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Ferroni Passos T, Nitschke M. The combined effect of pH and NaCl on the susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to rhamnolipids. Food Res Int 2024; 192:114744. [PMID: 39147550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The use of natural and sustainable additives, that are less aggressive to the environment, is a trend in the food industry. Rhamnolipids (RL) biosurfactants have shown potential for controlling food pathogens however, due to the presence of free carboxyl groups, the pH and ionic strength may influence the properties of such surfactants. In this study, we describe the antimicrobial activity of RL under different pH values and NaCl concentrations, towards both planktonic and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes. RL were effective at pH 5.0 and the addition of 5 % NaCl improved the bactericidal efficacy for planktonic and sessile cells. The effect of NaCl was more pronounced at pH above 6 showing a significant increase in RL antimicrobial activity. At pH 7.0 planktonic population was eradicated by RL only when salt was present whereas biofilm viability was decreased by 5 log with MBIC varying from > 2500.0 mg/L (RL) to 39.0 mg/L (RL + 5 % NaCl). Larger vesicular and lamellar RL self-assembly structures were predominant when NaCl was present, suggesting their association with the antimicrobial activity observed. The pH and ionic strength of the medium are important parameters to be considered for the development of RL-based strategies to control L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathiane Ferroni Passos
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP - CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP - CEP 13566-590, Brazil.
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2
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Radhakrishnan N, Kumar SD, Shin SY, Yang S. Enhancing Selective Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Melittin through 6-Aminohexanoic Acid Substitution. Biomolecules 2024; 14:699. [PMID: 38927102 PMCID: PMC11201590 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leucine residues are commonly found in the hydrophobic face of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and are crucial for membrane permeabilization, leading to the cell death of invading pathogens. Melittin, which contains four leucine residues, demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties but also significant cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. To enhance the cell selectivity of melittin, this study synthesized five analogs by replacing leucine with its structural isomer, 6-aminohexanoic acid. Among these analogs, Mel-LX3 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Importantly, Mel-LX3 displayed significantly reduced hemolytic and cytotoxic effects compared to melittin. Mechanistic studies, including membrane depolarization, SYTOX green uptake, FACScan analysis, and inner/outer membrane permeation assays, demonstrated that Mel-LX3 effectively permeabilized bacterial membranes similar to melittin. Notably, Mel-LX3 showed robust antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Furthermore, Mel-LX3 effectively inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MDRPA. With its improved selective antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, Mel-LX3 emerges as a promising candidate for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. We propose that the substitution of leucine with 6-aminohexanoic acid in AMPs represents a significant strategy for combating resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (N.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Sukumar Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (N.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Song-Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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3
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Argenziano R, Viggiano S, Laezza A, Scalia AC, Aprea P, Bochicchio B, Pepe A, Panzella L, Cochis A, Rimondini L, Napolitano A. Highly Cytocompatible Polylactic Acid Based Electrospun Microfibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles Generated onto Chestnut Shell Lignin for Targeted Antibacterial Activity and Antioxidant Action. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28230-28244. [PMID: 38775439 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrospun (e-spun) fibers are generally regarded as powerful tools for cell growth in tissue regeneration applications, and the possibility of imparting functional properties to these materials represents an increasingly pursued goal. We report herein the preparation of hybrid materials in which an e-spun d,l-polylactic acid matrix, to which chitosan or crystalline nanocellulose was added to improve hydrophilicity, was loaded with different amounts of silver(0) nanoparticles (AgNP) generated onto chestnut shell lignin (CSL) (AgNP@CSL). A solvent-free mechanochemical method was used for efficient (85% of the theoretical value by XRD analysis) Ag(0) production from the reduction of AgNO3 by lignin. For comparison, e-spun fibers containing CSL alone were also prepared. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed the presence of AgNP@CSL (average size 30 nm) on the fibers. Different chemical assays indicated that the AgNP@CSL containing fibers exhibited marked antioxidant properties (EC50 1.6 ± 0.1 mg/mL, DPPH assay), although they were halved with respect to those of the CSL containing fibers, as expected because of the efficient silver ion reduction. All the fibers showed high cytocompatibility toward human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) representative of the self-healing process, and their antibacterial properties were tested against the pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, competitive surface colonization as simulated by cocultures of hMSC and E. coli showed that AgNP@CSL loaded fibers offered the cells a targeted protection from infection, thus well balancing cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Argenziano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Portici (NA), Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Sara Viggiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Antonio Laezza
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calogero Scalia
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Paolo Aprea
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples"Federico II", Naples 80125, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza 85100, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80126, Italy
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Gourari-Bouzouina K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Halla N, Seghir A, Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ZZ, Boucherit K. Exploring the dynamics of mixed-species biofilms involving Candida spp. and bacteria in cystic fibrosis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:255. [PMID: 38734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that results from mutations in the gene responsible for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The airways become clogged with thick, viscous mucus that traps microbes in respiratory tracts, facilitating colonization, inflammation and infection. CF is recognized as a biofilm-associated disease, it is commonly polymicrobial and can develop in biofilms. This review discusses Candida spp. and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms that affect the airways and cause pulmonary infections in the CF context, with a particular focus on mixed-species biofilms. In addition, the review explores the intricate interactions between fungal and bacterial species within these biofilms and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamics. Moreover, the review addresses the multifaceted issue of antimicrobial resistance in the context of CF-associated biofilms. By synthesizing current knowledge and research findings, this review aims to provide insights into the pathogenesis of CF-related infections and identify potential therapeutic approaches to manage and combat these complex biofilm-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Gourari-Bouzouina
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Halla
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recovery of Plants, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Moulay-Tahar, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelfettah Seghir
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zahira Zakia Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
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Okurowska K, Monk PN, Karunakaran E. Increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ex vivo porcine keratitis model. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001459. [PMID: 38739119 PMCID: PMC11165664 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Bacterial keratitis, particularly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is challenging to treat because of multi-drug tolerance, often associated with the formation of biofilms. Antibiotics in development are typically evaluated against planktonic bacteria in a culture medium, which may not accurately represent the complexity of infections in vivo.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Developing a reliable, economic ex vivo keratitis model that replicates some complexity of tissue infections could facilitate a deeper understanding of antibiotic efficacy, thus aiding in the optimization of treatment strategies for bacterial keratitis.Methodology. Here we investigated the efficacy of three commonly used antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxic strain PA14 and invasive strain PA01 using an ex vivo porcine keratitis model.Results. Both strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to the MIC of the three tested antibiotics. However, significantly higher concentrations were necessary to inhibit bacterial growth in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay, with both strains tolerating concentrations greater than 512 mg l-1 of meropenem. When MIC and higher concentrations than MBEC (1024 mg l-1) of antibiotics were applied, ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest potency against both P. aeruginosa strains, followed by meropenem, while gentamicin showed the least potency. Despite this, none of the antibiotic concentrations used effectively cleared the infection, even after 18 h of continuous exposure.Conclusions. Further exploration of antibiotic concentrations and aligning dosing with clinical studies to validate the model is needed. Nonetheless, our ex vivo porcine keratitis model could be a valuable tool for assessing antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Okurowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Hale SJM, Cameron AJ, Lux CA, Biswas K, Kim R, O'Carroll M, Harris PWR, Douglas RG, Wagner Mackenzie B. Polymyxin B and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid act synergistically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0170923. [PMID: 38168683 PMCID: PMC10845947 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01709-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymyxin B and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid are antimicrobials possessing antibiofilm activity. They act by displacement and chelation, respectively, of divalent cations in bacterial membranes and may therefore act synergistically when applied in combination. If so, this combination of agents may be useful for the treatment of diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), in which biofilms are present on the respiratory epithelium. We used checkerboard assays to investigate the synergy between these agents using reference strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 in planktonic form. We then determined the efficacy of each agent against biofilms of both species grown on 96-pin lids and proceeded to combination testing against the P. aeruginosa reference strain and 10 clinical isolates from patients with CF. Synergism was observed for planktonic forms of both species and for biofilms of P. aeruginosa. The susceptibility of biofilms of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates to these agents was variable compared to the laboratory reference strain. This combination of agents may be useful in the management of biofilm-associated conditions, particularly those amenable to topical therapies. These results provide a basis upon which the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of preparations containing these agents may be enhanced.IMPORTANCEBacteria living in biofilms produce a protective matrix which makes them difficult to kill. Patients with severe respiratory disease often have biofilms. Polymyxin B is an antibiotic commonly used in topical medications, such as eye drops and nasal sprays. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used widely as a preservative in medication but also has antimicrobial properties. It has been hypothesized that Polymyxin B and EDTA could have a synergistic relationship: when used in combination their antimicrobial effect is enhanced. Here, we evaluated the levels at which Polymyxin B and EDTA work together to kill common pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that Polymyxin B and EDTA were synergistic. This synergy may be useful in the management of planktonic infection with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, or biofilm infection with P. aeruginosa. This synergy may be beneficial in the treatment of respiratory biofilms, in which P. aeruginosa biofilms are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. M. Hale
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alan J. Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christian A. Lux
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Raymond Kim
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark O'Carroll
- Respiratory Services, Auckland City Hospital, Te Toka Tumai, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard G. Douglas
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brett Wagner Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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Prasad A, Wynands E, Roche SM, Romo-Bernal C, Allan N, Olson M, Levengood S, Andersen R, Loebel N, Sabino CP, Ross JA. Photodynamic Inactivation of Foodborne Bacteria: Screening of 32 Potential Photosensitizers. Foods 2024; 13:453. [PMID: 38338588 PMCID: PMC10855769 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of novel antimicrobial technologies for the food industry represents an important strategy to improve food safety. Antimicrobial photodynamic disinfection (aPDD) is a method that can inactivate microbes without the use of harsh chemicals. aPDD involves the administration of a non-toxic, light-sensitive substance, known as a photosensitizer, followed by exposure to visible light at a specific wavelength. The objective of this study was to screen the antimicrobial photodynamic efficacy of 32 food-safe pigments tested as candidate photosensitizers (PSs) against pathogenic and food-spoilage bacterial suspensions as well as biofilms grown on relevant food contact surfaces. This screening evaluated the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and colony forming unit (CFU) reduction against Salmonella enterica, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas fragi, and Brochothrix thermosphacta. Based on multiple characteristics, including solubility and the ability to reduce the biofilms by at least 3 log10 CFU/sample, 4 out of the 32 PSs were selected for further optimization against S. enterica and MRSA, including sunset yellow, curcumin, riboflavin-5'-phosphate (R-5-P), and erythrosin B. Optimized factors included the PS concentration, irradiance, and time of light exposure. Finally, 0.1% w/v R-5-P, irradiated with a 445 nm LED at 55.5 J/cm2, yielded a "max kill" (upwards of 3 to 7 log10 CFU/sample) against S. enterica and MRSA biofilms grown on metallic food contact surfaces, proving its potential for industrial applications. Overall, the aPDD method shows substantial promise as an alternative to existing disinfection technologies used in the food processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha Prasad
- Chinook Contract Research Inc., Airdrie, AB T4A 0C3, Canada; (A.P.); (N.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Erin Wynands
- ACER Consulting, Guelph, ON N1G 5L3, Canada; (E.W.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Steven M. Roche
- ACER Consulting, Guelph, ON N1G 5L3, Canada; (E.W.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Cristina Romo-Bernal
- Ondine Biomedical Inc., Bothell, WA 98011, USA; (C.R.-B.); (S.L.); (R.A.); (N.L.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Nicholas Allan
- Chinook Contract Research Inc., Airdrie, AB T4A 0C3, Canada; (A.P.); (N.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Merle Olson
- Chinook Contract Research Inc., Airdrie, AB T4A 0C3, Canada; (A.P.); (N.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Sheeny Levengood
- Ondine Biomedical Inc., Bothell, WA 98011, USA; (C.R.-B.); (S.L.); (R.A.); (N.L.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Roger Andersen
- Ondine Biomedical Inc., Bothell, WA 98011, USA; (C.R.-B.); (S.L.); (R.A.); (N.L.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Nicolas Loebel
- Ondine Biomedical Inc., Bothell, WA 98011, USA; (C.R.-B.); (S.L.); (R.A.); (N.L.); (C.P.S.)
| | - Caetano P. Sabino
- Ondine Biomedical Inc., Bothell, WA 98011, USA; (C.R.-B.); (S.L.); (R.A.); (N.L.); (C.P.S.)
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Energy and Nuclear Research Institute, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseph A. Ross
- Chinook Contract Research Inc., Airdrie, AB T4A 0C3, Canada; (A.P.); (N.A.); (M.O.)
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Gamna F, Cochis A, Mojsoska B, Kumar A, Rimondini L, Spriano S. Nano-topography and functionalization with the synthetic peptoid GN2-Npm 9 as a strategy for antibacterial and biocompatible titanium implants. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24246. [PMID: 38293435 PMCID: PMC10825347 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted great interest in scientific research, especially for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and orthopedic applications. Since they are readily degradable in the physiological environment, scientific research has recently been trying to make AMPs more stable. Peptoids are synthetic N-substituted glycine oligomers that mimic the structure of peptides. They have a structure that does not allow proteolytic degradation, which makes them more stable while maintaining microbial activity. This structure also brings many advantages to the molecule, such as greater diversity and specificity, making it more suitable for biological applications. For the first time, a synthesized peptoid (GN2-Npm9) was used to functionalize a nanometric chemically pre-treated (CT) titanium surface for bone-contact implant applications. A preliminary characterization of the functionalized surfaces was performed using the contact angle measurements and zeta potential titration curves. These preliminary analyses confirmed the presence of the peptoid and its adsorption on CT. The functionalized surface had a hydrophilic behaviour (contact angle = 30°) but the hydrophobic tryptophan-like residues were also exposed. An electrostatic interaction between the lysine residue of GN2-Npm9 and the surface allowed a chemisorption mechanism. The biological characterization of the CT_GN2-Nmp9 surfaces demonstrated the ability to prevent surface colonization and biofilm formation by the pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis thus showing a broad-range activity. The cytocompatibility was confirmed by human mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, a bacteria-cells co-culture model was applied to demonstrate the selective bioactivity of the CT_GN2-Nmp9 surface that was able to preserve colonizing cells adhered to the device surface from bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases–CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Biljana Mojsoska
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases–CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases–CAAD, Novara, Italy
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Najmi Z, Mlinarić NM, Scalia AC, Cochis A, Selmani A, Učakar A, Abram A, Zore A, Delač I, Jerman I, Van de Velde N, Vidmar J, Bohinc K, Rimondini L. Antibacterial evaluation of different prosthetic liner textiles coated by CuO nanoparticles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23849. [PMID: 38192822 PMCID: PMC10772625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic liners are mainly used as an interface between residual limbs and prosthetic sockets to minimize physical and biological damage to soft tissue. However, the closed and moist conditions within liners and the amputee's skin provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth to cause infections. This study aimed to coat a comprehensive variant material with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and compare their surface analysis and antibacterial properties. These materials were covered with CuO NPs solution at a concentration of 70 μg mL-1 to achieve this purpose. After drying, their surface characteristics were analyzed by measuring zeta potential, contact angle, surface roughness, and fiber arrangement. Cu-released concentration from the coatings into the acetate buffer solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry indicated that lycra and nylon quickly released Cu ions to concentrations up to ∼0.2 μg mL-1 after 24 h, causing low metabolic activity of human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSC) in the indirect assay. Antibacterial activity of the coated specimens was evaluated by infecting their surfaces with the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, reporting a significant ∼40 % reduction of metabolic activity for x-dry after 24 h; in addition, the number of viable bacterial colonies adhered to the surface of this material was reduced by ∼23 times in comparison with non-treated x-dry that were visually confirmed by scanning electron microscope. In conclusion, CuO NPs x-dry shows optimistic results to pursue further experiments due to its slow speed of Cu release and prolonged antibacterial activity, as well as its compatibility with human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Najmi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Calogero Scalia
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Atiđa Selmani
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Anže Abram
- Institut Jožef Stefan, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anamarija Zore
- University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ida Delač
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička Cesta 46, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nigel Van de Velde
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova Ulica 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Vidmar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Bohinc
- University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, NO, Italy
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10
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Coenye T. Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going? Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0002423. [PMID: 37812003 PMCID: PMC10732061 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00024-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the fundamental aspects of biofilm biology, including the mechanisms behind the reduced antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilms, has increased drastically over the last decades. However, this knowledge has so far not been translated into major changes in clinical practice. While the biofilm concept is increasingly on the radar of clinical microbiologists, physicians, and healthcare professionals in general, the standardized tools to study biofilms in the clinical microbiology laboratory are still lacking; one area in which this is particularly obvious is that of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). It is generally accepted that the biofilm lifestyle has a tremendous impact on antibiotic susceptibility, yet AST is typically still carried out with planktonic cells. On top of that, the microenvironment at the site of infection is an important driver for microbial physiology and hence susceptibility; but this is poorly reflected in current AST methods. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the state of the art concerning biofilm AST and highlight the knowledge gaps in this area. Subsequently, potential ways to improve biofilm-based AST will be discussed. Finally, bottlenecks currently preventing the use of biofilm AST in clinical practice, as well as the steps needed to get past these bottlenecks, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Childs SK, Jones AAD. A microtiter peg lid with ziggurat geometry for medium-throughput antibiotic testing and in situ imaging of biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 6:100167. [PMID: 38078058 PMCID: PMC10700155 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria biofilm responses to disinfectants and antibiotics are quantified and observed using multiple methods, though microscopy, particularly confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is preferred due to speed, a reduction in user error, and in situ analysis. CLSM can resolve biological and spatial heterogeneity of biofilms in 3D with limited throughput. The microplate peg-lid-based assay, described in ASTM E2799-22, is a medium-throughput method for testing biofilms but does not permit in situ imaging. Breaking off the peg, as recommended by the manufacturer, risks sample damage, and is limited to easily accessible pegs. Here we report modifications to the peg optimized for in situ visualization and visualization of all pegs. We report similar antibiotic challenge recovery via colony formation following the ASTM E2799-22 protocol and in situ imaging. We report novel quantifiable effects of antibiotics on biofilm morphologies, specifically biofilm streamers. The new design bridges the MBEC® assays design that selects for biofilm phenotypes with in situ imaging needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A-Andrew D. Jones
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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12
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Gastaldi Guerrieri C, Teixeira Gonçalves M, Ferreira da Silva A, Souza Dos Santos AL, Dos Santos KV, Cruz Spano L. Remarkable antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin, by themselves or in combination, against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in vitro. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116048. [PMID: 37657231 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), a biofilm forming pathogen, causes acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide, requiring antimicrobial therapy in severe or persistent cases. To determine the susceptibility of EAEC biofilm to antimicrobials, as single-agent or combined therapy, biofilm formation was investigated using EAEC clinical strains via peg lid. Of the 78 initially analyzed strains, 35 could form biofilms, 15 (42.9%; 15/35) were resistant to at least 1 tested antimicrobial and 20 (57.1%) were susceptible to all of them in the planktonic form. The biofilms of these susceptible strains were challenged against chosen antimicrobials, and displayed resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (85%-100%), tobramycin (25%), cefoxitin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). Moreover, ciprofloxacin combined with ampicillin, and tobramycin eradicated the biofilm of 2 of the 4 tested strains. Ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin maintained their activity well against EAEC biofilm, suggesting their possible effectiveness to treat diarrhea caused by biofilm-forming EAEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gastaldi Guerrieri
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Teixeira Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anazi Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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13
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Ali SA, Chung KHK, Forgham H, Olsen WP, Kakinen A, Balaji A, Otzen DE, Davis TP, Javed I. Alzheimer's Progenitor Amyloid-β Targets and Dissolves Microbial Amyloids and Impairs Biofilm Function. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301423. [PMID: 37594661 PMCID: PMC10582422 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading form of dementia where the presence of extra-neuronal plaques of Amyloid-β (Aβ) is a pathological hallmark. However, Aβ peptide is also observed in the intestinal tissues of AD patients and animal models. In this study, it is reported that Aβ monomers can target and disintegrate microbial amyloids of FapC and CsgA formed by opportunistic gut pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, explaining a potential role of Aβ in the gut-brain axis. Employing a zebrafish-based transparent in vivo system and whole-mount live-imaging, Aβ is observed to diffuse into the vasculature and subsequently localize with FapC or CsgA fibrils that were injected into the tail muscles of the fish. FapC aggregates, produced after Aβ treatment (Faβ), present selective toxicity to SH-SY5Y neuronal cells while the intestinal Caco-2 cells are shown to phagocytose Faβ in a non-toxic cellular process. After remodeling by Aβ, microbial fibrils lose their native function of cell adhesion with intestinal Caco-2 cells and Aβ dissolves and detaches the microbial fibrils already attached to the cell membrane. Taken together, this study strongly indicates an anti-biofilm role for Aβ monomers that can help aid in the future development of selective anti-Alzheimer's and anti-infective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aoun Ali
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
| | - Ka Hang Karen Chung
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
| | - William P. Olsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14Aarhus C8000Denmark
- Sino‐Danish Center (SDC)Eastern Yanqihu CampusUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences380 Huaibeizhuang, Huairou DistrictBeijing101400China
| | - Aleksandr Kakinen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
- Institute of BiotechnologyHiLIFEUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00014Finland
| | - Arunpandian Balaji
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds Vej 14Aarhus C8000Denmark
| | - Thomas Paul Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
| | - Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld4072Australia
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14
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Jahan I, Kumar SD, Shin SY, Lee CW, Shin SH, Yang S. Multifunctional Properties of BMAP-18 and Its Aliphatic Analog against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1356. [PMID: 37895827 PMCID: PMC10609797 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BMAP-18, derived from the N-terminal region of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27, demonstrates potent antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties of BMAP-18, rich in aromatic phenylalanine residues, with its aliphatic analog, BMAP-18-FL. Both aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL exhibited equally potent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Mechanistic investigations employing SYTOX green uptake, DNA binding, and FACScan analysis revealed that both peptides acted by inducing membrane permeabilization and subsequent intracellular targeting. Moreover, both BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms of MRSA and MDRPA. Notably, BMAP-18-FL displayed a superior anti-inflammatory activity compared to BMAP-18, significantly reducing the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. This study emphasizes the similarities and differences in the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory properties between aromatic BMAP-18 and aliphatic BMAP-18-FL, providing valuable insights for the development of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides against drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Jahan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sukumar Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Heui Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea; (S.D.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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15
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Song J, Ali A, Ma Y, Li Y. A graphene microelectrode array based microfluidic device for in situ continuous monitoring of biofilms. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4681-4686. [PMID: 37705780 PMCID: PMC10496883 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ continuous monitoring of bacterial biofilms has been a challenging job so far, but it is fundamental to the screening of novel anti-biofilm reagents. In this work, a microfluidic system utilizing a graphene-modified microelectrode array sensor was proposed to realize the dynamic state of bacterial biofilm monitoring by electrochemical impedance. The results illustrated that the observation window period of the biofilm state is significantly prolonged due to the increment of bacterial cell load on the sensing interface, thereby greatly improving the sensing signal quality. Simulation of anti-biofilm drug screening demonstrated that the performance of this method manifestly exceeded that of its endpoint counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Song
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors Jinan 250103 China
| | - Ashaq Ali
- Center of Excellence in Science & Applied Technologies (CESAT) Islamabad 75000 Pakistan
| | - Yaohong Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors Jinan 250103 China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250103 China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors Jinan 250103 China
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16
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Bang JK, Ajish C, Yang S, Ganbaatar B, Kim J, Lee CW, Cho SJ, Shin SY. Evaluation of deoxythymidine-based cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106909. [PMID: 37419291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We recently designed a series of cationic deoxythymidine-based amphiphiles that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among these amphiphiles, ADG-2e and ADL-3e displayed the highest selectivity against bacterial cells. In this study, ADG-2e and ADL-3e were evaluated for their potential as novel classes of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents. METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ADG-2e and ADL-3e against bacteria were determined using the broth microdilution method. Proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K was determined by radial diffusion and HPLC analysis. Biofilm activity was investigated using the broth microdilution and confocal microscopy. The antimicrobial mechanism was investigated by membrane depolarization, cell membrane integrity analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), genomic DNA influence and genomic DNA binding assay. Synergistic activity was evaluated using checkerboard method. Anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using ELISA and RT-PCR. RESULTS ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed good resistance to physiological salts and human serum, and a low incidence of drug resistance. Moreover, they exhibit proteolytic resistance against pepsin, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, and proteinase K. ADG-2e and ADL-3e were found to kill bacteria by an intracellular target mechanism and bacterial cell membrane-disrupting mechanism, respectively. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e showed effective synergistic effects when combined with several conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Importantly, ADG-2e and ADL-3e not only suppressed MDRPA biofilm formation but also effectively eradicated mature MDRPA biofilms. Furthermore, ADG-2e and ADL-3e drastically decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression and protein secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, implying potent anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ADG-2e and ADL-3e could be further developed as novel antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, Chung Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Millette G, Lacasse E, Binette R, Belley V, Chaumont LP, Ster C, Beaudry F, Boyapelly K, Boudreault PL, Malouin F. Rationally Designed Pyrimidine Compounds: Promising Novel Antibiotics for the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Bovine Mastitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1344. [PMID: 37627764 PMCID: PMC10451377 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens causing bovine mastitis, and antibiotic treatment is most often inefficient due to its virulence and antibiotic-resistance attributes. The development of new antibiotics for veterinary use should account for the One Health concept, in which humans, animals, and environmental wellbeing are all interconnected. S. aureus can infect cattle and humans alike and antibiotic resistance can impact both if the same classes of antibiotics are used. New effective antibiotic classes against S. aureus are thus needed in dairy farms. We previously described PC1 as a novel antibiotic, which binds the S. aureus guanine riboswitch and interrupts transcription of essential GMP synthesis genes. However, chemical instability of PC1 hindered its development, evaluation, and commercialization. Novel PC1 analogs with improved stability have now been rationally designed and synthesized, and their in vitro and in vivo activities have been evaluated. One of these novel compounds, PC206, remains stable in solution and demonstrates specific narrow-spectrum activity against S. aureus. It is active against biofilm-embedded S. aureus, its cytotoxicity profile is adequate, and in vivo tests in mice and cows show that it is effective and well tolerated. PC206 and structural analogs represent a promising new antibiotic class to treat S. aureus-induced bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Millette
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Evelyne Lacasse
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Renaud Binette
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Véronique Belley
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Louis-Philippe Chaumont
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Céline Ster
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Kumaraswamy Boyapelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (G.M.); (E.L.); (C.S.)
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18
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Masterson K, Major I, Lynch M, Rowan N. Synergy Assessment of Four Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds for the Combinational Treatment of Bacterial Pathogens. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2216. [PMID: 37626713 PMCID: PMC10452528 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a topic of great concern in recent years, with much effort being committed to developing alternative treatments for resistant bacterial pathogens. Drug combinational therapies have been a major area of research for several years, with modern iterations using combining well-established antibiotics and other antimicrobials with the aim of discovering complementary mechanisms. Previously, we characterised four GRAS antimicrobials that can withstand thermal polymer extrusion processes for novel medical device-based and therapeutic applications. In the present study, four antimicrobial bioactive-silver nitrate, nisin, chitosan and zinc oxide-were assessed for their potential combined use as an alternative synergistic treatment for AMR bacteria via a broth microdilution assay based on a checkerboard format. The bioactives were tested in arrangements of two-, three- and four-drug combinations, and their interactions were determined and expressed in terms of a synergy score. Results have revealed interesting interactions based on treatments against recognised test bacterial strains that cause human and animal infections, namely E. coli, S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Silver nitrate was seen to greatly enhance the efficacy of its paired treatment. Combinations with nisin, which is a lantibiotic, exhibited the most interesting results, as nisin has no effect against Gram-negative bacteria when used alone; however, it demonstrated antimicrobial effects when combined with silver nitrate or chitosan. This study constitutes the first study to both report on practical three- and four-drug combinational assays and utilise these methods for the assessment of established and emerging antimicrobials. The novel methods and results presented in this study show the potential to explore previously unknown drug combination compatibility measures in an ease-of-use- and high-throughput-based format, which can greatly help future research that aims to identify appropriate alternative treatments for AMR, including the screening of potential new bioactives biorefined from various sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Masterson
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Mark Lynch
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
| | - Neil Rowan
- Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (M.L.); (N.R.)
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19
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Mahmoud M, Richter P, Lebert M, Burkovski A. Photodynamic Activity of Chlorophyllin and Polyethylenimine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Planktonic, Biofilm and Persister Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12098. [PMID: 37569471 PMCID: PMC10419130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is considered a promising antimicrobial approach that may not develop resistance in the near future. Here, we investigate the influence of the photosensitizer chlorophyllin (CHL) and the cationic permeabilizer polyethylenimine (PEI), exposed to a red light-emitting diode, on the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa free-living planktonic cells, the sessile biofilm and persister cells. The broth microdilution checkerboard method was used to test antimicrobial susceptibility. As a substrate for biofilms, the Calgary biofilm device was used, and the quantification of the biofilm biomass was carried out using a crystal violet assay. Serine hydroxamate was used for the induction of persisters. Our findings reveal that PEI ameliorates the antimicrobial activity of CHL against P. aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm states, and the concentration required to eradicate the bacteria in the biofilm is more than fourfold that is required to eradicate planktonic cells. Interestingly, the persister cells are more susceptible to CHL/PEI (31.25/100 µg mL-1) than the growing cells by 1.7 ± 0.12 and 0.4 ± 0.1 log10 reduction, respectively, after 15 min of illumination. These data demonstrate that CHL excited with red light together with PEI is promising for the eradication of P. aeruginosa, and the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to CHL/PEI is influenced by the concentrations and the exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mahmoud
- Department of Biology, Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (A.B.)
- Dairy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Peter Richter
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Cell Biology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Michael Lebert
- Gravitational Biology Group, Department of Biology, Cell Biology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
- Space Biology Unlimited S.A.S., 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Department of Biology, Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.M.); (A.B.)
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20
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Thomassen GMB, Reiche T, Hjørungnes M, Mehli L. High Disinfectant Tolerance in Pseudomonas spp. Biofilm Aids the Survival of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1414. [PMID: 37374916 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. are the most commonly found bacteria in food-processing environments due to properties such as a high growth rate at low temperatures, a high tolerance of antimicrobial agents, and biofilm formation. In this study, a set of Pseudomonas isolates originating from cleaned and disinfected surfaces in a salmon processing facility were screened for biofilm formation at 12 °C. A high variation in biofilm formation between the isolates was observed. Selected isolates, in both planktonic and biofilm states, were tested for resistance/tolerance to a commonly used disinfectant (peracetic acid-based) and antibiotic florfenicol. Most isolates showed a much higher tolerance in the biofilm state than in the planktonic state. In a multi-species biofilm experiment with five Pseudomonas strains with and without a Listeria monocytogenes strain, the Pseudomonas biofilm appeared to aid the survival of L. monocytogenes cells after disinfection, underscoring the importance of controlling the bacterial load in food-processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn Merethe Bjørge Thomassen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thorben Reiche
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Martinus Hjørungnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Mehli
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Ayon NJ. High-Throughput Screening of Natural Product and Synthetic Molecule Libraries for Antibacterial Drug Discovery. Metabolites 2023; 13:625. [PMID: 37233666 PMCID: PMC10220967 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the continued emergence of resistance and a lack of new and promising antibiotics, bacterial infection has become a major public threat. High-throughput screening (HTS) allows rapid screening of a large collection of molecules for bioactivity testing and holds promise in antibacterial drug discovery. More than 50% of the antibiotics that are currently available on the market are derived from natural products. However, with the easily discoverable antibiotics being found, finding new antibiotics from natural sources has seen limited success. Finding new natural sources for antibacterial activity testing has also proven to be challenging. In addition to exploring new sources of natural products and synthetic biology, omics technology helped to study the biosynthetic machinery of existing natural sources enabling the construction of unnatural synthesizers of bioactive molecules and the identification of molecular targets of antibacterial agents. On the other hand, newer and smarter strategies have been continuously pursued to screen synthetic molecule libraries for new antibiotics and new druggable targets. Biomimetic conditions are explored to mimic the real infection model to better study the ligand-target interaction to enable the designing of more effective antibacterial drugs. This narrative review describes various traditional and contemporaneous approaches of high-throughput screening of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery. It further discusses critical factors for HTS assay design, makes a general recommendation, and discusses possible alternatives to traditional HTS of natural products and synthetic molecule libraries for antibacterial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid J Ayon
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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22
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Xiao T, Liu K, Gao Q, Chen M, Kim YS, Jin S, Ding Y, Huigens RW. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Carbonate-Linked Halogenated Phenazine-Quinone Prodrugs with Improved Water-Solubility and Potent Antibacterial Profiles. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:899-915. [PMID: 36867688 PMCID: PMC10551733 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have devastating impacts on human health as a result of acquired antibiotic resistance and innate tolerance. Every class of our current antibiotic arsenal was initially discovered as growth-inhibiting agents that target actively replicating (individual, free-floating) planktonic bacteria. Bacteria are notorious for utilizing a diversity of resistance mechanisms to overcome the action of conventional antibiotic therapies and forming surface-attached biofilm communities enriched in (non-replicating) persister cells. To address problems associated with pathogenic bacteria, our group is developing halogenated phenazine (HP) molecules that demonstrate potent antibacterial and biofilm-eradicating activities through a unique iron starvation mode of action. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and investigated a focused collection of carbonate-linked HP prodrugs bearing a quinone trigger to target the reductive cytoplasm of bacteria for bioactivation and subsequent HP release. The quinone moiety also contains a polyethylene glycol group, which dramatically enhances the water-solubility properties of the HP-quinone prodrugs reported herein. We found carbonate-linked HP-quinone prodrugs 11, 21-23 to demonstrate good linker stability, rapid release of the active HP warhead following dithiothreitol (reductive) treatment, and potent antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. In addition, HP-quinone prodrug 21 induced rapid iron starvation in MRSA and S. epidermidis biofilms, illustrating prodrug action within these surface-attached communities. Overall, we are highly encouraged by these findings and believe that HP prodrugs have the potential to address antibiotic resistant and tolerant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Qiwen Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Manyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Young S Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Robert W Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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23
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Fedeli S, Huang R, Oz Y, Zhang X, Gupta A, Gopalakrishnan S, Makabenta JMV, Lamkin S, Sanyal A, Xu Y, Rotello VM. Biodegradable Antibacterial Bioorthogonal Polymeric Nanocatalysts Prepared by Flash Nanoprecipitation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15260-15268. [PMID: 36920076 PMCID: PMC10699753 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal activation of pro-dyes and prodrugs using transition-metal catalysts (TMCs) provides a promising strategy for imaging and therapeutic applications. TMCs can be loaded into polymeric nanoparticles through hydrophobic encapsulation to generate polymeric nanocatalysts with enhanced solubility and stability. However, biomedical use of these nanostructures faces challenges due to unwanted tissue accumulation of nonbiodegradable nanomaterials and cytotoxicity of heavy-metal catalysts. We report here the creation of fully biodegradable nanocatalysts based on an engineered FDA-approved polymer and the naturally existing catalyst hemin. Stable nanocatalysts were generated through kinetic stabilization using flash nanoprecipitation. The therapeutic potential of these nanocatalysts was demonstrated through effective treatment of bacterial biofilms through the bioorthogonal activation of a pro-antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yavuz Oz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sanjana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jessa Marie V. Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Stephanie Lamkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 P. R. China
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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24
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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Potential of Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oils against Pure and Mixed Cultures of Foodborne Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030565. [PMID: 36978432 PMCID: PMC10044171 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms through the food chain still faces major mitigation challenges, despite modern advances. Although multiple cleaning and disinfection procedures are available for microbial load reduction in food-related settings, microbes can still remain on surfaces, equipment, or machinery, especially if they have the ability to form biofilms. The present study assessed the biofilm-forming properties of pure and mixed cultures of foodborne and spoilage bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophila, Brochothrix thermosphacta), using polystyrene and stainless steel contact surfaces. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Thymus vulgaris and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils—EOs—were evaluated against these bacteria. Moreover, in silico prediction of the absorption and toxicity values of the EOs’ major constituents was also performed, perceiving the putative application in food-related settings. Overall, biofilm formation was observed for all microbes under study, at different temperatures and both contact surfaces. In polystyrene, at 25 °C, when comparing pure with mixed cultures, the combination Listeria–Aeromonas achieved the highest biofilm biomass. Moreover, at 4 °C, increased biofilm formation was detected in stainless steel. Regarding thyme, this EO showed promising antimicrobial features (especially against A. hydrophila, with a MIC of 0.60 µg/µL) and antibiofilm abilities (MBEC of 110.79 µg/µL against L. monocytogenes, a major concern in food settings). As for lemongrass EO, the highest antimicrobial activity, with a MIC of 0.49 µg/µL, was also observed against L. monocytogenes. Overall, despite promising results, the in situ effectiveness of these essential oils, alone or in combination with other antimicrobial compounds, should be further explored.
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25
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Wang YY, Zhang XY, Zhong XL, Huang YJ, Lin J, Chen WM. Design and Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-pyridin-4(1 H)-ones-Ciprofloxacin Conjugates as Dual Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2169-2193. [PMID: 36692083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are often complicated by the fact that it can easily form a biofilm that increases its resistance to antibiotics. Consequently, the development of novel antibacterial agents against biofilm-associated drug-resistant P. aeruginosa is urgently needed. Herein, we report a series of 3-hydroxy-pyridin-4(1H)-ones-ciprofloxacin conjugates that were designed and synthesized as dual antibacterial and antibiofilm agents against P. aeruginosa. A potential 2-substituted 3-hydroxy-1,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one-ciprofloxacin conjugate (5e) was identified and had the best minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.86 and 0.43 μM against P. aeruginosa 27853 and PAO1 and reduced 78.3% of biofilm formation. In addition, 5e eradicates mature biofilms and kills living bacterial cells that are incorporated into the biofilm. Studies on the antibiofilm mechanism of conjugates showed that 5e interferes with iron uptake by bacteria, inhibits their motility, and reduces the production of virulence. These results demonstrate that 3-hydroxy-pyridin-4(1H)-ones-ciprofloxacin conjugates are potent in the treatment of biofilm-associated drug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yong-Jun Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jing Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 511400, China
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26
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Hamed MM, Abdelsamie AS, Rox K, Schütz C, Kany AM, Röhrig T, Schmelz S, Blankenfeldt W, Arce‐Rodriguez A, Borrero‐de Acuña JM, Jahn D, Rademacher J, Ringshausen FC, Cramer N, Tümmler B, Hirsch AKH, Hartmann RW, Empting M. Towards Translation of PqsR Inverse Agonists: From In Vitro Efficacy Optimization to In Vivo Proof-of-Principle. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204443. [PMID: 36596691 PMCID: PMC9929129 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic human pathogen, which is involved in a wide range of dangerous infections. It develops alarming resistances toward antibiotic treatment. Therefore, alternative strategies, which suppress pathogenicity or synergize with antibiotic treatments are in great need to combat these infections more effectively. One promising approach is to disarm the bacteria by interfering with their quorum sensing (QS) system, which regulates the release of various virulence factors as well as biofilm formation. Herein, this work reports the rational design, optimization, and in-depth profiling of a new class of Pseudomonas quinolone signaling receptor (PqsR) inverse agonists. The resulting frontrunner compound features a pyrimidine-based scaffold, high in vitro and in vivo efficacy, favorable pharmacokinetics as well as clean safety pharmacology characteristics, which provide the basis for potential pulmonary as well as systemic routes of administration. An X-ray crystal structure in complex with PqsR facilitated further structure-guided lead optimization. The compound demonstrates potent pyocyanin suppression, synergizes with aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin against PA biofilms, and is active against a panel of clinical isolates from bronchiectasis patients. Importantly, this in vitro effect translated into in vivo efficacy in a neutropenic thigh infection model in mice providing a proof-of-principle for adjunctive treatment scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Hamed
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Ahmed S. Abdelsamie
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial ProductsInstitute of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchNational Research CentreEl‐Buhouth St.DokkiCairo12622Egypt
| | - Katharina Rox
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Inhoffenstr. 7 Braunschweig38124SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christian Schütz
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Andreas M. Kany
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Teresa Röhrig
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Stefan Schmelz
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins (SFPR)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Inhoffenstr. 7 Braunschweig38124SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins (SFPR)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Inhoffenstr. 7 Braunschweig38124SaarbrückenGermany
- Institute for BiochemistryBiotechnology and BioinformaticsTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | | | - José Manuel Borrero‐de Acuña
- Institute of MicrobiologyTechnische Universität Braunschweig38106BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technische Universität Braunschweig38106BraunschweigGermany
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaAv. de la Reina Mercedesno. 6SevillaCP 41012Spain
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Institute of MicrobiologyTechnische Universität Braunschweig38106BraunschweigGermany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS)Technische Universität Braunschweig38106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Jessica Rademacher
- Department for Respiratory MedicineMedizinische Hochschule HannoverCarl‐Neuberg‐Str. 130625HannoverGermany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH)German Center for Lung Research (DZL)30625HannoverGermany
| | - Felix C. Ringshausen
- Department for Respiratory MedicineMedizinische Hochschule HannoverCarl‐Neuberg‐Str. 130625HannoverGermany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH)German Center for Lung Research (DZL)30625HannoverGermany
- European Reference Network on Rare and Complex Respiratory Diseases (ERN‐ LUNG)FrankfurtGermany
| | - Nina Cramer
- Department for Pediatric PneumologyAllergology and NeonatologyMedizinische Hochschule HannoverCarl‐Neuberg‐Str. 130625HannoverGermany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH)German Center for Lung Research (DZL)30625HannoverGermany
- Department for Pediatric PneumologyAllergology and NeonatologyMedizinische Hochschule HannoverCarl‐Neuberg‐Str. 130625HannoverGermany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz‐Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Partner Site Hannover‐Braunschweig Saarbrücken66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland University Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
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27
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Farzand R, Croix MDS, Dave N, Bayliss CD. Development of a robust and quantitative high-throughput screening method for assessing phenotypic variation in large Neisseria meningitidis isolate collections. MethodsX 2023; 10:102091. [PMID: 36937816 PMCID: PMC10020651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies are a powerful approach for identifying determinants of disease. For infectious diseases, high throughput assays are required for measuring the variance in multiple virulence-related phenotypes of large bacterial isolate collections and for association of this phenotypic variance with genotype. The primary limiting factors are cost, effectiveness and a standardized inoculum. A method was developed to create an inoculum array of multiple isolates that could be used for a series of high-throughput multi-isolate phenotypic investigations in a laboratory setting. A key starting point was the standardisation of the inoculum by production of identical batches of each isolate from cells grown to mid-log phase. Cultures with pre-determined optical densities were aliquoted in set patterns into multiple multi-well plates containing 50% glycerol and stored at -80 °C. Prior to a specific assay, an inoculum plate was defrosted and subjected to a brief period of incubation. Control strains can be placed on each plate in order to control for intra-assay variability. A high throughput screen is described in detail for quantification of biofilm formation. This example utilised the crystal violet staining method and multi-assay stock plates containing 16 meningococcal isolates.•Multi-assay stock plate of exponentially growing isolates is cost-effective and simple to implement in a laboratory setting.•This method would predict realistic standard deviations for multiple isolates in phenotypic assays and generate data for performance of power calculations for genotyping.•This method has the potential to identify both known and unknown genetic determinants of phenotypic variability for each tested isolate when paired with genetic analysis of whole genome sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robeena Farzand
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author.
| | - Megan De Ste Croix
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
- Academic Quality and Development, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom
| | - Neelam Dave
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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28
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Ajish C, Kumar SD, Kim EY, Yang S, Shin SY. A short novel antimicrobial peptide BP100-W with antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities designed by replacement with tryptophan. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBP100 is a short cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) designed using a combinatorial chemistry approach based on the cecropin A-melittin hybrid. It displays potent antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria and low toxicity toward eukaryotic cells. To develop a short AMP with potent cell selectivity, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activities, we designed a newly BP100 analog, BP100-W, in which Leu-3 at the hydrophobic face of BP100 was replaced by Trp. BP100-W possessed better cell selectivity, with a 1.7-fold higher therapeutic index than BP100. BP100-W displayed more effective synergistic activity when combined with several antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and oxacillin, compared to BP-100. BP100-W also exhibited stronger antibiofilm activity than BP100 in inhibiting biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) and eradicating the preformed biofilms of MDRPA. Moreover, unlike BP100, BP100-W significantly suppressed the production and expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide. Boron-dipyrromethene-TR-cadaverine displacement assay demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of BP100-W on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells may be due to increased direct interaction with LPS. Our results suggest that BP100-W exhibits potential for future use as an antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory agent.
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29
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Lallukka M, Gamna F, Gobbo VA, Prato M, Najmi Z, Cochis A, Rimondini L, Ferraris S, Spriano S. Surface Functionalization of Ti6Al4V-ELI Alloy with Antimicrobial Peptide Nisin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4332. [PMID: 36500956 PMCID: PMC9737843 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are a severe global concern, especially in the case of orthopedic implants intended for long-term or permanent use. The traditional treatment through systemic antibiotic administration is often inefficient due to biofilm formation, and concerns regarding the development of highly resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is an unfulfilled need for antibiotic-free alternatives that could simultaneously support bone regeneration and prevent bacterial infection. This study aimed to perform, optimize, and characterize the surface functionalization of Ti6Al4V-ELI discs by an FDA-approved antimicrobial peptide, nisin, known to hold a broad antibacterial spectrum. Accordingly, nisin bioactivity was also evaluated by in vitro release tests both in physiological and inflammatory pH conditions. Several methods, such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Kelvin Probe atomic force microscopy confirmed the presence of a physisorbed nisin layer on the alloy surface. The functionalization performed at pH 6-7 was found to be especially effective due to the nisin configuration exposing its hydrophobic tail outwards, which is also responsible for its antimicrobial action. In addition, the first evidence of gradual nisin release both in physiological and inflammatory conditions was obtained: the static contact angle becomes half of the starting one after 7 days of soaking on the functionalized sample, while it becomes 0° on the control samples. Finally, the evaluation of the antibacterial performance toward the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus after 24 h of inoculation showed the ability of nisin adsorbed at pH 6 to prevent bacterial microfouling into biofilm-like aggregates in comparison with the uncoated specimens: viable bacterial colonies showed a reduction of about 40% with respect to the un-functionalized surface and the formation of (microcolonies (biofilm-like aggregates) is strongly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Lallukka
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Gamna
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Virginia Alessandra Gobbo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ziba Najmi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases—CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Ferraris
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Spriano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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30
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Oda S, Tanikawa A. A new plate-hanging method for biofilm quantification and its application to evaluate the role of surface hydrophobicity. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 203:106608. [PMID: 36343771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel procedure for the quantitative analysis of biofilm formation by bacteria and yeasts, the Plate-hanging method, was developed. In this system, various polymer disks were hung from the lid of a 6-well plate, immersed in a cell suspension, and moderately shaken (70 rpm). In order to verify the validity of the procedure, the effects of the solid surface hydrophobicity of the test disks and the cell surface hydrophobicities of microorganisms on biofilm formation were investigated. Biofilm formation of bacteria and yeasts on the solid surface strongly depended on hydrophobic interactions between the solid surface and the cell surface. A positive correlation between the hydrophobic properties of substratum and cell surfaces was observed. On the other hand, hydrophilic yeasts preferentially adsorbed onto relatively hydrophilic surfaces. Moreover, the plate-hanging method coupled with the periodic exchange of the liquid medium enabled the quantification of long-term biofilm growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Oda
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan; Research Laboratory for Integrated Technological Systems, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan.
| | - Ayami Tanikawa
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0838, Japan
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Xu T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Lee Y, Zhao J, Lu W, Zhang H. Characterization of Mixed-Species Biofilms Formed by Four Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122332. [PMID: 36557585 PMCID: PMC9781930 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural settings, approximately 40-80% of bacteria exist as biofilms, most of which are mixed-species biofilms. Previous studies have typically focused on single- or dual-species biofilms. To expand the field of study on gut biofilms, we found a group of gut microbiota that can form biofilms well in vitro: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacteroides ovatus, and Lactobacillus gasseri. The increase in biomass and bio-volume of the mixed-species biofilm was confirmed via crystal violet staining, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealing a strong synergistic relationship in these communities, with B. longum being the key biofilm-contributing species. This interaction may be related to changes in the cell number, biofilm-related genes, and metabolic activities. After quantifying the cell number using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, B. longum and L. gasseri were found to be the dominant flora in the mixed-species biofilm. In addition, this study analyzed biological properties of mixed-species biofilms, such as antibiotic resistance, cell metabolic activity, and concentration of water-insoluble polysaccharides. Compared with single-species biofilms, mixed-species biofilms had higher metabolic activity, more extracellular matrix, and greater antibiotic resistance. From these results, we can see that the formation of biofilms is a self-protection mechanism of gut microbiota, and the formation of mixed-species biofilms can greatly improve the survival rate of different strains. Finally, this study is a preliminary exploration of the biological characteristics of gut biofilms, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of biofilms warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuankun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-510-8591-2155
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Kouijzer JJP, Noordermeer DJ, van Leeuwen WJ, Verkaik NJ, Lattwein KR. Native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: A review and update on current innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995508. [PMID: 36263017 PMCID: PMC9574252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening microbial infection of native and prosthetic heart valves, endocardial surface, and/or indwelling cardiac device. Prevalence of IE is increasing and mortality has not significantly improved despite technological advances. This review provides an updated overview using recent literature on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, imaging, causative pathogens, treatment, and outcomes in native valve, prosthetic valve, and cardiac device-related IE. In addition, the experimental approaches used in IE research to improve the understanding of disease mechanisms and the current diagnostic pipelines are discussed, as well as potential innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This will ultimately help towards deriving better diagnostic tools and treatments to improve IE patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop J. P. Kouijzer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle J. Noordermeer
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. van Leeuwen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nelianne J. Verkaik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kirby R. Lattwein
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Tillander JAN, Rilby K, Svensson Malchau K, Skovbjerg S, Lindberg E, Rolfson O, Trobos M. Treatment of periprosthetic joint infections guided by minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) in addition to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): protocol for a prospective randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058168. [PMID: 36109038 PMCID: PMC9478849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are disastrous complications for patients and costly for healthcare organisations. They may promote bacterial resistance due to the extensive antibiotic use necessary in the PJI treatment. The PJI incidence is estimated to be 1%-3%, but the absolute numbers worldwide are high and increasing as large joint arthroplasties are performed by the millions each year. Current treatment algorithms, based on implant preserving surgery or full revision followed by a semitailored antibiotic regimen for no less than 2-3 months, lead to infection resolution in approximately 60% and 90%, respectively. Antibiotic choice is currently guided by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of free-living bacteria and not of bacteria in biofilm growth mode. Biofilm assays with relatively rapid output for the determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) have previously been developed but their clinical usefulness have not been established. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This single-blinded, two-arm randomised study of hip or knee staphylococcal PJI will evaluate 6-week standard of care (MIC guided), or an alternative antibiotic regimen according to an MBEC-guided-based decision algorithm. Sixty-four patients with a first-time PJI treated according to the debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention principle will be enrolled at a single tertiary orthopaedic centre (Sahlgrenska University Hospital). Patients will receive 14 days of standard parenteral antibiotics before entering the comparative study arms. The primary outcome measurement is the proportion of changes in antimicrobial regimen from first-line treatment dependent on randomisation arm. Secondary endpoints are unresolved infection, how microbial properties including biofilm abilities and emerging antimicrobial resistance correlate to infection outcomes, patient reported outcomes and costs with a 12-month follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval is received from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, no 2020-01471 and the Swedish Medical Products Agency, EudraCT, no 2020-003444-80. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04488458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan A N Tillander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Rilby
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Svensson Malchau
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Skovbjerg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Erika Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
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Dinesh Kumar S, Park JH, Kim HS, Seo CD, Ajish C, Kim EY, Lim HS, Shin SY. Cationic, amphipathic small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114747. [PMID: 36103802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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Valzano F, Boncompagni SR, Micieli M, Di Maggio T, Di Pilato V, Colombini L, Santoro F, Pozzi G, Rossolini GM, Pallecchi L. Activity of N-Acetylcysteine Alone and in Combination with Colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Transcriptomic Response to N-Acetylcysteine Exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0100622. [PMID: 35735984 PMCID: PMC9431628 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01006-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is critical in cystic fibrosis (CF) and other chronic lung diseases, contributing to disease progression. Biofilm growth and a propensity to evolve multidrug resistance phenotypes drastically limit the available therapeutic options. In this perspective, there has been growing interest in evaluating combination therapies, especially for drugs that can be administered by nebulization, which allows high drug concentrations to be reached at the site of infections while limiting systemic toxicity. Here, we investigated the potential antibiofilm activity of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alone and in combination with colistin against a panel of P. aeruginosa strains (most of which are from CF patients) and the transcriptomic response of a P. aeruginosa CF strain to NAC exposure. NAC alone (8,000 mg/L) showed a limited and strain-dependent antibiofilm activity. Nonetheless, a relevant antibiofilm synergism of NAC-colistin combinations (NAC at 8,000 mg/L plus colistin at 2 to 32 mg/L) was observed with all strains. Synergism was also confirmed with the artificial sputum medium model. RNA sequencing of NAC-exposed planktonic cultures revealed that NAC (8,000 mg/L) mainly induced (i) a Zn2+ starvation response (known to induce attenuation of P. aeruginosa virulence), (ii) downregulation of genes of the denitrification apparatus, and (iii) downregulation of flagellar biosynthesis pathway. NAC-mediated inhibition of P. aeruginosa denitrification pathway and flagellum-mediated motility were confirmed experimentally. These findings suggested that NAC-colistin combinations might contribute to the management of biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa lung infections. NAC might also have a role in reducing P. aeruginosa virulence, which could be relevant in the very early stages of lung colonization. IMPORTANCE Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-related chronic lung colonization contributes to cystic fibrosis (CF) disease progression. Colistin is often a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of such P. aeruginosa infections, and it has been increasingly used in CF, especially by nebulization. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic agent with antioxidant activity, commonly administered with antibiotics for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. Here, we show that NAC potentiated colistin activity against in vitro biofilms models of P. aeruginosa strains, with both drugs tested at the high concentrations achievable after nebulization. In addition, we report the first transcriptomic data on the P. aeruginosa response to NAC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Valzano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Micieli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Maggio
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Colombini
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gianni Pozzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Pallecchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Harding MW, Marques LLR, Allan N, Olson ME, Buziak B, Nadworny P, Omar A, Howard RJ, Feng J. Bactericidal Efficacy of Oxidized Silver against Biofilms Formed by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 38:334-344. [PMID: 35953053 PMCID: PMC9372099 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt is a re-emerging disease on dry bean and can affect many other crop species within the Fabaceae. The causal agent, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (CFF), is a small, Gram-positive, rodshaped bacterium that is seed-transmitted. Infections in the host become systemic, leading to wilting and economic loss. Clean seed programs and bactericidal seed treatments are two critical management tools. This study characterizes the efficacies of five bactericidal chemicals against CFF. It was hypothesized that this bacterium was capable of forming biofilms, and that the cells within biofilms would be more tolerant to bactericidal treatments. The minimum biocide eradication concentration assay protocol was used to grow CFF biofilms, expose the biofilms to bactericides, and enumerate survivors compared to a non-treated control (water). Streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate had EC95 values at the lowest concentrations and are likely the best candidates for seed treatment products for controlling seed-borne bacterial wilt of bean. The results showed that CFF formed biofilms during at least two phases of the bacterial wilt disease cycle, and the biofilms were much more difficult to eradicate than their planktonic counterparts. Overall, biofilm formation by CFF is an important part of the bacterial wilt disease cycle in dry edible bean and antibiofilm bactericides such as streptomycin and oxysilver bisulfate may be best suited for use in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Harding
- Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Crop Diversification Centre South, Brooks, AB, T1R 1E6,
Canada
| | | | - Nick Allan
- Chinook Contract Research, Airdrie, AB, T4A 0C3,
Canada
| | | | | | | | - Amin Omar
- Innovotech Inc., Edmonton, AB, T6N 1H1,
Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman,
Jordan
| | | | - Jie Feng
- Alberta Agriculture, Forestry and Rural Economic Development, Alberta Plant Health Lab, Edmonton, Alberta, T5Y 6H3,
Canada
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Bonifacio MA, Cometa S, Cochis A, Scalzone A, Gentile P, Scalia AC, Rimondini L, Mastrorilli P, De Giglio E. A bioprintable gellan gum/lignin hydrogel: a smart and sustainable route for cartilage regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:336-346. [PMID: 35798077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work a hydrogel, based on a blend of two gellan gums with different acyl content embedding lignin (up to 0.4%w/v) and crosslinked with magnesium ions, was developed for cartilage regeneration. The physico-chemical characterizations established that no chemical interaction between lignin and polysaccharides was detected. Lignin achieved up to 80 % of ascorbic acid's radical scavenging activity in vitro on DPPH and ABTS radicals. Viability of hMSC onto hydrogel containing lignin resulted comparable to the lignin-free one (>70 % viable cells, p > 0.05). The presence of lignin improved the hMSC 3D-constructs chondrogenesis, bringing to a significant (p < 0.05) up-regulation of the collagen type II, aggrecan and SOX 9 chondrogenic genes, and conferred bacteriostatic properties to the hydrogel, reducing the proliferation of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Finally, cellularized 3D-constructs were manufactured via 3D-bioprinting confirming the processability of the formulation as a bioink and its unique biological features for creating a physiological milieu for cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Bonifacio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Andrea Cochis
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Annachiara Scalzone
- Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Claremont Road, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- Newcastle University, School of Engineering, Claremont Road, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Alessandro C Scalia
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, CAAD, Department of Health Sciences, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Piero Mastrorilli
- DICATECh Department Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Elvira De Giglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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Nabawy A, Makabenta JM, Schmidt-Malan S, Park J, Li CH, Huang R, Fedeli S, Chattopadhyay AN, Patel R, Rotello VM. Dual antimicrobial-loaded biodegradable nanoemulsions for synergistic treatment of wound biofilms. J Control Release 2022; 347:379-388. [PMID: 35550914 PMCID: PMC11060603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound biofilm infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria constitute a major threat to public health; acquired resistance combined with resistance associated with the biofilm phenotype makes combatting these infections challenging. Biodegradable polymeric nanoemulsions that encapsulate two hydrophobic antimicrobial agents (eugenol and triclosan) (TE-BNEs) as a strategy to combat chronic wound infections are reported here. The cationic nanoemulsions efficiently penetrate and accumulate in biofilms, synergistically eradicating MDR bacterial biofilms, including persister cells. Notably, the nanoemulsion platform displays excellent biocompatibility and delays emergence of resistance to triclosan. The TE-BNEs are active in an in vivo murine model of mature MDR wound biofilm infections, with 99% bacterial elimination. The efficacy of this system coupled with prevention of emergence of bacterial resistance highlight the potential of this combination platform to treat MDR wound biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nabawy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Jessa Marie Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Suzannah Schmidt-Malan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
| | - Jungmi Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Stefano Fedeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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Enhanced Exoelectrogenic Activity of Cupriavidus metallidurans in Bioelectrochemical Systems through the Expression of a Constitutively Active Diguanylate Cyclase. ENVIRONMENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/environments9070080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electroactive bacteria have a wide range of applications, including electricity production, bioremediation, and the sensing of toxic compounds. Bacterial biofilm formation is often mediated by the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) synthesized by a diguanylate cyclase (DGC). The role of c-di-GMP in the expression of c-type cytochromes has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to determine the bioelectrogenic activity of Cupriavidus metallidurans strain CH34 pJBpleD*, which possesses a constitutively active DGC that increases c-di-GMP levels. Notably, the heterologous expression of the constitutively active DGC in C. metallidurans strain CH34 pJBpleD* showed a higher biofilm formation and increased the electrical current production up to 560%. In addition, C. metallidurans CH34 pJBpleD* showed increased levels of c-type cytochrome-associated transcripts compared with the wild-type strain CH34. Scanning electron microscopies revealed a denser extracellular matrix with an increased exopolymeric substance content in the CH34 pJBpleD* biofilm on the electrode surface. The results of this study suggest that higher levels of c-di-GMP synthesized by a constitutively active diguanylate cyclase in C. metallidurans strain CH34 pJBpleD* activated the formation of an electroactive biofilm on the electrode, enhancing its exoelectrogenic activity.
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Sivaranjani M, McCarthy MC, Sniatynski MK, Wu L, Dillon JAR, Rubin JE, White AP. Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of E. coli Associated With Colibacillosis Outbreaks in Broiler Chickens From Saskatchewan. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841516. [PMID: 35783405 PMCID: PMC9247541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry has grown to the extent that the number of chickens now well exceeds the number of humans on Earth. Escherichia coli infections in poultry cause significant morbidity and economic losses for producers each year. We obtained 94 E. coli isolates from 12 colibacillosis outbreaks on Saskatchewan farms and screened them for antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Fifty-six isolates were from broilers with confirmed colibacillosis, and 38 isolates were from healthy broilers in the same flocks (cecal E. coli). Resistance to penicillins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was common in isolates from all 12 outbreaks, while cephalosporin resistance varied by outbreak. Most E. coli were able to form biofilms in at least one of three growth media (1/2 TSB, M63, and BHI broth). There was an overall trend that disease-causing E. coli had more antibiotic resistance and were more likely to form biofilms in nutrient-rich media (BHI) as compared to cecal strains. However, on an individual strain basis, there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. The 21 strongest biofilm forming strains consisted of both disease-causing and cecal isolates that were either drug resistant or susceptible. Draft whole genome sequencing indicated that many known antimicrobial resistance genes were present on plasmids, with disease-causing E. coli having more plasmids on average than their cecal counterparts. We tested four common disinfectants for their ability to kill 12 of the best biofilm forming strains. All disinfectants killed single cells effectively, but biofilm cells were more resistant, although the difference was less pronounced for the disinfectants that have multiple modes of action. Our results indicate that there is significant diversity and complexity in E. coli poultry isolates, with different lifestyle pressures affecting disease-causing and cecal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Sivaranjani
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Madeline C. McCarthy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michelle K. Sniatynski
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linzhi Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jo-Anne R. Dillon
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joseph E. Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aaron P. White
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aaron P. White,
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41
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Yeung YWS, Ma Y, Liu SY, Pun WH, Chua SL. Prevalence of alcohol-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens on public hand sanitizer dispensers. J Hosp Infect 2022; 127:26-33. [PMID: 35690267 PMCID: PMC9176178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, alcohol-based hand sanitizer dispensers (HSDs) have been installed in most public and clinical settings for hygiene purposes and convenient application. Aim To determine whether sanitizer-tolerant bacterial pathogens can colonize HSDs, spreading diseases and antibiotic resistance. Methods Sampling was conducted from operational automatic HSDs, specifically the dispensing nozzle in direct contact with sanitizer. Culture-dependent cultivation of bacteria and MALDI-TOF were employed to assess microbiological contamination. Bacterial isolates were selected for rapid killing and biofilm eradication assays with alcohol treatment. Antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration assays were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Virulence potential of bacterial isolates was evaluated in the Caenorhadbitis elegans infection model. Findings Nearly 50% of HSDs from 52 locations, including clinical settings, food industry, and public spaces, contain microbial contamination at 103–106 bacteria/mL. Bacterial identification revealed Bacillus cereus as the most frequent pathogen (29%), while Enterobacter cloacae was the only Gram-negative bacterial pathogen (2%). Selecting B. cereus and E. cloacae isolates for further evaluation, these isolates and associated biofilms were found to be tolerant to alcohol with survival up to 70%. They possessed resistance to various antibiotic classes, with higher virulence than laboratory strains in the C. elegans infection model. Conclusion HSDs serve as potential breeding grounds for dissemination of pathogens and antibiotic resistance across unaware users. Proper HSD maintenance will ensure protection of public health and sustainable use of sanitizing alcohols, to prevent emergence of alcohol-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoyo Wing Suet Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yeping Ma
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Sylvia Yang Liu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Song Lin Chua
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China; Research Centre for Deep Space Explorations (RCDSE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Food Biological Safety Control.
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42
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Luo L, Xu Y, Chang Y, Sun B, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Liang L. Microbiota Comparison of Amur ide ( Leuciscus waleckii) Intestine and Waters at Alkaline Water and Freshwater as the Living Environment. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:881132. [PMID: 35602074 PMCID: PMC9114670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.881132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of marine animals was influenced by the water and environment in which they live. The Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) adapts to extremely high alkalinity and is an ideal material for aquacultural studies of alkaline adaptation. In this study, we screened intestinal indicator flora and functional redundancy of intestinal colonies in alkaline-water species (AW) and freshwater species (FW) of Amur ide (L. waleckii) in these different aquatic environments. The available vs. community composition correlations were then predicted by contrasting each other with the flora contained in environmental water samples. Here, five microbial species and six genera were identified owing to the classifiable sequence. The intestinal microbiota that existed in AW and FW had approximately 1/3 of the operational taxonomic units in the respective living water environments, meaning gut microbes in the aqueous habitats will have an influential association with gut microbes in AW and FW. Compared to the bacterial composition of the FW intestine and that present in freshwater, Moraxella osloensis, Psychrobacter maritimus, and Psychrobacter faecalis were significantly enriched in the intestine of AW and alkaline water samples. In the FW intestine and freshwater samples, however, Cryptomonas curvata and Polynucleobacter asymbioticus were highly improved, which can be summarized as Enterobacter sp., the predominant population in the AW gut, while Aeromonas and Ralstonia being primarily present in FW intestines. Photosynthetic bacteria were most significant in both water samples. The results indicated that the intestinal microbiota composition, abundance, and diversity of AW and FW were quite different. In contrast, the microbial composition of the additional alkaline water and freshwater environments showed slight differences. This study expects to enhance our understanding of the alkalinity tolerance of L. waleckii, which will be provided for the breeding of fish living in alkaline water, and push the development of alkaline water resources with increased efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Xu
- The Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yumei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liqun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Multiplication and Cultivation of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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43
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Mutalik VK, Arkin AP. A Phage Foundry Framework to Systematically Develop Viral Countermeasures to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. iScience 2022; 25:104121. [PMID: 35402883 PMCID: PMC8983348 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
At its current rate, the rise of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections is predicted to paralyze our industries and healthcare facilities while becoming the leading global cause of loss of human life. With limited new antibiotics on the horizon, we need to invest in alternative solutions. Bacteriophages (phages)-viruses targeting bacteria-offer a powerful alternative approach to tackle bacterial infections. Despite recent advances in using phages to treat recalcitrant AMR infections, the field lacks systematic development of phage therapies scalable to different applications. We propose a Phage Foundry framework to establish metrics for phage characterization and to fill the knowledge and technological gaps in phage therapeutics. Coordinated investment in AMR surveillance, sampling, characterization, and data sharing procedures will enable rational exploitation of phages for treatments. A fully realized Phage Foundry will enhance the sharing of knowledge, technology, and viral reagents in an equitable manner and will accelerate the biobased economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Mutalik
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Adam P. Arkin
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Kim EY, Kumar SD, Ajish C, Lee CW, Shin S, Yang S, Bang JK, Shin SY. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of
TZP4
with conventional antibiotics against antibiotic‐resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - S. Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry Chonnam National University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Heui Shin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) Ochang Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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45
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Ajish C, Yang S, Kumar SD, Kim EY, Min HJ, Lee CW, Shin SH, Shin SY. A novel hybrid peptide composed of LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 with enhanced antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-biofilm activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4365. [PMID: 35288606 PMCID: PMC8921290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridizing two known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a simple and effective strategy for designing antimicrobial agents with enhanced cell selectivity against bacterial cells. Here, we generated a hybrid peptide Lf-KR in which LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 were linked with a Pro hinge to obtain a novel AMP with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm activities. Lf-KR exerted superior cell selectivity for bacterial cells over sheep red blood cells. Lf-KR showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities (MIC: 4–8 μM) against tested 12 bacterial strains and retained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of salts at physiological concentrations. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage assays showed that the enhanced antimicrobial activity of Lf-KR was due to increased permeabilization and depolarization of microbial membranes. Lf-KR significantly inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor‐α) in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Lf-KR showed a powerful eradication effect on preformed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) biofilms. We confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy that a large portion of the preformed MDRPA biofilm structure was perturbed by the addition of Lf-KR. Collectively, our results suggest that Lf-KR can be an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm candidate as a pharmaceutical agent.
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Liu K, Brivio M, Xiao T, Norwood VM, Kim YS, Jin S, Papagni A, Vaghi L, Huigens RW. Modular Synthetic Routes to Fluorine-Containing Halogenated Phenazine and Acridine Agents That Induce Rapid Iron Starvation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:280-295. [PMID: 35089005 PMCID: PMC9004446 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During infection, bacteria use an arsenal of resistance mechanisms to negate antibiotic therapies. In addition, pathogenic bacteria form surface-attached biofilms bearing enriched populations of metabolically dormant persister cells. Bacteria develop resistance in response to antibiotic insults; however, nonreplicating biofilms are innately tolerant to all classes of antibiotics. As such, molecules that can eradicate antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-tolerant bacteria are of importance. Here, we report modular synthetic routes to fluorine-containing halogenated phenazine (HP) and halogenated acridine (HA) agents with potent antibacterial and biofilm-killing activities. Nine fluorinated phenazines were rapidly accessed through a synthetic strategy involving (1) oxidation of fluorinated anilines to azobenzene intermediates, (2) SNAr with 2-methoxyaniline, and (3) cyclization to phenazines upon treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. Five structurally related acridine heterocycles were synthesized using SNAr and Buchwald-Hartwig approaches. From this focused collection, phenazines 5g, 5h, 5i, and acridine 9c demonstrated potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive pathogens (MIC = 0.04-0.78 μM). Additionally, 5g and 9c eradicated Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis biofilms with excellent potency (5g, MBEC = 4.69-6.25 μM; 9c, MBEC = 4.69-50 μM). Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), 5g, 5h, 5i, and 9c rapidly induce the transcription of iron uptake biomarkers isdB and sbnC in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) biofilms, and we conclude that these agents operate through iron starvation. Overall, fluorinated phenazine and acridine agents could lead to ground-breaking advances in the treatment of challenging bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Massimiliano Brivio
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Verrill M. Norwood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Young S. Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Robert W. Huigens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Reiprich A, Skalden L, Raab A, Bolotina N, Lang C. Lactobacillus crispatus DSM25988 as novel bioactive agent to co-aggregate Streptococcus pyogenes and to exclude it by binding to human cells. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:83-94. [PMID: 35144524 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus, is the major bacterial pathogen responsible for acute bacterial infection of the human oropharynx and the causative agent of scarlet fever. Estimates of the global burden of S. pyogenes related diseases revealed 616 million cases of pharyngitis, and at least 517,000 deaths due to severe invasive diseases and sequelae. Here we describe Lactobacillus crispatus DSM25988 that was identified among hundreds of Lactobacillus strains (referring to all organisms that were classified as Lactobacillaceae until 2020) showing ability to prevent adhesion of S. pyogenes to Detroit 562 cells, and to exhibit a masking and co-aggregating effect on S. pyogenes in vitro. L. crispatus DSM25988 also inhibits invasion of cultured human epithelial pharyngeal cells by S. pyogenes. Competitive binding to fibronectin might be involved in the inhibition process. Antiviral activity of the L. crispatus DSM25988 cells were identified in an in vitro cell model demonstrating that L. crispatus effectively excludes viruses from epithelial cells using SARS-CoV2 proteins as a model. This finding points to the potential of DSM25988 to protect cells from virus infection. Biological activity is retained in heat treated cells. The heat-treated Lactobacillus strain was further developed into functional throat lozenges, wherein its biological activity is stably maintained in the formulation. Lozenges containing L. crispatus DSM25988 underwent testing in an uncontrolled, prospective user study in 44 subjects with symptoms of sore throat for a period of up to 14 days. The study data shows promising safety and efficacy of the medical device when used against symptoms of sore throat like scratchy feeling, hoarse voice and swallowing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reiprich
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - L Skalden
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - A Raab
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - N Bolotina
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
| | - C Lang
- Belano medical AG, Neuendorfstraße 19, 16761 Hennigsdorf, Germany
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Zaborskytė G, Wistrand-Yuen E, Hjort K, Andersson DI, Sandegren L. Modular 3D-Printed Peg Biofilm Device for Flexible Setup of Surface-Related Biofilm Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:802303. [PMID: 35186780 PMCID: PMC8851424 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.802303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical device-related biofilms are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially chronic infections. Numerous diverse models to study surface-associated biofilms have been developed; however, their usability varies. Often, a simple method is desired without sacrificing throughput and biological relevance. Here, we present an in-house developed 3D-printed device (FlexiPeg) for biofilm growth, conceptually similar to the Calgary Biofilm device but aimed at increasing ease of use and versatility. Our device is modular with the lid and pegs as separate units, enabling flexible assembly with up- or down-scaling depending on the aims of the study. It also allows easy handling of individual pegs, especially when disruption of biofilm populations is needed for downstream analysis. The pegs can be printed in, or coated with, different materials to create surfaces relevant to the study of interest. We experimentally validated the use of the device by exploring the biofilms formed by clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, commonly associated with device-related infections. The biofilms were characterized by viable cell counts, biomass staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. We evaluated the effects of different additive manufacturing technologies, 3D printing resins, and coatings with, for example, silicone, to mimic a medical device surface. The biofilms formed on our custom-made pegs could be clearly distinguished based on species or strain across all performed assays, and they corresponded well with observations made in other models and clinical settings, for example, on urinary catheters. Overall, our biofilm device is a robust, easy-to-use, and relevant assay, suitable for a wide range of applications in surface-associated biofilm studies, including materials testing, screening for biofilm formation capacity, and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
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Recent Updates on Microbial Biofilms in Periodontitis: An Analysis of In Vitro Biofilm Models. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:159-174. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2199-2208. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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