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Kwon T, Leroux AC, Zang H, Pollard D, Zehe C, Akbari S. Cell-based shear stress sensor for bioprocessing. J Biotechnol 2024; 390:71-79. [PMID: 38685415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Shear stress during bioreactor cultivation has significant impact on cell health, growth, and fate. Mammalian cells, such as T cells and stem cells, in next-generation cell therapies are especially more sensitive to shear stress present in their culture environment than bacteria. Therefore, a base knowledge about the shear stress imposed by the bioprocesses is needed to optimize the process parameters and enhance cell growth and yield. However, typical computational flow dynamics modeling or PCR-based assays have several limitations. Implementing and interpreting computational modeling often requires technical specialties and also relies on many simplifications in modeling. PCR-based assays evaluating changes in gene expression involve cumbersome sample preparation with the use of advanced lab equipment and technicians, hampering rapid and straightforward assessment of shear stress. Here, we developed a simple, cell-based shear stress sensor for measuring shear stress levels in different bioreactor types and operating conditions. We engineered a CHO-DG44 cell line to make its stress sensitive promoter EGR-1 control GFP expression. Subsequently, the stressed CHO cells were transferred into a 96 well plate, and their GFP levels (population mean fluorescence) were monitored using a cell analysis instrument (Incucyte®, Sartorius Stedim Biotech) over 24 hours. After conducting sensor characterization, which included chemical induced stress and fluid shear stress, and stability investigation, we tested the shear stress sensor in the Ambr® 250 bioreactor vessels (Sartorius Stedim Biotech) with different impeller and vessel designs. The results showed that the CHO cell-based shear stress sensors expressed higher GFP levels in response to higher shear stress magnitude or exposure time. These sensors are useful tools to assess shear stress imposed by bioreactor conditions and can facilitate the design of various bioreactor vessels with a low shear stress profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehong Kwon
- Sartorius Stedim North America Inc., United States
| | | | - Han Zang
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Samin Akbari
- Sartorius Stedim North America Inc., United States.
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2
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An Y, Wang Z, Wu FG. Fluorescent carbon dots for discriminating cell types: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05328-3. [PMID: 38886239 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are quasi-spherical carbon nanoparticles with excellent photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, favorable photostability, and easily modifiable surfaces. CDs, serving as fluorescent probes, have emerged as an ideal tool for cellular differentiation owing to their outstanding luminescence performance and tunable surface properties. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress with CDs in the differentiation of cancer/normal cells, Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria, and live/dead cells, as well as the cellular differences used for differentiation. Additionally, we summarize the preparation methods, raw materials, and properties of the CDs used for cell discrimination. The differentiation mechanisms and the advantages or limitations of the differentiation methods are also introduced. Finally, we propose several research challenges in this field and future research directions that require extensive investigation. It is hoped that this review will help researchers in the design of new CDs as ideal fluorescent probes for realizing diverse cell differentiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong An
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices of Jiangsu Province, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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3
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Li JM, Liu YZ, Lv XF, Zhou DH, Zhang H, Chen YJ, Li K. Construction of a novel aminofluorene-based ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence probe for detecting carboxylesterase activity in living cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3641-3645. [PMID: 38812419 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we constructed a novel aminofluorene-based fluorescence probe (FEN-CE) for the detection of carboxylesterase (CE) in living cells by a ratiometric near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal. FEN-CE with NIR emission (650 nm) could be hydrolyzed specifically by CE and transformed to FENH with the release of the self-immolative group, which exhibited a red-shifted emission peak of 680 nm. In addition, FEN-CE showed high selectivity for CE and was successfully used in the detection of CE activity in living cells through its ratiometric NIR fluorescence signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Ding-Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29, Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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4
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Thite NG, Tuberty-Vaughan E, Wilcox P, Wallace N, Calderon CP, Randolph TW. Stain-Free Approach to Determine and Monitor Cell Heath Using Supervised and Unsupervised Image-Based Deep Learning. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00173-4. [PMID: 38710387 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) are a growing class of therapeutics that promise new treatments for complex and rare diseases. Given the inherent complexity of the whole human cells comprising CBMPs, there is a need for robust and fast analytical methods for characterization, process monitoring, and quality control (QC) testing during their manufacture. Existing techniques to evaluate and monitor cell quality typically constitute labor-intensive, expensive, and highly specific staining assays. In this work, we combine image-based deep learning with flow imaging microscopy (FIM) to predict cell health metrics using cellular morphology "fingerprints" extracted from images of unstained Jurkat cells (immortalized human T-lymphocyte cells). A supervised (i.e., algorithm trained with human-generated labels for images) fingerprinting algorithm, trained on images of unstained healthy and dead cells, provides a robust stain-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive method for determining cell viability. Results from the stain-free method are in good agreement with traditional stain-based cytometric viability measurements. Additionally, when trained with images of healthy cells, dead cells and cells undergoing chemically induced apoptosis, the supervised fingerprinting algorithm is able to distinguish between the three cell states, and the results are independent of specific treatments or signaling pathways. We then show that an unsupervised variational autoencoder (VAE) algorithm trained on the same images, but without human-generated labels, is able to distinguish between samples of healthy, dead and apoptotic cells along with cellular debris based on learned morphological features and without human input. With this, we demonstrate that VAEs are a powerful exploratory technique that can be used as a process monitoring analytical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi G Thite
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Emma Tuberty-Vaughan
- Dosage Form Design & Development (DFDD), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Paige Wilcox
- Dosage Form Design & Development (DFDD), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nicole Wallace
- Dosage Form Design & Development (DFDD), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Christopher P Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Ursa Analytics, Denver, CO 80212, USA
| | - Theodore W Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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5
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Khalef L, Lydia R, Filicia K, Moussa B. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays: Biochemical elements and cellular compartments. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4007. [PMID: 38593323 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays play a crucial role in drug screening and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of various chemicals. The quantification of cell viability and proliferation serves as the cornerstone for numerous in vitro assays that assess cellular responses to external factors. In the last decade, several studies have developed guidelines for defining and interpreting cell viability and cytotoxicity based on morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. As this domain continues to experience ongoing growth, revealing new mechanisms orchestrating diverse cell cytotoxicity pathways, we suggest a revised classification for multiple assays employed in evaluating cell viability and cell death. This classification is rooted in the cellular compartment and/or biochemical element involved, with a specific focus on mechanistic and essential aspects of the process. The assays are founded on diverse cell functions, encompassing metabolic activity, enzyme activity, cell membrane permeability and integrity, adenosine 5'-triphosphate content, cell adherence, reduction equivalents, dye inclusion or exclusion, constitutive protease activity, colony formation, DNA fragmentation and nuclear splitting. These assays present straightforward, reliable, sensitive, reproducible, cost-effective, and high-throughput approaches for appraising the effects of newly formulated chemotherapeutic biomolecules on the cell survival during the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lefsih Khalef
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Radja Lydia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Khettar Filicia
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Berkoud Moussa
- Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie, Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Biotechnologie et Santé, Université Mouloud Mammeri de Tizi ouzou, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
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6
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Choi S, Lee IY, Kim MJ, Lee SK, Lee KY. Multi-Functional Polymer Nanoparticles with Enhanced Adipocyte Uptake and Adipocytolytic Efficacy. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300312. [PMID: 37902246 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Multi-functional polymer nanoparticles have been widely utilized to improve cellular uptake and enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, it is hypothesized that the cellular uptake of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) nanoparticles loaded with calcium carbonate minerals into adipocytes can be improved by covalent modification with nona-arginine (R9 ) peptide. It is further hypothesized that the internalization mechanism of R9 -modified PLG nanoparticles by adipocytes may be contingent on the concentration of R9 peptide present in the nanoparticles. R9 -modified PLG nanoparticles followed the direct penetration mechanism when the concentration of R9 peptide in the nanoparticles reached 38 µM. Notably, macropinocytosis is the major endocytic mechanism when the R9 peptide concentration is ≤ 26 µM. The endocytic uptake of the nanoparticles effectively generated carbon dioxide gas at an endosomal pH, resulting in significant adipocytolytic effects in vitro, which are further supported by the findings in an obese mouse model induced by high-fat diet. Gas-generating PLG nanoparticles, modified with R9 peptide, demonstrated localized reduction of adipose tissue (reduction of 13.1%) after subcutaneous injection without significant side effects. These findings highlight the potential of multi-functional polymer nanoparticles for the development of effective and targeted fat reduction techniques, addressing both health and cosmetic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suim Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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7
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Nishida H, Albero AB, Onoue K, Ikegawa Y, Sulekh S, Sakizli U, Minami Y, Yonemura S, Wang YC, Yoo SK. Necrosensor: a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for visualizing necrosis in Drosophila. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060104. [PMID: 38156558 PMCID: PMC10836653 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, necrosis has been considered a passive process, which is induced by extreme stress or damage. However, recent findings of necroptosis, a programmed form of necrosis, shed a new light on necrosis. It has been challenging to detect necrosis reliably in vivo, partly due to the lack of genetically encoded sensors to detect necrosis. This is in stark contrast with the availability of many genetically encoded biosensors for apoptosis. Here we developed Necrosensor, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor that detects necrosis in Drosophila, by utilizing HMGB1, which is released from the nucleus as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). We demonstrate that Necrosensor is able to detect necrosis induced by various stresses in multiple tissues in both live and fixed conditions. Necrosensor also detects physiological necrosis that occurs during spermatogenesis in the testis. Using Necrosensor, we discovered previously unidentified, physiological necrosis of hemocyte progenitors in the hematopoietic lymph gland of developing larvae. This work provides a new transgenic system that enables in vivo detection of necrosis in real time without any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishida
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - Kenta Onoue
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Kyoto University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shivakshi Sulekh
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Ugurcan Sakizli
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu-Chiun Wang
- Laboratory for Epithelial Morphogenesis, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Sa Kan Yoo
- Physiological Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Laboratory for Homeodynamics, RIKEN BDR, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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8
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Michels J, Venkatesh D, Liu C, Budhu S, Zhong H, George MM, Thach D, Yao ZK, Ouerfelli O, Liu H, Stockwell BR, Campesato LF, Zamarin D, Zappasodi R, Wolchok JD, Merghoub T. APR-246 increases tumor antigenicity independent of p53. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202301999. [PMID: 37891002 PMCID: PMC10610029 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that activation of p53 by APR-246 reprograms tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immune checkpoint blockade resistance. Here, we demonstrate that APR-246 and its active moiety, methylene quinuclidinone (MQ) can enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells directly. MQ treatment of murine B16F10 melanoma cells promoted activation of melanoma-specific CD8+ T cells and increased the efficacy of a tumor cell vaccine using MQ-treated cells even when the B16F10 cells lacked p53. We then designed a novel combination of APR-246 with the TLR-4 agonist, monophosphoryl lipid A, and a CD40 agonist to further enhance these immunogenic effects and demonstrated a significant antitumor response. We propose that the immunogenic effect of MQ can be linked to its thiol-reactive alkylating ability as we observed similar immunogenic effects with the broad-spectrum cysteine-reactive compound, iodoacetamide. Our results thus indicate that combination of APR-246 with immunomodulatory agents may elicit effective antitumor immune response irrespective of the tumor's p53 mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Michels
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Divya Venkatesh
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cailian Liu
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadna Budhu
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hong Zhong
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariam M George
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Thach
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhong-Ke Yao
- The Organic Synthesis Core Facility, MSK, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hengrui Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Felipe Campesato
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Immunology Program, Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jedd D Wolchok
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Department of Pharmacology, Swim Across America and Ludwig Collaborative Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- https://ror.org/02r109517 Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA
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Lameris R, Shahine A, Veth M, Westerman B, Godfrey DI, Lutje Hulsik D, Brouwer P, Rossjohn J, de Gruijl TD, van der Vliet HJ. Enhanced CD1d phosphatidylserine presentation using a single-domain antibody promotes immunomodulatory CD1d-TIM-3 interactions. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007631. [PMID: 38040419 PMCID: PMC10693867 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD1d is a monomorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that presents lipid antigens to distinct T-cell subsets and can be expressed by various malignancies. Antibody-mediated targeting of CD1d on multiple myeloma cells was reported to induce apoptosis and could therefore constitute a novel therapeutic approach. METHODS To determine how a CD1d-specific single-domain antibody (VHH) enhances binding of the early apoptosis marker annexin V to CD1d+ tumor cells we use in vitro cell-based assays and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing, and to determine the structure of the VHH1D17-CD1d(endogenous lipid) complex we use X-ray crystallography. RESULTS Anti-CD1d VHH1D17 strongly enhances annexin V binding to CD1d+ tumor cells but this does not reflect induction of apoptosis. Instead, we show that VHH1D17 enhances presentation of phosphatidylserine (PS) in CD1d and that this is saposin dependent. The crystal structure of the VHH1D17-CD1d(endogenous lipid) complex demonstrates that VHH1D17 binds the A'-pocket of CD1d, leaving the lipid headgroup solvent exposed, and has an electro-negatively charged patch which could be involved in the enhanced PS presentation by CD1d. Presentation of PS in CD1d does not trigger phagocytosis but leads to greatly enhanced binding of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing molecules (TIM)-1 to TIM-3, TIM-4 and induces TIM-3 signaling. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal the existence of an immune modulatory CD1d(PS)-TIM axis with potentially unexpected implications for immune regulation in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland Lameris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myrthe Veth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J van der Vliet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LAVA Therapeutics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Cristaldi M, Buscetta M, Cimino M, La Mensa A, Giuffrè MR, Fiore L, Carcione C, Bucchieri F, Rappa F, Coronnello C, Sciaraffa N, Amato S, Aronica TS, Lo Iacono G, Bertani A, Pace E, Cipollina C. Caspase-8 activation by cigarette smoke induces pro-inflammatory cell death of human macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:773. [PMID: 38007509 PMCID: PMC10676397 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking impairs the lung innate immune response making smokers more susceptible to infections and severe symptoms. Dysregulation of cell death is emerging as a key player in chronic inflammatory conditions. We have recently reported that short exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) altered the TLR4-dependent response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CSE caused inhibition of the MyD88-dependent inflammatory response and activation of TRIF/caspase-8/caspase-1 pathway leading to Gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage and increased cell permeability. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that activation of caspase-8 by CSE increased pro-inflammatory cell death of LPS-stimulated macrophages. To this purpose, we measured apoptotic and pyroptotic markers as well as the expression/release of pro-inflammatory mediators in hMDMs exposed to LPS and CSE, alone or in combination, for 6 and 24 h. We show that LPS/CSE-treated hMDMs, but not cells treated with CSE or LPS alone, underwent lytic cell death (LDH release) and displayed apoptotic features (activation of caspase-8 and -3/7, nuclear condensation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization). Moreover, the negative regulator of caspase-8, coded by CFLAR gene, was downregulated by CSE. Activation of caspase-3 led to Gasdermin E (GSDME) cleavage. Notably, lytic cell death caused the release of the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) heat shock protein-60 (HSP60) and S100A8/A9. This was accompanied by an impaired inflammatory response resulting in inhibited and delayed release of IL6 and TNF. Of note, increased cleaved caspase-3, higher levels of GSDME and altered expression of cell death-associated genes were found in alveolar macrophages of smoker subjects compared to non-smoking controls. Overall, our findings show that CSE sensitizes human macrophages to cell death by promoting pyroptotic and apoptotic pathways upon encountering LPS. We propose that while the delayed inflammatory response may result in ineffective defenses against infections, the observed cell death associated with DAMP release may contribute to establish chronic inflammation. CS exposure sensitizes human macrophages to pro-inflammatory cell death. Upon exposure to LPS, CS inhibits the TLR4/MyD88 inflammatory response, downregulating the pro-inflammatory genes TNF and IL6 and the anti-apoptotic gene CFLAR, known to counteract caspase-8 activity. CS enhances caspase-8 activation through TLR4/TRIF, with a partial involvement of RIPK1, resulting on the activation of caspase-1/GSDMD axis leading to increased cell permeability and DAMP release through gasdermin pores [19]. At later timepoints caspase-3 becomes strongly activated by caspase-8 triggering apoptotic events which are associated with mitochondrial membrane depolarization, gasdermin E cleavage and secondary necrosis with consequent massive DAMP release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Buscetta
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maura Cimino
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Agnese La Mensa
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Fiore
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, Università di Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Santina Amato
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Piazza Nicola Leotta 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tommaso Silvano Aronica
- Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ed Alta Specializzazione Ospedali (A.R.N.A.S) "Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli", Piazza Nicola Leotta 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Fondazione Ri.MED, Via Bandiera 11, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale (IFT)-CNR, Via Ugo la Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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11
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Xu W, Sun Y, Zhao S, Zhao J, Zhang J. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in primary open-angle glaucoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:287. [PMID: 37968618 PMCID: PMC10648356 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most common type of glaucoma, the etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) has not been unified. Autophagy may affect the occurrence and development of POAG, while the specific mechanism and target need to be further explored. METHODS The GSE27276 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the autophagy gene set from the GeneCards database were selected to screen differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) of POAG. Hub DEARGs were selected by constructing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and utilizing GSE138125 dataset. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration analysis, genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and other analyses were performed on the hub genes. Eventually, animal experiments were performed to verify the mRNA levels of the hub genes by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS A total of 67 DEARGs and 2 hub DEARGs, HSPA8 and RPL15, were selected. The hub genes were closely related to the level of immune cell infiltration. GWAS analysis confirmed that the causative regions of the 2 hub genes in glaucoma were on chromosome 11 and chromosome 3, respectively. GSEA illustrated that pathways enriched for highly expressed HSPA8 and RPL15 contained immunity, autophagy, gene expression and energy metabolism-related pathways. qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of Hspa8 and Rpl15 in the rat POAG model was consistent with the results of bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that HSPA8 and RPL15 may affect the progression of POAG by regulating autophagy and provided new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Xu
- Ophthalmology Department of QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuhao Sun
- Otolaryngology Department of QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Graduate School of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Ophthalmology Department of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Juanmei Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department of Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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12
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Allen SG, Meade RM, White Stenner LL, Mason JM. Peptide-based approaches to directly target alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:80. [PMID: 37940962 PMCID: PMC10633918 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and their mimetics are increasingly recognised as drug-like molecules, particularly for intracellular protein-protein interactions too large for inhibition by small molecules, and inaccessible to larger biologics. In the past two decades, evidence associating the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein strongly implicates this protein in disease onset and progression of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. The subsequent formation of toxic, intracellular, Lewy body deposits, in which alpha-synuclein is a major component, is a key diagnostic hallmark of the disease. To reach their therapeutic site of action, peptides must both cross the blood-brain barrier and enter dopaminergic neurons to prevent the formation of these intracellular inclusions. In this review, we describe and summarise the current efforts made in the development of peptides and their mimetics to directly engage with alpha-synuclein with the intention of modulating aggregation, and importantly, toxicity. This is a rapidly expanding field with great socioeconomic impact; these molecules harbour significant promise as therapeutics, or as early biomarkers during prodromal disease stages, or both. As these are age-dependent conditions, an increasing global life expectancy means disease prevalence is rising. No current treatments exist to either prevent or slow disease progression. It is therefore crucial that drugs are developed for these conditions before health care and social care capacities become overrun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Allen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard M Meade
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lucy L White Stenner
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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13
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Stromberg ZR, Phillips SMB, Omberg KM, Hess BM. High-throughput functional trait testing for bacterial pathogens. mSphere 2023; 8:e0031523. [PMID: 37702517 PMCID: PMC10597404 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00315-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional traits are characteristics that affect the fitness and metabolic function of a microorganism. There is growing interest in using high-throughput methods to characterize bacterial pathogens based on functional virulence traits. Traditional methods that phenotype a single organism for a single virulence trait can be time consuming and labor intensive. Alternatively, machine learning of whole-genome sequences (WGS) has shown some success in predicting virulence. However, relying solely on WGS can miss functional traits, particularly for organisms lacking classical virulence factors. We propose that high-throughput assays for functional virulence trait identification should become a prominent method of characterizing bacterial pathogens on a population scale. This work is critical as we move from compiling lists of bacterial species associated with disease to pathogen-agnostic approaches capable of detecting novel microbes. We discuss six key areas of functional trait testing and how advancing high-throughput methods could provide a greater understanding of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Stromberg
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Shelby M. B. Phillips
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kristin M. Omberg
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Becky M. Hess
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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14
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10236-10248. [PMID: 37772119 PMCID: PMC10530868 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
| | - Guanqun Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Guodong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45267 USA
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15
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Beckham JL, van Venrooy AR, Kim S, Li G, Li B, Duret G, Arnold D, Zhao X, Li JT, Santos AL, Chaudhry G, Liu D, Robinson JT, Tour JM. Molecular machines stimulate intercellular calcium waves and cause muscle contraction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1051-1059. [PMID: 37430037 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01436-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular calcium waves (ICW) are complex signalling phenomena that control many essential biological activities, including smooth muscle contraction, vesicle secretion, gene expression and changes in neuronal excitability. Accordingly, the remote stimulation of ICW could result in versatile biomodulation and therapeutic strategies. Here we demonstrate that light-activated molecular machines (MM)-molecules that perform mechanical work on the molecular scale-can remotely stimulate ICW. MM consist of a polycyclic rotor and stator that rotate around a central alkene when activated with visible light. Live-cell calcium-tracking and pharmacological experiments reveal that MM-induced ICW are driven by the activation of inositol-triphosphate-mediated signalling pathways by unidirectional, fast-rotating MM. Our data suggest that MM-induced ICW can control muscle contraction in vitro in cardiomyocytes and animal behaviour in vivo in Hydra vulgaris. This work demonstrates a strategy for directly controlling cell signalling and downstream biological function using molecular-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soonyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guillaume Duret
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dallin Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John T Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- IdISBA-Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | | | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Smalley-Curl Institute, NanoCarbon Center and Rice Advanced Materials Institute, Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Chen B, Hu JJ, Ouyang H, Zhang W, Dai J, Xu L, Xia F, Lou X. Peptide-Conjugated Probe Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Self-Reporting Cell Apoptosis by Aggregated Proteins. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12903-12912. [PMID: 37594437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Inducing and monitoring cell apoptosis in a real-time manner are crucial for evaluating the therapeutic effect of drugs and avoiding excessive treatment. Although promising advancements have been made to monitor cell apoptosis by assessing cell membrane integrity, the chronic compromise of cellular fitness caused by imbalance proteostasis is not visible and hard to be detected. As an indicator for cell apoptosis, imaging of aggregated proteins provides a new direction. Herein, we design a peptide-conjugated probe (QRKN) that can induce mitochondrial dysfunction for self-reporting cell apoptosis by imaging aggregated proteins. Specifically, QRKN can be cleaved into the α-helix-forming part (QRK) and azide-modified small-molecule part (N) by overexpressed cathepsin B (CB) in tumor cells. The QRK part can destroy the mitochondrial membrane and promote cytochrome c (Cyt c) efflux and caspase 3 expression. The other N part can inhibit the activity of mitochondrial complex IV (Mito-IV) and decrease the expression level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Two signaling pathways cooperatively induce mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in protein aggregation and cell apoptosis ultimately. Meanwhile, the cell apoptosis process can be monitored based on QRKN, which is highly sensitive to the aggregated protein-triggered viscosity change. The self-reporting probe can monitor therapeutic responses and provide valuable diagnosis information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing-Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hanzhi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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17
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Deng Z, Li H, Chen S, Wang N, Liu G, Liu D, Ou W, Xu F, Wang X, Lei D, Lo PC, Li YY, Lu J, Yang M, He ML, Zhu G. Near-infrared-activated anticancer platinum(IV) complexes directly photooxidize biomolecules in an oxygen-independent manner. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01242-w. [PMID: 37353602 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Conventional light-driven cancer therapeutics require oxygen and visible light to indirectly damage biomolecules, limiting their efficacy in deep, hypoxic tumours. Here we report the use of near-infrared-activated small-molecule Pt(IV) photooxidants to directly oxidize intracellular biomolecules in an oxygen-independent manner, achieving controllable and effective elimination of cancer stem cells. These Pt(IV) complexes accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and show low toxicity in the dark. Upon irradiation, the resultant metal-enhanced photooxidation effect causes them to robustly photooxidize survival-related biomolecules, induce intense oxidative stress, disrupt intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis and initiate nonclassical necrosis. In vivo experiments confirm that the lead photooxidant can effectively inhibit tumour growth, suppress metastasis and activate the immune system. Our study validates the concept of metal-enhanced photooxidation and the subsequent chemotherapeutic applications, supporting the development of such localized photooxidants to directly damage intracellular biomolecules and decrease pHi as a strategy for effective metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Huangcan Li
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Danjun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Weihui Ou
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Feijie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang Li
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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18
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Chen R, Qiu K, Han G, Kundu BK, Ding G, Sun Y, Diao J. Quantifying cell viability through organelle ratiometric probing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.26.538448. [PMID: 37163053 PMCID: PMC10168353 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.26.538448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Detecting cell viability is crucial in research involving the precancerous discovery of abnormal cells, the evaluation of treatments, and drug toxicity testing. Although conventional methods afford cumulative results regarding cell viability based on a great number of cells, they do not permit investigating cell viability at the single-cell level. In response, we rationally designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, PCV-1, to visualize cell viability under the super-resolution technology of structured illumination microscopy. Given its sensitivity to mitochondrial membrane potential and affinity to DNA, PCV-1's ability to stain mitochondria and nucleoli was observed in live and dead cells, respectively. During cell injury induced by drug treatment, PCV-1's migration from mitochondria to the nucleolus was dynamically visualized at the single-cell level. By extension, harnessing PCV-1's excellent photostability and signal-to-noise ratio and by comparing the fluorescence intensity of the two organelles, mitochondria and nucleoli, we developed a powerful analytical assay named organelle ratiometric probing (ORP) that we applied to quantitatively analyze and efficiently assess the viability of individual cells, thereby enabling deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of cell death. In ORP analysis with PCV-1, we identified 0.3 as the cutoff point for assessing whether adding a given drug will cause apparent cytotoxicity, which greatly expands the probe's applicability. To the best of our knowledge, PCV-1 is the first probe to allow visualizing cell death and cell injury under super-resolution imaging, and our proposed analytical assay using it paves the way for quantifying cell viability at the single-cell level.
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19
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Roldán-Peña JM, Puerta A, Dinić J, Jovanović Stojanov S, González-Bakker A, Hicke FJ, Mishra A, Piyasaengthong A, Maya I, Walton JW, Pešić M, Padrón JM, Fernández-Bolaños JG, López Ó. Biotinylated selenocyanates: Potent and selective cytostatic agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106410. [PMID: 36822000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Most of the currently available cytotoxic agents for tackling cancer are devoid of selectivity, thus causing severe side-effects. This situation stimulated us to develop new antiproliferative agents with enhanced affinity towards tumour cells. We focused our attention on novel chalcogen-containing compounds (thiosemicarbazones, disulfides, selenoureas, thio- and selenocyanates), and particularly on selenium derivatives, as it has been documented that this kind of compounds might act as prodrugs releasing selenium-based reactive species on tumour cells. Particularly interesting in terms of potency and selectivity was a pharmacophore comprised by a selenocyanato-alkyl fragment connected to a p-phenylenediamine residue, where the nature of the second amino moiety (free, Boc-protected, enamine-protected) provided a wide variety of antiproliferative activities, ranging from the low micromolar to the nanomolar values. The optimized structure was in turn conjugated through a peptide linkage with biotin (vitamin B7), a cellular growth promoter, whose receptor is overexpressed in numerous cancer cells; the purpose was to develop a selective vector towards malignant cells. Such biotinylated derivative behaved as a very strong antiproliferative agent, achieving GI50 values in the low nM range for most of the tested cancer cells; moreover, it was featured with an outstanding selectivity, with GI50 > 100 µM against human fibroblasts. Mechanistic studies on the mode of inhibition of the biotinylated selenocyanate revealed (Annexin-V assay) a remarkable increase in the number of apoptotic cells compared to the control experiment; moreover, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was detected by flow cytometry analysis, and with fluorescent microscopy, what supports the apoptotic cell death. Prior to the apoptotic events, cytostatic effects were observed against SW1573 cells using label-free cell-living imaging; therefore, tumour cell division was prevented. Multidrug resistant cell lines exhibited a reduced sensitivity towards the biotinylated selenocyanate, probably due to its P-gp-mediated efflux. Remarkably, antiproliferative levels could be restored by co-administration with tariquidar, a P-gp inhibitor; this approach can, therefore, overcome multidrug resistance mediated by the P-gp efflux system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Roldán-Peña
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, PO box 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Adrián Puerta
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aday González-Bakker
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco J Hicke
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, PO box 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Atreyee Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Akkharadet Piyasaengthong
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Bioscience Program, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Chatuchak, Thailand
| | - Inés Maya
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, PO box 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain
| | - James W Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Milica Pešić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - José G Fernández-Bolaños
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, PO box 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain.
| | - Óscar López
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, PO box 1203, E-41071 Seville, Spain.
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Sun P, Wang C, Zhang Y, Tang X, Hu D, Xie F, Hao Z, Suo J, Yu Y, Suo X, Liu X. Transcriptome profile of halofuginone resistant and sensitive strains of Eimeria tenella. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141952. [PMID: 37065111 PMCID: PMC10098198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiparasitic drug halofuginone is important for controlling apicomplexan parasites. However, the occurrence of halofuginone resistance is a major obstacle for it to the treatment of apicomplexan parasites. Current studies have identified the molecular marker and drug resistance mechanisms of halofuginone in Plasmodium falciparum. In this study, we tried to use transcriptomic data to explore resistance mechanisms of halofuginone in apicomplexan parasites of the genus Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae). After halofuginone treatment of E. tenella parasites, transcriptome analysis was performed using samples derived from both resistant and sensitive strains. In the sensitive group, DEGs associated with enzymes were significantly downregulated, whereas the DNA damaging process was upregulated after halofuginone treatment, revealing the mechanism of halofuginone-induced parasite death. In addition, 1,325 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between halofuginone resistant and sensitive strains, and the DEGs related to translation were significantly downregulated after halofuginone induction. Overall, our results provide a gene expression profile for further studies on the mechanism of halofuginone resistance in E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Tang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fujie Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenkai Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxia Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglan Yu
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Suo
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xun Suo,
| | - Xianyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory and College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Xianyong Liu,
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Serioli L, Gruzinskyte L, Zappalà G, Hwu ET, Laksafoss TZ, Jensen PL, Demarchi D, Müllertz A, Boisen A, Zór K. Moving perfusion culture and live-cell imaging from lab to disc: proof of concept toxicity assay with AI-based image analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1603-1612. [PMID: 36790123 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell-based assays are essential in diagnostics and drug development. There are ongoing efforts to establish new technologies that enable real-time detection of cell-drug interaction during culture under flow conditions. Our compact (10 × 10 × 8.5 cm) cell culture and microscope on disc (CMoD) platform aims to decrease the application barriers of existing lab-on-a-chip (LoC) approaches. For the first time in a centrifugal device, (i) cells were cultured for up to six days while a spindle motor facilitated culture medium perfusion, and (ii) an onboard microscope enabled live bright-field imaging of cells while the data wirelessly transmitted to a computer. The quantification of cells from the acquired images was done using artificial intelligence (AI) software. After optimization, the obtained cell viability data from the AI-based image analysis proved to correlate well with data collected from commonly used image analysis software. The CMoD was also suitable for conducting a proof-of-concept toxicity assay with HeLa cells under continuous flow. The half-maximal inhibitory time (IT50) for various concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) in the case of HeLa cells in flow, was shown to be lower than the IT50 obtained from a static cytotoxicity assay, indicating a faster onset of cell death in flow. The CMoD proved to be easy to handle, enabled cell culture and monitoring without assistance, and is a promising tool for examining the dynamic processes of cells in real-time assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Lina Gruzinskyte
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Zappalà
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Trygvi Zachariassen Laksafoss
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | | | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
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Ghanavatian P, Salehi-Sedeh H, Ataei F, Hosseinkhani S. Bioluminescent RIPoptosome Assay for FADD/RIPK1 Interaction Based on Split Luciferase Assay in a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:297. [PMID: 36832063 PMCID: PMC9954477 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Different programed cell death (PCD) modalities involve protein-protein interactions in large complexes. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) stimulated assembly of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)/Fas-associated death domain (FADD) interaction forms Ripoptosome complex that may cause either apoptosis or necroptosis. The present study addresses the interaction of RIPK1 and FADD in TNFα signaling by fusion of C-terminal (CLuc) and N-terminal (NLuc) luciferase fragments to RIPK1-CLuc (R1C) or FADD-NLuc (FN) in a caspase 8 negative neuroblastic SH-SY5Y cell line, respectively. In addition, based on our findings, an RIPK1 mutant (R1C K612R) had less interaction with FN, resulting in increasing cell viability. Moreover, presence of a caspase inhibitor (zVAD.fmk) increases luciferase activity compared to Smac mimetic BV6 (B), TNFα -induced (T) and non-induced cell. Furthermore, etoposide decreased luciferase activity, but dexamethasone was not effective in SH-SY5Y. This reporter assay might be used to evaluate basic aspects of this interaction as well as for screening of necroptosis and apoptosis targeting drugs with potential therapeutic application.
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Using chemical and biological data to predict drug toxicity. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2023; 28:53-64. [PMID: 36639032 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Various sources of information can be used to better understand and predict compound activity and safety-related endpoints, including biological data such as gene expression and cell morphology. In this review, we first introduce types of chemical, in vitro and in vivo information that can be used to describe compounds and adverse effects. We then explore how compound descriptors based on chemical structure or biological perturbation response can be used to predict safety-related endpoints, and how especially biological data can help us to better understand adverse effects mechanistically. Overall, the described applications demonstrate how large-scale biological information presents new opportunities to anticipate and understand the biological effects of compounds, and how this can support predictive toxicology and drug discovery projects.
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24
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Han YK, Jeong EJ, Seo Y, Lee IY, Choi S, Lee H, Kim C, Rhim T, Lee KY. Adipocytolytic Polymer Nanoparticles for Localized Fat Reduction. ACS NANO 2023; 17:70-83. [PMID: 36534969 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The demand for body fat reduction is increasing. However, conventional lipolytic approaches fail to control adipose tissue reduction and cause severe side effects in adjacent nonadipose tissues. A strategy to specifically reduce subcutaneous fat using adipocytolytic polymer nanoparticles in a minimally invasive manner is reported here. The polymer nanoparticles are designed to generate carbon dioxide gas when selectively absorbed by adipocytes. The carbon dioxide gas generated within late endosomes/lysosomes induces adipocytolysis, thereby reducing the number of cells. Localized injection of the adipocytolytic nanoparticles substantially reduces subcutaneous fat in a high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model, without significant changes in hematological or serum biochemical parameters. The adipocytolytic efficacy of the nanoparticles is also evaluated in a porcine model. This strategy addresses the need to develop safe and effective adipocytolytic agents using functional polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kyoung Han
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Supernova Bio, 67 Seobinggo-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul04385, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerang Seo
- Supernova Bio, 67 Seobinggo-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul04385, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Suim Choi
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonggu Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul04763, Republic of Korea
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Panikkanvalappil SR, Bhagavatula SK, Deans K, Jonas O, Rashidian M, Mishra S. Enhanced Tumor Accumulation of Multimodal Magneto-Plasmonic Nanoparticles via an Implanted Micromagnet-Assisted Delivery Strategy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201585. [PMID: 36213946 PMCID: PMC9840675 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the major shortcomings of nano carriers-assisted cancer therapeutic strategies continues to be the inadequate tumor penetration and retention of systemically administered nanoformulations and its off-target toxicity. Stromal parameters-related heterogeneity in enhanced permeability and retention effect and physicochemical properties of the nanoformulations immensely contributes to their poor tumor extravasation. Herein, a novel tumor targeting strategy, where an intratumorally implanted micromagnet can significantly enhance accumulation of magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) at the micromagnet-implanted tumor in bilateral colorectal tumor models while limiting their off-target accumulation, is demonstrated. To this end, novel multimodal gold/iron oxide NPs comprised of an array of multifunctional moieties with high therapeutic, sensing, and imaging potential are developed. It is also discovered that cancer cell targeted NPs in combination with static magnetic field can selectively induce cancer cell death. A multimodal caspase-3 nanosensor is also developed for real-time visualization of selective induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. In addition, the photothermal killing capability of these NPs in vitro is evaluated, and their potential for enhanced photothermal ablation in tissue samples is demonstrated. Building on current uses of implantable devices for therapeutic purposes, this study envisions the proposed micromagnet-assisted NPs delivery approach may be used to accelerate the clinical translation of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharath K. Bhagavatula
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle Deans
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Oliver Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Wang Z, Wang X, Guo Z, Liao H, Chai Y, Wang Z, Wang Z. In silico high-throughput screening system for AKT1 activators with therapeutic applications in sepsis acute lung injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1050497. [PMID: 36579349 PMCID: PMC9792167 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose AKT1 is an important target in sepsis acute lung injury (SALI). The current study was aim to construct a high-throughput screening (HTS) system based on the ChemDiv database (https://www.chemdiv.com/complete-list/) and use the system to screen for AKT1 activation agents, which may provide clues for the research and development of new drugs to treat SALI. Methods Based on the existing X-ray structure of AKT1 and known AKT activators, a large-scale virtual HTS was performed on the ChemDiv database of small molecules by the cascade docking method and demonstrated both accuracy and screening efficiency. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to assess the stability and binding characteristics of the identified small-molecule compounds. The protective effect of the new highly selective compound on SALI were verified both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results The small-molecule compound 7460-0250 was screened out as a specific activator of AKT1. Molecular validation experiments confirmed that compound 7460-0250 specifically promoted the phosphorylation of AKT1 and down-regulated the LPS-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by activating the AKT-mTOR pathway. Up-regulated mTOR was detected to directly interact with Bax to reduce apoptosis. In vivo, compound 7460-0250 could improved survival rate and alleviated lung injury of sepsis mice induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP), parallel with the activation of the AKT-mTOR pathway. Conclusion Small-molecule compound 7460-0250 was successfully screened and confirmed as a highly selective AKT1 activator, which is a critical target in the development of new therapeutics for SALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Department of Liver Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Tsinghua Changguang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Emergency Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Wang,
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27
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Ortiz-Cárdenas JE, Zatorski JM, Arneja A, Montalbine AN, Munson JM, Luckey CJ, Pompano RR. Towards spatially-organized organs-on-chip: Photopatterning cell-laden thiol-ene and methacryloyl hydrogels in a microfluidic device. ORGANS-ON-A-CHIP 2022; 4:100018. [PMID: 35535262 PMCID: PMC9078144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ooc.2022.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Micropatterning techniques for 3D cell cultures enable the recreation of tissue-level structures, but the combination of patterned hydrogels with organs-on-chip to generate organized 3D cultures under microfluidic perfusion remains challenging. To address this technological gap, we developed a user-friendly in-situ micropatterning protocol that integrates photolithography of crosslinkable, cell-laden hydrogels with a simple microfluidic housing, and tested the impact of crosslinking chemistry on stability and spatial resolution. Working with gelatin functionalized with photo-crosslinkable moieties, we found that inclusion of cells at high densities (≥ 107/mL) did not impede thiol-norbornene gelation, but decreased the storage moduli of methacryloyl hydrogels. Hydrogel composition and light dose were selected to match the storage moduli of soft tissues. To generate the desired pattern on-chip, the cell-laden precursor solution was flowed into a microfluidic chamber and exposed to 405 nm light through a photomask. The on-chip 3D cultures were self-standing and the designs were interchangeable by simply swapping out the photomask. Thiol-ene hydrogels yielded highly accurate feature sizes from 100 - 900 μm in diameter, whereas methacryloyl hydrogels yielded slightly enlarged features. Furthermore, only thiol-ene hydrogels were mechanically stable under perfusion overnight. Repeated patterning readily generated multi-region cultures, either separately or adjacent, including non-linear boundaries that are challenging to obtain on-chip. As a proof-of-principle, primary human T cells were patterned on-chip with high regional specificity. Viability remained high (> 85%) after 12-hr culture with constant perfusion. We envision that this technology will enable researchers to pattern 3D co-cultures to mimic organ-like structures that were previously difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan M. Zatorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
| | - Abhinav Arneja
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
| | - Alyssa N. Montalbine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech-Carilion, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Chance John Luckey
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
- Department of Chemistry, Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, PO BOX 400319, Charlottesville, VA, USA 22904
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Li YH, Zeng J, Wang Z, Wang TY, Wu SY, Zhu XY, Zhang X, Shan BH, Gao CZ, Wang SH, Wu FG. Sulfur-Doped Organosilica Nanodots as a Universal Sensor for Ultrafast Live/Dead Cell Discrimination. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1000. [PMID: 36354509 PMCID: PMC9688158 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate differentiation between live and dead cells is highly desirable for the evaluation of cell viability. Here, we report the application of the orange-emitting sulfur-doped organosilica nanodots (S-OSiNDs) for ultrafast (30 s), ultrasensitive (1 μg/mL), and universal staining of the dead bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells but not the live ones, which satisfies the requirements of a fluorescent probe that can specifically stain the dead cells. We further verify that the fluorescence distribution range of S-OSiNDs (which are distributed in cytoplasm and nucleus) is much larger than that of the commercial dead/fixed cell/tissue staining dye RedDot2 (which is distributed in the nucleus) in terms of dead mammalian cell staining, indicating that S-OSiNDs possess a better staining effect of dead cells than RedDot2. Overall, S-OSiNDs can be used as a robust fluorescent probe for ultrafast and accurate discrimination between dead and live cells at a single cell level, which may find a variety of applications in the biomedical field.
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Putt KS, Du Y, Fu H, Zhang ZY. High-throughput screening strategies for space-based radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:88-104. [PMID: 36336374 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As humanity begins to venture further into space, approaches to better protect astronauts from the hazards found in space need to be developed. One particular hazard of concern is the complex radiation that is ever present in deep space. Currently, it is unlikely enough spacecraft shielding could be launched that would provide adequate protection to astronauts during long-duration missions such as a journey to Mars and back. In an effort to identify other means of protection, prophylactic radioprotective drugs have been proposed as a potential means to reduce the biological damage caused by this radiation. Unfortunately, few radioprotectors have been approved by the FDA for usage and for those that have been developed, they protect normal cells/tissues from acute, high levels of radiation exposure such as that from oncology radiation treatments. To date, essentially no radioprotectors have been developed that specifically counteract the effects of chronic low-dose rate space radiation. This review highlights how high-throughput screening (HTS) methodologies could be implemented to identify such a radioprotective agent. Several potential target, pathway, and phenotypic assays are discussed along with potential challenges towards screening for radioprotectors. Utilizing HTS strategies such as the ones proposed here have the potential to identify new chemical scaffolds that can be developed into efficacious radioprotectors that are specifically designed to protect astronauts during deep space journeys. The overarching goal of this review is to elicit broader interest in applying drug discovery techniques, specifically HTS towards the identification of radiation countermeasures designed to be efficacious towards the biological insults likely to be encountered by astronauts on long duration voyages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karson S Putt
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA.
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Kumari A, Zeng XA, Rahaman A, Farooq MA, Huang Y, Alee M, Yao R, Ali M, Khalifa I, Badr O. Phenotype-based drug screening: An in vivo strategy to classify and identify the chemical compounds modulating zebrafish M-cell regeneration. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:984461. [PMID: 36353729 PMCID: PMC9637979 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.984461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several disease-modulatory FDA-approved drugs are being used in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. However, information on their toxicity-related profiles is very limited. Therefore, measurement of drug toxicity is essential to increase the knowledge of their side effects. This study aimed to identify compounds that can modulate M-cell regeneration by causing neuro-protection and -toxicity. Here, we developed a simple and efficient in vivo assay using Tg (hsp: Gal4FF62A; UAS: nfsB-mCherry) transgenic zebrafish larvae. Interestingly, via the phenotype-based drug screening approach, we rapidly investigated 1,260 compounds from the United States drug collection and validated these in large numbers, including 14 compounds, that were obstructing this regeneration process. Next, 4 FDA-approved drugs out of 14 compounds were selected as the lead hits for in silico analysis to clarify their binding patterns with PTEN and SOCS3 signaling due to their significant potential in the inhibition of axon regeneration. Molecular docking studies indicated good binding affinity of all 4 drugs with the respective signaling molecules. This may point to PTEN and SOCS3 as the signaling molecules responsible for reducing axon regeneration. Moreover, the acute effect of compounds in reducing M-cell regeneration delineated their toxic effect. In conclusion, our in vivo along with in silico screening strategy will promote the rapid translation of new therapeutics to improve knowledge of the toxicity profile of approved/non-approved drugs efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin-An Zeng, ; Abdul Rahaman, ; Ibrahim Khalifa,
| | - Abdul Rahaman
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin-An Zeng, ; Abdul Rahaman, ; Ibrahim Khalifa,
| | - Muhammad Adil Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mahafooj Alee
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyu Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Murtaza Ali
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan,Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt,*Correspondence: Xin-An Zeng, ; Abdul Rahaman, ; Ibrahim Khalifa,
| | - Omnia Badr
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahimyar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan,Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qalyubia, Egypt
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Wang S, Linsley JW, Linsley DA, Lamstein J, Finkbeiner S. Fluorescently labeled nuclear morphology is highly informative of neurotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:935438. [PMID: 36093369 PMCID: PMC9449453 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.935438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotoxicity can be detected in live microscopy by morphological changes such as retraction of neurites, fragmentation, blebbing of the neuronal soma and ultimately the disappearance of fluorescently labeled neurons. However, quantification of these features is often difficult, low-throughput, and imprecise due to the overreliance on human curation. Recently, we showed that convolutional neural network (CNN) models can outperform human curators in the assessment of neuronal death from images of fluorescently labeled neurons, suggesting that there is information within the images that indicates toxicity but that is not apparent to the human eye. In particular, the CNN's decision strategy indicated that information within the nuclear region was essential for its superhuman performance. Here, we systematically tested this prediction by comparing images of fluorescent neuronal morphology from nuclear-localized fluorescent protein to those from freely diffused fluorescent protein for classifying neuronal death. We found that biomarker-optimized (BO-) CNNs could learn to classify neuronal death from fluorescent protein-localized nuclear morphology (mApple-NLS-CNN) alone, with super-human accuracy. Furthermore, leveraging methods from explainable artificial intelligence, we identified novel features within the nuclear-localized fluorescent protein signal that were indicative of neuronal death. Our findings suggest that the use of a nuclear morphology marker in live imaging combined with computational models such mApple-NLS-CNN can provide an optimal readout of neuronal death, a common result of neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Linsley
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Drew A. Linsley
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Josh Lamstein
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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32
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Payne NC, Maksoud S, Tannous BA, Mazitschek R. A direct high-throughput protein quantification strategy facilitates discovery and characterization of a celastrol-derived BRD4 degrader. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1333-1340.e5. [PMID: 35649410 PMCID: PMC9391279 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a generalizable time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET)-based platform to profile the cellular action of heterobifunctional degraders (or proteolysis-targeting chimeras [PROTACs]) that is capable of both accurately quantifying protein levels in whole-cell lysates in less than 1 h and measuring small-molecule target engagement to endogenous proteins, here specifically for human bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). The detection mix consists of a single primary antibody targeting the protein of interest, a luminescent donor-labeled anti-species nanobody, and a fluorescent acceptor ligand. Importantly, our strategy can readily be applied to other targets of interest and will greatly facilitate the cell-based profiling of small-molecule inhibitors and PROTACs in a high-throughput format with unmodified cell lines. We furthermore validate our platform in the characterization of celastrol, a p-quinone methide-containing pentacyclic triterpenoid, as a broad cysteine-targeting E3 ubiquitin ligase warhead for potent and efficient targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Connor Payne
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Bakhos A Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Xu K, Khan M, Yu J, Snyder NW, Wu S, Vazquez-Padron RI, Wang H, Yang X. Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics: 2021 – cell death, cardiovascular injuries, and novel targets of cardiovascular therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:981544. [PMID: 35958425 PMCID: PMC9361401 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomendical Education and Data Sciences, Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Yang
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Cebrián R, Li Q, Peñalver P, Belmonte-Reche E, Andrés-Bilbao M, Lucas R, de Paz MV, Kuipers OP, Morales JC. Chemically Tuning Resveratrol for the Effective Killing of Gram-Positive Pathogens. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1459-1473. [PMID: 35621995 PMCID: PMC9237828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, the identification of new compounds with strong antimicrobial activity and the development of alternative therapies to fight drug-resistant bacteria are urgently needed. Here, we have used resveratrol, a safe and well-known plant-derived stilbene with poor antimicrobial properties, as a scaffold to design several new families of antimicrobials by adding different chemical entities at specific positions. We have characterized the mode of action of the most active compounds prepared and have examined their synergistic antibacterial activity in combination with traditional antibiotics. Some alkyl- and silyl-resveratrol derivatives show bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria in the same low micromolar range of traditional antibiotics, with an original mechanism of action that combines membrane permeability activity with ionophore-related activities. No cross-resistance or antagonistic effect was observed with traditional antibiotics. Synergism was observed for some specific general-use antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides and cationic antimicrobial peptide antibiotics. No hemolytic activity was observed at the active concentrations or above, although some low toxicity against an MRC-5 cell line was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Cebrián
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qian Li
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Peñalver
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Instituto de Parasitología
y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC,
PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Efres Belmonte-Reche
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Instituto de Parasitología
y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC,
PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - María Andrés-Bilbao
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Instituto de Parasitología
y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC,
PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lucas
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Violante de Paz
- Department
of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Instituto de Parasitología
y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC,
PTS Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento, 17, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
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Cell models for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: At the interface of biology and drug discovery. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112924. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Inhibition of RIPK1 by ZJU-37 promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation and remyelination via NF-κB pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:147. [PMID: 35365618 PMCID: PMC8975999 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) activation and necroptosis have been genetically and mechanistically linked with human multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases for which demyelination is a common key pathology. Demyelination can be healed through remyelination which is mediated by new oligodendrocytes derived from the adult oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Unfortunately, the efficiency of remyelination declines with progressive aging partially due to the depletion of OPCs following chronic or repeated demyelination. However, to our knowledge, so far there is no drug which enhances proliferation of OPCs, and it is unknown whether inhibiting RIPK1 activity directly affect OPCs, the central player of remyelination. Using TNFα induced RIPK1-dependent necroptosis in Jurkat FADD−/− cells as a cell death assay, we screened from 2112 FDA-approved drugs and the drug candidates of new RIPK1 inhibitors selected by ourselves, and identified ZJU-37, a small molecule modified by introducing an amide bond to Nec-1s, is a new RIPK1 kinase inhibitor with higher potency than Nec-1s which has the best reported potency. We unveil in addition to protecting myelin from demyelination and axons from degeneration, ZJU-37 exhibits a new role on promoting proliferation of OPCs and enhancing remyelination by inhibiting RIPK1 kinase activity with higher potency than Nec-1s. Mechanistically, ZJU-37 promotes proliferation of OPCs by enhancing the transcription of platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha via NF-κB pathway. This work identifies ZJU-37 as a new drug candidate which enhances remyelination by promoting proliferation of OPCs, paving the way for a potential drug to enhance myelin repair.
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Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Costas C, Cao A, Raposo-Garcia S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030198. [PMID: 35323497 PMCID: PMC8950113 DOI: 10.3390/md20030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Cao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
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Yu XW, Liu X, Jiang YW, Li YH, Gao G, Zhu YX, Lin F, Wu FG. Rose Bengal-Derived Ultrabright Sulfur-Doped Carbon Dots for Fast Discrimination between Live and Dead Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4243-4251. [PMID: 35235297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The discrimination between dead and live cells is crucial for cell viability evaluation. Carbon dots (CDs), with advantages like simple and cost-effective synthesis, excellent biocompatibility, and high photostability, have shown potential for realizing selective live/dead cell staining. However, most of the developed CDs with the live/dead cell discrimination capacity usually have low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence emission (which can cause fluorescence overlap with other fluorescent probes and make dual-color live/dead staining impossible), and hence, developing ultrabright CDs with excitation wavelength-independent fluorescence emission property for live/dead cell discrimination becomes an important task. Here, using a one-pot hydrothermal method, we prepared ultrasmall (∼1.6 nm), ultrabright (PLQY: ∼78%), and excitation wavelength-independent sulfur-doped carbon dots (termed S-CDs) using rose bengal and 1,4-dimercaptobenzene as raw materials and demonstrated that the S-CDs could rapidly (∼5 min) and accurately distinguish dead cells from live ones for almost all the cell types including bacterial, fungal, and animal cells in a wash-free manner. We confirmed that the S-CDs could rapidly pass through the dead cell surfaces to enter the interior of the dead cells, thus visualizing these dead cells. In contrast, the S-CDs could not enter the interior of live cells and thus could not stain these live cells. We further verified that the S-CDs presented better biocompatibility and higher photostability than the commercial live/dead staining dye propidium iodide, ensuring its bright application prospect in cell imaging and cell viability assessment. Overall, this work develops a type of CDs capable of realizing the live/dead cell discrimination of almost all the cell types (bacterial, fungal, and animal cells), which has seldom been achieved by other fluorescent nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Wang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Wen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
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A Characterization and Cell Toxicity Assessment of Particulate Pollutants from Road Traffic Sites in Kano State, Nigeria. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging African countries are characterized by explosive population growth and urbanization, which threaten environmental sustainability. This study comparatively characterized ambient aerosols and assessed cytotoxicity to facilitate improving health and environmental policy. Twenty-four air samples were collected at high and low-density traffic sites in Kano State using polysulfone and stainless steel filters attached to an automated pump. The physico-chemical properties of particulate matter were determined using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). In vitro, their potential toxicity was assessed using macrophages and cell fixation with staining. Results showed 51.7% of particles as PM2.5, with the highest particle concentration in mixed sites (urban and industrial). Particle classification into four groups by elemental composition and structure showed: Si, Al, and Ca 58–67%; other fibres, Fe, S, Mo, and Zn 1–17%; non-sand non-fibres 23–56%; and silicone-based fibres 2–28%. The abundant elements are: Si, Al, Ca, Ce, Ti, Fe, Cl, Pb, and Mn. The lowest viability on cytotoxicity assessment was recorded in mixed site M2. The majority of households were located within 50 m of air sampling sites. Proximity to traffic sites worsens health, as evidenced in cytotoxicity findings. We recommend improved urban planning and intensification of emissions control.
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40
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Knez D, Hrast M, Frlan R, Pišlar A, Žakelj S, Kos J, Gobec S. Indoles and 1-(3-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazines: Reversible and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitors identified by screening an in-house compound library. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105581. [PMID: 34990933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic indications for monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) inhibitors that have emerged from biological studies on animal and cellular models of neurological and oncological diseases have focused drug discovery projects upon identifying reversible MAO inhibitors. Screening of our in-house academic compound library identified two hit compounds that inhibit MAO-B with IC50 values in micromolar range. Two series of indole (23 analogues) and 3-(benzyloxy)benzyl)piperazine (16 analogues) MAO-B inhibitors were derived from hits, and screened for their structure-activity relationships. Both series yielded low micromolar selective inhibitors of human MAO-B, namely indole 2 (IC50 = 12.63 ± 1.21 µM) and piperazine 39 (IC50 = 19.25 ± 4.89 µM), which is comparable to selective MAO-B inhibitor isatin (IC50 = 6.10 ± 2.81 µM), yet less potent in comparison to safinamide (IC50 = 0.029 ± 0.002 µM). Selective MAO-B inhibitors 2, 14, 38 and 39 exhibited favourable permeation of the blood-brain barrier and low cytotoxicity in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Hrast
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Frlan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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41
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Aguilar Cosme JR, Gagui DC, Bryant HE, Claeyssens F. Morphological Response in Cancer Spheroids for Screening Photodynamic Therapy Parameters. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:784962. [PMID: 34869604 PMCID: PMC8637197 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.784962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment which uses light-activated compounds to produce reactive oxygen species, leading to membrane damage and cell death. Multicellular cancer spheroids are a preferable alternative for PDT evaluation in comparison to monolayer cell cultures due to their ability to better mimic in vivo avascular tumour characteristics such as hypoxia and cell-cell interactions, low cost, and ease of production. However, inconsistent growth kinetics and drug responsiveness causes poor experimental reproducibility and limits their usefulness. Herein, we used image analysis to establish a link between human melanoma C8161 spheroid morphology and drug responsiveness. Spheroids were pre-selected based on sphericity, area, and diameter, reducing variation in experimental groups before treatment. Spheroid morphology after PDT was analyzed using AnaSP and ReViSP, MATLAB-based open-source software, obtaining nine different parameters. Spheroids displayed a linear response between biological assays and morphology, with area (R2 = 0.7219) and volume (R2 = 0.6138) showing the best fit. Sphericity, convexity, and solidity were confirmed as poor standalone indicators of spheroid viability. Our results indicate spheroid morphometric parameters can be used to accurately screen inefficient treatment combinations of novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Aguilar Cosme
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dan C Gagui
- INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E Bryant
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,INSIGNEO Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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42
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Leal AL, Pinheiro DP, Barros-Nepomuceno FW, da Silva PT, Pessoa C, Almeida-Neto FW, Marinho ES, Barreto AC, Julião MS, de Paiva AS, Bandeira PN, de Lima-Neto P, dos Santos HS, Teixeira AM. Structural and spectroscopic analysis and evaluation of cytotoxic activity of 2-hydroxychalcones against human cancer cell lines. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Malhi M, Norris MJ, Duan W, Moraes TJ, Maynes JT. Statin-mediated disruption of Rho GTPase prenylation and activity inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1239. [PMID: 34716403 PMCID: PMC8556396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in children. To uncover new antiviral therapies, we developed a live cell-based high content screening approach for rapid identification of RSV inhibitors and characterized five drug classes which inhibit the virus. Among the molecular targets for each hit, there was a strong functional enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways. Modulation of lipid metabolites by statins, a key hit from our screen, decreases the production of infectious virus through a combination of cholesterol and isoprenoid-mediated effects. Notably, RSV infection globally upregulates host protein prenylation, including the prenylation of Rho GTPases. Treatment by statins or perillyl alcohol, a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor, reduces infection in vitro. Of the Rho GTPases assayed in our study, a loss in Rac1 activity strongly inhibits the virus through a decrease in F protein surface expression. Our findings provide new insight into the importance of host lipid metabolism to RSV infection and highlight geranylgeranyltransferases as an antiviral target for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Malhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Norris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenming Duan
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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44
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Luchinat E, Barbieri L, Cremonini M, Pennestri M, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Banci L. Determination of intracellular protein-ligand binding affinity by competition binding in-cell NMR. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:1270-1281. [PMID: 34605430 PMCID: PMC8489230 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321009037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Structure-based drug development suffers from high attrition rates due to the poor activity of lead compounds in cellular and animal models caused by low cell penetrance, off-target binding or changes in the conformation of the target protein in the cellular environment. The latter two effects cause a change in the apparent binding affinity of the compound, which is indirectly assessed by cellular activity assays. To date, direct measurement of the intracellular binding affinity remains a challenging task. In this work, in-cell NMR spectroscopy was applied to measure intracellular dissociation constants in the nanomolar range by means of protein-observed competition binding experiments. Competition binding curves relative to a reference compound could be retrieved either from a series of independent cell samples or from a single real-time NMR bioreactor run. The method was validated using a set of sulfonamide-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II with known activity in the subnanomolar to submicromolar range. The intracellular affinities were similar to those obtained in vitro, indicating that these compounds selectively bind to the intracellular target. In principle, the approach can be applied to any soluble intracellular target that gives rise to measurable chemical shift changes upon ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Luchinat
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Letizia Barbieri
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Cremonini
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Pennestri
- Pharmaceutical Business Unit, Bruker UK Limited, Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- CERM - Magnetic Resonance Center, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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45
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Genetically encoded cell-death indicators (GEDI) to detect an early irreversible commitment to neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5284. [PMID: 34489414 PMCID: PMC8421388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a critical process that occurs normally in health and disease. However, its study is limited due to available technologies that only detect very late stages in the process or specific death mechanisms. Here, we report the development of a family of fluorescent biosensors called genetically encoded death indicators (GEDIs). GEDIs specifically detect an intracellular Ca2+ level that cells achieve early in the cell death process and that marks a stage at which cells are irreversibly committed to die. The time-resolved nature of a GEDI delineates a binary demarcation of cell life and death in real time, reformulating the definition of cell death. We demonstrate that GEDIs acutely and accurately report death of rodent and human neurons in vitro, and show that GEDIs enable an automated imaging platform for single cell detection of neuronal death in vivo in zebrafish larvae. With a quantitative pseudo-ratiometric signal, GEDIs facilitate high-throughput analysis of cell death in time-lapse imaging analysis, providing the necessary resolution and scale to identify early factors leading to cell death in studies of neurodegeneration. Cell death is a critical process in health and disease, yet available markers record later stages of cell death once a cell has already begun to decompose. Here the authors show the use of a genetically encoded calcium indicator that demarcates an irreversible stage of cell death earlier than previously possible.
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Bang TH, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Kim IR. Polydatin, a Glycoside of Resveratrol, Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastasis Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090902. [PMID: 34577602 PMCID: PMC8468100 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although various methods, such as surgery and chemotherapy, are applied to the treatment of OSCC, there are problems, such as functional and aesthetic limitations of the mouth and face, drug side effects, and lymph node metastasis. Many researchers are making efforts to develop new therapeutic agents from plant-derived substances to overcome the side effects that occur in oral cancer treatment. Polydatin is known as a natural precursor of resveratrol, and research on its efficacy is being actively conducted recently. Therefore, we investigated whether polydatin can induce apoptosis and whether it affects cell migration and invasion through the regulation of EMT-related factors in OSCC. Polydatin decreased the survival and proliferation rates of CAL27 and Ca9-22 cells, and induced the release of cytochrome c, a factor related to apoptosis, and fragmentation of procaspase-3 and PARP. Another form of cell death, autophagy, was observed in polydatin-treated cells. In addition, polydatin inhibits cell migration and invasion, and it has been shown to occur through increased expression of E-cadherin, an EMT related factor, and decreased expression of N-cadherin and Slug and Snail proteins and genes. These findings suggest that polydatin is a potential oral cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Bang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Daesingongwon-ro, 26, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (T.-H.B.); (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-8552
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47
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Verduijn J, Van der Meeren L, Krysko DV, Skirtach AG. Deep learning with digital holographic microscopy discriminates apoptosis and necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:229. [PMID: 34475384 PMCID: PMC8413278 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death modalities such as apoptosis and necroptosis play an important role in regulating different cellular processes. Currently, regulated cell death is identified using the golden standard techniques such as fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. However, they require fluorescent labels, which are potentially phototoxic. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new label-free methods. In this work, we apply Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) coupled with a deep learning algorithm to distinguish between alive, apoptotic and necroptotic cells in murine cancer cells. This method is solely based on label-free quantitative phase images, where the phase delay of light by cells is quantified and is used to calculate their topography. We show that a combination of label-free DHM in a high-throughput set-up (~10,000 cells per condition) can discriminate between apoptosis, necroptosis and alive cells in the L929sAhFas cell line with a precision of over 85%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time deep learning in the form of convolutional neural networks is applied to distinguish-with a high accuracy-apoptosis and necroptosis and alive cancer cells from each other in a label-free manner. It is expected that the approach described here will have a profound impact on research in regulated cell death, biomedicine and the field of (cancer) cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Verduijn
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V. Krysko
- grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy an Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.448878.f0000 0001 2288 8774Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - André G. Skirtach
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Nano-Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ,grid.510942.bCancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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48
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Helgadottir S, Midtvedt B, Pineda J, Sabirsh A, B. Adiels C, Romeo S, Midtvedt D, Volpe G. Extracting quantitative biological information from bright-field cell images using deep learning. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:031401. [PMID: 38505631 PMCID: PMC10903417 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of cell structures is essential for biomedical and pharmaceutical research. The standard imaging approach relies on fluorescence microscopy, where cell structures of interest are labeled by chemical staining techniques. However, these techniques are often invasive and sometimes even toxic to the cells, in addition to being time consuming, labor intensive, and expensive. Here, we introduce an alternative deep-learning-powered approach based on the analysis of bright-field images by a conditional generative adversarial neural network (cGAN). We show that this is a robust and fast-converging approach to generate virtually stained images from the bright-field images and, in subsequent downstream analyses, to quantify the properties of cell structures. Specifically, we train a cGAN to virtually stain lipid droplets, cytoplasm, and nuclei using bright-field images of human stem-cell-derived fat cells (adipocytes), which are of particular interest for nanomedicine and vaccine development. Subsequently, we use these virtually stained images to extract quantitative measures about these cell structures. Generating virtually stained fluorescence images is less invasive, less expensive, and more reproducible than standard chemical staining; furthermore, it frees up the fluorescence microscopy channels for other analytical probes, thus increasing the amount of information that can be extracted from each cell. To make this deep-learning-powered approach readily available for other users, we provide a Python software package, which can be easily personalized and optimized for specific virtual-staining and cell-profiling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saga Helgadottir
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jesús Pineda
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Daniel Midtvedt
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Volpe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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49
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Grabarek AD, Jiskoot W, Hawe A, Pike-Overzet K, Menzen T. Forced degradation of cell-based medicinal products guided by flow imaging microscopy: Explorative studies with Jurkat cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:38-47. [PMID: 34274457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based medicinal products (CBMPs) offer ground-breaking opportunities to treat diseases with limited or no therapeutic options. However, the intrinsic complexity of CBMPs results in great challenges with respect to analytical characterization and stability assessment. In our study, we submitted Jurkat cell suspensions to forced degradation studies mimicking conditions to which CBMPs might be exposed from procurement of cells to administration of the product. Flow imaging microscopy assisted by machine learning was applied for determination of cell viability and concentration, and quantification of debris particles. Additionally, orthogonal cell characterization techniques were used. Thawing of cells at 5 °C was detrimental to cell viability and resulted in high numbers of debris particles, in contrast to thawing at 37 °C or 20 °C which resulted in better stability. After freezing of cell suspensions at -18 °C in presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a DMSO concentration of 2.5% (v/v) showed low stabilizing properties, whereas 5% or 10% was protective. Horizontal shaking of cell suspensions did not affect cell viability, but led to a reduction in cell concentration. Fetal bovine serum (10% [v/v]) protected the cells during shaking. In conclusion, forced degradation studies with application of orthogonal analytical characterization methods allow for CBMP stability assessment and formulation screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Grabarek
- Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstraße 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - W Jiskoot
- Coriolis Pharma, Fraunhoferstraße 18 b, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - A Hawe
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - K Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - T Menzen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
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50
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Yurchenko EA, Menchinskaya ES, Pislyagin EA, Chingizova EA, Girich EV, Yurchenko AN, Aminin DL, Mikhailov VV. Cytoprotective Activity of p-Terphenyl Polyketides and Flavuside B from Marine-Derived Fungi against Oxidative Stress in Neuro-2a Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123618. [PMID: 34199157 PMCID: PMC8231591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of p-terphenyl polyketides 1-3 from Aspergillus candidus KMM 4676 and cerebroside flavuside B (4) from Penicillium islandicum (=Talaromyces islandicus) against the effect of neurotoxins, rotenone and paraquat, on Neuro-2a cell viability by MTT and LDH release assays and intracellular ROS level, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activity, was investigated. Pre-incubation with compounds significantly diminished the ROS level in rotenone- and paraquat-treated cells. It was shown that the investigated polyketides 1-3 significantly increased the viability of rotenone- and paraquat-treated cells in two of the used assays but they affected only the viability of paraquat-treated cells in the LDH release assay. Flavuside B statistically increased the viability of paraquat-treated cells in both MTT and LDH release assays, however, it increased the viability of rotenone-treated cells in the LDH release assay. Structure-activity relationships for p-terphenyl derivatives, as well as possible mechanisms of cytoprotective action of all studied compounds, were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.); (E.A.C.); (D.L.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.Y.); (A.N.Y.); Tel.: +7-423-231-9932 (E.A.Y.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.); (E.A.C.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Evgeny A. Pislyagin
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.); (E.A.C.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Chingizova
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.); (E.A.C.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Elena V. Girich
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Microbial Metabolites, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Anton N. Yurchenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Microbial Metabolites, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Correspondence: (E.A.Y.); (A.N.Y.); Tel.: +7-423-231-9932 (E.A.Y.)
| | - Dmitry L. Aminin
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (E.S.M.); (E.A.P.); (E.A.C.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan
| | - Valery V. Mikhailov
- Laboratory of Microbiology, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
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