1
|
Mojiri Z, Rouhani E, Akhavan A, Jokar Z, Alaei H. Non-invasive temporal interference brain stimulation reduces preference on morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21040. [PMID: 39251806 PMCID: PMC11385117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term use of opioid drugs such as morphine can induce addiction in the central nervous system through dysregulation of the reward system of the brain. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a non-pharmacological technique capable of attenuating behavioral responses associated with opioid drug consumption and possesses the capability to selectively activate and target localized brain regions with a high spatial resolution. However, long-term implantation of electrodes in brain tissue may limit the effectiveness of DBS due to changes in impedance, position, and shape of the tip of the stimulation electrode and the risk of infection of nerve tissue around the implanted electrode. The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the effect of temporal interference (TI) brain stimulation on addictive behaviors of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. TI stimulation is a non-invasive technique used transcranially to modulate neural activity within targeted brain regions. It involves applying two high-frequency currents with slightly different frequencies, resulting in interference and targeted stimulation of different brain areas with the desired spatial resolution. The results indicated that TI stimulation with the amplitude ofI 1 = I 2 = 0.5 mA, carrier frequency of 2 kHz, frequency difference of 25 Hz, ON-OFF stimulation frequency of 0.25 Hz, and total duration of 10 min in three consecutive days resulted in a significant reduction of morphine preference in the morphine-stimulation group in comparison with the morphine group (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of TI stimulation as a modulatory intervention in mitigating the addictive properties of morphine and provide valuable insights into the therapeutic implications of this stimulation paradigm for treatment of opioid drugs in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Mojiri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rouhani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Amir Akhavan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Zahra Jokar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hojjatallah Alaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dumontoy S, Ramadan B, Risold PY, Pedron S, Houdayer C, Etiévant A, Cabeza L, Haffen E, Peterschmitt Y, Van Waes V. Repeated Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (RA-tDCS) over the Left Frontal Lobe Increases Bilateral Hippocampal Cell Proliferation in Young Adult but Not Middle-Aged Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108750. [PMID: 37240095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (RA-tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique consisting of stimulating the cerebral cortex with a weak electric anodal current in a non-invasive manner. RA-tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has antidepressant-like properties and improves memory both in humans and laboratory animals. However, the mechanisms of action of RA-tDCS remain poorly understood. Since adult hippocampal neurogenesis is thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and memory functioning, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the impact of RA-tDCS on hippocampal neurogenesis levels in mice. RA-tDCS was applied for 20 min per day for five consecutive days over the left frontal cortex of young adult (2-month-old, high basal level of neurogenesis) and middle-aged (10-month-old, low basal level of neurogenesis) female mice. Mice received three intraperitoneal injections of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) on the final day of RA-tDCS. The brains were collected either 1 day or 3 weeks after the BrdU injections to quantify cell proliferation and cell survival, respectively. RA-tDCS increased hippocampal cell proliferation in young adult female mice, preferentially (but not exclusively) in the dorsal part of the dentate gyrus. However, the number of cells that survived after 3 weeks was the same in both the Sham and the tDCS groups. This was due to a lower survival rate in the tDCS group, which suppressed the beneficial effects of tDCS on cell proliferation. No modulation of cell proliferation or survival was observed in middle-aged animals. Our RA-tDCS protocol may, therefore, influence the behavior of naïve female mice, as we previously described, but its effect on the hippocampus is only transient in young adult animals. Future studies using animal models for depression in male and female mice should provide further insights into RA-tDCS detailed age- and sex-dependent effects on hippocampal neurogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dumontoy
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Bahrie Ramadan
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | | | - Christophe Houdayer
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Etiévant
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Lidia Cabeza
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Multisession Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Context Discrimination in Mice. J Neurosci 2023; 43:635-646. [PMID: 36639896 PMCID: PMC9888513 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1476-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulatory treatment option for multiple neurologic and psychiatric disorders, but its mechanism of action is still poorly understood. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) continues throughout life and is crucial for preserving several aspects of hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions. Nevertheless, the contribution of AHN in the neuromodulatory effects of tDCS remains unexplored. Here, we sought to investigate whether multisession anodal tDCS may modulate AHN and its associated cognitive functions. Multisession anodal tDCS were applied on the skull over the hippocampus of adult male mice for 20 min at 0.25 mA once daily for 10 d totally. We found that multisession anodal tDCS enhances AHN by increasing the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). In addition, tDCS treatment increased cell cycle reentry and reduced cell cycle exit of NSPCs. The tDCS-treated mice exhibited a reduced GABAergic inhibitory tone in the dentate gyrus compared with sham-treated mice. The effect of tDCS on the proliferation of NSPCs was blocked by pharmacological restoration of GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition. Functionally, multisession anodal tDCS enhances performance on a contextual fear discrimination task, and this enhancement was prevented by blocking AHN using the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ). Our results emphasize an important role for AHN in mediating the beneficial effects of tDCS on cognitive functions that substantially broadens the mechanistic understanding of tDCS beyond its well-described in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to effectively enhance cognitive functions in healthy and pathologic conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying its effects are largely unknown and need to be better understood to enable its optimal clinical use. This study shows that multisession anodal tDCS enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and therefore contributes to enhance context discrimination in mice. Our results also show that the effect of tDCS on AHN is associated with reduced GABAergic inhibition in the dentate gyrus. Our study uncovers a novel mechanism of anodal tDCS to elicit cognitive-enhancing effects and may have the potential to improve cognitive decline associated with normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang QF, Xiao KW, Wang L, Yu QP, Xie Q, Poo MM, Wen Y. Neural Mechanism Underlying Task-Specific Enhancement of Motor Learning by Concurrent Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:69-82. [PMID: 35908004 PMCID: PMC9849633 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal protocol for neuromodulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) remains unclear. Using the rotarod paradigm, we found that mouse motor learning was enhanced by anodal tDCS (3.2 mA/cm2) during but not before or after the performance of a task. Dual-task experiments showed that motor learning enhancement was specific to the task accompanied by anodal tDCS. Studies using a mouse model of stroke induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion showed that concurrent anodal tDCS restored motor learning capability in a task-specific manner. Transcranial in vivo Ca2+ imaging further showed that anodal tDCS elevated and cathodal tDCS suppressed neuronal activity in the primary motor cortex (M1). Anodal tDCS specifically promoted the activity of task-related M1 neurons during task performance, suggesting that elevated Hebbian synaptic potentiation in task-activated circuits accounts for the motor learning enhancement. Thus, application of tDCS concurrent with the targeted behavioral dysfunction could be an effective approach to treating brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jixian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qing-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ke-Wei Xiao
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mu-Ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yunqing Wen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mirhosseini H, Kargar M, Nitsche M, Sheikhi Abarghouei MA, Nazari MA, Dastjerdi G. Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Ultra-Rapid Opioid Detoxification Outcome. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:799-806. [PMID: 37323953 PMCID: PMC10262281 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.1573.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The persistence of post-detoxification problems in drug addiction is one of the disadvantages of the ultra-rapid opioid detoxification (UROD) method. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been introduced in experimental addiction treatment for some years. Results of pilot studies suggest that it might be a promising method for addiction treatment. This study explores the adjunctive application of tDCS during treating opiate addiction with the UROD approach. Methods This double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was carried out on patients with substance abuse admitted to the Bahman Clinic of Yazd City in Iran (from March to September 2014). Forty participants were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups. Two sessions of tDCS (real or sham) over dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) were applied, accompanied by UROD. Withdrawal symptoms and craving were assessed by the drug desire questionnaire and objective opiate withdrawal scale before UROD and for the 24-hour interval after. Results Transcranial direct current stimulation optimized the opiate addiction treatment through craving and withdrawal syndrome alleviation. Conclusion The study results indicate that prefrontal tDCS may promote the efficacy of the UROD method in opioid addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mirhosseini
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Kargar
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Michael Nitsche
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany. Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Mohammad Ali Nazari
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience laboratory, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Dastjerdi
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramadan B, Cabeza L, Cramoisy S, Houdayer C, Andrieu P, Millot JL, Haffen E, Risold PY, Peterschmitt Y. Beneficial effects of prolonged 2-phenylethyl alcohol inhalation on chronic distress-induced anxio-depressive-like phenotype in female mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113100. [PMID: 35597115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic distress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis deregulations have been associated with the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Currently available drugs treating such pathological conditions have limited efficacy and diverse side effects, revealing the need of new safer strategies. Aromatic plant-based compounds are largely used in herbal medicine due to their therapeutic properties on mood, physiology, and general well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA), one of the pharmacologically active constituents of rose essential oil, on chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced behavioral and neurobiological changes in female mice. Animals followed a prolonged PEA inhalation exposure (30 min per day) for 15 consecutive days prior to behavioral evaluation with open-field, forced swim and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. CORT treatment induced an anxio-depressive-like phenotype, evidenced by a reduced locomotor activity in the open-field, and an increased latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding paradigms. To elucidate the neural correlates of our behavioral results, immunohistochemistry was further performed to provide a global map of neural activity based on cerebral cFos expression. The altered feeding behavior was accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of cFos-positive cells in the olfactory bulb, and altered functional brain connectivity as shown by cross-correlation-based network analysis. CORT-induced behavioral and neurobiological alterations were reversed by prolonged PEA inhalation, suggesting a therapeutic action that allows regulating the activity of neural circuits involved in sensory, emotional and feeding behaviors. These findings might contribute to better understand the therapeutic potential of PEA on anxio-depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahrie Ramadan
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| | - Lidia Cabeza
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cramoisy
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Houdayer
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Andrieu
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Louis Millot
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon CHU, Besançon, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CIC-INSERM-1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon CHU, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive UR-LINC 481, Université de Franche-Comté, Université de B ourgogne - Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduces motivation to drink ethanol and reacquisition of ethanol self-administration in female mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:198. [PMID: 34997004 PMCID: PMC8741977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging noninvasive brain neuromodulation technique aimed at relieving symptoms associated with psychiatric disorders, including addiction. The goal of the present study was to better identify which phase of alcohol-related behavior (hedonic effect, behavioral sensitization, self-administration, or motivation to obtain the drug) might be modulated by repeated anodal tDCS over the frontal cortex (0.2 mA, 20 min, twice a day for 5 consecutive days), using female mice as a model. Our data showed that tDCS did not modulate the hedonic effects of ethanol as assessed by a conditioned place preference test (CPP) or the expression of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Interestingly, tDCS robustly reduced reacquisition of ethanol consumption (50% decrease) following extinction of self-administration in an operant paradigm. Furthermore, tDCS significantly decreased motivation to drink ethanol on a progressive ratio schedule (30% decrease). Taken together, our results show a dissociation between the effects of tDCS on “liking” (hedonic aspect; no effect in the CPP) and “wanting” (motivation; decreased consumption on a progressive ratio schedule). Our tDCS procedure in rodents will allow us to better understand its mechanisms of action in order to accelerate its use as a complementary and innovative tool to help alcohol-dependent patients maintain abstinence or reduce ethanol intake.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mansouri MT, García PS. Repetitive Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Hastens Isoflurane-Induced Emergence and Recovery and Enhances Memory in Healthy Rats. Anesth Analg 2021; 132:1347-1358. [PMID: 33591114 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attaining a rapid and smooth return to consciousness after general anesthesia is a goal for clinical anesthesiologists. This study aimed to investigate the effects of repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (atDCS) on emergence and recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in rats. METHODS Four days after surgery for atDCS socket implantation, rats received either sham stimulation or repetitive anodal direct electrical current of 0.2 mA intensity applied to the right motor cortex for 20 minutes/d for 10 consecutive days. Isoflurane potency and emergence and recovery from a 2-hour isoflurane challenge were evaluated 24 hours after the last atDCS session. Cognitive performance on novel object recognition and spontaneous alternation Y-maze tests were measured 48 hours after the last atDCS session. Locomotor activity was assessed via automated counting of electric infrared beam crossings. RESULTS Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Isoflurane potency was not affected by atDCS (sham: 1.69% ± 0.06%, transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS]: 1.73% ± 0.11%, mean difference [MD]: 0.045, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.22 to 0.30; P = .72). However, the time to appearance of emergence behavioral marker (eg, return of righting reflex) was hastened in rats receiving atDCS (sham: 486 ± 31 seconds, tDCS: 330 ± 45 seconds, MD: 157, 95% CI: 30-284; P = .008). Similarly, time to acknowledgment of adhesive tape ("sticky dot" applied while anesthetized) was also decreased in atDCS-treated rats as compared to sham (sham: 1374 ± 179 seconds, tDCS: 908 ± 151 seconds, MD: 466, 95% CI: 73-858; P = .015), indicating a faster recovery of isoflurane anesthesia. Rats treated with atDCS spent more time exploring the novel object and environment when compared to sham without affecting activity cycles, indicating visual and working memory can be enhanced by atDCS. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that atDCS over cortical areas might hasten recovery from isoflurane anesthesia and could potentially be used as a preventative strategy for disruptions in higher order functions related to sedation/anesthesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- From the Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul S García
- From the Neuroanesthesia Laboratory, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Van Schuerbeek A, Vanderhasselt MA, Baeken C, Pierre A, Smolders I, Van Waes V, De Bundel D. Effects of repeated anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on auditory fear extinction in C57BL/6J mice. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:250-260. [PMID: 33454396 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma-based psychotherapy is a first line treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but not all patients achieve long-term remission. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) received considerable attention as a neuromodulation method that may improve trauma-based psychotherapy. OBJECTIVE We explored the effects of repeated anodal tDCS over the prefrontal cortex (PFC) on fear extinction in mice as a preclinical model for trauma-based psychotherapy. METHODS We performed auditory fear conditioning with moderate or high shock intensity on C57BL6/J mice. Next, mice received anodal tDCS (0.2 mA, 20 min) or sham stimulation over the PFC twice daily for five consecutive days. Extinction training was performed by repeatedly exposing mice to the auditory cue the day after the last stimulation session. Early and late retention of extinction were evaluated one day and three weeks after extinction training respectively. RESULTS We observed no significant effect of tDCS on the acquisition or retention of fear extinction in mice subjected to fear conditioning with moderate intensity. However, when the intensity of fear conditioning was high, tDCS significantly lowered freezing during the acquisition of extinction, regardless of the extinction protocol. Moreover, when tDCS was combined with a strong extinction protocol, we also observed a significant improvement of early extinction recall. Finally, we found that tDCS reduced generalized fear induced by contextual cues when the intensity of conditioning is high and extinction training limited. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a rationale to further explore anodal tDCS over the PFC as potential support for trauma-based psychotherapy for PTSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andries Van Schuerbeek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Universiteit Gent - C, Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Chris Baeken
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Universiteit Gent - C, Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Gent, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry, UZBrussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anouk Pierre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Integrative Neuroscience, EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25030, Besancon, Cedex, France.
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Group Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Regner GG, Torres ILS, de Oliveira C, Pflüger P, da Silva LS, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, de Souza A, Fregni F, Pereira P. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affects neuroinflammation parameters and behavioral seizure activity in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in rats. Neurosci Lett 2020; 735:135162. [PMID: 32569808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs, about 30 % of patients with epilepsy are refractory to drug therapy. Thus, the search for non-pharmacological interventions such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may be an alternative, either alone or in combination with low doses of anticonvulsants. This study evaluated the effect of anodal (a-tDCS) and cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) on seizure behavior and neuroinflammation parameters. Rats were submitted to the kindling model induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) using diazepam (DZP) as anticonvulsant standard. tDCS groups were submitted to 10 sessions of a-tDCS or c-tDCS or SHAM-tDCS. Every 3 days they received saline (SAL), low dose of DZP (alone or in combination with tDCS) or effective dose of DZP 30 min before administration of PTZ, totaling 16 days of protocol. Neither a-tDCS nor c-tDCS reduced the occurrence of clonic forelimb seizures (convulsive motor seizures - stage 3 by the adapted Racine scale we based on). Associated with DZP, c-tDCS (c-tDCS/DZP0.15) increased the latency to first clonic forelimb seizure on the 10th and 16th days. Hippocampal IL-1β levels were reduced by c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15. In contrast, these treatments induced an increase in cortical IL-1β levels. Hippocampal TNF-α levels were not altered by c-tDCS or a-tDCS, but c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15 increased those levels in cerebral cortex. Cortical NGF levels were increased by c-tDCS and c-tDCS/DZP0.15. a-tDCS/DZP0.15 reduced hippocampal BDNF levels and c-tDCS/DZP0.15 increased these levels in cerebral cortex. In conclusion, c-tDCS alone or in combination with a low dose of DZP showed to affect neuroinflammation, improving central neurotrophin levels and decreasing hippocampal IL-1β levels after PTZ-induced kindling without statistically significant effect on seizure behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gregory Regner
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pricila Pflüger
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Studies - Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, United States
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Preclinical Toxicology Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pedron S, Dumontoy S, Dimauro J, Haffen E, Andrieu P, Van Waes V. Open-tES: An open-source stimulator for transcranial electrical stimulation designed for rodent research. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236061. [PMID: 32663223 PMCID: PMC7360043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive neuromodulatory techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been shown to modulate neuronal function and are used both in cognitive neuroscience and to treat neuropsychiatric conditions. In this context, animal models provide a powerful tool to identify the neurobiological mechanisms of action of tDCS. However, finding a current generator that is easily usable and which allows a wide range of stimulation parameters can be difficult and/or expensive. Here, we introduce the Open-tES device, a project under a Creative Commons License (CC BY, SA 4.0) shared on the collaborative platform Git-Hub. This current generator allows tDCS (and other kinds of stimulations) to be realized, is suitable for rodents, is easy to use, and is low-cost. Characterization has been performed to measure the precision and accuracy of the current delivered. We also aimed to compare its effects with a commercial stimulator used in clinical trials (DC-Stimulator Plus, NeuroConn, Germany). To achieve this, a behavioral study was conducted to evaluate its efficacy for decreasing depression related-behavior in mice. The stimulator precision and accuracy were better than 250 nA and 25 nA, respectively. The behavioral evaluation performed in mice in the present study did not reveal any significant differences between the commercial stimulator used in clinical trials and the Open-tES device. Accuracy and precision of the stimulator ensure high repeatability of the stimulations. This current generator constitutes a reliable and inexpensive tool that is useful for preclinical studies in the field of non-invasive electrical brain stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Pedron
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Stéphanie Dumontoy
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Julien Dimauro
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Andrieu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience EA481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Memory and Cognition-Related Neuroplasticity Enhancement by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Rodents: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:4795267. [PMID: 32211039 PMCID: PMC7061127 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4795267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain stimulation techniques, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), were identified as promising therapeutic tools to modulate synaptic plasticity abnormalities and minimize memory and learning deficits in many neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we revised the effect of tDCS on the modulation of neuroplasticity and cognition in several animal disease models of brain diseases affecting plasticity and cognition. Studies included in this review were searched following the terms (“transcranial direct current stimulation”) AND (mice OR mouse OR animal) and according to the PRISMA statement requirements. Overall, the studies collected suggest that tDCS was able to modulate brain plasticity due to synaptic modifications within the stimulated area. Changes in plasticity-related mechanisms were achieved through induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and upregulation of neuroplasticity-related proteins, such as c-fos, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Taken into account all revised studies, tDCS is a safe, easy, and noninvasive brain stimulation technique, therapeutically reliable, and with promising potential to promote cognitive enhancement and neuroplasticity. Since the use of tDCS has increased as a novel therapeutic approach in humans, animal studies are important to better understand its mechanisms as well as to help improve the stimulation protocols and their potential role in different neuropathologies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Aronson Fischell S, Ross TJ, Deng ZD, Salmeron BJ, Stein EA. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Applied to the Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortices in Smokers Modifies Cognitive Circuits Implicated in the Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:448-460. [PMID: 32151567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nicotine withdrawal syndrome remains a major impediment to smoking cessation. Cognitive and affective disturbances are associated with altered connectivity within and between the executive control network, default mode network (DMN), and salience network. We hypothesized that functional activity in cognitive control networks, and downstream amygdala circuits, would be modified by application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left (L) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC, executive control network) and right (R) ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC, DMN). METHODS A total of 15 smokers (7 women) and 28 matched nonsmokers (14 women) participated in a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, exploratory crossover study of 3 tDCS conditions: anodal-(L)dlPFC/cathodal-(R)vmPFC, reversed polarity, and sham. Cognitive tasks probed withdrawal-related constructs (error monitoring, working memory, amygdalar reactivity), while simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging measured brain activity. We assessed tDCS impact on trait (nonsmokers vs. sated smokers) and state (sated vs. abstinent) smoking aspects. RESULTS Single-session, anodal-(L)dlPFC/cathodal-(R)vmPFC tDCS enhanced deactivation of DMN nodes during the working memory task and strengthened anterior cingulate cortex activity during the error-monitoring task. Smokers were more responsive to tDCS-induced DMN deactivation when sated (vs. withdrawn) and displayed greater cingulate activity during error monitoring than nonsmokers. Nicotine withdrawal reduced task engagement and attention and reduced suppression of DMN nodes. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive circuit dysregulation associated with nicotine withdrawal may be modifiable by anodal tDCS applied to L-dlPFC and cathodal tDCS applied to R-vmPFC. tDCS may have stronger effects as a complement to existing therapies, such as nicotine replacement, owing to possible enhanced plasticity in the sated state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aronson Fischell
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alekseichuk I, Mantell K, Shirinpour S, Opitz A. Comparative modeling of transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in mouse, monkey, and human. Neuroimage 2019; 194:136-148. [PMID: 30910725 PMCID: PMC6536349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electric stimulation (TES) are increasingly popular methods to noninvasively affect brain activity. However, their mechanism of action and dose-response characteristics remain under active investigation. Translational studies in animals play a pivotal role in these efforts due to a larger neuroscientific toolset enabled by invasive recordings. In order to translate knowledge gained in animal studies to humans, it is crucial to generate comparable stimulation conditions with respect to the induced electric field in the brain. Here, we conduct a finite element method (FEM) modeling study of TMS and TES electric fields in a mouse, capuchin and macaque monkeys, and a human model. We systematically evaluate the induced electric fields and analyze their relationship to head and brain anatomy. We find that with increasing head size, TMS-induced electric field strength first increases and then decreases according to a two-term exponential function. TES-induced electric field strength strongly decreases from smaller to larger specimen with up to 100x fold differences across species. Our results can serve as a basis to compare and match stimulation parameters across studies in animals and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Alekseichuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Kathleen Mantell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sina Shirinpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gondard E, Soto-Montenegro ML, Cassol A, Lozano AM, Hamani C. Transcranial direct current stimulation does not improve memory deficits or alter pathological hallmarks in a rodent model of Alzheimer's disease. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 114:93-98. [PMID: 31054455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating degenerative disorder for which there are currently no effective therapeutic options. Non-invasive neuromodulation, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been investigated for the treatment of cognitive symptoms in AD. Results from clinical and preclinical studies, however, have been somewhat controversial. We investigate whether tDCS delivered to triple transgenic (3xTg) AD mice improves memory deficits and mitigates the development of AD-type neuropathology. 3xTg AD mice and controls were implanted with paddle electrodes over the skull. The cathode was anterior to bregma and the anode anterior to lamda. tDCS was delivered for 20 min/day, 5 days/week over three weeks at 50 μA. Though this amplitude was lower than the one used in the preclinical literature, it generated a high current density compared to the clinical scenario. Memory testing was conducted during treatment weeks 2 and 3. Post-mortem pathological AD markers were studied. Our results show that performance of 3xTg mice in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests was significantly impaired compared to that of controls. In addition, AD transgenics had an increased expression of tau, phosphorylated-tau and amyloid precursor protein in the hippocampus. tDCS did not improve behavioural deficits or mitigated the development of AD neuropathology in 3xTg animals. In summary, we found that tDCS at the settings selected in our study was largely ineffective in improving memory performance or altering the expression of AD pathological hallmarks in a validated mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gondard
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Cassol
- Medical School, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anvari SS, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Effects of Acute and Subchronic Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Morphine-Induced Responses in Hotplate Apparatus. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1157. [PMID: 34466466 PMCID: PMC8343709 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The endogenous opioid system plays a basic role in pain suppression. The opiate analgesia is the most powerful and useful technique for reducing severe pain in many medical conditions. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulator technique by which the cerebral cortex is stimulated with a weak and constant electrical current by the painless and non-invasive method. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we investigated the effect of tDCS on morphine (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg)-induced pain responses; as we applied left prefrontal anodal stimulation with 0.2 mA intensity and 20 minutes. Results: our results revealed that the acute (One-time electrical stimulation 24 hours after the last administration of morphine three days) and subchronic (three times electrical stimulation; one session/day before each administration of morphine three days) left prefrontal anodal tDCS does not alter pain perception induced by different dose of morphine significantly. Conclusion: Finally, our data indicated that there is no potentiated effect between acute tDCS or subchronic tDCS and morphine administration with tested parameters significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence to: Mohammad Nasehi, Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, CNRC, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Telephone Number: +9821-99881118-20 Email Address:
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation compared to standard bupropion for the treatment of tobacco dependence: A randomized sham-controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 2019; 60:41-48. [PMID: 31100611 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for smoking cessation are not effective for most smokers. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on smoking cessation. METHODS In this randomized, sham-controlled trial study, tobacco-dependent (by DSM-5) male participants were recruited from the general public invitation. Participants were randomly allocated to 5 groups; (A), treatment with 300 mg bupropion for 8 weeks; (B), active tDCS (20 sessions for 4 weeks); (C), sham for group B ; (D), active tDCS (20 sessions for 12 weeks), and (E), sham for group D. The electrode montage was anode F3 and cathode F4. Study outcomes include salivary cotinine, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, and smoked cigarette per day, were examined on three time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variances and the generalized estimation equation (GEE) model were employed for data analysis. RESULTS Among 210 volunteers, 170 participants completed the study. Mean age of participants was 42.9 years, ranging from 21 to 64 years. The 6-month point abstinence rates in groups A, B and D were 20%, 7% and 25.7%, and in C, D sham groups were 3.1% and 3% respectively. Results of the GEE model showed that although group D was not different from group A in abstinence rate, i.e., salivary cotinine >4 (p = 0.266), nicotine dependency by Fagerstrom test was lower in this group compared to group A (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The 12-week tDCS had a clinically good therapeutic effect on smoking cessation and its dependency. It may be a substitute for bupropion treatment.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The study of addiction and impulsion control disorders has shown that behaviors of seeking and consumption of addictive substances are subserved by neurobiological alterations specifically related to brain networks for reward, stress, and executive control, representing the brain's adaptation to the continued use of an addictive substance. In parallel, studies using neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have demonstrated promising effects in modulating cognitive and motor functions. This review aims to describe the neurobiology of addiction and some of the most relevant cognitive models of addictive behavior and to clarify how tDCS application modulates the intake and craving for several addictive substances, such as food, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, and cannabis. We also discuss the positive and null outcomes of the use of this neuromodulatory technique in the treatment of addiction disorders resulting from the use of these substances. The reviewed findings lead us to conclude that tDCS interventions hold several promising clinical avenues in addiction and impulsive control. However, methodological investigations are necessary for undercover optimal parameters before implementing its clinical application.
Collapse
|
19
|
Leffa DT, Bellaver B, Salvi AA, de Oliveira C, Caumo W, Grevet EH, Fregni F, Quincozes-Santos A, Rohde LA, Torres IL. Transcranial direct current stimulation improves long-term memory deficits in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and modulates oxidative and inflammatory parameters. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
20
|
Sánchez-León CA, Ammann C, Medina JF, Márquez-Ruiz J. Using animal models to improve the design and application of transcranial electrical stimulation in humans. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2018; 5:125-135. [PMID: 30013890 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-018-0149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is a non-invasive stimulation technique used for modulating brain function in humans. To help tES reach its full therapeutic potential, it is necessary to address a number of critical gaps in our knowledge. Here, we review studies that have taken advantage of animal models to provide invaluable insight about the basic science behind tES. Recent Findings Animal studies are playing a key role in elucidating the mechanisms implicated in tES, defining safety limits, validating computational models, inspiring new stimulation protocols, enhancing brain function and exploring new therapeutic applications. Summary Animal models provide a wealth of information that can facilitate the successful utilization of tES for clinical interventions in human subjects. To this end, tES experiments in animals should be carefully designed to maximize opportunities for applying discoveries to the treatment of human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Ammann
- CINAC, University Hospital HM Puerta del Sur, CEU - San Pablo University, 28938-Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier F Medina
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Márquez-Ruiz
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013-Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bikson M, Paneri B, Mourdoukoutas A, Esmaeilpour Z, Badran BW, Azzam R, Adair D, Datta A, Fang XH, Wingeier B, Chao D, Alonso-Alonso M, Lee K, Knotkova H, Woods AJ, Hagedorn D, Jeffery D, Giordano J, Tyler WJ. Limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (LOTES-2017): Engineering principles, regulatory statutes, and industry standards for wellness, over-the-counter, or prescription devices with low risk. Brain Stimul 2017; 11:134-157. [PMID: 29122535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We present device standards for low-power non-invasive electrical brain stimulation devices classified as limited output transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). Emerging applications of limited output tES to modulate brain function span techniques to stimulate brain or nerve structures, including transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS), have engendered discussion on how access to technology should be regulated. In regards to legal regulations and manufacturing standards for comparable technologies, a comprehensive framework already exists, including quality systems (QS), risk management, and (inter)national electrotechnical standards (IEC). In Part 1, relevant statutes are described for medical and wellness application. While agencies overseeing medical devices have broad jurisdiction, enforcement typically focuses on those devices with medical claims or posing significant risk. Consumer protections regarding responsible marketing and manufacture apply regardless. In Part 2 of this paper, we classify the electrical output performance of devices cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) including over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription electrostimulation devices, devices available for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes, and devices indicated for stimulation of the body or head. Examples include iontophoresis devices, powered muscle stimulators (PMS), cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices. Spanning over 13 FDA product codes, more than 1200 electrical stimulators have been cleared for marketing since 1977. The output characteristics of conventional tDCS, tACS, and tPCS techniques are well below those of most FDA cleared devices, including devices that are available OTC and those intended for stimulation on the head. This engineering analysis demonstrates that with regard to output performance and standing regulation, the availability of tDCS, tACS, or tPCS to the public would not introduce risk, provided such devices are responsibly manufactured and legally marketed. In Part 3, we develop voluntary manufacturer guidance for limited output tES that is aligned with current regulatory standards. Based on established medical engineering and scientific principles, we outline a robust and transparent technical framework for ensuring limited output tES devices are designed to minimize risks, while also supporting access and innovation. Alongside applicable medical and government activities, this voluntary industry standard (LOTES-2017) further serves an important role in supporting informed decisions by the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marom Bikson
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Bhaskar Paneri
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Andoni Mourdoukoutas
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Zeinab Esmaeilpour
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Bashar W Badran
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA; Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Devin Adair
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Xiao Hui Fang
- The City College of New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Daniel Chao
- Halo Neuroscience Inc., San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Harvard Medical School, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiwon Lee
- Ybrain Inc., Sampyeong-dong, Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Helena Knotkova
- MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, New York, NY, USA; Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA
| | | | | | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William J Tyler
- Arizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eliwa H, Belzung C, Surget A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Is it the alpha and omega of antidepressant action? Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
23
|
Pedron S, Beverley J, Haffen E, Andrieu P, Steiner H, Van Waes V. Transcranial direct current stimulation produces long-lasting attenuation of cocaine-induced behavioral responses and gene regulation in corticostriatal circuits. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1267-1278. [PMID: 27265728 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method to modulate cortical excitability. This technique is a promising emerging tool to treat several neuropathologies, including addiction. We have previously shown in mice that repeated tDCS normalizes pathological behaviors associated with chronic nicotine exposure. Here, we evaluated, in adult female mice, the impact of tDCS on cocaine-induced behavior and gene regulation in corticostriatal circuits implicated in psychostimulant addiction. Anodal tDCS was applied transcranially over the frontal cortex. Three weeks after repeated tDCS, we investigated the induction of a gene expression marker (Zif268) by cocaine (25 mg/kg) in 26 cortical and 23 striatal regions using in situ hybridization histochemistry. We also assessed place preference conditioning by cocaine (5, 10 and 25 mg/kg). tDCS pretreatment increased basal expression and attenuated cocaine (25 mg/kg)-induced expression of Zif268 in specific corticostriatal circuits. Cocaine-induced locomotor activation (25 mg/kg) and place preference conditioning (5 and 25 mg/kg) were also reduced. These results demonstrate that tDCS can attenuate molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine for several weeks. Together, our findings provide pre-clinical evidence that such electrical brain stimulation may be useful to modify the psychostimulant addiction risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Pedron
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234, COMUE Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; France
| | - Joel Beverley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234, COMUE Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; France
- INSERM CIC-IT 808 Clinical Investigation Centre for Innovative Technology; University Hospital of Besançon; France
| | - Patrice Andrieu
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234, COMUE Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; France
| | - Heinz Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School; Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science; North Chicago IL USA
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience; University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234, COMUE Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nasehi M, Khani-Abyaneh M, Ebrahimi-Ghiri M, Zarrindast MR. The effect of left frontal transcranial direct-current stimulation on propranolol-induced fear memory acquisition and consolidation deficits. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:76-83. [PMID: 28472633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in modulating numerous cognitive functions. Despite the fact that tDCS has been used for the enhancement of memory and cognition, very few animal studies have addressed its impact on the modulation of fear memory. This study was designed to determine whether pre/post-training frontal tDCS application would alter fear memory acquisition and/or consolidation deficits induced by propranolol in NMRI mice. Results indicated that administration of β1-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol (0.1mg/kg) impaired fear memory retrieval. Pre/post-training application of anodal tDCS when propranolol was administered prior to training reversed contextual memory retrieval whereas only the anodal application prior to training could induce the same result in the auditory test. Meanwhile, anodal stimulation had no effect on fear memories by itself. Moreover, regardless of when cathode was applied and propranolol administered, their combination restored contextual memory retrieval, while only cathodal stimulation prior to training facilitated the contextual memory retrieval. Also, auditory memory retrieval was restored when cathodal stimulation and propranolol occurred prior to training but it was abolished when stimulation occurred after training and propranolol was administered prior to training. Collectively, our findings show that tDCS applied on the left frontal cortex of mice affects fear memory performance. This alteration seems to be task-dependent and varies depending on the nature and timing of the stimulation. In certain conditions, tDCS reverses the effect of propranolol. These results provide initial evidence to support the timely use of tDCS for the modulation of fear-related memories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Khani-Abyaneh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran; Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gould TD, Georgiou P, Brenner LA, Brundin L, Can A, Courtet P, Donaldson ZR, Dwivedi Y, Guillaume S, Gottesman II, Kanekar S, Lowry CA, Renshaw PF, Rujescu D, Smith EG, Turecki G, Zanos P, Zarate CA, Zunszain PA, Postolache TT. Animal models to improve our understanding and treatment of suicidal behavior. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1092. [PMID: 28398339 PMCID: PMC5416692 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, suicide is a leading cause of death. Although a sizable proportion of deaths by suicide may be preventable, it is well documented that despite major governmental and international investments in research, education and clinical practice suicide rates have not diminished and are even increasing among several at-risk populations. Although nonhuman animals do not engage in suicidal behavior amenable to translational studies, we argue that animal model systems are necessary to investigate candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behavior and the neurobiology underlying these endophenotypes. Animal models are similarly a critical resource to help delineate treatment targets and pharmacological means to improve our ability to manage the risk of suicide. In particular, certain pathophysiological pathways to suicidal behavior, including stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter system abnormalities, endocrine and neuroimmune changes, aggression, impulsivity and decision-making deficits, as well as the role of critical interactions between genetic and epigenetic factors, development and environmental risk factors can be modeled in laboratory animals. We broadly describe human biological findings, as well as protective effects of medications such as lithium, clozapine, and ketamine associated with modifying risk of engaging in suicidal behavior that are readily translatable to animal models. Endophenotypes of suicidal behavior, studied in animal models, are further useful for moving observed associations with harmful environmental factors (for example, childhood adversity, mechanical trauma aeroallergens, pathogens, inflammation triggers) from association to causation, and developing preventative strategies. Further study in animals will contribute to a more informed, comprehensive, accelerated and ultimately impactful suicide research portfolio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Georgiou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L A Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - A Can
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Z R Donaldson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Y Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier, Inserm U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - I I Gottesman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Kanekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - C A Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P F Renshaw
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - E G Smith
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - G Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P A Zunszain
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T T Postolache
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, CO, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
- VISN 5 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Peanlikhit T, Van Waes V, Pedron S, Risold PY, Haffen E, Etiévant A, Monnin J. The antidepressant-like effect of tDCS in mice: A behavioral and neurobiological characterization. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:748-756. [PMID: 28416160 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method increasingly popular for the treatment of several brain disorders, such as major depression. Despite great enthusiasm and promising results, some studies report discrepant findings and no consensus exists for the clinical use of tDCS. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to (i) determine the most effective stimulation parameters to optimize antidepressant-like effect of tDCS in the forced-swim test in mice and (ii) identify brain regions recruited by tDCS and possibly involved in its behavioral effect using Fos immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We reported that tDCS induced long-lasting antidepressant-like effect, which varied as a function of stimulation settings including number, duration, intensity and polarity of stimulation. Interestingly, the present study also demonstrated that tDCS reduced depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic corticosterone exposure. Furthermore, behavioral outcomes induced by a single stimulation were associated with neuronal activation in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus, ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, whereas no overexpression of c-fos was associated with 10 stimulations. CONCLUSION The strongest behavioral response was observed with an anodal stimulation of 200 μA during 20min. The repetition of this stimulation was necessary to induce long-lasting behavioral effects that are probably associated with plastic changes in the neuronal response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanat Peanlikhit
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Solène Pedron
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Service de Psychiatrie, CHRU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, France.
| | - Adeline Etiévant
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Service de Psychiatrie, CHRU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Julie Monnin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences intégratives et cliniques, EA 481, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Service de Psychiatrie, CHRU Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC1431, Inserm, CHRU Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Manteghi F, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Precondition of right frontal region with anodal tDCS can restore the fear memory impairment induced by ACPA in male mice. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1-13. [PMID: 28337114 PMCID: PMC5318674 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fear memory and learning cause behavioural patterns such as fight or flight responses, which increase survival probability, but unfit processing of fear memory and learning can lead to maladaptive behaviours and maladies such as phobias, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and anxiety disorders. The growing prevalence of these maladies shows the need to quest novel methods for their treatment. We used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the right frontal region as a precondition neuromodulator and arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA), a selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist, as a fear memory impairing agent to assess their effects on contextual and auditory fear conditioning (reliable model for fear studies). Right frontal anodal tDCS (0.2 mA for. 20 minutes) 24 hours before the train did not alter contextual and auditory learning and memory in short-term (24 hrs after the training phase). Moreover, intraperitoneal pre-train injection of ACPA (0.1 mg/kg) alone, decreased both contextual and auditory learning and memory in short- but not long-term. Right frontal anodal tDCS improved short-term contextual fear memory in subthreshold doses of ACPA. On the other hand, right frontal anodal tDCS in long-term improved (lower doses of ACPA) and restored (higher doses of ACPA) both fear memories. These findings showed that, aforementioned approach could cause durable learning and memory improvements. Also this combined modality could be useful for fear extinction training and maladies which inflict amnesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Transcriptomic Modification in the Cerebral Cortex following Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: RNA-Sequencing Approach. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5942980. [PMID: 28119786 PMCID: PMC5227175 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5942980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to modulate neuroplasticity. Beneficial effects are observed in patients with psychiatric disorders and enhancement of brain performance in healthy individuals has been observed following tDCS. However, few studies have attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of tDCS in the brain. This study was conducted to assess the impact of tDCS on gene expression within the rat cerebral cortex. Anodal tDCS was applied at 3 different intensities followed by RNA-sequencing and analysis. In each current intensity, approximately 1,000 genes demonstrated statistically significant differences compared to the sham group. A variety of functional pathways, biological processes, and molecular categories were found to be modified by tDCS. The impact of tDCS on gene expression was dependent on current intensity. Results show that inflammatory pathways, antidepressant-related pathways (GTP signaling, calcium ion binding, and transmembrane/signal peptide pathways), and receptor signaling pathways (serotonergic, adrenergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, and glutamate) were most affected. Of the gene expression profiles induced by tDCS, some changes were observed across multiple current intensities while other changes were unique to a single stimulation intensity. This study demonstrates that tDCS can modify the expression profile of various genes in the cerebral cortex and that these tDCS-induced alterations are dependent on the current intensity applied.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jackson MP, Rahman A, Lafon B, Kronberg G, Ling D, Parra LC, Bikson M. Animal models of transcranial direct current stimulation: Methods and mechanisms. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:3425-3454. [PMID: 27693941 PMCID: PMC5083183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize the contribution of animal research using direct current stimulation (DCS) to our understanding of the physiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We comprehensively address experimental methodology in animal studies, broadly classified as: (1) transcranial stimulation; (2) direct cortical stimulation in vivo and (3) in vitro models. In each case advantages and disadvantages for translational research are discussed including dose translation and the overarching "quasi-uniform" assumption, which underpins translational relevance in all animal models of tDCS. Terminology such as anode, cathode, inward current, outward current, current density, electric field, and uniform are defined. Though we put key animal experiments spanning decades in perspective, our goal is not simply an exhaustive cataloging of relevant animal studies, but rather to put them in context of ongoing efforts to improve tDCS. Cellular targets, including excitatory neuronal somas, dendrites, axons, interneurons, glial cells, and endothelial cells are considered. We emphasize neurons are always depolarized and hyperpolarized such that effects of DCS on neuronal excitability can only be evaluated within subcellular regions of the neuron. Findings from animal studies on the effects of DCS on plasticity (LTP/LTD) and network oscillations are reviewed extensively. Any endogenous phenomena dependent on membrane potential changes are, in theory, susceptible to modulation by DCS. The relevance of morphological changes (galvanotropy) to tDCS is also considered, as we suggest microscopic migration of axon terminals or dendritic spines may be relevant during tDCS. A majority of clinical studies using tDCS employ a simplistic dose strategy where excitability is singularly increased or decreased under the anode and cathode, respectively. We discuss how this strategy, itself based on classic animal studies, cannot account for the complexity of normal and pathological brain function, and how recent studies have already indicated more sophisticated approaches are necessary. One tDCS theory regarding "functional targeting" suggests the specificity of tDCS effects are possible by modulating ongoing function (plasticity). Use of animal models of disease are summarized including pain, movement disorders, stroke, and epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Asif Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Belen Lafon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Kronberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucas C Parra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of The City University of New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Perry CJ, Lawrence AJ. Addiction, cognitive decline and therapy: seeking ways to escape a vicious cycle. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2016; 16:205-218. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Perry
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Lawrence
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Melbourne VIC Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vance DE, Fazeli PL, Cody SL, Bell TR, Pope CN. A Description and Critical Analysis of the Therapeutic Uses of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Implications for Clinical Practice and Research. NURSING: RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2016; 6:23-31. [PMID: 27738595 DOI: 10.2147/nrr.s115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, since the advent of harnessing magnetic and electrical energies, humans have been applying such energies to various body parts, including the brain, with the goal of improving health. Advancements over the past two decades in the production and affordability of such devices that precisely deliver such energies have resulted in novel therapeutic uses. One technique in particular, transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), uses electrodes placed on the scalp to deliver a low electrical current to various areas on the surface of the neocortex. Such electrical currents stimulate neurons, which depending on the area of the neocortex it is applied and certain stimulation parameters, can either excite or inhibit certain functions within the brain that may result in alterations in mood, cognition, and behavior. This article provides an overview of this approach, explains how it is used, describes the hypothesized neurobiomechanisms involved, and explores its therapeutic potential. From this overview, implications for nursing practice and innovative uses for nursing research are posited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E Vance
- Professor, School of Nursing, Room 2M024, 1701 University Boulevard, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294-1210; Office, 205-934-7589; Fax, 205-996-7183
| | - Pariya L Fazeli
- Assistant Professor, School of Nursing School of Nursing Building, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, Office: 205-934-4418
| | - Shameka L Cody
- PhD Student, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Nursing, Room 1020P, 1701 University Boulevard, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294-1210, Office: 205-996-9457
| | - Tyler R Bell
- Pre-Doctoral Graduate Student, Lifespan Developmental Psychology Program, Department of Psychology, 924 19th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210; Office, 205-996-9465; Fax, 205
| | - Caitlin Northcutt Pope
- PhD Student, Department of Psychology, CH 415, 1530 3 Avenue South, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, 35291-1170
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation boosts synaptic plasticity and memory in mice via epigenetic regulation of Bdnf expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22180. [PMID: 26908001 PMCID: PMC4764914 DOI: 10.1038/srep22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet largely unknown. Here we report that mice subjected to 20-min anodal tDCS exhibited one-week lasting increases in hippocampal LTP, learning and memory. These effects were associated with enhanced: i) acetylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) promoter I; ii) expression of Bdnf exons I and IX; iii) Bdnf protein levels. The hippocampi of stimulated mice also exhibited enhanced CREB phosphorylation, pCREB binding to Bdnf promoter I and recruitment of CBP on the same regulatory sequence. Inhibition of acetylation and blockade of TrkB receptors hindered tDCS effects at molecular, electrophysiological and behavioral levels. Collectively, our findings suggest that anodal tDCS increases hippocampal LTP and memory via chromatin remodeling of Bdnf regulatory sequences leading to increased expression of this gene, and support the therapeutic potential of tDCS for brain diseases associated with impaired neuroplasticity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Leffa DT, de Souza A, Scarabelot VL, Medeiros LF, de Oliveira C, Grevet EH, Caumo W, de Souza DO, Rohde LAP, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation improves short-term memory in an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:368-377. [PMID: 26792443 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by impairing levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. However, different meta-analyses have reported disruptions in short and long-term memory in ADHD patients. Previous studies indicate that mnemonic dysfunctions might be the result of deficits in attentional circuits, probably due to ineffective dopaminergic modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. In this study we aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of a neuromodulatory technique, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), in short-term memory (STM) deficits presented by the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), the most widely used animal model of ADHD. Adult male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to a constant electrical current of 0.5 mA intensity applied on the frontal cortex for 20 min/day during 8 days. STM was evaluated with an object recognition test conducted in an open field. Exploration time and locomotion were recorded, and brain regions were dissected to determine dopamine and BDNF levels. SHR spent less time exploring the new object when compared to WKY, and tDCS improved object recognition deficits in SHR without affecting WKY performance. Locomotor activity was higher in SHR and it was not affected by tDCS. After stimulation, dopamine levels were increased in the hippocampus and striatum of both strains, while BDNF levels were increased only in the striatum of WKY. These findings suggest that tDCS on the frontal cortex might be able to improve STM deficits present in SHR, which is potentially related to dopaminergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus and striatum of those animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Biochemistry Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carla de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Horacio Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo Onofre de Souza
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil; National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies-Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Enokibara M, Trevizol A, Shiozawa P, Cordeiro Q. Establishing an effective TMS protocol for craving in substance addiction: Is it possible? Am J Addict 2015; 25:28-30. [PMID: 26692110 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool with known therapeutic efficacy in various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, mania, and anxiety disorders. We hereby, briefly present a brief review and meta-analysis on the use of TMS for craving in substance addiction. METHODS We present our brief review and meta-analysis following the recommendations of the Cochrane group. A total of eight randomized controlled trials fulfilled eligibility criteria and were selected. A total of 199 patients were studied. RESULTS We found active stimulation to be superior than sham protocols only for trials focused on right DLPFC (with Hedge's g = 1.48; ES (95%CI: 0.126-2.834), p = 0.032. DISCUSSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Main meta-analysis limitations include small number of studies, high heterogeneity among studies, and high publication bias. However challenging, our exploratory analysis underscored the amelioration of craving in substance addiction for trials using high frequency TMS protocols over the right DLPFC. We hereby, propose the use of this particular TMS protocol as a promising tool in clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mailu Enokibara
- Clinical Neuromodulation Laboratory-Santa Casa School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson Trevizol
- Clinical Neuromodulation Laboratory-Santa Casa School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Shiozawa
- Clinical Neuromodulation Laboratory-Santa Casa School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Clinical Neuromodulation Laboratory-Santa Casa School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hone-Blanchet A, Ciraulo DA, Pascual-Leone A, Fecteau S. Noninvasive brain stimulation to suppress craving in substance use disorders: Review of human evidence and methodological considerations for future work. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:184-200. [PMID: 26449761 PMCID: PMC5365234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) can be viewed as a pathology of neuroadaptation. The pharmacological overstimulation of neural mechanisms of reward, motivated learning and memory leads to drug-seeking behavior. A critical characteristic of SUDs is the appearance of craving, the motivated desire and urge to use, which is a main focus of current pharmacological and behavioral therapies. Recent proof-of-concept studies have tested the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation on craving. Although its mechanisms of action are not fully understood, this approach shows interesting potential in tuning down craving and possibly consumption of diverse substances. This article reviews available results on the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) in SUDs, specifically tobacco, alcohol and psychostimulant use disorders. We discuss several important factors that need to be addressed in future works to improve clinical assessment and effects of noninvasive brain stimulation in SUDs. Factors discussed include brain stimulation devices and parameters, study designs, brain states and subjects' characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Hone-Blanchet
- Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroplasticity, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Domenic A Ciraulo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Translational Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroplasticity, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Translational Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yavari F, Shahbabaie A, Leite J, Carvalho S, Ekhtiari H, Fregni F. Noninvasive brain stimulation for addiction medicine: From monitoring to modulation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 224:371-99. [PMID: 26822367 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease with significant economical and medical burden on the societies but with limited effectiveness in the available treatment options. Better understanding of the chemical, neuronal, regional, and network alterations of the brain due to drug abuse can ultimately lead to tailoring individualized and more effective interventions. To this end, employing new assessment and intervention procedures seems crucial. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulations (tES and TMS) have provided promising opportunities for the addiction medicine in two main domains: (1) providing new insights into neurochemical and neural circuit changes in the human brain cortex and (2) understanding the role of different brain regions by using NIBS and modulating cognitive functions, such as drug craving, risky decision making, inhibitory control and executive functions to obtain specific treatment outcomes. In spite of preliminary positive results, there are several open questions, which need to be addressed before routine clinical utilization of NIBS techniques in addiction to medicine, such as how to account for interindividual differences, define optimal cognitive and neural targets, optimize stimulation protocols, and integrate NIBS with other therapeutic methods. Therefore, in this chapter we revise the available literature on the use of NIBS (TMS and tES) in the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of the addiction medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Yavari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahbabaie
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jorge Leite
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, CIPsi, School of Psychology (EPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hamed Ekhtiari
- Neurocognitive Laboratory, Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Translational Neuroscience Program, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging (RCMCI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Non-invasive Human Brain Stimulation in Cognitive Neuroscience: A Primer. Neuron 2015; 87:932-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Gaalema DE, Miller ME, Tidey JW. Predicted Impact of Nicotine Reduction on Smokers with Affective Disorders. TOB REGUL SCI 2015; 1:154-165. [PMID: 26236765 PMCID: PMC4517852 DOI: 10.18001/trs.1.2.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2009 the FDA acquired the authority to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes if appropriate for public health, prompting research to evaluate the implications of this policy scientifically. Studies in non-psychiatric populations show that reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to non-addictive levels reduces smoking rates and nicotine dependence. However, few studies have examined this hypothesis in vulnerable populations. METHODS In this narrative review we examined the extant literature on the effects of nicotine reduction or cessation on symptoms of withdrawal, as well as psychiatric symptoms, among those with affective disorders. RESULTS Following initial withdrawal from nicotine, smokers with affective disorders experience more severe mood disruption than smokers without these disorders. Use of very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes during abstinence may help mitigate the mood-disrupting effects of initial abstinence. Once the initial effects of nicotine withdrawal on mood have passed, longer-term abstinence is associated with psychiatric improvement rather than worsening. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that if a national nicotine reduction policy were to be implemented, smokers with affective disorders would need additional support to overcome initial withdrawal but that long-term outcomes would likely be positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diann E Gaalema
- Vermont Center of Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Mollie E Miller
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University, Providence RI
| | - Jennifer W Tidey
- Center for Alcohol and Addictions Studies, Brown University, Providence RI
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Viswanath H, Velasquez KM, Thompson-Lake DGY, Savjani R, Carter AQ, Eagleman D, Baldwin PR, De La Garza R, Salas R. Alterations in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity are associated with tobacco smoking in humans. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:116. [PMID: 25805986 PMCID: PMC4353249 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity correlates with several neurologic and psychiatric conditions, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and stroke. Abnormal interhemispheric functional connectivity also correlates with abuse of cannabis and cocaine. In the current report, we evaluated whether tobacco abuse (i.e., cigarette smoking) is associated with altered interhemispheric connectivity. To that end, we examined resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in short term tobacco deprived and smoking as usual tobacco smokers, and in non-smoker controls. Additionally, we compared diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the same subjects to study differences in white matter. The data reveal a significant increase in interhemispheric functional connectivity in sated tobacco smokers when compared to controls. This difference was larger in frontal regions, and was positively correlated with the average number of cigarettes smoked per day. In addition, we found a negative correlation between the number of DTI streamlines in the genual corpus callosum and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Taken together, our results implicate changes in interhemispheric functional and anatomical connectivity in current cigarette smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humsini Viswanath
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenia M Velasquez
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ricky Savjani
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Asasia Q Carter
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Eagleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip R Baldwin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard De La Garza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pelletier SJ, Cicchetti F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence from in vitro and in vivo models. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu047. [PMID: 25522391 PMCID: PMC4368894 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation is a noninvasive technique that has been experimentally tested for a number of psychiatric and neurological conditions. Preliminary observations suggest that this approach can indeed influence a number of cellular and molecular pathways that may be disease relevant. However, the mechanisms of action underlying its beneficial effects are largely unknown and need to be better understood to allow this therapy to be used optimally. In this review, we summarize the physiological responses observed in vitro and in vivo, with a particular emphasis on cellular and molecular cascades associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neuroplasticity recruited by direct current stimulation, a topic that has been largely neglected in the literature. A better understanding of the neural responses to transcranial direct current stimulation is critical if this therapy is to be used in large-scale clinical trials with a view of being routinely offered to patients suffering from various conditions affecting the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Axe Neuroscience, Québec, QC, Canada (Mr Pelletier and Dr Cicchetti); Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Mr Pelletier and Dr Cicchetti).
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bennabi D, Pedron S, Haffen E, Monnin J, Peterschmitt Y, Van Waes V. Transcranial direct current stimulation for memory enhancement: from clinical research to animal models. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:159. [PMID: 25237299 PMCID: PMC4154388 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for new brain-enhancing technologies to improve mental performance, both for patients with cognitive disorders and for healthy individuals. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive, painless, and easy to use neuromodulatory technique that can improve performance on a variety of cognitive tasks in humans despite its exact mode of action remains unclear. We have conducted a mini-review of the literature to first briefly summarize the growing amount of data from clinical trials assessing the efficacy of tDCS, focusing exclusively on learning and memory performances in healthy human subjects and in patients with depression, schizophrenia, and other neurological disorders. We then discuss these findings in the context of the strikingly few studies resulting from animal research. Finally, we highlight future directions and limitations in this field and emphasize the need to develop translational studies to better understand how tDCS improves memory, a necessary condition before it can be used as a therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Djamila Bennabi
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France
| | - Solène Pedron
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France ; INSERM CIC-IT 808 Clinical Investigation Centre for Innovative Technology, University Hospital of Besançon Besançon, France
| | - Julie Monnin
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France ; INSERM CIC-IT 808 Clinical Investigation Centre for Innovative Technology, University Hospital of Besançon Besançon, France
| | - Yvan Peterschmitt
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Van Waes
- EA 481 Laboratory of Integrative and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Franche-Comté/SFR FED 4234 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|