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Wang C, Qiu J, Liu M, Wang Y, Yu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Han L. Microfluidic Biochips for Single-Cell Isolation and Single-Cell Analysis of Multiomics and Exosomes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401263. [PMID: 38767182 PMCID: PMC11267386 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell multiomic and exosome analyses are potent tools in various fields, such as cancer research, immunology, neuroscience, microbiology, and drug development. They facilitate the in-depth exploration of biological systems, providing insights into disease mechanisms and aiding in treatment. Single-cell isolation, which is crucial for single-cell analysis, ensures reliable cell isolation and quality control for further downstream analyses. Microfluidic chips are small lightweight systems that facilitate efficient and high-throughput single-cell isolation and real-time single-cell analysis on- or off-chip. Therefore, most current single-cell isolation and analysis technologies are based on the single-cell microfluidic technology. This review offers comprehensive guidance to researchers across different fields on the selection of appropriate microfluidic chip technologies for single-cell isolation and analysis. This review describes the design principles, separation mechanisms, chip characteristics, and cellular effects of various microfluidic chips available for single-cell isolation. Moreover, this review highlights the implications of using this technology for subsequent analyses, including single-cell multiomic and exosome analyses. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of microfluidic chip technology are outlined for multiplex single-cell isolation and multiomic and exosome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Jiaoyan Qiu
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Yihe Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of PeriodontologySchool and Hospital of StomatologyCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and TechnologyShandong UniversityQingdao266237China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence ApplicationJinan250100China
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Xie H, Guo W, Jiang H, Zhang T, Zhao L, Hu J, Gao S, Song S, Xu J, Xu L, Sun X, Ding Y, Jiang L, Ding X. Photosensitive Hydrogel with Temperature-Controlled Reversible Nano-Apertures for Single-Cell Protein Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308569. [PMID: 38483955 PMCID: PMC11109651 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Single cell western blot (scWB) is one of the most important methods for cellular heterogeneity profiling. However, current scWB based on conventional photoactive polyacrylamide hydrogel material suffers from the tradeoff between in-gel probing and separation resolution. Here, a highly sensitive temperature-controlled single-cell western blotting (tc-scWB) method is introduced, which is based on a thermo/photo-dualistic-sensitive polyacrylamide hydrogel, namely acrylic acid-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) assisted, N-isopropylacrylamide modified polyacrylamide (ANP) hydrogel. The ANP hydrogel is contracted at high-temperature to constrain protein band diffusion during microchip electrophoretic separation, while the gel aperture is expanded under low-temperature for better antibody penetration into the hydrogel. The tc-scWB method enables the separation and profiling of small-molecule-weight proteins with highly crosslinked gel (12% T) in SDS-PAGE. The tc-scWB is demonstrated on three metabolic and ER stress-specific proteins (CHOP, MDH2 and FH) in four pancreatic cell subtypes, revealing the expression of key enzymes in the Krebs cycle is upregulated with enhanced ER stress. It is found that ER stress can regulate crucial enzyme (MDH2 and FH) activities of metabolic cascade in cancer cells, boosting aerobic respiration to attenuate the Warburg effect and promote cell apoptosis. The tc-scWB is a general toolbox for the analysis of low-abundance small-molecular functional proteins at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Wenke Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Jinjuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Sunfengda Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Jiasu Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care UnitXinhua HospitalSchool of Medicine and School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200092China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
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Schlotheuber LJ, Lüchtefeld I, Eyer K. Antibodies, repertoires and microdevices in antibody discovery and characterization. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1207-1225. [PMID: 38165819 PMCID: PMC10898418 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00887h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies are paramount in treating a wide range of diseases, particularly in auto-immunity, inflammation and cancer, and novel antibody candidates recognizing a vast array of novel antigens are needed to expand the usefulness and applications of these powerful molecules. Microdevices play an essential role in this challenging endeavor at various stages since many general requirements of the overall process overlap nicely with the general advantages of microfluidics. Therefore, microfluidic devices are rapidly taking over various steps in the process of new candidate isolation, such as antibody characterization and discovery workflows. Such technologies can allow for vast improvements in time-lines and incorporate conservative antibody stability and characterization assays, but most prominently screenings and functional characterization within integrated workflows due to high throughput and standardized workflows. First, we aim to provide an overview of the challenges of developing new therapeutic candidates, their repertoires and requirements. Afterward, this review focuses on the discovery of antibodies using microfluidic systems, technological aspects of micro devices and small-scale antibody protein characterization and selection, as well as their integration and implementation into antibody discovery workflows. We close with future developments in microfluidic detection and antibody isolation principles and the field in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Johannes Schlotheuber
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Ines Lüchtefeld
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
- ETH Laboratory for Tumor and Stem Cell Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Peng Y, Zhang C, Deng M, Jiang H, Huang H, Li Y, Lai W, Lin YP, Yu J. A cell hybridization-based method of generating recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies for detecting cytokines. Biotechniques 2023; 75:150-156. [PMID: 37671637 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibodies (rabbit rAbs) have shown promise in various biomedical fields. However, it is challenging and costly to generate rabbit rAbs using traditional techniques. Here we describe a convenient and cost-effective method. Using this method, we generated rabbit rAbs against mouse soluble IL-6 receptor α with affinities in the range of 10-9 to 10-12 M. The presented method is suitable for industrial and academic scientists looking to customize rabbit rAbs for their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun'e Zhang
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyan Deng
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Jiang
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Huishu Huang
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Lai
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Pin Lin
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Bio-Rad (Shanghai) Life Science Research and Development Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Souri M, Ozawa T, Osaki T, Koyama T, Muraguchi A, Ichinose A. Cloning of human anti-factor XIII monoclonal antibody dissects mechanisms of polyclonal antibodies in a single patient. JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS : JTH 2023; 21:255-268. [PMID: 36700504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) consists of 2 A (FXIII-A) and 2 B (FXIII-B) subunits that cross-link and strengthen the hemostatic fibrin thrombus; thus, abnormal bleeding occurs when FXIII is significantly reduced. Autoimmune-acquired FXIII deficiency (AiF13D) is characterized by lethal bleeding secondary to the development of autoantibodies against FXIII. However, since anti-FXIII autoantibodies are polyclonal, the mechanism underlying FXIII dysfunction is unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to dissect the inhibitory mechanisms of polyclonal anti-FXIII autoantibodies. METHODS In this study, we prepared the human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) from the peripheral blood of an 86-year-old man with AiF13D by using a new complementary DNA cloning method and analyzed the properties of each autoantibody. RESULTS Seventeen clones obtained from hmAbs were divided into the following 3 groups: dissociation inhibitors of FXIII-A2B2 (6 clones), assembly inhibitors of FXIII-A2B2 (3 clones), and nonneutralizing/inhibitory hmAbs (8 clones). Dissociation inhibitors strongly inhibited fibrin cross-linking and amine incorporation. Assembly inhibitors extracted FXIII-A from FXIII-A2B2, strongly inhibited binding of FXIII-A to FXIII-B, and activation peptide cleavage. However, the patient's plasma presented a strong inhibition of A2B2 heterodimer assembly but only a slight inhibition of thrombin-Ca2+-dependent dissociation, suggesting that the assembly inhibitors concealed the effect of dissociation inhibitors in plasma. By contrast, nonneutralizing antibodies had little effect on the function of FXIII, suggesting that nonneutralizing hmAbs (and/or dissociation inhibitors and/or assembly inhibitors) promoted the clearance of FXIII-A from the blood. CONCLUSION Cloning of anti-FXIII autoantibodies enabled us to not only elucidate the mechanism and pathophysiology of AiF13D but also develop a completely new type of anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Souri
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, 2-2-2, Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Koyama
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akitada Ichinose
- Department of Molecular Patho-Biochemistry and Patho-Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; The Japanese Collaborative Research Group (JCRG) on Autoimmune Acquired Coagulation Factor Deficiencies supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.
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Xie H, Ding X. The Intriguing Landscape of Single-Cell Protein Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105932. [PMID: 35199955 PMCID: PMC9036017 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Profiling protein expression at single-cell resolution is essential for fundamental biological research (such as cell differentiation and tumor microenvironmental examination) and clinical precision medicine where only a limited number of primary cells are permitted. With the recent advances in engineering, chemistry, and biology, single-cell protein analysis methods are developed rapidly, which enable high-throughput and multiplexed protein measurements in thousands of individual cells. In combination with single cell RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry, single-cell multi-omics analysis can simultaneously measure multiple modalities including mRNAs, proteins, and metabolites in single cells, and obtain a more comprehensive exploration of cellular signaling processes, such as DNA modifications, chromatin accessibility, protein abundance, and gene perturbation. Here, the recent progress and applications of single-cell protein analysis technologies in the last decade are summarized. Current limitations, challenges, and possible future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesInstitute for Personalized MedicineSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China
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Luo X, Chen JY, Ataei M, Lee A. Microfluidic Compartmentalization Platforms for Single Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:58. [PMID: 35200319 PMCID: PMC8869497 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular analytical technologies measure only the average response from a cell population with an assumption that a clonal population is homogenous. The ensemble measurement often masks the difference among individual cells that can lead to misinterpretation. The advent of microfluidic technology has revolutionized single-cell analysis through precise manipulation of liquid and compartmentalizing single cells in small volumes (pico- to nano-liter). Due to its advantages from miniaturization, microfluidic systems offer an array of capabilities to study genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics of a large number of individual cells. In this regard, microfluidic systems have emerged as a powerful technology to uncover cellular heterogeneity and expand the depth and breadth of single-cell analysis. This review will focus on recent developments of three microfluidic compartmentalization platforms (microvalve, microwell, and microdroplets) that target single-cell analysis spanning from proteomics to genomics. We also compare and contrast these three microfluidic platforms and discuss their respective advantages and disadvantages in single-cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhao Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (X.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Jui-Yi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (X.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
| | - Marzieh Ataei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Abraham Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (X.L.); (J.-Y.C.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
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Ozawa T, Tani H, Anraku Y, Kita S, Igarashi E, Saga Y, Inasaki N, Kawasuji H, Yamada H, Sasaki SI, Somekawa M, Sasaki J, Hayakawa Y, Yamamoto Y, Morinaga Y, Kurosawa N, Isobe M, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K, Hashiguchi T, Kishi H, Kitajima I, Saito S, Niimi H. Novel super-neutralizing antibody UT28K is capable of protecting against infection from a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. MAbs 2022; 14:2072455. [PMID: 35543180 PMCID: PMC9103358 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2072455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies have been developed and used for therapies. However, the effectiveness of many antibodies has been reduced against recently emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Omicron variant. We identified a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, UT28K, in COVID-19 convalescent individuals who recovered from a severe condition. UT28K showed efficacy in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in an in vitro assay and in vivo prophylactic treatment, and the reactivity to the Omicron strain was reduced. The structural analyses revealed that antibody UT28K Fab and SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein interactions were mainly chain-dominated antigen-antibody interactions. In addition, a mutation analysis suggested that the emergence of a UT28K neutralization-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variant was unlikely, as this variant would likely lose its competitive advantage over circulating SARS-CoV-2. Our data suggest that UT28K offers potent protection against SARS-CoV-2, including newly emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Igarashi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawasuji
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - so-Ichiro Sasaki
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mayu Somekawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jiei Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Section of Host Defences, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kurosawa
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Isobe
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Kitajima
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Administrative office, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Niimi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Carstens MR, Wasserfall CH, Acharya AP, Lewis J, Agrawal N, Koenders K, Bracho-Sanchez E, Keselowsky BG. GRAS-microparticle microarrays identify dendritic cell tolerogenic marker-inducing formulations. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3598-3613. [PMID: 34346460 PMCID: PMC8725777 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microarrays, miniaturized platforms used for high-content studies, provide potential advantages over traditional in vitro investigation in terms of time, cost, and parallel analyses. Recently, microarrays have been leveraged to investigate immune cell biology by providing a platform with which to systematically investigate the effects of various agents on a wide variety of cellular processes, including those giving rise to immune regulation for application toward curtailing autoimmunity. A specific embodiment incorporates dendritic cells cultured on microarrays containing biodegradable microparticles. Such an approach allows immune cell and microparticle co-localization and release of compounds on small, isolated populations of cells, enabling a quick, convenient method to quantify a variety of cellular responses in parallel. In this study, the microparticle microarray platform was utilized to investigate a small library of sixteen generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compounds (ascorbic acid, aspirin, capsaicin, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ergosterol, hemin, hydrocortisone, indomethacin, menadione, naproxen, resveratrol, retinoic acid, α-tocopherol, vitamin D3) for their ability to induce suppressive phenotypes in murine dendritic cells. Two complementary tolerogenic index ranking systems were proposed to summarize dendritic cell responses and suggested several lead compounds (celastrol, ergosterol, vitamin D3) and two secondary compounds (hemin, capsaicin), which warrant further investigation for applications toward suppression and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Carstens
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J291, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Clive H Wasserfall
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jamal Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikunj Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J291, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Kevin Koenders
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J291, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Evelyn Bracho-Sanchez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J291, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Keselowsky
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, Biomedical Sciences Building J291, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Hata M, Suzuki M, Yasukawa T. Selective Trapping and Retrieval of Single Cells Using Microwell Array Devices Combined with Dielectrophoresis. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:803-806. [PMID: 33952862 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21c002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We proposed selective manipulation techniques for retrieving and retaining target cells arrayed in microwells based on dielectrophoresis (DEP). The upper substrate with microband electrodes was mounted on the lower substrate with microwells based on the same design of microband electrodes by 90 degree relative to the lower substrate. A repulsive force of negative dielectrophoresis (n-DEP) was employed to retrieve the target cells from the microwell array selectively. Furthermore, the target cells were retained in the microwells after other cells were removed by n-DEP. Thus, the system described in this study could make it possible to retrieve and recover single target cells from a microwell array after determining the function of cells trapped in each microwell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Hata
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo
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11
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Bucheli OTM, Sigvaldadóttir I, Eyer K. Measuring single-cell protein secretion in immunology: Technologies, advances, and applications. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1334-1347. [PMID: 33734428 PMCID: PMC8252417 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics, nature, strength, and ultimately protective capabilities of an active immune response are determined by the extracellular constitution and concentration of various soluble factors. Generated effector cells secrete such mediators, including antibodies, chemo‐ and cytokines to achieve functionality. These secreted factors organize the individual immune cells into functional tissues, initiate, orchestrate, and regulate the immune response. Therefore, a single‐cell resolved analysis of protein secretion is a valuable tool for studying the heterogeneity and functionality of immune cells. This review aims to provide a comparative overview of various methods to characterize immune reactions by measuring single‐cell protein secretion. Spot‐based and cytometry‐based assays, such as ELISpot and flow cytometry, respectively, are well‐established methods applied in basic research and clinical settings. Emerging novel technologies, such as microfluidic platforms, offer new ways to measure and exploit protein secretion in immune reactions. Further technological advances will allow the deciphering of protein secretion in immunological responses with unprecedented detail, linking secretion to functionality. Here, we summarize the development and recent advances of tools that allow the analysis of protein secretion at the single‐cell level, and discuss and contrast their applications within immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia T M Bucheli
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ingibjörg Sigvaldadóttir
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Eyer
- ETH Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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12
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Moraes JZ, Hamaguchi B, Braggion C, Speciale ER, Cesar FBV, Soares GDFDS, Osaki JH, Pereira TM, Aguiar RB. Hybridoma technology: is it still useful? CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:32-40. [PMID: 35492397 PMCID: PMC9040095 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation of single monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against a given antigen was only possible with the introduction of the hybridoma technology, which is based on the fusion of specific B lymphocytes with myeloma cells. Since then, several mAbs were described for therapeutic, diagnostic, and research purposes. Despite being an old technique with low complexity, hybridoma-based strategies have limitations that include the low efficiency on B lymphocyte-myeloma cell fusion step, and the need to use experimental animals. In face of that, several methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from changes in hybridoma technique to the advent of completely new technologies, such as the antibody phage display and the single B cell antibody ones. In this review, we discuss the hybridoma technology along with emerging mAb isolation approaches, taking into account their advantages and limitations. Finally, we explore the usefulness of the hybridoma technology nowadays. Hybridoma technology is the most popular technique to obtain monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma technology variants include B cell and stereospecific targeting protocols. Phage display and single B cell methods are hybridoma technology alternatives.
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13
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Bounab Y, Eyer K, Dixneuf S, Rybczynska M, Chauvel C, Mistretta M, Tran T, Aymerich N, Chenon G, Llitjos JF, Venet F, Monneret G, Gillespie IA, Cortez P, Moucadel V, Pachot A, Troesch A, Leissner P, Textoris J, Bibette J, Guyard C, Baudry J, Griffiths AD, Védrine C. Dynamic single-cell phenotyping of immune cells using the microfluidic platform DropMap. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2920-2955. [PMID: 32788719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of immune responses is currently hampered by the lack of systems enabling quantitative and dynamic phenotypic characterization of individual cells and, in particular, analysis of secreted proteins such as cytokines and antibodies. We recently developed a simple and robust microfluidic platform, DropMap, to measure simultaneously the kinetics of secretion and other cellular characteristics, including endocytosis activity, viability and expression of cell-surface markers, from tens of thousands of single immune cells. Single cells are compartmentalized in 50-pL droplets and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy combined with an immunoassay based on fluorescence relocation to paramagnetic nanoparticles aligned to form beadlines in a magnetic field. The protocol typically takes 8-10 h after preparation of microfluidic chips and chambers, which can be done in advance. By contrast, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), flow cytometry, time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), and single-cell sequencing enable only end-point measurements and do not enable direct, quantitative measurement of secreted proteins. We illustrate how this system can be used to profile downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by single monocytes in septic shock patients, to study immune responses by measuring rates of cytokine secretion from single T cells, and to measure affinity of antibodies secreted by single B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Bounab
- BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dixneuf
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Magda Rybczynska
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Chauvel
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Trang Tran
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Aymerich
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Chenon
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Iain A Gillespie
- Value, Evidence & Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Virginie Moucadel
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alain Troesch
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Leissner
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Bibette
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
| | - Andrew D Griffiths
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
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14
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The Role of Single-Cell Technology in the Study and Control of Infectious Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061440. [PMID: 32531928 PMCID: PMC7348906 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of single-cell research in the recent decade has allowed biological studies at an unprecedented resolution and scale. In particular, single-cell analysis techniques such as Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) have helped show substantial links between cellular heterogeneity and infectious disease progression. The extensive characterization of genomic and phenotypic biomarkers, in addition to host-pathogen interactions at the single-cell level, has resulted in the discovery of previously unknown infection mechanisms as well as potential treatment options. In this article, we review the various single-cell technologies and their applications in the ongoing fight against infectious diseases, as well as discuss the potential opportunities for future development.
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15
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Miyoshi S, Tokunaga S, Ozawa T, Takeda H, Aono M, Miyoshi T, Kishi H, Muraguchi A, Shimizu SI, Nozawa A, Sawasaki T. Production of a rabbit monoclonal antibody for highly sensitive detection of citrus mosaic virus and related viruses. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229196. [PMID: 32294099 PMCID: PMC7159214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus mosaic virus (CiMV) is one of the causal viruses of citrus mosaic disease in satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu). Prompt detection of trees infected with citrus mosaic disease is important for preventing the spread of this disease. Although rabbit monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exhibit high specificity and affinity, their applicability is limited by technical difficulties associated with the hybridoma-based technology used for raising these mAbs. Here, we demonstrate a feasible CiMV detection system using a specific rabbit mAb against CiMV coat protein. A conserved peptide fragment of the small subunit of CiMV coat protein was designed and used to immunize rabbits. Antigen-specific antibody-producing cells were identified by the immunospot array assay on a chip method. After cloning of variable regions in heavy or light chain by RT-PCR from these cells, a gene set of 33 mAbs was constructed and these mAbs were produced using Expi293F cells. Screening with the AlphaScreen system revealed eight mAbs exhibiting strong interaction with the antigen peptide. From subsequent sequence analysis, they were grouped into three mAbs denoted as No. 4, 9, and 20. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that the affinity of these mAbs for the antigen peptide ranged from 8.7 × 10−10 to 5.5 × 10−11 M. In addition to CiMV, mAb No. 9 and 20 could detect CiMV-related viruses in leaf extracts by ELISA. Further, mAb No. 20 showed a high sensitivity to CiMV and CiMV-related viruses, simply by dot blot analysis. The anti-CiMV rabbit mAbs obtained in this study are envisioned to be extremely useful for practical applications of CiMV detection, such as in a virus detection kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Miyoshi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Soh Tokunaga
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmacological Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo-Drug-Discovery Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Aono
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takanori Miyoshi
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmacological Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmacological Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Shimizu
- Fruit Tree Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akira Nozawa
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are among the most significant biological tools used in medicine and biology that have revolutionized the field of diagnostics, therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery systems for many diseases. Among them, rabbit monoclonal antibodies have attracted significant attention for having high affinity and specificity. During the past few decades, different techniques have been developed to produce monoclonal antibodies. Single B cell cloning technology offers many advantages compared to other methods and has been used to generate monoclonal antibodies from different species including rabbits. This review briefly describes some of these methods, with main focus on single B cell cloning and production of rabbit monoclonal antibodies.
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17
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Abali F, Broekmaat J, Tibbe A, Schasfoort RBM, Zeune L, Terstappen LWMM. A microwell array platform to print and measure biomolecules produced by single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1850-1859. [PMID: 31041434 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe a combined method to monitor the secretion of molecules produced by single cells, followed by a method to isolate the individual cells that produced these molecules. The method is based on a self-sorting microwell chip that is connected to an activated membrane that collects the produced molecules. The produced molecules are printed by diffusion in small spots onto the membrane. The location of the printed spots can be correlated to the microwell number and the cell that produced these molecules. To demonstrate the method, we used the EpCAM antibody producing hybridoma cell line VU1D9 and a genetically engineered CHO cell-line producing Her2. VU1D9 cells produced 4.6 ± 5.6 pg (mean ± SD) of EpCAM antibody per 24 h and CHO cells 6.5 ± 8.2 pg per 24 h of Herceptin antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri Abali
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | - Leonie Zeune
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon W M M Terstappen
- Department of Medical Cell BioPhysics, University of Twente, Hallenweg 23, Enschede, 7522 NH, The Netherlands.
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18
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Okumura M, Ozawa T, Hamana H, Norimatsu Y, Tsuda R, Kobayashi E, Shinoda K, Taki H, Tobe K, Imura J, Sugiyama E, Kishi H, Muraguchi A. Autoantibodies reactive to PEP08 are clinically related with morbidity and severity of interstitial lung disease in connective tissue diseases. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1717-1727. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Okumura
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
- The First Department of Internal Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Yu Norimatsu
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
- School of Medicine Program of Medicine; Hiroshima University; Minami Hiroshima Japan
| | - Reina Tsuda
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
- The First Department of Internal Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Koichiro Shinoda
- The First Department of Internal Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Hirofumi Taki
- The First Department of Internal Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- The First Department of Internal Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Johji Imura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology; Hiroshima University Hospital; Minami Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology; Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toyama; Toyama Japan
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19
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Human monoclonal antibodies against West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis-vaccinated volunteers. Antiviral Res 2018; 154:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Park KS. Nucleic acid aptamer-based methods for diagnosis of infections. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 102:179-188. [PMID: 29136589 PMCID: PMC7125563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a serious global problem, which not only take an enormous human toll but also incur tremendous economic losses. In combating infectious diseases, rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are required for pathogen identification at the point of care (POC). In this review, investigations of diagnostic strategies for infectious diseases that are based on aptamers, especially nucleic acid aptamers, oligonucleotides that have high affinities and specificities toward their targets, are described. Owing to their unique features including low cost of production, easy chemical modification, high chemical stability, reproducibility, and low levels of immunogenicity and toxicity, aptamers have been widely utilized as bio-recognition elements (bio-receptors) for the development of infection diagnostic systems. We discuss nucleic acid aptamer-based methods that have been developed for diagnosis of infections using a format that organizes discussion according to the target pathogenic analytes including toxins or proteins, whole cells and nucleic acids. Also included is, a summary of recent advances made in the sensitive detection of pathogenic bacteria utilizing the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method. Lastly, a nucleic acid aptamer-based POC system is described and future directions of studies in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Automated Single-Cell Analysis and Isolation System: A Paradigm Shift in Cell Screening Methods for Bio-medicines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1068:7-17. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0502-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Park H, Kim H, Doh J. Multifunctional Microwell Arrays for Single Cell Level Functional Analysis of Lymphocytes. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:672-679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Nagai M, Kato K, Oohara K, Shibata T. Pick-and-Place Operation of Single Cell Using Optical and Electrical Measurements for Robust Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8120350. [PMID: 30400543 PMCID: PMC6187867 DOI: 10.3390/mi8120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A robust pick and placement operation of a single cell is necessary for efficient sample collection. Detection and manipulation of single cells requires minimum invasiveness. We report a less-invasive method for picking up and placing single cells using optical and electrical observations for robust cell manipulation. We measured the ionic current through a glass pipette during a cell capture and release operation to detect its capture. Trapping a cell on the pipette tip by suction decreased the current and allowed the detection of cell capture within 1 s. A time-series ionic current was sensitive to the location of a cell and effective at detecting a single cell. A time-series ionic current had a higher signal-to-noise ratio than time-series microscope images. Cell membrane integrity was analyzed at the different capturing and voltage conditions. Serum protein coating shows improvement of a cell release from a pipette tip. Measurement of trajectory and distance of a cell reveals that the movement depends on an ejection flow and the flow in a dish. We achieved a pick-up and placement operation for single cells that was compatible with an open-top microwell while performing observations using optical microscopy and measurements using an electrical current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Keita Kato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Oohara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shibata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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24
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Single-cell deep phenotyping of IgG-secreting cells for high-resolution immune monitoring. Nat Biotechnol 2017; 35:977-982. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Identification of an HLA class I allele closely involved in the autoantigen presentation in acquired aplastic anemia. Blood 2017; 129:2908-2916. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-752378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Somatic mutations of HLA-B*40:02 are very frequently detected in granulocyte of patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Antigen presentation via HLA-B4002 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia.
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26
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Generation of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies from Immunised Mice and Rabbits via Flow Cytometry and Sorting of Antigen-Specific IgG+ Memory B Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152282. [PMID: 27022949 PMCID: PMC4811437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Single B cell screening strategies, which avoid both hybridoma fusion and combinatorial display, have emerged as important technologies for efficiently sampling the natural antibody repertoire of immunized animals and humans. Having access to a range of methods to interrogate different B cell subsets provides an attractive option to ensure large and diverse panels of high quality antibody are produced. The generation of multiple antibodies and having the ability to find rare B cell clones producing IgG with unique and desirable characteristics facilitates the identification of fit-for-purpose molecules that can be developed into therapeutic agents or research reagents. Here, we describe a multi-parameter flow cytometry single-cell sorting technique for the generation of antigen-specific recombinant monoclonal antibodies from single IgG+ memory B cells. Both mouse splenocytes and rabbit PBMC from immunised animals were used as a source of B cells. Reagents staining both B cells and other unwanted cell types enabled efficient identification of class-switched IgG+ memory B cells. Concurrent staining with antigen labelled separately with two spectrally-distinct fluorophores enabled antigen-specific B cells to be identified, i.e. those which bind to both antigen conjugates (double-positive). These cells were then typically sorted at one cell per well using FACS directly into a 96-well plate containing reverse transcriptase reaction mix. Following production of cDNA, PCR was performed to amplify cognate heavy and light chain variable region genes and generate transcriptionally-active PCR (TAP) fragments. These linear expression cassettes were then used directly in a mammalian cell transfection to generate recombinant antibody for further testing. We were able to successfully generate antigen-specific recombinant antibodies from both the rabbit and mouse IgG+ memory B cell subset within one week. This included the generation of an anti-TNFR2 blocking antibody from mice with an affinity of 90 pM.
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Tsuda R, Ozawa T, Kobayashi E, Hamana H, Taki H, Tobe K, Sugiyama E, Iwamoto M, Imura J, Kishi H, Muraguchi A. Monoclonal antibody against citrullinated peptides obtained from rheumatoid arthritis patients reacts with numerous citrullinated microbial and food proteins. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2020-31. [PMID: 25892475 DOI: 10.1002/art.39161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the reactivity of monoclonal anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) obtained from peripheral blood B cells of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with human autoantigens as well as environmental proteins by determining the essential epitope for the ACPA. METHODS A human monoclonal ACPA (cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody 1 [CCP-Ab1]) was obtained by screening peripheral blood lymphocytes from 31 patients with RA using a novel monoclonal antibody-secreting cell (ASC) screening system, the immunospot-array assay on a chip. The essential epitope for CCP-Ab1 was determined using epitope mapping. Then, human, microbial, and plant proteins that share the essential epitope identified were searched using BLAST. Finally, representative proteins identified by the search were produced in vitro, and their reactivity with CCP-Ab1 was examined. RESULTS CCP-Ab1 bound CCP in a citrulline-indispensable manner. In CCP, the 6 amino acid residues required for CCP-Ab1 binding were identified. In the BLAST search, 38 human, 56 viral, 1,383 fungal, 547 bacterial, and 1,072 plant proteins were found to share the essential epitope, and CCP-Ab1 reacted with all of the recombinant citrullinated proteins tested, which included the various environmental factors, such as various plant proteins that are part of the daily diet. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that a monoclonal ACPA (CCP-Ab1) derived from RA patients cross-reacts not only with various autoantigens but also with numerous plant and microbial proteins. We propose that countless environmental factors, including microbes and diet, may trigger the generation of ACPAs that then cross-react with various citrullinated human autoantigens through molecular mimicry to induce RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Tsuda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Taki
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugiyama
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Johji Imura
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts), Hiroshi Hamana, PhD, Hirofumi Taki, MD, PhD, Kazuyuki Tobe, MD, PhD, Eiji Sugiyama, MD, PhD (current address: Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan), Johji Imura, MD, PhD, Hiroyuki Kishi, PhD, Atsushi Muraguchi, MD, PhD: University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sugitani Campus, Toyama, Japan
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Clargo AM, Hudson AR, Ndlovu W, Wootton RJ, Cremin LA, O'Dowd VL, Nowosad CR, Starkie DO, Shaw SP, Compson JE, White DP, MacKenzie B, Snowden JR, Newnham LE, Wright M, Stephens PE, Griffiths MR, Lawson ADG, Lightwood DJ. The rapid generation of recombinant functional monoclonal antibodies from individual, antigen-specific bone marrow-derived plasma cells isolated using a novel fluorescence-based method. MAbs 2014; 6:143-59. [PMID: 24423622 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.27044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Single B cell technologies, which avoid traditional hybridoma fusion and combinatorial display, provide a means to interrogate the naturally-selected antibody repertoire of immunized animals. Many methods enable the sampling of memory B cell subsets, but few allow for the direct interrogation of the plasma cell repertoire, i.e., the subset of B cells responsible for producing immunoglobulin in serum. Here, we describe the use of a robust and simple fluorescence-based technique, called the fluorescent foci method, for the identification and isolation of antigen-specific IgG-secreting cells, such as plasma cells, from heterogeneous bone marrow preparations. Following micromanipulation of single cells, cognate pairs of heavy and light chain variable region genes were recovered by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). During the PCR, variable regions were combined with a promoter fragment and a relevant constant region fragment to produce two separate transcriptionally-active PCR (TAP) fragments that were directly co-transfected into a HEK-293F cell line for recombinant antibody expression. The technique was successfully applied to the generation of a diverse panel of high-affinity, functional recombinant antibodies to human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 and TNF derived from the bone marrow of immunized rabbits and rats, respectively. Progression from a bone marrow sample to a panel of functional recombinant antibodies was possible within a 2-week timeframe.
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Chan CEZ, Lim APC, MacAry PA, Hanson BJ. The role of phage display in therapeutic antibody discovery. Int Immunol 2014; 26:649-57. [PMID: 25135889 PMCID: PMC7185696 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxu082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display involves the expression of selected proteins on the surface of filamentous phage through fusion with phage coat protein, with the genetic sequence packaged within, linking phenotype to genotype selection. When combined with antibody libraries, phage display allows for rapid in vitro selection of antigen-specific antibodies and recovery of their corresponding coding sequence. Large non-immune and synthetic human libraries have been constructed as well as smaller immune libraries based on capturing a single individual’s immune repertoire. This completely in vitro process allows for isolation of antibodies against poorly immunogenic targets as well as those that cannot be obtained by animal immunization, thus further expanding the utility of the approach. Phage antibody display represents the first developed methodology for high throughput screening for human therapeutic antibody candidates. Recently, other methods have been developed for generation of fully human therapeutic antibodies, such as single B-cell screening, next-generation genome sequencing and transgenic mice with human germline B-cell genes. While each of these have their particular advantages, phage display has remained a key methodology for human antibody discovery due its in vitro process. Here, we review the continuing role of this technique alongside other developing technologies for therapeutic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad E Z Chan
- Biological Defence Program, Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Angeline P C Lim
- Biological Defence Program, Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore
| | - Paul A MacAry
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore Immunology Program, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Brendon J Hanson
- Biological Defence Program, Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore 117510, Singapore Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
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Ozawa T, Piao X, Kobayashi E, Zhou Y, Sakurai H, Andoh T, Jin A, Kishi H, Muraguchi A. A novel rabbit immunospot array assay on a chip allows for the rapid generation of rabbit monoclonal antibodies with high affinity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52383. [PMID: 23300658 PMCID: PMC3530603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific rabbit monoclonal antibodies (RaMoAbs) are useful due to their high specificity and high affinity, and the establishment of a comprehensive and rapid RaMoAb generation system has been highly anticipated. Here, we present a novel system using immunospot array assay on a chip (ISAAC) technology in which we detect and retrieve antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of antigen-immunized rabbits and produce antigen-specific RaMoAbs with 10–12 M affinity within a time period of only 7 days. We have used this system to efficiently generate RaMoAbs that are specific to a phosphorylated signal-transducing molecule. Our system provides a new method for the comprehensive and rapid production of RaMoAbs, which may contribute to laboratory research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiuhong Piao
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsugunobu Andoh
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Aishun Jin
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Torensma R. Quantifying the efficacy of influenza vaccines. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2012; 12:656; author reply 660-1. [PMID: 22917094 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(12)70135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Miersch S, Sidhu SS. Synthetic antibodies: concepts, potential and practical considerations. Methods 2012; 57:486-98. [PMID: 22750306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 100 years of enquiry into the fundamental basis of humoral immunity has resulted in the identification of antibodies as key molecular sentinels responsible for the in vivo surveillance, neutralization and clearance of foreign substances. Intense efforts aimed at understanding and exploiting their exquisite molecular specificity have positioned antibodies as a cornerstone supporting basic research, diagnostics and therapeutic applications [1]. More recently, efforts have aimed to circumvent the limitations of developing antibodies in animals by developing wholly in vitro techniques for designing antibodies of tailored specificity. This has been realized with the advent of synthetic antibody libraries that possess diversity outside the scope of natural immune repertoires and are thus capable of yielding specificities not otherwise attainable. This review examines the convergence of technologies that have contributed to the development of combinatorial phage-displayed antibody libraries. It further explores the practical concepts that underlie phage display, antibody diversity and the methods used in the generation of and selection from phage-displayed synthetic antibody libraries, highlighting specific applications in which design approaches gave rise to specificities that could not easily be obtained with libraries based upon natural immune repertories.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miersch
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Revzin A, Maverakis E, Chang HC. Biosensors for immune cell analysis-A perspective. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:21301-2130113. [PMID: 22655003 PMCID: PMC3360707 DOI: 10.1063/1.4706845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Massively parallel analysis of single immune cells or small immune cell colonies for disease detection, drug screening, and antibody production represents a "killer app" for the rapidly maturing microfabrication and microfluidic technologies. In our view, microfabricated solid-phase and flow cytometry platforms of the future will be complete with biosensors and electrical/mechanical/optical actuators and will enable multi-parametric analysis of cell function, real-time detection of secreted signals, and facile retrieval of cells deemed interesting.
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Yoshioka M, Kurosawa N, Isobe M. Target-selective joint polymerase chain reaction: a robust and rapid method for high-throughput production of recombinant monoclonal antibodies from single cells. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:75. [PMID: 21774833 PMCID: PMC3155496 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the development of a therapeutic antibody, large numbers of monoclonal antibodies are required to screen for those that are best suited for the desired activity. Although the single cell-based immunoglobulin variable gene cloning technique is a powerful tool, the current methods remain an obstacle to the rapid production of large numbers of recombinant antibodies. Results We have developed a novel overlap extension polymerase chain reaction, the target-selective joint polymerase chain reaction (TS-jPCR), and applied it to the generation of linear immunoglobulin gene expression constructs. TS-jPCR is conducted using a PCR-amplified immunoglobulin variable gene and an immunoglobulin gene-selective cassette (Ig-cassette) that contains all essential elements for antibody expression and overlapping areas of immunoglobulin gene-specific homology. The TS-jPCR technique is simple and specific; the 3'-random nucleotide-tailed immunoglobulin variable gene fragment and the Ig-cassette are assembled into a linear immunoglobulin expression construct, even in the presence of nonspecifically amplified DNA. We also developed a robotic magnetic beads handling instrument for single cell-based cDNA synthesis to amplify immunoglobulin variable genes by rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends PCR. Using these methods, we were able to produce recombinant monoclonal antibodies from large numbers of single plasma cells within four days. Conclusion Our system reduces the burden of antibody discovery and engineering by rapidly producing large numbers of recombinant monoclonal antibodies in a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama-shi, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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