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Kotla NG, Rochev Y. IBD disease-modifying therapies: insights from emerging therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:241-253. [PMID: 36720660 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis is associated with gut mucosal inflammation, epithelial damage, and dysbiosis leading to a dysregulated gut mucosal barrier. However, the extent and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Current treatment regimens have focused mainly on treating IBD symptoms; however, such treatment strategies do not address mucosal epithelial repair, barrier homeostasis, or intestinal dysbiosis. Although attempts have been made to identify new therapeutic modalities to enhance gut barrier functions, these are at an early developmental stage and have not been wholly successful. We review conventional therapies, the possible relevant role of gut barrier-protecting agents, and biomaterial strategies relating to combination therapies that may pave the way towards developing new therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan G Kotla
- CÚRAM, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Yury Rochev
- CÚRAM, Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Elia E, Brownell D, Chabaud S, Bolduc S. Tissue Engineering for Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Tracts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010009. [PMID: 36613452 PMCID: PMC9820091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts share several similarities. Primarily, these tissues are composed of hollow structures lined by an epithelium through which materials need to flow with the help of peristalsis brought by muscle contraction. In the case of the gastrointestinal tract, solid or liquid food must circulate to be digested and absorbed and the waste products eliminated. In the case of the urinary tract, the urine produced by the kidneys must flow to the bladder, where it is stored until its elimination from the body. Finally, in the case of the vagina, it must allow the evacuation of blood during menstruation, accommodate the male sexual organ during coitus, and is the natural way to birth a child. The present review describes the anatomy, pathologies, and treatments of such organs, emphasizing tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Elia
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Brownell
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 42282)
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Matsui T, Shinozawa T. Human Organoids for Predictive Toxicology Research and Drug Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:767621. [PMID: 34790228 PMCID: PMC8591288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional structures fabricated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or adult tissue stem cells via a process of self-organization that results in the formation of organ-specific cell types. Human organoids are expected to mimic complex microenvironments and many of the in vivo physiological functions of relevant tissues, thus filling the translational gap between animals and humans and increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease and developmental processes. In the last decade, organoid research has attracted increasing attention in areas such as disease modeling, drug development, regenerative medicine, toxicology research, and personalized medicine. In particular, in the field of toxicology, where there are various traditional models, human organoids are expected to blaze a new path in future research by overcoming the current limitations, such as those related to differences in drug responses among species. Here, we discuss the potential usefulness, limitations, and future prospects of human liver, heart, kidney, gut, and brain organoids from the viewpoints of predictive toxicology research and drug development, providing cutting edge information on their fabrication methods and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Matsui
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Shinozawa
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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4
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Kawaguchi AL, Guner YS, Sømme S, Quesenberry AC, Arthur LG, Sola JE, Downard CD, Rentea RM, Valusek PA, Smith CA, Slidell MB, Ricca RL, Dasgupta R, Renaud E, Miniati D, McAteer J, Beres AL, Grabowski J, Peter SDS, Gosain A. Management and outcomes for long-segment Hirschsprung disease: A systematic review from the APSA Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee. J Pediatr Surg 2021; 56:1513-1523. [PMID: 33993978 PMCID: PMC8552809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-Segment Hirschsprung Disease (LSHD) differs clinically from short-segment disease. This review article critically appraises current literature on the definition, management, outcomes, and novel therapies for patients with LSHD. METHODS Four questions regarding the definition, management, and outcomes of patients with LSHD were generated. English-language articles published between 1990 and 2018 were compiled by searching PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS 66 manuscripts were included in this systematic review. Standardized nomenclature and preoperative evaluation for LSHD are recommended. Insufficient evidence exists to recommend a single method for the surgical repair of LSHD. Patients with LSHD may have increased long-term gastrointestinal symptoms, including Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), but have a quality of life similar to matched controls. There are few surgical technical innovations focused on this disorder. CONCLUSIONS A standardized definition of LSHD is recommended that emphasizes the precise anatomic location of aganglionosis. Prospective studies comparing operative options and long-term outcomes are needed. Translational approaches, such as stem cell therapy, may be promising in the future for the treatment of long-segment Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akemi L Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yigit S Guner
- Department of Surgery University of California Irvine and Division of Pediatric Surgery Children's Hospital of Orange County, USA
| | - Stig Sømme
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - L Grier Arthur
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic, and Minimally Invasive Surgery, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan E Sola
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia D Downard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Hiram C. Polk, Jr, MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Rentea
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Valusek
- Pediatric Surgical Associates, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Caitlin A Smith
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark B Slidell
- Section of Pediatric Surgery, Comer Children's Hospital, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert L Ricca
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Roshni Dasgupta
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Childrens Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth Renaud
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Doug Miniati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Roseville Women and Children's Center, Roseville, California, USA
| | | | - Alana L Beres
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento CA, USA
| | - Julia Grabowski
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL long, USA
| | - Shawn D St Peter
- Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ankush Gosain
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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O'Neill JD, Pinezich MR, Guenthart BA, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Gut bioengineering strategies for regenerative medicine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G1-G11. [PMID: 33174453 PMCID: PMC8112187 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00206.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal disease burden continues to rise in the United States and worldwide. The development of bioengineering strategies to model gut injury or disease and to reestablish functional gut tissue could expand therapeutic options and improve clinical outcomes. Current approaches leverage a rapidly evolving gut bioengineering toolkit aimed at 1) de novo generation of gutlike tissues at multiple scales for microtissue models or implantable grafts and 2) regeneration of functional gut in vivo. Although significant progress has been made in intestinal organoid cultures and engineered tissues, development of predictive in vitro models and effective regenerative therapies remains challenging. In this review, we survey emerging bioengineering tools and recent methodological advances to identify current challenges and future opportunities in gut bioengineering for disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D O'Neill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Meghan R Pinezich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Brandon A Guenthart
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Plair A, Bennington J, Williams JK, Parker-Autry C, Matthews CA, Badlani G. Regenerative medicine for anal incontinence: a review of regenerative therapies beyond cells. Int Urogynecol J 2020; 32:2337-2347. [PMID: 33247762 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-020-04620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS Current treatment modalities for anal sphincter injuries are ineffective for many patients, prompting research into restorative and regenerative therapies. Although cellular therapy with stem cells and progenitor cells show promise in animal models with short-term improvement, there are additional regenerative approaches that can augment or replace cellular therapies for anal sphincter injuries. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge of cellular therapies for anal sphincter injuries and discusses the use of other regenerative therapies including cytokine therapy with CXCL12. METHODS A literature search was performed to search for articles on cellular therapy and cytokine therapy for anal sphincter injuries and anal incontinence. RESULTS The article search identified 337 articles from which 33 articles were included. An additional 12 referenced articles were included as well as 23 articles providing background information. Cellular therapy has shown positive results for treating anal sphincter injuries and anal incontinence in vitro and in one clinical trial. However, cellular therapy has disadvantages such as the source and processing of stem cells and progenitor cells. CXCL12 does not have such issues while showing promising in vitro results for treating anal sphincter injuries. Additionally, electrical stimulation and extracorporeal shock wave therapy are potential regenerative medicine adjuncts for anal sphincter injuries. A vision for future research and clinical applications of regenerative medicine for anal sphincter deficiencies is provided. CONCLUSION There are viable regenerative medicine therapies for anal sphincter injuries beyond cellular therapy. CXCL12 shows promise as a focus of therapeutic research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Plair
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Julie Bennington
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gopal Badlani
- Department of Urology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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Huang J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Ren Y, Xu Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wu X, Ren J. Marine-inspired molecular mimicry generates a drug-free, but immunogenic hydrogel adhesive protecting surgical anastomosis. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:770-782. [PMID: 33024898 PMCID: PMC7527377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a biomimic hydrogel adhesive that addresses the poor healing of surgical anastomosis. Dopamine-conjugated xanthan gum (Da-g-Xan) is fabricated using deep insights into the molecular similarity between mussels' adhesive and dopamine as well as the structural similarity between barnacle cement proteins and xanthan gum. The hydrogel mimics marine animals’ adherence to wet tissue surfaces. Upon applying this adhesive to colonic anastomosis in a rat model, protective effects were shown by significantly improving the bursting pressure. Mechanistically, the architecture of Da-g-Xan hydrogel is maintained by dynamic intermolecular hydrogen bonds that allow the quick release of Da-g-Xan. The free Da-g-Xan can regulate the inflammatory status and induce type 2 macrophage polarization (M2) by specifically interacting with mannose receptors (CD206) revealed by RNA-sequencing and molecular binding assays. Consequently, an appropriate microenvironment for tissue healing is created by the secretion of chemokines and growth factors from M2 macrophages, strengthening the fibroblast migration and proliferation, collagen synthesis and epithelial vascularization. Overall, this study demonstrates an unprecedented strategy for generating an adhesive by synergistic mimicry inspired by two marine animals, and the results show that the Da-g-Xan adhesive augments native tissue regenerative responses, thus enabling enhanced recovery following surgical anastomosis. Dual-biomimic conjugates, Da-g-Xan, are synthesized. Da-g-Xan adhesive hydrogels are degradable, self-healing, and injectable. Released Da-g-Xan induces type 2 macrophage polarizations by specifically interacting with mannose receptors. Paracrine action by the type 2 macrophage polarizations promotes the surgical anastomosis healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yungang Jiang
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ye Liu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Ziyan Xu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zongan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- PLA Key Laboratory of Trauma and Surgical Infections, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Das S, Gordián-Vélez WJ, Ledebur HC, Mourkioti F, Rompolas P, Chen HI, Serruya MD, Cullen DK. Innervation: the missing link for biofabricated tissues and organs. NPJ Regen Med 2020; 5:11. [PMID: 32550009 PMCID: PMC7275031 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-020-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innervation plays a pivotal role as a driver of tissue and organ development as well as a means for their functional control and modulation. Therefore, innervation should be carefully considered throughout the process of biofabrication of engineered tissues and organs. Unfortunately, innervation has generally been overlooked in most non-neural tissue engineering applications, in part due to the intrinsic complexity of building organs containing heterogeneous native cell types and structures. To achieve proper innervation of engineered tissues and organs, specific host axon populations typically need to be precisely driven to appropriate location(s) within the construct, often over long distances. As such, neural tissue engineering and/or axon guidance strategies should be a necessary adjunct to most organogenesis endeavors across multiple tissue and organ systems. To address this challenge, our team is actively building axon-based "living scaffolds" that may physically wire in during organ development in bioreactors and/or serve as a substrate to effectively drive targeted long-distance growth and integration of host axons after implantation. This article reviews the neuroanatomy and the role of innervation in the functional regulation of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle tissue and highlights potential strategies to promote innervation of biofabricated engineered muscles, as well as the use of "living scaffolds" in this endeavor for both in vitro and in vivo applications. We assert that innervation should be included as a necessary component for tissue and organ biofabrication, and that strategies to orchestrate host axonal integration are advantageous to ensure proper function, tolerance, assimilation, and bio-regulation with the recipient post-implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suradip Das
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Wisberty J. Gordián-Vélez
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - H. Isaac Chen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Mijail D. Serruya
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Axonova Medical, LLC., Philadelphia, PA USA
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Vogt CD, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A. Tissue engineering of the gastroesophageal junction. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:855-868. [PMID: 32304170 DOI: 10.1002/term.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastroesophageal junction has been of clinical interest for some time due to its important role in preventing reflux of caustic stomach contents upward into the esophagus. Failure of this role has been identified as a key driver in gastroesophageal reflux disease, cancer of the lower esophagus, and aspiration-induced lung complications. Due to the large population burden and significant morbidity and mortality related to reflux barrier dysfunction, there is a pressing need to develop tissue engineering solutions which can replace diseased junctions. While good progress has been made in engineering the bodies of the esophagus and stomach, little has been done for the junction between the two. In this review, we discuss pertinent topics which should be considered as tissue engineers begin to address this anatomical region. The embryological development and adult anatomy and histology are discussed to provide context about the native structures which must be replicated. The roles of smooth muscle structures in the esophagus and stomach, as well as the contribution of the diaphragm to normal anti-reflux function are then examined. Finally, engineering considerations including mechanics and current progress in the field of tissue engineering are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb D Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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10
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Chen L, Vasoya RP, Toke NH, Parthasarathy A, Luo S, Chiles E, Flores J, Gao N, Bonder EM, Su X, Verzi MP. HNF4 Regulates Fatty Acid Oxidation and Is Required for Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:985-999.e9. [PMID: 31759926 PMCID: PMC7062567 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functions of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by diet and metabolic pathways. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) family are transcription factors that bind fatty acids. We investigated how HNF4 transcription factors regulate metabolism and their functions in ISCs in mice. METHODS We performed studies with Villin-CreERT2;Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2;Hnf4αf/f;Hnf4γCrispr/Crispr mice, hereafter referred to Hnf4αγDKO. Mice were given tamoxifen to induce Cre recombinase. Mice transgenic with only Cre alleles (Villin-CreERT2, Lgr5-EGFP-IRES-CreERT2, Hnf4α+/+, and Hnf4γ+/+) or mice given vehicle were used as controls. Crypt and villus cells were isolated, incubated with fluorescently labeled fatty acids or glucose analog, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Fatty acid oxidation activity and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites were measured in cells collected from the proximal half of the small intestine of Hnf4αγDKO and control mice. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene expression profiling analyses to identify genes regulated by HNF4 factors. We established organoids from duodenal crypts, incubated them with labeled palmitate or acetate, and measured production of TCA cycle metabolites or fatty acids. Acetate, a precursor of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) (a product of fatty acid β-oxidation [FAO]), or dichloroacetate, a compound that promotes pyruvate oxidation and generation of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, were used for metabolic intervention. RESULTS Crypt cells rapidly absorbed labeled fatty acids, and messenger RNA levels of Lgr5+ stem cell markers (Lgr5, Olfm4, Smoc2, Msi1, and Ascl2) were down-regulated in organoids incubated with etomoxir, an inhibitor of FAO, indicating that FAO was required for renewal of ISCs. HNF4A and HNF4G were expressed in ISCs and throughout the intestinal epithelium. Single knockout of either HNF4A or HNF4G did not affect maintenance of ISCs, but double-knockout of HNF4A and HNF4G resulted in ISC loss; stem cells failed to renew. FAO supports ISC renewal, and HNF4 transcription factors directly activate FAO genes, including Acsl5 and Acsf2 (encode regulators of acyl-CoA synthesis), Slc27a2 (encodes a fatty acid transporter), Fabp2 (encodes fatty acid binding protein), and Hadh (encodes hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase). In the intestinal epithelium of Hnf4αγDKO mice, expression levels of FAO genes, FAO activity, and metabolites of TCA cycle were all significantly decreased, but fatty acid synthesis transcripts were increased, compared with control mice. The contribution of labeled palmitate or acetate to the TCA cycle was reduced in organoids derived from Hnf4αγDKO mice, compared with control mice. Incubation of organoids derived from double-knockout mice with acetate or dichloroacetate restored stem cells. CONCLUSIONS In mice, the transcription factors HNF4A and HNF4G regulate the expression of genes required for FAO and are required for renewal of ISCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Roshan P. Vasoya
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Natalie H. Toke
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Aditya Parthasarathy
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shirley Luo
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Eric Chiles
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Edward M. Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Su
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA,Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA,Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA,Correspondence: (M.P.V.)
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11
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Qi D, Shi W, Black AR, Kuss MA, Pang X, He Y, Liu B, Duan B. Repair and regeneration of small intestine: A review of current engineering approaches. Biomaterials 2020; 240:119832. [PMID: 32113114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine (SI) is difficult to regenerate or reconstruct due to its complex structure and functions. Recent developments in stem cell research, advanced engineering technologies, and regenerative medicine strategies bring new hope of solving clinical problems of the SI. This review will first summarize the structure, function, development, cell types, and matrix components of the SI. Then, the major cell sources for SI regeneration are introduced, and state-of-the-art biofabrication technologies for generating engineered SI tissues or models are overviewed. Furthermore, in vitro models and in vivo transplantation, based on intestinal organoids and tissue engineering, are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed to help direct future applications for SI repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianjun Qi
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Adrian R Black
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mitchell A Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Xining Pang
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Academician Expert Workstation and Liaoning Province Human Amniotic Membrane Dressings Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Engineering Research Center, Shenyang Amnion Biological Engineering Technology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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12
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13
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Endo T, Kadoya K, Suzuki Y, Kawamura D, Iwasaki N. A Novel Experimental Model to Determine the Axon-Promoting Effects of Grafted Cells After Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:280. [PMID: 31316351 PMCID: PMC6611175 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral nerves can regenerate, clinical outcomes after peripheral nerve injuries are not always satisfactory, especially in cases of severe or proximal injuries. Further, autologous nerve grafting remains the gold standard for the reconstruction of peripheral nerves, although this method is still accompanied by issues of donor-site morbidity and limited supply. Cell therapy is a potential approach to overcome these issues. However, the optimal cell type for promoting axon regeneration remains unknown. Here, we report a novel experimental model dedicated to elucidation of the axon-promoting effects of candidate cell types using simple and standardized techniques. This model uses rat sciatic nerves and consists of a 25 mm-long acellular region and a crush site at each end. The acellular region was made by repeated freeze/thaw procedures with liquid nitrogen. Importantly, the new model does not require microsurgical procedures, which are technically demanding and greatly affect axon regeneration. To test the actual utility of this model, red fluorescent protein-expressing syngeneic Schwann cells (SCs), marrow stromal cells, or fibroblasts were grafted into the acellular area, followed by perfusion of the rat 2 weeks later. All types of grafted cells survived well. Quantification of regenerating axons demonstrated that SCs, but not the other cell types, promoted axon regeneration with minimum variability. Thus, this model is useful for differentiating the effects of various grafted cell types in axon regeneration. Interestingly, regardless of the grafted cell type, host SCs migrated into the acellular area, and the extent of axon regeneration was strongly correlated with the number of SCs. Moreover, all regenerating axons were closely associated with SCs. These findings suggest a critical role for SCs in peripheral nerve axon regeneration. Collectively, this novel experimental model is useful for elucidating the axon-promoting effects of grafted cells and for analyzing the biology of peripheral nerve axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Kadoya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Huang J, Ren Y, Wu X, Li Z, Ren J. Gut bioengineering promotes gut repair and pharmaceutical research: a review. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731419839846. [PMID: 31037215 PMCID: PMC6475831 DOI: 10.1177/2041731419839846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has a diverse set of physiological functions, including peristalsis, immune defense, and nutrient absorptions. These functions are mediated by various intestinal cells such as epithelial cells, interstitial cells, smooth muscle cells, and neurocytes. The loss or dysfunction of specific cells directly results in GI disease, while supplementation of normal cells promotes gut healing. Gut bioengineering has been developing for this purpose to reconstruct the damaged tissues. Moreover, GI tract provides an accessible route for drug delivery, but the collateral damages induced by side effects cannot be ignored. Bioengineered intestinal tissues provide three-dimensional platforms that mimic the in vivo environment to study drug functions. Given the importance of gut bioengineering in current research, in this review, we summarize the advances in the technologies of gut bioengineering and their applications. We were able to identify several ground-breaking discoveries in our review, while more work is needed to promote the clinical translation of gut bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongan Li
- School of NARI Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Laboratory for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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15
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Silk sericin-enhanced microstructured bacterial cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold towards prospective gut repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 102:502-510. [PMID: 31147021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a first step towards the production of functional cell sheets applicable for the regeneration of gut muscle layer, microstructured bacterial cellulose (mBC) was assessed for its ability to support the growth of enteric nervous system (ENS) and gut smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To improve the cellular response, mBC was modified with silk sericin (SS) which has renowned abilities in supporting tissue regeneration. While SS did not impair the line structures imparted to BC by PDMS templates, similarly to the patterns, it affected its physical properties, ultimately leading to variations in the behavior of cells cultured onto these substrates. Enabled by the stripes on mBC, both SMCs and ENS cells were aligned in vitro, presenting the in vivo-like morphology essential for peristalsis and gut function. Interestingly, cell growth and differentiation remarkably enhanced upon SS addition to the samples, indicating the promise of the mBC-SS constructs as biomaterial not only for gut engineering, but also for tissues where cellular alignment is required for function, namely the heart, blood vessels, and similars.
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Brun P, Zamuner A, Peretti A, Conti J, Messina GML, Marletta G, Dettin M. 3D Synthetic Peptide-based Architectures for the Engineering of the Enteric Nervous System. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5583. [PMID: 30944410 PMCID: PMC6447567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage of enteric neurons and partial or total loss of selective neuronal populations are reported in intestinal disorders including inflammatory bowel diseases and necrotizing enterocolitis. To develop three-dimensional scaffolds for enteric neurons we propose the decoration of ionic-complementary self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels, namely EAK or EAbuK, with bioactive motives. Our results showed the ability of EAK in supporting neuronal cell attachment and neurite development. Therefore, EAK was covalently conjugated to: RGD, (GRGDSP)4K (fibronectin), FRHRNRKGY (h-vitronectin, named HVP), IKVAV (laminin), and type 1 Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1). Chemoselective ligation was applied for the SAP conjugation with IGF-1 and the other longer sequences. Freshly isolated murine enteric neurons attached and grew on all functionalized EAK but IGF-1. Cell-cell contact was evident on hydrogels enriched with (GRGDSP)4K and HVP. Moreover (GRGDSP)4K significantly increased mRNA expression of neurotrophin-3 and nerve growth factor, two trophic factors supporting neuronal survival and differentiation, whereas IKVAV decoration specifically increased mRNA expression of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase, genes involved in synaptic communication between cholinergic neurons. Thus, decorated hydrogels are proposed as injectable scaffolds to support in loco survival of enteric neurons, foster synaptic communication, or drive the differentiation of neuronal subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Alessandro Peretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Jessica Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Grazia M L Messina
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Doria, 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Doria, 6, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9, Padova, 35131, Italy.
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Quirós M, Nusrat A. Contribution of Wound-Associated Cells and Mediators in Orchestrating Gastrointestinal Mucosal Wound Repair. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 81:189-209. [PMID: 30354933 PMCID: PMC7871200 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa, structurally formed by the epithelium and lamina propria, serves as a selective barrier that separates luminal contents from the underlying tissues. Gastrointestinal mucosal wound repair is orchestrated by a series of spatial and temporal events that involve the epithelium, recruited immune cells, resident stromal cells, and the microbiota present in the wound bed. Upon injury, repair of the gastrointestinal barrier is mediated by collective migration, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of epithelial cells. Epithelial repair is intimately regulated by a number of wound-associated cells that include immune cells and stromal cells in addition to mediators released by luminal microbiota. The highly regulated interaction of these cell types is perturbed in chronic inflammatory diseases that are associated with impaired wound healing. An improved understanding of prorepair mechanisms in the gastrointestinal mucosa will aid in the development of novel therapeutics that promote mucosal healing and reestablish the critical epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Quirós
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; ,
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18
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Du W, Hong S, Scapin G, Goulard M, Shah DI. Directed Collective Cell Migration Using Three-Dimensional Bioprinted Micropatterns on Thermoresponsive Surfaces for Myotube Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3935-3943. [PMID: 31723595 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Directed collective cell migration governs cell orientation during tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor metastasis. Unfortunately, current methods for initiating collective cell migration, such as scratching, laser ablation, and stencils, either introduce uncontrolled cell-injury, involve multiple fabrication processes, or have utility limited to cells with strong cell-cell junctions. Using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) micropatterns on temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) coated interfaces, we demonstrate that directed injury-free collective cell migration could occur in parallel and perpendicular directions. After seeding cells, we created cell-free spaces between two 3D bioprinted GelMA micropatterns by lowering the temperature of PNIPAm interfaces to promote the cell detachment. Unlike conventional collective cell migration methods initiated by stencils, we observed well-organized cell migration in parallel and perpendicular to 3D bioprinted micropatterns as a function of the distance between 3D bioprinted micropatterns. We further established the utility of controlled collective cell migration for directed functional myotube formation using 3D bioprinted fingerprintlike micropatterns as well as iris musclelike concentric circular patterns. Our platform is unique for myoblast alignment and myotube formation because it does not require anisotropic guidance cues. Together, our findings establish how to achieve controlled collective cell migration, even at the macroscale, for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Du
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Marie Goulard
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dhvanit I Shah
- Center for Childhood Cancers and Blood Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Huang J, Li Z, Hu Q, Chen G, Ren Y, Wu X, Ren J. Bioinspired Anti-digestive Hydrogels Selected by a Simulated Gut Microfluidic Chip for Closing Gastrointestinal Fistula. iScience 2018; 8:40-48. [PMID: 30273911 PMCID: PMC6170257 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-digestive features given to hydrogels can prolong their action time in gut environment; however, these types of hydrogels have rarely been reported. Inspired by indigestibility of dietary fibers, we introduced an injectable covalent hydrogel through photopolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate-modified xanthan. This newly synthesized hydrogel exhibited a specific concentration-dependent porosity, swelling ratio, and stiffness. The intestinal epithelial cells-6 could grow on the surface of the stiffer hydrogel, and achieved their gut barrier functions. A simulated gut microfluidic chip was manufactured to demonstrate the hydrogel's good performance of anti-digestion compared with the current product, fibrin sealant. Furthermore, calcium ions could induce the swelling-shrinking behavior of the hydrogel, which assisted in removing the hydrogels at the proper time so as to avoid the mismatch of hydrogel degradation and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this hydrogel is expected to be an outstanding gut repair material, especially for closing gastrointestinal fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjian Huang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zongan Li
- NARI School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiongyuan Hu
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Guopu Chen
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanhan Ren
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Lab for Trauma and Surgical Infections, Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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20
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Folding artificial mucosa with cell-laden hydrogels guided by mechanics models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7503-7508. [PMID: 29967135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802361115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The surfaces of many hollow or tubular tissues/organs in our respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts are covered by mucosa with folded patterns. The patterns are induced by mechanical instability of the mucosa under compression due to constrained growth. Recapitulating this folding process in vitro will facilitate the understanding and engineering of mucosa in various tissues/organs. However, scant attention has been paid to address the challenge of reproducing mucosal folding. Here we mimic the mucosal folding process using a cell-laden hydrogel film attached to a prestretched tough-hydrogel substrate. The cell-laden hydrogel constitutes a human epithelial cell lining on stromal component to recapitulate the physiological feature of a mucosa. Relaxation of the prestretched tough-hydrogel substrate applies compressive strains on the cell-laden hydrogel film, which undergoes mechanical instability and evolves into morphological patterns. We predict the conditions for mucosal folding as well as the morphology of and strain in the folded artificial mucosa using a combination of theory and simulation. The work not only provides a simple method to fold artificial mucosa but also demonstrates a paradigm in tissue engineering via harnessing mechanical instabilities guided by quantitative mechanics models.
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21
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Composite Scaffolds Based on Intestinal Extracellular Matrices and Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol: A Preliminary Study for a New Regenerative Approach in Short Bowel Syndrome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7824757. [PMID: 29992163 PMCID: PMC5994320 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7824757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Short Bowel Syndrome is a rare malabsorption disease occurring because of massive surgical resections of the small intestine. To date, the issues related to current strategies including intestinal transplantation prompted the attention towards tissue engineering (TE). This work aimed to develop and compare two composite scaffolds for intestinal TE consisting of a novel hydrogel, that is, oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA), cross-linked with decellularized intestinal wall as a whole (wW/OxPVA) or homogenized (hW/OxPVA). A characterization of the supports was performed by histology and Scanning Electron Microscopy and their interaction with adipose mesenchymal stem cells occurred by MTT assay. Finally, the scaffolds were implanted in the omentum of Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks prior to being processed by histology and immunohistochemistry (CD3; F4/80; Ki-67; desmin; α-SMA; MNF116). In vitro studies proved the effectiveness of the decellularization, highlighting the features of the matrices; moreover, both supports promoted cell adhesion/proliferation even if the wW/OxPVA ones were more effective (p < 0.01). Analysis of explants showed a continuous and relatively organized tissue wall around the supports with a connective appearance, such as myofibroblastic features, smooth muscle, and epithelial cells. Both scaffolds, albeit with some difference, were promising; nevertheless, further analysis will be necessary.
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22
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Qian Y, Song J, Zhao X, Chen W, Ouyang Y, Yuan W, Fan C. 3D Fabrication with Integration Molding of a Graphene Oxide/Polycaprolactone Nanoscaffold for Neurite Regeneration and Angiogenesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700499. [PMID: 29721407 PMCID: PMC5908351 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Treating peripheral nerve injury faces major challenges and may benefit from bioactive scaffolds due to the limited autograft resources. Graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a promising nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties. GO has functional groups that confer biocompatibility that is better than that of graphene. Here, GO/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds are fabricated using an integration molding method. The nanoscaffolds exhibit many merits, including even GO nanoparticle distribution, macroporous structure, and strong mechanical support. Additionally, the process enables excellent quality control. In vitro studies confirm the advantages of the GO/PCL nanoscaffolds in terms of Schwann cell proliferation, viability, and attachment, as well as neural characteristics maintenance. This is the first study to evaluate the in vivo performance of GO-based nanoscaffolds in this context. GO release and PCL biodegradation is analyzed after long-term in vivo study. It is also found that the GO/PCL nerve guidance conduit could successfully repair a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect. The pro-angiogenic characteristic of GO is evaluated in vivo using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the AKT-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway might play a major role in the angiogenic process. These findings demonstrate that the GO/PCL nanoscaffold efficiently promotes functional and morphological recovery in peripheral nerve regeneration, indicating its promise for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Jialin Song
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
| | - Yuanming Ouyang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East CampusShanghai University of Medicine and HealthShanghai201306China
| | - Weien Yuan
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNo. 800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital600 Yishan RoadShanghai200233China
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Kanetaka K, Kobayashi S, Eguchi S. Regenerative medicine for the esophagus. Surg Today 2017; 48:739-747. [PMID: 29214351 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-017-1610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering techniques have made it possible to use human cells as biological material. This has enabled pharmacological studies to be conducted to investigate drug effects and toxicity, to clarify the mechanisms underlying diseases, and to elucidate how they compensate for impaired organ function. Many researchers have tried to construct artificial organs using these techniques, but none has succeeded in growing a whole organ. Unlike other digestive organs with complicated functions, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients, the esophagus has the relatively simple function of transporting content, which can be replicated easily by a substitute. In regenerative medicine, various combinations of materials have been applied, including scaffolding, cell sources, and bioreactors. Exciting results of tissue engineering techniques for the esophagus have been reported. In animal models, replacing full-thickness and full-circumferential defects remains challenging because of stenosis and leakage after implantation. Although many reports have manipulated various scaffolds, most have emphasized the importance of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells for the prevention of stenosis. However, the results of repair of partial full-thickness defects and mucosal defects have been promising. Two successful approaches for the replacement of mucosal defects in a clinical setting have been reported, although in contrast to the many animal models, there are few pilot studies in humans. We review the recent results and evaluate the future of regenerative medicine for the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
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24
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The extracellular matrix of the gastrointestinal tract: a regenerative medicine platform. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 14:540-552. [PMID: 28698662 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and secretion of components that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) by resident cell types occur at the earliest stages of embryonic development, and continue throughout life in both healthy and diseased physiological states. The ECM consists of a complex mixture of insoluble and soluble functional components that are arranged in a tissue-specific 3D ultrastructure, and it regulates numerous biological processes, including angiogenesis, innervation and stem cell differentiation. Owing to its composition and influence on embryonic development, as well as cellular and organ homeostasis, the ECM is an ideal therapeutic substrate for the repair of damaged or diseased tissues. Biologic scaffold materials that are composed of ECM have been used in various surgical and tissue-engineering applications. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents distinct challenges, such as diverse pH conditions and the requirement for motility and nutrient absorption. Despite these challenges, the use of homologous and heterologous ECM bioscaffolds for the focal or segmental reconstruction and regeneration of GI tissue has shown promise in early preclinical and clinical studies. This Review discusses the importance of tissue-specific ECM bioscaffolds and highlights the major advances that have been made in regenerative medicine strategies for the reconstruction of functional GI tissues.
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25
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Zakhem E, Tamburrini R, Orlando G, Koch KL, Bitar KN. Transplantation of a Human Tissue-Engineered Bowel in an Athymic Rat Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:652-660. [PMID: 28653858 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure is a serious clinical condition characterized by loss of motility, absorptive function, and malnutrition. Current treatments do not provide the optimal solution for patients due to the numerous resulting complications. A bioengineered bowel that contains the necessary cellular components provides a viable option for patients. In this study, human tissue-engineered bowel (hTEB) was developed using a technique, whereby human-sourced smooth muscle cells were aligned and neoinnervated using human-sourced neural progenitor cells, resulting in the formation of intrinsically innervated smooth muscle sheets. The sheets were then rolled around hollow tubular chitosan scaffolds and implanted in the omentum of athymic rats for neovascularization. Four weeks later, biopsies of hTEB showed vascularization, normal cell alignment, phenotype, and function. During the biopsy procedure, hTEB was transplanted into the same rat's native intestine. The rats gained weight and 6 weeks later, hTEB was harvested for studies. hTEB was healthy in color with normal diameter and with digested food in the lumen, indicating propulsion of luminal content through the hTEB. Histological studies indicated neomucosa with evidence of crypts and villi structures. This study provides proof of concept that hTEB could provide a viable treatment to lengthen the gut for patients with gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Zakhem
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,2 Program in Neuro-Gastroenterology and Motility, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Riccardo Tamburrini
- 3 Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,4 Department of General Surgery, PhD program in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- 3 Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth L Koch
- 2 Program in Neuro-Gastroenterology and Motility, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,5 Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Khalil N Bitar
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,2 Program in Neuro-Gastroenterology and Motility, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,5 Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina.,6 Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem, North Carolina
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Tubular collagen scaffolds with radial elasticity for hollow organ regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:1-8. [PMID: 28179160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tubular collagen scaffolds have been used for the repair of damaged hollow organs in regenerative medicine, but they generally lack the ability to reversibly expand in radial direction, a physiological characteristic seen in many native tubular organs. In this study, tubular collagen scaffolds were prepared that display a shape recovery effect and therefore exhibit radial elasticity. Scaffolds were constructed by compression of fibrillar collagen around a star-shaped mandrel, mimicking folds in a lumen, a typical characteristic of empty tubular hollow organs, such as ureter or urethra. Shape recovery effect was introduced by in situ fixation using a star-shaped mandrel, 3D-printed clamps and cytocompatible carbodiimide crosslinking. Prepared scaffolds expanded upon increase of luminal pressure and closed to the star-shaped conformation after removal of pressure. In this study, we applied this method to construct a scaffold mimicking the dynamics of human urethra. Radial expansion and closure of the scaffold could be iteratively performed for at least 1000 cycles, burst pressure being 132±22mmHg. Scaffolds were seeded with human epithelial cells and cultured in a bioreactor under dynamic conditions mimicking urination (pulse flow of 21s every 2h). Cells adhered and formed a closed luminal layer that resisted flow conditions. In conclusion, a new type of a tubular collagen scaffold has been constructed with radial elastic-like characteristics based on the shape of the scaffold, and enabling the scaffold to reversibly expand upon increase in luminal pressure. These scaffolds may be useful for regenerative medicine of tubular organs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this paper, a new type I collagen-based tubular scaffold is presented that possesses intrinsic radial elasticity. This characteristic is key to the functioning of a number of tubular organs including blood vessels and organs of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. The scaffold was given a star-shaped lumen by physical compression and chemical crosslinking, mimicking the folding pattern observed in many tubular organs. In rest, the lumen is closed but it opens upon increase of luminal pressure, e.g. when fluids pass. Human epithelial cells seeded on the luminal side adhered well and were compatible with voiding dynamics in a bioreactor. Collagen scaffolds with radial elasticity may be useful in the regeneration of dynamic tubular organs.
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