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Escobedo A, Holloway SA, Votoupal M, Cone AL, Skelton H, Legaria AA, Ndiokho I, Floyd T, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Norris AJ. Glutamatergic supramammillary nucleus neurons respond to threatening stressors and promote active coping. eLife 2024; 12:RP90972. [PMID: 38829200 PMCID: PMC11147510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Threat-response neural circuits are conserved across species and play roles in normal behavior and psychiatric diseases. Maladaptive changes in these neural circuits contribute to stress, mood, and anxiety disorders. Active coping in response to stressors is a psychosocial factor associated with resilience against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry underlying active coping is poorly understood, but the functioning of these circuits could be key for overcoming anxiety and related disorders. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has been suggested to be engaged by threat. SuM has many projections and a poorly understood diversity of neural populations. In studies using mice, we identified a unique population of glutamatergic SuM neurons (SuMVGLUT2+::POA) based on projection to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and found SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons have extensive arborizations. SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons project to brain areas that mediate features of the stress and threat responses including the paraventricular nucleus thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and habenula (Hb). Thus, SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are positioned as a hub, connecting to areas implicated in regulating stress responses. Here we report SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are recruited by diverse threatening stressors, and recruitment correlated with active coping behaviors. We found that selective photoactivation of the SuMVGLUT2+::POA population drove aversion but not anxiety like behaviors. Activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons in the absence of acute stressors evoked active coping like behaviors and drove instrumental behavior. Also, activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons was sufficient to convert passive coping strategies to active behaviors during acute stress. In contrast, we found activation of GABAergic (VGAT+) SuM neurons (SuMVGAT+) neurons did not alter drive aversion or active coping, but termination of photostimulation was followed by increased mobility in the forced swim test. These findings establish a new node in stress response circuitry that has projections to many brain areas and evokes flexible active coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Escobedo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Salli-Ann Holloway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Megan Votoupal
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Aaron L Cone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Hannah Skelton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Alex A Legaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Imeh Ndiokho
- Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Tasheia Floyd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Aaron J Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
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Wojick JA, Paranjapye A, Chiu JK, Mahmood M, Oswell C, Kimmey BA, Wooldridge LM, McCall NM, Han A, Ejoh LL, Chehimi SN, Crist RC, Reiner BC, Korb E, Corder G. A nociceptive amygdala-striatal pathway for chronic pain aversion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579947. [PMID: 38405972 PMCID: PMC10888915 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is essential for assigning positive or negative valence to sensory stimuli. Noxious stimuli that cause pain are encoded by an ensemble of nociceptive BLA projection neurons (BLAnoci ensemble). However, the role of the BLAnoci ensemble in mediating behavior changes and the molecular signatures and downstream targets distinguishing this ensemble remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the same BLAnoci ensemble neurons are required for both acute and chronic neuropathic pain behavior. Using single nucleus RNA-sequencing, we characterized the effect of acute and chronic pain on the BLA and identified enrichment for genes with known functions in axonal and synaptic organization and pain perception. We thus examined the brain-wide targets of the BLAnoci ensemble and uncovered a previously undescribed nociceptive hotspot of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) that mirrors the stability and specificity of the BLAnoci ensemble and is recruited in chronic pain. Notably, BLAnoci ensemble axons transmit acute and neuropathic nociceptive information to the NAcSh, highlighting this nociceptive amygdala-striatal circuit as a unique pathway for affective-motivational responses across pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Wojick
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juliann K Chiu
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Malaika Mahmood
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corinna Oswell
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake A Kimmey
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa M Wooldridge
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nora M McCall
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alan Han
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay L Ejoh
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samar Nasser Chehimi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reiner
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Korb
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory Corder
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Neuroscience, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Salinas-Hernández XI, Zafiri D, Sigurdsson T, Duvarci S. Functional architecture of dopamine neurons driving fear extinction learning. Neuron 2023; 111:3854-3870.e5. [PMID: 37741275 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability to extinguish fear responses to stimuli that no longer predict danger is critical for adaptive behavior and increases the likelihood of survival. During fear extinction, dopamine (DA) neurons signal the absence of the expected aversive outcome, and this extinction prediction error (EPE) signal is crucial for initiating and driving extinction learning. However, the neural circuits underlying the EPE signal have remained elusive. Here, we investigate the input-output circuitry of EPE-encoding DA neurons in male mice. By employing projection-specific fiber photometry and optogenetics, we demonstrate that these neurons project to a restricted subregion of the nucleus accumbens. Comprehensive anatomical analyses, as well as projection-specific chemogenetic manipulations combined with recordings of DA biosensors, further uncover the dorsal raphe as one key input structure critical for generating the EPE signal. Together, our results reveal for the first time the functional architecture of EPE-encoding DA neurons crucial for driving fear extinction learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena I Salinas-Hernández
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daphne Zafiri
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torfi Sigurdsson
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sevil Duvarci
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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McElroy SL, Coloma PM, Berger B, Guerdjikova AI, Joyce JM, Liebowitz MR, Pain S, Rabasa C. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nivasorexant in adults with binge-eating disorder: A randomized, Phase II proof of concept trial. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:2120-2130. [PMID: 37584285 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This Phase II, placebo-controlled, double-blind study investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of nivasorexant in the treatment of adults with moderate to severe binge-eating disorder (BED). METHODS Adults meeting the DSM-5 BED criteria were randomized 1:1 to placebo or nivasorexant (100 mg b.i.d.). The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 12 in the number of binge eating (BE) days per week. Exploratory efficacy endpoints included cessation of BE in the last 4 weeks of treatment; and change from baseline to Week 12 in the number of BE episodes/week, the clinician global impression (CGI) of change, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BE, and the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-17). Key safety outcomes included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and adverse events of special interest (i.e., somnolence and fatigue). RESULTS Sixty-eight participants were randomized to each treatment arm. The change from baseline to Week 12 in the number of BE days/week was the same for placebo (least squares mean [LSM]: -2.93) and nivasorexant (LSM: -2.93), with no difference between the treatment groups (LSM difference = .000 [95% confidence interval (CI): -.69, .69], p = .9992). Furthermore, no differences between treatment groups were observed in the exploratory efficacy endpoints. Nivasorexant was well tolerated; the overall incidence of TEAEs was balanced between treatment groups, and the frequency of somnolence and fatigue in the nivasorexant group were similar to placebo. DISCUSSION In this proof-of-concept study, 100 mg b.i.d. nivasorexant did not improve BE in adults with moderate to severe BED. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The results of this Phase II study indicate that nivasorexant was well tolerated in adults with BED, but did not improve binge eating behavior over placebo. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the role of the orexin-1 receptor in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Anna I Guerdjikova
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J Mark Joyce
- Clinical Neuroscience Solutions, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael R Liebowitz
- Medical Research Network, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Pain
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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5
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Beckenstrom AC, Coloma PM, Dawson GR, Finlayson AK, Malik A, Post A, Steiner MA, Potenza MN. Use of experimental medicine approaches for the development of novel psychiatric treatments based on orexin receptor modulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105107. [PMID: 36828161 PMCID: PMC10165155 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, translation from animal models into clinical use remains a significant bottleneck. Preclinical studies have implicated the orexin neuropeptide system as a potential target for psychiatric disorders through its role in regulating emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes. Clinical studies are investigating orexin modulation in addiction and mood disorders. Here we review performance-outcome measures (POMs) arising from experimental medicine research methods which may show promise as markers of efficacy of orexin receptor modulators in humans. POMs provide objective measures of brain function, complementing patient-reported or clinician-observed symptom evaluation, and aid the translation from preclinical to clinical research. Significant challenges include the development, validation, and operationalization of these measures. We suggest that collaborative networks comprising clinical practitioners, academics, individuals working in the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulators, patients, patient advocacy groups, and other relevant stakeholders may provide infrastructure to facilitate validation of experimental medicine approaches in translational research and in the implementation of these approaches in real-world clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Beckenstrom
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK.
| | - Preciosa M Coloma
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, Allschwil 4123, Switzerland
| | - Gerard R Dawson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Ailidh K Finlayson
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Asad Malik
- P1vital Ltd, Manor House, Howbery Business Park, Wallingford OX10 8BA, UK
| | - Anke Post
- Corlieve Therapeutics, Swiss Innovation Park, Hegenheimermattweg 167A, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc N Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Room 726, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; The Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, 100 College St, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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6
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Jung C, Kim J, Choi S, Seo YK, Park KS, Choi Y, Choi SM, Kwon O, Song Y, Kim J, Cho G, Cheong C, Napadow V, Jung IC, Kim H. Attenuated facial movement in depressed women is associated with symptom severity, and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 38:103380. [PMID: 36989853 PMCID: PMC10074984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
It is assumed that mood can be inferred from one's facial expression. While this association may prove to be an objective marker for mood disorders, few studies have explicitly evaluated this linkage. The facial movement responses of women with major depressive disorder (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 46) under emotional stimuli were recorded using webcam. To boost facial movements, the naturalistic audio-visual stimuli were presented. To assess consistent global patterns across facial movements, scores for facial action units were extracted and projected onto principal component using principal component analysis. The associations of component for facial movements with functional brain circuitry was also investigated. Clusters of mouth movements, such as lip press and stretch, identified by principal component analysis, were attenuated in depressive patients compared to those in healthy controls. This component of facial movements was associated with depressive symptoms, and the strengths of resting brain functional connectivity between nucleus accumbens and both posterior insular cortex and thalamus. The evaluation of facial movements may prove to be a promising quantitative marker for assessing depressive symptoms and their underlying brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjin Jung
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sunyoung Choi
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Young Kyung Seo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Park
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngeun Choi
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Choi
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ojin Kwon
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngkyu Song
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jooyeon Kim
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Gyunggoo Cho
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Ochang Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Network, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Division of KM Science Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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7
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Sex-dependent role of orexin deficiency in feeding behavior and affective state of mice following intermittent access to a Western diet - Implications for binge-like eating behavior. Physiol Behav 2023; 260:114069. [PMID: 36572152 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating disorder is a debilitating disease characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption and associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Despite a growing body of research investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of eating disorders, specific treatments are lacking. Given its fundamental role in feeding behaviors, we investigated the role of the orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptide system in binge-like eating and associated phenotypes. Specifically, we submitted female and male orexin-deficient mice to a paradigm of intermittent access (once weekly for 24 h) to a Western diet (WD) to induce binge-like eating. Additionally, we measured their anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels. All mice showed binge-like eating in response to the intermittent WD access, but females did so to a greater extent than males. While orexin deficiency did not affect binge-like eating in this paradigm, we found that female orexin-deficient mice generally weighed more, and they expressed increased hypophagia and stress levels compared to wild-type mice following binge-like eating episodes. These detrimental effects of orexin deficiency were marginal or absent in males. Moreover, male wild-type mice expressed post-binge anxiety, but orexin-deficient mice did not. In conclusion, these results extend our knowledge of orexin's role in dysregulated eating and associated negative affective states, and contribute to the growing body of evidence indicating a sexual dimorphism of the orexin system. Considering that many human disorders, and especially eating disorders, have a strong sex bias, our findings further emphasize the importance of testing both female and male subjects.
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8
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Guo R, Vaughan DT, Rojo ALA, Huang YH. Sleep-mediated regulation of reward circuits: implications in substance use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:61-78. [PMID: 35710601 PMCID: PMC9700806 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our modern society suffers from both pervasive sleep loss and substance abuse-what may be the indications for sleep on substance use disorders (SUDs), and could sleep contribute to the individual variations in SUDs? Decades of research in sleep as well as in motivated behaviors have laid the foundation for us to begin to answer these questions. This review is intended to critically summarize the circuit, cellular, and molecular mechanisms by which sleep influences reward function, and to reveal critical challenges for future studies. The review also suggests that improving sleep quality may serve as complementary therapeutics for treating SUDs, and that formulating sleep metrics may be useful for predicting individual susceptibility to SUDs and other reward-associated psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Dylan Thomas Vaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana Lourdes Almeida Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- The Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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9
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Schuller J, Koch M. Investigating a role of orexin and ‘cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript’ in the nucleus accumbens shell in binge eating of male rats and the relationship with impulsivity. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:114000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Parsons W, Greiner E, Buczek L, Migliaccio J, Corbett E, Madden AMK, Petrovich GD. Sex differences in activation of extra-hypothalamic forebrain areas during hedonic eating. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2857-2878. [PMID: 36258044 PMCID: PMC9724631 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Palatable foods can stimulate appetite without hunger, and unconstrained overeating underlies obesity and binge eating disorder. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men but the neural causes of individual differences are unknown. In an animal model of hedonic eating, a prior study found that females were more susceptible than males to eat palatable food when sated and that the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (ORX) was crucial in both sexes. The current study examined potential extra-hypothalamic forebrain targets of ORX signaling during hedonic eating. We measured Fos induction in the cortical, thalamic, striatal, and amygdalar areas that receive substantial ORX inputs and contain their receptors in hungry and sated male and female rats during palatable (high-sucrose) food consumption. During the test, hungry rats of both sexes ate substantial amounts, and while sated males ate much less than hungry rats, sated females ate as much as hungry rats. The Fos induction analysis identified sex differences in recruitment of specific areas of the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), nucleus accumbens (ACB), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA), and similar patterns across sexes in the insular cortex. There was a striking activation of the infralimbic cortex in sated males, who consumed the least amount food and unique correlations between the insular cortex, PVT, and CEA, as well as the prelimbic cortex, ACB, and CEA in sated females but not sated males. The study identified key functional circuits that may drive hedonic eating in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Parsons
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Eliza Greiner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Laura Buczek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Jennifer Migliaccio
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Erin Corbett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Amanda M K Madden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Gorica D Petrovich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
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11
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Dunigan AI, Roseberry AG. Actions of feeding-related peptides on the mesolimbic dopamine system in regulation of natural and drug rewards. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2:100011. [PMID: 37220637 PMCID: PMC10201992 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system is the primary neural circuit mediating motivation, reinforcement, and reward-related behavior. The activity of this system and multiple behaviors controlled by it are affected by changes in feeding and body weight, such as fasting, food restriction, or the development of obesity. Multiple different peptides and hormones that have been implicated in the control of feeding and body weight interact with the mesolimbic dopamine system to regulate many different dopamine-dependent, reward-related behaviors. In this review, we summarize the effects of a selected set of feeding-related peptides and hormones acting within the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to alter feeding, as well as food, drug, and social reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I. Dunigan
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aaron G. Roseberry
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Mattar P, Uribe-Cerda S, Pezoa C, Guarnieri T, Kotz CM, Teske JA, Morselli E, Perez-Leighton C. Brain site-specific regulation of hedonic intake by orexin and DYN peptides: role of the PVN and obesity. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 25:1105-1114. [PMID: 33151127 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1840049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The orexin peptides promote hedonic intake and other reward behaviors through different brain sites. The opioid dynorphin peptides are co-released with orexin peptides but block their effects on reward in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We previously showed that in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), dynorphin and not orexin peptides enhance hedonic intake, suggesting they have brain-site-specific effects. Obesity alters the expression of orexin and dynorphin receptors, but whether their expression across different brain sites is important to hedonic intake is unclear. We hypothesized that hedonic intake is regulated by orexin and dynorphin peptides in PVN and that hedonic intake in obesity correlates with expression of their receptors. Here we show that in mice, injection of DYN-A1-13 (an opioid dynorphin peptide) in the PVN enhanced hedonic intake, whereas in the VTA, injection of OXA (orexin-A, an orexin peptide) enhanced hedonic intake. In PVN, OXA blunted the increase in hedonic intake caused by DYN-A1-13. In PVN, injection of norBNI (opioid receptor antagonist) reduced hedonic intake but a subsequent OXA injection failed to increase hedonic intake, suggesting that OXA activity in PVN is not influenced by endogenous opioid activity. In the PVN, DYN-A1-13 increased the intake of the less-preferred food in a two-food choice task. In obese mice fed a cafeteria diet, orexin 1 receptor mRNA across brain sites involved in hedonic intake correlated with fat preference but not caloric intake. Together, these data support that orexin and dynorphin peptides regulate hedonic intake in an opposing manner with brain-site-specific effects.
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Key Words
- CeA, central amygdala
- DH, dorsal hypothalamus
- DYN, dynorphin
- KOR, kappa opioid receptor
- LH, lateral hypothalamus
- NAc, nucleus accumbens
- OFC, orbitofrontal cortex
- OR, opioid receptor
- OX1R, orexin 1 receptor
- OX2R, orexin 2 receptor
- OXA, 1orexin-A
- Orexin
- PVN, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus
- PVT, paraventricular thalamic nucleus
- VH, ventral hypothalamus
- VTA, ventral tegmental area
- cafeteria diet
- dynorphin
- fat
- feeding behavior
- food choice
- hedonic intake
- hypocretin
- hypothalamus
- norBNI, nor-binaltorphimine
- obesity
- opioid receptors
- orexin 1 receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mattar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Uribe-Cerda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Pezoa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Guarnieri
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C M Kotz
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J A Teske
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - E Morselli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Perez-Leighton
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Anxiety and cognitive-related effects of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are differentially mediated through distinct GSK-3 vs. Akt-mTOR pathways in the nucleus accumbens of male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:509-524. [PMID: 34860284 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis and is responsible for cannabis-related neuropsychiatric side effects, including abnormal affective processing, cognitive and sensory filtering deficits and memory impairments. A critical neural region linked to the psychotropic effects of THC is the nucleus accumbens shell (NASh), an integrative mesocorticolimbic structure that sends and receives inputs from multiple brain areas known to be dysregulated in various disorders, including schizophrenia and anxiety-related disorders. Considerable evidence demonstrates functional differences between posterior vs. anterior NASh sub-regions in the processing of affective and cognitive behaviours influenced by THC. Nevertheless, the neuroanatomical regions and local molecular pathways responsible for these psychotropic effects are not currently understood. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to characterize the effects of intra-accumbens THC in the anterior vs. posterior regions of the NASh during emotional memory formation, sensorimotor gating and anxiety-related behaviours. METHODS We performed an integrative series of translational behavioural pharmacological studies examining anxiety, sensorimotor gating and fear-related associative memory formation combined with regionally specific molecular signalling analyses in male Sprague Dawley rats. RESULTS We report that THC in the posterior NASh causes distortions in emotional salience attribution, impaired sensory filtering and memory retention and heightened anxiety, through a glycogen-synthase-kinase-3 (GSK-3)-β-catenin dependent signalling pathway. In contrast, THC in the anterior NASh produces anxiolytic effects via modulation of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation states. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal critical new insights into the neuroanatomical and molecular mechanisms associated with the differential neuropsychiatric side effects of THC in dissociable nucleus accumbens sub-regions.
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Pantazis CB, James MH, O’Connor S, Shin N, Aston-Jones G. Orexin-1 receptor signaling in ventral tegmental area mediates cue-driven demand for cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:741-751. [PMID: 34635803 PMCID: PMC8782853 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-associated sensory cues increase motivation for drug and the orexin system is importantly involved in this stimulus-enhanced motivation. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a major target by which orexin signaling modulates reward behaviors, but it is unknown whether this circuit is necessary for cue-driven motivation for cocaine. Here, we investigated the role of VTA orexin signaling in cue-driven motivation for cocaine using a behavioral economics (BE) paradigm. We found that infusion of the orexin-1 receptor (Ox1R) antagonist SB-334867 (SB) into VTA prior to BE testing reduced motivation when animals were trained to self-administer cocaine with discrete cues and tested on BE with those cues. SB had no effect when animals were trained to self-administer cocaine without cues or tested on BE without cues, indicating that learning to associate cues with drug delivery during self-administration training was necessary for cues to recruit orexin signaling in VTA. These effects were specific to VTA, as injections of SB immediately dorsal had no effect. Moreover, intra-VTA SB did not have an impact on locomotor activity, or low- or high-effort consumption of sucrose. Finally, we microinjected a novel retrograde adeno-associated virus (AAVretro) containing an orexin-specific short hairpin RNA (OxshRNA) into VTA to knock down orexin in the hypothalamus-VTA circuit. These injections significantly reduced orexin expression in lateral hypothalamus (LH) and decreased cue-driven motivation. These studies demonstrate a role for orexin signaling in VTA, specifically when cues predict drug reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B. Pantazis
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University/Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Morgan H. James
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University/Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Unviversity, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Shayna O’Connor
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University/Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Noah Shin
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University/Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University/Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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15
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Neurobiology of the Orexin System and Its Potential Role in the Regulation of Hedonic Tone. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020150. [PMID: 35203914 PMCID: PMC8870430 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexin peptides comprise two neuropeptides, orexin A and orexin B, that bind two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) and orexin receptor 2 (OXR2). Although cell bodies that produce orexin peptides are localized in a small area comprising the lateral hypothalamus and adjacent regions, orexin-containing fibres project throughout the neuraxis. Although orexins were initially described as peptides that regulate feeding behaviour, research has shown that orexins are involved in diverse functions that range from the modulation of autonomic functions to higher cognitive functions, including reward-seeking, behaviour, attention, cognition, and mood. Furthermore, disruption in orexin signalling has been shown in mood disorders that are associated with low hedonic tone or anhedonia, including depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and addiction. Notably, projections of orexin neurons overlap circuits involved in the modulation of hedonic tone. Evidence shows that orexins may potentiate hedonic behaviours by increasing the feeling of pleasure or reward to various signalling, whereas dysregulation of orexin signalling may underlie low hedonic tone or anhedonia. Further, orexin appears to play a key role in regulating behaviours in motivationally charged situations, such as food-seeking during hunger, or drug-seeking during withdrawal. Therefore, it would be expected that dysregulation of orexin expression or signalling is associated with changes in hedonic tone. Further studies investigating this association are warranted.
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Birnie MT, Levis SC, Mahler SV, Baram TZ. Developmental Trajectories of Anhedonia in Preclinical Models. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 58:23-41. [PMID: 35156184 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter discusses how the complex concept of anhedonia can be operationalized and studied in preclinical models. It provides information about the development of anhedonia in the context of early-life adversity, and the power of preclinical models to tease out the diverse molecular, epigenetic, and network mechanisms that are responsible for anhedonia-like behaviors.Specifically, we first discuss the term anhedonia, reviewing the conceptual components underlying reward-related behaviors and distinguish anhedonia pertaining to deficits in motivational versus consummatory behaviors. We then describe the repertoire of experimental approaches employed to study anhedonia-like behaviors in preclinical models, and the progressive refinement over the past decade of both experimental instruments (e.g., chemogenetics, optogenetics) and conceptual constructs (salience, valence, conflict). We follow with an overview of the state of current knowledge of brain circuits, nodes, and projections that execute distinct aspects of hedonic-like behaviors, as well as neurotransmitters, modulators, and receptors involved in the generation of anhedonia-like behaviors. Finally, we discuss the special case of anhedonia that arises following early-life adversity as an eloquent example enabling the study of causality, mechanisms, and sex dependence of anhedonia.Together, this chapter highlights the power, potential, and limitations of using preclinical models to advance our understanding of the origin and mechanisms of anhedonia and to discover potential targets for its prevention and mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Birnie
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology and Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sophia C Levis
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology and Neurobiology/Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tallie Z Baram
- Departments of Anatomy/Neurobiology and Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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17
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The role of the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum in feeding and obesity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110394. [PMID: 34242717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global epidemic that stems from the increasing availability of highly-palatable foods and the consequent enhanced calorie consumption. Extensive research has shown that brain regions that are central to reward seeking modulate feeding and evidence linking obesity to pathology in such regions have recently started to accumulate. In this review we focus on the contribution of two major interconnected structures central to reward processing, the nucleus accumbens and the ventral pallidum, to obesity. We first review the known literature linking these structures to feeding behavior, then discuss recent advances connecting pathology in the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum to obesity, and finally examine the similarities and differences between drug addiction and obesity in the context of these two structures. The understanding of how pathology in brain regions involved in reward seeking and consumption may drive obesity and how mechanistically similar obesity and addiction are, is only now starting to be revealed. We hope that future research will advance knowledge in the field and open new avenues to studying and treating obesity.
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18
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Sleep dysregulation in binge eating disorder and "food addiction": the orexin (hypocretin) system as a potential neurobiological link. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2051-2061. [PMID: 34145404 PMCID: PMC8505614 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that binge eating reflects a pathological compulsion driven by the "addictive" properties of foods. Proponents of this argument highlight the large degree of phenomenological and diagnostic overlap between binge eating disorder (BED) and substance use disorders (SUDs), including loss of control over how much is consumed and repeated unsuccessful attempts to abstain from consumption, as well as commonalities in brain structures involved in food and drug craving. To date, very little attention has been given to an additional behavioral symptom that BED shares with SUDs-sleep dysregulation-and the extent to which this may contribute to the pathophysiology of BED. Here, we review studies examining sleep outcomes in patients with BED, which collectively point to a heightened incidence of sleep abnormalities in BED. We identify the orexin (hypocretin) system as a potential neurobiological link between compulsive eating and sleep dysregulation in BED, and provide a comprehensive update on the evidence linking this system to these processes. Finally, drawing on evidence from the SUD literature indicating that the orexin system exhibits significant plasticity in response to drugs of abuse, we hypothesize that chronic palatable food consumption likewise increases orexin system activity, resulting in dysregulated sleep/wake patterns. Poor sleep, in turn, is predicted to exacerbate binge eating, contributing to a cycle of uncontrolled food consumption. By extension, we suggest that pharmacotherapies normalizing orexin signaling, which are currently being trialed for the treatment of SUDs, might also have utility in the clinical management of BED.
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Castro DC, Oswell CS, Zhang ET, Pedersen CE, Piantadosi SC, Rossi MA, Hunker AC, Guglin A, Morón JA, Zweifel LS, Stuber GD, Bruchas MR. An endogenous opioid circuit determines state-dependent reward consumption. Nature 2021; 598:646-651. [PMID: 34646022 PMCID: PMC8858443 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04013-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
µ-Opioid peptide receptor (MOPR) stimulation alters respiration, analgesia and reward behaviour, and can induce substance abuse and overdose1-3. Despite its evident importance, the endogenous mechanisms for MOPR regulation of consummatory behaviour have remained unknown4. Here we report that endogenous MOPR regulation of reward consumption in mice acts through a specific dorsal raphe to nucleus accumbens projection. MOPR-mediated inhibition of raphe terminals is necessary and sufficient to determine consummatory response, while select enkephalin-containing nucleus accumbens ensembles are engaged prior to reward consumption, suggesting that local enkephalin release is the source of the endogenous MOPR ligand. Selective modulation of nucleus accumbens enkephalin neurons and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of enkephalin substantiate this finding. These results isolate a fundamental endogenous opioid circuit for state-dependent consumptive behaviour and suggest alternative mechanisms for opiate modulation of reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Castro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Corinna S Oswell
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric T Zhang
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian E Pedersen
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean C Piantadosi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Rossi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Avery C Hunker
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Guglin
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jose A Morón
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Garret D Stuber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Dopamine D1 receptor signalling in the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens controls dietary fat intake in male rats. Appetite 2021; 167:105597. [PMID: 34273421 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Central dopamine signaling regulates reward-related aspects of feeding behavior, and during diet-induced obesity dopamine receptor signaling is altered. Yet, the influence of dopamine signaling on the consumption of specific dietary components remains to be elucidated. We have previously shown that 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated lesions of dopamine neuron terminals in the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens promotes fat intake in rats fed a multi-component free-choice high-fat high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet. It is however not yet determined which dopamine receptors are responsible for this shift towards fat preference. In this study, we assess the effects of D1-or D2 receptor acute inhibition in the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens on fcHFHS diet consumption. We report that infusion of the D1 receptor antagonist SCH2 3390, but not the D2 receptor antagonist raclopride, promotes dietary fat consumption in male Sprague Dawley rats on a fcHFHS diet during 2 h after infusion. Furthermore, anatomical analysis of infusion sites revealed that the rostral region, but not the caudal region, of the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens is sensitive to the D1 receptor inhibition effects on fat consumption. Our data highlight a role for D1 receptors in the rostral region of the lateral shell of the nucleus accumbens to control dietary fat consumption.
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21
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Meier IM, Eikemo M, Leknes S. The Role of Mu-Opioids for Reward and Threat Processing in Humans: Bridging the Gap from Preclinical to Clinical Opioid Drug Studies. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2021; 8:306-318. [PMID: 34722114 PMCID: PMC8550464 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00366-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Opioid receptors are widely expressed in the human brain. A number of features commonly associated with drug use disorder, such as difficulties in emotional learning, emotion regulation and anhedonia, have been linked to endogenous opioid signalling. Whereas chronic substance use and misuse are thought to alter the function of the mu-opioid system, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. We argue that understanding exogenous and endogenous opioid effects in the healthy human brain is an essential foundation for bridging preclinical and clinical findings related to opioid misuse. Here, we will examine psychopharmacological evidence to outline the role of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the processing of threat and reward, and discuss how disruption of these processes by chronic opioid use might alter emotional learning and reward responsiveness. RECENT FINDINGS In healthy people, studies using opioid antagonist drugs indicate that the brain's endogenous opioids downregulate fear reactivity and upregulate learning from safety. At the same time, endogenous opioids increase the liking of and motivation to engage with high reward value cues. Studies of acute opioid agonist effects indicate that with non-sedative doses, drugs such as morphine and buprenorphine can mimic endogenous opioid effects on liking and wanting. Disruption of endogenous opioid signalling due to prolonged opioid exposure is associated with some degree of anhedonia to non-drug rewards; however, new results leave open the possibility that this is not directly opioid-mediated. SUMMARY The available human psychopharmacological evidence indicates that the healthy mu-opioid system contributes to the regulation of reward and threat processing. Overall, endogenous opioids can subtly increase liking and wanting responses to a wide variety of rewards, from sweet tastes to feelings of being connected to close others. For threat-related processing, human evidence suggests that endogenous opioids inhibit fear conditioning and reduce the sensitivity to aversive stimuli, although inconsistencies remain. The size of effects reported in healthy humans are however modest, clearly indicating that MORs play out their role in close concert with other neurotransmitter systems. Relevant candidate systems for future research include dopamine, serotonin and endocannabinoid signalling. Nevertheless, it is possible that endogenous opioid fine-tuning of reward and threat processing, when unbalanced by e.g. opioid misuse, could over time develop into symptoms associated with opioid use disorder, such as anhedonia and depression/anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell M. Meier
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Eikemo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Siri Leknes
- Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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22
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Muthmainah M, Gogos A, Sumithran P, Brown RM. Orexins (hypocretins): The intersection between homeostatic and hedonic feeding. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1473-1494. [PMID: 33608877 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides originally discovered to play a role in the regulation of feeding behaviour. The broad connections of orexin neurons to mesocorticolimbic circuitry suggest they may play a role in mediating reward-related behaviour beyond homeostatic feeding. Here, we review the role of orexin in a variety of eating-related behaviour, with a focus on reward and motivation, and the neural circuits driving these effects. One emerging finding is the involvement of orexins in hedonic and appetitive behaviour towards palatable food, in addition to their role in homeostatic feeding. This review discusses the brain circuitry and possible mechanisms underlying the role of orexins in these behaviours. Overall, there is a marked bias in the literature towards studies involving male subjects. As such, future work needs to be done to involve female subjects. In summary, orexins play an important role in driving motivation for high salient rewards such as highly palatable food and may serve as the intersection between homeostatic and hedonic feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthmainah Muthmainah
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Research Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Research Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Priya Sumithran
- Department of Medicine (Austin), University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Research Theme, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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23
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Liu R, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Xiao L, Zhou Y. Anhedonia correlates with functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens subregions in patients with major depressive disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102599. [PMID: 33662708 PMCID: PMC7930634 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important region in reward circuit that has been linked with anhedonia, which is a characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the relationship between the functional connectivity of the NAc subregions and anhedonia in MDD patients remains unclear. METHODS We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans from fifty-one subjects (23 MDD patients and 28 healthy controls). We assessed subjects' trait anhedonia with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was conducted for each of the NAc subregions (bilateral core-like and shell-like subdivisions) separately to identify regions whose rsFCs with the NAc subregions were altered in the MDD patients and regions whose rsFCs with the NAc subregions showed different correlates with anhedonia between the MDD patients and the healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with the health controls, the MDD patients showed decreased rsFCs of the right NAc core-like subdivision with the left mid-anterior orbital prefrontal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobe as well as decreased rsFC of the left NAc core-like subdivision with the right middle frontal gyrus. Moreover, the severity of anhedonia by the group interaction was significant for the rsFC of the right NAc shell-like subdivision with the subgenual/pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and the rsFC of the right NAc core-like subdivision with the precuneus. CONCLUSIONS We found that the neural correlates of anhedonia indicated by the rsFCs of the NAc subregions were modulated by depression. The modulation effect was regionally-dependent. These findings enrich our understanding of the neural basis of anhedonia in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Le Xiao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology & Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Motivational competition and the paraventricular thalamus. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:193-207. [PMID: 33609570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in understanding the behavioral and brain mechanisms for motivational systems, much less is known about competition between motivational states or motivational conflict (e.g., approach - avoidance conflict). Despite being produced under diverse conditions, behavior during motivational competition has two signatures: bistability and metastability. These signatures reveal the operation of positive feedback mechanisms in behavioral selection. Different neuronal architectures can instantiate this selection to achieve bistability and metastability in behavior, but each relies on circuit-level inhibition to achieve rapid and stable selection between competing tendencies. Paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is identified as critical to this circuit level inhibition, resolving motivational competition via its extensive projections to local inhibitory networks in the ventral striatum and extended amygdala, enabling adaptive responding under motivational conflict.
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25
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Tunisi L, D'Angelo L, Fernández-Rilo AC, Forte N, Piscitelli F, Imperatore R, de Girolamo P, Di Marzo V, Cristino L. Orexin-A/Hypocretin-1 Controls the VTA-NAc Mesolimbic Pathway via Endocannabinoid-Mediated Disinhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons in Obese Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:622405. [PMID: 33613258 PMCID: PMC7890184 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.622405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Disinhibition of orexin-A/hypocretin-1 (OX-A) release occurs to several output areas of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the brain of leptin knockout obese ob/ob mice. In this study, we have investigated whether a similar increase of OX-A release occurs to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), an orexinergic LH output area with functional effects on dopaminergic signaling at the mesolimbic circuit. By confocal and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) morphological studies coupled to molecular, biochemical, and pharmacological approaches, we investigated OX-A-mediated dopaminergic signaling at the LH-VTA-nucleus accumbens (NAc) pathway in obese ob/ob mice compared to wild-type (wt) lean littermates. We found an elevation of OX-A trafficking and release to the VTA of ob/ob mice and consequent orexin receptor-1 (OX1R)-mediated over-activation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons via phospholipase C (PLC)/diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL-α)-induced biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). In fact, by retrograde signaling to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) at inhibitory inputs to DA neurons, 2-AG inhibited GABA release thus inducing an increase in DA concentration in the VTA and NAc of ob/ob mice. This effect was prevented by the OX1R antagonist SB-334867 (30 mg/Kg, i.p.), or the CB1R antagonist AM251 (10 mg/Kg, i.p.) and mimicked by OX-A injection (40 μg/Kg, i.p.) in wt lean mice. Enhanced DA signaling to the NAc in ob/ob mice, or in OX-A-injected wt mice, was accompanied by β-arrestin2-mediated desensitization of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in a manner prevented by SB-334867 or the D2R antagonist L741 (1.5 mg/Kg, i.p.). These results further support the role of OX-A signaling in the control of neuroadaptive responses, such as compulsive reward-seeking behavior or binge-like consumption of high palatable food, and suggest that aberrant OX-A trafficking to the DA neurons in the VTA of ob/ob mice influences the D2R response at NAc, a main target area of the mesolimbic pathway, via 2-AG/CB1-mediated retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Tunisi
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alba Clara Fernández-Rilo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Forte
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Heart and Lung Research Institute of Université Laval, and Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
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26
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Dvořáček J, Kodrík D. Drosophila reward system - A summary of current knowledge. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:301-319. [PMID: 33421541 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster brain is the most extensively investigated model of a reward system in insects. Drosophila can discriminate between rewarding and punishing environmental stimuli and consequently undergo associative learning. Functional models, especially those modelling mushroom bodies, are constantly being developed using newly discovered information, adding to the complexity of creating a simple model of the reward system. This review aims to clarify whether its reward system also includes a hedonic component. Neurochemical systems that mediate the 'wanting' component of reward in the Drosophila brain are well documented, however, the systems that mediate the pleasure component of reward in mammals, including those involving the endogenous opioid and endocannabinoid systems, are unlikely to be present in insects. The mushroom body components exhibit differential developmental age and different functional processes. We propose a hypothetical hierarchy of the levels of reinforcement processing in response to particular stimuli, and the parallel processes that take place concurrently. The possible presence of activity-silencing and meta-satiety inducing levels in Drosophila should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Dvořáček
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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27
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Hwang YT, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Grunstein R, Burrell JR. Sleep and orexin: A new paradigm for understanding behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 54:101361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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28
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Lee J, Raycraft L, Johnson AW. The dynamic regulation of appetitive behavior through lateral hypothalamic orexin and melanin concentrating hormone expressing cells. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113234. [PMID: 33130035 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is a heterogeneous brain structure extensively studied for its potent role in regulating energy balance. The anatomical and molecular diversity of the LHA permits the orchestration of responses to energy sensing cues from the brain and periphery. Two of the primary cell populations within the LHA associated with integration of this information are Orexin (ORX) and Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH). While both of these non-overlapping populations exhibit orexigenic properties, the activities of these two systems support feeding behavior through contrasting mechanisms. We describe the anatomical and functional properties as well as interaction with other neuropeptides and brain reward and hedonic systems. Specific outputs relating to arousal, food seeking, feeding, and metabolism are coordinated through these mechanisms. We then discuss how both the ORX and MCH systems harmonize in a divergent yet overall cooperative manner to orchestrate feeding behavior through transitions between various appetitive states, and thus offer novel insights into LHA allostatic control of appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander W Johnson
- Department of Psychology; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
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29
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Liu Y, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Yau JOY, Willing A, Prasad AA, Power JM, Killcross S, Clifford CWG, McNally GP. The Mesolimbic Dopamine Activity Signatures of Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6409-6427. [PMID: 32669355 PMCID: PMC7424877 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system comprises distinct compartments supporting different functions in learning and motivation. Less well understood is how complex addiction-related behaviors emerge from activity patterns across these compartments. Here we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking in male rats are assembled from activity across the VTA and the nucleus accumbens. First, we used chemogenetic approaches to show a causal role for VTA TH neurons in two forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking: renewal (context-induced reinstatement) and reacquisition. Then, using gCaMP fiber photometry of VTA TH neurons, we identified medial and lateral VTA TH neuron activity profiles during self-administration, renewal, and reacquisition. Next, we used optogenetic inhibition of VTA TH neurons to show distinct causal roles for VTA subregions in distinct forms of relapse. We then used dLight fiber photometry to measure dopamine binding across the ventral striatum (medial accumbens shell, accumbens core, lateral accumbens shell) and showed complex and heterogeneous profiles of dopamine binding during self-administration and relapse. Finally, we used representational similarity analysis to identify mesolimbic dopamine signatures of self-administration, extinction, and relapse. Our results show that signatures of relapse can be identified from heterogeneous activity profiles across the mesolimbic dopamine system and that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is axiomatic that the actions of dopamine are critical to drug addiction. Yet how relapse to drug-seeking is assembled from activity across the mesolimbic dopamine system is poorly understood. Here we show how relapse to alcohol-seeking relates to activity in specific VTA and accumbens compartments, how these change for different forms of relapse, and how relapse-associated activity relates to activity during self-administration and extinction. We report the mesolimbic dopamine activity signatures for relapse and show that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Joanna Oi-Yue Yau
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexandra Willing
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Asheeta A Prasad
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John M Power
- Department of Physiology and Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simon Killcross
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Colin W G Clifford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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30
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Plasticity of the Reward Circuitry After Early-Life Adversity: Mechanisms and Significance. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:875-884. [PMID: 32081365 PMCID: PMC7211119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted operation of the reward circuitry underlies many aspects of affective disorders. Such disruption may manifest as aberrant behavior including risk taking, depression, anhedonia, and addiction. Early-life adversity is a common antecedent of adolescent and adult affective disorders involving the reward circuitry. However, whether early-life adversity influences the maturation and operations of the reward circuitry, and the potential underlying mechanisms, remain unclear. Here, we present novel information using cutting-edge technologies in animal models to dissect out the mechanisms by which early-life adversity provokes dysregulation of the complex interactions of stress and reward circuitries. We propose that certain molecularly defined pathways within the reward circuitry are particularly susceptible to early-life adversity. We examine regions and pathways expressing the stress-sensitive peptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which has been identified in critical components of the reward circuitry and interacting stress circuits. Notably, CRF is strongly modulated by early-life adversity in several of these brain regions. Focusing on amygdala nuclei and their projections, we provide evidence suggesting that aberrant CRF expression and function may underlie augmented connectivity of the nucleus accumbens with fear/anxiety regions, disrupting the function of this critical locus of pleasure and reward.
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31
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Buczek L, Migliaccio J, Petrovich GD. Hedonic Eating: Sex Differences and Characterization of Orexin Activation and Signaling. Neuroscience 2020; 436:34-45. [PMID: 32283183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Palatable taste can stimulate appetite in the absence of hunger, and individual differences in hedonic eating may be critical to overeating. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men, which warrants comparisons of hedonic versus physiological consumption and the underlying neural substrates in both sexes. The current study examined palatable (high-sugar) food consumption in male and female rats under physiological hunger and satiety, and the role of the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (ORX). Across multiple tests, females consistently consumed similar amounts of palatable food regardless of whether they were hungry or sated prior to testing. In contrast, males typically adjusted their consumption according to their hunger/satiety state. This difference was specific to palatable food consumption, as both sexes ate standard chow according to their hunger state. ORX is important in food motivation and reward behaviors. Thus, to begin to determine the neuronal mechanisms of hedonic eating, we examined activation and signaling of ORX neurons. We systematically characterized Fos induction patterns of ORX neurons across the entire rostrocaudal extent of the lateral hypothalamus and found that they were activated by food and by fasting in both sexes. Then, we showed that systemic blockade of ORX receptor 1 signaling with SB-334867 decreased palatable food consumption in hungry and sated rats of both sexes. These results demonstrate sex differences in hedonic eating; increased susceptibility in females to overeat palatable food regardless of hunger state, and that ORX is a critical neuropeptide mechanism of hedonic eating in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buczek
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Jennifer Migliaccio
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Gorica D Petrovich
- Department of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States.
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32
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Ma L, Chen W, Yu D, Han Y. Brain-Wide Mapping of Afferent Inputs to Accumbens Nucleus Core Subdomains and Accumbens Nucleus Subnuclei. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 32317941 PMCID: PMC7150367 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the ventral part of the striatum and the interface between cognition, emotion, and action. It is composed of three major subnuclei: i.e., NAc core (NAcC), lateral shell (NAcLS), and medial shell (NAcMS), which exhibit functional heterogeneity. Thus, determining the synaptic inputs of the subregions of the NAc is important for understanding the circuit mechanisms involved in regulating different functions. Here, we simultaneously labeled subregions of the NAc with cholera toxin subunit B conjugated with multicolor Alexa Fluor, then imaged serial sections of the whole brain with a fully automated slide scanning system. Using the interactive WholeBrain framework, we characterized brain-wide inputs to the NAcC subdomains, including the rostral, caudal, dorsal, and ventral subdomains (i.e., rNAcC, cNAcC, dNAcC, and vNAcC, respectively) and the NAc subnuclei. We found diverse brain regions, distributed from the cerebrum to brain stem, projecting to the NAc. Of the 57 brain regions projecting to the NAcC, the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) exhibited the greatest inputs. The input neurons of rNAcC and cNAcC are two distinct populations but share similar distribution over the same upstream brain regions, whereas the input neurons of dNAcC and vNAcC exhibit slightly different distributions over the same upstream regions. Of the 55 brain regions projecting to the NAcLS, the piriform area contributed most of the inputs. Of the 72 brain regions projecting to the NAcMS, the lateral septal nucleus contributed most of the inputs. The input neurons of NAcC and NAcLS share similar distributions, whereas the NAcMS exhibited brain-wide distinct distribution. Thus, the NAcC subdomains appeared to share the same upstream brain regions, although with distinct input neuron populations and slight differences in the input proportions, whereas the NAcMS subnuclei received distinct inputs from multiple upstream brain regions. These results lay an anatomical foundation for understanding the different functions of NAcC subdomains and NAc subnuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danfang Yu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunyun Han
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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33
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Recent perspectives on orexin/hypocretin promotion of addiction-related behaviors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108013. [PMID: 32092435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin plays a broad and important role in physiological functions ranging from addiction, stress, and anxiety to sleep, energy metabolism, and homeostatic regulation. A number of recent reviews addressing the importance of orexin for different addictive behaviors, especially the contribution of orexin-1-receptors (Ox1Rs) in responding for intoxicants in higher-motivation individuals and situations, and orexin-2-receptor (Ox2Rs) in stress-related aspects of addictive responding. This may parallel the importance of more lateral orexin neurons in the hypothalamus for reward and more medial for stress and arousal. However, there is clearly also some crossover, which may reflect, in part, where positive and negative conditioning (reward- and relief-seeking) are both present concurrently in established addiction, and also where orexin signaling can differ in subregions of a particular brain region. Here, we attempt to examine and synthesize some of the most recent work addressing orexin functions in addiction, including a particular role for Ox1Rs for driving responding in higher-motivation individuals and under higher levels of effort. While there are some commonalities across addictive substances addressed here (alcohol, cocaine, opiates), there are also some differences, which may relate to several factors including the speed of intoxication with a given substance. Together, recent findings have shed important insight and clues into what a more unified role of Ox1Rs might entail, and critical areas for future work. In addition, these many studies support the development of Ox1R blockers for use in humans to counteract addiction and other disorders of motivation. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.
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34
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Medial Prefrontal Cortex Neural Plasticity, Orexin Receptor 1 Signaling, and Connectivity with the Lateral Hypothalamus Are Necessary in Cue-Potentiated Feeding. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1744-1755. [PMID: 31953368 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1803-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive processes contribute to the control of feeding behavior and help organism's survival when they support physiological needs. They can become maladaptive, such as when learned food cues drive feeding in the absence of hunger. Associative learning is the basis for cue-driven food seeking and consumption, and behavioral paradigms with Pavlovian cue-food conditioning are well established. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying circuit plasticity across cue-food learning, cue memory recall, and subsequent food motivation are unknown. Here, we demonstrated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a site of learning-induced plasticity and signaling of the neuropeptide orexin within the mPFC mediates cue potentiated feeding (CPF). First, using a marker of neuronal activation, c-fos, we confirmed that the mPFC is activated during CPF. Next, to assess whether the same mPFC neuronal ensemble is activated during cue-food learning and later CPF, we used the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation method in c-fos-lacZ transgenic male and female rats. Selective inactivation of the mPFC neurons that were active during the last cue-food training session abolished CPF during test, demonstrating that the mPFC is a site of plasticity. We postulated that integration of food cue memory and feeding motivation requires mPFC communications with lateral hypothalamus and showed that disconnection of that system abolished CPF. Then we showed that lateral hypothalamus orexin-producing neurons project to the mPFC. Finally, we blocked orexin receptor 1 signaling in the mPFC and showed that it is a neuromodulator necessary for the cue-driven consumption. Together, our findings identify a causal function for the mPFC in the cognitive motivation to eat.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and the associated health consequences are serious and costly. The causes of obesity are complex because, in addition to physiological energy and nutrient needs, environmental cues can drive feeding through hedonic and cognitive processes. Learned food cues from the environment can powerfully stimulate appetite and food consumption in the absence of hunger. Using an animal model for cue-potentiated feeding, the current study determined the mPFC neuronal plasticity and neuropeptide orexin signaling are critical circuit and neurotransmitter mechanisms involved in this form of cognitive motivation to eat. These findings identify key targets for potential treatment of excessive appetite and overeating.
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35
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Abstract
How do brain systems evaluate the affective valence of a stimulus - that is, its quality of being good or bad? One possibility is that a neural subsystem, or 'module' (such as a subregion of the brain, a projection pathway, a neuronal population or an individual neuron), is permanently dedicated to mediate only one affective function, or at least only one specific valence - an idea that is termed here the 'affective modules' hypothesis. An alternative possibility is that a given neural module can exist in multiple neurobiological states that give it different affective functions - an idea termed here the 'affective modes' hypothesis. This suggests that the affective function or valence mediated by a neural module need not remain permanently stable but rather can change dynamically across different situations. An evaluation of evidence for the 'affective modules' versus 'affective modes' hypotheses may be useful for advancing understanding of the affective organization of limbic circuitry.
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36
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Zhang Y, Castro DC, Han Y, Wu Y, Guo H, Weng Z, Xue Y, Ausra J, Wang X, Li R, Wu G, Vázquez-Guardado A, Xie Y, Xie Z, Ostojich D, Peng D, Sun R, Wang B, Yu Y, Leshock JP, Qu S, Su CJ, Shen W, Hang T, Banks A, Huang Y, Radulovic J, Gutruf P, Bruchas MR, Rogers JA. Battery-free, lightweight, injectable microsystem for in vivo wireless pharmacology and optogenetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21427-21437. [PMID: 31601737 PMCID: PMC6815115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909850116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacology and optogenetics are widely used in neuroscience research to study the central and peripheral nervous systems. While both approaches allow for sophisticated studies of neural circuitry, continued advances are, in part, hampered by technology limitations associated with requirements for physical tethers that connect external equipment to rigid probes inserted into delicate regions of the brain. The results can lead to tissue damage and alterations in behavioral tasks and natural movements, with additional difficulties in use for studies that involve social interactions and/or motions in complex 3-dimensional environments. These disadvantages are particularly pronounced in research that demands combined optogenetic and pharmacological functions in a single experiment. Here, we present a lightweight, wireless, battery-free injectable microsystem that combines soft microfluidic and microscale inorganic light-emitting diode probes for programmable pharmacology and optogenetics, designed to offer the features of drug refillability and adjustable flow rates, together with programmable control over the temporal profiles. The technology has potential for large-scale manufacturing and broad distribution to the neuroscience community, with capabilities in targeting specific neuronal populations in freely moving animals. In addition, the same platform can easily be adapted for a wide range of other types of passive or active electronic functions, including electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Daniel C Castro
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yuan Han
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Hexia Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Zhengyan Weng
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Yeguang Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jokubas Ausra
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Xueju Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
- International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | | | - Yiwen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Diana Ostojich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Dongsheng Peng
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Rujie Sun
- Bristol Composites Institute, University of Bristol, BS8 1TR Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | | | - John P Leshock
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Subing Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Chun-Ju Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
| | - Tao Hang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony Banks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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Tanaka DH, Li S, Mukae S, Tanabe T. Genetic Access to Gustatory Disgust-Associated Neurons in the Interstitial Nucleus of the Posterior Limb of the Anterior Commissure in Male Mice. Neuroscience 2019; 413:45-63. [PMID: 31229633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial and somatic disgust reactions are observed in rats following intraoral infusion of not only bitter quinine (innate disgust) but also sweet saccharin previously paired with illness (learned disgust). It remains unclear, however, whether these innate and learned disgust reactions share a common neural basis and which brain regions, if any, host it. In addition, there is no established method to genetically access neurons whose firing is associated with disgust (disgust-associated neurons). Here, we examined the expression of cFos and Arc, two markers of neuronal activity, in the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC) of male mice that showed innate disgust and mice that showed learned disgust. Furthermore, we used a targeted recombination in active populations (TRAP) method to genetically label the disgust-associated neurons in the IPAC with YFP. We found a significant increase of both cFos-positive neurons and Arc-positive neurons in the IPAC of mice that showed innate disgust and mice that showed learned disgust. In addition, TRAP following quinine infusion (Quinine-TRAP) resulted in significantly more YFP-positive neurons in the IPAC, compared to TRAP following water infusion. A significant number of the YFP-positive neurons following Quinine-TRAP were co-labeled with Arc following the second quinine infusion, confirming that Quinine-TRAP preferentially labeled quinine-activated neurons in the IPAC. Our results suggest that the IPAC activity is associated with both innate and learned disgust and that disgust-associated neurons in the IPAC are genetically accessible by TRAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke H Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shiori Mukae
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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38
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Castro DC, Bruchas MR. A Motivational and Neuropeptidergic Hub: Anatomical and Functional Diversity within the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Neuron 2019; 102:529-552. [PMID: 31071288 PMCID: PMC6528838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the "reward pathway." Embedded within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that synthesizes motivation, affect, learning, cognition, stress, and sensorimotor information. Although striatal subregions collectively share many anatomical and functional similarities, it has become increasingly clear that it is an extraordinarily heterogeneous region. In particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) medial shell has repeatedly demonstrated that the rules dictated by more dorsal aspects of the striatum do not apply or are even reversed in functional logic. These discrepancies are perhaps most easily captured when isolating the functions of various neuromodulatory peptide systems within the striatum. Endogenous peptides are thought to play a critical role in modulating striatal signals to either amplify or dampen evoked behaviors. Here we describe the anatomical-functional backdrop upon which several neuropeptides act within the NAc to modulate behavior, with a specific emphasis on nucleus accumbens medial shell and stress responsivity. Additionally, we propose that, as the field continues to dissect fast neurotransmitter systems within the NAc, we must also provide considerable contextual weight to the roles local peptides play in modulating these circuits to more comprehensively understand how this important subregion gates motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Castro
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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HCN2 Channels in Cholinergic Interneurons of Nucleus Accumbens Shell Regulate Depressive Behaviors. Neuron 2019; 101:662-672.e5. [PMID: 30638901 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) have been implicated in drug addiction, reward, and mood disorders. However, the physiological role of ChIs in depression has not been characterized. Here, we show that the tonic firing rate of ChIs in NAc shell is reduced in chronic stress mouse models and in a genetic mouse model of depression. Chemogenetic inhibition of NAc ChIs renders naive mice susceptible to stress, whereas enhancement of ChI activity reverses depressive phenotypes. As a component of the molecular mechanism, we found that the expression and function of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 (HCN2) are decreased in ChIs of NAc shell in depressed mice. Overexpression of HCN2 channels in ChIs enhances cell activity and is sufficient to rescue depressive phenotypes. These data suggest that enhancement of HCN2 channel activity in NAc ChIs is a feasible approach for the development of a new class of antidepressants.
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40
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Schier LA, Spector AC. The Functional and Neurobiological Properties of Bad Taste. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:605-663. [PMID: 30475657 PMCID: PMC6442928 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gustatory system serves as a critical line of defense against ingesting harmful substances. Technological advances have fostered the characterization of peripheral receptors and have created opportunities for more selective manipulations of the nervous system, yet the neurobiological mechanisms underlying taste-based avoidance and aversion remain poorly understood. One conceptual obstacle stems from a lack of recognition that taste signals subserve several behavioral and physiological functions which likely engage partially segregated neural circuits. Moreover, although the gustatory system evolved to respond expediently to broad classes of biologically relevant chemicals, innate repertoires are often not in register with the actual consequences of a food. The mammalian brain exhibits tremendous flexibility; responses to taste can be modified in a specific manner according to bodily needs and the learned consequences of ingestion. Therefore, experimental strategies that distinguish between the functional properties of various taste-guided behaviors and link them to specific neural circuits need to be applied. Given the close relationship between the gustatory and visceroceptive systems, a full reckoning of the neural architecture of bad taste requires an understanding of how these respective sensory signals are integrated in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Schier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Alan C Spector
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California ; and Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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41
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Cole SL, Robinson MJF, Berridge KC. Optogenetic self-stimulation in the nucleus accumbens: D1 reward versus D2 ambivalence. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207694. [PMID: 30496206 PMCID: PMC6264872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) contains multiple subpopulations of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). One subpopulation expresses D1-type dopamine receptors, another expresses D2-type receptors, and a third expresses both. The relative roles in NAc of D1 neurons versus D2 neurons in appetitive motivation were assessed here. Specifically, we asked whether D1-Cre mice would instrumentally seek optogenetic self-stimulation specifically targeted at D1 MSNs in NAc, and similarly if D2-Cre mice would self-stimulate D2 neurons in NAc. Mice were implanted with Cre-targeted channelrhodopsin (ChR2) virus and optic fibers in NAc. Subsequently, mice could earn brief NAc laser illuminations by actively touching a metal spout in one task, or by going to a particular location in a separate task. Results indicated that D1 neuronal excitation in NAc supported intense self-stimulation in both tasks. D1-Cre mice earned hundreds to thousands of spout-touches per half-hour session, and also sought out locations that delivered NAc laser to excite D1 MSNs. By comparison, D2 ChR2 mice showed lower but still positive levels of self-stimulation in the spout-touch task, earning dozens to hundreds of NAc laser illuminations. However, in the location task, D2 mice failed to show positive self-stimulation. If anything, a few D2 individuals gradually avoided the laser location. Brain-wide measures indicated that D1 and D2 stimulations in NAc recruited heavily overlapping patterns of Fos activation in distant limbic structures. These results confirm that excitation of D1 MSNs in NAc supports strong incentive motivation to self-stimulate. They also suggest that excitation of D2 neurons in NAc supports self-stimulation under some conditions, but fails under others and possibly may even shift to negative avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L. Cole
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mike J. F. Robinson
- Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kent C. Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Abor, Michigan, United States of America
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42
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Novelle MG, Diéguez C. Unravelling the role and mechanism of adipokine and gastrointestinal signals in animal models in the nonhomeostatic control of energy homeostasis: Implications for binge eating disorder. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:551-568. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta G. Novelle
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Santiago de Compostela Spain
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43
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Reed SJ, Lafferty CK, Mendoza JA, Yang AK, Davidson TJ, Grosenick L, Deisseroth K, Britt JP. Coordinated Reductions in Excitatory Input to the Nucleus Accumbens Underlie Food Consumption. Neuron 2018; 99:1260-1273.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Barbier M, Fellmann D, Risold PY. Morphofunctional Organization of the Connections From the Medial and Intermediate Parts of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Into Distinct Divisions of the Lateral Hypothalamic Area in the Rat. Front Neurol 2018; 9:688. [PMID: 30210427 PMCID: PMC6119805 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Projections from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA) into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) show a very complex pattern. After injection of an anterograde tracer (Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin—PHAL) into the medial and intermediate parts of the CEA, we observed that labeled axons converged onto the caudal lateral LHA but provided distinct patterns in rostral tuberal regions. These projections were compared to that of neurons containing the peptides “melanin-concentrating hormone” (MCH) or hypocretin (Hcrt). Because the distribution of these neurons is stereotyped, it was possible to characterize distinct divisions into the LHA. Some of them in the rostral tuberal LHA [the dorsal (LHAd) and suprafornical regions (LHAs)] received a distinct innervation by projections that originated from neurons in respectively anterior or posterior regions of the medial part (CEAm) or from the intermediate part (CEAi) of the central nucleus. Therefore, this work illustrates that projections from the CEAm and CEAi converge into the caudal lateral LHA but diverge into the rostral tuberal LHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Fellmann
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Risold
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Intégratives et Cliniques, EA481, UFR Sciences Médicales et Pharmaceutiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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45
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Barson JR. Orexin/hypocretin and dysregulated eating: Promotion of foraging behavior. Brain Res 2018; 1731:145915. [PMID: 30125533 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
At its discovery, orexin/hypocretin (OX) was hypothesized to promote food intake. Subsequently, with the identification of the participation of OX in numerous other phenomena, including arousal and drug seeking, this neuropeptide was proposed to be involved in highly motivated behaviors. The present review develops the hypothesis that the primary evolutionary function of OX is to promote foraging behavior, seeking for food under conditions of limited availability. Thus, it will first describe published literature on OX and homeostatic food intake, which shows that OX neurons are activated by conditions of food deprivation and in turn stimulate food intake. Next, it will present literature on excessive and binge-like food intake, which demonstrates that OX stimulates both intake and willingness to work for palatable food. Importantly, studies show that binge-like eating can be inhibited by OX antagonists at doses far lower than those required to suppress homeostatic intake (3 mg/kg vs. 30 mg/kg), suggesting that an OX-based pharmacotherapy, at the right dose, could specifically control dysregulated eating. Finally, the review will discuss the role of OX in foraging behavior, citing literature which shows that OX neurons, which are activated during the anticipation of food reward, can promote a number of phenomena involved in successful foraging, including food-anticipatory locomotor behavior, olfactory sensitivity, visual attention, spatial memory, and mastication. Thus, OX may promote homeostatic eating, as well as binge eating of palatable food, due to its ability to stimulate and coordinate the activities involved in foraging behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Barson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
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46
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Gibson GD, Millan EZ, McNally GP. The nucleus accumbens shell in reinstatement and extinction of drug seeking. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 50:2014-2022. [PMID: 30044017 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contexts where drugs are self-administered have important control over relapse and extinction of drug-seeking behavior. The nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) is essential to this contextual control over drug-seeking behavior. It has been consistently implicated in both the expression of context-induced reinstatement and the expression of extinction, across a variety of drug classes and other rewards. Here, we review the evidence linking AcbSh to the extinction and reinstatement of drug seeking. We consider whether this dual role can be linked to known heterogeneities in AcbSh cell types, their major afferents, and their major efferents. We show that although these heterogeneities are each important and can determine extinction vs. reinstatement, they do not seem adequate to explain the body of findings from the behavioral literature. Rather, we suggest that this functional specialization of AcbSh may be more profitably viewed in terms of the segregation and compartmentalization of AcbSh channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Zayra Millan
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
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47
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Risco S, Mediavilla C. Orexin A in the ventral tegmental area enhances saccharin-induced conditioned flavor preference: The role of D1 receptors in central nucleus of amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Olney JJ, Warlow SM, Naffziger EE, Berridge KC. Current perspectives on incentive salience and applications to clinical disorders. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2018; 22:59-69. [PMID: 29503841 PMCID: PMC5831552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Affective neuroscience research has revealed that reward contains separable components of 'liking', 'wanting', and learning. Here we focus on current 'liking' and 'wanting' findings and applications to clinical disorders. 'Liking' is the hedonic impact derived from a pleasant experience, and is amplified by opioid and related signals in discrete sites located in limbic-related brain areas. 'Wanting' refers to incentive salience, a motivation process for reward, and is mediated by larger systems involving mesocorticolimbic dopamine. Deficits in incentive salience may contribute to avolitional features of depression and related disorders, whereas deficits in hedonic impact may produce true anhedonia. Excesses in incentive salience, on the other hand, can lead to addiction, especially when narrowly focused on a particular target. Finally, a fearful form of motivational salience may even contribute to some paranoia symptoms of schizophrenia and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Olney
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shelley M Warlow
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Erin E Naffziger
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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49
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Callaghan CK, Rouine J, O'Mara SM. Potential roles for opioid receptors in motivation and major depressive disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 239:89-119. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Mahler SV. Stay alert, don't get hurt. Nat Neurosci 2017; 21:3-5. [PMID: 29269760 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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