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Chen L, Hu Y, Zheng B, Luo L, Su Z. Human TCR repertoire in cancer. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70164. [PMID: 39240157 PMCID: PMC11378360 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells, the "superstar" of the immune system, play a crucial role in antitumor immunity. T-cell receptors (TCR) are crucial molecules that enable T cells to identify antigens and start immunological responses. The body has evolved a unique method for rearrangement, resulting in a vast diversity of TCR repertoires. A healthy TCR repertoire is essential for the particular identification of antigens by T cells. METHODS In this article, we systematically summarized the TCR creation mechanisms and analysis methodologies, particularly focusing on the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. We explore the TCR repertoire in health and cancer, and discuss the implications of TCR repertoire analysis in understanding carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and treatment. RESULTS The TCR repertoire analysis has enormous potential for monitoring the emergence and progression of malignancies, as well as assessing therapy response and prognosis. The application of NGS has dramatically accelerated our comprehension of TCR diversity and its role in cancer immunity. CONCLUSIONS To substantiate the significance of TCR repertoires as biomarkers, more thorough and exhaustive research should be conducted. The TCR repertoire analysis, enabled by advanced sequencing technologies, is poised to become a crucial tool in the future of cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics/Prenatal Diagnostic Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Anesthesia Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bohao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Limei Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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2
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Jaquish A, Phung E, Gong X, Baldominos-Flores P, Galvan-Pena S, Bursulaya I, Magill I, Bertrand K, Chambers C, Agudo J, Mathis D, Benoist C, Ramanan D. Expansion of mammary intraepithelial lymphocytes and intestinal inputs shape T cell dynamics in lactogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.09.602739. [PMID: 39026711 PMCID: PMC11257640 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.09.602739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy brings about profound changes to the mammary gland in preparation for lactation. Changes in immunocyte populations that accompany this rapid remodeling are incompletely understood. We comprehensively analyzed mammary T cells through all parous stages, revealing a marked increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T effector cells in late pregnancy and lactation. T cell expansion was partly dependent on microbial signals and included an increase in TCRαβ+CD8αα+ cells with strong cytotoxic markers, located in the epithelium, that resemble intraepithelial lymphocytes of mucosal tissues. This relationship was substantiated by demonstrating T cell migration from gut to mammary gland in late pregnancy, by TCR clonotypes shared by intestine and mammary tissue in the same mouse, including intriguing gut TCR families. Putative counterparts of CD8αα+ IELs were found in human milk. Mammary T cells are thus poised to manage the transition from a non-mucosal tissue to a mucosal barrier during lactogenesis.
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3
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Garutti M, Bruno R, Polesel J, Pizzichetta MA, Puglisi F. Role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in melanoma prognosis and treatment strategies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32433. [PMID: 39183829 PMCID: PMC11341338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Numerous studies underscore the relevance of tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TILs) as important prognostic factors for melanoma. This meta-analysis aims to provide a comprehensive literature overview elucidating their role in predicting patient outcomes, specifically investigating the association between TIL density and prognosis. Methods From an initial pool of 6094 records, 16 met the eligibility criteria, encompassing a collective cohort of 16021 patients. Data on TIL counts, clinical characteristics, and survival metrics (5-year overall survival [5yOS], 10-year overall survival [10yOS], and 5-year melanoma-specific survival [5yMSS]) were extracted from each study and expressed as proportions. Results were graphically presented using forest plots, reporting the estimates from individual studies, summary estimates, and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Results Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in 5yOS concerning subgroup differences However, 10yOS and 5yMSS did not exhibit statistical significance. Nonetheless, a consistent trend emerged indicating a higher survival rate corresponding to increased immune cell density, ranging from absent TILs to brisk levels. Conclusions TILs present potential as a readily applicable prognostic factor. Yet, further investigations into their density and phenotypic subpopulation characteristics could enhance our understanding of their predictive value in tailoring optimal patient-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rachele Bruno
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pizzichetta
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, 34123, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
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4
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Rosetti F, Crispín JC. CD8 is down(regulated) for tolerance. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:442-453. [PMID: 38782625 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Activated CD8+ T cells directly kill target cells. Therefore, the regulation of their function is central to avoiding immunopathology. Mechanisms that curb effector functions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are mostly shared, yet important differences occur. Here, we focus on the control of CD8+ T cell activity and discuss the importance of a poorly understood aspect of tolerance that directly impairs engagement of target cells: the downregulation of CD8. We contextualize this process and propose that it represents a key element during CD8+ T cell modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florencia Rosetti
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José C Crispín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
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5
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Li F, Ouyang J, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Milon Essola J, Ali B, Wu X, Zhu M, Guo W, Liang XJ. Nanomedicine for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301770. [PMID: 36964936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cell immunotherapy offers outstanding advantages in the treatment of various diseases, and with the selection of appropriate targets, efficient disease treatment can be achieved. T-cell immunotherapy has made great progress, but clinical results show that only a small proportion of patients can benefit from T-cell immunotherapy. The extensive mechanistic work outlines a blueprint for using T cells as a new option for immunotherapy, but also presents new challenges, including the balance between different fractions of T cells, the inherent T-cell suppression patterns in the disease microenvironment, the acquired loss of targets, and the decline of T-cell viability. The diversity, flexibility, and intelligence of nanomedicines give them great potential for enhancing T-cell immunotherapy. Here, how T-cell immunotherapy strategies can be adapted with different nanomaterials to enhance therapeutic efficacy is discussed. For two different pathological states, immunosuppression and immune activation, recent advances in nanomedicines for T-cell immunotherapy in diseases such as cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes are summarized. With a focus on T-cell immunotherapy, this review highlights the outstanding advantages of nanomedicines in disease treatment, and helps advance one's understanding of the use of nanotechnology to enhance T-cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Ouyang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Zuqin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziran Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Julien Milon Essola
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Barkat Ali
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- Food Sciences Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Guo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Engineering & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Sugio T, Uchida N, Miyawaki K, Ohno Y, Eto T, Mori Y, Yoshimoto G, Kikushige Y, Kunisaki Y, Mizuno S, Nagafuji K, Iwasaki H, Kamimura T, Ogawa R, Miyamoto T, Taniguchi S, Akashi K, Kato K. Prognostic impact of HLA supertype mismatch in single-unit cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:466-472. [PMID: 38238452 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The "human leukocyte antigen (HLA) supertype" is a functional classification of HLA alleles, which was defined by structural features and peptide specificities, and has been reportedly associated with the clinical outcomes of viral infections and autoimmune diseases. Although the disparity in each HLA locus was reported to have no clinical significance in single-unit cord blood transplantation (sCBT), the clinical significance of the HLA supertype in sCBT remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 1603 patients who received sCBT in eight institutes in Japan between 2000 and 2017. Each HLA allele was categorized into 19 supertypes, and the prognostic effect of disparities was then assessed. An HLA-B supertype mismatch was identified as a poor prognostic factor (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, p = 0.00044) and was associated with a higher cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse (HR = 1.24, p = 0.013). However, an HLA-B supertype mismatch was not associated with the CI of acute and chronic graft-versus-host-disease. The multivariate analysis for relapse and PFS showed the significance of an HLA-B supertype mismatch independent of allelic mismatches, and other previously reported prognostic factors. HLA-B supertype-matched grafts should be selected in sCBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sugio
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Divisions of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohta Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuju Ohno
- Department of Hematology, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Goichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Kikushige
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kunisaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mizuno
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwasaki
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryosuke Ogawa
- Department of Hematology, JCHO Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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7
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Bremer SJ, Boxnick A, Glau L, Biermann D, Joosse SA, Thiele F, Billeb E, May J, Kolster M, Hackbusch R, Fortmann MI, Kozlik-Feldmann R, Hübler M, Tolosa E, Sachweh JS, Gieras A. Thymic Atrophy and Immune Dysregulation in Infants with Complex Congenital Heart Disease. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:69. [PMID: 38393459 PMCID: PMC10891212 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, and up to 50% of infants with CHD require cardiovascular surgery early in life. Current clinical practice often involves thymus resection during cardiac surgery, detrimentally affecting T-cell immunity. However, epidemiological data indicate that CHD patients face an elevated risk for infections and immune-mediated diseases, independent of thymectomy. Hence, we examined whether the cardiac defect impacts thymus function in individuals with CHD. We investigated thymocyte development in 58 infants categorized by CHD complexity. To assess the relationship between CHD complexity and thymic function, we analyzed T-cell development, thymic output, and biomarkers linked to cardiac defects, stress, or inflammation. Patients with highly complex CHD exhibit thymic atrophy, resulting in low frequencies of recent thymic emigrants in peripheral blood, even prior to thymectomy. Elevated plasma cortisol levels were detected in all CHD patients, while high NT-proBNP and IL-6 levels were associated with thymic atrophy. Our findings reveal an association between complex CHD and thymic atrophy, resulting in reduced thymic output. Consequently, thymus preservation during cardiovascular surgery could significantly enhance immune function and the long-term health of CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jolan Bremer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- University Children's Research, UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Boxnick
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Glau
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Biermann
- Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon A Joosse
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Thiele
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Billeb
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- University Children's Research, UCR@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan May
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Kolster
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Romy Hackbusch
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kozlik-Feldmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hübler
- Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Siegmar Sachweh
- Congenital and Pediatric Heart Surgery, Children's Heart Clinic, University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Gieras
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, N27, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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May JF, Kelly RG, Suen AYW, Kim J, Kim J, Anderson CC, Rayat GR, Baldwin TA. Establishment of CD8+ T Cell Thymic Central Tolerance to Tissue-Restricted Antigen Requires PD-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:271-283. [PMID: 37982696 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly self-reactive T cells are censored from the repertoire by both central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms upon receipt of high-affinity TCR signals. Clonal deletion is considered a major driver of central tolerance; however, other mechanisms such as induction of regulatory T cells and functional impairment have been described. An understanding of the interplay between these different central tolerance mechanisms is still lacking. We previously showed that impaired clonal deletion to a model tissue-restricted Ag did not compromise tolerance. In this study, we determined that murine T cells that failed clonal deletion were rendered functionally impaired in the thymus. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) was induced in the thymus and was required to establish cell-intrinsic tolerance to tissue-restricted Ag in CD8+ thymocytes independently of clonal deletion. In bone marrow chimeras, tolerance was not observed in PD-L1-deficient recipients, but tolerance was largely maintained following adoptive transfer of tolerant thymocytes or T cells to PD-L1-deficient recipients. However, CRISPR-mediated ablation of PD-1 in tolerant T cells resulted in broken tolerance, suggesting different PD-1 signaling requirements for establishing versus maintaining tolerance. Finally, we showed that chronic exposure to high-affinity Ag supported the long-term maintenance of tolerance. Taken together, our study identifies a critical role for PD-1 in establishing central tolerance in autoreactive T cells that escape clonal deletion. It also sheds light on potential mechanisms of action of anti-PD-1 pathway immune checkpoint blockade and the development of immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F May
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rees G Kelly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Y W Suen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeongbee Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeongwoo Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gina R Rayat
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, AB Diabetes and Transplant Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Iorio R, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic autoimmune neurologic disorders associated with thymoma. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:385-396. [PMID: 38494291 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Thymoma is often associated with paraneoplastic neurologic diseases. Neural autoantibody testing is an important tool aiding diagnosis of thymoma and its autoimmune neurologic complications. Autoantibodies specific for muscle striational antigens and ion channels of the ligand-gated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor superfamily are the most prevalent biomarkers. The autoimmune neurologic disorders associating most commonly with thymoma are myasthenia gravis (MG), peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (neuromyotonia and Morvan syndrome), dysautonomia, and encephalitis. Patients presenting with these neurologic disorders should be screened for thymoma at diagnosis. Although they can cause profound disability, they usually respond to immunotherapy and treatment of the thymoma. Worsening of the neurologic disorder following surgical removal of a thymoma may herald tumor recurrence. Prompt recognition of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders is critical for patient management. A multidisciplinary approach is required for optimal management of neurologic autoimmunity associated with thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Iorio
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vanda A Lennon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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10
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Titcombe PJ, Silva Morales M, Zhang N, Mueller DL. BATF represses BIM to sustain tolerant T cells in the periphery. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230183. [PMID: 37862030 PMCID: PMC10588758 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells that encounter self-antigens after exiting the thymus avert autoimmunity through peripheral tolerance. Pathways for this include an unresponsive state known as anergy, clonal deletion, and T regulatory (Treg) cell induction. The transcription factor cues and kinetics that guide distinct peripheral tolerance outcomes remain unclear. Here, we found that anergic T cells are epigenetically primed for regulation by the non-classical AP-1 family member BATF. Tolerized BATF-deficient CD4+ T cells were resistant to anergy induction and instead underwent clonal deletion due to proapoptotic BIM (Bcl2l11) upregulation. During prolonged antigen exposure, BIM derepression resulted in fewer PD-1+ conventional T cells as well as loss of peripherally induced FOXP3+ Treg cells. Simultaneous Batf and Bcl2l11 knockdown meanwhile restored anergic T cell survival and Treg cell maintenance. The data identify the AP-1 nuclear factor BATF as a dominant driver of sustained T cell anergy and illustrate a mechanism for divergent peripheral tolerance fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Titcombe
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Milagros Silva Morales
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel L. Mueller
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Le Voyer T, Parent AV, Liu X, Cederholm A, Gervais A, Rosain J, Nguyen T, Perez Lorenzo M, Rackaityte E, Rinchai D, Zhang P, Bizien L, Hancioglu G, Ghillani-Dalbin P, Charuel JL, Philippot Q, Gueye MS, Maglorius Renkilaraj MRL, Ogishi M, Soudée C, Migaud M, Rozenberg F, Momenilandi M, Riller Q, Imberti L, Delmonte OM, Müller G, Keller B, Orrego J, Franco Gallego WA, Rubin T, Emiroglu M, Parvaneh N, Eriksson D, Aranda-Guillen M, Berrios DI, Vong L, Katelaris CH, Mustillo P, Raedler J, Bohlen J, Bengi Celik J, Astudillo C, Winter S, McLean C, Guffroy A, DeRisi JL, Yu D, Miller C, Feng Y, Guichard A, Béziat V, Bustamante J, Pan-Hammarström Q, Zhang Y, Rosen LB, Holland SM, Bosticardo M, Kenney H, Castagnoli R, Slade CA, Boztuğ K, Mahlaoui N, Latour S, Abraham RS, Lougaris V, Hauck F, Sediva A, Atschekzei F, Sogkas G, Poli MC, Slatter MA, Palterer B, Keller MD, Pinzon-Charry A, Sullivan A, Droney L, Suan D, Wong M, Kane A, Hu H, Ma C, Grombiříková H, Ciznar P, Dalal I, Aladjidi N, Hie M, Lazaro E, Franco J, Keles S, Malphettes M, Pasquet M, Maccari ME, Meinhardt A, Ikinciogullari A, Shahrooei M, Celmeli F, Frosk P, Goodnow CC, Gray PE, Belot A, Kuehn HS, Rosenzweig SD, Miyara M, Licciardi F, Servettaz A, Barlogis V, Le Guenno G, Herrmann VM, Kuijpers T, Ducoux G, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Schuetz C, Cunningham-Rundles C, Rieux-Laucat F, Tangye SG, Sobacchi C, Doffinger R, Warnatz K, Grimbacher B, Fieschi C, Berteloot L, Bryant VL, Trouillet Assant S, Su H, Neven B, Abel L, Zhang Q, Boisson B, Cobat A, Jouanguy E, Kampe O, Bastard P, Roifman CM, Landegren N, Notarangelo LD, Anderson MS, Casanova JL, Puel A. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in humans with alternative NF-κB pathway deficiency. Nature 2023; 623:803-813. [PMID: 37938781 PMCID: PMC10665196 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1) caused by autosomal recessive AIRE deficiency produce autoantibodies that neutralize type I interferons (IFNs)1,2, conferring a predisposition to life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia3. Here we report that patients with autosomal recessive NIK or RELB deficiency, or a specific type of autosomal-dominant NF-κB2 deficiency, also have neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFNs and are at higher risk of getting life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. In patients with autosomal-dominant NF-κB2 deficiency, these autoantibodies are found only in individuals who are heterozygous for variants associated with both transcription (p52 activity) loss of function (LOF) due to impaired p100 processing to generate p52, and regulatory (IκBδ activity) gain of function (GOF) due to the accumulation of unprocessed p100, therefore increasing the inhibitory activity of IκBδ (hereafter, p52LOF/IκBδGOF). By contrast, neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFNs are not found in individuals who are heterozygous for NFKB2 variants causing haploinsufficiency of p100 and p52 (hereafter, p52LOF/IκBδLOF) or gain-of-function of p52 (hereafter, p52GOF/IκBδLOF). In contrast to patients with APS-1, patients with disorders of NIK, RELB or NF-κB2 have very few tissue-specific autoantibodies. However, their thymuses have an abnormal structure, with few AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells. Human inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway impair the development of AIRE-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells, thereby underlying the production of autoantibodies against type I IFNs and predisposition to viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xian Liu
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Axel Cederholm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Gervais
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malena Perez Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Elze Rackaityte
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Darawan Rinchai
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucy Bizien
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Gonca Hancioglu
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | | | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Department of Immunology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mame Sokhna Gueye
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camille Soudée
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Virology, Cochin-Saint-Vincent de Paul Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mana Momenilandi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Riller
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriele Müller
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center-University Hospital Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julio Orrego
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - William Alexander Franco Gallego
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Tamar Rubin
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Melike Emiroglu
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Clinical Genetics, Uppsala University and University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maribel Aranda-Guillen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David I Berrios
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda Vong
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Constance H Katelaris
- Immunology and Allergy, University of Western Sydney and Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Mustillo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Johannes Raedler
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bohlen
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jale Bengi Celik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Camila Astudillo
- Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sarah Winter
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV, Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurélien Guffroy
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Yu
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Corey Miller
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yi Feng
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vivien Béziat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, NIH, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steve M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather Kenney
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Dept Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- Dept Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kaan Boztuğ
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
- Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nizar Mahlaoui
- French National Reference Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies (CEREDIH), Necker-Enfants University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Activation and Susceptibility to EBV, Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Inserm UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia ASST-Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Georgios Sogkas
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Cecilia Poli
- Hospital de Niños Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mary A Slatter
- Children's Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Boaz Palterer
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael D Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alberto Pinzon-Charry
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology and Allergy, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anna Sullivan
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology and Allergy, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke Droney
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology and Allergy, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Suan
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alisa Kane
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Allergy and HIV, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hannah Hu
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Allergy and HIV, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cindy Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hana Grombiříková
- Centre for Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ciznar
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ilan Dalal
- Pediatric Department, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie Aladjidi
- Pediatric Oncology Hematology Unit, University Hospital, Plurithématique CIC (CICP), Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC) 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miguel Hie
- Internal Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Bordeaux Hospital University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jose Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sevgi Keles
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Marlene Pasquet
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Elena Maccari
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center-University Hospital Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Meinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunodeficiencies, University Children's Hospital Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aydan Ikinciogullari
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Shahrooei
- Dr. Shahrooei Lab, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fatih Celmeli
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Medical Science, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Patrick Frosk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul E Gray
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandre Belot
- CNRS UMR 5308, ENS, UCBL, Lyon, France
- National Reference Center for Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases in Children (RAISE), Lyon, France
- Immunopathology Federation LIFE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Department of Immunology, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1135, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Amélie Servettaz
- Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital Center, Reims, France
- IRMAIC EA 7509, URCA, Reims, France
| | - Vincent Barlogis
- CHU Marseille, Hôpital La Timone, Service d'Hémato-oncologie Pédiatrique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Vera-Maria Herrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Taco Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grégoire Ducoux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | | | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA), Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- CNR-IRGB, Milan Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiencies, Medical Center-University Hospital Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Clinical Immunology Department, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Laureline Berteloot
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Dept Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
- Dept Clinical Immunology and Allergy, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sophie Trouillet Assant
- Joint Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-BioMérieux, Lyon, France
- CIRI (Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie), Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS Lyon, Université Jean Monnet de Saint-Etienne, Lyon, France
| | - Helen Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, NIH, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benedicte Neven
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olle Kampe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Bastard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nils Landegren
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France.
- Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Revu SK, Yang W, Rajasundaram D, Brady A, Majumder S, Gaffen SL, Hawse W, Xia Z, McGeachy MJ. Human IL-17A protein production is controlled through a PIP5K1α-dependent translational checkpoint. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo6555. [PMID: 37874883 PMCID: PMC10880140 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17) is secreted by T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is beneficial for microbial control; however, it also causes inflammation and pathological tissue remodeling in autoimmunity. Hence, TH17 cell differentiation and IL-17 production must be tightly regulated, but, to date, this has been defined only in terms of transcriptional control. Phosphatidylinositols are second messengers produced during T cell activation that transduce signals from the T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory receptors at the plasma membrane. Here, we found that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) was enriched in the nuclei of human TH17 cells, which depended on the kinase PIP5K1α, and that inhibition of PIP5K1α impaired IL-17A production. In contrast, nuclear PIP2 enrichment was not observed in TH1 or TH2 cells, and these cells did not require PIP5K1α for cytokine production. In T cells from people with multiple sclerosis, IL-17 production elicited by myelin basic protein was blocked by PIP5K1α inhibition. IL-17 protein was affected without altering either the abundance or stability of IL17A mRNA in TH17 cells. Instead, analysis of PIP5K1α-associating proteins revealed that PIP5K1α interacted with ARS2, a nuclear cap-binding complex scaffold protein, to facilitate its binding to IL17A mRNA and subsequent IL-17A protein production. These findings highlight a transcription-independent, translation-dependent mechanism for regulating IL-17A protein production that might be relevant to other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar K. Revu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | | | - Alexander Brady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sarah L. Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William Hawse
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zongqi Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA
| | - Mandy J. McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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13
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Martinez RJ, Hogquist KA. The role of interferon in the thymus. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102389. [PMID: 37738858 PMCID: PMC10543640 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of proteins that are generated in response to viral infection and induce an antiviral response in many cell types. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that patients with inborn errors of type-I IFN immunity were more prone to severe infections, but also found that many patients with severe COVID-19 had anti-IFN autoantibodies that led to acquired defects in type-I IFN immunity. These findings revealed the previously unappreciated finding that central immune tolerance to IFN is essential to immune health. Further evidence has also highlighted the importance of IFN within the thymus and its impact on T-cell development. This review will highlight what is known of IFN's role in T-cell development, T-cell central tolerance, and the impact of IFN on the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Martinez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kristin A Hogquist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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14
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Elliot TAE, Lecky DAJ, Bending D. T-cell response to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies: from fundamental mechanisms to treatment signatures. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:967-977. [PMID: 37386922 PMCID: PMC10539945 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint immunotherapies act to block inhibitory receptors on the surface of T cells and other cells of the immune system. This can increase activation of immune cells and promote tumour clearance. Whilst this is very effective in some types of cancer, significant proportions of patients do not respond to single-agent immunotherapy. To improve patient outcomes, we must first mechanistically understand what drives therapy resistance. Many studies have utilised genetic, transcriptional, and histological signatures to find correlates of effective responses to treatment. It is key that we understand pretreatment predictors of response, but also to understand how the immune system becomes treatment resistant during therapy. Here, we review our understanding of the T-cell signatures that are critical for response, how these immune signatures change during treatment, and how this information can be used to rationally design therapeutic strategies. We highlight how chronic antigen recognition drives heterogeneous T-cell exhaustion and the role of T-cell receptor (TCR) signal strength in exhausted T-cell differentiation and molecular response to therapy. We explore how dynamic changes in negative feedback pathways can promote resistance to single-agent therapy. We speculate that this resistance may be circumvented in the future through identifying the most effective combinations of immunotherapies to promote sustained and durable antitumour responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A E Elliot
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David A J Lecky
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
| | - David Bending
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K
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15
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Cho E, Han S, Eom HS, Lee SJ, Han C, Singh R, Kim SH, Park BM, Kim BG, Kim YH, Kwon BS, Nam KT, Choi BK. Cross-Activation of Regulatory T Cells by Self Antigens Limits Self-Reactive and Activated CD8 + T Cell Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13672. [PMID: 37761976 PMCID: PMC10530955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between regulatory T (Treg) cells and self-reactive T cells is a crucial mechanism for maintaining immune tolerance. In this study, we investigated the cross-activation of Treg cells by self-antigens and its impact on self-reactive CD8+ T cell responses, with a focus on the P53 signaling pathway. We discovered that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I-restricted self-peptides not only activated CD8+ T cells but also induced the delayed proliferation of Treg cells. Following HLA-A*0201-restricted Melan-A-specific (pMelan) CD8+ T cells, we observed the direct expansion of Treg cells and concurrent suppression of pMelan+CD8+ T cell proliferation upon stimulation with Melan-A peptide. Transcriptome analysis revealed no significant alterations in specific signaling pathways in pMelan+CD8+ T cells that were co-cultured with activated Treg cells. However, there was a noticeable upregulation of genes involved in P53 accumulation, a critical regulator of cell survival and apoptosis. Consistent with such observation, the blockade of P53 induced a continuous proliferation of pMelan+CD8+ T cells. The concurrent stimulation of Treg cells through self-reactive TCRs by self-antigens provides insights into the immune system's ability to control activated self-reactive CD8+ T cells as part of peripheral tolerance, highlighting the intricate interplay between Treg cells and CD8+ T cells and implicating therapeutic interventions in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seongeun Han
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Hyeon Seok Eom
- Hematological Malignancy Center of the Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Chungyong Han
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Singh
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Park
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Gie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Young H. Kim
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom K. Choi
- Immuno-Oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea (S.-J.L.)
- Innobationbio, Co., Ltd., Mapo-gu, Seoul 03929, Republic of Korea
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16
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Moon B, Yang S, Moon H, Lee J, Park D. After cell death: the molecular machinery of efferocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1644-1651. [PMID: 37612408 PMCID: PMC10474042 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells constituting a multicellular organism die in a variety of ways throughout life, and most of them die via apoptosis under normal conditions. The occurrence of apoptosis is especially prevalent during development and in tissues with a high cellular turnover rate, such as the thymus and bone marrow. Interestingly, although the number of apoptotic cells produced daily is known to be innumerable in a healthy adult human body, apoptotic cells are rarely observed. This absence is due to the existence of a cellular process called efferocytosis that efficiently clears apoptotic cells. Studies over the past decades have focused on how phagocytes are able to remove apoptotic cells specifically, swiftly, and continuously, resulting in defined molecular and cellular events. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the clearance of apoptotic cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Susumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyunji Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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17
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Pircher H, Pinschewer DD, Boehm T. MHC I tetramer staining tends to overestimate the number of functionally relevant self-reactive CD8 T cells in the preimmune repertoire. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350402. [PMID: 37179469 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies that used peptide-MHC (pMHC) tetramers (tet) to identify self-specific T cells have questioned the effectiveness of thymic-negative selection. Here, we used pMHCI tet to enumerate CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant gp33 epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (GP) in mice transgenically engineered to express high levels of GP as a self-antigen in the thymus. In GP-transgenic mice (GP+ ), monoclonal P14 TCR+ CD8 T cells that express a GP-specific TCR could not be detected by gp33/Db -tet staining, indicative of their complete intrathymic deletion. By contrast, in the same GP+ mice, substantial numbers of polyclonal CD8 T cells identifiable by gp33/Db -tet were present. The gp33-tet staining profiles of polyclonal T cells from GP+ and GP-negative (GP- ) mice were overlapping, but mean fluorescence intensities were ∼15% lower in cells from GP+ mice. Remarkably, the gp33-tet+ T cells in GP+ mice failed to clonally expand after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, whereas those of GP- mice did so. In Nur77GFP -reporter mice, dose-dependent responses to gp33 peptide-induced TCR stimulation revealed that gp33-tet+ T cells with high ligand sensitivity are lacking in GP+ mice. Hence, pMHCI tet staining identifies self-specific CD8 T cells but tends to overestimate the number of truly self-reactive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanspeter Pircher
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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18
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of conditions characterized by aberrant B cell and T cell reactivity to normal constituents of the host. These diseases occur widely and affect individuals of all ages, especially women. Among these diseases, the most prominent immunological manifestation is the production of autoantibodies, which provide valuable biomarkers for diagnosis, classification and disease activity. Although T cells have a key role in pathogenesis, they are technically more difficult to assay. In general, autoimmune disease results from an interplay between a genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition to autoimmunity is complex and can involve multiple genes that regulate the function of immune cell populations. Less frequently, autoimmunity can result from single-gene mutations that affect key regulatory pathways. Infection seems to be a common trigger for autoimmune disease, although the microbiota can also influence pathogenesis. As shown in seminal studies, patients may express autoantibodies many years before the appearance of clinical or laboratory signs of disease - a period called pre-clinical autoimmunity. Monitoring autoantibody expression in at-risk populations may therefore enable early detection and the initiation of therapy to prevent or attenuate tissue damage. Autoimmunity may not be static, however, and remission can be achieved by some patients treated with current agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Pisetsky
- Duke University Medical Center, Medical Research Service, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Takahashi H, Iriki H, Asahina Y. T cell autoimmunity and immune regulation to desmoglein 3, a pemphigus autoantigen. J Dermatol 2023; 50:112-123. [PMID: 36539957 PMCID: PMC10107879 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is a life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease mediated by anti-desmoglein IgG autoantibodies. Pemphigus is mainly classified into three subtypes: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, and paraneoplastic pemphigus. The pathogenicity of autoantibodies has been extensively studied. Anti-human CD20 antibody therapy targeting B cells emerged as a more effective treatment option compared to conventional therapy for patients with an intractable disease. On the other hand, autoreactive T cells are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis based on the test results of human leukocyte antigen association, autoreactive T cell detection, and cytokine profile analysis. Research on the role of T cells in pemphigus has continued to progress, including that on T follicular helper cells, which initiate molecular mechanisms involved in antibody production in B cells. Autoreactive T cell research in mice has highlighted the crucial roles of cellular autoimmunity and improved the understanding of its pathogenesis, especially in paraneoplastic pemphigus. The mouse research has helped elucidate novel regulatory mechanisms of autoreactive T cells, such as thymic tolerance to desmoglein 3 and the essential roles of regulatory T cells, Langerhans cells, and other molecules in peripheral tissues. This review focuses on the immunological aspects of autoreactive T cells in pemphigus by providing detailed information on various related topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Iriki
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Katakai T. Yin and yang roles of B lymphocytes in solid tumors: Balance between antitumor immunity and immune tolerance/immunosuppression in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1088129. [PMID: 36761946 PMCID: PMC9902938 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1088129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of B cells in antitumor immunity has been reported to be either promotive or suppressive, but the specific mechanism remains to be comprehensively understood. However, this complicated situation likely depends on the temporal and spatial relationship between the developing tumor and B cells that recognize tumor antigens. Unlike responses against microbial or pathogenic infections, tumor cells are derived from autologous cells that have mutated and become aberrant; thus, elimination by the adaptive immune system is essentially inefficient. If tumor cells can evade immune attack at an early stage, non-destructive responses, such as tolerance and immunosuppression, are established over time. In tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), tumor antigen-reactive B cells potentially acquire immunoregulatory phenotypes and contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, triggering and enhancing antitumor responses by immunotherapies require selective control of these regulatory B cell subsets in TDLNs. In contrast, B cell infiltration and formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in tumors are positively correlated with therapeutic prognosis, suggesting that tumor antigen-specific activation of B cells and antibody production are advantageous for antitumor immunity in mid- to late-stage tumors. Given that the presence of B cells in tumor tissues may reflect the ongoing antitumor response in TDLNs, therapeutic induction and enhancement of these lymphocytes are expected to increase the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Therefore, B cells are promising targets, but the spatiotemporal balance of the subsets that exhibit opposite characteristics, that is, the protumor or antitumor state in TDLNs, should be understood, and strategies to separately control their functions should be developed to maximize the clinical outcome.
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21
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Gavish A, Chain B, Salame TM, Antebi YE, Nevo S, Reich-Zeliger S, Friedman N. From pseudo to real-time dynamics of T cell thymic differentiation. iScience 2022; 26:105826. [PMID: 36624839 PMCID: PMC9823121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous methods have recently emerged for ordering single cells along developmental trajectories. However, accurate depiction of developmental dynamics can only be achieved after rescaling the trajectory according to the relative time spent at each developmental point. We formulate a model which estimates local cell densities and fluxes, and incorporates cell division and apoptosis rates, to infer the real-time dimension of the developmental trajectory. We validate the model using mathematical simulations and apply it to experimental high dimensional cytometry data obtained from the mouse thymus to construct the true time profile of the thymocyte developmental process. Our method can easily be implemented in any of the existing tools for trajectory inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishai Gavish
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Corresponding author
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomer M. Salame
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaron E. Antebi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shlomit Reich-Zeliger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel,Corresponding author
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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22
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Jeyagaran A, Lu CE, Zbinden A, Birkenfeld AL, Brucker SY, Layland SL. Type 1 diabetes and engineering enhanced islet transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114481. [PMID: 36002043 PMCID: PMC9531713 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic approaches to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) relies on the precise understanding and deciphering of insulin-secreting β-cell biology, as well as the mechanisms responsible for their autoimmune destruction. β-cell or islet transplantation is viewed as a potential long-term therapy for the millions of patients with diabetes. To advance the field of insulin-secreting cell transplantation, two main research areas are currently investigated by the scientific community: (1) the identification of the developmental pathways that drive the differentiation of stem cells into insulin-producing cells, providing an inexhaustible source of cells; and (2) transplantation strategies and engineered transplants to provide protection and enhance the functionality of transplanted cells. In this review, we discuss the biology of pancreatic β-cells, pathology of T1D and current state of β-cell differentiation. We give a comprehensive view and discuss the different possibilities to engineer enhanced insulin-secreting cell/islet transplantation from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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23
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Manjili MH. The adaptation model of immunity: Is the goal of central tolerance to eliminate defective T cells or self-reactive T cells? Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13209. [PMID: 36239215 PMCID: PMC9539632 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The self-non-self model and the danger model are designed to understand how an immune response is induced. These models are not meant to predict if an immune response may succeed or fail in destroying/controlling its target. However, these immunological models rely on either self-antigens or self-dendritic cells for understanding of central tolerance, which have been discussed by Fuchs and Matzinger in response to Al-Yassin. In an attempt to address some questions that these models are facing when it comes to understanding central tolerance, I propose that the goal of negative selection in the thymus is to eliminate defective T cells but not self-reactive T cells. Therefore, any escape from negative selection could increase lymphopenia because of the depletion of defective naïve T cells outside the thymus, as seen in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, VCU School of MedicineVCU Massey Cancer CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
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24
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Gössling GCL, Zhen DB, Pillarisetty VG, Chiorean EG. Combination immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: challenges and future considerations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1173-1186. [PMID: 36045547 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have not yielded significant efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), despite the role of the innate and adaptive immune systems on progression and survival. However, recently identified pathways have identified new targets and generated promising clinical investigations into promoting an effective immune-mediated antitumor response in PDA. AREAS COVERED : We review biological mechanisms associated with immunotherapy resistance and outline strategies for therapeutic combinations with established and novel therapies in PDA. EXPERT OPINION : Pancreatic cancers rarely benefits from treatment with ICI due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). New understandings of factors associated with the suppressive TME, include low and poor quality neoantigens, constrained effector T cells infiltration, and the presence of a dense, suppressive myeloid cell population. These findings have been translated into new clinical investigations evaluating novel therapies in combination with ICI and/or standard systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The epithelial, immune, and stromal compartments are intricately related in PDA, and the framework for successful targeting of this disease requires a comprehensive and personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Zhen
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Venu G Pillarisetty
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Gabriela Chiorean
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tissue and circulating PD-L2: moving from health and immune-mediated diseases to head and neck oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 175:103707. [PMID: 35569724 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the chief targets of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), namely the Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-Ligands (Ls) axis, most research has focused on PD-L1, while to date PD-L2 is still under-investigated. However, emerging data support PD-L2 relevant expression in malignancies of the head and neck area, mostly in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and salivary gland cancers (SGCs). In this context, ICIs have achieved highly heterogeneous outcomes, emphasizing an urgent need for the identification of predictive biomarkers. With the present review, we aimed at describing PD-L2 biological significance by focusing on its tissue expression, its binding to PD-1 and RGMb receptors, and its impact on physiological and anti-cancer immune response. Specifically, we reported PD-L2 expression rates and significant clinical correlates among different head and neck cancer histotypes. Finally, we described the biology of soluble PD-L2 form and its potential application as a prognostic and/or predictive circulating biomarker.
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Novel treatment strategies for acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and related disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103104. [PMID: 35452851 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies directed against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the most common cause of myasthenia gravis (MG). These antibodies damage the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction and cause muscle weakness by depleting AChRs and thus impairing synaptic transmission. As one of the best-characterized antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases, AChR-MG has often served as a reference model for other autoimmune disorders. Classical pharmacological treatments, including broad-spectrum immunosuppressive drugs, are effective in many patients. However, complete remission cannot be achieved in all patients, and 10% of patients do not respond to currently used therapies. This may be attributed to production of autoantibodies by long-lived plasma cells which are resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Hence, novel therapies specifically targeting plasma cells might be a suitable therapeutic approach for selected patients. Additionally, in order to reduce side effects of broad-spectrum immunosuppression, targeted immunotherapies and symptomatic treatments will be required. This review presents established therapies as well as novel therapeutic approaches for MG and related conditions, with a focus on AChR-MG.
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Depletion of Ift88 in thymic epithelial cells affects thymic synapse and T-cell differentiation in aged mice. Anat Sci Int 2022; 97:409-422. [PMID: 35435578 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are ubiquitous hair-like organelles, usually projecting from the cell surface. They are essential for the organogenesis and homeostasis of various physiological functions, and their dysfunction leads to a plethora of human diseases. However, there are few reports on the role of primary cilia in the immune system; therefore, we focused on their role in the thymus that nurtures immature lymphocytes to full-fledged T cells. We detected primary cilia on the thymic epithelial cell (TEC) expressing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor in the basal body, and established a line of an intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88) knockout mice lacking primary cilia in TECs (Ift88-TEC null mutant) to clarify their precise role in thymic organogenesis and T-cell differentiation. The Ift88-TEC null mutant mice showed stunted cilia or lack of cilia in TECs. The intercellular contact between T cells and the "thymic synapse" of medullary TECs was slightly disorganized in Ift88-TEC null mutants. Notably, the CD4- and CD8-single positive thymocyte subsets increased significantly. The absence or disorganization of thymic cilia downregulated the TGF-β signaling cascade, increasing the number of single positive thymocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the physiological role of primary cilia and Ift88 in regulating the differentiation of the thymus and T cells.
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Muralidhara P, Sood V, Vinayak Ashok V, Bansal K. Pregnancy and Tumour: The Parallels and Differences in Regulatory T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866937. [PMID: 35493450 PMCID: PMC9043683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological tolerance plays a critical role during pregnancy as semi-allogeneic fetus must be protected from immune responses during the gestational period. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that express transcription factor Foxp3, are central to the maintenance of immunological tolerance and prevention of autoimmunity. Tregs are also known to accumulate at placenta in uterus during pregnancy, and they confer immunological tolerance at maternal-fetal interface by controlling the immune responses against alloantigens. Thus, uterine Tregs help in maintaining an environment conducive for survival of the fetus during gestation, and low frequency or dysfunction of Tregs is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortions and other pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia. Interestingly, there are many parallels in the development of placenta and solid tumours, and the tumour microenvironment is considered to be somewhat similar to that at maternal-fetal interface. Moreover, Tregs play a largely similar role in tumour immunity as they do at placenta- they create a tolerogenic system and suppress the immune responses against the cells within tumour and at maternal-fetal interface. In this review, we discuss the role of Tregs in supporting the proper growth of the embryo during pregnancy. We also highlight the similarities and differences between Tregs at maternal-fetal interface and tumour Tregs, in an attempt to draw a comparison between their roles in these two physiologic and pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kushagra Bansal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
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Monteleone-Cassiano AC, Dernowsek JA, Mascarenhas RS, Assis AF, Pitol D, Santos Moreira NC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Issa JPM, Donadi EA, Passos GA. The absence of the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) impairs the three-dimensional structure of medullary thymic epithelial cell spheroids. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:15. [PMID: 35331137 PMCID: PMC8952272 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides controlling the expression of peripheral tissue antigens, the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene also regulates the expression of adhesion genes in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), an essential process for mTEC-thymocyte interaction for triggering the negative selection in the thymus. For these processes to occur, it is necessary that the medulla compartment forms an adequate three-dimensional (3D) architecture, preserving the thymic medulla. Previous studies have shown that AIRE knockout (KO) mice have a small and disorganized thymic medulla; however, whether AIRE influences the mTEC-mTEC interaction in the maintenance of the 3D structure has been little explored. Considering that AIRE controls cell adhesion genes, we hypothesized that this gene affects 3D mTEC-mTEC interaction. To test this, we constructed an in vitro model system for mTEC spheroid formation, in which cells adhere to each other, establishing a 3D structure. Results The comparisons between AIRE wild type (AIREWT) and AIRE KO (AIRE−/−) 3D mTEC spheroid formation showed that the absence of AIRE: i) disorganizes the 3D structure of mTEC spheroids, ii) increases the proportion of cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, iii) increases the rate of mTEC apoptosis, iv) decreases the strength of mTEC-mTEC adhesion, v) promotes a differential regulation of mTEC classical surface markers, and vi) modulates genes encoding adhesion and other molecules. Conclusions Overall, the results show that AIRE influences the 3D structuring of mTECs when these cells begin the spheroid formation through controlling cell adhesion genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Monteleone-Cassiano
- Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina A Dernowsek
- Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Romario S Mascarenhas
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Freire Assis
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius Pitol
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elza Tiemi Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Mardegan Issa
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Aleixo Passos
- Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. .,Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Center for Cell-Based Therapy in Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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30
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Shiraki H, Tanaka S, Guo Y, Harada K, Hide I, Yasuda T, Sakai N. Potential role of inducible GPR3 expression under stimulated T cell conditions. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:307-314. [PMID: 35177210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 3 (GPR3) constitutively activates Gαs proteins without any ligands and is predominantly expressed in neurons. Since the expression and physiological role of GPR3 in immune cells is still unknown, we examined the possible role of GPR3 in T lymphocytes. The expression of GPR3 was upregulated 2 h after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin stimulation and was sustained in Jurkat cells, a human T lymphocyte cell line. In addition, the expression of nuclear receptor 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2) was highly modulated by GPR3 expression. Additionally, GPR3 expression was linked with the transcriptional promoter activity of NR4A in Jurkat cells. In mouse CD4+ T cells, transient GPR3 expression was induced immediately after the antigen receptor stimulation. However, the expression of NR4A2 was not modulated in CD4+ T cells from GPR3-knockout mice after stimulation, and the population of Treg cells in thymocytes and splenocytes was not affected by GPR3 knockout. By contrast, spontaneous effector activation in both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells was observed in GPR3-knockout mice. In summary, GPR3 is immediately induced by T cell stimulation and play an important role in the suppression of effector T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Shiraki
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Izumi Hide
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Norio Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Bigley TM, Yang L, Kang LI, Saenz JB, Victorino F, Yokoyama WM. Disruption of thymic central tolerance by infection with murine roseolovirus induces autoimmune gastritis. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213039. [PMID: 35226043 PMCID: PMC8932538 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with herpesviruses, including human roseoloviruses, have been proposed to cause autoimmune disease, but defining a causal relationship and mechanism has been difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of infection and development of autoimmunity long after acute infection. Murine roseolovirus (MRV) is highly related to human roseoloviruses. Herein we show that neonatal MRV infection induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in adult mice in the absence of ongoing infection. MRV-induced AIG was dependent on replication during the neonatal period and was CD4+ T cell and IL-17 dependent. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection was associated with development of a wide array of autoantibodies in adult mice. Finally, neonatal MRV infection reduced medullary thymic epithelial cell numbers, thymic dendritic cell numbers, and thymic expression of AIRE and tissue-restricted antigens, in addition to increasing thymocyte apoptosis at the stage of negative selection. These findings strongly suggest that infection with a roseolovirus early in life results in disruption of central tolerance and development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarin M. Bigley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Liang-I Kang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jose B. Saenz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Francisco Victorino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Wayne M. Yokoyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Rahiman N, Mohammadi M, Alavizadeh SH, Arabi L, Badiee A, Jaafari MR. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-mediated approaches for restoration of multiple sclerosis. J Control Release 2022; 343:620-644. [PMID: 35176392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with complicated immunopathology which necessitates considering multifactorial aspects for its management. Nano-sized pharmaceutical carriers named nanoparticles (NPs) can support impressive management of disease not only in early detection and prognosis level but also in a therapeutic manner. The most prominent initiator of MS is the domination of cellular immunity to humoral immunity and increment of inflammatory cytokines. The administration of several platforms of NPs for MS management holds great promise so far. The efforts for MS management through in vitro and in vivo (experimental animal models) evaluations, pave a new way to a highly efficient therapeutic means and aiding its translation to the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Department of pharmaceutics, School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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33
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Tumour mutational burden: an overview for pathologists. Pathology 2022; 54:249-253. [PMID: 35153070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy holds great promise and has shown durable responses in many patients; however, these responses are not uniform in all patients or all tumour streams. There is an ongoing clinical need for objective diagnostic biomarkers to identify patients that will respond to immunotherapies. Tumour mutational burden (TMB) is a diagnostic biomarker that can stratify cancer patients for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. It is commonly defined as the average number of somatic mutations per megabase in a tumour exome. Here we describe the TMB biomarker, how it is determined, its underlying molecular basis, the relationship to neoantigens and the issues around its clinical use. This overview is directed toward practising pathologists wishing to be informed of this predictive biomarker.
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Alawam AS, Cosway EJ, James KD, Lucas B, Bacon A, Parnell SM, White AJ, Jenkinson WE, Anderson G. Failures in thymus medulla regeneration during immune recovery cause tolerance loss and prime recipients for auto-GVHD. J Exp Med 2022; 219:212911. [PMID: 34910105 PMCID: PMC8679781 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a widely used therapy for blood cancers and primary immunodeficiency. Following transplant, the thymus plays a key role in immune reconstitution by generating a naive αβT cell pool from transplant-derived progenitors. While donor-derived thymopoiesis during the early post-transplant period is well studied, the ability of the thymus to synchronize T cell development with essential tolerance mechanisms is poorly understood. Using a syngeneic mouse transplant model, we analyzed T cell recovery alongside the regeneration and function of intrathymic microenvironments. We report a specific and prolonged failure in the post-transplant recovery of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). This manifests as loss of medulla-dependent tolerance mechanisms, including failures in Foxp3+ regulatory T cell development and formation of the intrathymic dendritic cell pool. In addition, defective negative selection enables escape of self-reactive conventional αβT cells that promote autoimmunity. Collectively, we show that post-transplant T cell recovery involves an uncoupling of thymopoiesis from thymic tolerance, which results in autoimmune reconstitution caused by failures in thymic medulla regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S Alawam
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emilie J Cosway
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kieran D James
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beth Lucas
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea Bacon
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonia M Parnell
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea J White
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - William E Jenkinson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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35
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Targeting PTPN22 does not enhance the efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumours. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0044921. [PMID: 35041491 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00449-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionised the treatment of certain B cell malignancies, but has been in ineffective against solid tumours. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeting negative regulators of T cell signalling to enhance the efficacy and extend the utility of CAR T cells to solid tumours. Autoimmunity-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) has been proposed as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Here we have used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing to generate PTPN22-deficient (Ptpn22Δ/Δ) mice (C57BL/6) and assessed the impact of PTPN22 deficiency on the cytotoxicity and efficacy of CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. As reported previously, PTPN22 deficiency was accompanied by the promotion of effector T cell responses ex vivo and the repression of syngeneic tumour growth in vivo. However, PTPN22-deficiency did not enhance the cytotoxic activity of murine CAR T cells targeting the extracellular domain of the human oncoprotein HER2 in vitro. Moreover, PTPN22-deficient α-HER2 CAR T cells or ovalbumin-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells adoptively transferred into mice bearing HER2+ mammary tumours or ovalbumin-expressing mammary or colorectal tumours respectively were no more effective than their wild type counterparts in suppressing tumour growth. The deletion of PTPN22 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing also did not affect the cytotoxic activity of human CAR T cells targeting the Lewis Y antigen that is expressed by many human solid tumours. Therefore, PTPN22-deficiency does not enhance the anti-tumour activity of CAR T cells in solid organ malignancies.
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36
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Loda E, Arellano G, Perez-Giraldo G, Miller SD, Balabanov R. Can Immune Tolerance Be Re-established in Neuromyelitis Optica? Front Neurol 2022; 12:783304. [PMID: 34987468 PMCID: PMC8721118 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.783304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal cord of patients, and in some instances their brainstem, diencephalon or cerebrum as spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Clinical and basic science knowledge of NMO has dramatically increased over the last two decades and it has changed the perception of the disease as being inevitably disabling or fatal. Nonetheless, there is still no cure for NMO and all the disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are only partially effective. Furthermore, DMTs are not disease- or antigen-specific and alter all immune responses including those protective against infections and cancer and are often associated with significant adverse reactions. In this review, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of NMO as they pertain to its DMTs and immune tolerance. We also examine novel research therapeutic strategies focused on induction of antigen-specific immune tolerance by administrating tolerogenic immune-modifying nanoparticles (TIMP). Development and implementation of immune tolerance-based therapies in NMO is likely to be an important step toward improving the treatment outcomes of the disease. The antigen-specificity of these therapies will likely ameliorate the disease safely and effectively, and will also eliminate the clinical challenges associated with chronic immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileah Loda
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gabriel Arellano
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gina Perez-Giraldo
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roumen Balabanov
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Peripheral tolerance by Treg via constraining OX40 signal in autoreactive T cells against desmoglein 3, a target antigen in pemphigus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026763118. [PMID: 34848535 PMCID: PMC8670434 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026763118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance is crucial to prevent harmful immune reactions against self-antigens and well operated by central thymic tolerance and peripheral tissue tolerance. However, peripheral tolerance had been investigated under influence from thymic tolerance. We successfully decoupled peripheral tolerance from thymic tolerance by utilizing autoantigen-deficient thymus. Experiments revealed that self-antigen presentation in steady state initiated proliferation but subsequent disappearance of autoreactive CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes. After screening of representative candidates, including Ctla4, autoimmune regulator, and Pd-1, the mechanism was found to depend on regulatory T cell (Treg) function that constrained OX40 signaling of the T cells. This study presented fundamental, but potent, Treg-mediated tolerance mechanisms of peripheral tissues to prevent autoimmunity as compensatory roles for central tolerance. Antigen-specific peripheral tolerance is crucial to prevent the development of organ-specific autoimmunity. However, its function decoupled from thymic tolerance remains unclear. We used desmoglein 3 (Dsg3), a pemphigus antigen expressed in keratinocytes, to analyze peripheral tolerance under physiological antigen-expression conditions. Dsg3-deficient thymi were transplanted into athymic mice to create a unique condition in which Dsg3 was expressed only in peripheral tissue but not in the thymus. When bone marrow transfer was conducted from high-avidity Dsg3-specific T cell receptor–transgenic mice to thymus-transplanted mice, Dsg3-specific CD4+ T cells developed in the transplanted thymus but subsequently disappeared in the periphery. Additionally, when Dsg3-specific T cells developed in Dsg3−/− mice were adoptively transferred into Dsg3-sufficient recipients, the T cells disappeared in an antigen-specific manner without inducing autoimmune dermatitis. However, Dsg3-specific T cells overcame this disappearance and thus induced autoimmune dermatitis in Treg-ablated recipients but not in Foxp3-mutant recipients with dysfunctional Tregs. The molecules involved in disappearance were sought by screening the transcriptomes of wild-type and Foxp3-mutant Tregs. OX40 of Tregs was suggested to be responsible. Consistently, when OX40 expression of Tregs was constrained, Dsg3-specific T cells did not disappear. Furthermore, Tregs obtained OX40L from dendritic cells in an OX40-dependent manner in vitro and then suppressed OX40L expression in dendritic cells and Birc5 expression in Dsg3-specific T cells in vivo. Lastly, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of OX40 signaling in Dsg3-specific T cells restored their disappearance in Treg-ablated recipients. Thus, Treg-mediated peripheral deletion of autoreactive T cells operates as an OX40-dependent regulatory mechanism to avoid undesired autoimmunity besides thymic tolerance.
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Rahiman N, Zamani P, Badiee A, Arabi L, Alavizadeh SH, Jaafari MR. An insight into the role of liposomal therapeutics in the reversion of Multiple Sclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1795-1813. [PMID: 34747298 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune disease, has complicated immunopathology, which makes its management relevant to various factors. Novel pharmaceutical vehicles, especially liposomes, can support efficacious handling of this disease both in early detection and prognosis and also in a therapeutic manner. The most well-known trigger of MS onset is the predominance of cellular to humoral immunity and enhancement of inflammatory cytokines level. The installation of liposomes as nanoparticles to control this disease holds great promise up to now. AREAS COVERED Various types of liposomes with different properties and purposes have been formulated and targeted immune cells with their surface manipulations. They may be encapsulated with anti-inflammatory, MS-related therapeutics, or immunodominant myelin-specific peptides for attaining a higher therapeutic efficacy of the drugs or tolerance induction. Cationic liposomes are also highly applicable for gene delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokines or silencing the inflammatory cytokines. Liposomes have also been used as biotools for comprehending MS pathomechanisms or as diagnostic agents. EXPERT OPINION The efforts to manage MS through nanomedicine, especially liposomal therapeutics, pave a new avenue to a high-throughput medication of this autoimmune disease and their translation to the clinic in the future for overcoming the challenges that MS patients confront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen L, Ren M, Cao J, Sang H, Chen H, Xu A, Zhao M. Zuogui Wan alleviated maternal kidney-yin deficiency-induced thymic epithelial cell dysfunction in newborn rats through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:114337. [PMID: 34146629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-yin deficiency (KYD) during pregnancy is common and associated with possibility of thymus hypoplasia in neonates. Zuogui Wan (ZGW) is a classic traditional medicine to treat KYD. AIM OF STUDY The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for thymic epithelial cell (TEC) viability, function and for thymus integrity. We evaluated whether maternal diets with ZGW in KYD rats ameliorates epithelial cell dysfunction in the fetal thymus, and investigated its underlying mechanism in which the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 8). Two experimental groups received KYD induction with or without ZGW supplementation. The other 2 vehicle groups were sham operated and administrated with normal saline or ZGW. KYD was established using periodically chronic shaken stimulus and threaten stress. Success of the model induction was evaluated by the general observation, changing of the body weight and plasma thyroxine level. Then, pregnant of vehicle and KYD rats were fed with or without ZGW-supplemented diet throughout the F1 gestation. Postnatal thymi samples were obtained after delivery for histological examination. In vitro, TECs of the newborn rats whose mother suffered KYD were isolated, and cultured using the serum containing ZGW with or without the supplement of Wnt4/β-catenin pathway inhibitor ICG-001. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Meanwhile, the thymi tissues and TECs were collected for biochemical analysis. Levels of thymosin β4 (TMSβ4) and thymosin α1 (Tα1) were detected by ELISA assay. The mRNA and protein expression of Wnt4, β-catenin, and Foxn1 were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot respectively. RESULTS In vivo, KYD resulted in significantly increased apoptosis of TECs and atrophy of the thymi, especially in the medullary zone. The morphological changes observed in KYD rats were ameliorated by ZGW treatment. Meanwhile, the decreased TMSβ4, Tα1, Wnt4, β-catenin, and Foxn1 levels in KYD rats were also significantly alleviated by ZGW administration. In vitro, elevated TMSβ4 and Tα1 levels accompanied with upregulated Wnt4, β-catenin, and Foxn1 expressions in the TECs were observed after ZGW intervention, however, which were significantly downregulated by ICG-001 supplement. CONCLUSIONS Maternal kidney-yin deficiency could result in TEC dysfunction in newborn rats. ZGW was able to improve the growth and development of TEC, potentially by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Chen
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Meirong Ren
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Jigang Cao
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Hongling Sang
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Clinical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Huimin Chen
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Anli Xu
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- 1 Huangjiahu Road, Basic Medical Division, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China.
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Cieri N, Maurer K, Wu CJ. 60 Years Young: The Evolving Role of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4373-4384. [PMID: 34108142 PMCID: PMC8416782 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 marked the 30th anniversary of the Nobel Prize in Medicine awarded to E. Donnall Thomas for the development of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) to treat hematologic malignancies and other blood disorders. Dr. Thomas, "father of bone marrow transplantation," first developed and reported this technique in 1957, and in the ensuing decades, this seminal study has impacted fundamental work in hematology and cancer research, including advances in hematopoiesis, stem cell biology, tumor immunology, and T-cell biology. As the first example of cancer immunotherapy, understanding the mechanisms of antitumor biology associated with allo-HSCT has given rise to many of the principles used today in the development and implementation of novel transformative immunotherapies. Here we review the historical basis underpinning the development of allo-HSCT as well as advances in knowledge obtained by defining mechanisms of allo-HSCT activity. We review how these principles have been translated to novel immunotherapies currently utilized in clinical practice and describe potential future applications for allo-HSCT in cancer research and development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Katie Maurer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in the Pathogenesis of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179486. [PMID: 34502395 PMCID: PMC8431165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, cells, antigens, and other factors exit the brain into the periphery via damaged blood–brain barrier cells, glymphatic transport mechanisms, and lymphatic vessels, which dramatically influence the systemic immune response and lead to complex neuroimmune communication. As a result, the immunological response after stroke is a highly dynamic event that involves communication between multiple organ systems and cell types, with significant consequences on not only the initial stroke tissue injury but long-term recovery in the CNS. In this review, we discuss the complex immunological and physiological interactions that occur after stroke with a focus on how the peripheral immune system and CNS communicate to regulate post-stroke brain homeostasis. First, we discuss the post-stroke immune cascade across different contexts as well as homeostatic regulation within the brain. Then, we focus on the lymphatic vessels surrounding the brain and their ability to coordinate both immune response and fluid homeostasis within the brain after stroke. Finally, we discuss how therapeutic manipulation of peripheral systems may provide new mechanisms to treat stroke injury.
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Boulet S, Odagiu L, Dong M, Lebel MÈ, Daudelin JF, Melichar HJ, Labrecque N. NR4A3 Mediates Thymic Negative Selection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1055-1064. [PMID: 34312259 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Central tolerance aims to limit the production of T lymphocytes bearing TCR with high affinity for self-peptide presented by MHC molecules. The accumulation of thymocytes with such receptors is limited by negative selection or by diversion into alternative differentiation, including T regulatory cell commitment. A role for the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3 in negative selection has been suggested, but its function in this process has never been investigated. We find that Nr4a3 transcription is upregulated in postselection double-positive thymocytes, particularly those that have received a strong selecting signal and are destined for negative selection. Indeed, we found an accumulation of cells bearing a negative selection phenotype in NR4A3-deficient mice as compared with wild-type controls, suggesting that Nr4a3 transcriptional induction is necessary to limit accumulation of self-reactive thymocytes. This is consistent with a decrease of cleaved caspase-3+-signaled thymocytes and more T regulatory and CD4+Foxp3-HELIOS+ cells in the NR4A3-deficient thymus. We further tested the role for NR4A3 in negative selection by reconstituting transgenic mice expressing the OVA Ag under the control of the insulin promoter with bone marrow cells from OT-I Nr4a3 +/+ or OT-I Nr4a3 -/- mice. Accumulation of autoreactive CD8 thymocytes and autoimmune diabetes developed only in the absence of NR4A3. Overall, our results demonstrate an important role for NR4A3 in T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salix Boulet
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Livia Odagiu
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Mengqi Dong
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Heather J Melichar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Labrecque
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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43
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Tabana Y, Moon TC, Siraki A, Elahi S, Barakat K. Reversing T-cell exhaustion in immunotherapy: a review on current approaches and limitations. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:347-363. [PMID: 34056985 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1937123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:T cell functions are altered during chronic viral infections and tumor development. This is mainly manifested by significant changes in T cells' epigenetic and metabolic landscapes, pushing them into an 'exhausted' state. Reversing this T cell exhaustion has been emerging as a 'game-changing' therapeutic approach against cancer and chronic viral infection.Areas covered:This review discusses the cellular pathways related to T cell exhaustion, and the clinical development and possible cellular targets that can be exploited therapeutically to reverse this exhaustion. We searched various databases (e.g. Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, and other scientific database sites) using the keywords T cell exhaustion, T cell activation, co-inhibitory receptors, and reversing T cell exhaustion.Expert opinion:The discovery of the immune checkpoints pathways represents a significant milestone toward understanding and reversing T cell exhaustion. Antibodies that target these pathways have already demonstrated promising activities in reversing T cell exhaustion. Nevertheless, there are still many associated limitations. In this context, next-generation alternatives are on the horizon. This includes the use of small molecules to block the immune checkpoints' receptors, combining them with other treatments, and identifying novel, safer and more effective immunotherapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tae Chul Moon
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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44
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Bassan D, Gozlan YM, Sharbi-Yunger A, Tzehoval E, Greenstein E, Bitan L, Friedman N, Eisenbach L. Avidity optimization of a MAGE-A1-specific TCR with somatic hypermutation. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1505-1518. [PMID: 33835499 PMCID: PMC8252751 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A T‐cell receptor (TCR) with optimal avidity to a tumor antigen can be used to redirect T cells to eradicate cancer cells via adoptive cell transfer. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are attractive targets because they are expressed in the testis, which is immune‐privileged, and in the tumor. However, CTAs are self‐antigens and natural TCRs to CTAs have low affinity/avidity due to central tolerance. We previously described a method of directed evolution of TCR avidity using somatic hypermutation. In this study, we made several improvements to this method and enhanced the avidity of the hT27 TCR, which is specific for the cancer testis antigen HLA‐A2‐MAGE‐A1278‐286. We identified eight point mutations with varying degrees of improved avidity. Human T cells transduced with TCRs containing these mutations displayed enhanced tetramer binding, IFN‐γ and IL2 production, and cytotoxicity. Most of the mutations have retained specificity, except for one mutant with extremely high avidity. We demonstrate that somatic hypermutation is capable of optimizing avidity of clinically relevant TCRs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bassan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosi Meir Gozlan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Sharbi-Yunger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Esther Tzehoval
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lidor Bitan
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lea Eisenbach
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Truckenbrod EN, Burrack KS, Knutson TP, Borges da Silva H, Block KE, O'Flanagan SD, Stagliano KR, Hurwitz AA, Fulton RB, Renkema KR, Jameson SC. CD8 + T cell self-tolerance permits responsiveness but limits tissue damage. eLife 2021; 10:65615. [PMID: 33929324 PMCID: PMC8147182 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-specific CD8+T cells can escape clonal deletion, but the properties and capabilities of such cells in a physiological setting are unclear. We characterized polyclonal CD8+ T cells specific for the melanocyte antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2 (Trp2) in mice expressing or lacking this enzyme (due to deficiency in Dct, which encodes Trp2). Phenotypic and gene expression profiles of pre-immune Trp2/Kb-specific cells were similar; the size of this population was only slightly reduced in wild-type (WT) compared to Dct-deficient (Dct-/-) mice. Despite comparable initial responses to Trp2 immunization, WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells showed blunted expansion and less readily differentiated into a CD25+proliferative population. Functional self-tolerance clearly emerged when assessing immunopathology: adoptively transferred WT Trp2/Kb-specific cells mediated vitiligo much less efficiently. Hence, CD8+ T cell self-specificity is poorly predicted by precursor frequency, phenotype, or even initial responsiveness, while deficient activation-induced CD25 expression and other gene expression characteristics may help to identify functionally tolerant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina S Burrack
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Todd P Knutson
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | | | - Katharine E Block
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | | | - Katie R Stagliano
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Arthur A Hurwitz
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Ross B Fulton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Kristin R Renkema
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, United States
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Egwuagu CE, Alhakeem SA, Mbanefo EC. Uveitis: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:623725. [PMID: 33995347 PMCID: PMC8119754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.623725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The profound impact that vision loss has on human activities and quality of life necessitates understanding the etiology of potentially blinding diseases and their clinical management. The unique anatomic features of the eye and its sequestration from peripheral immune system also provides a framework for studying other diseases in immune privileged sites and validating basic immunological principles. Thus, early studies of intraocular inflammatory diseases (uveitis) were at the forefront of research on organ transplantation. These studies laid the groundwork for foundational discoveries on how immune system distinguishes self from non-self and established current concepts of acquired immune tolerance and autoimmunity. Our charge in this review is to examine how advances in molecular cell biology and immunology over the past 3 decades have contributed to the understanding of mechanisms that underlie immunopathogenesis of uveitis. Particular emphasis is on how advances in biotechnology have been leveraged in developing biologics and cell-based immunotherapies for uveitis and other neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Egwuagu
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sahar A Alhakeem
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Evaristus C Mbanefo
- Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute (NEI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Montamat G, Leonard C, Poli A, Klimek L, Ollert M. CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:590054. [PMID: 33708195 PMCID: PMC7940844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.590054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases have increased over the past years in developed and developing countries. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only curative treatment available for allergic diseases that has long-term efficacy. Although AIT has been proven successful as an immunomodulatory therapy since its beginnings, it still faces several unmet needs and challenges today. For instance, some patients can experience severe side effects, others are non-responders, and prolonged treatment schedules can lead to lack of patient adherence and therapy discontinuation. A common strategy to improve AIT relies on the use of adjuvants and immune modulators to boost its effects and improve its safety. Among the adjuvants tested for their clinical efficacy, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was investigated with limited success and without reaching phase III trials for clinical allergy treatment. However, recently discovered immune tolerance-promoting properties of CpG-ODN place this adjuvant again in a prominent position as an immune modulator for the treatment of allergic diseases. Indeed, it has been shown that the CpG-ODN dose and concentration are crucial in promoting immune regulation through the recruitment of pDCs. While low doses induce an inflammatory response, high doses of CpG-ODN trigger a tolerogenic response that can reverse a pre-established allergic milieu. Consistently, CpG-ODN has also been found to stimulate IL-10 producing B cells, so-called B regulatory cells (Bregs). Accordingly, CpG-ODN has shown its capacity to prevent and revert allergic reactions in several animal models showing its potential as both preventive and active treatment for IgE-mediated allergy. In this review, we describe how CpG-ODN-based therapies for allergic diseases, despite having shown limited success in the past, can still be exploited further as an adjuvant or immune modulator in the context of AIT and deserves additional attention. Here, we discuss the past and current knowledge, which highlights CpG-ODN as a potential adjuvant to be reevaluated for the enhancement of AIT when used in appropriate conditions and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Montamat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cathy Leonard
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Centre for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Clark M, Kroger CJ, Ke Q, Tisch RM. The Role of T Cell Receptor Signaling in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615371. [PMID: 33603744 PMCID: PMC7884625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling influences multiple aspects of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunobiology including thymic development, peripheral homeostasis, effector subset differentiation/function, and memory formation. Additional T cell signaling cues triggered by co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines also affect TCR signaling duration, as well as accessory pathways that further shape a T cell response. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease targeting the insulin producing β cells in the pancreas. Evidence indicates that dysregulated TCR signaling events in T1D impact the efficacy of central and peripheral tolerance-inducing mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss how the strength and nature of TCR signaling events influence the development of self-reactive T cells and drive the progression of T1D through effects on T cell gene expression, lineage commitment, and maintenance of pathogenic anti-self T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Damo M, Fitzgerald B, Lu Y, Nader M, William I, Cheung JF, Connolly KA, Foster GG, Akama-Garren E, Lee DY, Chang GP, Gocheva V, Schmidt LM, Boileve A, Wilson JH, Cui C, Monroy I, Gokare P, Cabeceiras P, Jacks T, Joshi NS. Inducible de novo expression of neoantigens in tumor cells and mice. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:64-73. [PMID: 32719479 PMCID: PMC7854852 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inducible expression of neoantigens in mice would enable the study of endogenous antigen-specific naïve T cell responses in disease and infection, but has been difficult to generate because leaky antigen expression in the thymus results in central T cell tolerance. Here we develop inversion-induced joined neoantigen (NINJA), using RNA splicing, DNA recombination and three levels of regulation to prevent leakiness and allow tight control over neoantigen expression. We apply NINJA to create tumor cell lines with inducible neoantigen expression, which could be used to study antitumor immunity. We also show that the genetic regulation in NINJA mice bypasses central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms and allows for robust endogenous CD8 and CD4 T cell responses on neoantigen induction in peripheral tissues. NINJA will enable studies of how T cells respond to defined neoantigens in the context of peripheral tolerance, transplantation, autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Brittany Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yisi Lu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mursal Nader
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ivana William
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Julie F. Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kelli A. Connolly
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gena G. Foster
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Elliot Akama-Garren
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Da-Yae Lee
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Greg P. Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vasilena Gocheva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Leah M. Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alice Boileve
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Josephine H. Wilson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Isabel Monroy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Prashanth Gokare
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Peter Cabeceiras
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Nikhil S. Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,Authors contributed equally to this work,Corresponding authors
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Kucuksezer UC, Ozdemir C, Cevhertas L, Ogulur I, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and allergen tolerance. Allergol Int 2020; 69:549-560. [PMID: 32900655 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the mainstay treatment for the cure of allergic disorders, with depicted efficacy and safety by several trials and meta-analysis. AIT impressively contributes to the management of allergic rhinitis, asthma and venom allergies. Food allergy is a new arena for AIT with promising results, especially via novel administration routes. Cell subsets with regulatory capacities are induced during AIT. IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are the main suppressor cytokines, in addition to surface molecules such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) within the micro milieu. Modified T- and B-cell responses and antibody isotypes, increased activity thresholds for eosinophils, basophils and mast cells and consequent limitation of inflammatory cascades altogether induce and maintain a state of sustained allergen-specific unresponsiveness. Established tolerance is reflected into the clinical perspectives as improvement of allergy symptoms together with reduced medication requirements and evolved disease severity. Long treatment durations, costs, reduced patient compliance and risk of severe, even life-threatening adverse reactions during treatment stand as major limiting factors for AIT. By development of purified non-allergenic, highly-immunogenic modified allergen extracts, and combinational usage of them with novel adjuvant molecules via new routes may shorten treatment durations and possibly reduce these drawbacks. AIT is the best model for custom-tailored therapy of allergic disorders. Better characterization of disease endotypes, definition of specific biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy follow-up, as well as precision medicine approaches may further contribute to success of AIT in management of allergic disorders.
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