1
|
Chen SJ, Hashimoto K, Fujio K, Hayashi K, Paul SK, Yuzuriha A, Qiu WY, Nakamura E, Kanashiro MA, Kabata M, Nakamura S, Sugimoto N, Kaneda A, Yamamoto T, Saito H, Takayama N, Eto K. A let-7 microRNA-RALB axis links the immune properties of iPSC-derived megakaryocytes with platelet producibility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2588. [PMID: 38519457 PMCID: PMC10960040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently achieved the first-in-human transfusion of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs) as an alternative to standard transfusions, which are dependent on donors and therefore variable in supply. However, heterogeneity characterized by thrombopoiesis-biased or immune-biased megakaryocytes (MKs) continues to pose a bottleneck against the standardization of iPSC-PLT manufacturing. To address this problem, here we employ microRNA (miRNA) switch biotechnology to distinguish subpopulations of imMKCLs, the MK cell lines producing iPSC-PLTs. Upon miRNA switch-based screening, we find imMKCLs with lower let-7 activity exhibit an immune-skewed transcriptional signature. Notably, the low activity of let-7a-5p results in the upregulation of RAS like proto-oncogene B (RALB) expression, which is crucial for the lineage determination of immune-biased imMKCL subpopulations and leads to the activation of interferon-dependent signaling. The dysregulation of immune properties/subpopulations, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, contributes to a decline in the quality of the whole imMKCL population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Jing Chen
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujio
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Karin Hayashi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sudip Kumar Paul
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akinori Yuzuriha
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei-Yin Qiu
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emiri Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Mio Kabata
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoshi Sugimoto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhatia V, Esmati L, Bhullar RP. Regulation of Ras p21 and RalA GTPases activity by quinine in mammary epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:567-577. [PMID: 37131040 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Quinine, a bitter compound, can act as an agonist to activate the family of bitter taste G protein-coupled receptor family of proteins. Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that quinine causes activation of RalA, a Ras p21-related small G protein. Ral proteins can be activated directly or indirectly through an alternative pathway that requires Ras p21 activation resulting in the recruitment of RalGDS, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ral. Using normal mammary epithelial (MCF-10A) and non-invasive mammary epithelial (MCF-7) cell lines, we investigated the effect of quinine in regulating Ras p21 and RalA activity. Results showed that in the presence of quinine, Ras p21 is activated in both MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells; however, RalA was inhibited in MCF-10A cells, and no effect was observed in the case of MCF-7 cells. MAP kinase, a downstream effector for Ras p21, was activated in both MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of RalGDS in MCF-10A cells and MCF-7 cells. The expression of RalGDS was higher in MCF-10A cells in comparison to the MCF-7 cells. Although RalGDS was detected in MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells, it did not result in RalA activation upon Ras p21 activation with quinine suggesting that the Ras p21-RalGDS-RalA pathway is not active in the MCF-10A cells. The inhibition of RalA activity in MCF-10A cells due to quinine could be as a result of a direct effect of this bitter compound on RalA. Protein modeling and ligand docking analysis demonstrated that quinine can interact with RalA through the R79 amino acid, which is located in the switch II region loop of the RalA protein. It is possible that quinine causes a conformational change that results in the inhibition of RalA activation even though RalGDS is present in the cell. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) that regulate Ral activity in mammary epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Bhatia
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Laya Esmati
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Rajinder P Bhullar
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Halim DO, Munson M, Gao FB. The exocyst complex in neurological disorders. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1263-1270. [PMID: 37085629 PMCID: PMC10449956 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Exocytosis is the process by which secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to deliver materials to the cell surface or to release cargoes to the extracellular space. The exocyst-an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex-mediates spatiotemporal control of SNARE complex assembly for vesicle fusion and tethering the secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. The exocyst participates in diverse cellular functions, including protein trafficking to the plasma membrane, membrane extension, cell polarity, neurite outgrowth, ciliogenesis, cytokinesis, cell migration, autophagy, host defense, and tumorigenesis. Exocyst subunits are essential for cell viability; and mutations or variants in several exocyst subunits have been implicated in human diseases, mostly neurodevelopmental disorders and ciliopathies. These conditions often share common features such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, and brain abnormalities. In this review, we summarize the mutations and variants in exocyst subunits that have been linked to disease and discuss the implications of exocyst dysfunction in other disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilara O Halim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Mary Munson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu C, Ye D, Yang H, Chen X, Su Z, Li X, Ding M, Liu Y. RAS-targeted cancer therapy: Advances in drugging specific mutations. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e285. [PMID: 37250144 PMCID: PMC10225044 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat sarcoma (RAS), as a frequently mutated oncogene, has been studied as an attractive target for treating RAS-driven cancers for over four decades. However, it is until the recent success of kirsten-RAS (KRAS)G12C inhibitor that RAS gets rid of the title "undruggable". It is worth noting that the therapeutic effect of KRASG12C inhibitors on different RAS allelic mutations or even different cancers with KRASG12C varies significantly. Thus, deep understanding of the characteristics of each allelic RAS mutation will be a prerequisite for developing new RAS inhibitors. In this review, the structural and biochemical features of different RAS mutations are summarized and compared. Besides, the pathological characteristics and treatment responses of different cancers carrying RAS mutations are listed based on clinical reports. In addition, the development of RAS inhibitors, either direct or indirect, that target the downstream components in RAS pathway is summarized as well. Hopefully, this review will broaden our knowledge on RAS-targeting strategies and trigger more intensive studies on exploiting new RAS allele-specific inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cen Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Danyang Ye
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Hongliu Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xu Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhijun Su
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mei Ding
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hostallero DE, Wei L, Wang L, Cairns J, Emad A. Preclinical-to-clinical Anti-cancer Drug Response Prediction and Biomarker Identification Using TINDL. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 21:535-550. [PMID: 36775056 PMCID: PMC10787192 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of the response of cancer patients to different treatments and identification of biomarkers of drug response are two major goals of individualized medicine. Here, we developed a deep learning framework called TINDL, completely trained on preclinical cancer cell lines (CCLs), to predict the response of cancer patients to different treatments. TINDL utilizes a tissue-informed normalization to account for the tissue type and cancer type of the tumors and to reduce the statistical discrepancies between CCLs and patient tumors. Moreover, by making the deep learning black box interpretable, this model identifies a small set of genes whose expression levels are predictive of drug response in the trained model, enabling identification of biomarkers of drug response. Using data from two large databases of CCLs and cancer tumors, we showed that this model can distinguish between sensitive and resistant tumors for 10 (out of 14) drugs, outperforming various other machine learning models. In addition, our small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown experiments on 10 genes identified by this model for one of the drugs (tamoxifen) confirmed that tamoxifen sensitivity is substantially influenced by all of these genes in MCF7 cells, and seven of these genes in T47D cells. Furthermore, genes implicated for multiple drugs pointed to shared mechanism of action among drugs and suggested several important signaling pathways. In summary, this study provides a powerful deep learning framework for prediction of drug response and identification of biomarkers of drug response in cancer. The code can be accessed at https://github.com/ddhostallero/tindl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Earl Hostallero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A, Canada; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC H2S, Canada
| | - Lixuan Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Amin Emad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A, Canada; Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC H2S, Canada; The Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yin G, Huang J, Petela J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Gong S, Wu J, Liu B, Shi J, Gao Y. Targeting small GTPases: emerging grasps on previously untamable targets, pioneered by KRAS. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:212. [PMID: 37221195 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases including Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran are omnipresent molecular switches in regulating key cellular functions. Their dysregulation is a therapeutic target for tumors, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathies, and infection. However, small GTPases have been historically recognized as "undruggable". Targeting KRAS, one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, has only come into reality in the last decade due to the development of breakthrough strategies such as fragment-based screening, covalent ligands, macromolecule inhibitors, and PROTACs. Two KRASG12C covalent inhibitors have obtained accelerated approval for treating KRASG12C mutant lung cancer, and allele-specific hotspot mutations on G12D/S/R have been demonstrated as viable targets. New methods of targeting KRAS are quickly evolving, including transcription, immunogenic neoepitopes, and combinatory targeting with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the vast majority of small GTPases and hotspot mutations remain elusive, and clinical resistance to G12C inhibitors poses new challenges. In this article, we summarize diversified biological functions, shared structural properties, and complex regulatory mechanisms of small GTPases and their relationships with human diseases. Furthermore, we review the status of drug discovery for targeting small GTPases and the most recent strategic progress focused on targeting KRAS. The discovery of new regulatory mechanisms and development of targeting approaches will together promote drug discovery for small GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Yin
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Johnny Petela
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Hongmei Jiang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yuetong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Siqi Gong
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Bei Liu
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Agrawal R, Natarajan KN. Oncogenic signaling pathways in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 159:251-283. [PMID: 37268398 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common (∼90% cases) pancreatic neoplasm and one of the most lethal cancer among all malignances. PDAC harbor aberrant oncogenic signaling that may result from the multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations such as the mutation in driver genes (KRAS, CDKN2A, p53), genomic amplification of regulatory genes (MYC, IGF2BP2, ROIK3), deregulation of chromatin-modifying proteins (HDAC, WDR5) among others. A key event is the formation of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) that often results from the activating mutation in KRAS. Mutated KRAS can direct a variety of signaling pathways and modulate downstream targets including MYC, which play an important role in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss recent literature shedding light on the origins of PDAC from the perspective of major oncogenic signaling pathways. We highlight how MYC directly and indirectly, with cooperation with KRAS, affect epigenetic reprogramming and metastasis. Additionally, we summarize the recent findings from single cell genomic approaches that highlight heterogeneity in PDAC and tumor microenvironment, and provide molecular avenues for PDAC treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agrawal
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chamberlain SG, Owen D, Mott HR. Membrane extraction by calmodulin underpins the disparate signalling of RalA and RalB. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200011. [PMID: 35318680 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Both RalA and RalB interact with the ubiquitous calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM). New structural and biophysical characterisation of these interactions strongly suggests that, in the native membrane-associated state, only RalA can be extracted from the membrane by CaM and this non-canonical interaction could underpin the divergent signalling roles of these closely related GTPases. The isoform specificity for RalA exhibited by CaM is hypothesised to contribute to the disparate signalling roles of RalA and RalB in mitochondrial dynamics. This would lead to CaM shuttling RalA to the mitochondrial membrane but leaving RalB localisation unperturbed, and in doing so triggering mitochondrial fission pathways rather than mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jacobs F, Cani M, Malapelle U, Novello S, Napoli VM, Bironzo P. Targeting KRAS in NSCLC: Old Failures and New Options for "Non-G12c" Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6332. [PMID: 34944952 PMCID: PMC8699276 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) gene mutations are among the most common driver alterations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite their high frequency, valid treatment options are still lacking, mainly due to an intrinsic complexity of both the protein structure and the downstream pathway. The increasing knowledge about different mutation subtypes and co-mutations has paved the way to several promising therapeutic strategies. Despite the best results so far having been obtained in patients harbouring KRAS exon 2 p.G12C mutation, even the treatment landscape of non-p.G12C KRAS mutation positive patients is predicted to change soon. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of ongoing studies into NSCLC patients with KRAS mutations other than p.G12C and discusses future scenarios that will hopefully change the story of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Jacobs
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.J.); (M.C.); (S.N.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Cani
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.J.); (M.C.); (S.N.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.J.); (M.C.); (S.N.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Valerio Maria Napoli
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.J.); (M.C.); (S.N.); (V.M.N.)
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Turin, Italy; (F.J.); (M.C.); (S.N.); (V.M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Umair M, Khan S, Mohammad T, Shafie A, Anjum F, Islam A, Hassan MI. Impact of single amino acid substitution on the structure and function of TANK-binding kinase-1. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1475-1490. [PMID: 34237165 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in various signaling pathways and subsequently regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, antiviral and antitumor immunity. Dysfunction of TBK1 can cause many complex diseases, including autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and cancer. This dysfunction of TBK1 may result from single amino acid substitutions and subsequent structural alterations. This study analyzed the effect of substituting amino acids on TBK1 structure, function, and subsequent disease using advanced computational methods and various tools. In the initial assessment, a total of 467 mutations were found to be deleterious. After that, in detailed structural and sequential analyses, 13 mutations were found to be pathogenic. Finally, based on the functional importance, two variants (K38D and S172A) of the TBK1 kinase domain were selected and studied in detail by utilizing all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 200 ns. MD simulation, including correlation matrix and principal component analysis, helps to get deeper insights into the TBK1 structure at the atomic level. We observed a substantial change in variants' conformation, which may be possible for structural alteration and subsequent TBK1 dysfunction. However, substitution S172A shows a significant conformational change in TBK1 structure as compared to K38D. Thus, this study provides a structural basis to understand the effect of mutations on the kinase domain of TBK1 and its function associated with disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Umair
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Shama Khan
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nászai M, Bellec K, Yu Y, Román-Fernández A, Sandilands E, Johansson J, Campbell AD, Norman JC, Sansom OJ, Bryant DM, Cordero JB. RAL GTPases mediate EGFR-driven intestinal stem cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. eLife 2021; 10:e63807. [PMID: 34096503 PMCID: PMC8216719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RAS-like (RAL) GTPases function in Wnt signalling-dependent intestinal stem cell proliferation and regeneration. Whether RAL proteins work as canonical RAS effectors in the intestine and the mechanisms of how they contribute to tumourigenesis remain unclear. Here, we show that RAL GTPases are necessary and sufficient to activate EGFR/MAPK signalling in the intestine, via induction of EGFR internalisation. Knocking down Drosophila RalA from intestinal stem and progenitor cells leads to increased levels of plasma membrane-associated EGFR and decreased MAPK pathway activation. Importantly, in addition to influencing stem cell proliferation during damage-induced intestinal regeneration, this role of RAL GTPases impacts on EGFR-dependent tumourigenic growth in the intestine and in human mammary epithelium. However, the effect of oncogenic RAS in the intestine is independent from RAL function. Altogether, our results reveal previously unrecognised cellular and molecular contexts where RAL GTPases become essential mediators of adult tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Drosophila melanogaster/enzymology
- Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
- Endocytosis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/enzymology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/enzymology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- ral GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máté Nászai
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Bellec
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Yachuan Yu
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Alvaro Román-Fernández
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Sandilands
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Joel Johansson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jim C Norman
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - David M Bryant
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia B Cordero
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research CentreGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Inhibition of Tunneling Nanotubes between Cancer Cell and the Endothelium Alters the Metastatic Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116161. [PMID: 34200503 PMCID: PMC8200952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor cells with blood vessels is one of the key steps during cancer metastasis. Metastatic cancer cells exhibit phenotypic state changes during this interaction: (1) they form tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) with endothelial cells, which act as a conduit for intercellular communication; and (2) metastatic cancer cells change in order to acquire an elongated phenotype, instead of the classical cellular aggregates or mammosphere-like structures, which it forms in three-dimensional cultures. Here, we demonstrate mechanistically that a siRNA-based knockdown of the exocyst complex protein Sec3 inhibits TNT formation. Furthermore, a set of pharmacological inhibitors for Rho GTPase–exocyst complex-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling is introduced, which inhibits TNT formation, and induces the reversal of the more invasive phenotype of cancer cell (spindle-like) into a less invasive phenotype (cellular aggregates or mammosphere). Our results offer mechanistic insights into this nanoscale communication and shift of phenotypic state during cancer–endothelial interactions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Apken LH, Oeckinghaus A. The RAL signaling network: Cancer and beyond. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:21-105. [PMID: 34074494 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The RAL proteins RALA and RALB belong to the superfamily of small RAS-like GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases). RAL GTPases function as molecular switches in cells by cycling through GDP- and GTP-bound states, a process which is regulated by several guanine exchange factors (GEFs) and two heterodimeric GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). Since their discovery in the 1980s, RALA and RALB have been established to exert isoform-specific functions in central cellular processes such as exocytosis, endocytosis, actin organization and gene expression. Consequently, it is not surprising that an increasing number of physiological functions are discovered to be controlled by RAL, including neuronal plasticity, immune response, and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The critical importance of RAL GTPases for oncogenic RAS-driven cellular transformation and tumorigenesis still attracts most research interest. Here, RAL proteins are key drivers of cell migration, metastasis, anchorage-independent proliferation, and survival. This chapter provides an overview of normal and pathological functions of RAL GTPases and summarizes the current knowledge on the involvement of RAL in human disease as well as current therapeutic targeting strategies. In particular, molecular mechanisms that specifically control RAL activity and RAL effector usage in different scenarios are outlined, putting a spotlight on the complexity of the RAL GTPase signaling network and the emerging theme of RAS-independent regulation and relevance of RAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H Apken
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Institute of Molecular Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khawaja H, Campbell A, Roberts JZ, Javadi A, O'Reilly P, McArt D, Allen WL, Majkut J, Rehm M, Bardelli A, Di Nicolantonio F, Scott CJ, Kennedy R, Vitale N, Harrison T, Sansom OJ, Longley DB, Evergren E, Van Schaeybroeck S. RALB GTPase: a critical regulator of DR5 expression and TRAIL sensitivity in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:930. [PMID: 33122623 PMCID: PMC7596570 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutant (MT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is resistant to MEK1/2 inhibition and remains a difficult-to-treat group. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel treatment options for RASMT mCRC. RALA and RALB GTPases function downstream of RAS and have been found to be key regulators of several cell functions implicated in KRAS-driven tumorigenesis. However, their role as regulators of the apoptotic machinery remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that inhibition of RALB expression, but not RALA, resulted in Caspase-8-dependent cell death in KRASMT CRC cells, which was not further increased following MEK1/2 inhibition. Proteomic analysis and mechanistic studies revealed that RALB depletion induced a marked upregulation of the pro-apoptotic cell surface TRAIL Death Receptor 5 (DR5) (also known as TRAIL-R2), primarily through modulating DR5 protein lysosomal degradation. Moreover, DR5 knockdown or knockout attenuated siRALB-induced apoptosis, confirming the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway as a regulator of siRALB-induced cell death. Importantly, TRAIL treatment resulted in the association of RALB with the death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) and targeting RALB using pharmacologic inhibition or RNAi approaches triggered a potent increase in TRAIL-induced cell death in KRASMT CRC cells. Significantly, high RALB mRNA levels were found in the poor prognostic Colorectal Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes (CRIS)-B CRC subgroup. Collectively, this study provides to our knowledge the first evidence for a role for RALB in apoptotic priming and suggests that RALB inhibition may be a promising strategy to improve response to TRAIL treatment in poor prognostic RASMT CRIS-B CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajrah Khawaja
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jamie Z Roberts
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Arman Javadi
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Darragh McArt
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Wendy L Allen
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Joanna Majkut
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Federica Di Nicolantonio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, 10060, Italy
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Richard Kennedy
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Nicolas Vitale
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Drug Resistance Group, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The interaction between MALAT1 target, miR-143-3p, and RALGAPA2 is affected by functional SNP rs3827693 in breast cancer. Hum Cell 2020; 33:1229-1239. [PMID: 32880825 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A higher expression of MALAT1 has been reported in breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to decipher the mechanisms by which this lncRNA imposes its oncogenic effects. In this study, blood and tissue samples were taken from healthy normal and breast cancer subjects. qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression. HRM-PCR method was carried out to genotype the selected samples. Computational analysis was recruited to find novel targets of MALAT1 and miR-143-3p. The data analyses revealed that MALAT1 was up-regulated in breast cancer and could be a distinctive factor to diagnose cancer. The expression of MALAT1 was inversely correlated with miR-143-3p expression in the studied clinical samples. The down-regulation of miR-143-3p was proven in the clinical tumor samples as compared to the healthy controls. A negative correlation of miR-143-3p with its putative target, RALGAPA2 was observed. A functional SNP rs3827693 located within the 3'UTR region of RALGAPA2 mRNA was validated in this study to associate with breast cancer risk. The rs3827693 allele G significantly decreased the breast cancer incidence and augmented the negative correlation between RALGAPA2 and miR-143-3p, presumably through strengthening the interaction between these two transcripts. This study proposed MALAT1 miR-143-3p and miR-143-3p RALGAPA2 axis in breast cancer, whereby the latter can be altered by the clinically functional SNP rs3827693.
Collapse
|
16
|
Melick CH, Jewell JL. Regulation of mTORC1 by Upstream Stimuli. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11090989. [PMID: 32854217 PMCID: PMC7565831 DOI: 10.3390/genes11090989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase that senses multiple upstream stimuli to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR is the catalytic subunit of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1). A significant amount of research has uncovered the signaling pathways regulated by mTORC1, and the involvement of these signaling cascades in human diseases like cancer, diabetes, and ageing. Here, we review advances in mTORC1 regulation by upstream stimuli. We specifically focus on how growth factors, amino acids, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), phosphorylation, and small GTPases regulate mTORC1 activity and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Beel S, Kolloch L, Apken LH, Jürgens L, Bolle A, Sudhof N, Ghosh S, Wardelmann E, Meisterernst M, Steinestel K, Oeckinghaus A. κB-Ras and Ral GTPases regulate acinar to ductal metaplasia during pancreatic adenocarcinoma development and pancreatitis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3409. [PMID: 32641778 PMCID: PMC7343838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with high mortality and therapy resistance. Here, we show that low expression of κB-Ras GTPases is frequently detected in PDAC and correlates with higher histologic grade. In a model of KRasG12D-driven PDAC, loss of κB-Ras accelerates tumour development and shortens median survival. κB-Ras deficiency promotes acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) during tumour initiation as well as tumour progression through intrinsic effects on proliferation and invasion. κB-Ras proteins are also required for acinar regeneration after pancreatitis, demonstrating a general role in control of plasticity. Molecularly, upregulation of Ral GTPase activity and Sox9 expression underlies the observed phenotypes, identifying a previously unrecognized function of Ral signalling in ADM. Our results provide evidence for a tumour suppressive role of κB-Ras proteins and highlight low κB-Ras levels and consequent loss of Ral control as risk factors, thus emphasizing the necessity for therapeutic options that allow interference with Ral-driven signalling. The molecular mechanisms of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in the course of pancreatitis and cancer development are unclear. Here, the authors show that loss of κB-Ras and consequent Ral activation promotes tumour initiation and progression through persistent ADM and enhanced cell proliferation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Beel
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lina Kolloch
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lisa H Apken
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lara Jürgens
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Bolle
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Sudhof
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Meisterernst
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Oeckinghaus
- Institute of Molecular Tumorbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gašić U, Ćirić I, Pejčić T, Radenković D, Djordjević V, Radulović S, Tešić Ž. Polyphenols as Possible Agents for Pancreatic Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060547. [PMID: 32585831 PMCID: PMC7346180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is very aggressive and it is estimated that it kills nearly 50% of patients within the first six months. The lack of symptoms specific to this disease prevents early diagnosis and treatment. Today, gemcitabine alone or in combination with other cytostatic agents such as cisplatin (Cis), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, capecitabine, or oxaliplatin (Oxa) is used in conventional therapy. Outgoing literature provides data on the use of polyphenols, biologically active compounds, in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and the prevention of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the first part of this review gives a brief overview of the state of pancreatic disease as well as the procedures for its treatment. The second part provides a detailed overview of the research regarding the anticancer effects of both pure polyphenols and their plant extracts. The results regarding the antiproliferative, antimetastatic, as well as inhibitory effects of polyphenols against PC cell lines as well as the prevention of acute pancreatitis are presented in detail. Finally, particular emphasis is given to the polyphenolic profiles of apples, berries, cherries, sour cherries, and grapes, given the fact that these fruits are rich in polyphenols and anthocyanins. Polyphenolic profiles, the content of individual polyphenols, and their relationships are discussed. Based on this, significant data can be obtained regarding the amount of fruit that should be consumed daily to achieve a therapeutic effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uroš Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivanka Ćirić
- Innovation Center, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tomislav Pejčić
- Clinic of Urology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Radenković
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Medicine, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Djordjević
- First Surgical Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 6, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Siniša Radulović
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, P.O. Box 51, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-113336733
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uras IZ, Moll HP, Casanova E. Targeting KRAS Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Past, Present and Future. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4325. [PMID: 32560574 PMCID: PMC7352653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer with an aggressive clinical course and high mortality rates. Most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages when treatment options are limited and the efficacy of chemotherapy is poor. The disease has a complex and heterogeneous background with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of patients and lung adenocarcinoma being the most common histological subtype. Almost 30% of adenocarcinomas of the lung are driven by an activating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutation. The ability to inhibit the oncogenic KRAS has been the holy grail of cancer research and the search for inhibitors is immensely ongoing as KRAS-mutated tumors are among the most aggressive and refractory to treatment. Therapeutic strategies tailored for KRAS+ NSCLC rely on the blockage of KRAS functional output, cellular dependencies, metabolic features, KRAS membrane associations, direct targeting of KRAS and immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an update on the most recent advances in anti-KRAS therapy for lung tumors with mechanistic insights into biological diversity and potential clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Z. Uras
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (H.P.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (H.P.M.); (E.C.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Uegaki M, Kita Y, Shirakawa R, Teramoto Y, Kamiyama Y, Saito R, Yoshikawa T, Sakamoto H, Goto T, Akamatsu S, Yamasaki T, Inoue T, Suzuki A, Horiuchi H, Ogawa O, Kobayashi T. Downregulation of RalGTPase-activating protein promotes invasion of prostatic epithelial cells and progression from intraepithelial neoplasia to cancer during prostate carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1535-1544. [PMID: 31058283 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RalGTPase-activating protein (RalGAP) is an important negative regulator of small GTPases RalA/B that mediates various oncogenic signaling pathways in various cancers. Although the Ral pathway has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression, the significance of RalGAP in PCa has been largely unknown. We examined RalGAPα2 expression using immunohistochemistry on two independent tissue microarray sets. Both datasets demonstrated that the expression of RalGAPα2 was significantly downregulated in PCa tissues compared to adjacent benign prostatic epithelia. Silencing of RalGAPα2 by short hairpin RNA enhanced migration and invasion abilities of benign and malignant prostate epithelial cell lines without affecting cell proliferation. Exogenous expression of wild-type RalGAP, but not the GTPase-activating protein activity-deficient mutant of RalGAP, suppressed migration and invasion of multiple PCa cell lines and was phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of RalA/B. Loss of Ralgapa2 promoted local microscopic invasion of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia without affecting tumor growth in a Pten-deficient mouse model for prostate tumorigenesis. Our findings demonstrate the functional significance of RalGAP downregulation to promote invasion ability, which is a property necessary for prostate carcinogenesis. Thus, loss of RalGAP function has a distinct role in promoting progression from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Uegaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kita
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Saito
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Goto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisanori Horiuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Genetics 2020; 215:747-766. [PMID: 32345615 PMCID: PMC7337071 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in several different genes indicating... Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder lacking effective treatments. ALS pathology is linked to mutations in >20 different genes indicating a complex underlying genetic architecture that is effectively unknown. Here, in an attempt to identify genes and pathways for potential therapeutic intervention and explore the genetic circuitry underlying Drosophila models of ALS, we carry out two independent genome-wide screens for modifiers of degenerative phenotypes associated with the expression of transgenic constructs carrying familial ALS-causing alleles of FUS (hFUSR521C) and TDP-43 (hTDP-43M337V). We uncover a complex array of genes affecting either or both of the two strains, and investigate their activities in additional ALS models. Our studies indicate the pathway that governs phospholipase D activity as a major modifier of ALS-related phenotypes, a notion supported by data we generated in mice and others collected in humans.
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen R. Mott
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shafiq A, Campbell LJ, Owen D, Mott HR. NMR resonance assignments for the active and inactive conformations of the small G protein RalA. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:87-91. [PMID: 31916136 PMCID: PMC7069931 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-019-09925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ral proteins (RalA and RalB) are small G proteins of the Ras family that have been implicated in exocytosis, endocytosis, transcriptional regulation and mitochondrial fission, as well as having a role in tumourigenesis. RalA and RalB are activated downstream of the master regulator, Ras, which causes the nucleotide exchange of GDP for GTP. Here we report the 1H, 15 N and 13C resonance assignments of RalA in its active form bound to the GTP analogue GMPPNP. We also report the backbone assignments of RalA in its inactive, GDP-bound form. The assignments give insight into the switch regions, which change conformation upon nucleotide exchange. These switch regions are invisible in the spectra of the active, GMPPNP bound form but the residues proximal to the switches can be monitored. RalA is also an important drug target due to its over activation in some cancers and these assignments will be extremely useful for NMR-based screening approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Shafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Barrett Hodgson University, Korangi Creek, Salim Habib Campus, NC-24, Deh Dih, Korangi Creek, Karachi, 74900, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Louise J Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, 80, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan I, Rhett JM, O'Bryan JP. Therapeutic targeting of RAS: New hope for drugging the "undruggable". BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118570. [PMID: 31678118 PMCID: PMC6937383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in cancer and a critical driver of oncogenesis. Therapeutic targeting of RAS has been a goal of cancer research for more than 30 years due to its essential role in tumor formation and maintenance. Yet the quest to inhibit this challenging foe has been elusive. Although once considered "undruggable", the struggle to directly inhibit RAS has seen recent success with the development of pharmacological agents that specifically target the KRAS(G12C) mutant protein, which include the first direct RAS inhibitor to gain entry to clinical trials. However, the limited applicability of these inhibitors to G12C-mutant tumors demands further efforts to identify more broadly efficacious RAS inhibitors. Understanding allosteric influences on RAS may open new avenues to inhibit RAS. Here, we provide a brief overview of RAS biology and biochemistry, discuss the allosteric regulation of RAS, and summarize the various approaches to develop RAS inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, United States of America
| | - J Matthew Rhett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, United States of America
| | - John P O'Bryan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cassani B. RalGAPα2 and NLRP3 Orchestrate Tumor Invasion in Colitis-Associated Cancers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:339-340. [PMID: 31816279 PMCID: PMC6997458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cassani
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Barbara Cassani, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; fax: +0039-2-882245191.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li W, Wang L, Ji XB, Wang LH, Ge X, Liu WT, Chen L, Zheng Z, Shi ZM, Liu LZ, Lin MC, Chen JY, Jiang BH. MiR-199a Inhibits Tumor Growth and Attenuates Chemoresistance by Targeting K-RAS via AKT and ERK Signalings. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1071. [PMID: 31681604 PMCID: PMC6803549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most malignant brain tumors in the world, the function and molecular mechanism of microRNA-199a (miR-199a) in glioma is not fully understood. Our research aims to investigate miR-199a/K-RAS axis in regulation of glioma tumor growth and chemoresistance. The function of miR-199a in glioma was investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. We found that miR-199a in tumor tissues of glioma patients was significantly downregulated in this study. Kinase suppressor of ras 1 (K-RAS), was indicated as a direct target of miR-199a, as well as expression levels of K-RAS were inversely correlated with expression levels of miR-199a in human glioma specimens. Forced expression of miR-199a suppressed AKT and ERK activation, decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression, inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration, forced expression of K-RAS restored the inhibitory effect of miR-199a on cell proliferation and cell migration. Moreover, miR-199a renders tumor cells more sensitive to temozolomide (TMZ) via targeting K-RAS. In vivo experiment validated that miR-199a functioned as a tumor suppressor, inhibited tumor growth by targeting K-RAS and suppressed activation of AKT, ERK and HIF-1α expression. Taken together, these findings indicated that miR-199a inhibits tumor growth and chemoresistance by regulating K-RAS, and the miR-199a/K-RAS axis is a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Bo Ji
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu-Mei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| | - Marie C Lin
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Down-regulation of RalGTPase-Activating Protein Promotes Colitis-Associated Cancer via NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 9:277-293. [PMID: 31622786 PMCID: PMC6957823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ral guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein α2 (RalGAPα2) is the major catalytic subunit of the negative regulators of the small guanosine triphosphatase Ral, a member of the Ras subfamily. Ral regulates tumorigenesis and invasion/metastasis of some cancers; however, the role of Ral in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) has not been investigated. We aimed to elucidate the role of Ral in the mechanism of CAC. METHODS We used wild-type (WT) mice and RalGAPα2 knockout (KO) mice that showed Ral activation, and bone marrow chimeric mice were generated as follows: WT to WT, WT to RalGAPα2 KO, RalGAPα2 KO to WT, and RalGAPα2 KO to RalGAPα2 KO mice. CAC was induced in these mice by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane followed by dextran sulfate sodium intake. Intestinal epithelial cells were isolated from colon tissues, and we performed complementary DNA microarray analysis. Cytokine expression in normal colon tissues and CAC was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Bone marrow chimeric mice showed that immune cell function between WT mice and RalGAPα2 KO mice was not significantly different in the CAC mechanism. RalGAPα2 KO mice had a significantly larger tumor number and size and a significantly higher proportion of tumors invading the submucosa than WT mice. Higher expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 were observed in RalGAPα2 KO mice than in WT mice. The expression levels of interleukin 1β, NLRP3, apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1 were apparently increased in the tumors of RalGAPα2 KO mice compared with WT mice. NLRP3 inhibitor reduced the number of invasive tumors. CONCLUSIONS Ral activation participates in the mechanism of CAC development via NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Galino J, Cervellini I, Zhu N, Stöberl N, Hütte M, Fricker FR, Lee G, McDermott L, Lalli G, Bennett DLH. RalGTPases contribute to Schwann cell repair after nerve injury via regulation of process formation. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2370-2387. [PMID: 31201266 PMCID: PMC6605803 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
RalA and RalB are involved in cell migration and membrane dynamics. This study finds that ablation of RalGTPases impairs nerve regeneration and alters Schwann cell process formation; conversely, activation of RalGTPases enhancea Schwann cell process formation, migration, and axon myelination. RalA and RalB are small GTPases that are involved in cell migration and membrane dynamics. We used transgenic mice in which one or both GTPases were genetically ablated to investigate the role of RalGTPases in the Schwann cell (SC) response to nerve injury and repair. RalGTPases were dispensable for SC function in the naive uninjured state. Ablation of both RalA and RalB (but not individually) in SCs resulted in impaired axon remyelination and target reinnervation following nerve injury, which resulted in slowed recovery of motor function. Ral GTPases were localized to the leading lamellipodia in SCs and were required for the formation and extension of both axial and radial processes of SCs. These effects were dependent on interaction with the exocyst complex and impacted on the rate of SC migration and myelination. Our results show that RalGTPases are required for efficient nerve repair by regulating SC process formation, migration, and myelination, therefore uncovering a novel role for these GTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Galino
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilaria Cervellini
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ning Zhu
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Stöberl
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Hütte
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Florence R Fricker
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Garrett Lee
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy McDermott
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanna Lalli
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - David L H Bennett
- The Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang L, Jiang F, Ma F, Zhang B. MiR-873-5p suppresses cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via directly targeting Jumonji domain-containing protein 8 through the NF-κB pathway in colorectal cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:549-560. [PMID: 31152315 PMCID: PMC6946786 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Recent studies showed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the development of diseases, such as CRC. However, the role of miR-873-5p in CRC remains unclear. In this study, we found that miR-873-5p expression was down-regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines, and the down-regulation of miR-873-5p expression was associated with poor survival in patients with CRC. MiR-873-5p could function as a tumour suppressor in CRC. It could inhibit the growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells; influence the cell cycle and enhance apoptosis of CRC cells. Bioinformatics and luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that Jumonji domain-containing protein 8 (JMJD8) was a target of miR-873-5p that could directly target the 3'UTR of JMJD8 and significantly inhibit its expression in CRC cells. This study also verified that JMJD8 functioned as an oncogene in CRC cells. The over-expression of JMJD8 could partly save the harmful effects induced by miR-873-5p in CRC cells, demonstrating that miR-873-5p suppressed carcinogenesis by targeting JMJD8 in CRC. We also verified that miR-873-5p over-expression could suppress CRC cell growth by inhibiting JMJD8 and its downstream NF-κB pathway in CRC. Hence, miR-873-5p inhibited tumour growth, and it may be a potential biomarker and a promising treatment for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Fuquan Jiang
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cemeli T, Guasch-Vallés M, Nàger M, Felip I, Cambray S, Santacana M, Gatius S, Pedraza N, Dolcet X, Ferrezuelo F, Schuhmacher AJ, Herreros J, Garí E. Cytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates glioblastoma dissemination. J Pathol 2019; 248:501-513. [PMID: 30957234 DOI: 10.1002/path.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly invasive brain neoplasia with an elevated recurrence rate after surgical resection. The cyclin D1 (Ccnd1)/Cdk4-retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) axis is frequently altered in GBM, leading to overproliferation by RB1 deletion or by Ccnd1-Cdk4 overactivation. High levels of Ccnd1-Cdk4 also promote GBM cell invasion by mechanisms that are not so well understood. The purpose of this work is to elucidate the in vivo role of cytoplasmic Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity in the dissemination of GBM. We show that Ccnd1 activates the invasion of primary human GBM cells through cytoplasmic RB1-independent mechanisms. By using GBM mouse models, we observed that evaded GBM cells showed cytoplasmic Ccnd1 colocalizing with regulators of cell invasion such as RalA and paxillin. Our genetic data strongly suggest that, in GBM cells, the Ccnd1-Cdk4 complex is acting upstream of those regulators. Accordingly, expression of Ccnd1 induces focal adhesion kinase, RalA and Rac1 activities. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated increased GBM dissemination after expression of membrane-targeted Ccnd1. We conclude that Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity promotes GBM dissemination through cytoplasmic and RB1-independent mechanisms. Therefore, inhibition of Ccnd1-Cdk4 activity may be useful to hinder the dissemination of recurrent GBM. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tània Cemeli
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Vallés
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mireia Nàger
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Isidre Felip
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Serafí Cambray
- Vascular and Renal Translational Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Pedraza
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Oncological Pathology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Alberto J Schuhmacher
- Biomedical Research Center of Aragon, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Judit Herreros
- Calcium Signaling, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- Cell Cycle, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Johansson J, Naszai M, Hodder MC, Pickering KA, Miller BW, Ridgway RA, Yu Y, Peschard P, Brachmann S, Campbell AD, Cordero JB, Sansom OJ. RAL GTPases Drive Intestinal Stem Cell Function and Regeneration through Internalization of WNT Signalosomes. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:592-607.e7. [PMID: 30853556 PMCID: PMC6459002 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ral GTPases are RAS effector molecules and by implication a potential therapeutic target for RAS mutant cancer. However, very little is known about their roles in stem cells and tissue homeostasis. Using Drosophila, we identified expression of RalA in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitor cells of the fly midgut. RalA was required within ISCs for efficient regeneration downstream of Wnt signaling. Within the murine intestine, genetic deletion of either mammalian ortholog, Rala or Ralb, reduced ISC function and Lgr5 positivity, drove hypersensitivity to Wnt inhibition, and impaired tissue regeneration following damage. Ablation of both genes resulted in rapid crypt death. Mechanistically, RALA and RALB were required for efficient internalization of the Wnt receptor Frizzled-7. Together, we identify a conserved role for RAL GTPases in the promotion of optimal Wnt signaling, which defines ISC number and regenerative potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Johansson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mate Naszai
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | - Bryan W Miller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Yachuan Yu
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julia B Cordero
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gong S, Chen Y, Meng F, Zhang Y, Wu H, Li C, Zhang G. RCC2, a regulator of the RalA signaling pathway, is identified as a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:5350-5365. [PMID: 30768358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801529rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent used for treatment of ovarian cancer, but gradually acquired drug resistance minimizes its therapeutic outcomes. We aimed to identify crucial genes associated with DDP resistance in ovarian cancer and uncover potential mechanisms. Two sets of gene expression data were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted. In our study, the differentially expressed genes between DDP-sensitive and DDP-resistant ovarian cancer were screened in GSE15709 and GSE51373 database, and chromosome condensation 2 regulator (RCC2) and nucleoporin 160 were identified as 2 genes that significantly up-regulated in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines compared with DDP-sensitive cell lines. Moreover, RCC2, Ral small GTPase (RalA), and Ral binding protein-1 (RalBP1) expression was found to be significantly higher in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer tissues than in DDP-sensitive tissues. RCC2 plays a positive role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RCC2 could interact with RalA, thus promoting its downstream effector RalBP1. RalA knockdown could reverse the effects of RCC2 overexpression on DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. Similarly, RalA overexpression could alleviate the effects of RCC2 knockdown in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, RCC2 may function as an oncogene, regulating the RalA signaling pathway, and intervention of RCC2 expression might be a promising therapeutic strategy for DDP-resistant ovarian cancer.-Gong, S., Chen, Y., Meng, F., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Li, C., Zhang, G. RCC2, a regulator of the RalA signaling pathway, is identified as a novel therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongning Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Chanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
McMaster ML, Berndt SI, Zhang J, Slager SL, Li SA, Vajdic CM, Smedby KE, Yan H, Birmann BM, Brown EE, Smith A, Kleinstern G, Fansler MM, Mayr C, Zhu B, Chung CC, Park JH, Burdette L, Hicks BD, Hutchinson A, Teras LR, Adami HO, Bracci PM, McKay J, Monnereau A, Link BK, Vermeulen RCH, Ansell SM, Maria A, Diver WR, Melbye M, Ojesina AI, Kraft P, Boffetta P, Clavel J, Giovannucci E, Besson CM, Canzian F, Travis RC, Vineis P, Weiderpass E, Montalvan R, Wang Z, Yeager M, Becker N, Benavente Y, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Staines A, Conde L, Riby J, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Pradhan N, Feldman AL, Novak AJ, Lawrence C, Bassig BA, Lan Q, Zheng T, North KE, Tinker LF, Cozen W, Severson RK, Hofmann JN, Zhang Y, Jackson RD, Morton LM, Purdue MP, Chatterjee N, Offit K, Cerhan JR, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Vijai J, Goldin LR, Skibola CF, Caporaso NE. Two high-risk susceptibility loci at 6p25.3 and 14q32.13 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4182. [PMID: 30305637 PMCID: PMC6180091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare, chronic B-cell lymphoma with high heritability. We conduct a two-stage genome-wide association study of WM/LPL in 530 unrelated cases and 4362 controls of European ancestry and identify two high-risk loci associated with WM/LPL at 6p25.3 (rs116446171, near EXOC2 and IRF4; OR = 21.14, 95% CI: 14.40-31.03, P = 1.36 × 10-54) and 14q32.13 (rs117410836, near TCL1; OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 3.45-6.96, P = 8.75 × 10-19). Both risk alleles are observed at a low frequency among controls (~2-3%) and occur in excess in affected cases within families. In silico data suggest that rs116446171 may have functional importance, and in functional studies, we demonstrate increased reporter transcription and proliferation in cells transduced with the 6p25.3 risk allele. Although further studies are needed to fully elucidate underlying biological mechanisms, together these loci explain 4% of the familial risk and provide insights into genetic susceptibility to this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Huihuang Yan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Alex Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Geffen Kleinstern
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Mervin M Fansler
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate College, New York, 10021, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Christine Mayr
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Institute of Health and Society, Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94118, CA, USA
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
- Registry of Hematological Malignancies in Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Brian K Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Besson
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, Inserm U1018, Centre pour la Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, 78157, France
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
| | | | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadie
- EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, 21070, France
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jacques Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, 02903, RI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98117, WA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Ontario Health Study, Toronto, M5S 1C6, ON, Canada
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kitajima S, Asahina H, Chen T, Guo S, Quiceno LG, Cavanaugh JD, Merlino AA, Tange S, Terai H, Kim JW, Wang X, Zhou S, Xu M, Wang S, Zhu Z, Thai TC, Takahashi C, Wang Y, Neve R, Stinson S, Tamayo P, Watanabe H, Kirschmeier PT, Wong KK, Barbie DA. Overcoming Resistance to Dual Innate Immune and MEK Inhibition Downstream of KRAS. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:439-452.e6. [PMID: 30205046 PMCID: PMC6422029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts, oncogenic KRAS remains resistant to targeted therapy. Combined downstream RAL-TBK1 and MEK inhibition induces only transient lung tumor shrinkage in KRAS-driven genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Using the sensitive KRAS;LKB1 (KL) mutant background, we identify YAP1 upregulation and a therapy-induced secretome as mediators of acquired resistance. This program is reversible, associated with H3K27 promoter acetylation, and suppressed by BET inhibition, resensitizing resistant KL cells to TBK1/MEK inhibition. Constitutive YAP1 signaling promotes intrinsic resistance in KRAS;TP53 (KP) mutant lung cancer. Intermittent treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 thus overcomes resistance to combined pathway inhibition in KL and KP GEMMs. Using potent and selective TBK1 and BET inhibitors we further develop an effective therapeutic strategy with potential translatability to the clinic.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/immunology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hajime Asahina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sujuan Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Gutierrez Quiceno
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jillian D Cavanaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashley A Merlino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideki Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaoen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stephen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zehua Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tran C Thai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chiaki Takahashi
- Division of Oncology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yujin Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | | | - Pablo Tamayo
- Moores Cancer Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hideo Watanabe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul T Kirschmeier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
KRAS-Mutant non-small cell lung cancer: From biology to therapy. Lung Cancer 2018; 124:53-64. [PMID: 30268480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most frequent oncogene driver mutation in Western countries is Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and KRAS-mutant NSCLC is associated with smoking. There are various sources of biological heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant NSCLC, including different genotypes that may be associated with specific clinical outcomes, the presence of other co-mutations that exhibit different biological features and drug sensitivity patterns, and mutant allelic content. The efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC is generally poor and numerous novel therapeutic strategies have been developed. These approaches include targeting KRAS membrane associations, targeting downstream signalling pathways, the use of KRAS synthetic lethality, direct targeting of KRAS, and immunotherapy. Of these, immunotherapy may be one of the most promising treatment approaches for patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC. Recent data also suggest the potential for distinct efficacy of immunotherapy according to the presence of other co-mutations. In view of the biological heterogeneity of KRAS-mutant NSCLC, treatment will likely need to be individualised and, in future, may require the use of rational combinations of treatment, many of which are currently under investigation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Inchanalkar S, Deshpande NU, Kasherwal V, Jayakannan M, Balasubramanian N. Polymer Nanovesicle-Mediated Delivery of MLN8237 Preferentially Inhibits Aurora Kinase A To Target RalA and Anchorage-Independent Growth in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3046-3059. [PMID: 29863884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase RalA is a known mediator of anchorage-independent growth in cancers and is differentially regulated by adhesion and aurora kinase A (AURKA). Hence, inhibiting AURKA offers a means of specifically targeting RalA (over RalB) in cancer cells. MLN8237 (alisertib) is a known inhibitor of aurora kinases; its specificity for AURKA, however, is compromised by its poor solubility and transport across the cell membrane. A polymer nanovesicle platform is used for the first time to deliver and differentially inhibit AURKA in cancer cells. For this purpose, polysaccharide nanovesicles made from amphiphilic dextran were used as nanocarriers to successfully administer MLN8237 (VMLN) in cancer cells in 2D and 3D microenvironments. These nanovesicles (<200 nm) carry the drug in their intermembrane space with up to 85% of it released by the action of esterase enzyme(s). Lysotracker experiments reveal the polymer nanovesicles localize in the lysosomal compartment of the cell, where they are enzymatically targeted and MLN released in a controlled manner. Rhodamine B fluorophore trapped in the nanovesicles hydrophilic core (VMLN+RhB) allows us to visualize its uptake and localization in cells in a 2D and 3D microenvironment. In breast cancer, MCF-7 cells VMLN inhibits AURKA significantly better than the free drug at low concentrations (0.02-0.04 μM). This ensures that the drug in VMLN at these concentrations can specifically inhibit up to 94% of endogenous AURKA without affecting AURKB. This targeting of AURKA causes the downstream differential inhibition of active RalA (but not RalB). Free MLN8237 at similar concentrations and conditions failed to affect RalA activation. VMLN-mediated inhibition of RalA, in turn, disrupts the anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells supporting a role for the AURKA-RalA crosstalk in mediating the same. These studies not only identify the polysaccharide nanovesicle to be an improved way to efficiently deliver low concentrations of MLN8237 to inhibit AURKA but, in doing so, also help reveal a role for AURKA and its crosstalk with RalA in anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells.
Collapse
|
37
|
Schmidt ML, Hobbing KR, Donninger H, Clark GJ. RASSF1A Deficiency Enhances RAS-Driven Lung Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2614-2623. [PMID: 29735543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. It has been hypothesized that inactivation of the RASSF1A tumor suppressor facilitates K-RAS-mediated transformation by uncoupling it from apoptotic pathways such as the Hippo pathway. In human lung tumors, combined activation of K-RAS and inactivation of RASSF1A is closely associated with the development of the most aggressive and worst prognosis tumors. Here, we describe the first transgenic mouse model for activation of K-RAS in the lung in a RASSF1A-defective background. RASSF1A deficiency profoundly enhanced the development of K-RAS-driven lung tumors in vivo Analysis of these tumors showed loss of RASSF1A-uncoupled RAS from the proapoptotic Hippo pathway as expected. We also observed an upregulation of AKT and RALGEF signaling in the RASSF1A- tumors. Heterozygosity of RASSF1A alone mimicked many of the effects of RAS activation on mitogenic signaling in lung tissue, yet no tumors developed, indicating that nonstandard Ras signaling pathways may be playing a key role in tumor formation in vivo In addition, we observed a marked increase in inflammation and IL6 production in RASSF1A-deficient tumors. Thus, RASSF1A loss profoundly affects RAS-driven lung tumorigenesis and mitogenic signaling in vivo Deregulation of inflammatory pathways due to loss of RASSF1A may be essential for RAS-mediated tumorigenesis. These results may have considerable ramifications for future targeted therapy against RAS+/RASSF1A- tumors.Significance: A transgenic mouse model shows that suppression of RASSF1A dramatically enhances Ras-driven tumorigenesis and alters Ras signaling pathway activity.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/10/2614/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(10); 2614-23. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lee Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Katharine R Hobbing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Howard Donninger
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Geoffrey J Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eckfeldt CE, Pomeroy EJ, Lee RDW, Hazen KS, Lee LA, Moriarity BS, Largaespada DA. RALB provides critical survival signals downstream of Ras in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65147-65156. [PMID: 27556501 PMCID: PMC5323144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations that activate RAS proto-oncogenes and their effectors are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, efforts to therapeutically target Ras or its effectors have been unsuccessful, and have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of which effectors are required for AML proliferation and survival. We investigated the role of Ras effector pathways in AML using murine and human AML models. Whereas genetic disruption of NRAS(V12) expression in an NRAS(V12) and Mll-AF9-driven murine AML induced apoptosis of leukemic cells, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling did not reproduce this effect. Conversely, genetic disruption of RALB signaling induced AML cell death and phenocopied the effects of suppressing oncogenic Ras directly - uncovering a novel role for RALB signaling in AML survival. Knockdown of RALB led to decreased phosphorylation of TBK1 and reduced BCL2 expression, providing mechanistic insight into RALB survival signaling in AML. Notably, we found that patient-derived AML blasts have higher levels of RALB-TBK1 signaling compared to normal blood leukocytes, supporting a pathophysiologic role for RALB signaling for AML patients. Overall, our work provides new insight into the specific roles of Ras effector pathways in AML and has identified RALB signaling as a key survival pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig E Eckfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Emily J Pomeroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Robin D W Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine S Hazen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lindsey A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gu C, Feng M, Yin Z, Luo X, Yang J, Li Y, Li T, Wang R, Fei J. RalA, a GTPase targeted by miR-181a, promotes transformation and progression by activating the Ras-related signaling pathway in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20561-73. [PMID: 26967392 PMCID: PMC4991475 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BCR/ABL is a well-known activator of multiple signaling pathways. RalA, a Ras downstream signaling molecule and a small GTPase, plays an important role in Bcr-Abl-induced leukemogenesis but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that RalA GTPase activity is commonly high in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines and patient samples. Overexpression of RalA results in malignant transformation and progression, and induces resistance to imatinib (IM) in BaF3 and K562 cell lines. RalA reduced survival and led to IM resistance in a xenografted mouse model. Ablation of RalA by either siRNA or miR-181a, a RalA targeting microRNA, attenuated the malignant phenotypes in K562 cells. RBC8, a selective Ral inhibitor, enhanced the inhibitory effects of IM in K562, KCL22 and BaF3-P210 cells. Interestingly, the phospho-specific protein microarray assay revealed that multiple phosphorylation signal proteins were decreased by RalA inhibition, including SAPK, JNK, SRC, VEGFR2, P38 MAPK, c-Kit, JunB, and Keratin18. Among them, P38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK are Ras downstream signaling kinases. Taken together, RalA GTPase might be an important oncogene activating the Ras-related signaling pathway in CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Insititute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Maoxiao Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaochuang Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Juhua Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfu Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Insititute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
D’Aloia A, Berruti G, Costa B, Schiller C, Ambrosini R, Pastori V, Martegani E, Ceriani M. RalGPS2 is involved in tunneling nanotubes formation in 5637 bladder cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:349-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
41
|
Li J, Dai L, Lei N, Xing M, Li P, Luo C, Casiano CA, Zhang JY. Evaluation and characterization of anti-RalA autoantibody as a potential serum biomarker in human prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43546-43556. [PMID: 27286458 PMCID: PMC5190043 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against intracellular tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are commonly found in human cancers. In this study, we characterized the serum autoantibody response to the RalA, Ras-like GTPase, in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The autoantibodies were detected by immunofluorescence assay in PCa cell lines, ELISA, and immunoblotting in 339 serum samples from patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and in normal human sera (NHS). The expression of RalA in prostate tumor tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor microarrays. The autoantibody level to RalA (median) in NHS was significantly lower than in PCa (0.053 vs 0.138; P < 0.001) and BPH (0.053 vs 0.132; P < 0.005) groups. The circulating anti-RalA autoantibody could distinguish PCa patients from normal individuals with the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) performing at 0.861, with sensitivity of 52.9% and specificity of 91.0%. Elevation in serum immunoreactivity was observed in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy. The combined use of both anti-RalA autoantibody and PSA showed a significantly higher discriminatory ability compared with either of those markers alone. RalA protein expression was detected by IHC in 85.3% of tumor tissues from PCa patients, but without significant difference compared to BPH or normal control tissues. Together, our study shows the additional benefits of anti-RalA autoantibody as a potential serological biomarker for PCa, particularly in patients with normal PSA, and further demonstrate the utility of biomarker combinations in the immunodiagnosis of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Liping Dai
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Ningjing Lei
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mengtao Xing
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Chenglin Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology and Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moghadam AR, Patrad E, Tafsiri E, Peng W, Fangman B, Pluard TJ, Accurso A, Salacz M, Shah K, Ricke B, Bi D, Kimura K, Graves L, Najad MK, Dolatkhah R, Sanaat Z, Yazdi M, Tavakolinia N, Mazani M, Amani M, Ghavami S, Gartell R, Reilly C, Naima Z, Esfandyari T, Farassati F. Ral signaling pathway in health and cancer. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2998-3013. [PMID: 29047224 PMCID: PMC5727330 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ral (Ras-Like) signaling pathway plays an important role in the biology of cells. A plethora of effects is regulated by this signaling pathway and its prooncogenic effectors. Our team has demonstrated the overactivation of the RalA signaling pathway in a number of human malignancies including cancers of the liver, ovary, lung, brain, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Additionally, we have shown that the activation of RalA in cancer stem cells is higher in comparison with differentiated cancer cells. In this article, we review the role of Ral signaling in health and disease with a focus on the role of this multifunctional protein in the generation of therapies for cancer. An improved understanding of this pathway can lead to development of a novel class of anticancer therapies that functions on the basis of intervention with RalA or its downstream effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Rezaei Moghadam
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Elham Patrad
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Elham Tafsiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Presbyterian Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Warner Peng
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Benjamin Fangman
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Timothy J Pluard
- Saint Luke's HospitalUniversity of Missouri at Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Anthony Accurso
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Michael Salacz
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Kushal Shah
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Brandon Ricke
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Danse Bi
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Kyle Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Leland Graves
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Marzieh Khajoie Najad
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Roya Dolatkhah
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Mina Yazdi
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Mohammad Mazani
- Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, BiochemistryArdabilIran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, BiochemistryArdabilIran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Robyn Gartell
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Presbyterian Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Colleen Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Zaid Naima
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Tuba Esfandyari
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine LaboratoryThe University of Kansas Medical SchoolKansas CityKansas
| | - Faris Farassati
- Research Service (151)Kansas City Veteran Affairs Medical Center & Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation4801 E Linwood BlvdKansas CityMissouri64128‐2226
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wei WT, Nian XX, Wang SY, Jiao HL, Wang YX, Xiao ZY, Yang RW, Ding YQ, Ye YP, Liao WT. miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:91. [PMID: 29118671 PMCID: PMC5664829 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are regarded as molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC), a series of miRNAs have been proven to involve into CRC carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Aberrant miR-422a expression and its roles have been reported in some cancers. However, the function and underlying mechanism of miR-422a in the progression of CRC remain largely unknown. METHODS Real-time PCR were used to quantify miR-422a expression in CRC tissues. Both vivo and vitro functional assays showed miR-422a inhibits CRC cell proliferation. Target prediction program (miRBase) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 of miR-422a. Specimens from 50 patients with CRC were analyzed for the correlation between the expression of miR-422a and the expression of the target genes AKT1 and MAPK1 by real-time PCR. RESULTS MiR-422a was down‑regulated in CRC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-422a inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth ability; inhibition of endogenous miR-422a, by contrast, promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth ability of CRC cells. MiR-422a directly targets 3'-UTR of the AKT1 and MAPK1, down-regulation of miR-422a led to the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to promote cell proliferation in CRC. In addition, miR-422a expression was negatively correlated with the expressions of AKT1 and MAPK1 in CRC tissues. CONCLUSION miR-422a inhibits cell proliferation in colorectal cancer by targeting AKT1 and MAPK1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xin-Xin Nian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Shu-Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Li Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yong-Xia Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Run-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ya-Ping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu SC, Ning P. Predicting pathogenic genes for primary myelofibrosis based on a system‑network approach. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:186-192. [PMID: 29115418 PMCID: PMC5780125 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to predict pathogenic genes for primary myelofibrosis (PMF) using a system‑network approach by combining protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network and gene expression data with known pathogenic genes. PMF gene expression profiles, known pathogenic genes and protein‑protein interactions were obtained. Using these data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between PMF and normal conditions using significance analysis of microarrays, and seed genes were determined based on the intersection of known pathogenic genes and the PMF gene expression profile. A new network was constructed using the seed genes and their adjacent DEGs within the PPI network. Subsequently, a pathogenic network was extracted from the new network, and contained genes that interacted with at least two seed genes, and the candidate pathogenic genes were predicted based on the cohesion with seed genes. Cluster analysis was performed to mine the pathogenic modules from the pathogenic network, and functional analysis was performed to identify the putative biological processes of the candidate pathogenic genes. Results from the present study identified 845 DEGs between PMF and normal conditions, and 45 seed genes in PMF were screened. Subsequently, a pathogenic network comprising 103 nodes and 265 interactions was constructed, and 4 pathogenic modules (modules A‑D) were mined from the pathogenic network. There were nine candidate pathogenic genes contained within Module A and four potential pathogenic genes, including E1A‑binding protein p300, RAS‑like proto‑oncogene A, von Willebrand factor and RAF‑1 proto‑oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, were identified that may be involved in the same biological process with the seed genes. This study predicted 10 candidate pathogenic genes and several signaling pathways that may be related to the pathogenesis of PMF using a system‑network approach. These predictions may shed light on the PMF pathogenesis and may provide guidelines for future experimental verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Cai Xu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ning
- Department of Traumatic Hand and Foot Surgery, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ruiz R, Jahid S, Harris M, Marzese DM, Espitia F, Vasudeva P, Chen CF, de Feraudy S, Wu J, Gillen DL, Krasieva TB, Tromberg BJ, Pavan WJ, Hoon DS, Ganesan AK. The RhoJ-BAD signaling network: An Achilles' heel for BRAF mutant melanomas. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006913. [PMID: 28753606 PMCID: PMC5549996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes and pathways that allow cells to cope with oncogene-induced stress represent selective cancer therapeutic targets that remain largely undiscovered. In this study, we identify a RhoJ signaling pathway that is a selective therapeutic target for BRAF mutant cells. RhoJ deletion in BRAF mutant melanocytes modulates the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD as well as genes involved in cellular metabolism, impairing nevus formation, cellular transformation, and metastasis. Short-term treatment of nascent melanoma tumors with PAK inhibitors that block RhoJ signaling halts the growth of BRAF mutant melanoma tumors in vivo and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells in vitro via a BAD-dependent mechanism. As up to 50% of BRAF mutant human melanomas express high levels of RhoJ, these studies nominate the RhoJ-BAD signaling network as a therapeutic vulnerability for fledgling BRAF mutant human tumors. BRAFV600E is the most common mutation in human melanomas, and kinase inhibitors that block BRAFV600E signaling can rapidly induce tumor regression but only modestly improve melanoma long-term survival. In this study, we identify a novel therapeutic vulnerability for BRAF mutant melanoma tumors. Targeting RhoJ signaling with existing PAK inhibitors was more efficient at blocking the progression of BRAF mutant tumors in vivo when compared to kinase inhibitors currently used to treat melanoma. Approximately half of all human BRAF mutant melanoma tumors express high levels of RhoJ, identifying the RhoJ-BAD pathway as a novel target for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Ruiz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sohail Jahid
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Melissa Harris
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Diego M. Marzese
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Francisco Espitia
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Priya Vasudeva
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Chi-Fen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Sebastien de Feraudy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Gillen
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana B. Krasieva
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - William J. Pavan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Dave S. Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute (JWCI), Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States of America
| | - Anand K. Ganesan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pedraza N, Cemeli T, Monserrat MV, Garí E, Ferrezuelo F. Regulation of small GTPase activity by G1 cyclins. Small GTPases 2017; 10:47-53. [PMID: 28129038 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1268665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partner G1 cyclins control cell cycle entry by phosphorylating a number of nuclear targets and releasing a transcriptional program at the end of G1 phase. Yeast G1 cyclins also operate on cytoplasmic targets involved in the polarization of the cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. These processes are mainly controlled by the small GTPase Cdc42, and G1 cyclins regulate the activity of this and other small GTPases through the modulation of their regulators and effectors. This regulation is key for different developmental outcomes in unicellular organisms. In mammalian cells cytoplasmic G1 cyclin D1 has been shown to promote the activity of Rac1 and Ral GTPases and to block RhoA. Regulation of these small GTPases by G1 cyclins may constitute a mechanism to coordinate proliferation with cell migration and morphogenesis, important processes not only during normal development and organogenesis but also for tumor formation and metastasis. Here we briefly review the evidence supporting a role of G1 cyclins and CDKs as regulators of the activity of small GTPases, emphasizing their functional relevance both in budding yeast and in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Pedraza
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Tània Cemeli
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Ma Ventura Monserrat
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Eloi Garí
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Francisco Ferrezuelo
- a Cell Cycle Lab, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , and Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques , Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Lleida , Lleida , Catalonia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pomeroy EJ, Lee LA, Lee RDW, Schirm DK, Temiz NA, Ma J, Gruber TA, Diaz-Flores E, Moriarity BS, Downing JR, Shannon KM, Largaespada DA, Eckfeldt CE. Ras oncogene-independent activation of RALB signaling is a targetable mechanism of escape from NRAS(V12) oncogene addiction in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene 2016; 36:3263-3273. [PMID: 27991934 PMCID: PMC5464975 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations that lead to constitutive activation of NRAS and KRAS proto-oncogenes are among the most common in human cancer and frequently occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). An inducible NRAS(V12)-driven AML mouse model has established a critical role for continued NRAS(V12) expression in leukemia maintenance. In this model genetic suppression of NRAS(V12) expression results in rapid leukemia remission, but some mice undergo spontaneous relapse with NRAS(V12)-independent (NRI) AMLs providing an opportunity to identify mechanisms that bypass the requirement for Ras oncogene activity and drive leukemia relapse. We found that relapsed NRI AMLs are devoid of NRAS(V12) expression and signaling through the major oncogenic Ras effector pathways, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, but express higher levels of an alternate Ras effector, Ralb, and exhibit NRI phosphorylation of the RALB effector TBK1, implicating RALB signaling in AML relapse. Functional studies confirmed that inhibiting CDK5-mediated RALB activation with a clinically relevant experimental drug, dinaciclib, led to potent RALB-dependent antileukemic effects in human AML cell lines, induced apoptosis in patient-derived AML samples in vitro and led to a 2-log reduction in the leukemic burden in patient-derived xenograft mice. Furthermore, dinaciclib potently suppressed the clonogenic potential of relapsed NRI AMLs in vitro and prevented the development of relapsed AML in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that Ras oncogene-independent activation of RALB signaling is a therapeutically targetable mechanism of escape from NRAS oncogene addiction in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Pomeroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - L A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - R D W Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D K Schirm
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - N A Temiz
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Ma
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - T A Gruber
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Diaz-Flores
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B S Moriarity
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K M Shannon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D A Largaespada
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - C E Eckfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Analysis of Microarray Data on Gene Expression and Methylation to Identify Long Non-coding RNAs in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37233. [PMID: 27849024 PMCID: PMC5110979 DOI: 10.1038/srep37233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify what long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed microarray data on gene expression and methylation. Gene expression chip and HumanMethylation450BeadChip were used to interrogate genome-wide expression and methylation in tumor samples. Differential expression and methylation were analyzed through comparing tumors with adjacent non-tumor tissues. LncRNAs expressed differentially and correlated with coding genes and DNA methylation were validated in additional tumor samples using RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing. In vitro experiments were performed to evaluate lncRNA’s effects on tumor cells. We identified 8,500 lncRNAs expressed differentially between tumor and non-tumor tissues, of which 1,504 were correlated with mRNA expression. Two of the lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, were positively correlated with expression of two cancer-related genes, KPNA2 and RCC2, respectively. High expression of LOC146880 and ENST00000439577 were also associated with poor survival. Analysis of lncRNA expression in relation to DNA methylation showed that LOC146880 expression was down-regulated by DNA methylation in its promoter. Lowering the expression of LOC146880 or ENST00000439577 in tumor cells could inhibit cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Analysis of microarray data on gene expression and methylation allows us to identify two lncRNAs, LOC146880 and ENST00000439577, which may promote the progression of NSCLC.
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang SY, Gao K, Deng DL, Cai JJ, Xiao ZY, He LQ, Jiao HL, Ye YP, Yang RW, Li TT, Liang L, Liao WT, Ding YQ. TLE4 promotes colorectal cancer progression through activation of JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2878-88. [PMID: 26701208 PMCID: PMC4823078 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Groucho transcriptional co-repressor TLE4 protein has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia. However, little is known about its role in development and progression of solid tumor. In this study, we found that the expression of TLE4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues was significantly higher than that in their matched adjacent intestine epithelial tissues. In addition, high expression of TLE4 was significantly correlated with advanced Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of CRC. Moreover, enforced expression of TLE4 in CRC cell lines significantly enhanced proliferation, invasion and tumor growth. On the contrary, knock down of TLE4 repressed cell proliferation, invasion and tumor growth. Furthermore, our study exhibited that the TLE4 promoted cell proliferation and invasion partially via activation of JNK-c-Jun pathway and subsequently increased cyclinD1 and decreased P27Kip1 expression. In conclusion, these results suggested that TLE4, a potential prognostic biomarker for CRC, plays an important role in the development and progression of human CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Ling Deng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan-Juan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liu-Qing He
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Li Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Ping Ye
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Run-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang H, Li W. Dysregulation of micro-143-3p and BALBP1 contributes to the pathogenesis of the development of ovarian carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3605-3610. [PMID: 27748916 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to identify the association between mir-143-3p and RalA-binding protein 1 (RALBP1), and their roles in regulating the development of ovarian cancer. Overexpression of RALBP1 induced apoptosis of the ovarian cancer cells, and developed ovarian cancer. In silico analysis and luciferase assay were used to identify whether RALBP1 was the target of mir-143-3p. Subsequently, real‑time PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression level of mir-143-3p, RALBP1 mRNA and protein in different groups, furthermore, MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to detect the viability and apoptosis of cells in different treatment groups. We identified RALBP1 as a target gene of miR-143-3p using computational analysis, and the luciferase activity of cells transfected with wild-type RALBP1 and RALBP1 siRNA were much lower than the scramble control, however, the luciferase activity of cells transfected with mutant RALBP1 was similar with scramble control. The real-time PCR and western blot results suggested that the miR‑143-3p level was markedly lower in participants with ovarian cancer compared with normal control, while the expression of RALBP1 mRNA and protein were evidently overexpressed in participants with ovarian cancer compared with normal control. Furthermore, the RALBP1 mRNA and protein level in cells transfected with miR-143-3p mimics and RALBP1 siRNA were downregulated, while notably upregulated subsequent to transfection with miR-143-3p inhibitor, when compared with scramble control. Additionally, the viability of cells were inhibited following transfection with miR-143-3p mimics and RALBP1 siRNA, while notably promoted subsequent to transfection with miR-143-3p inhibitor. Apoptosis of cells were promoted following transfection with miR-143-3p mimics and RALBP1 siRNA, while notably inhibited subsequent to transfection with miR-143-3p inhibitor. These findings provide support that downregulation of the miR-143-3p is associated with a decreased risk of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Wanbin Li
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272113, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|