H, Wisniewska MB, Kuznicki J. ST8SIA2 promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation and the integrity of myelin and axons. Glia 2016; 65:34-49. [PMID: 27534376 PMCID: PMC5129544 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ST8SIA2 is a polysialyltransferase that attaches polysialic acid to the glycoproteins NCAM1 and CADM1. Polysialylation is involved in brain development and plasticity. ST8SIA2 is a schizophrenia candidate gene, and St8sia2−/− mice exhibit schizophrenia‐like behavior. We sought to identify new pathological consequences of ST8SIA2 deficiency. Our proteomic analysis suggested myelin impairment in St8sia2−/− mice. Histological and immune staining together with Western blot revealed that the onset of myelination was not delayed in St8sia2−/− mice, but the content of myelin was lower. Ultrastructure analysis of the corpus callosum showed thinner myelin sheaths, smaller and irregularly shaped axons, and white matter lesions in adult St8sia2−/− mice. Then we evaluated oligodendrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Fewer OLIG2+ cells in the cortex and corpus callosum, together with the higher percentage of undifferentiated oligodenroglia in St8sia2−/− mice suggested an impairment in oligodendrocyte generation. Experiment on primary cultures of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) confirmed a cell‐autonomous effect of ST8SIA2 in oligodendroglia, and demonstrated that OPC to oligodendrocyte transition is inhibited in St8sia2−/− mice. Concluding, ST8SIA2‐mediated polysialylation influences on oligodendrocyte differentiation, and oligodendrocyte deficits in St8sia2 mice are a possible cause of the demyelination and degeneration of axons, resembling nerve fiber alterations in schizophrenia. GLIA 2016;65:34–49
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Mateusz Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warszawa, 02-091, Poland
| | - Nikola Brozko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 61, Warszawa, 02-091, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland
| | - Iris Röckle
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Sebastian Werneburg
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Herbert Hildebrandt
- Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Marta Barbara Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 2C, Warszawa, 02-097, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, ul. Ks. Trojdena 4, Warszawa, 02-109, Poland
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Abstract
Although treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) was described 50 years ago and has a gold standard treatment with clozapine based on well-defined criteria, there is still a matter of great interest and controversy. In terms of the underlying mechanisms of the development of TRS, progress has been made for the elucidation of the neurochemical mechanisms. Structural neuroimaging studies have shown that patients with TRS have significant reduction of the prefrontal cortex volume when compared with non- TRS. This article updates and enhances our previous review with new evidence mainly derived from new studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Elkis
- Instituto de Psiquiatria HC- FMUSP, Rua Ovidio Pires de Campos 785-São Paulo, SP-05403-010, Brazil.
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Mouchlianitis E, McCutcheon R, Howes OD. Brain-imaging studies of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3:451-63. [PMID: 26948188 PMCID: PMC5796640 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of patients with schizophrenia show an inadequate response to antipsychotics-ie, treatment resistance. Neuroimaging studies can help to uncover the underlying neurobiological reasons for such resistance and identify these patients earlier. Additionally, studies examining the effect of clozapine on the brain can help to identify aspects of clozapine that make it uniquely effective in patients with treatment resistance. We did a systematic search of PubMed between Jan 1, 1980, and April 13, 2015, to identify all neuroimaging studies that examined treatment-resistant patients or longitudinally assessed the effects of clozapine treatment. We identified 330 articles, of which 61 met the inclusion criteria. Replicated differences between treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive patients include reductions in grey matter and perfusion of frontotemporal regions, and increases in white matter and basal ganglia perfusion, with effect sizes ranging from 0·4 to greater than 1. Clozapine treatment led to reductions in caudate nucleus volume in three separate studies. The available evidence supports the hypothesis that some of the neurobiological changes seen in treatment-resistant schizophrenia lie along a continuum with treatment-responsive schizophrenia, whereas other differences are categorical in nature and have potential to be used as biomarkers. However, further replication is needed, and for neuroimaging findings to be clinically translatable, future studies need to focus on a-priori hypotheses and be adequately powered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Mouchlianitis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Institute of Clinical Science, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; Psychiatric Imaging Group, Medical Research Council Clinical Sciences Centre, Institute of Clinical Science, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wu H, Wang X, Gao Y, Lin F, Song T, Zou Y, Xu L, Lei H. NMDA receptor antagonism by repetitive MK801 administration induces schizophrenia-like structural changes in the rat brain as revealed by voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroscience 2016; 322:221-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mohammad SA, Sakr HM, Bondok SMY, Mahmoud DAM, Azzam HM, Effat S. Fronto-temporal connectivity in never-medicated patients with first-episode schizophrenia: A DTI study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Reid MA, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Lahti AC. A combined diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:341-50. [PMID: 26718333 PMCID: PMC5982513 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia consistently show global reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA), a putative marker of white matter integrity. The cingulum bundle, which facilitates communication between the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus, is frequently implicated in schizophrenia. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies report metabolic abnormalities in the ACC and hippocampus of patients. Combining DTI and MRS offers exploration of the relationship between cortical neuronal biochemistry and the integrity of white matter tracts connecting specific cortical regions; however, few studies have attempted this in schizophrenia. Twenty-nine schizophrenia patients and twenty controls participated in this 3 T imaging study in which we used DTI and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to assess white matter integrity and MRS to quantify metabolites in the ACC and hippocampus. We found FA reductions with overlapping radial diffusivity (RD) elevations in patients in multiple tracts, suggesting white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia are driven by loss of myelin integrity. In controls, we found significant negative correlations between hippocampal N-acetylaspartate/creatine and RD and axial diffusivity (AD) as well as a significant negative correlation between FA and ACC glutamate+glutamine/creatine in the hippocampal part of the cingulum bundle. It is possible that the extent of myelin damage could have resulted in the absence of DTI-MRS correlations in our patient group. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential utility of a multi-modal neuroimaging approach to help further our understanding of the relationship between white matter microstructure and neurochemistry in distinct cortical regions connected by white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David M. White
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina V. Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adrienne C. Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Adrienne C. Lahti, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC 501, 1720 2 Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA, +1 205-996-6776, Fax: +1 205-975-4879,
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Mauney SA, Pietersen CY, Sonntag KC, Woo TUW. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursors is impaired in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:374-380. [PMID: 26585218 PMCID: PMC4681621 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of schizophrenia involves disturbances of information processing across brain regions, possibly reflecting, at least in part, a disruption in the underlying axonal connectivity. This disruption is thought to be a consequence of the pathology of myelin ensheathment, the integrity of which is tightly regulated by oligodendrocytes. In order to gain insight into the possible neurobiological mechanisms of myelin deficit, we determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile of laser captured cells that were immunoreactive for 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), a marker for oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in addition to differentiating and myelinating oligodendrocytes, in the white matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia subjects. Our findings pointed to the hypothesis that OPC differentiation might be impaired in schizophrenia. To address this hypothesis, we quantified cells that were immunoreactive for neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2), a selective marker for OPCs, and those that were immunoreactive for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), an oligodendrocyte lineage marker that is expressed by OPCs and maturing oligodendrocytes. We found that the density of NG2-immunoreactive cells was unaltered, but the density of OLIG2-immunoreactive cells was significantly decreased in subjects with schizophrenia, consistent with the notion that OPC differentiation impairment may contribute to oligodendrocyte disturbances and thereby myelin deficits in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Mauney
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Charmaine Y. Pietersen
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Kai-C. Sonntag
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Tsung-Ung W. Woo
- Laboratory for Cellular Neuropathology, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Division of Basic Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478,Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Strzelecki D, Podgórski M, Kałużyńska O, Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Stefańczyk L, Kotlicka-Antczak M, Gmitrowicz A, Grzelak P. Supplementation of Antipsychotic Treatment with the Amino Acid Sarcosine Influences Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Parameters in Left Frontal White Matter in Patients with Schizophrenia. Nutrients 2015; 7:8767-82. [PMID: 26506383 PMCID: PMC4632447 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the glutamatergic system, the main stimulating system in the brain, has a major role in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The frontal white matter (WM) is partially composed of axons from glutamatergic pyramidal neurons and glia with glutamatergic receptors. The natural amino acid sarcosine, a component of a normal diet, inhibits the glycine type 1 transporter, increasing the glycine level. Thus, it modulates glutamatergic transmission through the glutamatergic ionotropic NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor, which requires glycine as a co-agonist. To evaluate the concentrations of brain metabolites (NAA, N-acetylaspartate; Glx, complex of glutamate, glutamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); mI, myo-inositol; Cr, creatine; Cho, choline) in the left frontal WM, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy was used. Twenty-five patients randomly chosen from a group of fifty with stable schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR) and dominant negative symptoms, who were receiving antipsychotic therapy, were administered 2 g of sarcosine daily for six months. The remaining 25 patients received placebo. Assignment was double blinded. 1H-NMR spectroscopy (1.5 T) was performed twice: before and after the intervention. NAA, Glx and mI were evaluated as Cr and Cho ratios. All patients were also assessed twice with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results were compared between groups and in two time points in each group. The sarcosine group demonstrated a significant decrease in WM Glx/Cr and Glx/Cho ratios compared to controls after six months of therapy. In the experimental group, the final NAA/Cr ratio significantly increased and Glx/Cr ratio significantly decreased compared to baseline values. Improvement in the PANSS scores was significant only in the sarcosine group. In patients with schizophrenia, sarcosine augmentation can reverse the negative effect of glutamatergic system overstimulation, with a simultaneous beneficial increase of NAA/Cr ratio in the WM of the left frontal lobe. Our results further support the glutamatergic hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Michał Podgórski
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Olga Kałużyńska
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Ludomir Stefańczyk
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Kotlicka-Antczak
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Łódź, Central Clinical Hospital, ul. Pomorska 251, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gmitrowicz
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
| | - Piotr Grzelak
- Department of Radiology-Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź 92-213, Poland.
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Corcoba A, Steullet P, Duarte JMN, Van de Looij Y, Monin A, Cuenod M, Gruetter R, Do KQ. Glutathione Deficit Affects the Integrity and Function of the Fimbria/Fornix and Anterior Commissure in Mice: Relevance for Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv110. [PMID: 26433393 PMCID: PMC4815475 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural anomalies of white matter are found in various brain regions of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar and other psychiatric disorders, but the causes at the cellular and molecular levels remain unclear. Oxidative stress and redox dysregulation have been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric conditions, but their anatomical and functional consequences are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate white matter throughout the brain in a preclinical model of redox dysregulation. METHODS In a mouse model with impaired glutathione synthesis (Gclm KO), a state-of-the-art multimodal magnetic resonance protocol at high field (14.1 T) was used to assess longitudinally the white matter structure, prefrontal neurochemical profile, and ventricular volume. Electrophysiological recordings in the abnormal white matter tracts identified by diffusion tensor imaging were performed to characterize the functional consequences of fractional anisotropy alterations. RESULTS Structural alterations observed at peri-pubertal age and adulthood in Gclm KO mice were restricted to the anterior commissure and fornix-fimbria. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the anterior commissure (-7.5% ± 1.9, P<.01) and fornix-fimbria (-4.5% ± 1.3, P<.05) were accompanied by reduced conduction velocity in fast-conducting fibers of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (-14.3% ± 5.1, P<.05) and slow-conducting fibers of the fornix-fimbria (-8.6% ± 2.6, P<.05). Ventricular enlargement was found at peri-puberty (+25% ± 8 P<.05) but not in adult Gclm KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione deficit in Gclm KO mice affects ventricular size and the integrity of the fornix-fimbria and anterior commissure. This suggests that redox dysregulation could contribute during neurodevelopment to the impaired white matter and ventricle enlargement observed in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Corcoba
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Aline Monin
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Michel Cuenod
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Kim Q Do
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter).
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48
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Theofanopoulou C. Brain asymmetry in the white matter making and globularity. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1355. [PMID: 26441731 PMCID: PMC4564653 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies from the field of language genetics and evolutionary anthropology have put forward the hypothesis that the emergence of our species-specific brain is to be understood not in terms of size, but in light of developmental changes that gave rise to a more globular braincase configuration after the split from Neanderthals-Denisovans. On the grounds that (i) white matter myelination is delayed relative to other brain structures and, in humans, is protracted compared with other primates and that (ii) neural connectivity is linked genetically to our brain/skull morphology and language-ready brain, I argue that one significant evolutionary change in Homo sapiens' lineage is the interhemispheric connectivity mediated by the Corpus Callosum. The size, myelination and fiber caliber of the Corpus Callosum present an anterior-to-posterior increase, in a way that inter-hemispheric connectivity is more prominent in the sensory motor areas, whereas "high- order" areas are more intra-hemispherically connected. Building on evidence from language-processing studies that account for this asymmetry ('lateralization') in terms of brain rhythms, I present an evo-devo hypothesis according to which the myelination of the Corpus Callosum, Brain Asymmetry, and Globularity are conjectured to make up the angles of a co-evolutionary triangle that gave rise to our language-ready brain.
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Patel VS, Kelly S, Wright C, Gupta CN, Arias-Vasquez A, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Ehrlich S, Wang L, Bustillo JR, Morris D, Corvin A, Cannon DM, McDonald C, Donohoe G, Calhoun VD, Turner JA. MIR137HG risk variant rs1625579 genotype is related to corpus callosum volume in schizophrenia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 602:44-9. [PMID: 26123324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies implicate the MIR137HG risk variant rs1625579 (MIR137HGrv) within the host gene for microRNA-137 as a potential regulator of schizophrenia susceptibility. We examined the influence of MIR137HGrv genotype on 17 subcortical and callosal volumes in a large sample of individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls (n=841). Although the volumes were overall reduced relative to healthy controls, for individuals with schizophrenia the homozygous MIR137HGrv risk genotype was associated with attenuated reduction of mid-posterior corpus callosum volume (p=0.001), along with trend-level effects in the adjacent central and posterior corpus callosum. These findings are unique in the literature and remain robust after analysis in ethnically homogenous and single-scanner subsets of the larger sample. Thus, our study suggests that the mechanisms whereby MIR137HGrv works to increase schizophrenia risk are not those that generate the corpus callosum volume reductions commonly found in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena S Patel
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Carrie Wright
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Cota Navin Gupta
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA.
| | - Alejandro Arias-Vasquez
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lei Wang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, and Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory and Cognitive Genetics group, Departments of Psychiatry, Anatomy, Biochemistry and School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jessica A Turner
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Departments of Psychology and Neurosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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50
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Leroux E, Delcroix N, Dollfus S. Left-hemisphere lateralization for language and interhemispheric fiber tracking in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2015; 165:30-7. [PMID: 25868933 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the degree of hemispheric specialization (HS) depends on the structural connectivity between the two hemispheres, that is to say the corpus callosum (CC). Studies, performed only on healthy participants, investigated this anatomo-functional relationship. Nevertheless, it has never been studied in schizophrenia. We therefore propose to study the anatomo-functional relationships between the integrity of interhemispheric connectivity and leftward functional lateralization for language in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy participants, driven by a multimodal approach combining fMRI and DTI-based fiber tractography. We hypothesized that reduced leftward functional lateralization for language in patients with schizophrenia could be related to a callosal hypoconnectivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients based on the DSM-IV, and 17 controls were included. The functional laterality index and interhemispheric diffusion values between homologue temporal regions, belonging to the language network, were individually extracted in order to study the anatomo-functional relationships. RESULTS In the patients, higher mean and radial diffusivity (RD) values (thicker myelin sheaths) were associated with less leftward lateralization. In contrast, the controls presented higher RD values and lower fractional anisotropy values (axonal loss) with more leftward lateralization. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a relationship between the CC and the HS for language, but did not provide evidence clarifying the direction of the relationship between callosal connectivity and functional lateralization for language. In particular, the present findings showed that the loss of integrity in interhemispheric callosal fibers was associated with reduced leftward cerebral dominance for language in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Leroux
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France; CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, ISTS Team, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France.
| | - Nicolas Delcroix
- CNRS, UMS 3408, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France.
| | - Sonia Dollfus
- CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Caen F-14000, France; CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, ISTS Team, GIP CYCERON, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP5229, F-14074 Caen cedex, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UFR de médecine (Medical School), Caen F-14000, France.
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