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Dos Santos DZ, Elbaz M, Branchard E, Schormann W, Brown CE, Meek AR, Njar VCO, Hamilton RJ, Reed MA, Andrews DW, Penn LZ. Sterol-like drugs potentiate statin-triggered prostate cancer cell death by inhibiting SREBP2 nuclear translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116934. [PMID: 38889639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to provide immediate and effective options for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) to prevent progression to lethal castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). The mevalonate (MVA) pathway is dysregulated in PCa, and statin drugs commonly prescribed for hypercholesterolemia, effectively target this pathway. Statins exhibit anti-PCa activity, however the resulting intracellular depletion of cholesterol triggers a feedback loop that restores MVA pathway activity, thus diminishing statin efficacy and contributing to resistance. To identify drugs that block this feedback response and enhance the pro-apoptotic activity of statins, we performed a high-content image-based screen of a 1508 drug library, enriched for FDA-approved compounds. Two of the validated hits, Galeterone (GAL) and Quinestrol, share the cholesterol-related tetracyclic structure, which is also evident in the FDA-approved CRPC drug Abiraterone (ABI). Molecular modeling revealed that GAL, Quinestrol and ABI not only share structural similarity with 25-hydroxy-cholesterol (25HC) but were also predicted to bind similarly to a known protein-binding site of 25HC. This suggested GAL, Quinestrol and ABI are sterol-mimetics and thereby inhibit the statin-induced feedback response. Cell-based assays demonstrated that these agents inhibit nuclear translocation of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) and the transcription of MVA genes. Sensitivity was independent of androgen status and the Fluva-GAL combination significantly impeded CRPC tumor xenograft growth. By identifying cholesterol-mimetic drugs that inhibit SREBP2 activation upon statin treatment, we provide a potent "one-two punch" against CRPC progression and pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies to combat additional diseases whose etiology is associated with SREBP2 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Elbaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emily Branchard
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Wiebke Schormann
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Carla E Brown
- Krembil Research Institute, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Autumn R Meek
- Krembil Research Institute, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Vincent C O Njar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; The Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building,1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Building, 80 St. George Street, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - David W Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Zhang S, Xiao X, Yi Y, Wang X, Zhu L, Shen Y, Lin D, Wu C. Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:149. [PMID: 38890350 PMCID: PMC11189549 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process, with oncogenic mutations in a normal cell conferring clonal advantage as the initial event. However, despite pervasive somatic mutations and clonal expansion in normal tissues, their transformation into cancer remains a rare event, indicating the presence of additional driver events for progression to an irreversible, highly heterogeneous, and invasive lesion. Recently, researchers are emphasizing the mechanisms of environmental tumor risk factors and epigenetic alterations that are profoundly influencing early clonal expansion and malignant evolution, independently of inducing mutations. Additionally, clonal evolution in tumorigenesis reflects a multifaceted interplay between cell-intrinsic identities and various cell-extrinsic factors that exert selective pressures to either restrain uncontrolled proliferation or allow specific clones to progress into tumors. However, the mechanisms by which driver events induce both intrinsic cellular competency and remodel environmental stress to facilitate malignant transformation are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genetic, epigenetic, and external driver events, and their effects on the co-evolution of the transformed cells and their ecosystem during tumor initiation and early malignant evolution. A deeper understanding of the earliest molecular events holds promise for translational applications, predicting individuals at high-risk of tumor and developing strategies to intercept malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaosen Zhang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglin Yi
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Shen
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Genomic Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100006, Beijing, China.
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3
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Gretschel J, El Hage R, Wang R, Chen Y, Pietzner A, Loew A, Leineweber CG, Wördemann J, Rohwer N, Weylandt KH, Schmöcker C. Harnessing Oxylipins and Inflammation Modulation for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5408. [PMID: 38791445 PMCID: PMC11121665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most malignant. The incidence of CRC has been increasing with time, and it is reported that Westernized diet and lifestyle play a significant role in its higher incidence and rapid progression. The intake of high amounts of omega-6 (n - 6) PUFAs and low levels of omega-3 (n - 3) PUFAs has an important role in chronic inflammation and cancer progression, which could be associated with the increase in CRC prevalence. Oxylipins generated from PUFAs are bioactive lipid mediators and have various functions, especially in inflammation and proliferation. Carcinogenesis is often a consequence of chronic inflammation, and evidence has shown the particular involvement of n - 6 PUFA arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins in CRC, which is further described in this review. A deeper understanding of the role and metabolism of PUFAs by their modifying enzymes, their pathways, and the corresponding oxylipins may allow us to identify new approaches to employ oxylipin-associated immunomodulation to enhance immunotherapy in cancer. This paper summarizes oxylipins identified in the context of the initiation, development, and metastasis of CRC. We further explore CRC chemo-prevention strategies that involve oxylipins as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Gretschel
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Racha El Hage
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, Fehrbelliner Str. 38, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yifang Chen
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Pietzner
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Loew
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Can G. Leineweber
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jonas Wördemann
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nadine Rohwer
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Medical Department, Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Karsten H. Weylandt
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmöcker
- Medical Department B, Division of Hepatology, Gastroenterology, Oncology, Hematology, Palliative Care, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital Ruppin-Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany (R.E.H.); (Y.C.); (A.P.); (A.L.); (C.G.L.); (J.W.); (N.R.); (K.H.W.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Brandenburg Medical School and University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Ding W, Chen L, Xia J, Pei B, Song B, Li X. Causal association between lipid-lowering drugs and cancers: A drug target Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38010. [PMID: 38701318 PMCID: PMC11062692 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have indicated that lipid-lowering drugs have effect for the treatment of cancers. However, causal associations between lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of cancers are still unclear. In our study, we utilized single nucleotide polymorphisms of proprotein convertase subtilis kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-assisted enzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors and performed a drug target Mendelian randomization to explore the causal association between lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of cancers. Five regression methods were carried out, including inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode methods, of which IVW method was considered as the main analysis. Our outcome dataset contained the risk of breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung cancer, esophageal cancer, prostate cancer (PC), and skin cancer (SC). Our results demonstrated that PCSK9 inhibitors were significant associated with a decreased effect of GC [IVW: OR = 0.482, 95% CI: 0.264-0.879, P = .017]. Besides, genetic inhibitions of HMGCR were significant correlated with an increased effect of BC [IVW: OR = 1.421, 95% CI: 1.056-1.911, P = .020], PC [IVW: OR = 1.617, 95% CI: 1.234-2.120, P = .0005] and SC [IVW: OR = 1.266, 95% CI: 1.022-1.569, P = .031]. For GC [IVW: OR = 0.559, 95% CI: 0.382-0.820, P = .0029] and HCC [IVW: OR = 0.241, 95% CI: 0.085-0.686, P = .0077], HMGCR inhibitors had a protective risk. Our method suggested that PCSK9 inhibitors were significant associated with a protective effect of GC. Genetic inhibitions of HMGCR were significant correlated with an increased effect of BC, PC and SC. Meanwhile, HMGCR inhibitors had a protective risk of GC and HCC. Subsequent studies still needed to assess potential effects between lipid-lowering drugs and the risk of cancers with clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bei Pei
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Holmberg D, Kauppila JH, Asplund J, Leijonmarck W, Mattsson F, Lagergren J. Statin use in relation to long-term survival after gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma: a Swedish population-based cohort study. Gastric Cancer 2024; 27:590-597. [PMID: 38430275 PMCID: PMC11016510 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that medication with statins improves survival in patients with gastric cancer, but methodological issues have limited the interpretability and prohibited conclusive results. We aimed to provide valid evidence as to whether statin use improves survival of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS This nationwide and population-based cohort study included virtually all patients who underwent curatively intended surgery (gastrectomy) for gastric adenocarcinoma in Sweden between 2006 and 2015 with follow-up throughout 2019 for disease-specific mortality and 2020 for all-cause mortality. Data came from medical records and national healthcare registries. The exposure was statin use during the year prior to gastrectomy which was compared to no such use during the same period. The outcomes were 5-year disease-specific mortality (main) and 5-year all-cause mortality (secondary). Multivariable Cox regression provided hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, calendar year, comorbidity, low-dose aspirin use, tumour sublocation, pathological tumour stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, annual surgeon volume, and surgical radicality. RESULTS Among 1515 participating patients, the mean age was 69 years and 58.4% were men. Statin use, identified in 399 (26.3%) patients, was not associated with any statistically significantly decreased 5-year disease-specific mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82-1.21) or 5-year all-cause mortality (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79-1.12). No risk reductions were found across subgroups of age, sex, aspirin user status, or tumour stage, or in patients with long-term preoperative of postoperative use of statins, all with point estimates close to 1. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative use of statins does not seem to improve the 5-year survival in patients who undergo gastrectomy with curative intent for gastric adenocarcinoma in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joonas H Kauppila
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Asplund
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wilhelm Leijonmarck
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Retzius Street 13A, 4th Floor, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Cancer and Pharmacological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Cho HJ, Lee E, Kim SS, Cheong JY. SGLT2i impact on HCC incidence in patients with fatty liver disease and diabetes: a nation-wide cohort study in South Korea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9761. [PMID: 38684838 PMCID: PMC11058854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on cancer development, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in individuals with concomitant fatty liver disease (FLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Using data from Korea's Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we performed Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and T2DM (NAFLD-T2DM cohort) and those with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) alongside FLD and T2DM (FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort). In the propensity score (PS) matched NAFLD-T2DM cohort (N = 107,972), SGLT2i use was not associated with the occurrence of overall cancer, including HCC. However, old age, male sex, liver cirrhosis, and hypothyroidism were identified as independent risk factors for HCC occurrence, whereas statin and fibrate usage were associated with reduced HCC risk in this cohort in multivariate Cox analysis. In the PS-matched FLD-T2DM-CVH cohort (N = 2798), a significant decrease in HCC occurrence was observed among SGLT2i users (P = 0.03). This finding remained consistent in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (Hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-4.85, P = 0.048). In conclusion, SGLT2i may be a beneficial option for diabetes management in patients with concomitant T2DM, FLD, and CVH while affirming the overall safety of SGLT2i in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Cho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Soon Sun Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Cheong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Worldcup-ro 164, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mehraj V, Chen J, Routy JP. Effects of statins beyond lipid-lowering agents in ART-treated HIV infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339338. [PMID: 38655259 PMCID: PMC11035727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies (ART) have reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-associated morbidity and mortality improving the life of people with HIV (PWH). However, ART lead to residual HIV production, which in conjunction with microbial translocation and immune dysfunction contributes to chronic inflammation and immune activation. PWH on ART remain at an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including myocardial infarction and stroke; which in part is explained by chronic inflammation and immune activation. Lifestyle factors and certain ART are associated with dyslipidemia characterized by an increase of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which further contributes in the increased risk for CVDs. Lipid-lowering agents like statins are emerging as immune modulators in decreasing inflammation in a variety of conditions including HIV. The international randomized clinical trial REPRIEVE has shed light on the reduction of CVDs with statin therapy among PWH. Such reports indicate a more than expected benefit of statins beyond their lipid-lowering effects. Bempedoic acid, a first-in-class non-statin LDL-lowering drug with immune modulatory effects, may further aid PWH in combination with statins. Herein, we critically reviewed studies aimed at lipid-lowering and immune-modulating roles of statins that may benefit aging PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Mehraj
- Research Centre McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Research Centre McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Dumas E, Grandal Rejo B, Gougis P, Houzard S, Abécassis J, Jochum F, Marande B, Ballesta A, Del Nery E, Dubois T, Alsafadi S, Asselain B, Latouche A, Espie M, Laas E, Coussy F, Bouchez C, Pierga JY, Le Bihan-Benjamin C, Bousquet PJ, Hotton J, Azencott CA, Reyal F, Hamy AS. Concomitant medication, comorbidity and survival in patients with breast cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2966. [PMID: 38580683 PMCID: PMC10997660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Between 30% and 70% of patients with breast cancer have pre-existing chronic conditions, and more than half are on long-term non-cancer medication at the time of diagnosis. Preliminary epidemiological evidence suggests that some non-cancer medications may affect breast cancer risk, recurrence, and survival. In this nationwide cohort study, we assessed the association between medication use at breast cancer diagnosis and survival. We included 235,368 French women with newly diagnosed non-metastatic breast cancer. In analyzes of 288 medications, we identified eight medications positively associated with either overall survival or disease-free survival: rabeprazole, alverine, atenolol, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, estriol (vaginal or transmucosal), nomegestrol, and hypromellose; and eight medications negatively associated with overall survival or disease-free survival: ferrous fumarate, prednisolone, carbimazole, pristinamycin, oxazepam, alprazolam, hydroxyzine, and mianserin. Full results are available online from an interactive platform ( https://adrenaline.curie.fr ). This resource provides hypotheses for drugs that may naturally influence breast cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dumas
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Beatriz Grandal Rejo
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Paul Gougis
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Houzard
- Health Data and Assessment, Health Survey Data Science and Assessment Division, French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer INCa), 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Judith Abécassis
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
- INRIA, Paris-Saclay University, CEA, Palaiseau, 91120, France
| | - Floriane Jochum
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
- Department of Gynecology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Marande
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- INSERM UMR-S 900, Institut Curie, MINES ParisTech CBIO, PSL Research University, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Elaine Del Nery
- Département de Recherche Translationnelle - Plateforme Biophenics, PICT-IBISA, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Institut Curie - PSL Research University Translational Research Department Breast Cancer Biology Group 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Samar Alsafadi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Uveal Melanoma Group, Translational Research Department, Paris, France
| | | | - Aurélien Latouche
- INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 900, Institut Curie, MINES ParisTech CBIO, PSL Research University, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - Marc Espie
- Breast diseases Center Hôpital saint Louis APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Enora Laas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Florence Coussy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Bouchez
- Breast diseases Center Hôpital saint Louis APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christine Le Bihan-Benjamin
- Health Data and Assessment, Health Survey Data Science and Assessment Division, French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer INCa), 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe-Jean Bousquet
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 13005, Marseille, France
- Health Survey Data Science and Assessment Division, French National Cancer Institute (Institut National du Cancer INCa), 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Chloé-Agathe Azencott
- INSERM, U900, 75005, Paris, France
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CBIO-Centre for Computational Biology, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France.
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France.
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jean Godinot, Reims, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Hamy
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, Translational Research Department, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Université Paris Cité, F-75005, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Université Paris Cité, Institut Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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9
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Bagasariya D, Charankumar K, Shah S, Famta P, Fernandes V, Shahrukh S, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Quality by design endorsed atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers embedded in pH-responsive gel for melanoma. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:27-44. [PMID: 37982590 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2282971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to repurpose atorvastatin for melanoma by encapsulating in a nanostructured lipid carrier matrix to promote tumour cell internalisation and skin permeation. pH-responsive chitosan gel was employed to restrict At-NLCs in upper dermal layers. METHODS We utilised a quality by design approach for encapsulating At within the NLC matrix. Further, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was evaluated along with pH-responsive release and ex vivo skin permeation. RESULTS Cytotoxicity assay showed 3.13-fold enhanced cytotoxicity on melanoma cells compared to plain drug with nuclear staining showing apoptotic markers. In vitro, release studies showed 5.9-fold rapid release in chitosan gel matrix at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. CONCLUSIONS At-NLCs prevented precipitation, promoted skin permeation, and SK-MEL 28 cell internalisation. The localisation of NLCs on the upper dermal layer due to electrostatic interactions of skin with chitosan gel diminished the incidence of untoward systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kondasingh Charankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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10
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Zahedipour F, Hosseini SA, Reiner Ž, Tedeschi-Reiner E, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Therapeutic Effects of Statins: Promising Drug for Topical and Transdermal Administration. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3149-3166. [PMID: 37157198 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230508141434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. They are well tolerated, and because of their LDL-C-lowering effect, they are utilized to decrease the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, statins have pleiotropic effects, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer. Currently, oral administration is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved route of administration for statins. However, other administration routes have demonstrated promising results in different pre-clinical and clinical studies. For instance, statins also seem beneficial in dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, hirsutism, uremic pruritus, and graft-versus-host disease. Topically applied statins have been studied to treat seborrhea, acne, rhinophyma, and rosacea. They also have beneficial effects in contact dermatitis and wound healing in animal studies, (HIV) infection, osseointegration, porokeratosis, and some ophthalmologic diseases. Topical and transdermal application of statins is a non-invasive drug administration method that has shown significant results in bypassing the first-pass metabolism in the liver, thereby reducing possible adverse effects. This study reviews the multifaceted molecular and cellular impacts of statins, their topical and transdermal application, novel delivery systems, such as nanosystems for topical and transdermal administration and the challenges concerning this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyede Atefe Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- University Hospital Center Zagreb, Department of Internal Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Belakova B, Wedige NK, Awad EM, Hess S, Oszwald A, Fellner M, Khan SY, Resch U, Lipovac M, Šmejkal K, Uhrin P, Breuss JM. Lipophilic Statins Eliminate Senescent Endothelial Cells by inducing Anoikis-Related Cell Death. Cells 2023; 12:2836. [PMID: 38132158 PMCID: PMC10742095 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies from the recent past have indicated that senescent cells can negatively affect health and contribute to premature aging. Targeted eradication of these cells has been shown to improve the health of aged experimental animals, leading to a clinical interest in finding compounds that selectively eliminate senescent cells while sparing non-senescent ones. In our study, we identified a senolytic capacity of statins, which are lipid-lowering drugs prescribed to patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. Using two different models of senescence in human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), we found that statins preferentially eliminated senescent cells, while leaving non-senescent cells unharmed. We observed that the senolytic effect of statins could be negated with the co-administration of mevalonic acid and that statins induced cell detachment leading to anoikis-like apoptosis, as evidenced by real-time visualization of caspase-3/7 activation. Our findings suggest that statins possess a senolytic property, possibly also contributing to their described beneficial cardiovascular effects. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of short-term, high-dose statin treatment as a candidate senolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Belakova
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Nicholas K. Wedige
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Ezzat M. Awad
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Hess
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - André Oszwald
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Fellner
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Shafaat Y. Khan
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ulrike Resch
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Markus Lipovac
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Cell-Based Therapy in Gynecology, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
| | - Johannes M. Breuss
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (E.M.A.); (A.O.); (S.Y.K.); (U.R.)
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12
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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13
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Seol S, Choi JR, Choi B, Kim S, Jeon JY, Park KN, Park JH, Park MW, Eun YG, Park JJ, Lee BJ, Shin YS, Kim CH, Park RW, Jang JY. Effect of statin use on head and neck cancer prognosis in a multicenter study using a Common Data Model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19770. [PMID: 37957229 PMCID: PMC10643676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have found an association between statin use and head and neck cancer (HNC) outcomes. We examined the effect of statin use on HNC recurrence using the converted Observational Medical Outcome Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM) in seven hospitals between 1986 and 2022. Among the 9,473,551 eligible patients, we identified 4669 patients with HNC, of whom 398 were included in the target cohort, and 4271 were included in the control cohort after propensity score matching. A Cox proportional regression model was used. Of the 4669 patients included, 398 (8.52%) previously received statin prescriptions. Statin use was associated with a reduced rate of 3- and 5-year HNC recurrence compared to propensity score-matched controls (risk ratio [RR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-1.03; and RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.70-1.12, respectively). Nevertheless, the association between statin use and HNC recurrence was not statistically significant. A meta-analysis of recurrence based on subgroups, including age subgroups, showed similar trends. The results of this propensity-matched cohort study may not provide a statistically significant association between statin use and a lower risk of HNC recurrence. Further retrospective studies using nationwide claims data and prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobeen Seol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ran Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungryeal Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Nam Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Eun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University and Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeon Yeob Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, 164 World cup-ro Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Beton-Mysur K, Brożek-Płuska B. A new modality for cholesterol impact tracking in colon cancer development - Raman imaging, fluorescence and AFM studies combined with chemometric analysis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5199-5217. [PMID: 37781815 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, high consumption of red or processed meat and a diet with low fibre, fruit, and vegetable intake increase CRC risk. Despite advances in surgery (the basic treatment for recovery), chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, CRC remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Therefore the social importance of this problem stimulates research aimed at developing new tools for rapid CRC diagnosis and analysis of CRC risk factors. Considering the association between the cholesterol level and CRC, we hypothesize that cholesterol spectroscopic and AFM (atomic force microscopy) studies combined with chemometric analysis can be new, powerful tools used to visualize the cholesterol distribution, estimate cholesterol content and determine its influence on the biochemical and nanomechanical properties of colon cells. Our paper presents the analysis of human colon tissues: normal and cancer and human colon single cells normal CCD18-Co and cancer CaCo-2 in the physiological state and CaCo-2 upon mevastatin supplementation. Based on vibrational features we have shown that Raman spectroscopy and imaging allow cholesterol content in human colon tissues and human colon single cells of both types to be tracked and allow the effectiveness of mevastatin in the mevalonate pathway modulation and disruption of the cholesterol level to be proven. All observations have been confirmed by chemometric analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA). The positive impact of statins on cholesterol content has also been studied by using fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant increase in Young modulus as a mechanomarker for CaCo-2 human cancer colon cells upon mevastatin supplementation compared to CCD18-Co human normal colon cells was observed. This paper is one of the first reports about the use of Raman spectroscopic techniques in cholesterol investigations and the first one about cholesterol investigation using Raman spectroscopy (RS) on human cells ex vivo in the context of colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beton-Mysur
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - B Brożek-Płuska
- Lodz University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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15
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Halma MTJ, Tuszynski JA, Marik PE. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4245. [PMID: 37836529 PMCID: PMC10574675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be affected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have an altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Halma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EbMC Squared CIC, Bath BA2 4BL, UK
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-1029 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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16
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Nguyen QTN, Nguyen P, Wang C, Phuc PT, Lin R, Hung C, Kuo N, Cheng Y, Lin S, Hsieh Z, Cheng C, Hsu M, Hsu JC. Machine learning approaches for predicting 5-year breast cancer survival: A multicenter study. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4063-4072. [PMID: 37489252 PMCID: PMC10551582 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study used clinical data to develop a prediction model for breast cancer survival. Breast cancer prognostic factors were explored using machine learning techniques. We conducted a retrospective study using data from the Taipei Medical University Clinical Research Database, which contains electronic medical records from three affiliated hospitals in Taiwan. The study included female patients aged over 20 years who were diagnosed with primary breast cancer and had medical records in hospitals between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2020. The data were divided into training and external testing datasets. Nine different machine learning algorithms were applied to develop the models. The performances of the algorithms were measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and F1-score. A total of 3914 patients were included in the study. The highest AUC of 0.95 was observed with the artificial neural network model (accuracy, 0.90; sensitivity, 0.71; specificity, 0.73; PPV, 0.28; NPV, 0.94; and F1-score, 0.37). Other models showed relatively high AUC, ranging from 0.75 to 0.83. According to the optimal model results, cancer stage, tumor size, diagnosis age, surgery, and body mass index were the most critical factors for predicting breast cancer survival. The study successfully established accurate 5-year survival predictive models for breast cancer. Furthermore, the study found key factors that could affect breast cancer survival in Taiwanese women. Its results might be used as a reference for the clinical practice of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Thi Nhu Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Phung‐Anh Nguyen
- Clinical Data Center, Office of Data ScienceTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research CenterTaipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Jung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Phan Thanh Phuc
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Ruo‐Kai Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chin‐Sheng Hung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Nei‐Hui Kuo
- Oncology CenterTaipei Medical University HospitalTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Shwu‐Jiuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of PharmacyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Zong‐You Hsieh
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Tsun Cheng
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Min‐Huei Hsu
- Clinical Data Center, Office of Data ScienceTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Jason C. Hsu
- Clinical Data Center, Office of Data ScienceTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research CenterTaipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Research Center of Health Care Industry Data Science, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biotech and Healthcare Management, College of ManagementTaipei Medical UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
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17
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Hershey BJ, Barozzi S, Orsenigo F, Pompei S, Iannelli F, Kamrad S, Matafora V, Pisati F, Calabrese L, Fragale G, Salvadori G, Martini E, Totaro MG, Magni S, Guan R, Parazzoli D, Maiuri P, Bachi A, Patil KR, Cosentino Lagomarsino M, Havas KM. Clonal cooperation through soluble metabolite exchange facilitates metastatic outgrowth by modulating Allee effect. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4184. [PMID: 37713487 PMCID: PMC10881076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancers feature substantial intratumoral heterogeneity of genetic and phenotypically distinct lineages. Although interactions between coexisting lineages are emerging as a potential contributor to tumor evolution, the extent and nature of these interactions remain largely unknown. We postulated that tumors develop ecological interactions that sustain diversity and facilitate metastasis. Using a combination of fluorescent barcoding, mathematical modeling, metabolic analysis, and in vivo models, we show that the Allee effect, i.e., growth dependency on population size, is a feature of tumor lineages and that cooperative ecological interactions between lineages alleviate the Allee barriers to growth in a model of triple-negative breast cancer. Soluble metabolite exchange formed the basis for these cooperative interactions and catalyzed the establishment of a polyclonal community that displayed enhanced metastatic dissemination and outgrowth in xenograft models. Our results highlight interclonal metabolite exchange as a key modulator of tumor ecology and a contributing factor to overcoming Allee effect-associated growth barriers to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Barozzi
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pompei
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Magni
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Rui Guan
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dario Parazzoli
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM ETS The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
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18
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Michalek IM, Graff RE, Sanchez A, Choueiri TK, Cho E, Preston MA, Wilson KM. Evaluation of statin use and renal cell carcinoma risk identifies sex-specific associations with RCC subtypes. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:988-993. [PMID: 37482537 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2238883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: The association between statin use and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been debated. We aimed to evaluate whether statin use is associated with RCC risk.Material and methods: We studied 100,195 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) from 1994 to 2016; 91,427 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) from 1999 to 2015; and 45,433 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) from 1990 to 2016. Statins and covariate data were collected at baseline and then biennially. Outcome was measured as incidence of total RCC and clinically relevant disease subgroups. Cox proportional hazards models estimated covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: During follow-up, 661 participants developed RCC. There was no significant association between the use of statins and the risk of overall RCC, fatal RCC, or advanced or localized disease. Across cohorts, the adjusted HR for ever vs. never users was 0.97 (95% CI 0.81-1.16). Female ever users of statins were at increased risk of high-grade disease in the NHS only (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.85). Among men only, ≥4 years of statin use was associated with an increased risk of clear cell RCC (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.47).Conclusions: Statin use was not associated with the overall risk of RCC. However, it was associated with an increased risk of high-grade disease among women in the NHS cohort and an increased risk of clear cell RCC among men. The reasons for these inconsistent results by sex are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Maria Michalek
- Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Sanchez
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Huntsman Cancer Institute and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, The Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Mark A Preston
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Khan S, Chang SH, Seyerle AA, Wang M, Hicks V, Drake BF. Post-diagnostic metformin and statin use and risk of biochemical recurrence in Veterans diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate 2023; 83:1150-1157. [PMID: 37191401 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of post-diagnostic metformin or statin use and duration on risk of biochemical recurrence in a racially-diverse cohort of Veterans. METHODS The population consisted of men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Veterans Health Administration and treated with either radical prostatectomy or radiation (Full cohort n = 65,759, Black men n = 18,817, White men n = 46,631, Other = 311). The association between post-diagnostic (1) metformin and (2) statin use with biochemical recurrence was assessed using multivariable, time-varying Cox Proportional Hazard Models for the overall cohort and by race. In a secondary analysis, metformin and statin duration were evaluated. RESULTS Post-diagnostic metformin use was not associated with biochemical recurrence (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94, 1.09), with similar results observed for both Black and White men. However, duration of metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of biochemical recurrence in the cohort overall (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.95) as well as both Black and White men. By contrast, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of biochemical recurrence (HR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.88) in the overall cohort as well as both White and Black men. Duration of statin use was also inversely associated with biochemical recurrence in all groups. CONCLUSION Post-diagnostic metformin and statin use have the potential to prevent biochemical recurrence in men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Epidemiology Program, College of Heath Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Amanda A Seyerle
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Veronica Hicks
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Chen WM, Yu YH, Chen M, Shia BC, Wu SY. Statin Use During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy With Improved Survival Outcomes in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1082-1093. [PMID: 37085031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the effect of statin use during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) on overall survival and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)-specific survival in patients with ESCC receiving standard CCRT. METHODS In this propensity score-matching cohort study, we used data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and National Health Insurance Research Database to investigate the effects of statin use during the period of CCRT on overall survival and ESCC-specific survival. RESULTS Statin use during the period of CCRT was found to be a considerable and independent prognostic factor for overall survival and ESCC-specific survival. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for all-cause mortality in the statin group compared with that of the non-statin group was 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.84, p = 0.0009). The aHR for ESCC-specific mortality in the statin group compared with that of the non-statin group was 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.47-0.84, p = 0.0016). The use of hydrophilic statins such as rosuvastatin and pravastatin was associated with the greatest survival benefits. A dose-response relationship was also found, with higher cumulative defined daily doses and higher daily intensity of statin use associated with lower mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to reveal that statin use during the period of CCRT for ESCC is associated with improvement in overall survival and ESCC-specific survival. In addition, we found that use of rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin was associated with better survival outcomes for patients with ESCC receiving CCRT. Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship of statin use associated with lower ESCC-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Mingchih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Chang Shia
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Radiation Oncology, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Big Data Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan; Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Management, College of Management, Fo Guang University, Yilan, Taiwan.
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21
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Samaddar S, Buckles D, Saha S, Zhang Q, Bansal A. Translating Molecular Biology Discoveries to Develop Targeted Cancer Interception in Barrett's Esophagus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11318. [PMID: 37511077 PMCID: PMC10379200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a rapidly increasing lethal tumor. It commonly arises from a metaplastic segment known as Barrett's esophagus (BE), which delineates the at-risk population. Ample research has elucidated the pathogenesis of BE and its progression from metaplasia to invasive carcinoma; and multiple molecular pathways have been implicated in this process, presenting several points of cancer interception. Here, we explore the mechanisms of action of various agents, including proton pump inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, and statins, and explain their roles in cancer interception. Data from the recent AspECT trial are discussed to determine how viable a multipronged approach to cancer chemoprevention would be. Further, novel concepts, such as the repurposing of chemotherapeutic drugs like dasatinib and the prevention of post-ablation BE recurrence using itraconazole, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Samaddar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Daniel Buckles
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Souvik Saha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Qiuyang Zhang
- Center for Esophageal Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
- Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Ajay Bansal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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22
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Guittin C, Maçna F, Barreau A, Poitou X, Sablayrolles JM, Mouret JR, Farines V. The aromatic profile of wine distillates from Ugni blanc grape musts is influenced by the nitrogen nutrition (organic vs. inorganic) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Microbiol 2023; 111:104193. [PMID: 36681397 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the impact of nitrogen nutrition on the production of fermentative aromas in oenological fermentation is well known today, one may wonder whether the effects studied are the same when winemaking takes place at high turbidities, specifically for the production of wines intended for cognac distillation. To that effect, a fermentation robot was used to analyze 30 different fermentation conditions at two turbidity levels with several factors tested: (i) initial addition of nitrogen either organic (with a mixture of amino acids - MixAA) or inorganic with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) at different concentrations, (ii) variation of the ratio of inorganic/organic nitrogen (MixAA and DAP) and (iii) addition of different single amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid). A metabolomic analysis was carried out on all resulting wines to have a global vision of the impact of nitrogen on more than sixty aromatic molecules of various families. Then, at the end of the alcoholic fermentation, the wines were micro-distilled. A first interesting observation was that the aroma profiles of both wines and distillates were close, indicating that the concentration factor is rather similar for the different aromas studied. Secondly, the fermentation kinetics and aroma results have shown that the nitrogen concentration effect prevailed over the nature of nitrogen. Although the lipid concentration was in excess, an interaction between the assimilable nitrogen and lipid contents was still observed in wines or in micro-distillates. Alanine is involved in the synthesis of acetaldehyde, isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol and isoamyl acetate. Finally, it was demonstrated that modifying the ratio of assimilable nitrogen in musts is not an interesting technological response to improve the aromatic profile of wines and brandies. Indeed, unbalance the physiological ratio of the must by adding a single source of assimilable nitrogen (organic or inorganic) has been shown to deregulate the synthesis of most of the fermentation aromas produced by the yeast. Wine metabolomic analysis confirmed the results that had been observed in micro-distillates but also in the other aromatic families, especially on terpenes. The contribution of solid particles, but also yeast biosynthesis (via sterol management in must) to wine terpenes is discussed. Indeed, the synthesis of terpenes in this oenological context seems to be favored, especially since the concentration of assimilable nitrogen (in addition to the lipid content) favor their accumulation in the medium. A non-negligible vintage effect on the terpene profile was also demonstrated with variations in their distribution depending on the years. Thus, the present study focuses on the metabolism of wine yeasts under different environmental conditions (nitrogen and lipid content) and on the impact of distillation on the fate of flavor compounds. The results highlight once again the complexity of metabolic fluxes and of the impact of nitrogen source (nature and amount) and of lipids. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that beyond the varietal origin of terpenes, the part resulting from the de novo synthesis by the yeast during the fermentation cannot be neglected in the context of cognac winemaking with high levels of turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Guittin
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Faïza Maçna
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Roch Mouret
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Vincent Farines
- SPO, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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23
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Lazzaro A, Hartshorn KL. A Comprehensive Narrative Review on the History, Current Landscape, and Future Directions of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Systemic Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092506. [PMID: 37173972 PMCID: PMC10177076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive review of current approved systemic treatment strategies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), starting with the phase III clinical trial of sorafenib which was the first to definitively show a survival benefit. After this trial, there was an initial period of little progress. However, in recent years, an explosion of new agents and combinations of agents has resulted in a markedly improved outlook for patients. We then provide the authors' current approach to therapy, i.e., "How We Treat HCC". Promising future directions and important gaps in therapy that persist are finally reviewed. HCC is a highly prevalent cancer worldwide and the incidence is growing due not only to alcoholism, hepatitis B and C, but also to steatohepatitis. HCC, like renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, is a cancer largely resistant to chemotherapy but the advent of anti-angiogenic, targeted and immune therapies have improved survival for all of these cancers. We hope this review will heighten interest in the field of HCC therapies, provide a clear outline of the current data and strategy for treatment, and sensitize readers to new developments that are likely to emerge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lazzaro
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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24
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Khezri MR, Mohebalizadeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Therapeutic potential of ADAM10 modulation in Alzheimer's disease: a review of the current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36918870 PMCID: PMC10012555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by loss of neurons and synapses in central nervous system. Several causes for neuronal death in AD have been introduced, the most important of which are extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and aggregated tau proteins. Increasing evidence suggest that targeting the process of Aβ production to reduce its deposition can serve as a therapeutic option for AD management. In this regard, therapeutic interventions shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) 10, involved in non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein processing, is known to be a suitable candidate. Therefore, this review aims to examine the molecular properties of ADAM10, its role in AD, and introduce it as a therapeutic target to reduce the progression of the disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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25
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Takada K, Kashiwagi S, Iimori N, Kouhashi R, Yabumoto A, Goto W, Asano Y, Tauchi Y, Morisaki T, Ogisawa K, Shibutani M, Tanaka H, Maeda K. Impact of oral statin therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with cT1 breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:224. [PMID: 36894884 PMCID: PMC9999569 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A previous meta-analysis examining the relationship between statin use and breast cancer reported that the inhibitory effect of statins on breast cancer may be more pronounced in early-stage cases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of hyperlipidemia treatment at the time of breast cancer diagnosis and to examine its correlation with metastasis to axillary lymph nodes among patients with so-called cT1 breast cancer whose primary lesion was 2 cm or less and was pathologically evaluated by sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection. We also investigated the effects of hyperlipidemic drugs on the prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer. METHODS After excluding cases that did not meet the criteria, we analyzed data from 719 patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer, with a primary lesion of 2 cm or less identified by preoperative imaging, and who underwent surgery without preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS Regarding hyperlipidemia drugs, no correlation was found between statin use and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.226), although a correlation was found between lipophilic statin use and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.042). Also, the disease-free survival periods were prolonged following treatment of hyperlipidemia (p = 0.047, hazard ratio: 0.399) and statin administration (p = 0.028, hazard ratio: 0.328). CONCLUSION In cT1 breast cancer, the results suggest that oral statin therapy may contribute to favorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takada
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kashiwagi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
| | - Nozomi Iimori
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Rika Kouhashi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Akimichi Yabumoto
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wataru Goto
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Asano
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukie Tauchi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tamami Morisaki
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kana Ogisawa
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masatsune Shibutani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
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Radiolabeling of statistically optimized nanosized atorvastatin suspension for liver targeting and extensive imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shah PA, Patil R, Harrison SA. NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma: The growing challenge. Hepatology 2023; 77:323-338. [PMID: 35478412 PMCID: PMC9970023 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. With the obesity pandemic, NAFLD-related HCC is contributing to the burden of disease exponentially. Genetic predisposition and clinical risk factors for NAFLD-related HCC have been identified. Cirrhosis is a well-known and major risk factor for NAFLD-related HCC. However, the occurrence of NAFLD-related HCC in patients without cirrhosis is increasingly recognized and poses a significant challenge regarding cancer surveillance. It is of paramount importance to develop optimal risk stratification scores and models to identify subsets of the population at high risk so they can be enrolled in surveillance programs. In this review, we will discuss the risks and prediction models for NAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pir Ahmad Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rashmee Patil
- South Texas Research Institute, Edinburg, Texas, USA
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Genetic Alterations and Deregulation of Hippo Pathway as a Pathogenetic Mechanism in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246211. [PMID: 36551696 PMCID: PMC9776600 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of developmental biology with a key role in tissue and organ size regulation under homeostatic conditions. Like other signaling pathways with a significant role in embryonic development, the deregulation of Hippo signaling contributes to oncogenesis. Central to the Hippo pathway is a conserved cascade of adaptor proteins and inhibitory kinases that converge and regulate the activity of the oncoproteins YAP and TAZ, the final transducers of the pathway. Elevated levels and aberrant activation of YAP and TAZ have been described in many cancers. Though most of the studies describe their pervasive activation in epithelial neoplasms, there is increasing evidence pointing out its relevance in mesenchymal malignancies as well. Interestingly, somatic or germline mutations in genes of the Hippo pathway are scarce compared to other signaling pathways that are frequently disrupted in cancer. However, in the case of sarcomas, several examples of genetic alteration of Hippo members, including gene fusions, have been described during the last few years. Here, we review the current knowledge of Hippo pathway implication in sarcoma, describing mechanistic hints recently reported in specific histological entities and how these alterations represent an opportunity for targeted therapy in this heterogeneous group of neoplasm.
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The prognosis of lipid reprogramming with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, rosuvastatin, in castrated Egyptian prostate cancer patients: Randomized trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278282. [PMID: 36480560 PMCID: PMC9731457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The role of surgical castration and rosuvastatin treatment on lipid profile and lipid metabolism related markers was evaluated for their prognostic significance in metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) patients. METHODS A total of 84 newly diagnosed castrated mPC patients treated with castration were recruited and divided into two groups: Group I served as control (statin non-users) while group II treated with Rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) for 6 months and served as statin users. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Caveolin-1 (CAV1), lipid profile (LDL, HDL, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC)) and lipid metabolism related markers (aldoketoreductase (AKR1C4), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and soluble low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 1 (SLDLRP1)) were measured at baseline, after 3 and 6 months. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and COX regression for prognostic significance. RESULTS Before castration, HMG-CoA reductase was elevated in patients <65 years (P = 0.009). Bone metastasis was associated with high PSA level (P = 0.013), but low HMGCR (P = 0.004). Patients with positive family history for prostate cancer showed high levels of EGFR, TG, TC, LDL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), but low AKR1C4, SLDLRP1, CAV1 and ABCA-1 levels. Smokers had high CAV1 level (P = 0.017). After 6 months of castration and rosuvastatin administration, PSA, TG, LDL and TC were significantly reduced, while AKR1C4, HMGCR, SLDLRP1, CAV1 and ABCA-1 were significantly increased. Overall survival was reduced in patients with high baseline of SLDLRP1 (>3385 pg/ml, P = 0.001), PSA (>40 ng/ml, P = 0.003) and CAV1 (>4955 pg/ml, P = 0.021). CONCLUSION Results of the current study suggest that the peripheral lipidogenic effects of rosuvastatin may have an impact on the treatment outcome and survival of castrated mPC patients. TRAIL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry with identification number PACTR202102664354163 and at ClinicalTrials.gov with identification number NCT04776889.
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Santos JC, Profitós-Pelejà N, Ribeiro ML, Roué G. Antitumor Activity of Simvastatin in Preclinical Models of Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225601. [PMID: 36428695 PMCID: PMC9688202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that remains incurable with standard therapy. Statins are well-tolerated, inexpensive, and widely prescribed as cholesterol-lowering agents to treat hyperlipidemia and to prevent cardiovascular diseases through the blockage of the mevalonate metabolic pathway. These drugs have also shown promising anti-cancer activity through pleiotropic effects including the induction of lymphoma cell death. However, their potential use as anti-MCL agents has not been evaluated so far. AIM The present study aimed to investigate the activity of simvastatin on MCL cells. METHODS We evaluated the cytotoxicity of simvastatin in MCL cell lines by CellTiter-Glo and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays. Cell proliferation and mitotic index were assessed by direct cell recounting and histone H3-pSer10 immunostaining. Apoptosis induction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated by flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion properties were determined by transwell assay. The antitumoral effect of simvastatin in vivo was evaluated in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) MCL xenograft model. RESULTS We show that treatment with simvastatin induced a 2 to 6-fold LDH release, inhibited more than 50% of cell proliferation, and enhanced the caspase-independent ROS-mediated death of MCL cells. The effective impairment of MCL cell survival was accompanied by the inhibition of AKT and mTOR phosphorylation. Moreover, simvastatin strongly decreased MCL cell migration and invasion ability, leading to a 55% tumor growth inhibition and a consistent diminution of bone marrow and spleen metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data provide the first preclinical insight into the effect of simvastatin against MCL cells, suggesting that this agent might be considered for repurpose as a precise MCL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (G.R.); Tel.: +34-935572800 (ext. 4081) (J.C.S.); +34-935572835 (G.R.)
| | - Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 01246-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.S.); (G.R.); Tel.: +34-935572800 (ext. 4081) (J.C.S.); +34-935572835 (G.R.)
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Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19446. [PMID: 36376469 PMCID: PMC9663543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, Fluvastatin (FLV) is used for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as to prevent cardiovascular problems. FLV showed cell line cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Melittin (MEL) exhibits antineoplastic activity and is known to be promising as a therapeutic option for cancer patients. The aim of this work was to investigate the combination of FLV with MEL loaded hybrid formula of phospholipid (PL) with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) nanoparticles to maximize anticancer tendencies. This study examines the optimization of the prepared formulation in order to minimize nanoparticles size and maximize zeta potential to potentiate cytotoxic potentialities in colon cancer cells (Caco2), cell viability, cell cycle analysis and annexin V were tested. In addition to biological markers as P53, Bax, bcl2 and Caspase 3 evaluation The combination involving FLV PL ALA MEL showed enhanced cytotoxic potentiality (IC50 = 9.242 ± 0.35 µg/mL), about twofold lower, compared to the raw FLV (IC50 = 21.74 ± 0.82 µg/mL). According to studies analyzing cell cycle, optimized FLV PL ALA MEL was found to inhibit Caco2 colon cancer cells more significantly than other therapeutic treatments, wherein a higher number of cells were found to accumulate over G2/M and pre-G1 phases, whereas G0/G1/S phases witnessed the accumulation of a lower number of cells. The optimized formulation may pave the way for a novel and more efficacious treatment for colon cancer.
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Liu J, Wang H, Zhang M, Li Y, Wang R, Chen H, Wang B, Gao X, Song S, Wang Y, Ren Y, Li J, Liu P. Metformin and simvastatin synergistically suppress endothelin 1-induced hypoxia and angiogenesis in multiple cancer types. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:640-653. [PMID: 36156330 PMCID: PMC9899631 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancers have been reported to be associated with angiogenesis and are sensitive to anti-angiogenic therapies. Vascular normalization, by restoring proper tumor perfusion and oxygenation, could limit tumor cell invasiveness and improve the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of antiangiogenic drugs are still unknown. Metformin (MET) and simvastatin (SVA), two metabolic-related drugs, have been shown to play important roles in modulating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Whether the combination of MET and SVA could exert a more effective antitumor effect than individual treatments has not been examined. The antitumor effect of the synergism of SVA and MET was detected in mouse models, breast cancer patient-derived organoids, and multiple tumor cell lines compared with untreated, SVA, or MET alone. RNA sequencing revealed that the combination of MET and SVA (but not MET or SVA alone) inhibited the expression of endothelin 1 (ET-1), an important regulator of angiogenesis and the hypoxia-related pathway. We demonstrate that the MET and SVA combination showed synergistic effects on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, alleviating hypoxia, decreasing angiogenesis, and increasing vessel normalization compared with the use of a single agent alone. The MET and SVA combination suppressed ET-1-induced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression by increasing prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression. Furthermore, the MET and SVA combination showed a more potent anticancer effect compared with bosentan. Together, our findings suggest the potential application of the MET and SVA combination in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Huxia Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Mammary DepartmentShaanxi Provincial Cancer HospitalXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yazhao Li
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - He Chen
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaoqian Gao
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Shaoran Song
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yaochun Wang
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi' an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Juan Li
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Peijun Liu
- Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi ProvinceThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
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Zahedipour F, Butler AE, Eid AH, Sahebkar A. Pleiotropic properties of statins via angiogenesis modulation in cardiovascular disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103325. [PMID: 35872297 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase by statins is affected by inhibiting the active site of the enzyme in a competitive manner. Statins reduce plasma cholesterol by inhibiting its de novo synthesis. In addition, statins impart 'pleiotropic' activities that do not directly relate to their ability to decrease cholesterol. The proangiogenic and antiangiogenic characteristics of statins are among these pleiotropic effects. These angiogenic-modifying properties could offer new therapeutic applications. Statins stimulate or suppress angiogenesis in a biphasic manner. Whereas low doses of statin stimulate angiogenesis, high doses reduce protein prenylation and limit cell development and angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss how statins impact angiogenesis, with a particular focus on angiogenesis in stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Becchetti C, Dirchwolf M, Schropp J, Magini G, Müllhaupt B, Immer F, Dufour J, Banz V, Berzigotti A, Bosch J. Use of statins after liver transplantation is associated with improved survival: results of a nationwide study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1194-1204. [PMID: 35979872 PMCID: PMC9545989 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the effects of statins on the outcomes of liver transplantation (LT), regarding either their use by LT recipients or donors. AIM To analyse the association between statin exposure and recipient and graft survival. METHODS We included adult LT recipients with deceased donors in a nationwide prospective database study. Using a multistate modelling approach, we examined the effect of statins on the transition hazard between LT, biliary and vascular complications and death, allowing for recurring events. The observation time was 3 years. RESULTS We included 998 (696 male, 70%, mean age 54.46 ± 11.14 years) LT recipients. 14% of donors and 19% of recipients were exposed to statins during the study period. During follow-up, 141 patients died; there were 40 re-LT and 363 complications, with 66 patients having two or more complications. Treatment with statins in the recipient was modelled as a concurrent covariate and associated with lower mortality after LT (HR = 0.35; 95% CI 0.12-0.98; p = 0.047), as well as a significant reduction of re-LT (p = 0.004). However, it was not associated with lower incidence of complications (HR = 1.25; 95% CI = 0.85-1.83; p = 0.266). Moreover, in patients developing complications, statin use was significantly associated with decreased mortality (HR = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.01-0.81; p = 0.030), and reduced recurrence of complications (HR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.20-0.93; p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Statin use by LT recipients may confer a survival advantage. Statin administration should be encouraged in LT recipients when clinically indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Becchetti
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Melisa Dirchwolf
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland,Liver UnitHospital Privado de RosarioSanta FeArgentina
| | - Jonas Schropp
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Giulia Magini
- Service de TransplantationHôpitaux Universitaires de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Swiss HPB (Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary) Center and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franz Immer
- Swisstransplant, the Swiss National Foundation for Organ Donation and TransplantationBernSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐François Dufour
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland,Centre des Maladies Digestives LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Vanessa Banz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Annalisa Berzigotti
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Jaume Bosch
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, InselspitalBern University Hospital, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Beton K, Brożek-Płuska B. Biochemistry and Nanomechanical Properties of Human Colon Cells upon Simvastatin, Lovastatin, and Mevastatin Supplementations: Raman Imaging and AFM Studies. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:7088-7103. [PMID: 36083294 PMCID: PMC9511485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
One of the most important areas of medical science is
oncology,
which is responsible for both the diagnostics and treatment of cancer
diseases. Over the years, there has been an intensive development
of cancer diagnostics and treatment. This paper shows the comparison
of normal (CCD-18Co) and cancerous (CaCo-2) cell lines of the human
gastrointestinal tract on the basis of nanomechanical and biochemical
properties to obtain information on cancer biomarkers useful in oncological
diagnostics. The research techniques used were Raman spectroscopy
and imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the studies
also included the effect of the statin compounds—mevastatin,
lovastatin, and simvastatin—and their influence on biochemical
and nanomechanical changes of cell properties using Raman imaging
and AFM techniques. The cytotoxicity of statins was determined using
XTT tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Beton
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Brożek-Płuska
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
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Yang S, Xie C, Guo T, Li H, Li N, Zhou S, Wang X, Xie C. Simvastatin Inhibits Tumor Growth and Migration by Mediating Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e12-e21. [PMID: 35342027 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal central nervous system cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Simvastatin, a kind of widely used hypolipidemic agent, has been investigated for its beneficial effects on various types of cancers. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential inhibitory effects of simvastatin on GBM and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Cell viability and cell cycle of simvastatin-treated U87 and U251 cells were determined by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Additionally, we assessed cell migration and invasion abilities using a wound-healing assay and transwell assay. mRNA and protein expression patterns of caspase-1 and its markers nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β in different conditions were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot. RESULTS Simvastatin decreased the viability of GBM cells and inhibited cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, suppression of pyroptosis, as characterized by decreased expression of caspase-1, NLRP3, and IL-1β, was observed. However, use of an miR-214 inhibitor reversed the simvastatin suppressive effect on GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS Simvastatin inhibits GBM progression by suppressing caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis, regulated by miR-214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuncheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tieyun Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Central Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chuncheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Marabotto E, Kayali S, Buccilli S, Levo F, Bodini G, Giannini EG, Savarino V, Savarino EV. Colorectal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Epidemiology and Prevention: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174254. [PMID: 36077786 PMCID: PMC9454776 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most serious potential complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). The aging of patients affected by IBDs makes this issue a challenge that will increasingly be faced by clinicians in clinical practice, especially in light of the poorer prognosis for CRC in this group of people when compared with the general population. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiology, risk factors and various prevention strategies proposed for CRC in patients with IBDs. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most frequent form of malignancy and the second in terms of mortality. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are recognized risk factors for this type of cancer. Despite a worldwide increase in the incidence of CRC, the risk of CRC-related death in IBD patients has declined over time, probably because of successful surveillance strategies, the use of more effective drugs in the management of remission and improved indications to colectomy. This notwithstanding, CRC 5-year survival in patients with IBD is poorer than in the general population. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological features, risk factors and various prevention strategies proposed for CRC in IBD patients. Moreover, there is a special focus on reporting and highlighting the various prevention strategies proposed by the most important international scientific societies, both in terms of chemoprevention and endoscopic surveillance. Indeed, in conducting the analysis, we have given attention to the current primary, secondary and tertiary prevention guidelines, attempting to emphasize unresolved research and clinical problems related to this topic in order to improve diagnostic strategies and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Kayali
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Buccilli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Levo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo G. Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35137 Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Statins in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients: Do Comorbidities and Characteristics Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169326. [PMID: 36012589 PMCID: PMC9409457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) morbidity and mortality are decreasing in high-income countries, but ASCVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. Over the past few decades, major risk factors for ASCVD, including LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), have been identified. Statins are the drug of choice for patients at increased risk of ASCVD and remain one of the most commonly used and effective drugs for reducing LDL cholesterol and the risk of mortality and coronary artery disease in high-risk groups. Unfortunately, doctors tend to under-prescribe or under-dose these drugs, mostly out of fear of side effects. The latest guidelines emphasize that treatment intensity should increase with increasing cardiovascular risk and that the decision to initiate intervention remains a matter of individual consideration and shared decision-making. The purpose of this review was to analyze the indications for initiation or continuation of statin therapy in different categories of patient with high cardiovascular risk, considering their complexity and comorbidities in order to personalize treatment.
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor Statins Activate the Transcriptional Activity of p53 by Regulating the Expression of TAZ. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081015. [PMID: 36015162 PMCID: PMC9412369 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a downstream transcriptional regulator of the Hippo pathway that controls cell growth and differentiation. The aberrant activation of TAZ correlates with a poor prognosis in human cancers, such as breast and colon cancers. We previously demonstrated that TAZ inhibited the tumor suppressor functions of p53 and enhanced cell proliferation. Statins, which are used to treat dyslipidemia, have been reported to suppress the activity of TAZ and exert anti-tumor effects. In the present study, we focused on the regulation of p53 functions by TAZ and investigated whether statins modulate these functions via TAZ. The results obtained suggest that statins, such as simvastatin and fluvastatin, activated the transcriptional function of p53 by suppressing TAZ protein expression. Furthermore, co-treatment with simvastatin and anti-tumor agents that cooperatively activate p53 suppressed cancer cell survival. These results indicate a useful mechanism by which statins enhance the effects of anti-tumor agents through the activation of p53 and may represent a novel approach to cancer therapy.
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40
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Takii S, Wu J, Okamura D. The amount of membrane cholesterol required for robust cell adhesion and proliferation in serum-free condition. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259482. [PMID: 35857759 PMCID: PMC9299302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum-containing medium is widely used to support cell attachment, stable growth and serial passaging of various cancer cell lines. However, the presence of cholesterols and lipids in serum greatly hinders the analysis of the effects of cholesterol depletion on cells in culture. In this study, we developed a defined serum-free culture condition accessible to a variety of different types of adherent cancer cells. We tested different factors that are considered essential for cell culture and various extracellular matrix for plate coating, and found cells cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) basal media supplemented with Albumin (BSA) and insulin-transferrin-selenium-ethanolamine (ITS-X) on fibronectin-precoated plate (called as “DA-X condition”) showed comparable proliferation and survival to those in a serum-containing medium. Interestingly, we observed that DA-X condition could be adapted to a wide variety of adherent cancer cell lines, which enabled the analysis of how cholesterol depletion affected cancer cells in culture. Mechanistically, we found the beneficial effects of the DA-X condition in part can be attributed to the appropriate level of membrane cholesterol, and fibronectin-mediated signaling plays an important role in the suppression of cholesterol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Takii
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Daiji Okamura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Khazaaleh S, Sarmini MT, Alomari M, Al Momani L, El Kurdi B, Asfari M, Almomani Z, Romero-Marrero C. Statin Use Reduces the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27032. [PMID: 35989795 PMCID: PMC9388192 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary tumor of the liver resulting in approximately 800,000 deaths annually. A growing body of research investigating statin use and HCC risk has shown conflicting results. We aim to evaluate the current evidence of statin impact on HCC risk. We performed a comprehensive literature search in PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases from inception through May 2019 to identify all studies that evaluated the association between statin use and HCC. We included studies that presented an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) or presented data sufficient to calculate the OR with a 95% CI. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA), Version 3 software, and a Forrest plot was generated. We assessed for publication bias using conventional techniques. Twenty studies (three randomized controlled trials, six cohorts, and 11 case-controls) with 2,668,497 patients including 24,341 cases of HCC were included in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate a significant risk reduction of HCC among all statin users with a pooled odds ratio of 0.573 (95% CI: 0.491-0.668, I2= 86.57%) compared to non-users. No publication bias was found using Egger’s regression test or on visual inspection of the generated Funnel plot. The results indicate that statin use was associated with a 43% lower risk of HCC compared to statin non-users. Further prospective randomized research is needed to confirm the association.
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Kim H, Kim JK. Evidence on Statins, Omega-3, and Prostate Cancer: A Narrative Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:412-424. [PMID: 35021299 PMCID: PMC9253794 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake selections might play a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) occurrence and progression. Several studies have investigated whether statin use could reduce PCa risk but with conflicting results. Nevertheless, a significantly decreased incidence of advanced PCa has been consistently noted. Statins may also reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in men with PCa after receiving active treatment. However, the influence of statin usage on BCR and PCa progression in men with high prostate-specific antigen levels has been found to be insignificant. In contrast, the combined use of a statin and metformin was significantly related to the survival status of PCa patients. However, some studies have revealed that the intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3) from fish or fish oil supplements may elevate PCa risk. Several meta-analyses on ω-3 consumption and PCa have shown controversial results for the relationship between PCa and ω-3 consumption. However, studies with positive results for various genotypes, fatty acid intake or levels, and PCA risk are emerging. This review highlights the association among statins, ω-3, and PCa. The findings summarized here may be helpful for clinicians counseling patients related to PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanik Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Survival Benefit of Statin with Anti-Angiogenesis Efficacy in Lung Cancer-Associated Pleural Fluid through FXR Modulation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112765. [PMID: 35681743 PMCID: PMC9179389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our previous works showed that pleural fluid from lung cancer significantly induced endothelial proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Since endothelial metabolism was a key step in angiogenesis, we investigated the role of bile acid signaling and FXR expression in pleural angiogenesis. Elevated bile acid levels in lung-cancer-associated pleural fluid (LCPF) were characterized with positive FXR staining in pleural microvessels. We then confirmed the inhibitory effect of an FXR antagonist on LCPF-induced endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Due to the elevated protein expression in the cholesterol metabolism caused by LCPF, lipid-lowering agents with the efficacy needed to counteract LCPF-regulated angiogenesis were evaluated. Statin showed the potent efficacy needed to suppress LCPF-induced endothelial proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis through FXR inhibition. Following that, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the survival benefit of statin exposure in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LCPF. Our results suggest that targeting endothelial FXR signaling with statin treatment could ameliorate the angiogenesis activity of LCPF. Abstract Lung cancer-related pleural fluid (LCPF) presents as a common complication with limited treatment. Beyond its function in lipid digestion, bile acid was identified as a potent carcinogen to stimulate tumor proliferation. Previous research indicated a correlation between serum bile acid levels and the risk of developing several gastrointestinal cancers. Our study identified elevated bile acid levels in LCPF and increased farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expression as bile acid nuclear receptors in pleural microvessels of lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, LCPF stimulated the expression of proteins involved in bile acid synthesis and cholesterol metabolism in HUVECs including CYP7A1, StAR, HMGCR, and SREBP2. LCPF-induced endothelial motility and angiogenesis were counteracted by using β-muricholic acid as an FXR antagonist. Moreover, we investigated the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering medications, such as cholestyramine, fenofibrate, and atorvastatin, in regulating LCPF-regulated angiogenesis. Along with suppressing endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis, atorvastatin treatment reversed cholesterol accumulation and endothelial junction disruption caused by LCPF. Statin treatment inhibited LCPF-induced endothelial FXR expression as well as the downstream proteins RXR and SHP. Based on the positive findings of suppressing endothelial angiogenesis, our group further incorporated the effect of statin on clinical patients complicated with LCPF. A Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the clinical benefit of statin exposure in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with LCPF. Conclusively, our study demonstrated the ability of statin to alleviate LCPF-induced angiogenesis in patients with LCPF via FXR modulation.
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44
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Getz KR, Bellile E, Zarins KR, Chinn SB, Taylor JMG, Rozek LS, Wolf GT, Mondul AM. The association between inflammatory biomarkers and statin use among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2022; 44:1393-1403. [PMID: 35338544 PMCID: PMC9088158 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cytokines are associated with prognosis among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) may improve HNSCC prognosis, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cases, but the mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Statin use was collected from medical records for HNSCC cases (2008-2014). TILs were counted in tumor tissue, and a total weighted score (TILws) was created. Cytokines were measured in blood. The associations between statins and biomarkers were estimated using logistic (biomarker categories: <median, ≥median) and linear regression models (log-transformed continuous biomarkers) adjusted for age, smoking, and comorbidities. RESULTS We observed a positive association between statins and TILs among HPV-positive patients (TILws odds ratio [OR] = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.03-7.61), but no association among HPV-negative patients. We observed no association between statins and cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Statins may influence TILs in HPV-positive patients. This may be the mechanism through which they improve prognosis in HPV-positive HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla R Getz
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily Bellile
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katie R Zarins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven B Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeremy M G Taylor
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Guo C, Wan R, He Y, Lin SH, Cao J, Qiu Y, Zhang T, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Jin Y, Huang HY, Wang X, Tan L, Thomas RK, Zhang H, Chen L, Wong KK, Hu L, Ji H. Therapeutic targeting of the mevalonate-geranylgeranyl diphosphate pathway with statins overcomes chemotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:614-628. [PMID: 35449308 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lacks effective treatments to overcome chemoresistance. Here we established multiple human chemoresistant xenograft models through long-term intermittent chemotherapy, mimicking clinically relevant therapeutic settings. We show that chemoresistant SCLC undergoes metabolic reprogramming relying on the mevalonate (MVA)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) pathway, which can be targeted using clinically approved statins. Mechanistically, statins induce oxidative stress accumulation and apoptosis through the GGPP synthase 1 (GGPS1)-RAB7A-autophagy axis. Statin treatment overcomes both intrinsic and acquired SCLC chemoresistance in vivo across different SCLC PDX models bearing high GGPS1 levels. Moreover, we show that GGPS1 expression is negatively associated with survival in patients with SCLC. Finally, we demonstrate that combined statin and chemotherapy treatment resulted in durable responses in three patients with SCLC who relapsed from first-line chemotherapy. Collectively, these data uncover the MVA-GGPP pathway as a metabolic vulnerability in SCLC and identify statins as a potentially effective treatment to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijie Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiayu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Tan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- DKFZ, German Cancer Research Center and German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hua Zhang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luonan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
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Abdelfatah E, Kukar M, Mukherjee S, Groman A, Yendamuri S. The anticancer effect of statins in obese esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy. J Surg Oncol 2022; 126:268-278. [PMID: 35476878 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to treating hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, statins have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity in various cancers. We evaluate this effect in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS Esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center between March 2007 and December 2015 were included. Association between presurgery statin use and relevant variables with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was analyzed using Cox hazards. Survival analyses were independently performed for body mass index (BMI)-based subgroups. RESULTS There was no significant association between statin use and outcomes overall. However, in subgroup analysis, there was significant association between statin use and outcomes in patients with BMI ≥ 30. Multivariable analysis in obese patients demonstrated the association of statins with improved OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.46, p = 0.025), DSS (HR: 0.39, p = 0.015), and RFS (HR: 0.38, p = 0.022). The only other variable significantly associated with all three outcome measures was stage. CONCLUSIONS Statin use is associated with improved OS, DSS, and RFS of obese patients in resected esophageal cancer. BMI could be investigated as a biomarker for adjunctive statin use in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eihab Abdelfatah
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Moshim Kukar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Adrienne Groman
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Beton K, Wysocki P, Brozek-Pluska B. Mevastatin in colon cancer by spectroscopic and microscopic methods - Raman imaging and AFM studies. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120726. [PMID: 34979441 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important areas of medical science is oncology, which is responsible for both the diagnostics and treatment of cancer diseases. Simultaneously one of the main challenges of oncology is the development of modern drugs effective in the fight against cancer. Statins are a group of biologically active compounds with the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, an enzyme catalyzing the reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid. By acting on this enzyme, statins inhibit the endogenous cholesterol synthesis which in turn causes the reduction of its systemic concentrations. However, in vitro and in vivo studies confirm also the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of statins against various types of cancer cells including colon cancer. In the presented studies the influence of mevastatin on cancerous colon cells CaCo-2 by Raman spectroscopy and imaging is discussed and compared with biochemistry characteristic for normal colon cells CCD-18Co. Based on vibrational features of colon cells: normal cells CCD-18Co, cancerous cells CaCo-2 and cancerous cells CaCo-2 treated by mevastatin in different concentrations and incubation times we have confirmed the influence of this statin on biochemistry composition of cancerous human colon cells. Moreover, the spectroscopic results for colon normal cells and cancerous cells based on data typical for nucleic acids, proteins, lipids have been compared. The cytotoxisity of mevastatin was determined by using XTT tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beton
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - P Wysocki
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - B Brozek-Pluska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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Pourlotfi A, Ahl Hulme R, Bass GA, Sjölin G, Cao Y, Matthiessen PL, Mohseni S. Statin Therapy Is Associated With Decreased 90-Day Postoperative Mortality After Colon Cancer Surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65:559-565. [PMID: 34784312 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been conflicting reports regarding a protective effect of statin therapy after colon cancer surgery. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the association between statin therapy and the postoperative mortality following elective colon cancer surgery. DESIGN This population-based cohort study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register. SETTINGS Patient inclusion was achieved through a nationwide register. PATIENTS All adult patients undergoing elective surgery for colon cancer between January 2007 and September 2016 were included in the study. Patients who had received and collected a prescription for statins pre- and postoperatively were allocated to the statin-positive cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary and secondary outcomes of interest were 90-day all-cause mortality and 90-day cause-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 22,337 patients underwent elective surgery for colon cancer during the study period, of whom 6,494 (29%) were classified as statin users. Statin users displayed a significant survival benefit despite being older, having a higher comorbidity burden, and being less fit for surgery. Multivariate analysis illustrated significant reductions in the incidence risk for 90-day all-cause mortality (Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.12, p < 0.001) as well as 90-day cause-specific deaths due to sepsis, due to multiorgan failure, or resulting from a cardiovascular and respiratory origin. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this study include its observational retrospective design, restricting the ability to perform standardized follow-up of statin therapy. Confounding from other uncontrolled variables cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Statin users had a significant postoperative benefit regarding short-term mortality following elective colon cancer surgery in the current study; however, further research is needed to ascertain whether this relationship is causal. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B738. LA TERAPIA CON ESTATINAS SE ASOCIA CON UNA DISMINUCIN DE LA MORTALIDAD POSOPERATORIA A LOS DAS DESPUS DE LA CIRUGA DE CNCER DE COLON ANTECEDENTES:Ha habido informes contradictorios con respecto al efecto protector de la terapia con estatinas después de la cirugía de cáncer de colon.OBJETIVO:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre la terapia con estatinas y la mortalidad postoperatoria después de la cirugía electiva por cáncer de colon.DISEÑO:Este estudio de cohorte poblacional es un análisis retrospectivo de datos recopilados prospectivamente del Registro Sueco de Cáncer Colorrectal.AJUSTES:La inclusión de pacientes se logró mediante la inclusión a través de un registro a nivel nacional.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron en el estudio todos los pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía electiva por cáncer de colon en el período de enero de 2007 y septiembre de 2016. Los pacientes que habían recibido y recogido una receta de estatinas antes y después de la operación fueron asignados a la cohorte positiva de estatinas.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE DESENLACES:Los desenlaces primarios y secundarios de interés fueron la mortalidad por cualquier causa a los 90 días y la mortalidad por causas específicas a los 90 días.RESULTADOS:Un total de 22.337 pacientes se sometieron a cirugía electiva por cáncer de colon durante el período de estudio, de los cuales 6.494 (29%) se clasificaron como usuarios de estatinas. Los usuarios de estatinas mostraron un beneficio significativo en la supervivencia a pesar de ser mayores, de tener una mayor carga de comorbilidad y de estar menos acondicionado para la cirugía. El análisis multivariado ilustró reducciones significativas en el riesgo de incidencia de mortalidad por cualquier causa a 90 días (índice de tasa de incidencia = 0,12, p < 0,001), así como muertes específicas ena 90 días debidas a sepsis, falla multiorgánica o dea enfermedades de origen cardiovascular y respiratorio.LIMITACIONES:Las limitaciones de este estudio incluyen su diseño observacional retrospectivo, que restringe la capacidad de realizar un seguimiento estandarizado de la terapia con estatinas. No se puede excluir confusión a partir de otras variables no controladas.CONCLUSIONES:Los usuarios de estatinas tuvieron un beneficio posoperatorio significativo con respecto a la mortalidad a corto plazo después de cirugía electiva por cáncer de colon en el estudio actual, sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para confirmar si eexiste una relación es causal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Pourlotfi
- Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Rebecka Ahl Hulme
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gary A Bass
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
- Surgical Critical Care & Emergency Surgery, Penn Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Sjölin
- Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Peter L Matthiessen
- Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Shahin Mohseni
- Department of Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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Khan S, Chang SH, Hicks V, Wang M, Grubb RL, Drake BF. Improved survival with post-diagnostic metformin and statin use in a racially diverse cohort of US Veterans with advanced prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:707-712. [PMID: 34811499 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between post-diagnostic metformin or statin use with all-cause and prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality in men with advanced prostate cancer. METHODS Our study consisted of 4572 men (Black = 1352, White = 3192, Other Race = 28) diagnosed with advanced cancer (T4/M1/N1) between 1999 and 2013 in the Veteran Health Administration. The association between post-diagnostic (1) metformin and (2) statin use with all-cause and PCa-specific mortality was examined using multivariable, time-varying Cox Proportional Hazard Models. In a secondary analysis, models were stratified by race. RESULTS Post-diagnostic metformin use was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.84, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.73, 0.96) and PCa-specific death (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.91). In stratified analyses, the inverse association between post-diagnostic metformin use and both all-cause PCa-specific mortality was limited to White men. Post-diagnostic statin use was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause (HR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.83) and PCa-specific mortality (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.81). In stratified analyses, similar inverse associations were observed for post-diagnostic statin use and all-cause and PCa-specific mortality in both Black and White men. CONCLUSION Post diagnostic metformin and statin use may prevent progression to lethal prostate cancer in men with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Epidemiology Program, College of Heath Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Veronica Hicks
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert L Grubb
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Research Service, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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50
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Goenka L, Dubashi B, Selvarajan S, Ganesan P. Use of "Repurposed" Drugs in the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Oncol 2022; 45:168-174. [PMID: 35320817 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer has poor outcomes with standard therapy and limited options for treatment of recurrent disease. This systematic review summarizes the data on the clinical use of repurposed drugs. We searched for clinical studies using "repurposed" agents for the treatment of ovarian cancer in the following databases: PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, Clinical Trial Registry of India, European Clinical Trials Registry, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. We excluded reviews, preclinical studies, and non-English language studies. We assessed the quality of included studies. The following agents/class of agents were included: statins, hydroxychloroquine, metformin, itraconazole, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin D, proton pump inhibitors, beta-blockers, and sodium valproate. Only one randomized controlled trial investigated metformin, which found no benefit of metformin. However, this had a high risk of bias (no details of randomization). Among the observational studies, 70% were of high quality (Newcastle-Ottawa scale ≥7). Clinical benefit was seen for itraconazole, beta-blockers, metformin, statins, and proton pump inhibitors. Though multiple studies aim to repurpose agents in epithelial ovarian cancer, the most published literature is observational, and none are practice-changing. Given the solid preclinical data regarding the anticancer efficacy of these agents, well-designed clinical trials are urgently required.
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