1
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Brauer E, Herrera A, Fritsche-Guenther R, Görlitz S, Leemhuis H, Knaus P, Kirwan JA, Duda GN, Petersen A. Mechanical heterogeneity in a soft biomaterial niche controls BMP2 signaling. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122614. [PMID: 38788455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is known to impact cell function during regeneration by modulating growth factor signaling. However, how the mechanical properties and structure of biomaterials can be used to optimize the cellular response to growth factors is widely neglected. Here, we engineered a macroporous biomaterial to study cellular signaling in environments that mimic the mechanical stiffness but also the mechanical heterogeneity of native extracellular matrix. We found that the mechanical interaction of cells with the heterogeneous and non-linear deformation properties of soft matrices (E < 5 kPa) enhances BMP-2 growth factor signaling with high relevance for tissue regeneration. In contrast, this effect is absent in homogeneous hydrogels that are often used to study cell responses to mechanical cues. Live cell imaging and in silico finite element modeling further revealed that a subpopulation of highly active, fast migrating cells is responsible for most of the material deformation, while a second, less active population experiences this deformation as an extrinsic mechanical stimulation. At an overall low cell density, the active cell population dominates the process, suggesting that it plays a particularly important role in early tissue healing scenarios where cells invade tissue defects or implanted biomaterials. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the mechanical heterogeneity of the natural extracellular matrix environment plays an important role in triggering regeneration by endogenously acting growth factors. This suggests the inclusion of such mechanical complexity as a design parameter in future biomaterials, in addition to established parameters such as mechanical stiffness and stress relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Brauer
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Aaron Herrera
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphaela Fritsche-Guenther
- BIH Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Görlitz
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Kirwan
- BIH Metabolomics Platform, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Wang C, Wang Y, Chew TG. Protocol for the detection of mechanosensitive response of proteins in cultured cells under compressive stress. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103098. [PMID: 38823011 PMCID: PMC11176838 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to detect mechanosensitive responses of proteins in cells under compressive stress. We describe steps for preparing elastic gels to compress cells grown on an imaging chamber. We then detail procedures for imaging proteins at the cell cortex using high-resolution confocal microscopy. The protocol can be applied to examine the mechanosensitive response of fluorescently tagged proteins in mitotic cells or round interphase cells adhering to the imaging surface. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wang et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ting Gang Chew
- The Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China.
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3
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Mendoza-Soto P, Jara C, Torres-Arévalo Á, Oyarzún C, Mardones GA, Quezada-Monrás C, San Martín R. Pharmacological Blockade of the Adenosine A 2B Receptor Is Protective of Proteinuria in Diabetic Rats, through Affecting Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation and the Adhesion Dynamics of Podocytes. Cells 2024; 13:846. [PMID: 38786068 PMCID: PMC11119713 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of the adenosine receptor A2B (A2BAR) expression in diabetic glomeruli correlates with an increased abundance of its endogenous ligand adenosine and the progression of kidney dysfunction. Remarkably, A2BAR antagonism protects from proteinuria in experimental diabetic nephropathy. We found that A2BAR antagonism preserves the arrangement of podocytes on the glomerular filtration barrier, reduces diabetes-induced focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation, and attenuates podocyte foot processes effacement. In spreading assays using human podocytes in vitro, adenosine enhanced the rate of cell body expansion on laminin-coated glass and promoted peripheral pY397-FAK subcellular distribution, while selective A2BAR antagonism impeded these effects and attenuated the migratory capability of podocytes. Increased phosphorylation of the Myosin2A light chain accompanied the effects of adenosine. Furthermore, when the A2BAR was stimulated, the cells expanded more broadly and more staining of pS19 myosin was detected which co-localized with actin cables, suggesting increased contractility potential in cells planted onto a matrix with a stiffness similar to of the glomerular basement membrane. We conclude that A2BAR is involved in adhesion dynamics and contractile actin bundle formation, leading to podocyte foot processes effacement. The antagonism of this receptor may be an alternative to the intervention of glomerular barrier deterioration and proteinuria in the diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Mendoza-Soto
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Claudia Jara
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Carlos Oyarzún
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
| | - Gonzalo A. Mardones
- Institute of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.M.-S.); (C.J.); (Á.T.-A.); (C.O.)
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4
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Karimi A, Aga M, Khan T, D'costa SD, Thaware O, White E, Kelley MJ, Gong H, Acott TS. Comparative analysis of traction forces in normal and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells within a 3D, active fluid-structure interaction culture environment. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:206-229. [PMID: 38641184 PMCID: PMC11095374 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a 3D in vitro cell culture model, meticulously 3D printed to replicate the conventional aqueous outflow pathway anatomical structure, facilitating the study of trabecular meshwork (TM) cellular responses under glaucomatous conditions. Glaucoma affects TM cell functionality, leading to extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, enhanced cell-ECM adhesion, and obstructed aqueous humor outflow. Our model, reconstructed from polyacrylamide gel with elastic moduli of 1.5 and 21.7 kPa, is based on serial block-face scanning electron microscopy images of the outflow pathway. It allows for quantifying 3D, depth-dependent, dynamic traction forces exerted by both normal and glaucomatous TM cells within an active fluid-structure interaction (FSI) environment. In our experimental design, we designed two scenarios: a control group with TM cells observed over 20 hours without flow (static setting), focusing on intrinsic cellular contractile forces, and a second scenario incorporating active FSI to evaluate its impact on traction forces (dynamic setting). Our observations revealed that active FSI results in higher traction forces (normal: 1.83-fold and glaucoma: 2.24-fold) and shear strains (normal: 1.81-fold and glaucoma: 2.41-fold), with stiffer substrates amplifying this effect. Glaucomatous cells consistently exhibited larger forces than normal cells. Increasing gel stiffness led to enhanced stress fiber formation in TM cells, particularly in glaucomatous cells. Exposure to active FSI dramatically altered actin organization in both normal and glaucomatous TM cells, particularly affecting cortical actin stress fiber arrangement. This model while preliminary offers a new method in understanding TM cell biomechanics and ECM stiffening in glaucoma, highlighting the importance of FSI in these processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This pioneering project presents an advanced 3D in vitro model, meticulously replicating the human trabecular meshwork's anatomy for glaucoma research. It enables precise quantification of cellular forces in a dynamic fluid-structure interaction, a leap forward from existing 2D models. This advancement promises significant insights into trabecular meshwork cell biomechanics and the stiffening of the extracellular matrix in glaucoma, offering potential pathways for innovative treatments. This research is positioned at the forefront of ocular disease study, with implications that extend to broader biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Karimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
| | - Mini Aga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Taaha Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Siddharth Daniel D'costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Omkar Thaware
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elizabeth White
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mary J Kelley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department Integrative Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ted S Acott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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5
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Rodríguez-López R, Wang Z, Oda H, Erdi M, Kofinas P, Fytas G, Scarcelli G. Network Viscoelasticity from Brillouin Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:955-963. [PMID: 38156622 PMCID: PMC10865340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Even though the physical nature of shear and longitudinal moduli are different, empirical correlations between them have been reported in several biological systems. This correlation is of fundamental interest and immense practical value in biomedicine due to the importance of the shear modulus and the possibility to map the longitudinal modulus at high-resolution with all-optical spectroscopy. We investigate the origin of such a correlation in hydrogels. We hypothesize that both moduli are influenced in the same direction by underlying physicochemical properties, which leads to the observed material-dependent correlation. Matching theoretical models with experimental data, we quantify the scenarios in which the correlation holds. For polymerized hydrogels, a correlation was found across different hydrogels through a common dependence on the effective polymer volume fraction. For hydrogels swollen to equilibrium, the correlation is valid only within a given hydrogel system, as the moduli are found to have different scalings on the swelling ratio. The observed correlation allows one to extract one modulus from another in relevant scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymundo Rodríguez-López
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zuyuan Wang
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China
| | - Haruka Oda
- School
of Information Science and Technology, The
University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656,Japan
| | - Metecan Erdi
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - George Fytas
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, FO.R.T.H, N. Plastira 10, Heraklion, 70013, Greece
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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6
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhen Z, Li J, Su J, Wu C. mTORC1 Mediates Biphasic Mechano-Response to Orchestrate Adhesion-Dependent Cell Growth and Anoikis Resistance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307206. [PMID: 38041494 PMCID: PMC10853740 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells constantly sense and respond to not only biochemical but also biomechanical changes in their microenvironment, demanding for dynamic metabolic adaptation. ECM stiffening is a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness, while survival under substrate detachment also associates with poor prognosis. Mechanisms underlying this, non-linear mechano-response of tumor cells may reveal potential double-hit targets for cancers. Here, an integrin-GSK3β-FTO-mTOR axis is reported, that can integrate stiffness sensing to ensure both the growth advantage endowed by rigid substrate and cell death resistance under matrix detachment. It is demonstrated that substrate stiffening can activate mTORC1 and elevate mTOR level through integrins and GSK3β-FTO mediated mRNA m6 A modification, promoting anabolic metabolism. Inhibition of this axis upon ECM detachment enhances autophagy, which in turn conveys resilience of tumor cells to anoikis, as it is demonstrated in human breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mice malignant ascites. Collectively, these results highlight the biphasic mechano-regulation of cellular metabolism, with implications in tumor growth under stiffened conditions such as fibrosis, as well as in anoikis-resistance during cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- International Cancer InstituteBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- International Cancer InstituteBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Zifeng Zhen
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- International Cancer InstituteBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- International Cancer InstituteBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Jing Su
- Pathology DepartmentPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems BiomedicineSchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
- International Cancer InstituteBeijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems BiologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
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7
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Brill-Karniely Y, Tischenko K, Benny O. Analyzing force measurements of multi-cellular clusters comprising indeterminate geometries. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:145-155. [PMID: 37770729 PMCID: PMC10902013 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Multi-cellular biomimetic models often comprise heterogenic geometries. Therefore, quantification of their mechanical properties-which is crucial for various biomedical applications-is a challenge. Due to its simplicity, linear fitting is traditionally used in analyzing force-displacement data of parallel compression measurements of multi-cellular clusters, such as tumor spheroids. However, the linear assumption would be artificial when the contact geometry is not planar. We propose here the integrated elasticity (IE) regression, which is based on extrapolation of established elastic theories for well-defined geometries, and is free, extremely simple to apply, and optimal for analyzing coarsely concave multi-cellular clusters. We studied here the quality of the data analysis in force measurements of tumor spheroids comprising different types of melanoma cells, using either the IE or the traditional linear regressions. The IE regression maintained excellent precision also when the contact geometry deviated from planarity (as shown by our image analysis). While the quality of the linear fittings was relatively satisfying, these predicted smaller elastic moduli as compared to the IE regression. This was in accordance with previous studies, in which the elastic moduli predicted by linear fits were smaller compared to those obtained by well-established methods. This suggests that linear regressions underestimate the elastic constants of bio-samples even in cases where the fitting precision seems satisfying, and highlights the need in alternative methods as the IE scheme. For comparison between different types of spheroids we further recommend to increase the soundness by regarding relative moduli, using universal reference samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Brill-Karniely
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Institute of Animal Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, 50250, Bet-Dagan, Israel.
| | - Katerina Tischenko
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112001, Jerusalem, Israel.
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8
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Lin D, Luo C, Wei P, Zhang A, Zhang M, Wu X, Deng B, Li Z, Cui K, Chen Z. YAP1 Recognizes Inflammatory and Mechanical Cues to Exacerbate Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia via Promoting Cell Survival and Fibrosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304274. [PMID: 38050650 PMCID: PMC10837380 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic prostatic inflammation promotes cell survival and fibrosis, leading to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with aggravated urinary symptoms. It is investigated whether yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), an organ size controller and mechanical transductor, is implicated in inflammation-induced BPH. The correlation between YAP1 expression and fibrosis in human and rat BPH specimens is analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of YAP1 activation on prostatic cell survival and fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanism, are also studied. As a result, total and nuclear YAP1 expression, along with downstream genes are significantly upregulated in inflammation-associated human and rat specimens. There is a significant positive correlation between YAP1 expression and the severity of fibrosis or clinical performance. YAP1 silencing suppresses cell survival by decreasing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis, and alleviates fibrosis by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in prostatic BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells. Mechanistically, inflammatory stimulus and rigid matrix stiffness synergistically activate the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway to provoke cytoskeleton remodeling, thereby promoting YAP1 activation to exacerbate BPH development. Overall, inflammation-triggered mechanical stiffness reinforcement activates the RhoA/ROCK1/F-actin/YAP1 axis, thereby promoting prostatic cell survival and fibrosis to accelerate BPH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Lin
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Changcheng Luo
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Pengyu Wei
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Department of RehabilitationTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Bolang Deng
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department and Institute of UrologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China
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9
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Qu J, Xue X, Wang Z, Ma Z, Jia K, Li F, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zhou F, Zhao P, Li X. Si-Wu-Tang attenuates liver fibrosis via regulating lncRNA H19-dependent pathways involving cytoskeleton remodeling and ECM deposition. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:31-46. [PMID: 38278557 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing response characterized by the agglutination of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is known for treating gynecological diseases and liver fibrosis. Our previous studies demonstrated that long non-coding RNA H19 (H19) was markedly upregulated in fibrotic livers while its deficiency markedly reversed fibrogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which SWT influences H19 remain unclear. Thus, we established a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis model to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of SWT on various cells in the liver. Our results showed that SWT markedly improved ECM deposition and bile duct reactions in the liver. Notably, SWT relieved liver fibrosis by regulating the transcription of genes involved in the cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and influencing cytoskeleton-related angiogenesis and hepatocellular injury. This modulation collectively led to reduced ECM deposition. Through extensive bioinformatics analyses, we determined that H19 acted as a miRNA sponge and mainly inhibited miR-200, miR-211, and let7b, thereby regulating the above cellular regulatory pathways. Meanwhile, SWT reversed H19-related miRNAs and signaling pathways, diminishing ECM deposition and liver fibrosis. However, these protective effects of SWT were diminished with the overexpression of H19 in vivo. In conclusion, our study elucidates the underlying mechanisms of SWT from the perspective of H19-related signal networks and proposes a potential SWT-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaorong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kexin Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fanghong Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yinhao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruiyu Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Piwen Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaojiaoyang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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10
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Emon B, Joy MSH, Lalonde L, Ghrayeb A, Doha U, Ladehoff L, Brockstein R, Saengow C, Ewoldt RH, Saif MTA. Nuclear deformation regulates YAP dynamics in cancer associated fibroblasts. Acta Biomater 2024; 173:93-108. [PMID: 37977292 PMCID: PMC10848212 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells cultured on stiff 2D substrates exert high intracellular force, resulting in mechanical deformation of their nuclei. This nuclear deformation (ND) plays a crucial role in the transport of Yes Associated Protein (YAP) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. However, cells in vivo are in soft 3D environment with potentially much lower intracellular forces. Whether and how cells may deform their nuclei in 3D for YAP localization remains unclear. Here, by culturing human colon cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) on 2D, 2.5D, and 3D substrates, we differentiated the effects of stiffness, force, and ND on YAP localization. We found that nuclear translocation of YAP depends on the degree of ND irrespective of dimensionality, stiffness and total force. ND induced by the perinuclear force, not the total force, and nuclear membrane curvature correlate strongly with YAP activation. Immunostained slices of human tumors further supported the association between ND and YAP nuclear localization, suggesting ND as a potential biomarker for YAP activation in tumors. Additionally, we conducted quantitative analysis of the force dynamics of CAFs on 2D substrates to construct a stochastic model of YAP kinetics. This model revealed that the probability of YAP nuclear translocation, as well as the residence time in the nucleus follow a power law. This study provides valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing YAP dynamics and highlights the significance of threshold activation in YAP localization. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Yes Associated Protein (YAP), a transcription cofactor, has been identified as one of the drivers of cancer progression. High tumor stiffness is attributed to driving YAP to the nucleus, wherein it activates pro-metastatic genes. Here we show, using cancer associated fibroblasts, that YAP translocation to the nucleus depends on the degree of nuclear deformation, irrespective of stiffness. We also identified that perinuclear force induced membrane curvature correlates strongly with YAP nuclear transport. A novel stochastic model of YAP kinetics unveiled a power law relationship between the activation threshold and persistence time of YAP in the nucleus. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms governing YAP dynamics and the probability of activation that is of immense clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaimongkol Saengow
- Mechanical Science & Engineering; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Mechanical Science & Engineering; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - M Taher A Saif
- Mechanical Science & Engineering; Bioengineering; Cancer Center at Illinois.
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11
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Cheng L, Yue H, Zhang H, Liu Q, Du L, Liu X, Xie J, Shen Y. The influence of microenvironment stiffness on endothelial cell fate: Implication for occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2023; 334:122233. [PMID: 37918628 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the primary cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is characterized by phenotypic changes in fibrous proliferation, chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation mediated by vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) which are correlated with the stiffening and ectopic remodeling of local extracellular matrix (ECM). The native residents, ECs and SMCs, are not only affected by various chemical factors including inflammatory mediators and chemokines, but also by a range of physical stimuli, such as shear stress and ECM stiffness, presented in the microenvironmental niche. Especially, ECs, as a semi-selective barrier, can sense mechanical forces, respond quickly to changes in mechanical loading and provide context-specific adaptive responses to restore homeostasis. However, blood arteries undergo stiffening and lose their elasticity with age. Reports have shown that the ECM stiffening could influence EC fate by changing the cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, cell to cell contact, migration and even communication with SMCs. The cell behaviour changes mediated by ECM stiffening are dependent on the activation of a signaling cascade of mechanoperception and mechanotransduction. Although the substantial evidence directly indicates the importance of ECM stiffening on the native ECs, the understanding about this complex interplay is still largely limited. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of ECM stiffening on the behaviours of endothelial cells and elucidate the underlying details in biological mechanism, aiming to provide the process of how ECs integrate ECM mechanics and the highlights for bioaffinity of tissue-specific engineered scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Yue
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingyu Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; JinFeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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12
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Tagay Y, Kheirabadi S, Ataie Z, Singh RK, Prince O, Nguyen A, Zhovmer AS, Ma X, Sheikhi A, Tsygankov D, Tabdanov ED. Dynein-Powered Cell Locomotion Guides Metastasis of Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302229. [PMID: 37726225 PMCID: PMC10625109 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The principal cause of death in cancer patients is metastasis, which remains an unresolved problem. Conventionally, metastatic dissemination is linked to actomyosin-driven cell locomotion. However, the locomotion of cancer cells often does not strictly line up with the measured actomyosin forces. Here, a complementary mechanism of metastatic locomotion powered by dynein-generated forces is identified. These forces arise within a non-stretchable microtubule network and drive persistent contact guidance of migrating cancer cells along the biomimetic collagen fibers. It is also shown that the dynein-powered locomotion becomes indispensable during invasive 3D migration within a tissue-like luminal network formed by spatially confining granular hydrogel scaffolds (GHS) made up of microscale hydrogel particles (microgels). These results indicate that the complementary motricity mediated by dynein is always necessary and, in certain instances, sufficient for disseminating metastatic breast cancer cells. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of cell locomotion mechanisms and expand the spectrum of clinical targets against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbol Tagay
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Sina Kheirabadi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Zaman Ataie
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyGynecology OncologyUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY14642USA
| | - Olivia Prince
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMD20903USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Institute of Technology and Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30332USA
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Penn State Cancer InstitutePenn State College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
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13
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Zhovmer AS, Manning A, Smith C, Wang J, Ma X, Tsygankov D, Dokholyan NV, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Singh RK, Tabdanov ED. Septins Enable T Cell Contact Guidance via Amoeboid-Mesenchymal Switch. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.26.559597. [PMID: 37808814 PMCID: PMC10557721 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes exit circulation and enter in-tissue guided migration toward sites of tissue pathologies, damage, infection, or inflammation. By continuously sensing and adapting to the guiding chemo-mechano-structural properties of the tissues, lymphocytes dynamically alternate and combine their amoeboid (non-adhesive) and mesenchymal (adhesive) migration modes. However, which mechanisms guide and balance different migration modes are largely unclear. Here we report that suppression of septins GTPase activity induces an abrupt amoeboid-to-mesenchymal transition of T cell migration mode, characterized by a distinct, highly deformable integrin-dependent immune cell contact guidance. Surprisingly, the T cell actomyosin cortex contractility becomes diminished, dispensable and antagonistic to mesenchymal-like migration mode. Instead, mesenchymal-like T cells rely on microtubule stabilization and their non-canonical dynein motor activity for high fidelity contact guidance. Our results establish septin's GTPase activity as an important on/off switch for integrin-dependent migration of T lymphocytes, enabling their dynein-driven fluid-like mesenchymal propulsion along the complex adhesion cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chynna Smith
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Hershey-Hummelstown, PA, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Departments of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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14
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Kutluk H, Bastounis EE, Constantinou I. Integration of Extracellular Matrices into Organ-on-Chip Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203256. [PMID: 37018430 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network present within all tissues and organs that not only acts as a mechanical support and anchorage point but can also direct fundamental cell behavior, function, and characteristics. Although the importance of the ECM is well established, the integration of well-controlled ECMs into Organ-on-Chip (OoC) platforms remains challenging and the methods to modulate and assess ECM properties on OoCs remain underdeveloped. In this review, current state-of-the-art design and assessment of in vitro ECM environments is discussed with a focus on their integration into OoCs. Among other things, synthetic and natural hydrogels, as well as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as substrates, coatings, or cell culture membranes are reviewed in terms of their ability to mimic the native ECM and their accessibility for characterization. The intricate interplay among materials, OoC architecture, and ECM characterization is critically discussed as it significantly complicates the design of ECM-related studies, comparability between works, and reproducibility that can be achieved across research laboratories. Improving the biomimetic nature of OoCs by integrating properly considered ECMs would contribute to their further adoption as replacements for animal models, and precisely tailored ECM properties would promote the use of OoCs in mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Effie E Bastounis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, E8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" EXC 2124, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Patel L, Worch JC, Dove AP, Gehmlich K. The Utilisation of Hydrogels for iPSC-Cardiomyocyte Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9995. [PMID: 37373141 PMCID: PMC10298477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts' (FBs) and cardiomyocytes' (CMs) behaviour and morphology are influenced by their environment such as remodelling of the myocardium, thus highlighting the importance of biomaterial substrates in cell culture. Biomaterials have emerged as important tools for the development of physiological models, due to the range of adaptable properties of these materials, such as degradability and biocompatibility. Biomaterial hydrogels can act as alternative substrates for cellular studies, which have been particularly key to the progression of the cardiovascular field. This review will focus on the role of hydrogels in cardiac research, specifically the use of natural and synthetic biomaterials such as hyaluronic acid, polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene glycol for culturing induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). The ability to fine-tune mechanical properties such as stiffness and the versatility of biomaterials is assessed, alongside applications of hydrogels with iPSC-CMs. Natural hydrogels often display higher biocompatibility with iPSC-CMs but often degrade quicker, whereas synthetic hydrogels can be modified to facilitate cell attachment and decrease degradation rates. iPSC-CM structure and electrophysiology can be assessed on natural and synthetic hydrogels, often resolving issues such as immaturity of iPSC-CMs. Biomaterial hydrogels can thus provide a more physiological model of the cardiac extracellular matrix compared to traditional 2D models, with the cardiac field expansively utilising hydrogels to recapitulate disease conditions such as stiffness, encourage alignment of iPSC-CMs and facilitate further model development such as engineered heart tissues (EHTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Joshua C. Worch
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.C.W.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.C.W.); (A.P.D.)
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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16
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Tagay Y, Kheirabadi S, Ataie Z, Singh RK, Prince O, Nguyen A, Zhovmer AS, Ma X, Sheikhi A, Tsygankov D, Tabdanov ED. Dynein-Powered Cell Locomotion Guides Metastasis of Breast Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.04.535605. [PMID: 37066378 PMCID: PMC10104034 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.04.535605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a principal cause of death in cancer patients, which remains an unresolved fundamental and clinical problem. Conventionally, metastatic dissemination is linked to the actomyosin-driven cell locomotion. However, locomotion of cancer cells often does not strictly line up with the measured actomyosin forces. Here, we identify a complementary mechanism of metastatic locomotion powered by the dynein-generated forces. These forces that arise within a non-stretchable microtubule network drive persistent contact guidance of migrating cancer cells along the biomimetic collagen fibers. We also show that dynein-powered locomotion becomes indispensable during invasive 3D migration within a tissue-like luminal network between spatially confining hydrogel microspheres. Our results indicate that the complementary contractile system of dynein motors and microtubules is always necessary and in certain instances completely sufficient for dissemination of metastatic breast cancer cells. These findings advance fundamental understanding of cell locomotion mechanisms and expand the spectrum of clinical targets against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerbol Tagay
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sina Kheirabadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zaman Ataie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Prince
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20903, USA
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
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17
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Heussner RK, Zhang H, Qian G, Baker MJ, Provenzano PP. Differential contractility regulates cancer stem cell migration. Biophys J 2023; 122:1198-1210. [PMID: 36772795 PMCID: PMC10111274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to have a high capacity for tumor initiation and the formation of metastases. We have previously shown that in collagen constructs mimetic of aligned extracellular matrix architectures observed in carcinomas, breast CSCs demonstrate enhanced directional and total motility compared with more differentiated carcinoma populations. Here, we show that CSCs maintain increased motility in diverse environments including on 2D elastic polyacrylamide gels of various stiffness, 3D randomly oriented collagen matrices, and ectopic cerebral slices representative of a common metastatic site. A consistent twofold increase of CSC motility across platforms suggests a general shift in cell migration mechanics between well-differentiated carcinoma cells and their stem-like counterparts. To further elucidate the source of differences in migration, we demonstrate that CSCs are less contractile than the whole population (WP) and develop fewer and smaller focal adhesions and show that enhanced CSC migration can be tuned via contractile forces. The WP can be shifted to a CSC-like migratory phenotype using partial myosin II inhibition. Inversely, CSCs can be shifted to a less migratory WP-like phenotype using microtubule-destabilizing drugs that increase contractility or by directly enhancing contractile forces. This work begins to reveal the mechanistic differences driving CSC migration and raises important implications regarding the potentially disparate effects of microtubule-targeting agents on the motility of different cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hongrong Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Guhan Qian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Mikayla J Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Paolo P Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota; University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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18
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Yu Z, Hao R, Chen X, Ma L, Zhang Y, Yang H. Protocol to develop a microfluidic human corneal barrier-on-a-chip to evaluate the corneal epithelial wound repair process. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102122. [PMID: 36861830 PMCID: PMC9984679 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips are microfluidic devices for cell culturing to simulate tissue- or organ-level physiology, providing new solutions other than traditional animal tests. Here, we describe a microfluidic platform consisting of human corneal cells and compartmentalizing channels to achieve fully integrated human cornea's barrier effects on the chip. We detail steps to verify the barrier effects and physiological phenotypes of microengineered human cornea. Then, we use the platform to evaluate the corneal epithelial wound repair process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yu et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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19
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Yu N, Zhang F, Tang X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Wang Q. Hierarchical hydrogel microarrays fabricated based on a microfluidic printing platform for high-throughput screening of stem cell lineage specification. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:144-153. [PMID: 36868445 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
2D cell cultures are suitable for rapid exploration of the factors in the extracellular matrix affecting the development of cells. The technology of the micrometre-sized hydrogel array provides a feasible, miniaturized, and high-throughput strategy for the process. However, current microarray devices lack a handy and parallelized methodology in sample treatment, which makes the process of high-throughput cell screening (HTCS) expensive and inefficient. Here, based on the functionalization of micro-nano structures and the fluid control capability of microfluidic chips, we build a microfluidic spotting-screening platform (MSSP). The MSSP can print 20000 microdroplet spots within 5 min, coupled with a simple strategy for parallel addition of compound libraries. Compared with open microdroplet arrays, the MSSP can control the evaporation rate of nanoliter droplets, providing a stable fabrication platform for hydrogel-microarray-based materials. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the MSSP successfully controlled the adhesion, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation behavior of mesenchymal stem cells by rationally designing the substrate stiffness, adhesion area, and cell density. We anticipate that the MSSP may provide an accessible and promising tool for hydrogel-based HTCS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: High-throughput screening of cells is a common approach to improve the efficiency of biological experiments, and one challenge of the existing technologies is to achieve rapid and precise cell screening with a low-cost and simple strategy. Through the integration of the microfluidic and micro-nanostructure technologies, we fabricated a microfluidic spotting-screening platforms. Benefiting from the flexible control of the fluids, the device can print 20000 microdroplet spots within 5 min, coupled with a simple procedure for parallel addition of compound libraries. High-throughput screening of stem cell lineage specification has also been achieved by the platform, which provides a high-throughput, high-content information extraction strategy for cell-biomaterial interaction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzuo Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Yongshun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, PR China.
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20
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Onishi K, Ishihara S, Takahashi M, Sakai A, Enomoto A, Suzuki K, Haga H. Substrate stiffness induces nuclear localization of myosin regulatory light chain to suppress apoptosis. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:643-656. [PMID: 36723402 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness of the extracellular matrix regulates various biological responses, but the response mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we found that the nuclear diphosphorylated myosin regulatory light chain (2P-MRLC) is a critical mechanomediator that suppresses apoptosis in response to substrate stiffness. Stiff substrates promoted the nuclear localization of 2P-MRLC. Zipper-interacting protein kinase [ZIPK; also known as death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3)], a kinase for MRLC, was localized in the nucleus in response to stiff substrates and promoted the nuclear localization of 2P-MRLC. Moreover, actin fiber formation induced by substrate stiffness promoted the nuclear localization of 2P-MRLC via ZIPK. 2P-MRLC in response to substrate stiffness suppressed the expression of MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MafB) and repressed apoptosis. These findings reveal a newly identified role of MRLC in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Onishi
- Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ishihara
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kentaro Suzuki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Japan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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21
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Tischenko K, Brill-Karniely Y, Steinberg E, Segev-Yekutiel H, Benny O. Surface physical cues mediate the uptake of foreign particles by cancer cells. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:016113. [PMID: 36960390 PMCID: PMC10030191 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer phenotypes are often associated with changes in the mechanical states of cells and their microenvironments. Numerous studies have established correlations between cancer cell malignancy and cell deformability at the single-cell level. The mechanical deformation of cells is required for the internalization of large colloidal particles. Compared to normal epithelial cells, cancer cells show higher capacities to distort their shapes during the engulfment of external particles, thus performing phagocytic-like processes more efficiently. This link between cell deformability and particle uptake suggests that the cell's adherence state may affect this particle uptake, as cells become stiffer when plated on a more rigid substrate and vice versa. Based on this, we hypothesized that cancer cells of the same origin, which are subjected to external mechanical cues through attachment to surfaces with varying rigidities, may express different capacities to uptake foreign particles. The effects of substrate rigidity on cancer cell uptake of inert particles (0.8 and 2.4 μm) were examined using surfaces with physiologically relevant rigidities (from 0.5 to 64 kPa). Our data demonstrate a wave-like ("meandering") dependence of cell uptake on the rigidity of the culture substrate explained by a superposition of opposing physical and biological effects. The uptake patterns were inversely correlated with the expression of phosphorylated paxillin, indicating that the initial passive particle absorbance is the primary limiting step toward complete uptake. Overall, our findings may provide a foundation for mechanical rationalization of particle uptake design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tischenko
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Yifat Brill-Karniely
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Eliana Steinberg
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Hadas Segev-Yekutiel
- The Core Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
| | - Ofra Benny
- Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001 Israel
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22
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Krull CM, Li H, Pathak A. Nuclear export inhibition jumbles epithelial-mesenchymal states and gives rise to migratory disorder in healthy epithelia. eLife 2023; 12:e81048. [PMID: 36805020 PMCID: PMC9943065 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nucleocytoplasmic transport of E-M factors regulates cellular E-M states; yet, it remains unknown how simultaneously trapping these factors affects epithelia at the macroscale. To explore this question, we performed nuclear export inhibition (NEI) via leptomycin B and Selinexor treatment, which biases nuclear localization of CRM1-associated E-M factors. We examined changes in collective cellular phenotypes across a range of substrate stiffnesses. Following NEI, soft substrates elevate collective migration of MCF10A cells for up to 24 hr, while stiffer substrates reduce migration at all time points. Our results suggest that NEI disrupts migration through competition between intercellular adhesions and mechanoactivation, generally causing loss of cell-cell coordination. Specifically, across substrate stiffnesses, NEI fosters an atypical E-M state wherein MCF10A cells become both more epithelial and more mesenchymal. We observe that NEI fosters a range of these concurrent phenotypes, from more epithelial shYAP MCF10A cells to more mesenchymal MDCK II cells. α-Catenin emerges as a potential link between E-M states, where it maintains normal levels of intercellular adhesion and transmits mechanoactive characteristics to collective behavior. Ultimately, to accommodate the concurrent states observed here, we propose an expanded E-M model, which may help further understand fundamental biological phenomena and inform pathological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly M Krull
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Haiyi Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. LouisSt LouisUnited States
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23
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Ebrahimighaei R, Sala-Newby GB, Hudson C, Kimura TE, Hathway T, Hawkins J, McNeill MC, Richardson R, Newby AC, Bond M. Combined role for YAP-TEAD and YAP-RUNX2 signalling in substrate-stiffness regulation of cardiac fibroblast proliferation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119329. [PMID: 35905788 PMCID: PMC7616274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with increased stiffness of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) in part mediated by increased cardiac fibroblast proliferation However, our understanding of the mechanisms regulating cardiac fibroblast proliferation are incomplete. Here we characterise a novel mechanism involving a combined activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) targets RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) and TEA Domain Transcription Factor (TEAD). We demonstrate that cardiac fibroblast proliferation is enhanced by interaction with a stiff ECM compared to a soft ECM. This is associated with activation of the transcriptional co-factor, YAP. We demonstrate that this stiffness induced activation of YAP enhances the transcriptional activity of both TEAD and RUNX2 transcription factors. Inhibition of either TEAD or RUNX2, using gene silencing, expression of dominant-negative mutants or pharmacological inhibition, reduces cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Using mutants of YAP, defective in TEAD or RUNX2 activation ability, we demonstrate a dual role of YAP-mediated activation of TEAD and RUNX2 for substrate stiffness induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation. Our data highlights a previously unrecognised role of YAP mediated RUNX2 activation for cardiac fibroblast proliferation in response to increased ECM stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ebrahimighaei
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B Sala-Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Claire Hudson
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tomomi E Kimura
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Tom Hathway
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Joseph Hawkins
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Madeleine C McNeill
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Rebecca Richardson
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C Newby
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Research Floor Level 7, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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24
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The effect of matrix stiffness on the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:805-816. [PMID: 36029427 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is one of the most important weight-bearing components in human body, thus the chondrogenesis of stem cells is reactive to many intracellular and extracellular mechanical signals. As a unique physical cue, matrix stiffness plays an integral role in commitment of stem cell fate. However, when examining the downstream effects of matrix stiffness, most studies used different soluble factors to assist physical inducing process, which may mask the chondrogenic effects of matrix stiffness. Here we fabricated polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels with gradient stiffness to unravel the role of matrix stiffness in chondrogenic process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with or without TGF-β3 as induction factor. The results showed that with micromass culture mimicking relatively high cell density in vivo, the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs can be promoted by soft substrates (about 0.5 kPa) independently with assembled cytoskeleton. Further analysis indicated that addition of TGF-β3 generally increased expression level of cartilage-related markers and masked the stiffness-derived expression pattern of hypertrophic markers. These results demonstrate how mechanical cues experienced in developmental context regulate commitment of stem cell fate and have significant impact on the design of tissue regeneration materials.
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25
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Afzal J, Liu Y, Du W, Suhail Y, Zong P, Feng J, Ajeti V, Sayyad WA, Nikolaus J, Yankova M, Deymier AC, Yue L, Kshitiz. Cardiac ultrastructure inspired matrix induces advanced metabolic and functional maturation of differentiated human cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111146. [PMID: 35905711 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast potential of human induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in preclinical models of cardiac pathologies, precision medicine, and drug screening remains to be fully realized because hiPSC-CMs are immature without adult-like characteristics. Here, we present a method to accelerate hiPSC-CM maturation on a substrate, cardiac mimetic matrix (CMM), mimicking adult human heart matrix ligand chemistry, rigidity, and submicron ultrastructure, which synergistically mature hiPSC-CMs rapidly within 30 days. hiPSC-CMs matured on CMM exhibit systemic transcriptomic maturation toward an adult heart state, are aligned with high strain energy, metabolically rely on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, and display enhanced redox handling capability, efficient calcium handling, and electrophysiological features of ventricular myocytes. Endothelin-1-induced pathological hypertrophy is mitigated on CMM, highlighting the role of a native cardiac microenvironment in withstanding hypertrophy progression. CMM is a convenient model for accelerated development of ventricular myocytes manifesting highly specialized cardiac-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Afzal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Yamin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Wenqiang Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Yasir Suhail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Visar Ajeti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Wasim A Sayyad
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joerg Nikolaus
- West Campus Imaging Core, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06477, USA
| | - Maya Yankova
- Electron Microscopy Core, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Alix C Deymier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Calhoun Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Kshitiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Center for Cellular Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
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26
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Joshi H, Morley SC. Efficient T Cell Migration and Activation Require L-Plastin. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916137. [PMID: 35844504 PMCID: PMC9277003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton supports T-cell trafficking towards immune sites and interaction with antigen presenting cells (APCs). F-actin rearrangement enables T-cell trafficking by stabilizing adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and promoting transendothelial migration. T-cell/APC immune synapse (IS) maturation also relies upon f-actin-anchored LFA-1:ICAM-1 ligation. Therefore, efficient T-cell responses require tight regulation of f-actin dynamics. In this review, we summarize how the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) regulates T-cell activation and migration. LPL enhances f-actin polymerization and also directly binds to the β2 chain of the integrin LFA-1 to support intercellular adhesion and IS formation in human and murine T cells. LPL- deficient T cells migrate slowly in response to chemo-attractants such as CXCL12, CCL19, and poorly polarize towards ICAM-1. Loss of LPL impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility. LPL is also required for T-cell IS maturation with APCs, and therefore for efficient cytokine production and proliferation. LPL-/- mice are less susceptible to T-cell mediated pathologies, such as allograft rejection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). LPL activity is regulated by its N-terminal “headpiece”, which contains serine and threonine phosphorylation and calcium- and calmodulin-binding sites. LPL phosphorylation is required for lamellipodia formation during adhesion and migration, and also for LFA-1 clustering during IS formation. However, the precise molecular interactions by which LPL supports T-cell functional responses remain unclear. Future studies elucidating LPL-mediated regulation of T-cell migration and/or activation may illuminate pathways for therapeutic targeting in T-cell-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sharon Celeste Morley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Celeste Morley,
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27
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Calahan KN, Qi Y, Johannes KG, Rentschler ME, Long R. Local lateral contact governs shear traction of micropatterned surfaces on hydrogel substrates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2728. [PMID: 35749508 PMCID: PMC9232113 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterned surfaces exhibit enhanced shear traction on soft, aqueous tissue-like materials and, thus, have the potential to advance medical technology by improving the anchoring performance of medical devices on tissue. However, the fundamental mechanism underlying the enhanced shear traction is still elusive, as previous studies focused on interactions between micropatterned surfaces and rigid substrates rather than soft substrates. Here, we present a particle tracking method to experimentally measure microscale three-dimensional (3D) deformation of a soft hydrogel in normal and shear contact with arrays of microscale pillars. The measured 3D strain and stress fields reveal that the lateral contact between each individual pillar and the deformed hydrogel substrate governs the shear response. Moreover, by comparing pillars with different cross-sectional geometries, we observe experimental evidence that the shear traction of a pillar on the hydrogel substrate is sensitive to the convex features of its leading edge in the shear direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Calahan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Karl G. Johannes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mark E. Rentschler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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28
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Migulina N, Tjin G, Faiz A, Borghuis T, Zhao F, Kaper HJ, Metzlar M, van Dijk E, Sharma PK, Timens W, Gosens R, Brandsma CA, Burgess JK. Differential roles for lysyl oxidase (like), family members in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; from gene and protein expression to function. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22374. [PMID: 35670745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101553r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long-term airflow obstruction with cigarette smoke as a key risk factor. Extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in COPD may lead to small airway wall fibrosis. Altered collagen cross-linking, potentially mediated by the lysyl oxidase (LO) family of enzymes (LOX, LOXL1-4), orchestrates disturbed ECM homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of smoking status and presence and severity of COPD on LOs gene and protein expression in the airways and the impact of LOs inhibition on airway contraction in an ex vivo mouse model. We used gene expression data from bronchial brushings, airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in vitro and immunohistochemistry in lung tissue to assess smoke- and COPD-associated differences in LOs gene and protein expression in the small airways. We found higher LOX expression in current- compared to ex-smokers and higher LOXL1 expression in COPD compared to non-COPD patients. LOX and LOXL2 expression were upregulated in COPD ASM cells treated with cigarette smoke extract. LOXL1 and LOXL2 protein levels were higher in small airways from current- compared to non-smokers. In COPD patients, higher LOXL1 and lower LOX protein levels were observed, but no differences for LOXL2, LOXL3, and LOXL4 protein were detected in small airways. Inhibiting LOs activity increased airway contraction in murine lung slices. COPD-associated changes in LOs, in particular LOX and LOXL1, may be related to smoking and contribute to impaired airway function, providing potential novel targets for preventing or treating small airways changes in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Migulina
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alen Faiz
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Science, Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Theo Borghuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fenghua Zhao
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J Kaper
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Metzlar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eline van Dijk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, KOLFF Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Chang AC, Uto K, Abdellatef SA, Nakanishi J. Precise Tuning and Characterization of Viscoelastic Interfaces for the Study of Early Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Behaviors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5307-5314. [PMID: 35143208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cellular functions are regulated by the viscoelastic nature of surrounding matrices. This study aimed to investigate the impact of interfacial viscoelasticity on adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) behaviors of epithelial cells. The interfacial viscoelasticity was manipulated using spin-coated thin films composed of copolymers of ε-caprolactone and d,l-lactide photo-cross-linked with benzophenone, whose mechanical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy and a rheometer. The critical range for the morphological transition of epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was of the order of 102 ms relaxation time, which was 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than the relaxation times reported (10-102 s). An analysis of strain rate-dependent viscoelastic properties revealed that the difference was caused by the different strain rate/frequency used for the mechanical characterization of the interface and bulk. Furthermore, decoupling of the interfacial viscous and elastic terms demonstrated that E/N-cadherin expression levels were regulated differently by interfacial relaxation and elasticity. These results confirm the significance of precise manipulation and characterization of interfacial viscoelasticity in mechanobiology studies on EMT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chinghsuan Chang
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No. 321, Sec. 2, Kuangfu Road, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shimaa A Abdellatef
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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30
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Zhuang Y, Huang Y, He Z, Liu T, Yu X, Xin SX. Effect of substrate stiffness on the mechanical properties of cervical cancer cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 725:109281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Yu Z, Hao R, Du J, Wu X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Li W, Gu Z, Yang H. A human cornea-on-a-chip for the study of epithelial wound healing by extracellular vesicles. iScience 2022; 25:104200. [PMID: 35479406 PMCID: PMC9035703 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Hao
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Du
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Medical AI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author
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32
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Longitudinal shear wave elasticity measurements of millimeter-sized biomaterials using a single-element transducer platform. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266235. [PMID: 35385536 PMCID: PMC8985960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness profoundly impact cellular behaviors, possibly more significantly than the influence of static stiffness. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures with tunable matrix stiffness have been utilized to characterize the mechanobiological interactions of elasticity-mediated cellular behaviors. Conventional studies usually perform static interrogations of elasticity at micro-scale resolution. While such studies are essential for investigations of cellular mechanotransduction, few tools are available for depicting the temporal dynamics of the stiffness of the cellular environment, especially for optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials. We present a single-element transducer shear wave (SW) elasticity imaging system that is applied to a millimeter-sized, ECM-based cell-laden hydrogel. The single-element ultrasound transducer is used both to generate SWs and to detect their arrival times after being reflected from the side boundaries of the sample. The sample’s shear wave speed (SWS) is calculated by applying a time-of-flight algorithm to the reflected SWs. We use this noninvasive and technically straightforward approach to demonstrate that exposing 3D cancer cell cultures to X-ray irradiation induces a temporal change in the SWS. The proposed platform is appropriate for investigating in vitro how a group of cells remodels their surrounding matrix and how changes to their mechanical properties could affect the embedded cells in optically turbid millimeter-sized biomaterials.
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Darby DR, Cai Z, Mason CR, Pham JT. Modulus and adhesion of Sylgard 184, Solaris, and Ecoflex 00‐30 silicone elastomers with varied mixing ratios. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Darby
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Zhuoyun Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Christopher R. Mason
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Jonathan T. Pham
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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García-García M, Sánchez-Perales S, Jarabo P, Calvo E, Huyton T, Fu L, Ng SC, Sotodosos-Alonso L, Vázquez J, Casas-Tintó S, Görlich D, Echarri A, Del Pozo MA. Mechanical control of nuclear import by Importin-7 is regulated by its dominant cargo YAP. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1174. [PMID: 35246520 PMCID: PMC8897400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces regulate multiple essential pathways in the cell. The nuclear translocation of mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators is an essential step for mechanotransduction. However, how mechanical forces regulate the nuclear import process is not understood. Here, we identify a highly mechanoresponsive nuclear transport receptor (NTR), Importin-7 (Imp7), that drives the nuclear import of YAP, a key regulator of mechanotransduction pathways. Unexpectedly, YAP governs the mechanoresponse of Imp7 by forming a YAP/Imp7 complex that responds to mechanical cues through the Hippo kinases MST1/2. Furthermore, YAP behaves as a dominant cargo of Imp7, restricting the Imp7 binding and the nuclear translocation of other Imp7 cargoes such as Smad3 and Erk2. Thus, the nuclear import process is an additional regulatory layer indirectly regulated by mechanical cues, which activate a preferential Imp7 cargo, YAP, which competes out other cargoes, resulting in signaling crosstalk. The translation of mechanical cues into gene expression changes is dependent on the nuclear import of mechanoresponsive transcriptional regulators. Here the authors identify that Importin-7 drives the nuclear import of one such regulator YAP while YAP then controls Importin-7 response to mechanical cues and restricts Importin-7 binding to other cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-García
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sánchez-Perales
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Jarabo
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Avda. Doctor Arce, 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Proteomics Unit. Area of Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trevor Huyton
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Liran Fu
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sheung Chun Ng
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Sotodosos-Alonso
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Proteomics Unit. Area of Vascular Physiopathology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Asier Echarri
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory. Area of Cell & Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Nazbar A, Samani S, Yazdian Kashani S, Amanzadeh A, Shoeibi S, Bonakdar S. Molecular imprinting as a simple way for the long-term maintenance of the stemness and proliferation potential of adipose-derived stem cells: an in vitro study. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6816-6830. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the biomimetic ADSC-imprinted substrate is a simple way for long-term maintenance of their stemness and proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Nazbar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Yazdian Kashani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Huang Q, Liu X, Guo SW. Higher fibrotic content of endometriotic lesions is associated with diminished prostaglandin E2 signaling. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 21:e12423. [PMID: 34938147 PMCID: PMC8656679 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose While the prevailing view holds that the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling plays a vital role in endometriosis, PGE2 also is known to be anti-fibrotic. We investigated the immunostaining of COX-2, EP2, and EP4, along with fibrotic content in ovarian endometrioma (OE) and deep endometriosis (DE) lesions, and in OE lesions from adolescent and adult patients. In addition, we evaluated the effect of substrate stiffness on the expression of COX-2, EP2, and EP4 in endometrial stromal cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry analysis of COX-2, EP2, and EP4, along with the quantification of lesional fibrosis, was conducted for OE and DE lesion samples and also OE lesion samples from adolescent and adult patients. The effect of substrate rigidity on fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) and the expression of COX-2, EP2, and EP4, with or without TGF-β1 stimulation, were investigated. Results The immunostaining of COX-2, EP2, and EP4 was substantially reduced in endometriotic lesions as lesions became more fibrotic. Both TGF-β1 stimulation and stiff substrates induced FMT and reduced the expression of COX-2, EP2, and EP4. Conclusions Since fibrosis is a common feature of endometriosis, our results thus cast doubts on the use of therapeutics that suppresses the PGE2 signaling pathway, either by inhibiting COX-2 or EP2/EP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Huang
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai OB/GYN Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases Fudan University Shanghai China
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37
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Valencia FR, Sandoval E, Du J, Iu E, Liu J, Plotnikov SV. Force-dependent activation of actin elongation factor mDia1 protects the cytoskeleton from mechanical damage and promotes stress fiber repair. Dev Cell 2021; 56:3288-3302.e5. [PMID: 34822787 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasticity of cell mechanics underlies a wide range of cell and tissue behaviors allowing cells to migrate through narrow spaces, resist shear forces, and safeguard against mechanical damage. Such plasticity depends on spatiotemporal regulation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton, but mechanisms of adaptive change in cell mechanics remain elusive. Here, we report a mechanism of mechanically activated actin polymerization at focal adhesions (FAs), specifically requiring the actin elongation factor mDia1. By combining live-cell imaging with mathematical modeling, we show that actin polymerization at FAs exhibits pulsatile dynamics where spikes of mDia1 activity are triggered by contractile forces. The suppression of mDia1-mediated actin polymerization increases tension on stress fibers (SFs) leading to an increased frequency of spontaneous SF damage and decreased efficiency of zyxin-mediated SF repair. We conclude that tension-controlled actin polymerization acts as a safety valve dampening excessive tension on the actin cytoskeleton and safeguarding SFs against mechanical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando R Valencia
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Eduardo Sandoval
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joy Du
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Ernest Iu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Cell Dynamics, Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sergey V Plotnikov
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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38
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Zhovmer AS, Manning A, Smith C, Hayes JB, Burnette DT, Wang J, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Dokholyan NV, Singh RK, Tabdanov ED. Mechanical Counterbalance of Kinesin and Dynein Motors in a Microtubular Network Regulates Cell Mechanics, 3D Architecture, and Mechanosensing. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17528-17548. [PMID: 34677937 PMCID: PMC9291236 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) and MT motor proteins form active 3D networks made of unstretchable cables with rod-like bending mechanics that provide cells with a dynamically changing structural scaffold. In this study, we report an antagonistic mechanical balance within the dynein-kinesin microtubular motor system. Dynein activity drives the microtubular network inward compaction, while isolated activity of kinesins bundles and expands MTs into giant circular bands that deform the cell cortex into discoids. Furthermore, we show that dyneins recruit MTs to sites of cell adhesion, increasing the topographic contact guidance of cells, while kinesins antagonize it via retraction of MTs from sites of cell adhesion. Actin-to-microtubule translocation of septin-9 enhances kinesin-MT interactions, outbalances the activity of kinesins over that of dyneins, and induces the discoid architecture of cells. These orthogonal mechanisms of MT network reorganization highlight the existence of an intricate mechanical balance between motor activities of kinesins and dyneins that controls cell 3D architecture, mechanics, and cell-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
- . Tel: 1-301-402-1606
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903, United States
| | - Chynna Smith
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - James B. Hayes
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Dylan T. Burnette
- Department
of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, University of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
| | - Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera
- Section
on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- . Tel: 1-301-503-4033
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
- . Tel: 1-717-531-5177
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States
- . Tel: 1-585-276-6281
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- Department
of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hummelstown, Pennsylvania 17036, United States
- . Tel: 1-717-531-0003 Ext: 4430
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Bizanti A, Chandrashekar P, Steward R. Culturing astrocytes on substrates that mimic brain tumors promotes enhanced mechanical forces. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112751. [PMID: 34363813 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential to brain homeostasis and their dysfunction can have devastating consequences on human quality of life. Such deleterious effects are generally due in part to changes that occur at the cellular level, which may be biochemical or biomechanical in nature. One biomechanical change that can occur is a change in tissue stiffness. Brain tumors are generally associated with increased brain tissue stiffness, but the impact increased tissue stiffness has on astrocyte biomechanical behavior is poorly understood. Therefore, in this study we cultured human astrocytes on flexible substrates with stiffness that mimicked the healthy human brain (1 kPa), meningioma (4 kPa), and glioma (11 kPa) and investigated astrocyte biomechanical behavior by measuring cell-substrate tractions, strain energies, cell-cell intercellular stresses, and cellular velocities. In general, tractions, intercellular stresses, and strain energy was observed to increase as a function of increased substrate stiffness, while cell velocities were observed to decrease with increased substrate stiffness. We believe this study will be of great importance to the fields of brain pathology and brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariege Bizanti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Priyanka Chandrashekar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Robert Steward
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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40
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Matrix Stiffness Modulates Metabolic Interaction between Human Stromal and Breast Cancer Cells to Stimulate Epithelial Motility. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070432. [PMID: 34357326 PMCID: PMC8308000 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tumors belong to the type of desmoplastic lesion in which a stiffer tissue structure is a determinant of breast cancer progression and constitutes a risk factor for breast cancer development. It has been proposed that cancer-associated stromal cells (responsible for this fibrotic phenomenon) are able to metabolize glucose via lactate production, which supports the catabolic metabolism of cancer cells. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible functional link between these two processes. To measure the effect of matrix rigidity on metabolic determinations, we used compliant elastic polyacrylamide gels as a substrate material, to which matrix molecules were covalently linked. We evaluated metabolite transport in stromal cells using two different FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) nanosensors specific for glucose and lactate. Cell migration/invasion was evaluated using Transwell devices. We show that increased stiffness stimulates lactate production and glucose uptake by mammary fibroblasts. This response was correlated with the expression of stromal glucose transporter Glut1 and monocarboxylate transporters MCT4. Moreover, mammary stromal cells cultured on stiff matrices generated soluble factors that stimulated epithelial breast migration in a stiffness-dependent manner. Using a normal breast stromal cell line, we found that a stiffer extracellular matrix favors the acquisition mechanistical properties that promote metabolic reprograming and also constitute a stimulus for epithelial motility. This new knowledge will help us to better understand the complex relationship between fibrosis, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer malignancy.
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41
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Geng J, Shi Y, Zhang J, Yang B, Wang P, Yuan W, Zhao H, Li J, Qin F, Hong L, Xie C, Deng X, Sun Y, Wu C, Chen L, Zhou D. TLR4 signalling via Piezo1 engages and enhances the macrophage mediated host response during bacterial infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3519. [PMID: 34112781 PMCID: PMC8192512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4 signaling plays key roles in the innate immune response to microbial infection. Innate immune cells encounter different mechanical cues in both health and disease to adapt their behaviors. However, the impact of mechanical sensing signals on TLR4 signal-mediated innate immune response remains unclear. Here we show that TLR4 signalling augments macrophage bactericidal activity through the mechanical sensor Piezo1. Bacterial infection or LPS stimulation triggers assembly of the complex of Piezo1 and TLR4 to remodel F-actin organization and augment phagocytosis, mitochondrion-phagosomal ROS production and bacterial clearance and genetic deficiency of Piezo1 results in abrogation of these responses. Mechanistically, LPS stimulates TLR4 to induce Piezo1-mediated calcium influx and consequently activates CaMKII-Mst1/2-Rac axis for pathogen ingestion and killing. Inhibition of CaMKII or knockout of either Mst1/2 or Rac1 results in reduced macrophage bactericidal activity, phenocopying the Piezo1 deficiency. Thus, we conclude that TLR4 drives the innate immune response via Piezo1 providing critical insight for understanding macrophage mechanophysiology and the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiran Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinjia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Weihong Yuan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Junhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Funiu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lixin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Dawang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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42
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Cong ATQ, Pimenta RML, Holy J, Heikal AA. Associated anisotropy of intrinsic NAD(P)H for monitoring changes in the metabolic activities of breast cancer cells (4T1) in three-dimensional collagen matrix. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12692-12705. [PMID: 34036961 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of in vitro studies of living cells are routinely conducted in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture. Recent studies, however, suggest that 2D cell culture promotes specific types of aberrant cell behaviors due to the growth on non-physiologically stiff surfaces and the lack of the tissue-based extracellular matrix. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of the two-photon (2P) rotational dynamics of the intrinsic reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate), NAD(P)H, to changes in the metabolic state of the metastatic murine breast cancer cells (4T1) in 2D monolayer and three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix cultures. Time-resolved 2P-associated anisotropy measurements reveal that the rotational dynamics of free and enzyme-bound NAD(P)H in 4T1 cells are correlated to changes in the metabolic state of 2D and 3D cell cultures. In addition to the type of cell culture, we also investigated the metabolic response of 4T1 cells to treatment with two metabolic inhibitors (MD1 and TPPBr). The statistical analyses of our results enabled us to identify which of the fitting parameters of the observed time-resolved associate anisotropy of cellular NAD(P)H were significantly sensitive to changes in the metabolic state of 4T1 cells. Using a black-box model, the population fractions of free and bound NAD(P)H were used to estimate the corresponding equilibrium constant and the standard Gibbs free energy changes that are associated with underlying metabolic pathways of 4T1 cells in 2D and 3D cultures. These rotational dynamics analyses are in agreement with the standard 2P-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) measurements on the same cell line, cell cultures, and metabolic inhibition. These studies represent an important step towards the development of a noninvasive, time-resolved associated anisotropy to complement 2P-FLIM in order to elucidate the underlying cellular metabolism and metabolic plasticity in more complex in vivo, tumor-like models using intrinsic NADH autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Q Cong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Engineering T cells to enhance 3D migration through structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2815. [PMID: 33990566 PMCID: PMC8121808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22985-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the principles of T cell migration in structurally and mechanically complex tumor microenvironments is critical to understanding escape from antitumor immunity and optimizing T cell-related therapeutic strategies. Here, we engineered nanotextured elastic platforms to study and enhance T cell migration through complex microenvironments and define how the balance between contractility localization-dependent T cell phenotypes influences migration in response to tumor-mimetic structural and mechanical cues. Using these platforms, we characterize a mechanical optimum for migration that can be perturbed by manipulating an axis between microtubule stability and force generation. In 3D environments and live tumors, we demonstrate that microtubule instability, leading to increased Rho pathway-dependent cortical contractility, promotes migration whereas clinically used microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapies profoundly decrease effective migration. We show that rational manipulation of the microtubule-contractility axis, either pharmacologically or through genome engineering, results in engineered T cells that more effectively move through and interrogate 3D matrix and tumor volumes. Thus, engineering cells to better navigate through 3D microenvironments could be part of an effective strategy to enhance efficacy of immune therapeutics. The mechanics of the migration of T cells into tumours is an important aspect of tumour immunity. Here the authors engineer complex 3D environments to explore functions of microtubules and cell contractility as strategies to enhance T cell migration in tumour microenvironments.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang W, Shao S, Xu X, Sun Y, Li P, Liang L, Wu C. LIMD1 phase separation contributes to cellular mechanics and durotaxis by regulating focal adhesion dynamics in response to force. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1313-1325.e7. [PMID: 33891898 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to extracellular mechanical cues through cell-matrix adhesions. Interestingly, the maturation of focal adhesions (FAs) is reciprocally force dependent. How biomechanical cues dictate the status of cell motility and how FAs spatial temporally coordinate force sensing and self-organization remain enigmatic. Here, we identify that LIMD1, a member of the LIM domain scaffolding proteins, undergoes force-sensitive condensation at the FAs. We also unveil that the multivalent interactions of LIMD1 intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and the LIM domains concertedly drive this phase transition under the regulation of phosphorylation. Intriguingly, formation of condensed LIMD1 protein compartments is sufficient to specifically enrich and localize late FA proteins. We further discover that LIMD1 regulates cell spreading, maintains FA dynamics and cellular contractility, and is critical for durotaxis-the ability of cells to crawl along gradients of substrate stiffness. Our results suggest a model that recruitment of LIMD1 to the FAs, via mechanical force triggered inter-molecular interaction, serves as a phase separation hub to assemble and organize matured FAs, thus allowing for efficient mechano-transduction and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - ShiPeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinmin Xu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pilong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Congying Wu
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Beijing 100191, China.
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Ng K, Shea QT, Wong T, Luk ST, Tong M, Lo C, Man K, Yun J, Guan X, Lee TK, Zheng Y, Ma S. Chemotherapy-Enriched THBS2-Deficient Cancer Stem Cells Drive Hepatocarcinogenesis through Matrix Softness Induced Histone H3 Modifications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002483. [PMID: 33717837 PMCID: PMC7927606 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The physical microenvironment is a critical mediator of tumor behavior. However, detailed biological and mechanistic insight is lacking. The present study reveals the role of chemotherapy-enriched CD133+ liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) with THBS2 deficiency. This subpopulation of cells contributes to a more aggressive cancer and functional stemness phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) through the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, collagen degradation, and matrix stiffness. The local soft spots created by these liver CSCs can enhance stemness and drug resistance and provide a route of escape to facilitate HCC metastasis. Interestingly, a positive feed-forward loop is identified where a local soft spot microenvironment in the HCC tumor is enriched with CD133 expressing cells that secrete markedly less ECM-modifying THBS2 upon histone H3 modification at its promoter region, allowing the maintenance of a localized soft spot matrix. Clinically, THBS2 deficiency is also correlated with low HCC survival, where high levels of CSCs with low THBS2 expression in HCC are associated with decreased collagen fiber deposits and an invasive tumor front. The findings have implications for the treatment of cancer stemness and for the prevention of tumor outgrowth through disseminated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Yu Ng
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Queenie T. Shea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Tin‐Lok Wong
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Steve T. Luk
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Man Tong
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Chung‐Mau Lo
- Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518009China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of SurgeryQueen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518009China
| | - Jing‐Ping Yun
- Department of PathologySun Yat‐Sen University Cancer CentreGuangzhouGuangdong510060China
| | - Xin‐Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518009China
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Terence K. Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Yong‐Ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical SciencesLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong ‐ Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong518009China
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Yazdian Kashani S, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Taghipoor M, Kowsari-Esfahan R, Hosseini AA, Montazeri L, Dehghan MM, Gholami H, Farzad-Mohajeri S, Mehrjoo M, Majidi M, Renaud P, Bonakdar S. An integrated microfluidic device for stem cell differentiation based on cell-imprinted substrate designed for cartilage regeneration in a rabbit model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 121:111794. [PMID: 33579444 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Separating cells from the body and cultivating them in vitro will alter the function of cells. Therefore, for optimal cell culture in the laboratory, conditions similar to those of their natural growth should be provided. In previous studies, it has been shown that the use of cellular shape at the culture surface can regulate cellular function. In this work, the efficiency of the imprinting method increased by using microfluidic chip design and fabrication. In this method, first, a cell-imprinted substrate of chondrocytes was made using a microfluidic chip. Afterwards, stem cells were cultured on a cell-imprinted substrate using a second microfluidic chip aligned with the substrate. Therefore, stem cells were precisely placed on the chondrocyte patterns on the substrate and their fibroblast-like morphology was changed to chondrocyte's spherical morphology after 14-days culture in the chip without using any chemical growth factor. After chondrogenic differentiation and in vitro assessments (real-time PCR and immunocytotoxicity), differentiated stem cells were transferred on a collagen-hyaluronic acid scaffold and transplanted in articular cartilage defect of the rabbit. After 6 months, the post-transplantation analysis showed that the articular cartilage defect had been successfully regenerated in differentiated stem cell groups in comparison with the controls. In conclusion, this study showed the potency of the imprinting method for inducing chondrogenicity in stem cells, which can be used in clinical trials due to the safety of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Yazdian Kashani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 1591634311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Keshavarz Moraveji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 1591634311 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Taghipoor
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kowsari-Esfahan
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Dehghan
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Gholami
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzad-Mohajeri
- Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mehrjoo
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Majidi
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Laboratory of Microsystems (LMIS4), École Polytechnique FÉdÉrale de Lausanne, Station 17, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 13169-43551, Tehran, Iran.
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Onfroy-Roy L, Hamel D, Foncy J, Malaquin L, Ferrand A. Extracellular Matrix Mechanical Properties and Regulation of the Intestinal Stem Cells: When Mechanics Control Fate. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122629. [PMID: 33297478 PMCID: PMC7762382 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISC) are crucial players in colon epithelium physiology. The accurate control of their auto-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capacities provides a constant flow of regeneration, maintaining the epithelial intestinal barrier integrity. Under stress conditions, colon epithelium homeostasis in disrupted, evolving towards pathologies such as inflammatory bowel diseases or colorectal cancer. A specific environment, namely the ISC niche constituted by the surrounding mesenchymal stem cells, the factors they secrete and the extracellular matrix (ECM), tightly controls ISC homeostasis. Colon ECM exerts physical constraint on the enclosed stem cells through peculiar topography, stiffness and deformability. However, little is known on the molecular and cellular events involved in ECM regulation of the ISC phenotype and fate. To address this question, combining accurately reproduced colon ECM mechanical parameters to primary ISC cultures such as organoids is an appropriated approach. Here, we review colon ECM physical properties at physiological and pathological states and their bioengineered in vitro reproduction applications to ISC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Onfroy-Roy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
| | - Dimitri Hamel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Julie Foncy
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France; (J.F.); (L.M.)
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence: (L.O.-R.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-5-62-744-522 (A.F.)
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Petroll WM, Varner VD, Schmidtke DW. Keratocyte mechanobiology. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108228. [PMID: 32919993 PMCID: PMC7655662 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In vivo, corneal keratocytes reside within a complex 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of highly aligned collagen lamellae, growth factors, and other extracellular matrix components, and are subjected to various mechanical stimuli during developmental morphogenesis, fluctuations in intraocular pressure, and wound healing. The process by which keratocytes convert changes in mechanical stimuli (e.g. local topography, applied force, ECM stiffness) into biochemical signaling is known as mechanotransduction. Activation of the various mechanotransductive pathways can produce changes in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we review how corneal keratocytes respond to and integrate different biochemical and biophysical factors. We first highlight how growth factors and other cytokines regulate the activity of Rho GTPases, cytoskeletal remodeling, and ultimately the mechanical phenotype of keratocytes. We then discuss how changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM have been shown to regulate keratocyte behavior in sophisticated 2D and 3D experimental models of the corneal microenvironment. Finally, we discuss how ECM topography and protein composition can modulate cell phenotypes, and review the different methods of fabricating in vitro mimics of corneal ECM topography, novel approaches for examining topographical effects in vivo, and the impact of different ECM glycoproteins and proteoglycans on keratocyte behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Matthew Petroll
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Victor D Varner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David W Schmidtke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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49
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Wong SW, Lenzini S, Bargi R, Feng Z, Macaraniag C, Lee JC, Peng Z, Shin J. Controlled Deposition of 3D Matrices to Direct Single Cell Functions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001066. [PMID: 33101850 PMCID: PMC7578851 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in engineered hydrogels reveal how cells sense and respond to 3D biophysical cues. However, most studies rely on interfacing a population of cells in a tissue-scale bulk hydrogel, an approach that overlooks the heterogeneity of local matrix deposition around individual cells. A droplet microfluidic technique to deposit a defined amount of 3D hydrogel matrices around single cells independently of material composition, elasticity, and stress relaxation times is developed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo isotropic volume expansion more rapidly in thinner gels that present an Arg-Gly-Asp integrin ligand. Mathematical modeling and experiments show that MSCs experience higher membrane tension as they expand in thinner gels. Furthermore, thinner gels facilitate osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. By modulating ion channels, it is shown that isotropic volume expansion of single cells predicts intracellular tension and stem cell fate. The results suggest the utility of precise microscale gel deposition to control single cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Wan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Raymond Bargi
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Celine Macaraniag
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - James C. Lee
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Zhangli Peng
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
| | - Jae‐Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60612USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL60607USA
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50
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Ort C, Lee W, Kalashnikov N, Moraes C. Disentangling the fibrous microenvironment: designer culture models for improved drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:159-171. [PMID: 32988224 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1822815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Standard high-throughput screening (HTS) assays rarely identify clinically viable 'hits', likely because cells do not experience physiologically realistic culture conditions. The biophysical nature of the extracellular matrix has emerged as a critical driver of cell function and response and recreating these factors could be critically important in streamlining the drug discovery pipeline. AREAS COVERED The authors review recent design strategies to understand and manipulate biophysical features of three-dimensional fibrous tissues. The effects of architectural parameters of the extracellular matrix and their resulting mechanical behaviors are deconstructed; and their individual and combined impact on cell behavior is examined. The authors then illustrate the potential impact of these physical features on designing next-generation platforms to identify drugs effective against breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Progression toward increased culture complexity must be balanced against the demanding technical requirements for high-throughput screening; and strategies to identify the minimal set of microenvironmental parameters needed to recreate disease-relevant responses must be specifically tailored to the disease stage and organ system being studied. Although challenging, this can be achieved through integrative and multidisciplinary technologies that span microfabrication, cell biology, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley Ort
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Wontae Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Nikita Kalashnikov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada.,Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
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