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Wu W, Zhang JW, Li Y, Huang K, Chen RM, Maimaiti M, Luo JS, Chen SK, Wu D, Zhu M, Wang CL, Su Z, Liang Y, Yao H, Wei HY, Zheng RX, Du HW, Luo FH, Li P, Wang E, Polychronakos C, Fu JF. Population-based prevalence of self-reported pediatric diabetes and screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Chinese children in years 2017-2019, a cross-sectional study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 52:101206. [PMID: 39324120 PMCID: PMC11422556 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Background The worldwide geographical and temporal variation in the prevalence of diabetes represents a challenge, but also an opportunity for gaining etiological insights. Encompassing the bulk of East Asians, a large and distinct proportion of the world population, China can be a source of valuable epidemiological insights for diabetes, especially in early life, when pathophysiology begins. We carried out a nationwide, epidemiological survey of Prevalence and Risk of Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) in China, from 2017 to 2019, to estimate the population-based prevalence of diagnosed pediatric diabetes and screen for undiagnosed pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods PRODY was a nation-wide, school population-based, cross-sectional, multicenter survey by questionnaire, fasting urine glucose test and simple oral glucose tolerance test (s-OGTT), among a total number of 193,801 general-population children and adolescents (covered a pediatric population of more than 96.8 million), aged 3-18, from twelve provinces across China. The prevalence of the self-reported pediatric diabetes, the proportion of subtypes, the crude prevalence of undiagnosed T2D and prediabetes in general juvenile population and the main risk factors of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes had been analyzed in the study. Findings The prevalence of all self-reported pediatric diabetes was estimated at 0.62/1000 (95% CI: 0.51-0.74), with T1D at 0.44/1000 (95% CI: 0.35-0.54) and T2D at 0.18/1000 (95% CI: 0.13-0.25). For undiagnosed T2D, the crude prevalence was almost ten-fold higher, at 1.59/1000, with an estimated extra 28.45/1000 of undiagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 53.74/1000 of undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose (IFG) by s-OGTT screening. Maternal diabetes history is the major risk factors for all subtypes of pediatric diabetes in China. Interpretation The PRODY study provides the first population-based estimate of the prevalence of pediatric diabetes China and reveals a magnitude of the problem of undiagnosed pediatric T2D. We propose a practical screening strategy by s-OGTT to address this serious gap. Funding The National Key Research and Development Programme of China, Key R&D Program of Zhejiang, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Disciplines of Medicine, Key R&D Program Projects in Zhejiang Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Center for Children's Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Center for Children's Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Shaoxing Women and Children Hospital, 321000, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangxi Li
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Center for Children's Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ke Huang
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Center for Children's Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui-Min Chen
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province, 350005, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mireguli Maimaiti
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 830011, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Si Luo
- The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 537406, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Ke Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 537406, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Di Wu
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100045, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhu
- The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Su
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 518034, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Children's Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, 450066, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong-Xiu Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Wei Du
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, 130061, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fei-Hong Luo
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Li
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun-Fen Fu
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Regional Center for Children's Health, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310051, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Huang Q, Zhu J. Regulatory T cell-based therapy in type 1 diabetes: Latest breakthroughs and evidence. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112724. [PMID: 39098233 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are among the most significant health complications, with their incidence rising in recent years. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), an AD, targets the insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas, leading to chronic insulin deficiency in genetically susceptible individuals. Regulatory immune cells, particularly T-cells (Tregs), have been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes by modulating immune responses. In diabetic patients, Tregs often exhibit diminished effectiveness due to various factors, such as instability in forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) expression or abnormal production of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) by autoreactive T-cells. Consequently, Tregs represent a potential therapeutic target for diabetes treatment. Building on the successful clinical outcomes of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in cancer treatment, particularly in leukemias, the concept of designing and utilizing CAR Tregs for ADs has emerged. This review summarizes the findings on Treg targeting in T1D and discusses the benefits and limitations of this treatment approach for patients suffering from T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxiao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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3
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Aubin AM, Vdovenko D, Collin R, Balmer L, Coderre L, Morahan G, Lombard-Vadnais F, Lesage S. Variations in the germinal center response revealed by genetically diverse mouse strains. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 39318030 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The humoral response is complex and involves multiple cellular populations and signaling pathways. Bacterial and viral infections, as well as immunization regimens, can trigger this type of response, promoting the formation of microanatomical cellular structures called germinal centers (GCs). GCs formed in secondary lymphoid organs support the differentiation of high-affinity plasma cells and memory B cells. There is growing evidence that the quality of the humoral response is influenced by genetic variants. Using 12 genetically divergent mouse strains, we assessed the impact of genetics on GC cellular traits. At steady state, in the spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, we quantified GC B cells, plasma cells and follicular helper T cells. These traits were also quantified in the spleen of mice following immunization with a foreign antigen, namely, sheep red blood cells, in addition to the number and size of GCs. We observed both strain- and organ-specific variations in cell type abundance, as well as for GC number and size. Moreover, we find that some of these traits are highly heritable. Importantly, the results of this study inform on the impact of genetic diversity in shaping the GC response and identify the traits that are the most impacted by genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Aubin
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Lois Balmer
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lise Coderre
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Grant Morahan
- Centre for Diabetes Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunologie-Oncologie, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Yuan X, Jiang X, Zhang M, Wang L, Jiao W, Chen H, Mao J, Ye W, Song Q. Integrative omics analysis elucidates the genetic basis underlying seed weight and oil content in soybean. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2160-2175. [PMID: 38412459 PMCID: PMC11132872 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Synergistic optimization of key agronomic traits by traditional breeding has dramatically enhanced crop productivity in the past decades. However, the genetic basis underlying coordinated regulation of yield- and quality-related traits remains poorly understood. Here, we dissected the genetic architectures of seed weight and oil content by combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) using 421 soybean (Glycine max) accessions. We identified 26 and 33 genetic loci significantly associated with seed weight and oil content by GWAS, respectively, and detected 5,276 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) regulating expression of 3,347 genes based on population transcriptomes. Interestingly, a gene module (IC79), regulated by two eQTL hotspots, exhibited significant correlation with both seed weigh and oil content. Twenty-two candidate causal genes for seed traits were further prioritized by TWAS, including Regulator of Weight and Oil of Seed 1 (GmRWOS1), which encodes a sodium pump protein. GmRWOS1 was verified to pleiotropically regulate seed weight and oil content by gene knockout and overexpression. Notably, allelic variations of GmRWOS1 were strongly selected during domestication of soybean. This study uncovers the genetic basis and network underlying regulation of seed weight and oil content in soybean and provides a valuable resource for improving soybean yield and quality by molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Longfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Huatao Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Junrong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenxue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Qingxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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Xie X, Wu C, Hao Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Cai P, Zhang Y, Huang J, Deng K, Yan D, Lin H. Benefits and risks of drug combination therapy for diabetes mellitus and its complications: a comprehensive review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1301093. [PMID: 38179301 PMCID: PMC10766371 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, and its therapeutic goals focus on the effective management of blood glucose and various complications. Drug combination therapy has emerged as a comprehensive treatment approach for diabetes. An increasing number of studies have shown that, compared with monotherapy, combination therapy can bring significant clinical benefits while controlling blood glucose, weight, and blood pressure, as well as mitigating damage from certain complications and delaying their progression in diabetes, including both type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. This evidence provides strong support for the recommendation of combination therapy for diabetes and highlights the importance of combined treatment. In this review, we first provided a brief overview of the phenotype and pathogenesis of diabetes and discussed several conventional anti-diabetic medications currently used for the treatment of diabetes. We then reviewed several clinical trials and pre-clinical animal experiments on T1D, T2D, and their common complications to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different classes of drug combinations. In general, combination therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of diabetes. Integrating the effectiveness of multiple drugs enables more comprehensive and effective control of blood glucose without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or other serious adverse events. However, specific treatment regimens should be tailored to individual patients and implemented under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Xie
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuduo Hao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejun Deng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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6
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Gilles A, Hu L, Virdis F, Sant’Angelo DB, Dimitrova N, Hedrick JA, Denzin LK. The MHC Class II Antigen-Processing and Presentation Pathway Is Dysregulated in Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1630-1642. [PMID: 37811896 PMCID: PMC10872857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Peptide loading of MHC class II (MHCII) molecules is facilitated by HLA-DM (DM), which catalyzes CLIP release, stabilizes empty MHCII, and edits the MHCII-bound peptide repertoire. HLA-DO (DO) binds to DM and modulates its activity, resulting in an altered set of peptides presented at the cell surface. MHCII-peptide presentation in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is abnormal, leading to a breakdown in tolerance; however, no direct measurement of the MHCII pathway activity in T1D patients has been performed. In this study, we measured MHCII Ag-processing pathway activity in humans by determining MHCII, MHCII-CLIP, DM, and DO levels by flow cytometry for peripheral blood B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes from 99 T1D patients and 97 controls. Results showed that MHCII levels were similar for all three APC subsets. In contrast, MHCII-CLIP levels, independent of sex, age at blood draw, disease duration, and diagnosis age, were significantly increased for all three APCs, with B cells showing the largest increase (3.4-fold). DM and DO levels, which usually directly correlate with MHCII-CLIP levels, were unexpectedly identical in T1D patients and controls. Gene expression profiling on PBMC RNA showed that DMB mRNA was significantly elevated in T1D patients with residual C-peptide. This resulted in higher levels of DM protein in B cells and dendritic cells. DO levels were also increased, suggesting that the MHCII pathway maybe differentially regulated in individuals with residual C-peptide. Collectively, these studies show a dysregulation of the MHCII Ag-processing pathway in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambroise Gilles
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, Current address: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Lan Hu
- Oncology Informatics & Genomics, Philips North America, Cambridge, MA, 02141
| | - Francesca Virdis
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, Current address: Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Derek B. Sant’Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901
| | - Nevenka Dimitrova
- Oncology Informatics and Genomics, Philips North America, Valhalla, NY 10598, Current address: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065
| | | | - Lisa K. Denzin
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of NJ, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901
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7
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Pugliese LA, De Lorenzi V, Bernardi M, Ghignoli S, Tesi M, Marchetti P, Pesce L, Cardarelli F. Unveiling nanoscale optical signatures of cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13342. [PMID: 37587148 PMCID: PMC10432522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to β-cell failure in both Type-1 and Type-2 Diabetes. Data collected so far allowed to dissect the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical landscape underlying cytokine-induced β-cell progression through dysfunction. Yet, no report thus far complemented such molecular information with the direct optical nanoscopy of the β-cell subcellular environment. Here we tackle this issue in Insulinoma 1E (INS-1E) β-cells by label-free fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence-based super resolution imaging by expansion microscopy (ExM). It is found that 24-h exposure to IL-1β and IFN-γ is associated with a neat modification of the FLIM signature of cell autofluorescence due to the increase of either enzyme-bound NAD(P)H molecules and of oxidized lipid species. At the same time, ExM-based direct imaging unveils neat alteration of mitochondrial morphology (i.e. ~ 80% increase of mitochondrial circularity), marked degranulation (i.e. ~ 40% loss of insulin granules, with mis-localization of the surviving pool), appearance of F-actin-positive membrane blebs and an hitherto unknown extensive fragmentation of the microtubules network (e.g. ~ 37% reduction in the number of branches). Reported observations provide an optical-microscopy framework to interpret the amount of molecular information collected so far on β-cell dysfunction and pave the way to future ex-vivo and in-vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Anna Pugliese
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina De Lorenzi
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Bernardi
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuele Ghignoli
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Islet Cell Laboratory, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory - Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa, Italy.
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8
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Sharma S, Tan X, Boyer J, Clarke D, Costanzo A, Abe B, Kain L, Holt M, Armstrong A, Rihanek M, Su A, Speake C, Gottlieb P, Gottschalk M, Pettus J, Teyton L. Measuring anti-islet autoimmunity in mouse and human by profiling peripheral blood antigen-specific CD4 T cells. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade3614. [PMID: 37406136 PMCID: PMC10495123 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine pancreas is one of the most inaccessible organs of the human body. Its autoimmune attack leads to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in a genetically susceptible population and a lifelong need for exogenous insulin replacement. Monitoring disease progression by sampling peripheral blood would provide key insights into T1D immune-mediated mechanisms and potentially change preclinical diagnosis and the evaluation of therapeutic interventions. This effort has been limited to the measurement of circulating anti-islet antibodies, which despite a recognized diagnostic value, remain poorly predictive at the individual level for a fundamentally CD4 T cell-dependent disease. Here, peptide-major histocompatibility complex tetramers were used to profile blood anti-insulin CD4 T cells in mice and humans. While percentages of these were not directly informative, the state of activation of anti-insulin T cells measured by RNA and protein profiling was able to distinguish the absence of autoimmunity versus disease progression. Activated anti-insulin CD4 T cell were detected not only at time of diagnosis but also in patients with established disease and in some at-risk individuals. These results support the concept that antigen-specific CD4 T cells might be used to monitor autoimmunity in real time. This advance can inform our approach to T1D diagnosis and therapeutic interventions in the preclinical phase of anti-islet autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xuqian Tan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- School of Biological Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Josh Boyer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Don Clarke
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adrienne Armstrong
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Marynette Rihanek
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cate Speake
- Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA,98101, USA
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Diabetes Clinical Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Peter Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael Gottschalk
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jeremy Pettus
- Division of Endocrinology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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9
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Huang M, Chen W, Wang M, Huang Y, Liu H, Ming Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. Advanced Delivery Strategies for Immunotherapy in Type I Diabetes Mellitus. BioDrugs 2023; 37:331-352. [PMID: 37178431 PMCID: PMC10182560 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been defined as an autoimmune disease characterised by immune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic β cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. Current research has increasingly focused on immunotherapy based on immunosuppression and regulation to rescue T-cell-mediated β-cell destruction. Although T1DM immunotherapeutic drugs are constantly under clinical and preclinical development, several key challenges remain, including low response rates and difficulty in maintaining therapeutic effects. Advanced drug delivery strategies can effectively harness immunotherapies and improve their potency while reducing their adverse effects. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanisms of T1DM immunotherapy and focus on the current research status of the integration of the delivery techniques in T1DM immunotherapy. Furthermore, we critically analyse the challenges and future directions of T1DM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Cardinale CJ, Chang X, Wei Z, Qu HQ, Bradfield JP, Polychronakos C, Hakonarson H. Genome-wide association study of the age of onset of type 1 diabetes reveals HTATIP2 as a novel T cell regulator. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101488. [PMID: 36817429 PMCID: PMC9930890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 1 diabetes, a disorder caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells, is more difficult to manage when it presents at a younger age. We sought to identify genetic correlates of the age of onset by conducting the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) treating the age of first diagnosis as a quantitative trait. Methods We performed GWAS with a discovery cohort of 4,014 cases and a replication cohort of 493 independent cases. Genome-wide significant SNPs were mapped to a causal variant by Bayesian conditional analysis and gel shift assay. The causal protein-coding gene was identified and characterized by RNA interference treatment of primary human pan-CD4+ T cells with RNA-seq of the transcriptome. The candidate gene was evaluated functionally in primary cells by CD69 staining and proliferation assays. Results Our GWAS replicated the known association of the age of diagnosis with the human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA-DQB1). The second signal identified was in an intron of the NELL1 gene on chromosome 11 and fine-mapped to variant rs10833518 (P < 1.54 × 10-9). Homozygosity for the risk allele leads to average age of onset one year earlier. Knock-down of HIV TAT-interacting protein 2 (HTATIP2), but not other genes in the locus, resulted in alterations to gene expression in signal transduction pathways including MAP kinases and PI3-kinase. Higher levels of HTATIP2 expression are associated with increased viability, proliferation, and activation of T cells in the presence of signals from antigen and cytokine receptors. Discussion This study implicates HTATIP2 as a new type 1 diabetes gene acting via T cell regulation. Larger population sample sizes are expected to reveal additional loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cardinale
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiao Chang
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data For Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Woodward AA, Urbanowicz RJ, Naj AC, Moore JH. Genetic heterogeneity: Challenges, impacts, and methods through an associative lens. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:555-571. [PMID: 35924480 PMCID: PMC9669229 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity describes the occurrence of the same or similar phenotypes through different genetic mechanisms in different individuals. Robustly characterizing and accounting for genetic heterogeneity is crucial to pursuing the goals of precision medicine, for discovering novel disease biomarkers, and for identifying targets for treatments. Failure to account for genetic heterogeneity may lead to missed associations and incorrect inferences. Thus, it is critical to review the impact of genetic heterogeneity on the design and analysis of population level genetic studies, aspects that are often overlooked in the literature. In this review, we first contextualize our approach to genetic heterogeneity by proposing a high-level categorization of heterogeneity into "feature," "outcome," and "associative" heterogeneity, drawing on perspectives from epidemiology and machine learning to illustrate distinctions between them. We highlight the unique nature of genetic heterogeneity as a heterogeneous pattern of association that warrants specific methodological considerations. We then focus on the challenges that preclude effective detection and characterization of genetic heterogeneity across a variety of epidemiological contexts. Finally, we discuss systems heterogeneity as an integrated approach to using genetic and other high-dimensional multi-omic data in complex disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa A. Woodward
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ryan J. Urbanowicz
- Department of Computational BiomedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and InformaticsUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jason H. Moore
- Department of Computational BiomedicineCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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12
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Tsukumo SI, Subramani PG, Seija N, Tabata M, Maekawa Y, Mori Y, Ishifune C, Itoh Y, Ota M, Fujio K, Di Noia JM, Yasutomo K. AFF3, a susceptibility factor for autoimmune diseases, is a molecular facilitator of immunoglobulin class switch recombination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0008. [PMID: 36001653 PMCID: PMC9401627 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) plays critical roles in controlling infections and inflammatory tissue injuries. Here, we show that AFF3, a candidate gene for both rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, is a molecular facilitator of CSR with an isotype preference. Aff3-deficient mice exhibit low serum levels of immunoglobulins, predominantly immunoglobulin G2c (IgG2c) followed by IgG1 and IgG3 but not IgM. Furthermore, Aff3-deficient mice show weak resistance to Plasmodium yoelii infection, confirming that Aff3 modulates immunity to this pathogen. Mechanistically, the AFF3 protein binds to the IgM and IgG1 switch regions via a C-terminal domain, and Aff3 deficiency reduces the binding of AID to the switch regions less efficiently. One AFF3 risk allele for rheumatoid arthritis is associated with high mRNA expression of AFF3, IGHG2, and IGHA2 in human B cells. These findings demonstrate that AFF3 directly regulates CSR by facilitating the recruitment of AID to the switch regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Tsukumo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Poorani Ganesh Subramani
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Noé Seija
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mizuho Tabata
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuya Mori
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Chieko Ishifune
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mineto Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javier M. Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine and Photonics, Institute of Post-LED Photonics, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- The Research Cluster Program on Immunological Diseases, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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13
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Chatenoud L, Marquet C, Valette F, Scott L, Quan J, Bu CH, Hildebrand S, Moresco EMY, Bach JF, Beutler B. Modulation of autoimmune diabetes by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea- induced mutations in non-obese diabetic mice. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:275575. [PMID: 35502705 PMCID: PMC9178510 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in humans, and in congenic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice harboring DNA segments from T1D-resistant mice, face the challenge of assigning causation to specific gene variants among many within loci that affect disease risk. Here, we created random germline mutations in NOD/NckH mice and used automated meiotic mapping to identify mutations modifying T1D incidence and age of onset. In contrast with association studies in humans or congenic NOD mice, we analyzed a relatively small number of genetic changes in each pedigree, permitting implication of specific mutations as causative. Among 844 mice from 14 pedigrees bearing 594 coding/splicing changes, we identified seven mutations that accelerated T1D development, and five that delayed or suppressed T1D. Eleven mutations affected genes not previously known to influence T1D (Xpnpep1, Herc1, Srrm2, Rapgef1, Ppl, Zfp583, Aldh1l1, Col6a1, Ccdc13, Cd200r1, Atrnl1). A suppressor mutation in Coro1a validated the screen. Mutagenesis coupled with automated meiotic mapping can detect genes in which allelic variation influences T1D susceptibility in NOD mice. Variation of some of the orthologous/paralogous genes may influence T1D susceptibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Cindy Marquet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Valette
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lindsay Scott
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiexia Quan
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chun Hui Bu
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sara Hildebrand
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eva Marie Y Moresco
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jean-François Bach
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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14
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Aubin AM, Lombard-Vadnais F, Collin R, Aliesky HA, McLachlan SM, Lesage S. The NOD Mouse Beyond Autoimmune Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:874769. [PMID: 35572553 PMCID: PMC9102607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes arises spontaneously in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, and the pathophysiology of this disease shares many similarities with human type 1 diabetes. Since its generation in 1980, the NOD mouse, derived from the Cataract Shinogi strain, has represented the gold standard of spontaneous disease models, allowing to investigate autoimmune diabetes disease progression and susceptibility traits, as well as to test a wide array of potential treatments and therapies. Beyond autoimmune diabetes, NOD mice also exhibit polyautoimmunity, presenting with a low incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis and Sjögren's syndrome. Genetic manipulation of the NOD strain has led to the generation of new mouse models facilitating the study of these and other autoimmune pathologies. For instance, following deletion of specific genes or via insertion of resistance alleles at genetic loci, NOD mice can become fully resistant to autoimmune diabetes; yet the newly generated diabetes-resistant NOD strains often show a high incidence of other autoimmune diseases. This suggests that the NOD genetic background is highly autoimmune-prone and that genetic manipulations can shift the autoimmune response from the pancreas to other organs. Overall, multiple NOD variant strains have become invaluable tools for understanding the pathophysiology of and for dissecting the genetic susceptibility of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. An interesting commonality to all autoimmune diseases developing in variant strains of the NOD mice is the presence of autoantibodies. This review will present the NOD mouse as a model for studying autoimmune diseases beyond autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Aubin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Félix Lombard-Vadnais
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roxanne Collin
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CellCarta, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly A. Aliesky
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sandra M. McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Division, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Al Yafei Z, Mack SJ, Alvares M, Ali BR, Afandi B, Beshyah SA, Sharma C, Osman W, Mirghani R, Nasr A, Al Remithi S, Al Jubeh J, Almawi WY, AlKaabi J, ElGhazali G. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 Alleles, Haplotypes and Genotypes in Emirati Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Underscores the Benefits of Evaluating Understudied Populations. Front Genet 2022; 13:841879. [PMID: 35419034 PMCID: PMC8997289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.841879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: HLA class II (DR and DQ) alleles and antigens have historically shown strong genetic predisposition to type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study evaluated the association of DRB1 and DQB1 alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes with T1D in United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: Study subjects comprised 149 patients with T1D, and 147 normoglycemic control subjects. Cases and controls were Emiratis and were HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 genotyped using sequence-based typing. Statistical analysis was performed using Bridging Immunogenomic Data-Analysis Workflow Gaps R package. Results: In total, 15 DRB1 and 9 DQB1 alleles were identified in the study subjects, of which the association of DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:02, DRB1*11:01, DRB1*16:02, and DQB1*02:01, DQB1*03:02, DQB1*03:01, and DQB1*06:01 with altered risk of T1D persisted after correcting for multiple comparisons. Two-locus haplotype analysis identified DRB1*03:01∼DQB1*02:01 [0.44 vs. 0.18, OR (95% CI) = 3.44 (2.33-5.1), Pc = 3.48 × 10-10]; DRB1*04:02∼DQB1*03:02 [0.077 vs. 0.014, OR = 6.06 (2.03-24.37), Pc = 2.3 × 10-3] and DRB1*04:05∼DQB1*03:02 [0.060 vs. 0.010, OR = 6.24 (1.79-33.34), Pc = 0.011] as positively associated, and DRB1*16:02∼DQB1*05:02 [0.024 vs. 0.075, OR = 0.3 (0.11-0.74), Pc = 0.041] as negatively associated with T1D, after applying Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, the highest T1D risk was observed for DR3/DR4 [0.104 vs. 0.006, OR = 25.03 (8.23-97.2), Pc = 2.6 × 10-10], followed by DR3/DR3 [0.094 vs. 0.010, OR = 8.72 (3.17-25.32), Pc = 3.18 × 10-8] diplotypes. Conclusion: While DRB1 and DQB1 alleles and haplotypes associated with T1D in Emiratis showed similarities to Caucasian and non-Caucasian populations, several alleles and haplotypes associated with T1D in European, African, and Asian populations, were not observed. This underscores the contribution of ethnic diversity and possible diverse associations between DRB1 and DQB1 and T1D across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Al Yafei
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Steven J Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marion Alvares
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bachar Afandi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salem A Beshyah
- Department of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael Osman
- College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajaa Mirghani
- Higher College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amre Nasr
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sareea Al Remithi
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamal Al Jubeh
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wasim Y Almawi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Juma AlKaabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gehad ElGhazali
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Internal Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Chung W. Statistical models and computational tools for predicting complex traits and diseases. Genomics Inform 2022; 19:e36. [PMID: 35012283 PMCID: PMC8752975 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting individual traits and diseases from genetic variants is critical to fulfilling the promise of personalized medicine. The genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including variants well below GWAS significance, can be aggregated into highly significant predictions across a wide range of complex traits and diseases. The recent arrival of large-sample public biobanks enables highly accurate polygenic predictions based on genetic variants across the whole genome. Various statistical methodologies and diverse computational tools have been introduced and developed to computed the polygenic risk score (PRS) more accurately. However, many researchers utilize PRS tools without a thorough understanding of the underlying model and how to specify the parameters for the best performance. It is advantageous to study the statistical models implemented in computational tools for PRS estimation and the formulas of parameters to be specified. Here, we review a variety of recent statistical methodologies and computational tools for PRS computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonil Chung
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Memon B, Abdelalim EM. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:704-714. [PMID: 35640144 PMCID: PMC9299517 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genome profiling provides important genetic and phenotypic details for applying precision medicine to diabetes, it is imperative to integrate in vitro human cell models, accurately recapitulating the genetic alterations associated with diabetes. The absence of the appropriate preclinical human models and the unavailability of genetically relevant cells substantially limit the progress in developing personalized treatment for diabetes. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a scalable source for generating diabetes-relevant cells carrying the genetic signatures of the patients. Remarkably, allogenic hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors and β cells are being used in clinical trials with promising preliminary results. Autologous hiPSC therapy options exist for those with monogenic and type 2 diabetes; however, encapsulation or immunosuppression must be accompanied with in the case of type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies-identified candidate variants can be introduced in hPSCs for deciphering the associated molecular defects. The hPSC-based disease models serve as excellent resources for drug development facilitating personalized treatment. Indeed, hPSC-based diabetes models have successfully provided valuable knowledge by modeling different types of diabetes, which are discussed in this review. Herein, we also evaluate their strengths and shortcomings in dissecting the underlying pathogenic molecular mechanisms and discuss strategies for improving hPSC-based disease modeling investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Memon
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Corresponding author: Essam M. Abdelalim, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa, University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar. Tel: +974 445 46432; Fax: +974 445 41770;
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18
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Brodnicki TC. A Role for lncRNAs in Regulating Inflammatory and Autoimmune Responses Underlying Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1363:97-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Gardner G, Fraker CA. Natural Killer Cells as Key Mediators in Type I Diabetes Immunopathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722979. [PMID: 34489972 PMCID: PMC8417893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology of type I diabetes (T1D) presents a complicated case in part because of the multifactorial origin of this disease. Typically, T1D is thought to occur as a result of autoimmunity toward islets of Langerhans, resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing cells (β cells) and thus lifelong reliance on exogenous insulin. However, that explanation obscures much of the underlying mechanism, and the actual precipitating events along with the associated actors (latent viral infection, diverse immune cell types and their roles) are not completely understood. Notably, there is a malfunctioning in the regulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that target endocrine cells through antigen-mediated attack. Further examination has revealed the likelihood of an imbalance in distinct subpopulations of tolerogenic and cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells that may be the catalyst of adaptive immune system malfunction. The contributions of components outside the immune system, including environmental factors such as chronic viral infection also need more consideration, and much of the recent literature investigating the origins of this disease have focused on these factors. In this review, the details of the immunopathology of T1D regarding NK cell disfunction is discussed, along with how those mechanisms stand within the context of general autoimmune disorders. Finally, the rarer cases of latent autoimmune, COVID-19 (viral), and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) induced diabetes are discussed as their exceptional pathology offers insight into the evolution of the disease as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A. Fraker
- Tissue and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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20
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Vigers T, Vanderlinden LA, Johnson RK, Carry PM, Yang I, DeFelice BC, Kaizer AM, Pyle L, Rewers M, Fiehn O, Norris JM, Kechris K. A Mediation Approach to Discovering Causal Relationships between the Metabolome and DNA Methylation in Type 1 Diabetes. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080542. [PMID: 34436483 PMCID: PMC8399445 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors including viruses, diet, and the metabolome have been linked with the appearance of islet autoimmunity (IA) that precedes development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We measured global DNA methylation (DNAm) and untargeted metabolomics prior to IA and at the time of seroconversion to IA in 92 IA cases and 91 controls from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Causal mediation models were used to identify seven DNAm probe-metabolite pairs in which the metabolite measured at IA mediated the protective effect of the DNAm probe measured prior to IA against IA risk. These pairs included five DNAm probes mediated by histidine (a metabolite known to affect T1D risk), one probe (cg01604946) mediated by phostidyl choline p-32:0 or o-32:1, and one probe (cg00390143) mediated by sphingomyelin d34:2. The top 100 DNAm probes were over-represented in six reactome pathways at the FDR <0.1 level (q = 0.071), including transport of small molecules and inositol phosphate metabolism. While the causal pathways in our mediation models require further investigation to better understand the biological mechanisms, we identified seven methylation sites that may improve our understanding of epigenetic protection against T1D as mediated by the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vigers
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.K.); (L.P.); (K.K.)
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (P.M.C.); (J.M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lauren A. Vanderlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.A.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Randi K. Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.K.J.); (I.Y.)
| | - Patrick M. Carry
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (P.M.C.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Ivana Yang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (R.K.J.); (I.Y.)
| | - Brian C. DeFelice
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.C.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Alexander M. Kaizer
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.K.); (L.P.); (K.K.)
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.K.); (L.P.); (K.K.)
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (P.M.C.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Marian Rewers
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.A.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (B.C.D.); (O.F.)
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (P.M.C.); (J.M.N.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.A.V.); (M.R.)
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.K.); (L.P.); (K.K.)
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21
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Somatic Mutations and Autoimmunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082056. [PMID: 34440825 PMCID: PMC8394445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are among the most common chronic illness caused by a dysregulated immune response against self-antigens. Close to 5% of the general population in Western countries develops some form of autoimmunity, yet its underlying causes, although intensively studied, are still not fully known, and no curative therapies exist. It is well established that autoimmune diseases have common mechanisms and are caused by both genetic and non-genetic risk factors. One novel risk factor that can contribute to autoimmunity is somatic mutations, in a role parallel to their role in cancer. Somatic mutations are stochastic, de novo, non-inherited mutations. In this hypothesis, the persistent proliferation of self-reactive lymphocytes (that is usually hindered by a series of checkpoints) is permitted, due to somatic mutations in these expanding cells, allowing them to bypass multiple regulatory checkpoints, causing autoimmunity. This novel concept of the contribution of these mutations in non-malignant diseases has recently started to be explored. It proposes a novel paradigm for autoimmunity etiology and could be the missing piece of the autoimmunity puzzle.
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22
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Qu J, Qu HQ, Bradfield JP, Glessner JT, Chang X, Tian L, March M, Connolly JJ, Roizen JD, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H. Insights into non-autoimmune type 1 diabetes with 13 novel loci in low polygenic risk score patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16013. [PMID: 34362956 PMCID: PMC8346538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With polygenic risk score (PRS) for autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), this study identified T1D cases with low T1D PRS and searched for susceptibility loci in these cases. Our hypothesis is that genetic effects (likely mediated by relatively rare genetic variants) of non-mainstream (or non-autoimmune) T1D might have been diluted in the previous studies on T1D cases in general. Two cohorts for the PRS modeling and testing respectively were included. The first cohort consisted of 3302 T1D cases and 6181 controls, and the independent second cohort consisted of 3297 T1D cases and 6169 controls. Cases with low T1D PRS were identified using PRSice-2 and compared to controls with low T1D PRS by genome-wide association (GWA) test. Thirteen novel genetic loci with high imputation quality (Quality Score r2 > 0.91) were identified of SNPs/SNVs associated with low PRS T1D at genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5.0 × E-08), in addition to 4 established T1D loci, 3 reported loci by our previous study, as well as 9 potential novel loci represented by rare SNVs, but with relatively low imputation quality (Quality Score r2 < 0.90). For the 13 novel loci, 9 regions have been reported of association with obesity related traits by previous GWA studies. Three loci encoding long intergenic non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNA), and 2 loci involved in N-linked glycosylation are also highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - Joseph T. Glessner
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Xiao Chang
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Michael March
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - John J. Connolly
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Roizen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Patrick M. A. Sleiman
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770The Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA ,grid.239552.a0000 0001 0680 8770Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P. Relationships between emissions of toxic airborne molecules and type 1 diabetes incidence in children: An ecologic study. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:673-684. [PMID: 33995854 PMCID: PMC8107975 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes originates from gene-environment interactions, with increasing incidence over time.
AIM To identify correlates of childhood type 1 diabetes in European countries using an ecological approach. Several environmental variables potentially influencing the onset of type 1 diabetes have been previously evaluated. However, the relationships between epidemiologic data and exposure to toxic airborne molecules are scarcely studied.
METHODS We employed an ecological model to explore, in a wide time period (1990-2018), associations between type 1 diabetes incidence in 19 European countries (systematic literature review) and the nationwide production of five widely diffused air pollutants: particulate matter < 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen oxides (NO), non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulphur oxide (SO2), and ammonia.
RESULTS Data confirm a raising incidence of type 1 diabetes in 18 out of 19 explored countries. The average difference (last vs first report, all countries) was +6.9 × 100000/year, with values ranging from -1.4 (Germany) to +16.6 (Sweden) per 100000/year. Although the overall production of pollutants decreased progressively from 1990 to 2018, type 1 diabetes incidence was positively associated with the nationwide emissions of PM10, VOCs, and NO but not with those of SO2 and ammonia. Type 1 diabetes incidence was significantly higher in countries with high emissions than in those with low emissions of PM10 (27.5 ± 2.4 vs 14.6 ± 2.4 × 100000 residents, respectively), VOCs (24.5 ± 4.4 vs 13.2 ± 1.7 × 100000 residents, respectively), and NO (26.6 ± 3 vs 13.4 ± 2.4 × 100000 residents, respectively), but not of SO2 or ammonia.
CONCLUSION Evidence justify further studies to explore better links between long-term air quality and type 1 diabetes onset at the individual level, which should include exposures during pregnancy. In this respect, type 1 diabetes could be, at least in part, a preventable condition. Thus, primary prevention policies acting through a marked abatement of pollutant emissions might attenuate future type 1 diabetes incidence throughout Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy
- International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE), Via XXV Aprile n.34 – 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari 70124, Italy
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24
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Marchand L, Li M, Leblicq C, Rafique I, Alarcon-Martinez T, Lange C, Rendon L, Tam E, Courville-Le Bouyonnec A, Polychronakos C. Monogenic Causes in the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium Cohort: Low Genetic Risk for Autoimmunity in Case Selection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1804-1810. [PMID: 33538814 PMCID: PMC8118360 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS About 1% of patients clinically diagnosed as type 1 diabetes have non-autoimmune monogenic diabetes. The distinction has important therapeutic implications but, given the low prevalence and high cost of testing, selecting patients to test is important. We tested the hypothesis that low genetic risk for type 1 diabetes can substantially contribute to this selection. METHODS As proof of principle, we examined by exome sequencing families with 2 or more children, recruited by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) and selected for negativity for 2 autoantibodies and absence of risk human leukocyte antigen haplotypes. RESULTS We examined 46 families that met the criteria. Of the 17 with an affected parent, 7 (41.2%) had actionable monogenic variants. Of 29 families with no affected parent, 14 (48.3%) had such variants, including 5 with recessive pathogenic variants of WFS1 but no report of other features of Wolfram syndrome. Our approach diagnosed 55.8% of the estimated number of monogenic families in the entire T1DGC cohort, by sequencing only 11.1% of the autoantibody-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS Our findings justify proceeding to large-scale prospective screening studies using markers of autoimmunity, even in the absence of an affected parent. We also confirm that nonsyndromic WFS1 variants are common among cases of monogenic diabetes misdiagnosed as type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Marchand
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meihang Li
- Clinical Research Center, Maoming People’s Hospital, Guangdong, China
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
- Meihang Li, PhD, Maoming People’s Hospital, 101 Weimin Road, Maoming 525000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Coralie Leblicq
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ibrar Rafique
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tugba Alarcon-Martinez
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claire Lange
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura Rendon
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily Tam
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ariane Courville-Le Bouyonnec
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- Montreal Children’s Hospital and the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program, the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- MaiDa Gene Technology, Zhoushan, China
- Correspondence: Constantin Polychronakos, MD, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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25
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Al Naqbi H, Mawart A, Alshamsi J, Al Safar H, Tay GK. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) associations with diseases in ethnic groups of the Arabian Peninsula. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:131-152. [PMID: 33528690 PMCID: PMC7946680 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), the function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene families in a wide range of diseases have been the subject of research for decades. In particular, the associations of autoimmune disorders to allelic variants and candidate genes encoding the MHC are well documented. However, despite decades of research, the knowledge of MHC associations with human disease susceptibility have been predominantly studied in European origin, with limited understanding in different populations and ethnic groups. This is particularly evident in countries and ethnic populations of the Arabian Peninsula. Human MHC haplotypes, and its association with diseases, of the variable ethnic groups of this region are poorly studied. This review compiled published manuscripts that have reported a list of autoimmune diseases (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris, and multiple sclerosis) associated with MHC class I and class II in the populations of the Arabian Peninsula, specifically Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Data available was compared with other three ethnic groups, namely Caucasians, Asians, and Africans. The limited data available in the public domain on the association between MHC gene and autoimmune diseases highlight the challenges in the Middle Eastern region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Al Naqbi
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aurélie Mawart
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jawaher Alshamsi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Al Safar
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
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26
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Collin R, Dugas V, Pelletier AN, Chabot-Roy G, Lesage S. Evidence of genetic epistasis in autoimmune diabetes susceptibility revealed by mouse congenic sublines. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:307-319. [PMID: 33755757 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes is a complex genetic trait. Linkage analyses exploiting the NOD mouse, which spontaneously develops autoimmune diabetes, have proved to be a useful tool for the characterization of some of these traits. In a linkage analysis using 3A9 TCR transgenic mice on both B10.BR and NOD.H2k backgrounds, we previously determined that both the Idd2 and Idd13 loci were linked to the proportion of immunoregulatory CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) T cells. In addition to Idd2 and Idd13, five other loci showed weak linkage to the proportion of DN T cells. Of interest, in an interim analysis, a locus on chromosome 12 is linked to DN T cell proportion in both the spleen and the lymph nodes. To determine the impact of this locus on DN T cells, we generated two congenic sublines, which we named Chr12P and Chr12D for proximal and distal, respectively. While 3A9 TCR:insHEL NOD.H2k-Chr12D mice were protected from diabetes, 3A9 TCR:insHEL NOD.H2k-Chr12P showed an increase in diabetes incidence. Yet, the proportion of DN T cells was similar to the parental 3A9 TCR NOD.H2k strain for both of these congenic sublines. A genome-wide two dimensional LOD score analysis reveals genetic epistasis between chromosome 12 and the Idd13 locus. Altogether, this study identified further complex genetic interactions in defining the proportion of DN T cells, along with evidence of genetic epistasis within a locus on chromosome 12 influencing autoimmune susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Collin
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
- CellCarta, 201 President Kennedy Avenue, Suite 3900, Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Véronique Dugas
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Chabot-Roy
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Cellular Immunogenetics laboratory, Division of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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27
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Dong M, Audiger C, Adegoke A, Lebel MÈ, Valbon SF, Anderson CC, Melichar HJ, Lesage S. CD5 levels reveal distinct basal T-cell receptor signals in T cells from non-obese diabetic mice. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:656-667. [PMID: 33534942 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice occurs when autoreactive T cells eliminate insulin producing pancreatic β cells. While extensively studied in T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, the contribution of alterations in thymic selection to the polyclonal T-cell pool in NOD mice is not yet resolved. The magnitude of signals downstream of TCR engagement with self-peptide directs the development of a functional T-cell pool, in part by ensuring tolerance to self. TCR interactions with self-peptide are also necessary for T-cell homeostasis in the peripheral lymphoid organs. To identify differences in TCR signal strength that accompany thymic selection and peripheral T-cell maintenance, we compared CD5 levels, a marker of basal TCR signal strength, on immature and mature T cells from autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD and -resistant B6 mice. The data suggest that there is no preferential selection of NOD thymocytes that perceive stronger TCR signals from self-peptide engagement. Instead, NOD mice have an MHC-dependent increase in CD4+ thymocytes and mature T cells that express lower levels of CD5. In contrast, T cell-intrinsic mechanisms lead to higher levels of CD5 on peripheral CD8+ T cells from NOD relative to B6 mice, suggesting that peripheral CD8+ T cells with higher basal TCR signals may have survival advantages in NOD mice. These differences in the T-cell pool in NOD mice may contribute to the development or progression of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Dong
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cindy Audiger
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Adeolu Adegoke
- Departments of Surgery, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stefanie F Valbon
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Departments of Surgery and Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Alberta Transplant Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tizaoui K, Terrazzino S, Cargnin S, Lee KH, Gauckler P, Li H, Shin JI, Kronbichler A. The role of PTPN22 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:513-522. [PMID: 33866147 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide, thus stimulating studies on their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic association studies have shown the PTPN22 gene as a shared genetic risk factor with implications in multiple autoimmune disorders. By encoding a protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed by the majority of cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune systems, the PTPN22 gene may have a fundamental role in the development of immune dysfunction. PTPN22 polymorphisms are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and many other autoimmune conditions. In this review, we discuss the progress in our understanding of how PTPN22 impacts autoimmunity in both humans and animal models. In addition, we highlight the pathogenic significance of the PTPN22 gene, with particular emphasis on its role in T and B cells, and its function in innate immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic and natural killer cells. We focus particularly on the complexity of PTPN22 interplay with biological processes of the immune system. Findings highlight the importance of studying the function of disease-associated PTPN22 variants in different cell types and open new avenues of investigation with the potential to drive further insights into mechanisms of PTPN22. These new insights will reveal important clues to the molecular mechanisms of prevalent autoimmune diseases and propose new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalthoum Tizaoui
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
| | - Salvatore Terrazzino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Sarah Cargnin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Center of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics (CRIFF), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Keum Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Philipp Gauckler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Han Li
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Andreas Kronbichler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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29
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Abdelalim EM. Modeling different types of diabetes using human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2459-2483. [PMID: 33242105 PMCID: PMC11072720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, which could lead to several debilitating complications. Different paths, triggered by several genetic and environmental factors, lead to the loss of pancreatic β cells and/or function. Understanding these many paths to β cell damage or dysfunction could help in identifying therapeutic approaches specific for each path. Most of our knowledge about diabetes pathophysiology has been obtained from studies on animal models, which do not fully recapitulate human diabetes phenotypes. Currently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology is a powerful tool for generating in vitro human models, which could provide key information about the disease pathogenesis and provide cells for personalized therapies. The recent progress in generating functional hPSC-derived β cells in combination with the rapid development in genomic and genome-editing technologies offer multiple options to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of different types of diabetes. Recently, several in vitro hPSC-based strategies have been used for studying monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different hPSC-based diabetes models and how these models improved our current understanding of the pathophysiology of distinct forms of diabetes. Also, it highlights the progress in generating functional β cells in vitro, and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives related to the use of the in vitro hPSC-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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30
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Type 1 diabetes: genes associated with disease development. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 45:439-453. [PMID: 33658892 PMCID: PMC7882399 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2020.103386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the third most common autoimmune disease which develops due to genetic and environmental risk factors. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) report from 2014 the number of people suffering from all types of diabetes ascended to 422 million, compared to 108 million in 1980. It was calculated that this number will double by the end of 2030. In 2015 American Diabetes Association (ADA) announced that 30.3 million Americans (that is 9.4% of the overall population) had diabetes of which only approximately 1.25 million had T1D. Nowadays, T1D represents roughly 10% of adult diabetes cases total. Multiple genetic abnormalities at different loci have been found to contribute to type 1 diabetes development. The analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T1D has identified over 50 susceptible regions (and genes within these regions). Many of these regions are defined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) but molecular mechanisms through which they increase or lower the risk of diabetes remain unknown. Genetic factors (in existence since birth) can be detected long before the emergence of immunological or clinical markers. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the multiple genetic factors underlying T1D is extremely important for further clinical trials and development of personalized medicine for diabetic patients. We present an overview of current studies and information about regions in the human genome associated with T1D. Moreover, we also put forward information about epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs and environmental factors involved in T1D development and onset.
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31
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Denyer AL, Catchpole B, Davison LJ. Genetics of canine diabetes mellitus part 2: Current understanding and future directions. Vet J 2021; 270:105612. [PMID: 33641811 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Part 1 of this 2-part review outlined the importance of disease classification in diabetes genetic studies, as well as the ways in which genetic variants may contribute to risk of a complex disease within an individual, or within a particular group of individuals. Part 2, presented here, describes in more detail our current understanding of the genetics of canine diabetes mellitus compared to our knowledge of the human disease. Ongoing work to improve our knowledge, using new technologies, is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice L Denyer
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Brian Catchpole
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Lucy J Davison
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Ramos-Rodríguez M, Pérez-González B, Pasquali L. The β-Cell Genomic Landscape in T1D: Implications for Disease Pathogenesis. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:1. [PMID: 33387073 PMCID: PMC7778620 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 diabetes (T1D) develops as a consequence of a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Combined, these events trigger an autoimmune disease that results in progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, leading to insulin deficiency. This article reviews the current knowledge on the genetics of T1D with a specific focus on genetic variation in pancreatic islet regulatory networks and its implication to T1D risk and disease development. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggest an active role of β cells in T1D pathogenesis. Based on such observation several studies aimed in mapping T1D risk variants acting at the β cell level. Such studies unravel T1D risk loci shared with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and T1D risk variants potentially interfering with β-cell responses to external stimuli. The characterization of regulatory genomics maps of disease-relevant states and cell types can be used to elucidate the mechanistic role of β cells in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Ramos-Rodríguez
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-González
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ying L, Zhang Y, Yin J, Wang Y, Lu W, Zhu W, Bao Y, Zhou J. Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4661-4670. [PMID: 34876826 PMCID: PMC8643161 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s334712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore the immunological characteristics and cytokine profile of the initial stage of type 1 diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 123 age- and sex-matched subjects with newly diagnosed classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1ADM), fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Serum cytokine levels were measured using Milliplex MAP multifactor detection. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ1) and TGFβ2 and decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1), PD ligand 1 (PD-L1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes patients compared with the NGT subjects (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood routine indicators between the two groups. Type 1 diabetes was further divided into T1ADM and FT1DM subgroups. FT1DM patients had much higher CRP levels than T1ADM patients (4.90 [0.95-26.05] mg/L vs 0.39 [0.20-0.74] mg/L, P < 0.01). Blood routine results showed that the number of leukocytes was significantly increased in FT1DM compared with that in T1ADM (9.2 [5.1-18.8] × 109 cells/L vs 5.4 [4.5-6.7] × 109 cells/L, P < 0.01). In FT1DM patients, neutrophil% was increased, and lymphocyte% was declined significantly, compared with that in T1ADM patients (neutrophil%: 80.2 [59.2-85.2]% vs 59.5 [54.8-64.0]%; lymphocyte%: 18.3 [10.1-32.3]% vs 32.6 [26.8-35.9]%; both P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between FT1DM and T1ADM in cytokine profile except for the decrease in CTLA-4 in T1ADM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with T1ADM, CRP and leukocytes' levels were increased significantly in FT1DM, with an increase in neutrophil% and decline in lymphocyte%, suggesting that FT1DM may have more abrupt onset and occur as a more serious subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Ying
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Zhou Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-64369181Fax +86-21-64368031 Email
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Chu EPF, Lin CH, Cho CHH, Cheng IF, Kuo TC, Chen RY, Liao CN, Cheng JC, Tsai JI, Wang PC, Chang SJ, Shen CN. Establishment of three human induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a type 1 diabetic family harboring sequence variants associated with autoimmunity. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102029. [PMID: 33096384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β cells. Genetic studies have identified > 60 T1D risk loci that harbor genes with disease-causative alleles. However, determining the biological effects of such loci is often difficult due to limited tissue availability. Disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a valuable resource for modeling T1D pathogenesis. In particular, families with complete disease penetrance offer an opportunity to further dissect T1D risk loci. Here, we describe the generation of three hiPSC lines from a T1D family with sequence variants associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Hung Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Fen Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Kuo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Departiment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ying Chen
- Departiment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Nan Liao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Po-Chuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Departiment of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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35
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Allard-Chamard H, Mishra HK, Nandi M, Mayhue M, Menendez A, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. Interleukin-15 in autoimmunity. Cytokine 2020; 136:155258. [PMID: 32919253 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a member of the IL-2 family of cytokines, which use receptor complexes containing the common gamma (γc) chain for signaling. IL-15 plays important roles in innate and adaptative immune responses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune diseases. The IL-15 receptor consists of 3 subunits namely, the ligand-binding IL-15Rα chain, the β chain (also used by IL-2) and the γc chain. IL-15 uses a unique signaling pathway whereby IL-15 associates with IL-15Rα during biosynthesis, and this complex is 'trans-presented' to responder cells that expresses the IL-2/15Rβγc receptor complex. IL-15 is subject to post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation, and evidence also suggests that IL-15 cis-signaling can occur under certain conditions. IL-15 has been implicated in the pathology of various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease and psoriasis. Studies with pre-clinical models have shown the beneficial effects of targeting IL-15 signaling in autoimmunity. Unlike therapies targeting other cytokines, anti-IL-15 therapies have not yet been successful in humans. We discuss the complexities of IL-15 signaling in autoimmunity and explore potential immunotherapeutic approaches to target the IL-15 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Hemant K Mishra
- Vet & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Mayhue
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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Geng G, Zhang Z, Cheng L. Identification of a Multi-Long Noncoding RNA Signature for the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:553. [PMID: 32719778 PMCID: PMC7350420 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its complications, there is an urgent need to identify novel methods for predicting the occurrence and understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Accumulated data have demonstrated the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as biomarkers in establishing diagnosis and predicting prognosis of numerous diseases. Yet, little is known about the expression patterns and regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of T1DM and whether they can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. To further explore these questions, in the present study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the expression patterns of lncRNAs between 20 T1DM patients and 42 health controls by retrospectively analyzing a published microarray data set. Our results indicate that, compared with healthy controls, diabetic patients had altered levels of lncRNAs. Then, we used three time cross-validation strategy and support vector machine to propose a specific 26-lncRNA signature (termed 26LncSigT1DM). This 26LncSigT1DM signature can be used to effectively distinguish between healthy and diabetic individuals (area under the curve = 0.825) of a validation cohort. After the 26LncSigT1DM was prospectively validated, we used Pearson correlation to identify 915 mRNAs, whose expression levels were positively correlated with those of the 26 lncRNAs. According to their Gene Ontology annotations, these mRNAs participate in processes including cellular response to stimulus, cell communication, multicellular organismal process, and cell motility. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis demonstrated that the genes encoding the 915 mRNAs may be associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, and mineral absorption, suggesting that the deregulation of these lncRNAs may mediate inflammatory abnormalities and immune dysfunctions, which jointly promote the pathogenesis of T1DM. Thus, our study identifies a novel diagnostic tool and may shed more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Geng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zicheng Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Eizirik DL, Pasquali L, Cnop M. Pancreatic β-cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: different pathways to failure. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:349-362. [PMID: 32398822 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss of functional β-cell mass is the key mechanism leading to the two main forms of diabetes mellitus - type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the mechanisms behind β-cell failure is critical to prevent or revert disease. Basic pathogenic differences exist in the two forms of diabetes mellitus; T1DM is immune mediated and T2DM is mediated by metabolic mechanisms. These mechanisms differentially affect early β-cell dysfunction and eventual fate. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in the field, mostly delivered by studies on β-cells in human disease. These advances include studies of islet morphology and human β-cell gene expression in T1DM and T2DM, the identification and characterization of the role of T1DM and T2DM candidate genes at the β-cell level and the endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling that contributes to β-cell failure in T1DM (mostly IRE1 driven) and T2DM (mostly PERK-eIF2α dependent). Here, we review these new findings, focusing on studies performed on human β-cells or on samples obtained from patients with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Décio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Welbio Investigator, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute (IBRI), Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Endocrine Regulatory Genomics, Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital and Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Microbiota derived factors as drivers of type 1 diabetes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:215-235. [PMID: 32475523 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by complex interactions between host genetics and environmental factors, culminating in the T-cell mediated destruction of the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. The rapid increase in disease frequency over the past 50 years or more has been too rapid to attribute to genetics. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is currently being widely investigated as a major contributor to environmental change driving increased T1D onset. In this chapter, we discuss the major changes in gut microbiota composition and function linked to T1D risk as well as the potential origin of these changes including infant diet, antibiotic use and host genetics. We examine the interaction between inflammation and gut barrier function and the dysbiotic gut microbiota that have been linked to T1D.
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39
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Lu J, Liu J, Li L, Lan Y, Liang Y. Cytokines in type 1 diabetes: mechanisms of action and immunotherapeutic targets. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1122. [PMID: 32185024 PMCID: PMC7074462 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play crucial roles in orchestrating complex multicellular interactions between pancreatic β cells and immune cells in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and are thus potential immunotherapeutic targets for this disorder. Cytokines that can induce regulatory functions-for example, IL-10, TGF-β and IL-33-are thought to restore immune tolerance and prevent β-cell damage. By contrast, cytokines such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and TNF, which promote the differentiation and function of diabetogenic immune cells, are thought to lead to T1D onset and progression. However, targeting these dysregulated cytokine networks does not always result in consistent effects because anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory functions of cytokines, responsible for β-cell destruction, are context dependent. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge on the involvement of well-known cytokines in both the initiation and destruction phases of T1D and discuss advances in recently discovered roles of cytokines. Additionally, we emphasise the complexity and implications of cytokine modulation therapy and discuss the ways in which this strategy has been translated into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Pharmacy Wuhan No.1 Hospital Wuhan China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Pharmacy Huangshi Center Hospital Huangshi China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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40
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Wang H, Lu CH, Ho PC. Metabolic adaptation orchestrates tissue context-dependent behavior in regulatory T cells. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:126-139. [PMID: 32147869 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The diverse distribution and functions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) ensure tissue and immune homeostasis; however, it remains unclear which factors can guide distribution, local differentiation, and tissue context-specific behavior in Tregs. Although the emerging concept that Tregs could re-adjust their transcriptome based on their habitations is supported by recent findings, the underlying mechanisms that reprogram transcriptome in Tregs are unknown. In the past decade, metabolic machineries have been revealed as a new regulatory circuit, known as immunometabolic regulation, to orchestrate activation, differentiation, and functions in a variety of immune cells, including Tregs. Given that systemic and local alterations of nutrient availability and metabolite profile associate with perturbation of Treg abundance and functions, it highlights that immunometabolic regulation may be one of the mechanisms that orchestrate tissue context-specific regulation in Tregs. The understanding on how metabolic program instructs Tregs in peripheral tissues not only represents a critical opportunity to delineate a new avenue in Treg biology but also provides a unique window to harness Treg-targeting approaches for treating cancer and autoimmunity with minimizing side effects. This review will highlight the metabolic features on guiding Treg formation and function in a disease-oriented perspective and aim to pave the foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Hao Lu
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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41
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Yang S, Cao C, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Analysis of potential hub genes involved in the pathogenesis of Chinese type 1 diabetic patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:295. [PMID: 32355739 PMCID: PMC7186604 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease strongly related to genetic factors. Although studies on T1D susceptibility genes have achieved great progress, the molecular mechanism of T1D remains to be explained. Methods To explore the underlying mechanisms of T1D, bioinformatic analysis based on a microarray database was used to determine the key biomarkers of T1D as well as their biofunctions and interactions. The microarray database GSE55100 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were processed by packages in R Software. The database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, version 6.8) was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and the module analysis was performed using Cytoscape. Results Seventy-eight DEGs and 13 hub genes were identified. The biofunctions and pathways of these DEGs were enriched in immune response, extracellular exosome, cytokine activity and antigen processing and presentation. Thirteen DEGs with MCODE score ≥2 were selected as hub genes including MMP9, ARG1, CAMP, CHI3L1, CRISP3, SLPI, LCN2, PGLYRP1, LTF, RETN, CEACAM1, CEACAM8 and MS4A3. Conclusions The identification and analyses of the DEGs and hub genes from database GSE55100 provide novel prospectives of the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Yang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chuqing Cao
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha 410011, China
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42
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The Critical Role of Bach2 in Shaping the Balance between CD4 + T Cell Subsets in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2609737. [PMID: 32082072 PMCID: PMC7012215 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2609737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 which is predominantly expressed in B and T lymphocytes represses the expression of genes by forming heterodimers with small Maf and Batf proteins and binding to the corresponding sequence on the DNA. In this way, Bach2 serves as a highly conserved repressor which controls the terminal differentiation and maturation of both B and T lymphocytes. It is required for class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes in activated B cells, and its function in B cell differentiation has been well-described. Furthermore, emerging data show that Bach2 regulates transcriptional activity in T cells at super enhancers or regions of high transcriptional activity, thus stabilizing immunoregulatory capacity and maintaining T cell homeostasis. Bach2 is also critical for the formation and function of CD4+ T cell lineages (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, T follicular helper (Tfh), and regulatory T (Treg) cells). Genetic variations within Bach2 locus are associated with numerous immune-mediated diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), chronic pancreatitis (CP), type 2 chronic airway inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes. Here, we reveal a critical role of Bach2 in regulating T cell biology and the correlation with these immune-mediated diseases.
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43
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Constantinou C, Spella M, Chondrou V, Patrinos GP, Papachatzopoulou A, Sgourou A. The multi-faceted functioning portrait of LRF/ZBTB7A. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:66. [PMID: 31823818 PMCID: PMC6905007 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) consisting of zinc fingers combined with BTB (for broad-complex, tram-track, and bric-a-brac) domain (ZBTB) are a highly conserved protein family that comprises a multifunctional and heterogeneous group of TFs, mainly modulating cell developmental events and cell fate. LRF/ZBTB7A, in particular, is reported to be implicated in a wide variety of physiological and cancer-related cell events. These physiological processes include regulation of erythrocyte maturation, B/T cell differentiation, adipogenesis, and thymic insulin expression affecting consequently insulin self-tolerance. In cancer, LRF/ZBTB7A has been reported to act either as oncogenic or as oncosuppressive factor by affecting specific cell processes (proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, metastasis, etc) in opposed ways, depending on cancer type and molecular interactions. The molecular mechanisms via which LRF/ZBTB7A is known to exert either physiological or cancer-related cellular effects include chromatin organization and remodeling, regulation of the Notch signaling axis, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus, epigenetic-dependent regulation of transcription, regulation of the expression and activity of NF-κB and p53, and regulation of aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect). It is a pleiotropic TF, and thus, alterations to its expression status become detrimental for cell survival. This review summarizes its implication in different cellular activities and the commonly invoked molecular mechanisms triggered by LRF/ZBTB7A’s orchestrated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Constantinou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Magda Spella
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.,Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Chondrou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.,Zayed Center of Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Argyro Sgourou
- Biology laboratory, School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.
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44
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Alriyami M, Marchand L, Li Q, Du X, Olivier M, Polychronakos C. Clonal copy-number mosaicism in autoreactive T lymphocytes in diabetic NOD mice. Genome Res 2019; 29:1951-1961. [PMID: 31694869 PMCID: PMC6886509 DOI: 10.1101/gr.247882.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Concordance for type 1 diabetes (T1D) is far from 100% in monozygotic twins and in inbred nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, despite genetic identity and shared environment during incidence peak years. This points to stochastic determinants, such as postzygotic mutations (PZMs) in the expanding antigen-specific autoreactive T cell lineages, by analogy to their role in the expanding tumor lineage in cancer. Using comparative genomic hybridization of DNA from pancreatic lymph-node memory CD4+ T cells of 25 diabetic NOD mice, we found lymphocyte-exclusive mosaic somatic copy-number aberrations (CNAs) with highly nonrandom independent involvement of the same gene(s) across different mice, some with an autoimmunity association (e.g., Ilf3 and Dgka). We confirmed genes of interest using the gold standard approach for CNA quantification, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), as an independent method. As controls, we examined lymphocytes expanded during normal host defense (17 NOD and BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major parasite). Here, CNAs found were fewer and significantly smaller compared to those in autoreactive cells (P = 0.0019). We determined a low T cell clonality for our samples suggesting a prethymic formation of these CNAs. In this study, we describe a novel, unexplored phenomenon of a potential causal contribution of PZMs in autoreactive T cells in T1D pathogenesis. We expect that exploration of point mutations and studies in human T cells will enable the further delineation of driver genes to target for functional studies. Our findings challenge the classical notions of autoimmunity and open conceptual avenues toward individualized prevention and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Alriyami
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Luc Marchand
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Quan Li
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Martin Olivier
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
| | - Constantin Polychronakos
- The Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, Child Health and Human Development Program and Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada
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45
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Cabello-Olmo M, Araña M, Radichev I, Smith P, Huarte E, Barajas M. New Insights into Immunotherapy Strategies for Treating Autoimmune Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194789. [PMID: 31561568 PMCID: PMC6801436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune illness that affects millions of patients worldwide. The main characteristic of this disease is the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells that occurs due to the aberrant activation of different immune effector cells. Currently, T1D is treated by lifelong administration of novel versions of insulin that have been developed recently; however, new approaches that could address the underlying mechanisms responsible for beta cell destruction have been extensively investigated. The strategies based on immunotherapies have recently been incorporated into a panel of existing treatments for T1D, in order to block T-cell responses against beta cell antigens that are very common during the onset and development of T1D. However, a complete preservation of beta cell mass as well as insulin independency is still elusive. As a result, there is no existing T1D targeted immunotherapy able to replace standard insulin administration. Presently, a number of novel therapy strategies are pursuing the goals of beta cell protection and normoglycemia. In the present review we explore the current state of immunotherapy in T1D by highlighting the most important studies in this field, and envision novel strategies that could be used to treat T1D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cabello-Olmo
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Araña
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Ilian Radichev
- Diabetes research group at Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
| | - Paul Smith
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA.
| | | | - Miguel Barajas
- Biochemistry Area, Health Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in genetically predisposed individuals, eventually resulting in severe insulin deficiency. It is the most common form of diabetes in children and adolescents. Genetic susceptibility plays a crucial role in development of T1DM. The human leukocyte antigen complex plays a key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies and linkage analysis have recently made a significant contribution to current knowledge relative to the impact of genetics on T1DM development and progression. This review focuses on current knowledge of genetics as a pathogenesis for T1DM. It also discusses mechanisms by which genes influence the risk of developing T1DM as well as the clinical and research applications of genetic risk scores in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea,Address for correspondence: Hae Sang Lee, MD, PhD Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cupro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea Tel: +82-31-219-5166 Fax: +82-31-219-5169 E-mail:
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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47
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Gioia L, Holt M, Costanzo A, Sharma S, Abe B, Kain L, Nakayama M, Wan X, Su A, Mathews C, Chen YG, Unanue E, Teyton L. Position β57 of I-A g7 controls early anti-insulin responses in NOD mice, linking an MHC susceptibility allele to type 1 diabetes onset. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaaw6329. [PMID: 31471352 PMCID: PMC6816460 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw6329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The class II region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus is the main contributor to the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The loss of an aspartic acid at position 57 of diabetogenic HLA-DQβ chains supports this association; this single amino acid change influences how TCRs recognize peptides in the context of HLA-DQ8 and I-Ag7 using a mechanism termed the P9 switch. Here, we built register-specific insulin peptide MHC tetramers to examine CD4+ T cell responses to Ins12-20 and Ins13-21 peptides during the early prediabetic phase of disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. A single-cell analysis of anti-insulin CD4+ T cells performed in 6- and 12-week-old NOD mice revealed tissue-specific gene expression signatures. TCR signaling and clonal expansion were found only in the islets of Langerhans and produced either classical TH1 differentiation or an unusual Treg phenotype, independent of TCR usage. The early phase of the anti-insulin response was dominated by T cells specific for Ins12-20, the register that supports a P9 switch mode of recognition. The presence of the P9 switch was demonstrated by TCR sequencing, reexpression, mutagenesis, and functional testing of TCRαβ pairs in vitro. Genetic correction of the I-Aβ57 mutation in NOD mice resulted in the disappearance of D/E residues in the CDR3β of anti-Ins12-20 T cells. These results provide a mechanistic molecular explanation that links the characteristic MHC class II polymorphism of T1D with the recognition of islet autoantigens and disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gioia
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marie Holt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anne Costanzo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Siddhartha Sharma
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Brian Abe
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lisa Kain
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Wan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew Su
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Clayton Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emil Unanue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Aydemir Ö, Noble JA, Bailey JA, Lernmark Å, Marsh P, Andersson Svärd A, Bearoff F, Blankenhorn EP, Mordes JP. Genetic Variation Within the HLA-DRA1 Gene Modulates Susceptibility to Type 1 Diabetes in HLA-DR3 Homozygotes. Diabetes 2019; 68:1523-1527. [PMID: 30962219 PMCID: PMC6609989 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves the interaction of multiple gene variants, environmental factors, and immunoregulatory dysfunction. Major T1D genetic risk loci encode HLA-DR and -DQ. Genetic heterogeneity and linkage disequilibrium in the highly polymorphic HLA region confound attempts to identify additional T1D susceptibility loci. To minimize HLA heterogeneity, T1D patients (N = 365) and control subjects (N = 668) homozygous for the HLA-DR3 high-risk haplotype were selected from multiple large T1D studies and examined to identify new T1D susceptibility loci using molecular inversion probe sequencing technology. We report that risk for T1D in HLA-DR3 homozygotes is increased significantly by a previously unreported haplotype of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the first intron of HLA-DRA1. The homozygous risk haplotype has an odds ratio of 4.65 relative to the protective homozygous haplotype in our sample. Individually, these SNPs reportedly function as "expression quantitative trait loci," modulating HLA-DR and -DQ expression. From our analysis of available data, we conclude that the tri-SNP haplotype within HLA-DRA1 may modulate class II expression, suggesting that increased T1D risk could be attributable to regulated expression of class II genes. These findings could help clarify the role of HLA in T1D susceptibility and improve diabetes risk assessment, particularly in high-risk HLA-DR3 homozygous individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özkan Aydemir
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Bailey
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Patrick Marsh
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Agnes Andersson Svärd
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frank Bearoff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Elizabeth P Blankenhorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John P Mordes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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49
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Arneth B, Arneth R, Shams M. Metabolomics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102467. [PMID: 31109071 PMCID: PMC6566263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic diseases that affect nearly 425 million people worldwide, leading to poor health outcomes and high health care costs. High-throughput metabolomics screening can provide vital insight into the pathophysiological pathways of DM and help in managing its effects. The primary aim of this study was to contribute to the understanding and management of DM by providing reliable evidence of the relationships between metabolites and type 1 diabetes (T1D) and metabolites and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Information for the study was obtained from the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases, and leads to additional articles that were obtained from the reference lists of the studies examined. The results from the selected studies were used to assess the relationships between diabetes (T1D and/or T2D) and metabolite markers—such as glutamine, glycine, and aromatic amino acids—in patients. Seventy studies were selected from the three databases and from the reference lists in the records retrieved. All studies explored associations between various metabolites and T1D or T2D. This review identified several plasma metabolites associated with T2D prediabetes and/or T1D and/or T2D in humans. The evidence shows that metabolites such as glucose, fructose, amino acids, and lipids are typically altered in individuals with T1D and T2D. These metabolites exhibit significant predictive associations with T2D prediabetes, T1D, and/or T2D. The current review suggests that changes in plasma metabolites can be identified by metabolomic techniques and used to identify and analyze T1D and T2D biomarkers. The results of the metabolomic studies can be used to help create effective interventions for managing these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg (UKGM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Rebekka Arneth
- Clinics for Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University. Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Shams
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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50
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Krupa-Kozak U, Lange E. The Gluten-Free Diet and Glycaemic Index in the Management of Coeliac Disease Associated with Type 1 Diabetes. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1584902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Krupa-Kozak
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Lange
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
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