1
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Dahabieh MS, DeCamp LM, Oswald BM, Kitchen-Goosen SM, Fu Z, Vos M, Compton SE, Longo J, Williams KS, Ellis AE, Johnson A, Sodiya I, Vincent M, Lee H, Sheldon RD, Krawczyk CM, Yao C, Wu T, Jones RG. NRF2-dependent regulation of the prostacyclin receptor PTGIR drives CD8 T cell exhaustion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.23.600279. [PMID: 38979360 PMCID: PMC11230227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.23.600279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The progressive decline of CD8 T cell effector function-also known as terminal exhaustion-is a major contributor to immune evasion in cancer. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that drive CD8 T cell dysfunction remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling axis, which mediates cellular adaptations to oxidative stress, directly regulates CD8 T cell exhaustion. Transcriptional profiling of dysfunctional CD8 T cells from chronic infection and cancer reveals enrichment of NRF2 activity in terminally exhausted (Texterm) CD8 T cells. Increasing NRF2 activity in CD8 T cells (via conditional deletion of KEAP1) promotes increased glutathione production and antioxidant defense yet accelerates the development of terminally exhausted (PD-1+TIM-3+) CD8 T cells in response to chronic infection or tumor challenge. Mechanistically, we identify PTGIR, a receptor for the circulating eicosanoid prostacyclin, as an NRF2-regulated protein that promotes CD8 T cell dysfunction. Silencing PTGIR expression restores the anti-tumor function of KEAP1-deficient T cells. Moreover, lowering PTGIR expression in CD8 T cells both reduces terminal exhaustion and enhances T cell effector responses (i.e. IFN-γ and granzyme production) to chronic infection and cancer. Together, these results establish the KEAP1-NRF2 axis as a metabolic sensor linking oxidative stress to CD8 T cell dysfunction and identify the prostacyclin receptor PTGIR as an NRF2-regulated immune checkpoint that regulates CD8 T cell fate decisions between effector and exhausted states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Dahabieh
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Lisa M DeCamp
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Brandon M Oswald
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Susan M Kitchen-Goosen
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zhen Fu
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Matthew Vos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Shelby E Compton
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Joseph Longo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelsey S Williams
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Abigail E Ellis
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Amy Johnson
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ibukunoluwa Sodiya
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Michael Vincent
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Hyoungjoo Lee
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Connie M Krawczyk
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tuoqi Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Russell G Jones
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Metabolism and Nutrition (MeNu) Program, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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2
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Murphy KC, Ruscetti M. Advances in Making Cancer Mouse Models More Accessible and Informative through Non-Germline Genetic Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041348. [PMID: 37277206 PMCID: PMC10982712 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) allow for modeling of spontaneous tumorigenesis within its native microenvironment in mice and have provided invaluable insights into mechanisms of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies to treat human disease. However, as their generation requires germline manipulation and extensive animal breeding that is time-, labor-, and cost-intensive, traditional GEMMs are not accessible to most researchers, and fail to model the full breadth of cancer-associated genetic alterations and therapeutic targets. Recent advances in genome-editing technologies and their implementation in somatic tissues of mice have ushered in a new class of mouse models: non-germline GEMMs (nGEMMs). nGEMM approaches can be leveraged to generate somatic tumors de novo harboring virtually any individual or group of genetic alterations found in human cancer in a mouse through simple procedures that do not require breeding, greatly increasing the accessibility and speed and scale on which GEMMs can be produced. Here we describe the technologies and delivery systems used to create nGEMMs and highlight new biological insights derived from these models that have rapidly informed functional cancer genomics, precision medicine, and immune oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Murphy
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Marcus Ruscetti
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA;
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
- Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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3
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Katti A, Vega-Pérez A, Foronda M, Zimmerman J, Zafra MP, Granowsky E, Goswami S, Gardner EE, Diaz BJ, Simon JM, Wuest A, Luan W, Fernandez MTC, Kadina AP, Walker JA, Holden K, Lowe SW, Sánchez Rivera FJ, Dow LE. Generation of precision preclinical cancer models using regulated in vivo base editing. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:437-447. [PMID: 37563300 PMCID: PMC11295146 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Although single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) make up the majority of cancer-associated genetic changes and have been comprehensively catalogued, little is known about their impact on tumor initiation and progression. To enable the functional interrogation of cancer-associated SNVs, we developed a mouse system for temporal and regulatable in vivo base editing. The inducible base editing (iBE) mouse carries a single expression-optimized cytosine base editor transgene under the control of a tetracycline response element and enables robust, doxycycline-dependent expression across a broad range of tissues in vivo. Combined with plasmid-based or synthetic guide RNAs, iBE drives efficient engineering of individual or multiple SNVs in intestinal, lung and pancreatic organoids. Temporal regulation of base editor activity allows controlled sequential genome editing ex vivo and in vivo, and delivery of sgRNAs directly to target tissues facilitates generation of in situ preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyna Katti
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrián Vega-Pérez
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill Zimmerman
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biosanitary Research Institute (IBS)-Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Granowsky
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric E Gardner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bianca J Diaz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janelle M Simon
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Wuest
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco J Sánchez Rivera
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Goto N, Westcott PMK, Goto S, Imada S, Taylor MS, Eng G, Braverman J, Deshpande V, Jacks T, Agudo J, Yilmaz ÖH. SOX17 enables immune evasion of early colorectal adenomas and cancers. Nature 2024; 627:636-645. [PMID: 38418875 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is the avoidance of immune destruction. This process has been primarily investigated in locally advanced or metastatic cancer1-3; however, much less is known about how pre-malignant or early invasive tumours evade immune detection. Here, to understand this process in early colorectal cancers (CRCs), we investigated how naive colon cancer organoids that were engineered in vitro to harbour Apc-null, KrasG12D and Trp53-null (AKP) mutations adapted to the in vivo native colonic environment. Comprehensive transcriptomic and chromatin analyses revealed that the endoderm-specifying transcription factor SOX17 became strongly upregulated in vivo. Notably, whereas SOX17 loss did not affect AKP organoid propagation in vitro, its loss markedly reduced the ability of AKP tumours to persist in vivo. The small fraction of SOX17-null tumours that grew displayed notable interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing effector-like CD8+ T cell infiltrates in contrast to the immune-suppressive microenvironment in wild-type counterparts. Mechanistically, in both endogenous Apc-null pre-malignant adenomas and transplanted organoid-derived AKP CRCs, SOX17 suppresses the ability of tumour cells to sense and respond to IFNγ, preventing anti-tumour T cell responses. Finally, SOX17 engages a fetal intestinal programme that drives differentiation away from LGR5+ tumour cells to produce immune-evasive LGR5- tumour cells with lower expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). We propose that SOX17 is a transcription factor that is engaged during the early steps of colon cancer to orchestrate an immune-evasive programme that permits CRC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Saori Goto
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shinya Imada
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George Eng
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Braverman
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Judith Agudo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- New York Stem Cell Foundation-Robertson Investigator, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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5
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Bai JDK, Saha S, Wood M, Chen B, Li J, Dow LE, Montrose DC. Serine Supports Epithelial and Immune Cell Function in Colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00071-3. [PMID: 38417696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are largely driven by immune cell activity; mucosal healing is critical for remission. Serine is a nonessential amino acid that supports epithelial and immune cell metabolism and proliferation; however, whether these roles affect IBD pathogenesis is not well understood. Here, we show that serine synthesis increases selectively in the epithelial cells of colons from patients with IBD and murine models of colitis. Inhibiting serine synthesis impairs colonic mucosal healing and increases susceptibility to acute injury in mice, effects associated with impaired epithelial cell proliferation. Dietary removal of serine similarly sensitizes mice to acute chemically induced colitis but ameliorates inflammation in chronic colitis models. The anti-inflammatory effect of exogenous serine depletion in chronic colitis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction of macrophages, resulting in impaired nucleotide production and proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that serine plays an important role in both epithelial and immune cell biology in the colon and that modulating its availability could affect IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dong K Bai
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Suchandrima Saha
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Michael Wood
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, New York.
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6
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Iakovleva V, Wuestefeld A, Ong ABL, Gao R, Kaya NA, Lee MY, Zhai W, Tam WL, Dan YY, Wuestefeld T. Mfap4: a promising target for enhanced liver regeneration and chronic liver disease treatment. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:63. [PMID: 37935709 PMCID: PMC10630300 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has a remarkable regenerative capacity. Nevertheless, under chronic liver-damaging conditions, this capacity becomes exhausted, allowing the accumulation of fibrotic tissue and leading to end-stage liver disease. Enhancing the endogenous regenerative capacity by targeting regeneration breaks is an innovative therapeutic approach. We set up an in vivo functional genetic screen to identify such regeneration breaks. As the top hit, we identified Microfibril associated protein 4 (Mfap4). Knockdown of Mfap4 in hepatocytes enhances cell proliferation, accelerates liver regeneration, and attenuates chronic liver disease by reducing liver fibrosis. Targeting Mfap4 modulates several liver regeneration-related pathways including mTOR. Our research opens the way to siRNA-based therapeutics to enhance hepatocyte-based liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Iakovleva
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics and Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Anna Wuestefeld
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics and Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Agnes Bee Leng Ong
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics and Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Rong Gao
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics and Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neslihan Arife Kaya
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - May Yin Lee
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Biology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Republic of Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore, 119074, Republic of Singapore
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Laboratory of In Vivo Genetics and Gene Therapy, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore.
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang University of Singapore, Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore.
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Republic of Singapore.
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7
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Vail ME, Farnsworth RH, Hii L, Allen S, Arora S, Anderson RL, Dickins RA, Orimo A, Wu SZ, Swarbrick A, Scott AM, Janes PW. Inhibition of EphA3 Expression in Tumour Stromal Cells Suppresses Tumour Growth and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4646. [PMID: 37760615 PMCID: PMC10527215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression relies on interactions with untransformed cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME), including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote blood supply, tumour progression, and immune evasion. Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are cell guidance receptors that are most active during development but re-emerge in cancer and are recognised drug targets. EphA3 is overexpressed in a wide range of tumour types, and we previously found expression particularly in stromal and vascular tissues of the TME. To investigate its role in the TME, we generated transgenic mice with inducible shRNA-mediated knockdown of EphA3 expression. EphA3 knockdown was confirmed in aortic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which displayed reduced angiogenic capacity. In mice with syngeneic lung tumours, EphA3 knockdown reduced vasculature and CAF/MSC-like cells in tumours, and inhibited tumour growth, which was confirmed also in a melanoma model. Single cell RNA sequencing analysis of multiple human tumour types confirmed EphA3 expression in CAFs, including in breast cancer, where EphA3 was particularly prominent in perivascular- and myofibroblast-like CAFs. Our results thus indicate expression of the cell guidance receptor EphA3 in distinct CAF subpopulations is important in supporting tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Vail
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Rae H. Farnsworth
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Linda Hii
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stacey Allen
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Sakshi Arora
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Robin L. Anderson
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Ross A. Dickins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sunny Z. Wu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Peter W. Janes
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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8
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da Silva CA, Grover CJ, Picardo MCD, Del Negro CA. Role of Na V1.6-mediated persistent sodium current and bursting-pacemaker properties in breathing rhythm generation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113000. [PMID: 37590134 PMCID: PMC10528911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspiration is the inexorable active phase of breathing. The brainstem pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) gives rise to inspiratory neural rhythm, but its underlying cellular and ionic bases remain unclear. The long-standing "pacemaker hypothesis" posits that the persistent Na+ current (INaP) that gives rise to bursting-pacemaker properties in preBötC interneurons is essential for rhythmogenesis. We tested the pacemaker hypothesis by conditionally knocking out and knocking down the Scn8a (Nav1.6 [voltage-gated sodium channel 1.6]) gene in core rhythmogenic preBötC neurons. Deleting Scn8a substantially decreases the INaP and abolishes bursting-pacemaker activity, which slows inspiratory rhythm in vitro and negatively impacts the postnatal development of ventilation. Diminishing Scn8a via genetic interference has no impact on breathing in adult mice. We argue that the Scn8a-mediated INaP is not obligatory but that it influences the development and rhythmic function of the preBötC. The ubiquity of the INaP in respiratory brainstem interneurons could underlie breathing-related behaviors such as neonatal phonation or rhythmogenesis in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A da Silva
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
| | - Cameron J Grover
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA
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9
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Bin S, Cantarelli C, Horwitz JK, Gentile M, Podestà MA, La Manna G, Heeger PS, Cravedi P. Endogenous erythropoietin has immunoregulatory functions that limit the expression of autoimmune kidney disease in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195662. [PMID: 37520571 PMCID: PMC10381939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Administration of recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), a kidney-produced hormone with erythropoietic functions, has been shown to have multiple immunoregulatory effects in mice and humans, but whether physiological levels of EPO regulate immune function in vivo has not been previously evaluated. Methods We generated mice in which we could downregulate EPO production using a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible, EPO-specific silencing RNA (shEPOrtTAPOS), and we crossed them with B6.MRL-Faslpr/J mice that develop spontaneous lupus. We treated these B6.MRL/lpr shEPOrtTAPOS with DOX and serially measured anti-dsDNA antibodies, analyzed immune subsets by flow cytometry, and evaluated clinical signs of disease activity over 6 months of age in B6.MRL/lpr shEPOrtTAPOS and in congenic shEPOrtTANEG controls. Results In B6.MRL/lpr mice, Epo downregulation augmented anti-dsDNA autoantibody levels and increased disease severity and percentages of germinal center B cells compared with controls. It also increased intracellular levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 in macrophages. Discussion Our data in a murine model of lupus document that endogenous EPO reduces T- and B-cell activation and autoantibody production, supporting the conclusion that EPO physiologically acts as a counterregulatory mechanism to control immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI) Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Unità Operativa (UO) Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Julian K. Horwitz
- Precision Immunology Institute, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Ronald Reagan Medical Center, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Micaela Gentile
- Precision Immunology Institute, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Parma, Unità Operativa (UO) Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Manuel Alfredo Podestà
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) - Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Industriale (CIRI) Scienze della Vita e Tecnologie per la Salute - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Precision Immunology Institute, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Precision Immunology Institute, Translational Transplant Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Burdziak C, Alonso-Curbelo D, Walle T, Reyes J, Barriga FM, Haviv D, Xie Y, Zhao Z, Zhao CJ, Chen HA, Chaudhary O, Masilionis I, Choo ZN, Gao V, Luan W, Wuest A, Ho YJ, Wei Y, Quail DF, Koche R, Mazutis L, Chaligné R, Nawy T, Lowe SW, Pe’er D. Epigenetic plasticity cooperates with cell-cell interactions to direct pancreatic tumorigenesis. Science 2023; 380:eadd5327. [PMID: 37167403 PMCID: PMC10316746 DOI: 10.1126/science.add5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The response to tumor-initiating inflammatory and genetic insults can vary among morphologically indistinguishable cells, suggesting as yet uncharacterized roles for epigenetic plasticity during early neoplasia. To investigate the origins and impact of such plasticity, we performed single-cell analyses on normal, inflamed, premalignant, and malignant tissues in autochthonous models of pancreatic cancer. We reproducibly identified heterogeneous cell states that are primed for diverse, late-emerging neoplastic fates and linked these to chromatin remodeling at cell-cell communication loci. Using an inference approach, we revealed signaling gene modules and tissue-level cross-talk, including a neoplasia-driving feedback loop between discrete epithelial and immune cell populations that was functionally validated in mice. Our results uncover a neoplasia-specific tissue-remodeling program that may be exploited for pancreatic cancer interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology; Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Thomas Walle
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases; Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - José Reyes
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Francisco M. Barriga
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Doron Haviv
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yubin Xie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chujun Julia Zhao
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hsuan-An Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ojasvi Chaudhary
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Ignas Masilionis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Choo
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vianne Gao
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra Wuest
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University; Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University; Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University; New York, NY 10027, USA
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre; Vilnius University, Vilnius LT 02158, Lithuania
| | - Ronan Chaligné
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, NY, USA
| | - Tal Nawy
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Dana Pe’er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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11
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Khayati K, Bhatt V, Lan T, Alogaili F, wang W, Lopez E, Hu ZS, Gokhale S, Cassidy L, Narita M, Xie P, White E, Guo JY. Transient Systemic Autophagy Inhibition Is Selectively and Irreversibly Deleterious to Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4429-4443. [PMID: 36156071 PMCID: PMC9722642 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Autophagy supports lung tumorigenesis and is a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. A better understanding of the importance of tumor cell-autonomous versus systemic autophagy in lung cancer could facilitate clinical translation of autophagy inhibition. Here, we exploited inducible expression of Atg5 shRNA to temporally control Atg5 levels and to generate reversible tumor-specific and systemic autophagy loss mouse models of KrasG12D/+;p53-/- (KP) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transient suppression of systemic but not tumor Atg5 expression significantly reduced established KP lung tumor growth without damaging normal tissues. In vivo13C isotope tracing and metabolic flux analyses demonstrated that systemic Atg5 knockdown specifically led to reduced glucose and lactate uptake. As a result, carbon flux from glucose and lactate to major metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and serine biosynthesis, was significantly reduced in KP NSCLC following systemic autophagy loss. Furthermore, systemic Atg5 knockdown increased tumor T-cell infiltration, leading to T-cell-mediated tumor killing. Importantly, intermittent transient systemic Atg5 knockdown, which resembles what would occur during autophagy inhibition for cancer therapy, significantly prolonged lifespan of KP lung tumor-bearing mice, resulting in recovery of normal tissues but not tumors. Thus, systemic autophagy supports the growth of established lung tumors by promoting immune evasion and sustaining cancer cell metabolism for energy production and biosynthesis, and the inability of tumors to recover from loss of autophagy provides further proof of concept that inhibition of autophagy is a valid approach to cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Transient loss of systemic autophagy causes irreversible damage to tumors by suppressing cancer cell metabolism and promoting antitumor immunity, supporting autophagy inhibition as a rational strategy for treating lung cancer. See related commentary by Gan, p. 4322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoosheh Khayati
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Taijin Lan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Fawzi Alogaili
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Wenping wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Enrique Lopez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Zhixian Sherrie Hu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Liam Cassidy
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ping Xie
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Eileen White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Jessie Yanxiang Guo
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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12
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Mainz L, Sarhan MAFE, Roth S, Sauer U, Kalogirou C, Eckstein M, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Seibert HD, Voelker HU, Geppert C, Rosenwald A, Eilers M, Schulze A, Diefenbacher M, Rosenfeldt MT. Acute systemic knockdown of Atg7 is lethal and causes pancreatic destruction in shRNA transgenic mice. Autophagy 2022; 18:2880-2893. [PMID: 35343375 PMCID: PMC9673934 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2052588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The notion that macroautophagy/autophagy is a potentially attractive therapeutic target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, largely stems from pre-clinical mouse studies. Most of these examine the effects of irreversible and organ confined autophagy deletion using site specific Cre-loxP recombination of the essential autophagy regulating genes Atg7 or Atg5. Model systems with the ability to impair autophagy systemically and reversibly at all disease stages would allow a more realistic approach to evaluate the consequences of authophagy inhibition as a therapeutic concept and its potential side effects. Here, we present shRNA transgenic mice that via doxycycline (DOX) regulable expression of a highly efficient miR30-E-based shRNA enabled knockdown of Atg7 simultaneously in the majority of organs, with the brain and spleen being noteable exceptions. Induced animals deteriorated rapidly and experienced profound destruction of the exocrine pancreas, severe hypoglycemia and depletion of hepatic glycogen storages. Cessation of DOX application restored apparent health, glucose homeostasis and pancreatic integrity. In a similar Atg5 knockdown model we neither observed loss of pancreatic integrity nor diminished survival after DOX treatment, but identified histological changes consistent with steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in the recovery period after termination of DOX. Regulable Atg7-shRNA mice are valuable tools that will enable further studies on the role of autophagy impairment at various disease stages and thereby help to evaluate the consequences of acute autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic concept.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AMY: amylase complex; ATG4B: autophagy related 4B, cysteine peptidase; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; Cag: CMV early enhancer/chicken ACTB promoter; Col1a1: collagen, type I, alpha 1; Cre: cre recombinase; DOX: doxycycline; GCG: glucagon; GFP: green fluorescent protein; INS: insulin; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; miR30-E: optimized microRNA backbone; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PNLIP: pancreatic lipase; rtTA: reverse tetracycline transactivator protein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestome 1; TRE: tetracycline responsive element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mainz
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. F. E. Sarhan
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Roth
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charis Kalogirou
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helen-Desiree Seibert
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Voelker
- Department of Pathology, Leopoldina Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum, Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Carol Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Biocenter, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Metabolism and Microenvironment, Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Biocenter, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias T. Rosenfeldt
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranke, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany,CONTACT Mathias T. Rosenfeldt Institute of Pathology – University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2,97080Würzburg, Germany
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13
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Dudakovic A, Jerez S, Deosthale PJ, Denbeigh JM, Paradise CR, Gluscevic M, Zan P, Begun DL, Camilleri ET, Pichurin O, Khani F, Thaler R, Lian JB, Stein GS, Westendorf JJ, Plotkin LI, van Wijnen AJ. MicroRNA-101a enhances trabecular bone accrual in male mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13361. [PMID: 35922466 PMCID: PMC9349183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput microRNA sequencing was performed during differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts to develop working hypotheses for specific microRNAs that control osteogenesis. The expression data show that miR-101a, which targets the mRNAs for the epigenetic enzyme Ezh2 and many other proteins, is highly upregulated during osteoblast differentiation and robustly expressed in mouse calvaria. Transient elevation of miR-101a suppresses Ezh2 levels, reduces tri-methylation of lysine 27 in histone 3 (H3K27me3; a heterochromatic mark catalyzed by Ezh2), and accelerates mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. We also examined skeletal phenotypes of an inducible miR-101a transgene under direct control of doxycycline administration. Experimental controls and mir-101a over-expressing mice were exposed to doxycycline in utero and postnatally (up to 8 weeks of age) to maximize penetrance of skeletal phenotypes. Male mice that over-express miR-101a have increased total body weight and longer femora. MicroCT analysis indicate that these mice have increased trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness with reduced trabecular spacing as compared to controls. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrates a significant reduction in osteoid volume to bone volume and osteoid surface to bone surface. Remarkably, while female mice also exhibit a significant increase in bone length, no significant changes were noted by microCT (trabecular bone parameters) and histomorphometry (osteoid parameters). Hence, miR-101a upregulation during osteoblast maturation and the concomitant reduction in Ezh2 mediated H3K27me3 levels may contribute to the enhanced trabecular bone parameters in male mice. However, the sex-specific effect of miR-101a indicates that more intricate epigenetic mechanisms mediate physiological control of bone formation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Padmini J Deosthale
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher R Paradise
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Martina Gluscevic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pengfei Zan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dana L Begun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Oksana Pichurin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Amen AM, Loughran RM, Huang CH, Lew RJ, Ravi A, Guan Y, Schatoff EM, Dow LE, Emerling BM, Fellmann C. Endogenous spacing enables co-processing of microRNAs and efficient combinatorial RNAi. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100239. [PMID: 35880017 PMCID: PMC9308131 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present Multi-miR, a microRNA-embedded shRNA system modeled after endogenous microRNA clusters that enables simultaneous expression of up to three or four short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) from a single promoter without loss of activity, enabling robust combinatorial RNA interference (RNAi). We further developed complementary all-in-one vectors that are over one log-scale more sensitive to doxycycline-mediated activation in vitro than previous methods and resistant to shRNA inactivation in vivo. We demonstrate the utility of this system for intracranial expression of shRNAs in a glioblastoma model. Additionally, we leverage this platform to target the redundant RAF signaling node in a mouse model of KRAS-mutant cancer and show that robust combinatorial synthetic lethality efficiently abolishes tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Amen
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan M. Loughran
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel J. Lew
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Archna Ravi
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Emma M. Schatoff
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christof Fellmann
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Mirimus Inc., Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Song M, Li Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Yang L, Zhang F, Song C, Miao M, Chang W, Shi H. The Long Non-Coding RNA FAM222A-AS1 Negatively Modulates MiR-Let-7f to Promote Colorectal Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:764621. [PMID: 35646686 PMCID: PMC9133450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.764621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are potential biomarkers and key regulators of tumor development and progression. The present study aimed to screen abnormal expression lncRNAs and investigate the mechanisms underlying the function in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Potential CRC prognosis-associated dysregulated lncRNAs were screened and identified using bioinformatics analysis. Loss/gain-of-function experiments were performed to detect the biological roles of FAM222A-AS1 in CRC cell phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. The potential microRNAs that interact with FAM222A-AS1 were identified using online tools and were verified using qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay. The expression of FAM222A-AS1 is significantly upregulated in CRC tumor samples and cell lines. CRC patients with elevated FAM222A-AS1 expression in the tumor samples had unfavorable overall survival and disease-free survival. Silencing FAM222A-AS1 expression significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, FAM222A-AS1 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. It may directly bound to miR-let-7f and inhibit its expression and upregulate MYH9. In summary, FAM222A-AS1, as a novel oncogene in CRC, may promote the CRC progression by inhibiting miR-let-7f/MYH9 axis. The FAM222A-AS1/miR-let-7f/MYH9 signaling pathway may be a novel valuable target for inhibiting CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhewen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Miao
- Department of Biochemistry, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanping Shi, ; Wenjun Chang, ; Mingyong Miao,
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanping Shi, ; Wenjun Chang, ; Mingyong Miao,
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Clinical Nutrition, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hanping Shi, ; Wenjun Chang, ; Mingyong Miao,
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16
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Kopasz AG, Pusztai DZ, Karkas R, Hudoba L, Abdullah KSA, Imre G, Pankotai-Bodó G, Migh E, Nagy A, Kriston A, Germán P, Drubi AB, Molnár A, Fekete I, Dani VÉ, Ocsovszki I, Puskás LG, Horváth P, Sükösd F, Mátés L. A versatile transposon-based technology to generate loss- and gain-of-function phenotypes in the mouse liver. BMC Biol 2022; 20:74. [PMID: 35361222 PMCID: PMC8974095 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the contribution of gene function in distinct organ systems to the pathogenesis of human diseases in biomedical research requires modifying gene expression through the generation of gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes in model organisms, for instance, the mouse. However, methods to modify both germline and somatic genomes have important limitations that prevent easy, strong, and stable expression of transgenes. For instance, while the liver is remarkably easy to target, nucleic acids introduced to modify the genome of hepatocytes are rapidly lost, or the transgene expression they mediate becomes inhibited due to the action of effector pathways for the elimination of exogenous DNA. Novel methods are required to overcome these challenges, and here we develop a somatic gene delivery technology enabling long-lasting high-level transgene expression in the entire hepatocyte population of mice. RESULTS We exploit the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah) gene correction-induced regeneration in Fah-deficient livers, to demonstrate that such approach stabilizes luciferase expression more than 5000-fold above the level detected in WT animals, following plasmid DNA introduction complemented by transposon-mediated chromosomal gene transfer. Building on this advancement, we created a versatile technology platform for performing gene function analysis in vivo in the mouse liver. Our technology allows the tag-free expression of proteins of interest and silencing of any arbitrary gene in the mouse genome. This was achieved by applying the HADHA/B endogenous bidirectional promoter capable of driving well-balanced bidirectional expression and by optimizing in vivo intronic artificial microRNA-based gene silencing. We demonstrated the particular usefulness of the technology in cancer research by creating a p53-silenced and hRas G12V-overexpressing tumor model. CONCLUSIONS We developed a versatile technology platform for in vivo somatic genome editing in the mouse liver, which meets multiple requirements for long-lasting high-level transgene expression. We believe that this technology will contribute to the development of a more accurate new generation of tools for gene function analysis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dávid Zsolt Pusztai
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Karkas
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Liza Hudoba
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Khaldoon Sadiq Ahmed Abdullah
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Imre
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ede Migh
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Nagy
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kriston
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Germán
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Bakné Drubi
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna Molnár
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Fekete
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Virág Éva Dani
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Géza Puskás
- grid.481815.1Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- grid.481814.00000 0004 0479 9817Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary ,grid.452494.a0000 0004 0409 5350Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Farkas Sükösd
- grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Institute of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Mátés
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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17
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van der Donk LEH, van der Spek J, van Duivenvoorde T, Ten Brink MS, Geijtenbeek TBH, Kuijl CP, van Heijst JWJ, Ates LS. An optimized retroviral toolbox for overexpression and genetic perturbation of primary lymphocytes. Biol Open 2022; 11:274579. [PMID: 35229875 PMCID: PMC8905627 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of primary lymphocytes is crucial for both clinical purposes and fundamental research. Despite their broad use, we encountered a paucity of data on systematic comparison and optimization of retroviral vectors, the workhorses of genetic modification of primary lymphocytes. Here, we report the construction and validation of a versatile range of retroviral expression vectors. These vectors can be used for the knockdown or overexpression of genes of interest in primary human and murine lymphocytes, in combination with a wide choice of selection and reporter strategies. By streamlining the vector backbone and insert design, these publicly available vectors allow easy interchangeability of the independent building blocks, such as different promoters, fluorescent proteins, surface markers and antibiotic resistance cassettes. We validated these vectors and tested the optimal promoters for in vitro and in vivo overexpression and knockdown of the murine T cell antigen receptor. By publicly sharing these vectors and the data on their optimization, we aim to facilitate genetic modification of primary lymphocytes for researchers entering this field. Summary: Viral transduction is generally the method of choice for genetic manipulation of primary lymphocytes. Here, the authors systematically compared different genetic components and created and shared an optimized set of vectors that can be used in all aspects of research on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve E H van der Donk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Jet van der Spek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Duivenvoorde
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke S Ten Brink
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Coenraad P Kuijl
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W J van Heijst
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Louis S Ates
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands.,Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
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18
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Nakamura K, Reid BM, Chen A, Chen Z, Goode EL, Permuth JB, Teer JK, Tyrer J, Yu X, Kanetsky PA, Pharoah PD, Gayther SA, Sellers TA, Lawrenson K, Karreth FA. Functional analysis of the 1p34.3 risk locus implicates GNL2 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:116-135. [PMID: 34965383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) risk locus at chromosome 1p34.3 resides within a frequently amplified genomic region signifying the presence of an oncogene. Here, we integrate in silico variant-to-function analysis with functional studies to characterize the oncogenic potential of candidate genes in the 1p34.3 locus. Fine mapping of genome-wide association statistics identified candidate causal SNPs local to H3K27ac-demarcated enhancer regions that exhibit allele-specific binding for CTCF in HGSOC and normal fallopian tube secretory epithelium cells (FTSECs). SNP risk associations colocalized with eQTL for six genes (DNALI1, GNL2, RSPO1, SNIP1, MEAF6, and LINC01137) that are more highly expressed in carriers of the risk allele, and three (DNALI1, GNL2, and RSPO1) were upregulated in HGSOC compared to normal ovarian surface epithelium cells and/or FTSECs. Increased expression of GNL2 and MEAF6 was associated with shorter survival in HGSOC with 1p34.3 amplifications. Despite its activation of β-catenin signaling, RSPO1 overexpression exerted no effects on proliferation or colony formation in our study of ovarian cancer and FTSECs. Instead, GNL2, MEAF6, and SNIP1 silencing impaired in vitro ovarian cancer cell growth. Additionally, GNL2 silencing diminished xenograft tumor formation, whereas overexpression stimulated proliferation and colony formation in FTSECs. GNL2 influences 60S ribosomal subunit maturation and global protein synthesis in ovarian cancer and FTSECs, providing a potential mechanism of how GNL2 upregulation might promote ovarian cancer development and mediate genetic susceptibility of HGSOC.
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19
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RB depletion is required for the continuous growth of tumors initiated by loss of RB. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009941. [PMID: 34879057 PMCID: PMC8654178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor is functionally inactivated in a wide range of human tumors where this inactivation promotes tumorigenesis in part by allowing uncontrolled proliferation. RB has been extensively studied, but its mechanisms of action in normal and cancer cells remain only partly understood. Here, we describe a new mouse model to investigate the consequences of RB depletion and its re-activation in vivo. In these mice, induction of shRNA molecules targeting RB for knock-down results in the development of phenotypes similar to Rb knock-out mice, including the development of pituitary and thyroid tumors. Re-expression of RB leads to cell cycle arrest in cancer cells and repression of transcriptional programs driven by E2F activity. Thus, continuous RB loss is required for the maintenance of tumor phenotypes initiated by loss of RB, and this new mouse model will provide a new platform to investigate RB function in vivo.
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20
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In vivo inducible reverse genetics in patients' tumors to identify individual therapeutic targets. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5655. [PMID: 34580292 PMCID: PMC8476619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing describes multiple alterations in individual tumors, but their functional relevance is often unclear. Clinic-close, individualized molecular model systems are required for functional validation and to identify therapeutic targets of high significance for each patient. Here, we establish a Cre-ERT2-loxP (causes recombination, estrogen receptor mutant T2, locus of X-over P1) based inducible RNAi- (ribonucleic acid interference) mediated gene silencing system in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of acute leukemias in vivo. Mimicking anti-cancer therapy in patients, gene inhibition is initiated in mice harboring orthotopic tumors. In fluorochrome guided, competitive in vivo trials, silencing of the apoptosis regulator MCL1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1) correlates to pharmacological MCL1 inhibition in patients´ tumors, demonstrating the ability of the method to detect therapeutic vulnerabilities. The technique identifies a major tumor-maintaining potency of the MLL-AF4 (mixed lineage leukemia, ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 4) fusion, restricted to samples carrying the translocation. DUX4 (double homeobox 4) plays an essential role in patients’ leukemias carrying the recently described DUX4-IGH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) translocation, while the downstream mediator DDIT4L (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 like) is identified as therapeutic vulnerability. By individualizing functional genomics in established tumors in vivo, our technique decisively complements the value chain of precision oncology. Being broadly applicable to tumors of all kinds, it will considerably reinforce personalizing anti-cancer treatment in the future. Preclinical molecular models are useful that mimic a patient´s response to targeted therapy. Here, the authors establish an in vivo inducible RNAi-mediated gene silencing system in patient-derived xenograft models of acute leukemia to identify individual vulnerabilities and therapeutic targets.
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21
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Luckett KA, Cracchiolo JR, Krishnamoorthy GP, Leandro-Garcia LJ, Nagarajah J, Saqcena M, Lester R, Im SY, Zhao Z, Lowe SW, de Stanchina E, Sherman EJ, Ho AL, Leach SD, Knauf JA, Fagin JA. Co-inhibition of SMAD and MAPK signaling enhances 124I uptake in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:391-402. [PMID: 33890869 PMCID: PMC8183640 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive MAPK activation silences genes required for iodide uptake and thyroid hormone biosynthesis in thyroid follicular cells. Accordingly, most BRAFV600E papillary thyroid cancers (PTC) are refractory to radioiodide (RAI) therapy. MAPK pathway inhibitors rescue thyroid-differentiated properties and RAI responsiveness in mice and patient subsets with BRAFV600E-mutant PTC. TGFB1 also impairs thyroid differentiation and has been proposed to mediate the effects of mutant BRAF. We generated a mouse model of BRAFV600E-PTC with thyroid-specific knockout of the Tgfbr1 gene to investigate the role of TGFB1 on thyroid-differentiated gene expression and RAI uptake in vivo. Despite appropriate loss of Tgfbr1, pSMAD levels remained high, indicating that ligands other than TGFB1 were engaging in this pathway. The activin ligand subunits Inhba and Inhbb were found to be overexpressed in BRAFV600E-mutant thyroid cancers. Treatment with follistatin, a potent inhibitor of activin, or vactosertib, which inhibits both TGFBR1 and the activin type I receptor ALK4, induced a profound inhibition of pSMAD in BRAFV600E-PTCs. Blocking SMAD signaling alone was insufficient to enhance iodide uptake in the setting of constitutive MAPK activation. However, combination treatment with either follistatin or vactosertib and the MEK inhibitor CKI increased 124I uptake compared to CKI alone. In summary, activin family ligands converge to induce pSMAD in Braf-mutant PTCs. Dedifferentiation of BRAFV600E-PTCs cannot be ascribed primarily to activation of SMAD. However, targeting TGFβ/activin-induced pSMAD augmented MAPK inhibitor effects on iodine incorporation into BRAF tumor cells, indicating that these two pathways exert interdependent effects on the differentiation state of thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Luckett
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cracchiolo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gnana P Krishnamoorthy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Luis Javier Leandro-Garcia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Nagarajah
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mahesh Saqcena
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rona Lester
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Soo Y Im
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric J Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alan L Ho
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Knauf
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J A Knauf or J A Fagin: or
| | - James A Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to J A Knauf or J A Fagin: or
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22
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Asanović I, Strandback E, Kroupova A, Pasajlic D, Meinhart A, Tsung-Pin P, Djokovic N, Anrather D, Schuetz T, Suskiewicz MJ, Sillamaa S, Köcher T, Beveridge R, Nikolic K, Schleiffer A, Jinek M, Hartl M, Clausen T, Penninger J, Macheroux P, Weitzer S, Martinez J. The oxidoreductase PYROXD1 uses NAD(P) + as an antioxidant to sustain tRNA ligase activity in pre-tRNA splicing and unfolded protein response. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2520-2532.e16. [PMID: 33930333 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC) splices precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNA), and Xbp1-mRNA during the unfolded protein response (UPR). In aerobic conditions, a cysteine residue bound to two metal ions in its ancient, catalytic subunit RTCB could make the tRNA-LC susceptible to oxidative inactivation. Here, we confirm this hypothesis and reveal a co-evolutionary association between the tRNA-LC and PYROXD1, a conserved and essential oxidoreductase. We reveal that PYROXD1 preserves the activity of the mammalian tRNA-LC in pre-tRNA splicing and UPR. PYROXD1 binds the tRNA-LC in the presence of NAD(P)H and converts RTCB-bound NAD(P)H into NAD(P)+, a typical oxidative co-enzyme. However, NAD(P)+ here acts as an antioxidant and protects the tRNA-LC from oxidative inactivation, which is dependent on copper ions. Genetic variants of PYROXD1 that cause human myopathies only partially support tRNA-LC activity. Thus, we establish the tRNA-LC as an oxidation-sensitive metalloenzyme, safeguarded by the flavoprotein PYROXD1 through an unexpected redox mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Asanović
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilia Strandback
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alena Kroupova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Djurdja Pasajlic
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Meinhart
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pai Tsung-Pin
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; AnnJi Pharmaceutical, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nemanja Djokovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dorothea Anrather
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schuetz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcin Józef Suskiewicz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Sirelin Sillamaa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, G1 1XL Glasgow, UK
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Jinek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hartl
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, C201 - 4500 Oak Street, V6H 3N1 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Weitzer
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Javier Martinez
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9/2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Potluri S, Assi SA, Chin PS, Coleman DJL, Pickin A, Moriya S, Seki N, Heidenreich O, Cockerill PN, Bonifer C. Isoform-specific and signaling-dependent propagation of acute myeloid leukemia by Wilms tumor 1. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109010. [PMID: 33882316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by recurrent mutations in members of the gene regulatory and signaling machinery that control hematopoietic progenitor cell growth and differentiation. Here, we show that the transcription factor WT1 forms a major node in the rewired mutation-specific gene regulatory networks of multiple AML subtypes. WT1 is frequently either mutated or upregulated in AML, and its expression is predictive for relapse. The WT1 protein exists as multiple isoforms. For two main AML subtypes, we demonstrate that these isoforms exhibit differential patterns of binding and support contrasting biological activities, including enhanced proliferation. We also show that WT1 responds to oncogenic signaling and is part of a signaling-responsive transcription factor hub that controls AML growth. WT1 therefore plays a central and widespread role in AML biology.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromatin/chemistry
- Chromatin/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/metabolism
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/classification
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/genetics
- RUNX1 Translocation Partner 1 Protein/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Translocation, Genetic
- WT1 Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- WT1 Proteins/genetics
- WT1 Proteins/metabolism
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
| | - Salam A Assi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Paulynn S Chin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Dan J L Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Anna Pickin
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Shogo Moriya
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naohiko Seki
- Department of Functional Genomics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Level 6, Brewery Lane, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Prinses Máxima Centrum for Pediatric Oncology, Postbus 113, 3720 AC Bilthoven, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter N Cockerill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B152TT, UK.
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24
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Liu P, Li F, Lin J, Fukumoto T, Nacarelli T, Hao X, Kossenkov AV, Simon MC, Zhang R. m 6A-independent genome-wide METTL3 and METTL14 redistribution drives the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:355-365. [PMID: 33795874 PMCID: PMC8035315 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and 14 (METTL14) are core subunits of the methyltransferase complex that catalyses messenger RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Despite the expanding list of m6A-dependent functions of the methyltransferase complex, the m6A-independent function of the METTL3 and METTL14 complex remains poorly understood. Here we show that genome-wide redistribution of METTL3 and METTL14 transcriptionally drives the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in an m6A-independent manner. METTL14 is redistributed to the enhancers, whereas METTL3 is localized to the pre-existing NF-κB sites within the promoters of SASP genes during senescence. METTL3 and METTL14 are necessary for SASP. However, SASP is not regulated by m6A mRNA modification. METTL3 and METTL14 are required for both the tumour-promoting and immune-surveillance functions of senescent cells, which are mediated by SASP in vivo in mouse models. In summary, our results report an m6A-independent function of the METTL3 and METTL14 complex in transcriptionally promoting SASP during senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Liu
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fuming Li
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianhuang Lin
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy Nacarelli
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xue Hao
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V. Kossenkov
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to: Rugang Zhang, Ph.D.,
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25
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Young ARJ, Cassidy LD, Narita M. Autophagy and senescence, converging roles in pathophysiology as seen through mouse models. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 150:113-145. [PMID: 33858595 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both senescence and autophagy have been strongly linked to aging and also cancer development. Numerous molecular, cellular, and physiological changes are known to correlate with an increasing age, yet our understanding of what underlies these changes or how they combine to give rise to the various pathologies associated with aging is still unclear. Levels of autophagy activity are known to decrease with advancing age, in a variety of organisms including mammals. Whereas senescent cells are known to accumulate in our bodies with age. Herein we review evidence from some elegant genetic mouse models linking senescence and also autophagy to aging and cancer. It is especially interesting to note the convergence in the pathological phenotypes of these two processes, senescence and autophagy, in these mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R J Young
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Liam D Cassidy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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26
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Zhang F, Shen H, Fu Y, Yu G, Cao F, Chang W, Xie Z. Vacuolar Membrane ATPase Activity 21 Predicts a Favorable Outcome and Acts as a Suppressor in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:605801. [PMID: 33680927 PMCID: PMC7933500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.605801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular and/or intracellular manipulation of pH in tumor may have noticeable potential in cancer treatment. Although the assembly factor genes of V0 domain of the V-ATPase complex are required for intracellular pH homeostasis, their significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unknown. Here, we used bioinformatics to identify the candidates from known assembly factor genes of the V0 domain, which were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRC and adjacent normal specimens from 661 patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to evaluate factors contributing to prognosis. The effects of variations in the expression of VMA21 on tumor growth were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Of five known assembly factors, only VMA21 showed differential expression between CRC and adjacent normal tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. Patients with high VMA21 expression had higher differentiation grade and longer disease-specific survival (DSS) at stages I–III disease. High VMA21 expression in tumors was also an independent predictor of DSS (hazard ratio, 0.345; 95% confidence interval, 0.123–0.976), with covariates included TNM stage and differentiation grade. VMA21 overexpression decreased CRC growth, whereas VMA21 knockdown increased CRC growth in vitro and in vivo. VMA21 expression suppresses CRC growth and predicts a favorable DSS in patients with stage I-III disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongdong Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Stable and Inducible Gene Knockdown in Primary Human Fibroblasts: A Versatile Tool to Study the Role of Human Cytomegalovirus Host Cell Factors. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33555585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1111-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Human fibroblasts represent the most extensively used cell type for the investigation of lytic human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. However, analyzing the function of specific proteins during infection can be challenging since primary cells are difficult to transfect. An alternative approach is the use of lentiviral transduction with vectors for stable or inducible shRNA expression. This approach provides a versatile tool to study the role of host cell factors during HCMV infection. The essential steps to achieve an efficient target protein knockdown are shRNA design, cloning, generation of transgenic lentiviral particles, and, finally, transduction of the cells. However, these steps are highly dependent on the selected vector system. Here we focus on two different vector systems and describe how to successfully generate stable and inducible knockdown fibroblasts. Additionally, we demonstrate different methods to validate the knockdown of the target protein.
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28
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Fuchs A, Riegler S, Ayatollahi Z, Cavallari N, Giono LE, Nimeth BA, Mutanwad KV, Schweighofer A, Lucyshyn D, Barta A, Petrillo E, Kalyna M. Targeting alternative splicing by RNAi: from the differential impact on splice variants to triggering artificial pre-mRNA splicing. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1133-1151. [PMID: 33406240 PMCID: PMC7826280 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript and protein isoforms from a single gene and controls transcript intracellular localization and stability by coupling to mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent mechanism to modulate gene expression. However, its interactions with alternative splicing are poorly understood. We used artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs, also termed shRNAmiR) to knockdown all splice variants of selected target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that splice variants, which vary by their protein-coding capacity, subcellular localization and sensitivity to NMD, are affected differentially by an amiRNA, although all of them contain the target site. Particular transcript isoforms escape amiRNA-mediated degradation due to their nuclear localization. The nuclear and NMD-sensitive isoforms mask RNAi action in alternatively spliced genes. Interestingly, Arabidopsis SPL genes, which undergo alternative splicing and are targets of miR156, are regulated in the same manner. Moreover, similar results were obtained in mammalian cells using siRNAs, indicating cross-kingdom conservation of these interactions among RNAi and splicing isoforms. Furthermore, we report that amiRNA can trigger artificial alternative splicing, thus expanding the RNAi functional repertoire. Our findings unveil novel interactions between different post-transcriptional processes in defining transcript fates and regulating gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Fuchs
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Stefan Riegler
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Zahra Ayatollahi
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Nicola Cavallari
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Luciana E Giono
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Barbara A Nimeth
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Krishna V Mutanwad
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | | | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Andrea Barta
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Max Perutz Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Kalyna
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna 1190, Austria
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29
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Alonso-Curbelo D, Ho YJ, Burdziak C, Maag JLV, Morris JP, Chandwani R, Chen HA, Tsanov KM, Barriga FM, Luan W, Tasdemir N, Livshits G, Azizi E, Chun J, Wilkinson JE, Mazutis L, Leach SD, Koche R, Pe'er D, Lowe SW. A gene-environment-induced epigenetic program initiates tumorigenesis. Nature 2021; 590:642-648. [PMID: 33536616 PMCID: PMC8482641 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue damage increases the risk of cancer through poorly understood mechanisms1. In mouse models of pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis associated with tissue injury collaborates with activating mutations in the Kras oncogene to markedly accelerate the formation of early neoplastic lesions and, ultimately, adenocarcinoma2,3. Here, by integrating genomics, single-cell chromatin assays and spatiotemporally controlled functional perturbations in autochthonous mouse models, we show that the combination of Kras mutation and tissue damage promotes a unique chromatin state in the pancreatic epithelium that distinguishes neoplastic transformation from normal regeneration and is selected for throughout malignant evolution. This cancer-associated epigenetic state emerges within 48 hours of pancreatic injury, and involves an 'acinar-to-neoplasia' chromatin switch that contributes to the early dysregulation of genes that define human pancreatic cancer. Among the factors that are most rapidly activated after tissue damage in the pre-malignant pancreatic epithelium is the alarmin cytokine interleukin 33, which recapitulates the effects of injury in cooperating with mutant Kras to unleash the epigenetic remodelling program of early neoplasia and neoplastic transformation. Collectively, our study demonstrates how gene-environment interactions can rapidly produce gene-regulatory programs that dictate early neoplastic commitment, and provides a molecular framework for understanding the interplay between genetic and environmental cues in the initiation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Burdziak
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesper L V Maag
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Morris
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Chandwani
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hsuan-An Chen
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaloyan M Tsanov
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco M Barriga
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Luan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geulah Livshits
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elham Azizi
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Alan and Sandra Gerry Metastasis and Tumor Ecosystems Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Hanover, NH, USA
- David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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30
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Mao A, Zhang M, Li L, Liu J, Ning G, Cao Y, Wang Q. Pharyngeal pouches provide a niche microenvironment for arch artery progenitor specification. Development 2021; 148:dev.192658. [PMID: 33334861 PMCID: PMC7847271 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paired pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs) are transient blood vessels connecting the heart with the dorsal aorta during embryogenesis. Although PAA malformations often occur along with pharyngeal pouch defects, the functional interaction between these adjacent tissues remains largely unclear. Here, we report that pharyngeal pouches are essential for PAA progenitor specification in zebrafish embryos. We reveal that the segmentation of pharyngeal pouches coincides spatiotemporally with the emergence of PAA progenitor clusters. These pouches physically associate with pharyngeal mesoderm in discrete regions and provide a niche microenvironment for PAA progenitor commitment by expressing BMP proteins. Specifically, pouch-derived BMP2a and BMP5 are the primary niche cues responsible for activating the BMP/Smad pathway in pharyngeal mesoderm, thereby promoting progenitor specification. In addition, BMP2a and BMP5 play an inductive function in the expression of the cloche gene npas4l in PAA progenitors. cloche mutants exhibit a striking failure to specify PAA progenitors and display ectopic expression of head muscle markers in the pharyngeal mesoderm. Therefore, our results support a crucial role for pharyngeal pouches in establishing a progenitor niche for PAA morphogenesis via BMP2a/5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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31
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Yang Y, Zheng J, Wang M, Zhang J, Tian T, Wang Z, Yuan S, Liu L, Zhu P, Gu F, Fu S, Shan Y, Pan Z, Zhou W. NQO1 promotes an aggressive phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma via amplifying ERK-NRF2 signaling. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:641-654. [PMID: 33222332 PMCID: PMC7894015 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are usually diagnosed at the later stages and have poor survival outcomes. New molecules are urgently needed for the prognostic predication and individual treatment. Our study showed that high levels of NQO1 expression frequently exist in HCC with an obvious cancer‐specific pattern. Patients with NQO1‐high tumors are significantly associated with poor survival outcomes and serve as independent predictors. Functional experiments showed that NQO1 promotes the growth and aggressiveness of HCC in both in vitro and in vivo models, and the underlying mechanism involved NQO1‐derived amplification of ERK/p38‐NRF2 signaling. Combined block of ERK and NRF2 signaling generated stronger growth inhibition compared with any single block, especially for HCC with high‐NQO1. Therefore, NQO1 is a potential biomarker for HCC early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, and also attractive for cancer‐specific targets for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Intervention, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengchao Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,The Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Tian
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiheng Wang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Yuan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangming Gu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Fu
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeya Pan
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Zhou
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai, China
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32
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Han T, Goswami S, Hu Y, Tang F, Zafra MP, Murphy C, Cao Z, Poirier JT, Khurana E, Elemento O, Hechtman JF, Ganesh K, Yaeger R, Dow LE. Lineage Reversion Drives WNT Independence in Intestinal Cancer. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1590-1609. [PMID: 32546576 PMCID: PMC7541594 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The WNT pathway is a fundamental regulator of intestinal homeostasis, and hyperactivation of WNT signaling is the major oncogenic driver in colorectal cancer. To date, there are no described mechanisms that bypass WNT dependence in intestinal tumors. Here, we show that although WNT suppression blocks tumor growth in most organoid and in vivo colorectal cancer models, the accumulation of colorectal cancer-associated genetic alterations enables drug resistance and WNT-independent growth. In intestinal epithelial cells harboring mutations in KRAS or BRAF, together with disruption of TP53 and SMAD4, transient TGFβ exposure drives YAP/TAZ-dependent transcriptional reprogramming and lineage reversion. Acquisition of embryonic intestinal identity is accompanied by a permanent loss of adult intestinal lineages, and long-term WNT-independent growth. This work identifies genetic and microenvironmental factors that drive WNT inhibitor resistance, defines a new mechanism for WNT-independent colorectal cancer growth, and reveals how integration of associated genetic alterations and extracellular signals can overcome lineage-dependent oncogenic programs. SIGNIFICANCE: Colorectal and intestinal cancers are driven by mutations in the WNT pathway, and drugs aimed at suppressing WNT signaling are in active clinical development. Our study identifies a mechanism of acquired resistance to WNT inhibition and highlights a potential strategy to target those drug-resistant cells.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Han
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Fanying Tang
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Charles Murphy
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- The Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Zhen Cao
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Ekta Khurana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jaclyn F Hechtman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rona Yaeger
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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33
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McKenzie MD, Ghisi M, Oxley EP, Ngo S, Cimmino L, Esnault C, Liu R, Salmon JM, Bell CC, Ahmed N, Erlichster M, Witkowski MT, Liu GJ, Chopin M, Dakic A, Simankowicz E, Pomilio G, Vu T, Krsmanovic P, Su S, Tian L, Baldwin TM, Zalcenstein DA, DiRago L, Wang S, Metcalf D, Johnstone RW, Croker BA, Lancaster GI, Murphy AJ, Naik SH, Nutt SL, Pospisil V, Schroeder T, Wall M, Dawson MA, Wei AH, de Thé H, Ritchie ME, Zuber J, Dickins RA. Interconversion between Tumorigenic and Differentiated States in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:258-272.e9. [PMID: 31374198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are composed of phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells that often resemble various differentiation states of their lineage of origin. Within this hierarchy, it is thought that an immature subpopulation of tumor-propagating cancer stem cells (CSCs) differentiates into non-tumorigenic progeny, providing a rationale for therapeutic strategies that specifically eradicate CSCs or induce their differentiation. The clinical success of these approaches depends on CSC differentiation being unidirectional rather than reversible, yet this question remains unresolved even in prototypically hierarchical malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we show in murine and human models of AML that, upon perturbation of endogenous expression of the lineage-determining transcription factor PU.1 or withdrawal of established differentiation therapies, some mature leukemia cells can de-differentiate and reacquire clonogenic and leukemogenic properties. Our results reveal plasticity of CSC maturation in AML, highlighting the need to therapeutically eradicate cancer cells across a range of differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D McKenzie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Margherita Ghisi
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ethan P Oxley
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Steven Ngo
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Luisa Cimmino
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cécile Esnault
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica M Salmon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Charles C Bell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nouraiz Ahmed
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Erlichster
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew T Witkowski
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Grace J Liu
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aleksandar Dakic
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Emilia Simankowicz
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tina Vu
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pavle Krsmanovic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shian Su
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Luyi Tian
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tracey M Baldwin
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniela A Zalcenstein
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ladina DiRago
- Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Metcalf
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Cancer and Haematology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ben A Croker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graeme I Lancaster
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shalin H Naik
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen L Nutt
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vitek Pospisil
- Institute of Pathological Physiology and Biocev, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France; INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, 75010 Paris, France; Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Molecular Medicine Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Campus Vienna Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ross A Dickins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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34
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Gene knockdown via electroporation of short hairpin RNAs in embryos of the marine hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12806. [PMID: 32732955 PMCID: PMC7393174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing gene function in a broad range of research organisms is crucial for understanding the biological functions of genes and their evolution. Recent studies have shown that short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) can induce gene-specific knockdowns in two cnidarian species. We have developed a detailed, straightforward, and scalable method to deliver shRNAs into fertilized eggs of the hydrozoan cnidarian Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus via electroporation, yielding effective gene-targeted knockdowns that can last throughout embryogenesis. Our electroporation protocol allows for the transfection of shRNAs into hundreds of fertilized H. symbiolongicarpus eggs simultaneously with minimal embryo death and no long-term harmful consequences on the developing animals. We show RT-qPCR and detailed phenotypic evidence of our method successfully inducing effective knockdowns of an exogenous gene (eGFP) and an endogenous gene (Nanos2), as well as knockdown confirmation by RT-qPCR of two other endogenous genes. We also provide visual confirmation of successful shRNA transfection inside embryos through electroporation. Our detailed protocol for electroporation of shRNAs in H. symbiolongicarpus embryos constitutes an important experimental resource for the hydrozoan community while also serving as a successful model for the development of similar methods for interrogating gene function in other marine invertebrates.
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35
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Mishra A, Emamgholi F, Erlangga Z, Hartleben B, Unger K, Wolff K, Teichmann U, Kessel M, Woller N, Kühnel F, Dow LE, Manns MP, Vogel A, Lowe SW, Saborowski A, Saborowski M. Generation of focal mutations and large genomic deletions in the pancreas using inducible in vivo genome editing. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:334-344. [PMID: 31170286 PMCID: PMC8204487 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond the nearly uniform presence of KRAS mutations, pancreatic cancer is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous disease. Preclinical in vivo model systems exist, but with the advent of precision oncology, murine models with enhanced genetic flexibility are needed to functionally annotate genetic alterations found in the human malignancy. Here, we describe the generation of focal gene disruptions and large chromosomal deletions via inducible and pancreas-specific expression of Cas9 in adult mice. Experimental mice are derived on demand directly from genetically engineered embryonic stem cells, without the need for further intercrossing. To provide initial validation of our approach, we show that disruption of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rnf43 accelerates KrasG12D-dependent tumourigenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate that this system can be used to rapidly interrogate the impact of complex cancer-associated alleles through the generation of a previously unstudied 1.2 megabase deletion surrounding the CDKN2A and CDKN2B tumour suppressors. Thus, our approach is capable of reproducibly generating biallelic and precise loss of large chromosomal fragments that, in conjunction with mutant Kras, leads to development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with full penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Emamgholi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zulrahman Erlangga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Wolff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kessel
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Norman Woller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian Kühnel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endocrinology, Hannover, Germany
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HYDIN loss-of-function inhibits GATA4 expression and enhances atrial septal defect risk. Mech Dev 2020; 162:103611. [PMID: 32376282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations affecting cardiac structural genes can lead to congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Axonemal Central Pair Apparatus Protein (HYDIN) is a ciliary protein previously linked to congenital cardiomyopathy. However, the role of HYDIN in the aetiology of CHDs is thus far unknown. Herein, we explore the function of HYDIN in heart development and CHDs. METHODS The function of HYDIN in cardiac differentiation was assessed in vitro using HYDIN siRNAs, HYDIN overexpression, and HYDIN short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) cDNA rescue constructs in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line HES3. To assess Hydin's function in vivo, we generated shRNA-mediated Hydin knockdown transgenic mice. We characterized the functional mechanisms of the most common human HYDIN variant associated with atrial septal defect (ASD) risk (71098693 mutant, c.A2207C) in cardiac-differentiating HES3 cells. RESULTS HYDIN functions as a positive regulator of human cardiomyocyte differentiation and promotes expression of cardiac contractile genes in hESC cells. This is mediated through GATA4, a critical transcription factor in heart development. Cardiac-specific Hydin knockdown in vivo leads to Gata4 downregulation and enhanced atrial septal defect (ASD) risk in mice. The c.A2207C HYDIN mutation reduces GATA4 expression in hESC cells. CONCLUSION HYDIN loss-of-function inhibits GATA4 expression and enhances ASD risk. We also establish the regulation of a key transcription factor in heart development by a ciliary protein.
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37
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Hulton CH, Costa EA, Shah NS, Quintanal-Villalonga A, Heller G, de Stanchina E, Rudin CM, Poirier JT. Direct genome editing of patient-derived xenografts using CRISPR-Cas9 enables rapid in vivo functional genomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:359-369. [PMID: 33345196 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts are high fidelity in vivo tumor models that accurately reflect many key aspects of human cancer. In contrast to either cancer cell lines or genetically engineered mouse models, the utility of PDXs has been limited by the inability to perform targeted genome editing of these tumors. To address this limitation, we have developed methods for CRISPR-Cas9 editing of PDXs using a tightly regulated, inducible Cas9 vector that does not require in vitro culture for selection of transduced cells. We demonstrate the utility of this platform in PDXs (1) to analyze genetic dependencies by targeted gene disruption and (2) to analyze mechanisms of acquired drug resistance by site-specific gene editing using templated homology-directed repair. This flexible system has broad application to other explant models and substantially augments the utility of PDXs as genetically programmable models of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Hulton
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily A Costa
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nisargbhai S Shah
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenn Heller
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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38
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Hamilton MJ, Young M, Jang K, Sauer S, Neang VE, King AT, Girke T, Martinez E. HOTAIRM1 lncRNA is downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and inhibits the hypoxia pathway. Cancer Lett 2019; 472:50-58. [PMID: 31862408 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HOXA Transcript Antisense RNA, Myeloid-Specific 1 (HOTAIRM1) is a conserved long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) involved in myeloid and neural differentiation that is deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia and other cancers. Previous studies focused on the nuclear unspliced HOTAIRM1 transcript, however cytoplasmic splice variants exist whose roles have remained unknown. Here, we report novel functions of HOTAIRM1 in the kidney. HOTAIRM1 transcripts are induced during renal lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells and required for expression of specific renal differentiation genes. We show that the major HOTAIRM1 transcript in differentiated cells is the spliced cytoplasmic HM1-3 isoform and that HM1-3 is downregulated in >90% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). Knockdown of HM1-3 in renal cells deregulates hypoxia-responsive and angiogenic genes, including ANGPTL4. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 transcripts are downregulated by hypoxia-mimetic stress and knockdown of the cytoplasmic HM1-3 isoform in normoxic cells post-transcriptionally induces Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) protein, a key activator of ANGPTL4. Our results demonstrate the pervasive downregulation of the specific HOTAIRM1 cytoplasmic isoform HM1-3 in ccRCC and suggest possible roles of HOTAIRM1 in kidney differentiation and suppression of HIF1-dependent angiogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Young
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kay Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Sauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa E Neang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alexia T King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Girke
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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39
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Jansz N, Nesterova T, Keniry A, Iminitoff M, Hickey PF, Pintacuda G, Masui O, Kobelke S, Geoghegan N, Breslin KA, Willson TA, Rogers K, Kay GF, Fox AH, Koseki H, Brockdorff N, Murphy JM, Blewitt ME. Smchd1 Targeting to the Inactive X Is Dependent on the Xist-HnrnpK-PRC1 Pathway. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1912-1923.e9. [PMID: 30428357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently reported that the SMC protein Smchd1 is a regulator of chromosome conformation. Smchd1 is critical for the structure of the inactive X chromosome and at autosomal targets such as the Hox genes. However, it is unknown how Smchd1 is recruited to these sites. Here, we report that Smchd1 localizes to the inactive X via the Xist-HnrnpK-PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) pathway. Contrary to previous reports, Smchd1 does not bind Xist or other RNA molecules with any specificity. Rather, the localization of Smchd1 to the inactive X is H2AK119ub dependent. Following perturbation of this interaction, Smchd1 is destabilized, which has consequences for gene silencing genome-wide. Our work adds Smchd1 to the PRC1 silencing pathway for X chromosome inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jansz
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tatyana Nesterova
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrew Keniry
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Megan Iminitoff
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter F Hickey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Greta Pintacuda
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Osamu Masui
- Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Simon Kobelke
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Niall Geoghegan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Kelsey A Breslin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy A Willson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kelly Rogers
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Graham F Kay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Archa H Fox
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Neil Brockdorff
- Developmental Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marnie E Blewitt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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40
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Bok I, Vera O, Xu X, Jasani N, Nakamura K, Reff J, Nenci A, Gonzalez JG, Karreth FA. A Versatile ES Cell-Based Melanoma Mouse Modeling Platform. Cancer Res 2019; 80:912-921. [PMID: 31744817 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The cumbersome and time-consuming process of generating new mouse strains and multiallelic experimental animals often hinders the use of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) in cancer research. Here, we describe the development and validation of an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-GEMM platform for rapid modeling of melanoma in mice. The platform incorporates 12 clinically relevant genotypes composed of combinations of four driver alleles (LSL-BrafV600E, LSL-NrasQ61R, PtenFlox, and Cdkn2aFlox) and regulatory alleles to spatiotemporally control the perturbation of genes of interest. The ESCs produce high-contribution chimeras, which recapitulate the melanoma phenotypes of conventionally bred mice. Using the ESC-GEMM platform to modulate Pten expression in melanocytes in vivo, we highlighted the utility and advantages of gene depletion by CRISPR-Cas9, RNAi, or conditional knockout for melanoma modeling. Moreover, complementary genetic methods demonstrated the impact of Pten restoration on the prevention and maintenance of Pten-deficient melanomas. Finally, we showed that chimera-derived melanoma cell lines retain regulatory allele competency and are a powerful resource to complement ESC-GEMM chimera experiments in vitro and in syngeneic grafts in vivo Thus, when combined with sophisticated genetic tools, the ESC-GEMM platform enables rapid, high-throughput, and versatile studies aimed at addressing outstanding questions in melanoma biology.Significance: This study presents a high-throughput and versatile ES cell-based mouse modeling platform that can be combined with state-of-the-art genetic tools to address unanswered questions in melanoma in vivo See related commentary by Thorkelsson et al., p. 655.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilah Bok
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Olga Vera
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaonan Xu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Neel Jasani
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jordan Reff
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Arianna Nenci
- Gene Targeting Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jose G Gonzalez
- Gene Targeting Core Facility, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Florian A Karreth
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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Gomes AP, Ilter D, Low V, Rosenzweig A, Shen ZJ, Schild T, Rivas MA, Er EE, McNally DR, Mutvei AP, Han J, Ou YH, Cavaliere P, Mullarky E, Nagiec M, Shin S, Yoon SO, Dephoure N, Massagué J, Melnick AM, Cantley LC, Tyler JK, Blenis J. Dynamic Incorporation of Histone H3 Variants into Chromatin Is Essential for Acquisition of Aggressive Traits and Metastatic Colonization. Cancer Cell 2019; 36:402-417.e13. [PMID: 31564638 PMCID: PMC6801101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Chromatin remodeling provides the foundation for the cellular reprogramming necessary to drive metastasis. However, little is known about the nature of this remodeling and its regulation. Here, we show that metastasis-inducing pathways regulate histone chaperones to reduce canonical histone incorporation into chromatin, triggering deposition of H3.3 variant at the promoters of poor-prognosis genes and metastasis-inducing transcription factors. This specific incorporation of H3.3 into chromatin is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of aggressive traits that allow for metastasis formation. Together, our data clearly show incorporation of histone variant H3.3 into chromatin as a major regulator of cell fate during tumorigenesis, and histone chaperones as valuable therapeutic targets for invasive carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Gomes
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Didem Ilter
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adam Rosenzweig
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zih-Jie Shen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tanya Schild
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Martin A Rivas
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ekrem E Er
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Dylan R McNally
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anders P Mutvei
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julie Han
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yi-Hung Ou
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Paola Cavaliere
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Edouard Mullarky
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michal Nagiec
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sejeong Shin
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sang-Oh Yoon
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joan Massagué
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Preclinical murine platform to evaluate therapeutic countermeasures against radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20672-20678. [PMID: 31551264 PMCID: PMC6789742 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906611116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no therapies available to mitigate intestinal damage after radiation injury. Efforts to study and design new therapies are hampered by a lack of models that can be readily adopted to study therapeutic targets. Here we describe a preclinical platform to evaluate therapeutic countermeasures against intestinal radiation injury in vivo in a mouse model that permits inducible and reversible gene suppression following radiation exposure. We demonstrate that transient intestinal Apc suppression stimulates intestinal regeneration and mitigates lethality after radiation intestinal injury, thus validating pulsed Wnt pathway agonism as a therapeutic strategy. This platform can be readily adopted to study theoretically any gene of interest associated with the biology and treatment of intestinal radiation injury. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (RIGS) is a limiting factor for therapeutic abdominopelvic radiation and is predicted to be a major source of morbidity in the event of a nuclear accident or radiological terrorism. In this study, we developed an in vivo mouse-modeling platform that enables spatial and temporal manipulation of potential RIGS targets in mice following whole-abdomen irradiation without the confounding effects of concomitant hematopoietic syndrome that occur following whole-body irradiation. We then tested the utility of this platform to explore the effects of transient Wnt pathway activation on intestinal regeneration and animal recovery following induction of RIGS. Our results demonstrate that intestinal epithelial suppression of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) mitigates RIGS lethality in vivo after lethal ionizing radiation injury-induced intestinal epithelial damage. These results highlight the potential of short-term Wnt agonism as a therapeutic target and establish a platform to evaluate other strategies to stimulate intestinal regeneration after ionizing radiation damage.
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König J, Grune T, Ott C. Assessing autophagy in murine skeletal muscle: current findings to modulate and quantify the autophagic flux. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2019; 22:355-362. [PMID: 31145123 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to the currently available lysosomotropic drugs and autophagy whole-body knockout mouse models, we provide alternative methods that enable the modulation and detection of autophagic flux in vivo, discussing advantages and disadvantages of each method. RECENT FINDINGS With the autophagosome-lysosome fusion inhibitor colchicine in skeletal muscle and temporal downregulation of autophagy using a novel Autophagy related 5-short hairpin RNA (Atg5-shRNA) mouse model we mention two models that directly modulate autophagy flux in vivo. Furthermore, methods to quantify autophagy flux, such as mitophagy transgenic reporters, in situ immunofluorescent staining and multispectral imaging flow cytometry, in mature skeletal muscle and cells are addressed. SUMMARY To achieve clinical benefit, less toxic, temporary and cell-type-specific modulation of autophagy should be pursued further. A temporary knockdown as described for the Atg5-shRNA mice could provide a first insight into possible implications of autophagy inhibition. However, it is also important to take a closer look into the methods to evaluate autophagy after harvesting the tissue. In particular caution is required when experimental conditions can influence the final measurement and this should be pretested carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal
| | - Christiane Ott
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal
- DZHK (German Centre of Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
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Schatoff EM, Goswami S, Zafra MP, Foronda M, Shusterman M, Leach BI, Katti A, Diaz BJ, Dow LE. Distinct Colorectal Cancer-Associated APC Mutations Dictate Response to Tankyrase Inhibition. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1358-1371. [PMID: 31337618 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of colorectal cancers show hyperactivated WNT signaling due to inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor. Genetically restoring APC suppresses WNT and induces rapid and sustained tumor regression, implying that reengaging this endogenous tumor-suppressive mechanism may be an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, using new animal models, human cell lines, and ex vivo organoid cultures, we show that tankyrase (TNKS) inhibition can control WNT hyperactivation and provide long-term tumor control in vivo, but that effective responses are critically dependent on how APC is disrupted. Mutant APC proteins truncated within the mutation cluster region physically engage the destruction complex and suppress the WNT transcriptional program, while APC variants with early truncations (e.g., Apc Min) show limited interaction with AXIN1 and β-catenin, and do not respond to TNKS blockade. Together, this work shows that TNKS inhibition, like APC restoration, can reestablish endogenous control of WNT/β-catenin signaling, but that APC genotype is a crucial determinant of this response. SIGNIFICANCE: This study reveals how subtle changes to the mutations in a critical colorectal tumor suppressor, APC, influence the cellular response to a targeted therapy. It underscores how investigating the specific genetic alterations that occur in human cancer can identify important biological mechanisms of drug response and resistance.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1325.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Schatoff
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-I MD-PhD program, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sukanya Goswami
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maria Paz Zafra
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Foronda
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael Shusterman
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin I Leach
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Alyna Katti
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bianca J Diaz
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. .,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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45
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Yamamoto A, Hester J, Macklin PS, Kawai K, Uchiyama M, Biggs D, Bishop T, Bull K, Cheng X, Cawthorne E, Coleman ML, Crockford TL, Davies B, Dow LE, Goldin R, Kranc K, Kudo H, Lawson H, McAuliffe J, Milward K, Scudamore CL, Soilleux E, Issa F, Ratcliffe PJ, Pugh CW. Systemic silencing of PHD2 causes reversible immune regulatory dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3640-3656. [PMID: 31162141 PMCID: PMC6715380 DOI: 10.1172/jci124099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of cellular hypoxia are sensed by prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes which regulate HIFs. Genetic interventions on HIF/PHD pathways reveal multiple phenotypes that extend the known biology of hypoxia. Recent studies unexpectedly implicate HIF in aspects of multiple immune and inflammatory pathways. However such studies are often limited by systemic lethal effects and/or use tissue-specific recombination systems, which are inherently irreversible, un-physiologically restricted and difficult to time. To study these processes better we developed recombinant mice which express tetracycline-regulated shRNAs broadly targeting the main components of the HIF/PHD pathway, permitting timed bi-directional intervention. We have shown that stabilization of HIF levels in adult mice through PHD2 enzyme silencing by RNA interference, or inducible recombination of floxed alleles, results in multi-lineage leukocytosis and features of autoimmunity. This phenotype was rapidly normalized on re-establishment of the hypoxia-sensing machinery when shRNA expression was discontinued. In both situations these effects were mediated principally through the Hif2a isoform. Assessment of cells bearing regulatory T cell markers from these mice revealed defective function and pro-inflammatory effects in vivo. We believe our findings have shown a new role for the PHD2/Hif2a couple in the reversible regulation of T cell and immune activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamamoto
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Hester
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S. Macklin
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kento Kawai
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masateru Uchiyama
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Biggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tammie Bishop
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Bull
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaotong Cheng
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew L. Coleman
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya L. Crockford
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Davies
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lukas E. Dow
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rob Goldin
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kamil Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromi Kudo
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Lawson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James McAuliffe
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Milward
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Veterinary Pathology, MRC Harwell, Mary Lyon Centre, Harwell Campus, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Department of Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fadi Issa
- Transplantation Research Immunology Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Ratcliffe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris W. Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Regulation of folate and methionine metabolism by multisite phosphorylation of human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4190. [PMID: 30862944 PMCID: PMC6414673 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (THF) to 5-methyl-THF, thereby committing one-carbon units to the methionine cycle. While MTHFR has long been known to be allosterically inhibited by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), only relatively recently has N-terminal multisite phosphorylation been shown to provide an additional layer of regulation. In vitro, the multiply phosphorylated form of MTHFR is more sensitive to allosteric inhibition by SAM. Here we sought to investigate the kinases responsible for MTHFR multisite phosphorylation and the physiological function of MTHFR phosphorylation in cells. We identified DYRK1A/2 and GSK3A/B among the kinases that phosphorylate MTHFR. In addition, we found that MTHFR phosphorylation is maintained by adequate cellular SAM levels, which are sensed through the C-terminal SAM binding domain of MTHFR. To understand the function of MTHFR phosphorylation in cells, we generated MTHFR CRISPR knockin mutant lines that effectively abolished MTHFR phosphorylation and compared them with the parental cell lines. Whereas the parental cell lines showed increased 5-methyl-THF production in response to homocysteine treatment, the knockin cell lines had high basal levels of 5-methyl-THF and did not respond to homocysteine treatment. Overall, our results suggest that MTHFR multisite phosphorylation coordinates with SAM binding to inhibit MTHFR activity in cells.
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47
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B-Raf deficiency impairs tumor initiation and progression in a murine breast cancer model. Oncogene 2019; 38:1324-1339. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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48
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Garcia D, Hellberg K, Chaix A, Wallace M, Herzig S, Badur MG, Lin T, Shokhirev MN, Pinto AFM, Ross DS, Saghatelian A, Panda S, Dow LE, Metallo CM, Shaw RJ. Genetic Liver-Specific AMPK Activation Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity and NAFLD. Cell Rep 2019; 26:192-208.e6. [PMID: 30605676 PMCID: PMC6344045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved master regulator of metabolism, whose activation has been proposed to be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of several metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD, characterized by excessive accumulation of hepatic lipids, is the most common chronic liver disease and a major risk factor for development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic conditions. To assess the therapeutic potential of AMPK activation, we have generated a genetically engineered mouse model, termed iAMPKCA, where AMPK can be inducibly activated in vivo in mice in a spatially and temporally restricted manner. Using this model, we show that liver-specific AMPK activation reprograms lipid metabolism, reduces liver steatosis, decreases expression of inflammation and fibrosis genes, and leads to significant therapeutic benefits in the context of diet-induced obesity. These findings further support AMPK as a target for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Garcia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sébastien Herzig
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mehmet G Badur
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Antonio F M Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Debbie S Ross
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alan Saghatelian
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lukas E Dow
- Department of Medicine, Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Genetically modified pigs are protected from classical swine fever virus. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007193. [PMID: 30543715 PMCID: PMC6292579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is one of the most detrimental diseases, and leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Despite efforts by many government authorities to stamp out the disease from national pig populations, the disease remains widespread. Here, antiviral small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were selected and then inserted at the porcine Rosa26 (pRosa26) locus via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy. Finally, anti-CSFV transgenic (TG) pigs were produced by somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT). Notably, in vitro and in vivo viral challenge assays further demonstrated that these TG pigs could effectively limit the replication of CSFV and reduce CSFV-associated clinical signs and mortality, and disease resistance could be stably transmitted to the F1-generation. Altogether, our work demonstrated that RNA interference (RNAi) technology combining CRISPR/Cas9 technology offered the possibility to produce TG animal with improved resistance to viral infection. The use of these TG pigs can reduce CSF-related economic losses and this antiviral strategy may be useful for future antiviral research. Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and is a highly contagious, often fatal porcine disease that causes significant economic losses. Due to the economic importance of this virus to the pig industry, the biology and pathogenesis of CSFV have been investigated extensively. Despite efforts by many government authorities to stamp out the disease from national pig populations, the disease remains widespread, and it is only a matter of time before the virus is reintroduced and the next round of disease outbreaks occurs. These findings highlight the necessity and urgency for developing effective approaches to eradicate the challenging CSFV. In this study, we successfully produced anti-CSFV TG pigs by combining RNAi technology and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies, and viral challenge results confirmed that these TG pigs could effectively limit the replication of CSFV in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, we confirmed that the disease resistance traits in the TG founders were stably transmitted to their F1-generation offspring. Altogether, our work reported the combinational application of CRISPR/Cas9 and RNA interference (RNAi) technology in the generation of anti-CSFV TG pigs, it provided an alternative strategy to change the virus. The results of this study suggested that these TG pigs offered potential benefits over commercial vaccination and reduced CSFV-related economic losses.
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Yuan Y, Qi G, Shen H, Guo A, Cao F, Zhu Y, Xiao C, Chang W, Zheng S. Clinical significance and biological function of WD repeat domain 54 as an oncogene in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:1584-1595. [PMID: 29987896 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, protein-protein interactions have become an attractive candidate for identifying biomarkers and drug targets for various diseases. However, WD40 repeat (WDR) domain proteins, some of the most abundant mediators of protein interactions, are largely unexplored. In our study, 57 of 361 known WDR proteins were identified as hub nodes, and a hub (WDR54) with elevated mRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) was selected for further study. Immunohistochemistry of specimens from 945 patients confirmed the elevated expression of WDR54 in CRC, and we found that patients with WDR54-high tumors typically had a shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) than those with WDR54-low tumors, especially for the subgroup without well-differentiated tumors. Multivariate analysis showed that WDR54-high tumors were an independent risk factor for DSS, with a hazard ratio of 2.981 (95% confidence interval, 1.425-6.234; p = 0.004). Knockdown of WDR54 significantly inhibited the growth and aggressiveness of CRC cells and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model. Each WDR54 isoform (a, b, and c) was found to reverse the inhibitory effect of WDR54 knockdown; however, only isoform c, which exhibited the highest expression, was increased in CRC cells. Sensitization of WDR54 knockdown to an SHP2 inhibitor was consistently found in CRC cells, and the underlying mechanism involved their common function in regulating AKT and ERK signaling. In conclusion, the present study is the first to investigate the significance of WDR54 in cancer and to conclude that WDR54 serves as an oncogene in CRC and may be a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncang Yuan
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Qi
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- Department of General Practice, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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