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Kim SH, Kim KA, Chu SH, Kim H, Joo DJ, Lee JG, Choi J. Self-Management Using eHealth Technologies for Liver Transplant Recipients: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e56664. [PMID: 38963937 DOI: 10.2196/56664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation has become increasingly common as a last-resort treatment for end-stage liver diseases and liver cancer, with continually improving success rates and long-term survival rates. Nevertheless, liver transplant recipients face lifelong challenges in self-management, including immunosuppressant therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and navigating complex health care systems. eHealth technologies hold the potential to aid and optimize self-management outcomes, but their adoption has been slow in this population due to the complexity of post-liver transplant management. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the use of eHealth technologies in supporting self-management for liver transplant recipients and identify their benefits and challenges to suggest areas for further research. METHODS Following the Arksey and O'Malley methodology for scoping reviews, we conducted a systematic search of 5 electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. We included studies that (1) examined or implemented eHealth-based self-management, (2) included liver transplant recipients aged ≥18 years, and (3) were published in a peer-reviewed journal. We excluded studies that (1) were case reports, conference abstracts, editorials, or letters; (2) did not focus on the posttransplantation phase; (3) did not focus on self-management; and (4) did not incorporate the concept of eHealth or used technology solely for data collection. The quality of the selected eHealth interventions was evaluated using (1) the Template for Intervention Description and Replication guidelines and checklist and (2) the 5 core self-management skills identified by Lorig and Holman. RESULTS Of 1461 articles, 15 (1.03%) studies were included in the final analysis. Our findings indicate that eHealth-based self-management strategies for adult liver transplant recipients primarily address lifestyle management, medication adherence, and remote monitoring, highlighting a notable gap in alcohol relapse interventions. The studies used diverse technologies, including mobile apps, videoconferencing, and telehealth platforms, but showed limited integration of decision-making or resource use skills essential for comprehensive self-management. The reviewed studies highlighted the potential of eHealth in enhancing individualized health care, but only a few included collaborative features such as 2-way communication or tailored goal setting. While adherence and feasibility were generally high in many interventions, their effectiveness varied due to diverse methodologies and outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review maps the current literature on eHealth-based self-management support for liver transplant recipients, assessing its potential and challenges. Future studies should focus on developing predictive models and personalized eHealth interventions rooted in patient-generated data, incorporating digital human-to-human interactions to effectively address the complex needs of liver transplant recipients. This review emphasizes the need for future eHealth self-management research to address the digital divide, especially with the aging liver transplant recipient population, and ensure more inclusive studies across diverse ethnicities and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Kim
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kyoung-A Kim
- College of Nursing, Suwon Women's University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hui Chu
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, United States
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JiYeon Choi
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Institute for Innovation in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Cesaretti M, Izzo A, Pellegrino RA, Galli A, Mavrothalassitis O. Cold ischemia time in liver transplantation: An overview. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:883-890. [PMID: 38948435 PMCID: PMC11212655 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i6.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The standard approach to organ preservation in liver transplantation is by static cold storage and the time between the cross-clamping of a graft in a donor and its reperfusion in the recipient is defined as cold ischemia time (CIT). This simple definition reveals a multifactorial time frame that depends on donor hepatectomy time, transit time, and recipient surgery time, and is one of the most important donor-related risk factors which may influence the graft and recipient's survival. Recently, the growing demand for the use of marginal liver grafts has prompted scientific exploration to analyze ischemia time factors and develop different organ preservation strategies. This review details the CIT definition and analyzes its different factors. It also explores the most recent strategies developed to implement each timestamp of CIT and to protect the graft from ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cesaretti
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari 09122, Italy
- Department of Nanophysic, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplantation, Brotzu Hospital, Cagliari 09122, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Galli
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24100, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Orestes Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
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3
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Akabane M, Imaoka Y, Esquivel CO, Kim WR, Sasaki K. The suggestion of mitigating disparity in the liver transplantation field among ABO blood type. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00373-3. [PMID: 38866110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Medical literature highlights differences in liver transplantation (LT) waitlist experiences among ABO blood types. Type AB candidates reportedly have higher LT rates and reduced mortality. Despite liver offering guidelines, ABO disparities persist. This study examines LT access discrepancies among blood types, focusing on type AB, and seeks equitable strategies. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database (2003-2022), 170 276 waitlist candidates were retrospectively analyzed. Dual predictive analyses (LT opportunity and survival studies) evaluated 1-year recipient pool survival, considering waitlist and post-LT survival, alongside anticipated allocation value per recipient, under 6 scenarios. Of the cohort, 97 670 patients (57.2%) underwent LT. Type AB recipients had the highest LT rate (73.7% vs 55.2% for O), shortest median waiting time (90 vs 198 days for A), and lowest waitlist mortality (12.9% vs 23.9% for O), with the lowest median model for end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na) score (20 vs 25 for A/O). The LT opportunity study revealed that reallocating type A (or A and O) donors originally for AB recipients to A recipients yielded the greatest reduction in disparities in anticipated value per recipient, from 0.19 (before modification) to 0.08. Meanwhile, the survival study showed that ABO-identical LTs reduced disparity the most (3.5% to 2.8%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings were specific to the MELD-Na score < 30 population, indicating current LT allocation may favor certain blood types. Prioritizing ABO-identical LTs for MELD-Na score < 30 recipients could ensure uniform survival outcomes and mitigate disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Akabane
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yuki Imaoka
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Carlos O Esquivel
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - W Ray Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kazunari Sasaki
- Division of Abdominal Transplant, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA.
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4
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Imam MT, Almalki ZS, Alzahrani AR, Al-Ghamdi SS, Falemban AH, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Muhammad Alrooqi M, Jabeen Q, Shahid I. COVID-19 and severity of liver diseases: Possible crosstalk and clinical implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110439. [PMID: 37315370 PMCID: PMC10247890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-infected individuals and those who recovered from the infection have been demonstrated to have elevated liver enzymes or abnormal liver biochemistries, particularly with preexisting liver diseases, liver metabolic disorders, viral hepatitis, and other hepatic comorbidities. However, possible crosstalk and intricate interplay between COVID-19 and liver disease severity are still elusive, and the available data are murky and confined. Similarly, the syndemic of other blood-borne infectious diseases, chemical-induced liver injuries, and chronic hepatic diseases continued to take lives while showing signs of worsening due to the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, the pandemic is not over yet and is transitioning to becoming an epidemic in recent years; hence, monitoring liver function tests (LFTs) and assessing hepatic consequences of COVID-19 in patients with or without liver illnesses would be of paramount interest. This pragmatic review explores the correlations between COVID-19 and liver disease severity based on abnormal liver biochemistries and other possible mechanisms in individuals of all ages from the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic to the post-pandemic period. The review also alludes to clinical perspectives of such interactions to curb overlapping hepatic diseases in people who recovered from the infection or living with long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Imam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad S Almalki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa H Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Qaisar Jabeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Circulating miR-122-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-18a-5p as Potential Biomarkers in Human Liver Transplantation Follow-Up. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043457. [PMID: 36834868 PMCID: PMC9962619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The requirement of blood-circulating sensitive biomarkers for monitoring liver transplant (LT) is currently a necessary step aiming at the reduction of standard invasive protocols, such as liver biopsy. In this respect, the main objective of this study is to assess circulating microRNA (c-miR) changes in recipients' blood before and after LT and to correlate their blood levels with gold standard biomarkers and with outcomes such as rejection or complications after graft. An miR profile was initially performed; then, the most deregulated miRs were validated by RT-qPCR in 14 recipients pre- and post-LT and compared to a control group of 24 nontransplanted healthy subjects. MiR-122-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-18a-5p, and miR-30c-5p, identified in the validation phase, were also analyzed considering an additional 19 serum samples collected from LT recipients and focusing on different follow-up (FU) times. The results showed significant, FU-related changes in c-miRs. In particular, miR-122-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-18a-5p revealed the same trend after transplantation and an increase in their level was found in patients with complications, independently from FU times. Conversely, the variations in the standard haemato-biochemical parameters for liver function assessment were not significant in the same FU period, confirming the importance of c-miRs as potential noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring patients' outcomes.
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6
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Kotb MA, Fawaz LA, Zeitoun RA, Shaalan YM, Aly N, Abd El Kader H, El Tagy G, Esmat H, Hamza AF, Abd El Baky H. Bone demineralization in a cohort of Egyptian pediatric liver transplant recipients: Single center pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31156. [PMID: 36397404 PMCID: PMC10662835 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment of end-stage liver disease. The long-term survival following LT spurred more interest in improving the quality of life of patients. This was a cohort study that included 23 pediatric liver transplant recipients who underwent LT due to hereditary or metabolic liver diseases. Bone health assessment was performed at their last follow up clinically (anthropometric measures), biochemically and radiologically (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry [DEXA] scans). Poor bone health was defined as z-score <-1. Mean age at LT was 5.77 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.64) and 43% were males. Biliary atresia was the most common cause of end stage liver disease (35%). Mean age at follow up was 14 years (SD 5.48) and mean follow up was 8 years (SD 4.12 years). Eleven patients (48%) had poor bone health (osteopenia 22% and osteoporosis 26%). On univariate analysis, being on steroids at last follow up (odds ratio [OR] 13.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-140.67, P = .03), weight at last follow up (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99, P = .04), platelets at last follow up (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-s0.99, P = .02), hemoglobin at last follow up (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.89, P = .03) were significantly associated with poor bone health. None of the variables were significant on multivariate analysis. At most recent follow up, 48% of patients demonstrated poor bone health by DEXA scans. More studies are required to evaluate predictors of poor bone health after LT in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magd A. Kotb
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lubna A. Fawaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Nazira Aly
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal El Tagy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haytham Esmat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa F. Hamza
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Nishio T, Ito T, Hata K, Taura K, Hatano E. Current status of liver transplantation for non-B non-C liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2022; 7:42-52. [PMID: 36643372 PMCID: PMC9831911 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, non-B non-C chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have markedly increased worldwide. Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as decompensated liver cirrhosis. In Japan, where the source of liver grafts is strongly dependent on living donors, efforts have been made to unify the indications for eligibility of HCC patients for LT, leading to the development of 5-5-500 criteria. Along with the expansion of eligibility for LT, the current changing trends in underlying liver diseases of LT recipients, which are related to the rising tide of non-B non-C cirrhosis and HCC, are highlighting the importance of peri-transplant management of patients with various comorbidities. The post-LT prognosis of patients with ALD is significantly affected by de novo malignancies and metabolic syndrome-related complications as well as posttransplant alcohol relapse. NAFLD/NASH patients often suffer from obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic syndrome-related disorders, and nonneoplastic factors such as cardiovascular events and recurrence of NAFLD/NASH have a significant impact on post-LT outcomes. Patient management in the peri-transplant period as well as risk assessment for LT are key to improving post-LT outcomes in the era of a growing number of cases of LT for non-B non-C liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nishio
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Koichiro Hata
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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8
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Jackson WE, Malamon JS, Kaplan B, Saben JL, Schold JD, Pomposelli JJ, Pomfret EA. Survival Benefit of Living-Donor Liver Transplant. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:926-932. [PMID: 35921119 PMCID: PMC9350845 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.3327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Importance Despite the acceptance of living-donor liver transplant (LDLT) as a lifesaving procedure for end-stage liver disease, it remains underused in the United States. Quantification of lifetime survival benefit and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease incorporating sodium levels (MELD-Na) score range at which benefit outweighs risk in LDLT is necessary to demonstrate its safety and effectiveness. Objective To assess the survival benefit, life-years saved, and the MELD-Na score at which that survival benefit was obtained for individuals who received an LDLT compared with that for individuals who remained on the wait list. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study was a retrospective, secondary analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database of 119 275 US liver transplant candidates and recipients from January 1, 2012, to September 2, 2021. Liver transplant candidates aged 18 years or older who were assigned to the wait list (N = 116 455) or received LDLT (N = 2820) were included. Patients listed for retransplant or multiorgan transplant and those with prior kidney or liver transplants were excluded. Exposures Living-donor liver transplant vs remaining on the wait list. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of this study was life-years saved from receiving an LDLT. Secondary outcomes included 1-year relative mortality and risk, time to equal risk, time to equal survival, and the MELD-Na score at which that survival benefit was obtained for individuals who received an LDLT compared with that for individuals who remained on the wait list. MELD-Na score ranges from 6 to 40 and is well correlated with short-term survival. Higher MELD-Na scores (>20) are associated with an increased risk of death. Results The mean (SD) age of the 119 275 study participants was 55.1 (11.2) years, 63% were male, 0.9% were American Indian or Alaska Native, 4.3% were Asian, 8.2% were Black or African American, 15.8% were Hispanic or Latino, 0.2% were Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 70.2% were White. Mortality risk and survival models confirmed a significant survival benefit for patients receiving an LDLT who had a MELD-Na score of 11 or higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.47-0.88]; P = .006). Living-donor liver transplant recipients gained an additional 13 to 17 life-years compared with patients who never received an LDLT. Conclusions and Relevance An LDLT is associated with a substantial survival benefit to patients with end-stage liver disease even at MELD-Na scores as low as 11. The findings of this study suggest that the life-years gained are comparable to or greater than those conferred by any other lifesaving procedure or by a deceased-donor liver transplant. This study's findings challenge current perceptions regarding when LDLT survival benefit occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney E Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - John S Malamon
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Bruce Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jessica L Saben
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jesse D Schold
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James J Pomposelli
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Elizabeth A Pomfret
- Colorado Center for Transplantation Care, Research, and Education, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora.,Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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9
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Singh N, Watt KD, Bhanji RA. The fundamentals of sex-based disparity in liver transplantation: Understanding can lead to change. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:1367-1375. [PMID: 35289056 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the definitive treatment for end-stage liver disease. Unfortunately, women are disadvantaged at every stage of the LT process. We conducted a literature review to increase the understanding of this disparity. Hormonal differences, psychological factors, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score inequalities are some pretransplantation factors that contribute to this disparity. In the posttransplantation setting, women have differing risk than men in most major outcomes (perioperative complications, rejection, long-term renal dysfunction, and malignancy) and assessing the two groups together is disadvantageous. Herein, we propose interventions including standardized criteria for LT referral, using an alternate MELD, education for support of women, and motivating women to seek living donors. Understanding sex-based differences will allow us to improve access, tailor management, and improve overall outcomes for all patients, particularly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rahima A Bhanji
- Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Gitto S, Golfieri L, Mannelli N, Tamè MR, Lopez I, Ceccato R, Montanari S, Falcini M, Vitale G, De Maria N, Presti DL, Marzi L, Mega A, Valente G, Borghi A, Foschi FG, Grandi S, Forte P, Cescon M, Di Benedetto F, Andreone P, Arcangeli G, De Simone P, Bonacchi A, Sofi F, Morelli MC, Petranelli M, Lau C, Marra F, Chiesi F, Vizzutti F, Vero V, Di Donato R, Berardi S, Pianta P, D’Anzi S, Schepis F, Gualandi N, Miceli F, Villa E, Piai G, Valente M, Campani C, Lynch E, Magistri P, Cursaro C, Chiarelli A, Carrai P, Petruccelli S, Dinu M, Pagliai G. Quality of life in liver transplant recipients during the Corona virus disease 19 pandemic: A multicentre study. Liver Int 2022; 42:1618-1628. [PMID: 38009600 PMCID: PMC9115213 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplant recipients require specific clinical and psychosocial attention given their frailty. Main aim of the study was to assess the quality of life after liver transplant during the current pandemic. METHODS This multicentre study was conducted in clinically stable, liver transplanted patients. Enrollment opened in June and finished in September 2021. Patients completed a survey including lifestyle data, quality of life (Short Form health survey), sport, employment, diet. To examine the correlations, we calculated Pearson coefficients while to compare subgroups, independent samples t-tests and ANOVAs. To detect the predictors of impaired quality of life, we used multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We analysed data from 511 patients observing significant associations between quality of life's physical score and both age and adherence to Mediterranean diet (p < .01). A significant negative correlation was observed between mental score and the sedentary activity (p < .05). Female patients scored significantly lower than males in physical and mental score. At multivariate analysis, females were 1.65 times more likely to report impaired physical score than males. Occupation and physical activity presented significant positive relation with quality of life. Adherence to Mediterranean diet was another relevant predictor. Regarding mental score, female patients were 1.78 times more likely to show impaired mental score in comparison with males. Sedentary activity and adherence to Mediterranean diet were further noteworthy predictors. CONCLUSIONS Females and subjects with sedentary lifestyle or work inactive seem to show the worst quality of life and both physical activity and Mediterranean diet might be helpful to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gitto
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Lucia Golfieri
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, Dipartimento Medico chirurgico delle malattie digestive, epatiche ed endocrino‐metabolicheIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Nicolò Mannelli
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Maria Rosa Tamè
- Gastroenterology Division, Dipartimento Medico chirurgico delle malattie digestive, epatiche ed endocrino‐metabolicheIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Ivo Lopez
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Roberta Ceccato
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Stanislao Montanari
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Margherita Falcini
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, Dipartimento Medico chirurgico delle malattie digestive, epatiche ed endocrino‐metabolicheIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Nicola De Maria
- Department of GastroenterologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Modena and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Danilo Lo Presti
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, Dipartimento Medico chirurgico delle malattie digestive, epatiche ed endocrino‐metabolicheIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Marzi
- Division of GastroenterologyBolzano Regional HospitalBolzanoItaly
| | - Andrea Mega
- Division of GastroenterologyBolzano Regional HospitalBolzanoItaly
| | - Giovanna Valente
- Liver Unit for Transplant Management – SATTE, Department of Medical SciencesAORN Sant’Anna e San SebastianoCasertaItaly
| | | | | | - Silvana Grandi
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of PsychologyUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Paolo Forte
- Gastroenterology UnitUniversity Hospital CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Matteo Cescon
- General Surgery and Transplant UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation UnitUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Internal and Metabolic MedicineAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Modena and University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Giulio Arcangeli
- Occupational Health Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceItaly
| | - Paolo De Simone
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver TransplantationUniversity of Pisa Medical School HospitalPisaItaly
| | - Andrea Bonacchi
- Centro Studi e Ricerca SynthesisAssociazione sul sentiero APSFlorenceItaly
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Morelli
- Internal Medicine Unit for the Treatment of Severe Organ Failure, Dipartimento Medico chirurgico delle malattie digestive, epatiche ed endocrino‐metabolicheIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant’OrsolaBolognaItaly
| | - Marco Petranelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical MedicineUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Chloe Lau
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Fabio Marra
- Internal Medicine and Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Hospital CareggiUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
| | - Francesca Chiesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug, and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of PsychologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly
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11
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Shimozawa K, Contreras-Ruiz L, Sousa S, Zhang R, Bhatia U, Crisalli KC, Brennan LL, Turka LA, Markmann JF, Guinan EC. Ex vivo generation of regulatory T cells from liver transplant recipients using costimulation blockade. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:504-518. [PMID: 34528383 PMCID: PMC9078620 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The potential of adoptive cell therapy with regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote transplant tolerance is under active exploration. However, the impact of specific transplant settings and protocols on Treg manufacturing is not well-delineated. Here, we compared the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients before or after liver transplantation to the use of healthy control PBMCs to determine their suitability for Treg manufacture using ex vivo costimulatory blockade with belatacept. Despite liver failure or immunosuppressive therapy, the capacity for Treg expansion during the manufacturing process was preserved. These experiments did not identify performance or quality issues that disqualified the use of posttransplant PBMCs-the currently favored protocol design. However, as Treg input correlated with output, significant CD4-lymphopenia in both pre- and posttransplant patients limited Treg yield. We therefore turned to leukapheresis posttransplant to improve absolute yield. To make deceased donor use feasible, we also developed protocols to substitute splenocytes for PBMCs as allostimulators. In addition to demonstrating that this Treg expansion strategy works in a liver transplant context, this preclinical study illustrates how characterizing cellular input populations and their performance can both inform and respond to clinical trial design and Treg manufacturing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyoshi Shimozawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Nihon University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sofia Sousa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Ruan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Urvashi Bhatia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kerry C Crisalli
- Department of Surgery and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Lisa L. Brennan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Laurence A. Turka
- Department of Surgery and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA
| | - James F. Markmann
- Department of Surgery and Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Eva C. Guinan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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12
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Iacob S, Beckebaum S, Iacob R, Gheorghe C, Cicinnati V, Popescu I, Gheorghe L. Genetic and Life Style Risk Factors for Recurrent Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Following Liver Transplantation. Front Nutr 2022; 8:787430. [PMID: 35096933 PMCID: PMC8795078 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.787430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent or de novo non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) following liver transplantation (LT) is a frequent event being increasingly recognized over the last decade, but the influence of recurrent NASH on graft and patient outcomes is not yet established. Taking into consideration the long term survival of liver transplanted patients and long term complications with associated morbidity and mortality, it is important to define and minimize risk factors for recurrent NAFLD/NASH. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus are life style risk factors that can be potentially modified by various interventions and thus, decrease the risk of recurrent NAFLD/NASH. On the other hand, genetic factors like recipient and/or donor PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7 or ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms proved to be risk factors for recurrent NASH. Personalized interventions to influence the different metabolic disorders occurring after LT in order to minimize the risks, as well as genetic screening of donors and recipients should be performed pre-LT in order to achieve diagnosis and treatment as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranta Iacob
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Speranta Iacob
| | | | - Razvan Iacob
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Gheorghe
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Irinel Popescu
- Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liana Gheorghe
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Center for Digestive Diseases and Liver Transplant, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Safinia N, Vaikunthanathan T, Lechler RI, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lombardi G. Advances in Liver Transplantation: where are we in the pursuit of transplantation tolerance? Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2373-2386. [PMID: 34375446 PMCID: PMC10015994 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment option for end-stage liver disease. Breakthroughs in surgical practice and immunosuppression have seen considerable advancements in survival after transplantation. However, the intricate management of immunosuppressive regimens, balancing desired immunological quiescence while minimizing toxicity has proven challenging. Diminishing improvements in long-term morbidity and mortality have been inextricably linked with the protracted use of these medications. As such, there is now enormous interest to devise protocols that will allow us to minimize or completely withdraw immunosuppressants after transplantation. Immunosuppression withdrawal trials have proved the reality of tolerance following liver transplantation, however, without intervention will only occur after several years at the risk of potential cumulative immunosuppression-related morbidity. Focus has now been directed at accelerating this phenomenon through tolerance-inducing strategies. In this regard, efforts have seen the use of regulatory cell immunotherapy. Here we focus particularly on regulatory T cells, discussing preclinical data that propagated several clinical trials of adoptive cell therapy in liver transplantation. Furthermore, we describe efforts to further optimize the specificity and survival of regulatory cell therapy guided by concurrent immunomonitoring studies and the development of novel technologies including chimeric antigen receptors and co-administration of low-dose IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Safinia
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Ian Lechler
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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Cristin DJ, Forman LM, Jackson WE. Beyond Survival: Targeting Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes After Liver Transplantation. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021; 17:359-364. [PMID: 34136142 PMCID: PMC8177828 DOI: 10.1002/cld.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Cristin
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraCO
| | - Lisa M. Forman
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraCO
| | - Whitney E. Jackson
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CenterAuroraCO
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15
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Tsien C, Tan H, Sharma S, Palaniyappan N, Wijayasiri P, Leung K, Hayre J, Mowlem E, Kang R, Eddowes PJ, Wilkes E, Venkatachalapathy SV, Guha IN, Antonova L, Cheung AC, Griffiths WJ, Butler AJ, Ryder SD, James MW, Aithal GP, Aravinthan AD. Long-term outcomes of liver transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres: Care closer to home. Clin Med (Lond) 2021; 21:e32-e38. [PMID: 33479081 DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2020-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing rates of liver transplantation and improved outcomes have led to greater numbers of transplant recipients followed up in non-transplant centres. Our aim was to document long-term clinical outcomes of liver transplant recipients managed in this 'hub-and-spoke' healthcare model. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all adult patients who underwent liver transplantation between 1987 and 2016, with post-transplant follow-up in two non-transplant centres in the UK (Nottingham) and Canada (Ottawa), was performed. RESULTS The 1-, 5-, 10- and 20-year patient survival rates were 98%, 95%, 87% and 62%, and 100%, 96%, 88% and 62% in the Nottingham and Ottawa groups, respectively (p=0.87). There were no significant differences between the two centres in 1-, 5-, 10- and 20-year cumulative incidence of death-censored graft-survival (p=0.10), end-stage renal disease (p=0.29) or de novo cancer (p=0.22). Nottingham had a lower incidence of major cardiovascular events (p=0.008). CONCLUSION Adopting a new model of healthcare provides a means of delivering post-transplant patient care close to home without compromising patient survival and long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Tsien
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Huey Tan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Naaventhan Palaniyappan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Pramudi Wijayasiri
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter J Eddowes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emilie Wilkes
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Suresh V Venkatachalapathy
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Indra N Guha
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Angela C Cheung
- The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen D Ryder
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin W James
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Aloysious D Aravinthan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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VanWagner LB, Gordon E, Adamski L, Kosirog M, Daud A, Finn DJ, Lloyd-Jones DM, Holl JL. Liver Transplant Recipient, Caregiver, and Provider Perceptions of Cardiovascular Disease and Related Risk Factors After Transplant. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:668-683. [PMID: 33314702 PMCID: PMC8822904 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to characterize LTR, informal caregiver, and health care provider perceptions about CVD care after liver transplantation (LT) to inform the design of solutions to improve care. Participants included adult LTRs, their caregivers, and multispecialty health care providers recruited from an urban tertiary care network who participated in 90-minute focus groups and completed a brief survey. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 17 LTRs, 9 caregivers, and 22 providers participated in 7 separate focus groups. Most (93.3%) LTRs and caregivers were unaware of the risk of CVD after LT. Although 54.5% of providers were confident discussing CVD risk factors with LTRs, only 36.3% were confident managing CVD risk factors in LTRs, and only 13.6% felt that CVD risk factors in their LTR patients were well controlled. Barriers to CVD care for LTRs included (1) lack of awareness of CVD risk after LT, (2) lack of confidence in an ability to provide proper CVD care to LTRs, (3) reluctance to provide CVD care without transplant provider review, and (4) complexity of communication with the multidisciplinary LTR care team about CVD care. Participant recommendations included improved education for LTRs and caregivers about CVD risk factors, electronic health record alerts for providers, clearly defined CVD care provider roles, increased use of the transplant pharmacist, and multidisciplinary provider meetings to discuss care plans for LTRs. Multiple barriers to CVD care after LT were identified, and targeted recommendations were proposed by participants. Transplant centers should integrate participants' recommendations when designing interventions to optimize CVD care for LTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Elisa Gordon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Lindsay Adamski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Megan Kosirog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amna Daud
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel J. Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation and Department of Neurology, Biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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17
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Marjot T, Webb GJ, Barritt AS, Moon AM, Stamataki Z, Wong VW, Barnes E. COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:348-364. [PMID: 33692570 PMCID: PMC7945972 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the hepatic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved rapidly since the onset of the pandemic. In this Review, we discuss the hepatotropism of SARS-CoV-2, including the differential expression of viral receptors on liver cell types, and we describe the liver histology features present in patients with COVID-19. We also provide an overview of the pattern and relevance of abnormal liver biochemistry during COVID-19 and present the possible underlying direct and indirect mechanisms for liver injury. Furthermore, large international cohorts have been able to characterize the disease course of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis have particularly high rates of hepatic decompensation and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection and we outline hypotheses to explain these findings, including the possible role of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. This finding contrasts with outcome data in pharmacologically immunosuppressed patients after liver transplantation who seem to have comparatively better outcomes from COVID-19 than those with advanced liver disease. Finally, we discuss the approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation and predict how changes in social behaviours and clinical care pathways during the pandemic might lead to increased liver disease incidence and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Marjot
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gwilym J Webb
- Cambridge Liver Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfred S Barritt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew M Moon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zania Stamataki
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent W Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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18
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Bhat M, Usmani SE, Azhie A, Woo M. Metabolic Consequences of Solid Organ Transplantation. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:171-197. [PMID: 33247713 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic complications affect over 50% of solid organ transplant recipients. These include posttransplant diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Preexisting metabolic disease is further exacerbated with immunosuppression and posttransplant weight gain. Patients transition from a state of cachexia induced by end-organ disease to a pro-anabolic state after transplant due to weight gain, sedentary lifestyle, and suboptimal dietary habits in the setting of immunosuppression. Specific immunosuppressants have different metabolic effects, although all the foundation/maintenance immunosuppressants (calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors) increase the risk of metabolic disease. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the emerging knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of these different metabolic complications, and the potential genetic contribution (recipient +/- donor) to these conditions. These metabolic complications impact both graft and patient survival, particularly increasing the risk of cardiovascular and cancer-associated mortality. The current evidence for prevention and therapeutic management of posttransplant metabolic conditions is provided while highlighting gaps for future avenues in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- Multi Organ Transplant program and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Health Network, Ontario M5G 2N2, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirine E Usmani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Ontario, and Sinai Health System, Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Azhie
- Multi Organ Transplant program and Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Health Network, Ontario M5G 2N2, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Ontario, and Sinai Health System, Ontario, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Zhou GP, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ. The concept of "domino" in liver and hepatocyte transplantation. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820968755. [PMID: 33149765 PMCID: PMC7586492 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820968755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although orthotopic liver transplantation remains the only proven treatment for end-stage liver disease and inherited metabolic liver disease, its application has been limited by the scarcity of donor organs available for transplantation. Among feasible approaches developed to expand the donor organ pool, domino liver transplantation is a strategy in which explanted genetically defective livers of liver transplant recipients are used as grafts in other patients. Another promising therapeutic strategy is hepatocyte transplantation, an alternative to liver transplantation for certain groups of patients. However, the availability of primary hepatocytes is also hindered by the shortage of donor liver tissues. Against this background, domino hepatocyte transplantation, a strategy that utilizes the hepatocytes derived from the explanted livers of liver transplant recipients with noncirrhotic inherited metabolic liver diseases as the source of primary hepatocytes, may help increase the supply of liver cells available for transplantation. In this review, we focus on the status quo of domino liver transplantation and domino hepatocyte transplantation. We also describe recent innovative transplant strategies based on domino transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Peng Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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20
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Body Weight Parameters are Related to Morbidity and Mortality After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Transplantation 2020; 103:2287-2303. [PMID: 31283679 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain and obesity are well-known clinical issues in liver transplantation (LTx). However, their impacts on patient outcomes remain unclear, as only the impact of pre-LTx body mass index (BMI) on survival has been meta-analyzed. We summarized and synthesized the evidence on pre- and post-LTx body weight parameters' relations with post-LTx outcomes such as survival, metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, and healthcare utilization. METHODS We followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions' recommendations. Quality was assessed via a 19-item instrument. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for outcomes investigated in ≥5 studies. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included 37 studies. Patients with pre-LTx BMI ≥ 30 kg/m and BMI ≥ 35 kg/m had lower overall survival rates than those with pre-LTx normal weight (72.6% and 69.8% versus 84.2%; P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Those with pre-LTx BMI ≥ 30 kg/m had worse overall graft survival than normal weight patients (75.8% and 85.4%; P = 0.003). Pre-LTx BMI and pre-LTx overweight were associated with new-onset diabetes (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively), but post-LTx BMI showed no relationship. No associations were evident with healthcare utilization. CONCLUSIONS Patients with BMI values ≥30 kg/m had worse patient and graft survival than those with normal weight. Few of the reviewed studies examined post-LTx body weight parameters or other relevant outcomes such as cardiovascular comorbidities. High heterogeneity as well as diverse definitions and operationalizations of measurement and outcomes severely impeded comparability.
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21
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VanWagner LB, Holl JL, Montag S, Gregory D, Connolly S, Kosirog M, Campbell P, Pine S, Daud A, Finn D, Ladner D, Skaro AI, Levitsky J, Lloyd-Jones DM. Blood pressure control according to clinical practice guidelines is associated with decreased mortality and cardiovascular events among liver transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:797-807. [PMID: 31730286 PMCID: PMC7042060 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Data for liver transplant recipients (LTRs) regarding the benefit of care concordant with clinical practice guidelines for management of blood pressure (BP) are sparse. This paper reports on clinician adherence with BP clinical practice guideline recommendations and whether BP control is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events (CVEs) among LTRs. We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of adult LTRs who survived to hospital discharge at a large tertiary care network between 2010 and 2016. The primary exposure was a BP of <140/<90 mm Hg within year 1 of LT. Among 602 LTRs (mean age 56.7 years, 64% men), 92% had hypertension and 38% had new onset hypertension. Less than 30% of LTRs achieved a BP of <140/<90 mm Hg over a mean of 43.2 months. In multivariable models, adjusted for key confounders, BP control post-LT compared with lack of control was associated with a significantly lower hazard of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39, 0.87) and of CVEs (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43, 0.97). The association between BP control of <140/<90 mm Hg with improved survival and decreased CVEs in LTRs suggests that efforts to improve clinician adherence to BP clinical practice recommendations should be intensified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jane L. Holl
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation and Department of Neurology, biological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Samantha Montag
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dyanna Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sean Connolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Megan Kosirog
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Patrick Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stewart Pine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amna Daud
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dan Finn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniela Ladner
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anton I. Skaro
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery and Multi-Organ Transplant, University of Western Ontario Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josh Levitsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois,Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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The Impact of Preexisting and Post-transplant Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes Following Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:2523-2530. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Gulsoy Kirnap N, Kirnap M, Bascil Tutuncu N, Moray G, Haberal M. The curative treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia: Liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13730. [PMID: 31626710 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by premature mortal cardiovascular complications. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment option. In this study, the long-term clinical follow-up data of 8 patients who underwent LT with a diagnosis of FH in our center are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 638 LT were performed between December 1985 and June 2019 at Baskent University, of which 8 patients underwent LT with a diagnosis of FH and were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Of the 8 patients, 4 underwent deceased donor and 4 living donor transplantation. Five patients had preoperative cardiovascular disease and consequent interventional operations. There was significant reduction in postoperative LDL-C and TC levels starting from the first week, and stabilizing at the first month and first year. The median survival time of patients was 5 years (2-12 years). All patients are still alive. None of the complications of patients with preoperative cardiovascular complications had progressed. CONCLUSION Liver transplantation is the preferred curative treatment for the pathophysiology of FH. In our study, LDL-C levels were brought under control with LT performed on patients with FH. Median 5-year follow-up of patients showed that the progression of cardiac complications was abated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahir Kirnap
- Department of General Surgery Division of Transplantation, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gokhan Moray
- Department of General Surgery Division of Transplantation, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Haberal
- Department of General Surgery Division of Transplantation, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Ding GY, Zhao Y, Wu W, Zhong M, Fu PY, Xu M, Zhou J, Fan J, Huang XW, Song K. In Situ Normothermic Regional Perfusion for Liver Donation From China Category III (Organ Donation After Brain Death Followed by Circulatory Death): A Single-Center Cohort Study. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2019; 18:83-88. [PMID: 31617836 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2019.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Organ donation after brain death followed by circulatory death is practiced in China. This study evaluated the application of normothermic regional perfusion to protect the liver grafts from these donors from warm ischemia in a large transplant center in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study involved 19 liver transplants from brain death followed by circulatory death donors that were conducted between December 2014 and June 2017. We evaluated the baseline characteristics of the donors and recipients and compared outcomes of both groups. Graft and recipient survival and postoperative complications were also analyzed. RESULTS Although the normothermic regional perfusion group consisted of marginal donors with prolonged warm ischemia and recipients with higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores (P < .05), postoperative tests indicated no differences in liverfunction recovery in both groups. Furthermore, total bilirubin decreased significantly faster in the normothermic regional perfusion group than in the control group (P < .05). Both groups showed similar 1-year recipient survival rates. No recipients in the normothermic regional perfusion group had any biliary complications, whereas 2 recipients in the control group developed ischemic cholangiopathy and received invasive treatment during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In situ normothermic regional perfusion demonstrated a significant benefit in grafts from brain death followed by circulatory death donors and could potentially increase both the number and quality of donated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Ding
- From the Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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25
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Chaney A. Patient With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Posttransplant Develops Acute Hepatitis B Virus Causing Graft Failure. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2019; 14:8-11. [PMID: 31391929 PMCID: PMC6677010 DOI: 10.1002/cld.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Chaney
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceJacksonvilleFL
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26
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Impact of Allograft Steatosis on Cardiovascular Outcomes. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-018-0205-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Beckmann S, Denhaerynck K, Stampf S, Saigi-Morgui N, Binet I, Koller M, Boely E, De Geest S. New-onset obesity after liver transplantation-outcomes and risk factors: the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study. Transpl Int 2018; 31:1254-1267. [PMID: 29984844 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain after liver transplantation (LTx) facilitates development of new-onset obesity; however, its risk factors and outcomes are poorly understood. We identified the impact of new-onset obesity on cardiovascular events (CVEs) and patient survival, and risk factors for new-onset obesity. Multiple Cox regression models examined risk factors for CVEs, patient survival, and new-onset obesity in 253 adults (mean age 52.2 ± 11.6 years, male gender 63.6%, mean follow up 5.7 ± 2.1 years). Cumulative incidence of post-LTx CVE was 28.1%; that of new-onset obesity was 21.3%. Regardless of CVE at LTx, post-LTx CVEs were predicted by new-onset obesity [Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.95; P = 0.002] and higher age at LTx (HR, 1.05; P < 0.001). In patients without known pre-LTx CVEs (n = 214), risk factors for post-LTx CVEs were new-onset obesity (HR, 2.59; P = 0.014) and higher age (HR, 1.04; P = 0.001). Survival was not associated with new-onset obesity (P = 0.696). Alcoholic liver disease predicted new-onset obesity (HR, 3.37; P = 0.025), female gender was protective (HR, 0.39; P = 0.034). In 114 patients with available genetic data, alcoholic liver disease (HR, 12.82; P = 0.014) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR, 10.02; P = 0.048) predicted new-onset obesity, and genetics remained borderline significant (HR, 1.07; P = 0.071). Early introduction of post-LTx weight management programs may suggest a potential pathway to reduce CVE risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Beckmann
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Clinical Nursing Science, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kris Denhaerynck
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Stampf
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology (Swiss Transplant Cohort Study), University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nuria Saigi-Morgui
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Binet
- Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Koller
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Boely
- University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabina De Geest
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Academic Center for Nursing and Midwifery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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VanWagner LB. A simple clinical calculator for assessing cardiac event risk in liver transplant candidates: The cardiovascular risk in orthotopic liver transplantation score. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2018; 11:145-148. [PMID: 30319773 PMCID: PMC6178958 DOI: 10.1002/cld.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. VanWagner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; and Department of Preventive MedicineNorthwestern University, Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL
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29
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Nationwide population-based study reveals increased malignancy risk in taiwanese liver transplant recipients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83784-83794. [PMID: 27626495 PMCID: PMC5347805 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant malignancy is a major cause of late mortality for liver transplant recipients (LTRs). This nationwide population-based cohort study investigated the cancer type, incidence, and risk factors associated with post-transplant malignancies in 2938 Taiwanese LTRs who underwent transplantation between 1998 and 2012. Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database were extracted on the basis of the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Among these patients, 284 post-transplant malignancies were diagnosed. These included 99 de novo malignancies among 98 patients, yielding a standardized incidence ratio of 2.17 (95% CI, 1.76 to 2.64) compared to the general population. The most common malignancies were infection related liver cancer (19.39%), oropharyngeal cancer (19.39%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (9.18%), and esophageal cancer (5.10%), as well as non-infection-related prostate cancer (6.12%). Patients with recurrent malignancies had the highest mortality. Furthermore, 186 recurrent malignancies relapsed, and the commonly affected organs were the liver (83.33%), lung (4.84%), bone and bone marrow (4.30%), and intrahepatic bile ducts (2.69%). Old age, the male sex, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, peptic ulcer, diabetes mellitus, and pre-existing cancer were all risk factors associated with post-transplant malignancies. Recipients with biliary atresia or urea cycle metabolism disorders were protected from post-transplant malignancies. Our data revealed a significantly increased risk of malignancies in Taiwanese LTRs and suggest implementation of a careful malignancy-surveillance program and immunosuppression-minimizing strategy for high-risk patients.
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Saab S, Sikavi C, Jimenez M, Viramontes M, Allen R, Challita Y, Mai M, Esmailzadeh N, Grotts J, Choi G, Durazo F, El-Kabany M, Han SH, Moreno E. Clinical Food Addiction Is Not Associated with Development of Metabolic Complications in Liver Transplant Recipients. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017; 5:335-342. [PMID: 29226100 PMCID: PMC5719191 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Given the increased risk of post-transplant metabolic syndrome (PTMS; defined by hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia), we aimed to identify the potential role of food addiction in the development of metabolic complications in the post-liver transplant population. Methods: Inclusion criteria included adult liver transplant recipients followed at our institution between June 2016 and November 2016. Participants were administered a demographic survey as well as the Yale Food Assessment Scale 2.0, a 35-item questionnaire used to assess frequency of food addiction in accordance with the DSM-V guidelines of substance use disorders. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Results: Our study included 236 liver transplant recipients (139 males, 97 females). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BMI of participants was 26.8 kg/m2 (24.2, 30.4), and median (IQR) time since transplantation was 50.9 months (19.6, 119.8). The prevalence rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus were 54.7%, 25.0% and 27.1%, respectively. Twelve participants (5.1%) were found to have a diagnosis of food addiction. A diagnosis of food misuse was made in 94 (39.8%) of the transplant recipients. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with prior data that indicate high prevalence of metabolic complications among liver transplant recipients. Food addiction was not predictive of metabolic complications within this population. Nevertheless, we found that this population was at high risk of demonstrating symptoms of food misuse, and they were not likely to appreciate the risks of pathologic patterns of eating. Given the increasing risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population, efforts should be made to identify risk factors for the development of PTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Saab
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- *Correspondence to: Sammy Saab, Pfleger Liver Institute, UCLA Medical Center, 200 Medical Plaza, Suite 214, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Tel: +1-310-206-6705, Fax: +1-310-206-4197, E-mail:
| | - Cameron Sikavi
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Jimenez
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Viramontes
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Allen
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Youssef Challita
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Mai
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Negin Esmailzadeh
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Grotts
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gina Choi
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Durazo
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed El-Kabany
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven-Huy Han
- Departments of Medicine, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Surgery, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisa Moreno
- Departments of Psychiatry, the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Bhanji RA, Watt KD. Fatty allograft and cardiovascular outcomes after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:S76-S80. [PMID: 28815935 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahima A Bhanji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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32
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Abstract
Since 1988 nearly 150,000 liver transplants have been performed in the United States. Over the past 3 decades the indications for liver transplant have changed from end-stage liver disease from alcohol and cholestatic liver diseases to hepatitis C and most recently nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver transplant recipients are living longer with 10-year survival rates exceeding 60%. Gastroenterologists are likely to encounter or consult on postliver transplant recipients as they live longer and seek care closer to home. Complications after liver transplant are related to immunosuppression, malignancy, recurrent disease, and conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. This review will discuss postliver transplant care and complications in liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Russo
- Division of Hepatology, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC
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33
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Practical Recommendations for Long-term Management of Modifiable Risks in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients: A Guidance Report and Clinical Checklist by the Consensus on Managing Modifiable Risk in Transplantation (COMMIT) Group. Transplantation 2017; 101:S1-S56. [PMID: 28328734 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Short-term patient and graft outcomes continue to improve after kidney and liver transplantation, with 1-year survival rates over 80%; however, improving longer-term outcomes remains a challenge. Improving the function of grafts and health of recipients would not only enhance quality and length of life, but would also reduce the need for retransplantation, and thus increase the number of organs available for transplant. The clinical transplant community needs to identify and manage those patient modifiable factors, to decrease the risk of graft failure, and improve longer-term outcomes.COMMIT was formed in 2015 and is composed of 20 leading kidney and liver transplant specialists from 9 countries across Europe. The group's remit is to provide expert guidance for the long-term management of kidney and liver transplant patients, with the aim of improving outcomes by minimizing modifiable risks associated with poor graft and patient survival posttransplant.The objective of this supplement is to provide specific, practical recommendations, through the discussion of current evidence and best practice, for the management of modifiable risks in those kidney and liver transplant patients who have survived the first postoperative year. In addition, the provision of a checklist increases the clinical utility and accessibility of these recommendations, by offering a systematic and efficient way to implement screening and monitoring of modifiable risks in the clinical setting.
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34
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Chemotherapy for De Novo Gastric Adenocarcinoma After Deceased Orthotopic Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:178-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Faraj W, El Nounou G, Abou Al Naaj A, Nakhoul N, Haydar A, Khalife M. Osteoporosis in Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Prog Transplant 2016; 26:389-391. [PMID: 27555069 DOI: 10.1177/1526924816663519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation provides an important, often life-saving treatment for end-stage liver disease. Osteoporosis post-liver transplantation has been described in adults; however, this has not been described in the pediatric population to date. We present a case of a 13-year-old female patient who underwent an orthotopic liver transplant for cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. Her immunosuppressants were tacrolimus and prednisone. Four months posttransplant, she started complaining of bilateral lower limb pain and limping while walking, progressing to a point where she was almost immobile. Magnetic resonance imagining of the pelvis showed bilateral avascular necrosis involving the weight-bearing surfaces of both femoral heads, in addition to the extensive edema involving both hip joints. Bone mineral densitometry was below normal for her age at the hip and forearm. She was started on high-dose calcium and vitamin D supplement, as well as zoledronic acid with a remarkable symptomatic and functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Faraj
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina El Nounou
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdallah Abou Al Naaj
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nancy Nakhoul
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Haydar
- Department of Radiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Khalife
- Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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36
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D’Avola D, Gonzalez Aseguinolaza G. Prospect and progress of gene therapy in acute intermittent porphyria. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2016.1191346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia D’Avola
- Liver Unit, CIBERehd, and IDISNAt, Clinica Universidad Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Gonzalez Aseguinolaza
- Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression, CIMA, and IDISNA, Navarra, Spain
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37
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Hepatobiliary Quiz Answers-17 (2016). J Clin Exp Hepatol 2016; 6:73-6. [PMID: 27194902 PMCID: PMC4862109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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38
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Sun XY, Dong JH, Qin KE, Lan LG, Li HB, Huang Y, Cao S, Li ZJ, Dai LJ. Single-center study on transplantation of livers donated after cardiac death: A report of 6 cases. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:988-992. [PMID: 26998025 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective use of all available donated organs is critical, in order to meet the increasing demand for transplants. The present study explored liver transplantation with livers that were donated following cardiac death (DCD). According to the guidelines established by The Red Cross Society of China, 42 DCD organs were procured. Selected donors were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) prior to the organ retrieval. The present single-center study included 6 liver transplantations of DCD organs (5 liver transplants and 1 liver-kidney combined transplant). All 6 recipients had a successful recovery without significant complications. The serum alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and international normalized ratio returned to the normal levels within a short period of time following transplantation, and the liver function remained normal during the follow-up period, which lasted up to 24 months. The present report demonstrated the feasibility of orthotopic liver transplantation using DCD livers. The pre-conditioning DCD donors and optimization of the recipient's condition using ECMO, played a crucial role in ensuring the success of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Yong Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Guangxi Transplantation Medicine Research Center of Technology, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Department of Organ Transplantation in Guangzhou Military Region, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hui Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - K E Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Gen Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Bin Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Song Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhuang-Jiang Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Long-Jun Dai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Transplant Medicine, 303 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V5Z 1L8, Canada
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39
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Rathi S, Dhiman RK. Hepatobiliary Quiz (Answers)-16 (2015). J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 5:357-60. [PMID: 26900280 PMCID: PMC4723713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Address for correspondence: Radha K. Dhiman, Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh160012India
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