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Davalos V, Lovell CD, Von Itter R, Dolgalev I, Agrawal P, Baptiste G, Kahler DJ, Sokolova E, Moran S, Piqué L, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Fontanals-Cirera B, Karz A, Tsirigos A, Yun C, Darvishian F, Etchevers HC, Osman I, Esteller M, Schober M, Hernando E. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1867. [PMID: 37015919 PMCID: PMC10073109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 - isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-binding domain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanoma progression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard Von Itter
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gillian Baptiste
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Piqué
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Barbara Fontanals-Cirera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chi Yun
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Schober
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York Grossman University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Thomas R, Menon V, Mani R, Pruszak J. Glycan Epitope and Integrin Expression Dynamics Characterize Neural Crest Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2952-2965. [PMID: 35727432 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest gives rise to progeny as diverse as peripheral neurons, myelinating cells, cranial muscle, bone and cartilage tissues, and melanocytes. Neural crest derivation encompasses complex morphological change, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration to the eventual target locations throughout the body. Neural crest cultures derived from stem cells provide an attractive source for developmental studies in human model systems, of immediate biomedical relevance for neurocristopathies, neural cancer biology and regenerative medicine, if only appropriate markers for lineage and cell type definition and quality control criteria were available. Implementing a defined, scalable protocol to generate neural crest cells from embryonic stem cells, we identify stage-defining cluster-of-differentiation (CD) surface markers during human neural crest development in vitro. Acquisition of increasingly mesenchymal phenotype was characterized by absence of neuroepithelial stemness markers (CD15, CD133, CD49f) and by decrease of CD57 and CD24. Increased per-cell-expression of CD29, CD44 and CD73 correlated with established EMT markers as determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. The further development towards migratory neural crest was associated with decreased CD24, CD49f (ITGA6) and CD57 (HNK1) versus an enhanced CD49d (ITGA4), CD49e (ITGA5) and CD51/CD61 (ITGAV/ITGB3) expression. Notably, a shift from CD57 to CD51/CD61 was identified as a sensitive surrogate surface indicator of EMT in neural crest in vitro development. The reported changes in glycan epitope and integrin surface expression may prove useful for elucidating neural crest stemness, EMT progression and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Thomas
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA
| | - Vishal Menon
- Emmy Noether-Group for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rakesh Mani
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Pruszak
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MB, USA. .,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Salzburg and Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria.
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Abstract
The Tabula Gallus is a proposed project that aims to create a map of every cell type in the chicken body and chick embryos. Chickens (Gallus gallus) are one of the most recognized model animals that recapitulate the development and physiology of mammals. The Tabula Gallus will generate a compendium of single-cell transcriptome data from Gallus gallus, characterize each cell type, and provide tools for the study of the biology of this species, similar to other ongoing cell atlas projects (Tabula Muris and Tabula Sapiens/Human Cell Atlas for mice and humans, respectively). The Tabula Gallus will potentially become an international collaboration between many researchers. This project will be useful for the basic scientific study of Gallus gallus and other birds (e.g., cell biology, molecular biology, developmental biology, neuroscience, physiology, oncology, virology, behavior, ecology, and evolution). It will eventually be beneficial for a better understanding of human health and diseases.
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Pan SH, Zhao N, Feng X, Jie Y, Jin ZB. Conversion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into neural crest cells and functional corneal endothelia by defined small molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/23/eabg5749. [PMID: 34088673 PMCID: PMC8177713 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into desired functional cell types by small molecules has vast potential for developing cell replacement therapy. Here, we developed a stepwise strategy to generate chemically induced neural crest cells (ciNCCs) and chemically induced corneal endothelial cells (ciCECs) from mouse fibroblasts using defined small molecules. The ciNCCs exhibited typical NCC features and could differentiate into ciCECs using another chemical combination in vitro. The resulting ciCECs showed consistent gene expression profiles and self-renewal capacity to those of primary CECs. Notably, these ciCECs could be cultured for as long as 30 passages and still retain the CEC features in defined medium. Transplantation of these ciCECs into an animal model reversed corneal opacity. Our chemical approach for direct reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into ciNCCs and ciCECs provides an alternative cell source for regeneration of corneal endothelia and other tissues derived from neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Hui Pan
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University and Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University and Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
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5
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Yuan H, Hu H, Chen R, Mu W, Wang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Ding X, Xi Y, Mao S, Jiang M, Chen J, He Y, Wang L, Dong Y, Tou J, Chen W. Premigratory neural crest stem cells generate enteric neurons populating the mouse colon and regulating peristalsis in tissue-engineered intestine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:922-938. [PMID: 33481357 PMCID: PMC8133337 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital defect. It occurs when bowel colonization by neural crest-derived enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors is incomplete during the first trimester of pregnancy. Several sources of candidate cells have been previously studied for their capacity to regenerate the ENS, including enteric neural crest stem cells (En-NCSCs) derived from native intestine or those simulated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, it is not yet known whether the native NCSCs other than En-NCSCs would have the potential of regenerating functional enteric neurons and producing neuron dependent motility under the intestinal environment. The present study was designed to determine whether premigratory NCSCs (pNCSCs), as a type of the nonenteric NCSCs, could form enteric neurons and mediate the motility. pNCSCs were firstly transplanted into the colon of adult mice, and were found to survive, migrate, differentiate into enteric neurons, and successfully integrate into the adult mouse colon. When the mixture of pNCSCs and human intestinal organoids was implanted into the subrenal capsule of nude mice and grown into the mature tissue-engineered intestine (TEI), the pNCSCs-derived neurons mediated neuron-dependent peristalsis of TEI. These results show that the pNCSCs that were previously assumed to not be induced by intestinal environment or cues can innervate the intestine and establish neuron-dependent motility. Future cell candidates for ENS regeneration may include nonenteric NCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipu Yuan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institutes of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuelei Chen
- Cell Bank/Stem Cell BankInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Cell Bank/Stem Cell BankInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics of the Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - ShanShan Mao
- Department of Internal NeurologyChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of GastroenterologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institutes of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education & Health CareEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Tou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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Hanemaaijer ES, Margaritis T, Sanders K, Bos FL, Candelli T, Al-Saati H, van Noesel MM, Meyer-Wentrup FAG, van de Wetering M, Holstege FCP, Clevers H. Single-cell atlas of developing murine adrenal gland reveals relation of Schwann cell precursor signature to neuroblastoma phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022350118. [PMID: 33500353 PMCID: PMC7865168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022350118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor and accounts for ∼10% of pediatric cancer-related deaths. The exact cell of origin has yet to be elucidated, but it is generally accepted that neuroblastoma derives from the neural crest and should thus be considered an embryonal malignancy. About 50% of primary neuroblastoma tumors arise in the adrenal gland. Here, we present an atlas of the developing mouse adrenal gland at a single-cell level. Five main cell cluster groups (medulla, cortex, endothelial, stroma, and immune) make up the mouse adrenal gland during fetal development. The medulla group, which is of neural crest origin, is further divided into seven clusters. Of interest is the Schwann cell precursor ("SCP") and the "neuroblast" cluster, a highly cycling cluster that shares markers with sympathoblasts. The signature of the medullary SCP cluster differentiates neuroblastoma patients based on disease phenotype: The SCP signature score anticorrelates with ALK and MYCN expression, two indicators of poor prognosis. Furthermore, a high SCP signature score is associated with better overall survival rates. This study provides an insight into the developing adrenal gland and introduces the SCP gene signature as being of interest for further research in understanding neuroblastoma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn S Hanemaaijer
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thanasis Margaritis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Sanders
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L Bos
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tito Candelli
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanin Al-Saati
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max M van Noesel
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc van de Wetering
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C P Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and University Medical Center, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Duband JL, Nekooie-Marnany N, Dufour S. Establishing Primary Cultures of Trunk Neural Crest Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 88:e109. [PMID: 32609435 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells constitute a unique population of progenitor cells with extensive stem cell capacities able to navigate throughout various environments in the embryo and are a source of multiple cell types, including neurons, glia, melanocytes, smooth muscles, endocrine cells, cardiac cells, and also skeletal and supportive tissues in the head. Neural crest cells are not restricted to the embryo but persist as well in adult tissues where they provide a reservoir of stem cells with great therapeutic promise. Many fundamental questions in cell, developmental, and stem cell biology can be addressed using this system. During the last decades there has been an increased availability of elaborated techniques, animal models, and molecular tools to tackle neural crest cell development. However, these approaches are often very challenging and difficult to establish and they are not adapted for rapid functional investigations of mechanisms driving cell migration and differentiation. In addition, they are not adequate for collecting pure populations of neural crest cells usable in large scale analyses and for stem cell studies. Transferring and adapting the neural crest system in tissue culture may then represent an attractive alternative, opening up numerous prospects. Here we describe a simple method for establishing primary cultures of neural crest cells derived from trunk neural tubes using the avian embryo as a source of cells. This protocol is suited for producing pure populations of neural crest cells that can be processed for cytological, cellular, and functional approaches aimed at characterizing their phenotype, behavior, and potential. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Primary cultures of avian trunk neural crest cells Support Protocol: Adaptations for immunofluorescence labeling and videomicroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Duband
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nioosha Nekooie-Marnany
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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Zhang E, Yang J, Liu Y, Hong N, Xie H, Fu Q, Li F, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. MESP2 variants contribute to conotruncal heart defects by inhibiting cardiac neural crest cell proliferation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1035-1048. [PMID: 32572506 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are closely related to defective outflow tract (OFT) development, in which cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) play an indispensable role. However, the genetic etiology of CTDs remains unclear. Mesoderm posterior 2 (MESP2) is an important transcription factor regulating early cardiogenesis. Nevertheless, MESP2 variants have not been reported in congenital heart defect (CHD) patients. We first identified four MESP2 variants in 601 sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients that were not detected in 400 healthy controls using targeted sequencing. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays revealed MESP2 expression in the OFT of Carnegie stage (CS) 11, CS13, and CS15 human embryos and embryonic day (E) 8.5, E10, and E11.5 mouse embryos. Functional analyses in HEK 293T cells, HL-1 cells, JoMa1 cells, and primary mouse CNCCs revealed that MESP2 directly regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factors. Three MESP2 variants, c.346G>C (p.G116R), c.921C>G (p.Y307X), and c.59A>T (p.Q20L), altered the transcriptional activities of MYOCD, GATA4, NKX2.5, and CFC1 and inhibited CNCC proliferation by upregulating p21cip1 or downregulating Cdk4. Based on our findings, MESP2 variants disrupted MESP2 function by interfering with CNCC proliferation during OFT development, which may contribute to CTDs. KEY MESSAGES: This study first analyzed MESP2 variants identified in sporadic nonsyndromic CTD patients. MESP2 is expressed in the OFT of different stages of human and mouse embryos. MESP2 regulates the transcriptional activities of downstream CTD-related genes and promotes CNCC proliferation by regulating cell cycle factor p21cip1 or Cdk4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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9
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Lin S, Liu W, Chen CL, Sun D, Hu JX, Li L, Ye J, Mei L, Xiong WC. Neogenin-loss in neural crest cells results in persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous formation. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:17-31. [PMID: 31336386 PMCID: PMC7053014 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neogenin is a transmembrane receptor critical for multiple cellular processes, including neurogenesis, astrogliogenesis, endochondral bone formation, and iron homeostasis. Here we present evidence that loss of neogenin contributes to pathogenesis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) formation, a genetic disorder accounting for ~ 5% of blindness in the USA. Selective loss of neogenin in neural crest cells (as observed in Wnt1-Cre; Neof/f mice), but not neural stem cells (as observed in GFAP-Cre and Nestin-Cre; Neof/f mice), resulted in a dysregulation of neural crest cell migration or delamination, exhibiting features of PHPV-like pathology (e.g. elevated retrolental mass), unclosed retinal fissure, and microphthalmia. These results demonstrate an unrecognized function of neogenin in preventing PHPV pathogenesis, implicating neogenin regulation of neural crest cell delamination/migration and retinal fissure formation as potential underlying mechanisms of PHPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jin-Xia Hu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Gonzalez Malagon SG, Dobson L, Muñoz AML, Dawson M, Barrell W, Marangos P, Krause M, Liu KJ. Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31633677 PMCID: PMC7136076 DOI: 10.3791/60051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades there has been an increased availability of genetically modified mouse models used to mimic human pathologies. However, the ability to study cell movements and differentiation in vivo is still very difficult. Neurocristopathies, or disorders of the neural crest lineage, are particularly challenging to study due to a lack of accessibility of key embryonic stages and the difficulties in separating out the neural crest mesenchyme from adjacent mesodermal mesenchyme. Here, we set out to establish a well-defined, routine protocol for the culture of primary cranial neural crest cells. In our approach we dissect out the mouse neural plate border during the initial neural crest induction stage. The neural plate border region is explanted and cultured. The neural crest cells form in an epithelial sheet surrounding the neural plate border, and by 24 h after explant, begin to delaminate, undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become fully motile neural crest cells. Due to our two-dimensional culturing approach, the distinct tissue populations (neural plate versus premigratory and migratory neural crest) can be readily distinguished. Using live imaging approaches, we can then identify changes in neural crest induction, EMT and migratory behaviors. The combination of this technique with genetic mutants will be a very powerful approach for understanding normal and pathological neural crest cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guadalupe Gonzalez Malagon
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Ioannina;
| | - Lisa Dobson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London; Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London
| | | | - Marcus Dawson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London
| | - William Barrell
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London; Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London
| | - Petros Marangos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Ioannina; Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London;
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11
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Etchevers HC, Dupin E, Le Douarin NM. The diverse neural crest: from embryology to human pathology. Development 2019; 146:146/5/dev169821. [PMID: 30858200 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We review here some of the historical highlights in exploratory studies of the vertebrate embryonic structure known as the neural crest. The study of the molecular properties of the cells that it produces, their migratory capacities and plasticity, and the still-growing list of tissues that depend on their presence for form and function, continue to enrich our understanding of congenital malformations, paediatric cancers and evolutionary biology. Developmental biology has been key to our understanding of the neural crest, starting with the early days of experimental embryology and through to today, when increasingly powerful technologies contribute to further insight into this fascinating vertebrate cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Dupin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicole M Le Douarin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, 75012 Paris, France
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12
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Zika virus induces abnormal cranial osteogenesis by negatively affecting cranial neural crest development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:176-189. [PMID: 30665021 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during gestation is deemed to be coupled to birth defects through direct impairment of the nervous system during neurogenesis. However, in this study, our data showed that ZIKV infection dramatically suppressed cranial osteogenesis, shown by Safranin O/Fast Green and alizarin red staining, in chick embryos, which provides another possibility that craniofacial bone malformation caused by ZIKV may be a major cause of ZIKV-mediated birth defects. By immunofluorescent staining and electron microcopy, we confirmed ZIKV infection in chick embryo neural tubes and sites of neural crest. Next, in vivo (chick embryos) and in vitro [primary culture of neural crest cells (NCC)] ZIKV and HNK-1 double immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that ZIKV infection inhibited the production of migratory NCC. The reduction of both AP-2α- and Pax7-positive NCC in HH10 chick embryos infected by ZIKV confirmed that abnormal development of cranial NCC also occurred in the migratory process. Whole mount in situ hybridization demonstrated that cadherin 6B expression was elevated and Slug, FoxD3, and BMP4/Msx1 expressions decreased in ZIKV-infected HH10 chick embryos, implying that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neural crest production was blocked by ZIKV infection. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro pHIS3 and Pax7 double immunofluorescent staining showed that NCC proliferation was repressed by ZIKV infection. C-caspase-3 and AP-2α double immunofluorescent staining in HH10 chick embryos and western blotting showed that NCC apoptosis increased following ZIKV infection. Finally, electron microscopy showed multiple autophagosomes in ZIKV-infected embryos, and western blot and LC3B immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that autophagy-related genes were activated by ZIKV infection. Taken together, our data first showed that ZIKV infection during embryogenesis could interfere with cranial neural crest development, which in turn causes aberrant cranial osteogenesis. Our results provided new insights into brain malformations induced by ZIKV infection.
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13
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Yang L, Zha Y, Ding J, Ye B, Liu M, Yan C, Dong Z, Cui H, Ding HF. Histone demethylase KDM6B has an anti-tumorigenic function in neuroblastoma by promoting differentiation. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:3. [PMID: 30631055 PMCID: PMC6328563 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of differentiation is a therapeutic strategy in high-risk neuroblastoma, a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system. Neuroblastoma differentiation requires transcriptional upregulation of neuronal genes. How this process is regulated at epigenetic levels is not well understood. Here we report that the histone H3 lysine 27 demethylase KDM6B is an epigenetic activator of neuroblastoma cell differentiation. KDM6B mRNA expression is downregulated in poorly differentiated high-risk neuroblastomas and upregulated in differentiated tumors, and high KDM6B expression is prognostic for better survival in neuroblastoma patients. In neuroblastoma cell lines, KDM6B depletion promotes cell proliferation, whereas KDM6B overexpression induces neuronal differentiation and inhibits cell proliferation and tumorgenicity. Mechanistically, KDM6B epigenetically activates the transcription of neuronal genes by removing the repressive chromatin marker histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation. In addition, we show that KDM6B functions downstream of the retinoic acid-HOXC9 axis in inducing neuroblastoma cell differentiation: KDM6B expression is upregulated by retinoic acid via HOXC9, and KDM6B is required for HOXC9-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation. Finally, we present evidence that KDM6B interacts with HOXC9 to target neuronal genes for epigenetic activation. These findings identify a KDM6B-dependent epigenetic mechanism in the control of neuroblastoma cell differentiation, providing a rationale for reducing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation as a strategy for enhancing differentiation-based therapy in high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yunhong Zha
- Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair and Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Jane Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bingwei Ye
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Institute of Neural Regeneration and Repair and Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yichang, Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Han-Fei Ding
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The neural crest is an embryonic cell population induced at the border of the neural plate from where it delaminates and migrates long distances across the embryo. Due to its extraordinary migratory capabilities, the neural crest has become a powerful system to study cellular and molecular aspects of collective and single cell migration both in vivo and in vitro. Here we provide detailed protocols used to perform quantitative analysis of molecular and cellular aspects of Xenopus laevis neural crest cell migration, both in vivo and in vitro.
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15
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Replogle MR, Sreevidya VS, Lee VM, Laiosa MD, Svoboda KR, Udvadia AJ. Establishment of a murine culture system for modeling the temporal progression of cranial and trunk neural crest cell differentiation. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035097. [PMID: 30409814 PMCID: PMC6307900 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient population of embryonic progenitors that are implicated in a diverse range of congenital birth defects and pediatric syndromes. The broad spectrum of NC-related disorders can be attributed to the wide variety of differentiated cell types arising from the NC. In vitro models of NC development provide a powerful platform for testing the relative contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors mediating NC differentiation under normal and pathogenic conditions. Although differentiation is a dynamic process that unfolds over time, currently, there is no well-defined chronology that characterizes the in vitro progression of NC differentiation towards specific cell fates. In this study, we have optimized culture conditions for expansion of primary murine NC cells that give rise to both ectodermal and mesoectodermal derivatives, even after multiple passages. Significantly, we have delineated highly reproducible timelines that include distinct intermediate stages for lineage-specific NC differentiation in vitro. In addition, isolating both cranial and trunk NC cells from the same embryos enabled us to make direct comparisons between the two cell populations over the course of differentiation. Our results define characteristic changes in cell morphology and behavior that track the temporal progression of NC cells as they differentiate along the neuronal, glial and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. These benchmarks constitute a chronological baseline for assessing how genetic or environmental disruptions may facilitate or impede NC differentiation. Introducing a temporal dimension substantially increases the power of this platform for screening drugs or chemicals for developmental toxicity or therapeutic potential.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A novel method for isolating and expanding primary neural crest cells, and establishment of reproducible temporal benchmarks of differentiation, provides a potential screening platform for developmental toxicity or therapeutic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Replogle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Virinchipuram S Sreevidya
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Vivian M Lee
- STEMCELL Technologies, Vancouver, BC V6A 1BC, Canada
| | - Michael D Laiosa
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Kurt R Svoboda
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Ava J Udvadia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
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16
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Dupin E, Calloni GW, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Le Douarin NM. The issue of the multipotency of the neural crest cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S47-S59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Gladka MM, Molenaar B, de Ruiter H, van der Elst S, Tsui H, Versteeg D, Lacraz GP, Huibers MM, van Oudenaarden A, van Rooij E. Single-Cell Sequencing of the Healthy and Diseased Heart Reveals Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein 4 as a New Modulator of Fibroblasts Activation. Circulation 2018; 138:166-180. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis has greatly advanced our understanding of the regulatory networks underlying basic cardiac biology and mechanisms driving disease. However, so far, the resolution of studying gene expression patterns in the adult heart has been limited to the level of extracts from whole tissues. The use of tissue homogenates inherently causes the loss of any information on cellular origin or cell type-specific changes in gene expression. Recent developments in RNA amplification strategies provide a unique opportunity to use small amounts of input RNA for genome-wide sequencing of single cells.
Methods:
Here, we present a method to obtain high-quality RNA from digested cardiac tissue from adult mice for automated single-cell sequencing of both the healthy and diseased heart.
Results:
After optimization, we were able to perform single-cell sequencing on adult cardiac tissue under both homeostatic conditions and after ischemic injury. Clustering analysis based on differential gene expression unveiled known and novel markers of all main cardiac cell types. Based on differential gene expression, we could identify multiple subpopulations within a certain cell type. Furthermore, applying single-cell sequencing on both the healthy and injured heart indicated the presence of disease-specific cell subpopulations. As such, we identified cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 as a novel marker for activated fibroblasts that positively correlates with known myofibroblast markers in both mouse and human cardiac tissue. Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 inhibition in activated fibroblasts treated with transforming growth factor β triggered a greater increase in the expression of genes related to activated fibroblasts compared with control, suggesting a role of cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 in modulating fibroblast activation in the injured heart.
Conclusions:
Single-cell sequencing on both the healthy and diseased adult heart allows us to study transcriptomic differences between cardiac cells, as well as cell type-specific changes in gene expression during cardiac disease. This new approach provides a wealth of novel insights into molecular changes that underlie the cellular processes relevant for cardiac biology and pathophysiology. Applying this technology could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets relevant for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika M. Gladka
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Bas Molenaar
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Hesther de Ruiter
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Stefan van der Elst
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Hoyee Tsui
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Danielle Versteeg
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., E.v.R.)
| | - Grègory P.A. Lacraz
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
| | - Manon M.H. Huibers
- Department of Pathology (M.M.H.), University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eva van Rooij
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (M.M.G., B.M., H.d.R., S.v.d.E., H.T., D.V., G.P.A.L., A.v.O., E v.R.)
- Department of Cardiology (D.V., E.v.R.)
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18
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Chen X, Zhong J, Dong D, Liu G, Yang P. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced CHOP Inhibits PGC-1α and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Embryopathy. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:275-285. [PMID: 28482072 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in the development of maternal diabetes-induced neural tube defects (NTDs). ER stress-induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) plays an important role in the pro-apoptotic execution pathways. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ER stress- and CHOP-induced neuroepithelium cell apoptosis in diabetic embryopathy is still unclear. Deletion of the Chop gene significantly reduced maternal diabetes-induced NTDs. CHOP deficiency abrogated maternal diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroepithelium cell apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that CHOP repressed the expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an essential regulator for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Both CHOP deficiency in vivo and knockdown in vitro restore high glucose-suppressed PGC-1α expression. In contrast, CHOP overexpression mimicked inhibition of PGC-1α by high glucose. In response to the ER stress inducer tunicamycin, PGC-1α expression was decreased, whereas the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid blocked high glucose-suppressed PGC-1α expression. Moreover, maternal diabetes in vivo and high glucose in vitro promoted the interaction between CHOP and the PGC-1α transcriptional regulator CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), and reduced C/EBPβ binding to the PGC-1α promoter leading to markedly decrease in PGC-1α expression. Together, our findings support the hypothesis that maternal diabetes-induced ER stress increases CHOP expression which represses PGC-1α through suppressing the C/EBPβ transcriptional activity, subsequently induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ultimately results in NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Jianxiang Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Daoyin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences
| | - Gentao Liu
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixin Yang
- Center for Translational Research, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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19
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Gonzalez Malagon SG, Lopez Muñoz AM, Doro D, Bolger TG, Poon E, Tucker ER, Adel Al-Lami H, Krause M, Phiel CJ, Chesler L, Liu KJ. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 controls migration of the neural crest lineage in mouse and Xenopus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1126. [PMID: 29555900 PMCID: PMC5859133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest migration is critical to its physiological function. Mechanisms controlling mammalian neural crest migration are comparatively unknown, due to difficulties accessing this cell population in vivo. Here we report requirements of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in regulating the neural crest in Xenopus and mouse models. We demonstrate that GSK3 is tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) in mouse neural crest cells and that loss of GSK3 leads to increased pFAK and misregulation of Rac1 and lamellipodin, key regulators of cell migration. Genetic reduction of GSK3 results in failure of migration. We find that pY-GSK3 phosphorylation depends on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a protein associated with neuroblastoma. Consistent with this, neuroblastoma cells with increased ALK activity express high levels of pY-GSK3, and blockade of GSK3 or ALK can affect migration of these cells. Altogether, this work identifies a role for GSK3 in cell migration during neural crest development and cancer. Defects in neural crest development cause neurocristopathies and cancer, but what regulates this is unclear. Here, the authors show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) regulates migration of neural crest cells, as shown on genetic deletion of GSK3 in the mouse, and that this acts via anaplastic lymphoma kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M Lopez Muñoz
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Doro
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Triòna G Bolger
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Evon Poon
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Tucker
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hadeel Adel Al-Lami
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matthias Krause
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher J Phiel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, 80204, USA
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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20
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Transcriptional Profiling Reveals a Common Metabolic Program in High-Risk Human Neuroblastoma and Mouse Neuroblastoma Sphere-Forming Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 17:609-623. [PMID: 27705805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma remains one of the deadliest childhood cancers. Identification of metabolic pathways that drive or maintain high-risk neuroblastoma may open new avenues of therapeutic interventions. Here, we report the isolation and propagation of neuroblastoma sphere-forming cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential from tumors of the TH-MYCN mouse, an animal model of high-risk neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification. Transcriptional profiling reveals that mouse neuroblastoma sphere-forming cells acquire a metabolic program characterized by transcriptional activation of the cholesterol and serine-glycine synthesis pathways, primarily as a result of increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding factors and Atf4, respectively. This metabolic reprogramming is recapitulated in high-risk human neuroblastomas and is prognostic for poor clinical outcome. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the metabolic program markedly decreases the growth and tumorigenicity of both mouse neuroblastoma sphere-forming cells and human neuroblastoma cell lines. These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy for targeting the metabolic program of high-risk neuroblastoma.
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21
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Zhang P, Wang G, Lin Z, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu M, Lee KKH, Chuai M, Yang X. Alcohol exposure induces chick craniofacial bone defects by negatively affecting cranial neural crest development. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:53-64. [PMID: 28919490 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Excess alcohol consumption during pregnancy could lead to fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). However, the molecular mechanism leading to craniofacial abnormality, a feature of FAS, is still poorly understood. The cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) contribute to the formation of the craniofacial bones. Therefore, NCCs exposed to ethanol was investigated - using chick embryos and in vitro explant culture as experimental models. We demonstrated that exposure to 2% ethanol induced craniofacial defects, which includes parietal defect, in the developing chick fetus. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that ethanol treatment downregulated Ap-2ɑ, Pax7 and HNK-1 expressions by cranial NCCs. Using double-immunofluorescent stainings for Ap-2ɑ/pHIS3 and Ap-2ɑ/c-Caspase3, we showed that ethanol treatment inhibited cranial NCC proliferation and increased NCC apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, ethanol treatment of the dorsal neuroepithelium increased Laminin, N-Cadherin and Cadherin 6B expressions while Cadherin 7 expression was repressed. In situ hybridization also revealed that ethanol treatment up-regulated Cadherin 6B expression but down-regulated slug, Msx1, FoxD3 and BMP4 expressions. In summary, our experimental results demonstrated that ethanol treatment interferes with the production of cranial NCCs by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of these cells. In addition, ethanol affected the delamination, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration of cranial NCCs, which may have contributed to the etiology of the craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhuangling Lin
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yushi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology & Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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22
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Heterogeneity of neuroblastoma cell identity defined by transcriptional circuitries. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1408-1413. [PMID: 28740262 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, derived from multipotent neural crest cells (NCCs). To define core regulatory circuitries (CRCs) controlling the gene expression program of neuroblastoma, we established and analyzed the neuroblastoma super-enhancer landscape. We discovered three types of identity in neuroblastoma cell lines: a sympathetic noradrenergic identity, defined by a CRC module including the PHOX2B, HAND2 and GATA3 transcription factors (TFs); an NCC-like identity, driven by a CRC module containing AP-1 TFs; and a mixed type, further deconvoluted at the single-cell level. Treatment of the mixed type with chemotherapeutic agents resulted in enrichment of NCC-like cells. The noradrenergic module was validated by ChIP-seq. Functional studies demonstrated dependency of neuroblastoma with noradrenergic identity on PHOX2B, evocative of lineage addiction. Most neuroblastoma primary tumors express TFs from the noradrenergic and NCC-like modules. Our data demonstrate a previously unknown aspect of tumor heterogeneity relevant for neuroblastoma treatment strategies.
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Cheng X, Li H, Yan Y, Wang G, Berman Z, Chuai M, Yang X. From the Cover: Usage of Dexamethasone Increases the Risk of Cranial Neural Crest Dysplasia in the Chick Embryo. Toxicol Sci 2017; 158:36-47. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Wang CJ, Wang G, Wang XY, Liu M, Chuai M, Lee KKH, He XS, Lu DX, Yang X. Imidacloprid Exposure Suppresses Neural Crest Cells Generation during Early Chick Embryo Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:4705-15. [PMID: 27195532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid pesticide that is widely used in the control pests found on crops and fleas on pets. However, it is still unclear whether imidacloprid exposure could affect early embryo development-despite some studies having been conducted on the gametes. In this study, we demonstrated that imidacloprid exposure could lead to abnormal craniofacial osteogenesis in the developing chick embryo. Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the progenitor cells of the chick cranial skull. We found that the imidacloprid exposure retards the development of gastrulating chick embryos. HNK-1, PAX7, and Ap-2α immunohistological stainings indicated that cranial NCCs generation was inhibited after imidacloprid exposure. Double immunofluorescent staining (Ap-2α and PHIS3 or PAX7 and c-Caspase3) revealed that imidacloprid exposure inhibited both NCC proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, it inhibited NCCs production by repressing Msx1 and BMP4 expression in the developing neural tube and by altering expression of EMT-related adhesion molecules (Cad6B, E-Cadherin, and N-cadherin) in the developing neural crests. We also determined that imidacloprid exposure suppressed cranial NCCs migration and their ability to differentiate. In sum, we have provided experimental evidence that imidacloprid exposure during embryogenesis disrupts NCCs development, which in turn causes defective cranial bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee , Dundee, DD1 5EH, U.K
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao-Song He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012, China
| | - Da-Xiang Lu
- Division of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology & Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China
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25
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Namkoong B, Güven S, Ramesan S, Liaudanskaya V, Abzhanov A, Demirci U. Recapitulating cranial osteogenesis with neural crest cells in 3-D microenvironments. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:301-311. [PMID: 26675129 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The experimental systems that recapitulate the complexity of native tissues and enable precise control over the microenvironment are becoming essential for the pre-clinical tests of therapeutics and tissue engineering. Here, we described a strategy to develop an in vitro platform to study the developmental biology of craniofacial osteogenesis. In this study, we directly osteo-differentiated cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) in a 3-D in vitro bioengineered microenvironment. Cells were encapsulated in the gelatin-based photo-crosslinkable hydrogel and cultured up to three weeks. We demonstrated that this platform allows efficient differentiation of p75 positive CNCCs to cells expressing osteogenic markers corresponding to the sequential developmental phases of intramembranous ossification. During the course of culture, we observed a decrease in the expression of early osteogenic marker Runx2, while the other mature osteoblast and osteocyte markers such as Osterix, Osteocalcin, Osteopontin and Bone sialoprotein increased. We analyzed the ossification of the secreted matrix with alkaline phosphatase and quantified the newly secreted hydroxyapatite. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of the bioengineered hydrogel constructs revealed the native-like osteocytes, mature osteoblasts, and cranial bone tissue morphologies with canaliculus-like intercellular connections. This platform provides a broadly applicable model system to potentially study diseases involving primarily embryonic craniofacial bone disorders, where direct diagnosis and adequate animal disease models are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjin Namkoong
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sinan Güven
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, Department of Electrical Engineering (By courtesy), Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balcova, 35350 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shwathy Ramesan
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Volha Liaudanskaya
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, Department of Electrical Engineering (By courtesy), Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Current address: Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom; Current address: Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Demirci BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Department of Radiology, Department of Electrical Engineering (By courtesy), Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Demirci BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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High glucose environment inhibits cranial neural crest survival by activating excessive autophagy in the chick embryo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18321. [PMID: 26671447 PMCID: PMC4680872 DOI: 10.1038/srep18321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose levels induced by maternal diabetes could lead to defects in neural crest development during embryogenesis, but the cellular mechanism is still not understood. In this study, we observed a defect in chick cranial skeleton, especially parietal bone development in the presence of high glucose levels, which is derived from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC). In early chick embryo, we found that inducing high glucose levels could inhibit the development of CNCC, however, cell proliferation was not significantly involved. Nevertheless, apoptotic CNCC increased in the presence of high levels of glucose. In addition, the expression of apoptosis and autophagy relevant genes were elevated by high glucose treatment. Next, the application of beads soaked in either an autophagy stimulator (Tunicamycin) or inhibitor (Hydroxychloroquine) functionally proved that autophagy was involved in regulating the production of CNCC in the presence of high glucose levels. Our observations suggest that the ERK pathway, rather than the mTOR pathway, most likely participates in mediating the autophagy induced by high glucose. Taken together, our observations indicated that exposure to high levels of glucose could inhibit the survival of CNCC by affecting cell apoptosis, which might result from the dysregulation of the autophagic process.
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27
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Dupin E, Le Douarin NM. The neural crest, a multifaceted structure of the vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:187-209. [PMID: 25219958 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, several features of the cells originating from the lateral borders of the primitive neural anlagen, the neural crest (NC) are considered. Among them, their multipotentiality, which together with their migratory properties, leads them to colonize the developing body and to participate in the development of many tissues and organs. The in vitro analysis of the developmental capacities of single NC cells (NCC) showed that they present several analogies with the hematopoietic cells whose differentiation involves the activity of stem cells endowed with different arrays of developmental potentialities. The permanence of such NC stem cells in the adult organism raises the problem of their role at that stage of life. The NC has appeared during evolution in the vertebrate phylum and is absent in their Protocordates ancestors. The major role of the NCC in the development of the vertebrate head points to a critical role for this structure in the remarkable diversification and radiation of this group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dupin
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
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28
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Vermillion KL, Lidberg KA, Gammill LS. Cytoplasmic protein methylation is essential for neural crest migration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 204:95-109. [PMID: 24379414 PMCID: PMC3882789 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational methylation of the non-histone, actin-binding protein EF1α1 is essential for neural crest migration. As they initiate migration in vertebrate embryos, neural crest cells are enriched for methylation cycle enzymes, including S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH), the only known enzyme to hydrolyze the feedback inhibitor of trans-methylation reactions. The importance of methylation in neural crest migration is unknown. Here, we show that SAHH is required for emigration of polarized neural crest cells, indicating that methylation is essential for neural crest migration. Although nuclear histone methylation regulates neural crest gene expression, SAHH and lysine-methylated proteins are abundant in the cytoplasm of migratory neural crest cells. Proteomic profiling of cytoplasmic, lysine-methylated proteins from migratory neural crest cells identified 182 proteins, several of which are cytoskeleton related. A methylation-resistant form of one of these proteins, the actin-binding protein elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EF1α1), blocks neural crest migration. Altogether, these data reveal a novel and essential role for post-translational nonhistone protein methylation during neural crest migration and define a previously unknown requirement for EF1α1 methylation in migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Vermillion
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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29
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Kinikoglu B, Kong Y, Liao EC. Characterization of cultured multipotent zebrafish neural crest cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 239:159-68. [PMID: 24326414 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213513997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a unique cell population associated with vertebrate evolution. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are characterized by their multipotent and migratory potentials. While zebrafish is a powerful genetic model organism, the isolation and culture of zebrafish NCCs would provide a useful adjunct to fully interrogate the genetic networks that regulate NCC development. Here we report for the first time the isolation, in vitro culture, and characterization of NCCs from zebrafish embryos. NCCs were isolated from transgenic sox10:egfp embryos using fluorescence activated cell sorting and cultured in complex culture medium without feeder layers. NCC multilineage differentiation was determined by immunocytochemistry and real-time qPCR, cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay, and the proliferation index was calculated by immunostaining against the mitosis marker phospho-histone H3. Cultured NCCs expressed major neural crest lineage markers such as sox10, sox9a, hnk1, p75, dlx2a, and pax3, and the pluripotency markers c-myc and klf4. We showed that the cultured NCCs can be differentiated into multiple neural crest lineages, contributing to neurons, glial cells, smooth muscle cells, melanocytes, and chondrocytes. We applied the NCC in vitro model to study the effect of retinoic acid on NCC development. We showed that retinoic acid had a profound effect on NCC morphology and differentiation, significantly inhibited proliferation and enhanced cell migration. The availability of high numbers of NCCs and reproducible functional assays offers new opportunities for mechanistic studies of neural crest development, in genetic and chemical biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beste Kinikoglu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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30
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Ibrahim DM, Hansen P, Rödelsperger C, Stiege AC, Doelken SC, Horn D, Jäger M, Janetzki C, Krawitz P, Leschik G, Wagner F, Scheuer T, Schmidt-von Kegler M, Seemann P, Timmermann B, Robinson PN, Mundlos S, Hecht J. Distinct global shifts in genomic binding profiles of limb malformation-associated HOXD13 mutations. Genome Res 2013; 23:2091-102. [PMID: 23995701 PMCID: PMC3847778 DOI: 10.1101/gr.157610.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulation by transcription factors (TFs) determines developmental programs and cell identity. Consequently, mutations in TFs can lead to dramatic phenotypes in humans by disrupting gene regulation. To date, the molecular mechanisms that actually cause these phenotypes have been difficult to address experimentally. ChIP-seq, which couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing, allows TF function to be investigated on a genome-wide scale, enabling new approaches for the investigation of gene regulation. Here, we present the application of ChIP-seq to explore the effect of missense mutations in TFs on their genome-wide binding profile. Using a retroviral expression system in chicken mesenchymal stem cells, we elucidated the mechanism underlying a novel missense mutation in HOXD13 (Q317K) associated with a complex hand and foot malformation phenotype. The mutated glutamine (Q) is conserved in most homeodomains, a notable exception being bicoid-type homeodomains that have lysine (K) at this position. Our results show that the mutation results in a shift in the binding profile of the mutant toward a bicoid/PITX1 motif. Gene expression analysis and functional assays using in vivo overexpression studies confirm that the mutation results in a partial conversion of HOXD13 into a TF with bicoid/PITX1 properties. A similar shift was not observed with another mutation, Q317R, which is associated with brachysyndactyly, suggesting that the bicoid/PITX1-shift observed for Q317K might be related to the severe clinical phenotype. The methodology described can be used to investigate a wide spectrum of TFs and mutations that have not previously been amenable to ChIP-seq experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Ibrahim
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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31
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Chen Y, Fan JX, Zhang ZL, Wang G, Cheng X, Chuai M, Lee KKH, Yang X. The negative influence of high-glucose ambience on neurogenesis in developing quail embryos. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66646. [PMID: 23818954 PMCID: PMC3688607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance during pregnancy and it is presented as high blood glucose levels during the onset pregnancy. This condition has an adverse impact on fetal development but the mechanism involved is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of high glucose on the developing quail embryo, especially its impact on the development of the nervous system. We established that high glucose altered the central nervous system mophologically, such that neural tube defects (NTDs) developed. In addition, we found that high glucose impaired nerve differentiation at dorsal root ganglia and in the developing limb buds, as revealed by neurofilament (NF) immunofluorescent staining. The dorsal root ganglia are normally derived from neural crest cells (NCCs), so we examine the delamination of NCCs from dorsal side of the neural tube. We established that high glucose was detrimental to the NCCs, in vivo and in vitro. High glucose also negatively affected neural differentiation by reducing the number and length of neurites emanating from neurons in culture. We established that high glucose exposure caused an increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation by primary cultured neurons. We hypothesized that excess ROS was the factor responsible for impairing neuron development and differentiation. We provided evidence for our hypothesis by showing that the addition of vitamin C (a powerful antioxidant) could rescue the damaging effects of high glucose on cultured neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-xia Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-long Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manli Chuai
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Ka Ho Lee
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Programme, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (XY); (KKHL)
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (KKHL)
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32
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Kudo LC, Vi N, Ma Z, Fields T, Avliyakulov NK, Haykinson MJ, Bragin A, Karsten SL. Novel Cell and Tissue Acquisition System (CTAS): microdissection of live and frozen brain tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41564. [PMID: 22855692 PMCID: PMC3404047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel, highly accurate, capillary based vacuum-assisted microdissection device CTAS - Cell and Tissue Acquisition System, for efficient isolation of enriched cell populations from live and freshly frozen tissues, which can be successfully used in a variety of molecular studies, including genomics and proteomics. Specific diameter of the disposable capillary unit (DCU) and precisely regulated short vacuum impulse ensure collection of the desired tissue regions and even individual cells. We demonstrated that CTAS is capable of dissecting specific regions of live and frozen mouse and rat brain tissues at the cellular resolution with high accuracy. CTAS based microdissection avoids potentially harmful physical treatment of tissues such as chemical treatment, laser irradiation, excessive heat or mechanical cell damage, thus preserving primary functions and activities of the dissected cells and tissues. High quality DNA, RNA, and protein can be isolated from CTAS-dissected samples, which are suitable for sequencing, microarray, 2D gel-based proteomic analyses, and Western blotting. We also demonstrated that CTAS can be used to isolate cells from native living tissues for subsequent recultivation of primary cultures without affecting cellular viability, making it a simple and cost-effective alternative for laser-assisted microdissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili C. Kudo
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Signal Hill, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCK); (SLK)
| | - Nancy Vi
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Signal Hill, California, United States of America
| | - Zhongcai Ma
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Signal Hill, California, United States of America
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Tony Fields
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nuraly K. Avliyakulov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Haykinson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anatol Bragin
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Signal Hill, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Stanislav L. Karsten
- NeuroInDx, Inc., Signal Hill, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LCK); (SLK)
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33
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Pfaltzgraff ER, Mundell NA, Labosky PA. Isolation and culture of neural crest cells from embryonic murine neural tube. J Vis Exp 2012:e4134. [PMID: 22688801 DOI: 10.3791/4134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic neural crest (NC) is a multipotent progenitor population that originates at the dorsal aspect of the neural tube, undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migrates throughout the embryo, giving rise to diverse cell types. NC also has the unique ability to influence the differentiation and maturation of target organs. When explanted in vitro, NC progenitors undergo self-renewal, migrate and differentiate into a variety of tissue types including neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells, cartilage and bone. NC multipotency was first described from explants of the avian neural tube. In vitro isolation of NC cells facilitates the study of NC dynamics including proliferation, migration, and multipotency. Further work in the avian and rat systems demonstrated that explanted NC cells retain their NC potential when transplanted back into the embryo. Because these inherent cellular properties are preserved in explanted NC progenitors, the neural tube explant assay provides an attractive option for studying the NC in vitro. To attain a better understanding of the mammalian NC, many methods have been employed to isolate NC populations. NC-derived progenitors can be cultured from post-migratory locations in both the embryo and adult to study the dynamics of post-migratory NC progenitors, however isolation of NC progenitors as they emigrate from the neural tube provides optimal preservation of NC cell potential and migratory properties. Some protocols employ fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate a NC population enriched for particular progenitors. However, when starting with early stage embryos, cell numbers adequate for analyses are difficult to obtain with FACS, complicating the isolation of early NC populations from individual embryos. Here, we describe an approach that does not rely on FACS and results in an approximately 96% pure NC population based on a Wnt1-Cre activated lineage reporter. The method presented here is adapted from protocols optimized for the culture of rat NC. The advantages of this protocol compared to previous methods are that 1) the cells are not grown on a feeder layer, 2) FACS is not required to obtain a relatively pure NC population, 3) premigratory NC cells are isolated and 4) results are easily quantified. Furthermore, this protocol can be used for isolation of NC from any mutant mouse model, facilitating the study of NC characteristics with different genetic manipulations. The limitation of this approach is that the NC is removed from the context of the embryo, which is known to influence the survival, migration and differentiation of the NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise R Pfaltzgraff
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
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Dupin E, Sommer L. Neural crest progenitors and stem cells: from early development to adulthood. Dev Biol 2012; 366:83-95. [PMID: 22425619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the vertebrate embryo, the neural crest forms transiently in the dorsal neural primordium to yield migratory cells that will invade nearly all tissues and later, will differentiate into bones and cartilages, neurons and glia, endocrine cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and melanocytes. Due to the amazingly diversified array of cell types it produces, the neural crest is an attractive model system in the stem cell field. We present here in vivo and in vitro studies of single cell fate, which led to the discovery and the characterization of stem cells in the neural crest of avian and mammalian embryos. Some of the key issues in neural crest cell diversification are discussed, such as the time of segregation of mesenchymal vs. neural/melanocytic lineages, and the origin and close relationships between the glial and melanocytic lineages. An overview is also provided of the diverse types of neural crest-like stem cells and progenitors, recently identified in a growing number of adult tissues in animals and humans. Current and future work, in which in vivo lineage studies and the use of injury models will complement the in vitro culture analysis, should help in unraveling the properties and function of neural crest-derived progenitors in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dupin
- INSERM U894 Equipe Plasticité Gliale, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience, 2 ter Rue d'Alésia 75014 Paris, France.
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