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Cubero-Leon E, Madsen CB, Scherf KA, Colgrave ML, Nørgaard JV, Anthoni M, Rizou K, Walker MJ, Sollid LM. Barley based gluten free beer - A blessing or an uncontrollable risk? Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 193:115019. [PMID: 39307344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent reports have highlighted that beer labelled "gluten-free", crafted with enzymatic treatments to remove gluten, may contain polypeptides that could be immunotoxic to individuals with coeliac disease. As strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the only way to manage this condition, accurate labelling is crucial to those with coeliac disease. This paper aims to discuss the presence, levels and immunogenicity of gluten peptides found in gluten-reduced barley beers. While advances have been made in the detection and quantification of gluten peptides in beer, there are still challenges to the interpretation of gluten measurements as well as to assess whether peptides are immunotoxic in vivo. To make progress, future efforts should involve a combination of in vivo toxicity assessment of the degraded proteins, development of standardised gluten-free production strategies to minimise variability in gluten fragment presence, guidance on how to control the outcome as well as to develop appropriate reference materials and calibrators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte B Madsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katharina A Scherf
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Professorship of Food Biopolymer Systems, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Minna Anthoni
- Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katerina Rizou
- General Chemical State Laboratory (GCSL), Athens, Greece
| | - Michael J Walker
- Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5HN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway and Department of Immunology, Oslo, University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Abadie V, Han AS, Jabri B, Sollid LM. New Insights on Genes, Gluten, and Immunopathogenesis of Celiac Disease. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:4-22. [PMID: 38670280 PMCID: PMC11283582 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-induced enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals upon consumption of cereal gluten proteins. It is a unique and complex immune disorder to study as the driving antigen is known and the tissue targeted by the immune reaction can be interrogated. This review integrates findings gained from genetic, biochemical, and immunologic studies, which together have revealed mechanisms of gluten peptide modification and HLA binding, thereby enabling a maladapted anti-gluten immune response. Observations in human samples combined with experimental mouse models have revealed that the gluten-induced immune response involves CD4+ T cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and B cells; their cross-talks are critical for the tissue-damaging response. The emergence of high-throughput technologies is increasing our understanding of the phenotype, location, and presumably function of the gluten-specific cells, which are all required to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Abadie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Arnold S Han
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Norwegian Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Schmidt S. Nanosized Additives: Silicon Dioxide's Potential Role in Development of Food Sensitivities in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:54003. [PMID: 38814861 PMCID: PMC11166414 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The anticaking agent, used in a wide variety of powdered food products, interfered with immune tolerance of ovalbumin, a model antigen; and it worsened gut inflammation in a mouse model of celiac disease.
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4
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Gümüş R, Terim Kapakin KA, Kirman EM, Bolat İ, İmik A, Ercan N. The effect of adding wheat and corn gluten to the diet of rats on the autoimmune and histopathological parameters in the intestine and liver. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS VETERINARIAS 2024; XXXIV:1-9. [DOI: 10.52973/rcfcv-e34351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effect on the intestine and liver tissues with addition of the soybean meal (SBM), wheat Gluten meal (WGM) and Corn gluten meal (CGM) to rat diet. A total of 24 average twenty–day–old male rats (Wistar albino) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 animals in each group (Control, Wheat and Corn groups). The diet provided to all three groups contained proteins, which were SBM, WGM and CGM in the Control, Wheat and Corn groups, respectively. In the study, the group fed with SBM was used as the Control group. Rats were fed a diet containing 22% crude protein and 2,598 kcal·kg-1 metabolic energy throughout the experimental period. The feeding trial was continued for a period of 50 days. Degenerative changes of varying severity in intestinal epithelial cells and atrophy in villi were observed. Similarly, the degenerative changes, especially vacuolar or hydropic degeneration were determined in hepatocytes. It was determined that the CD4 level were statistically significantly increased in the Wheat and Corn groups compared to the Control group (P<0.01) on intestine tissue. Also, it was determined that the IgA level was statistically significantly increased of the Wheat and Corn groups in liver tissue. (P<0.05). As a result, it was observed that the histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters of the intestine and liver tissues of the rats fed with diets containing highly WGM and CGM were limitedly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Gümüş
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases. Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Kübra Asena Terim Kapakin
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology. Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esra Manavoğlu Kirman
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology. Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - İsmail Bolat
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology. Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Aybuke İmik
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics. Konya, Türkiye
| | - Nazlı Ercan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Türkiye
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5
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Rostami-Nejad M, Asri N, Bakhtiari S, Khalkhal E, Maleki S, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Rostami K. Metabolomics and lipidomics signature in celiac disease: a narrative review. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:34. [PMID: 38340186 PMCID: PMC10858823 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by aberrant immune responses to consumed gluten proteins. CD is diagnosed by a combination of the patients reported symptoms, serologic and endoscopic biopsy evaluation of the small intestine; and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is considered the only available therapeutic approach for this disorder. Novel approaches need to be considered for finding new biomarkers to help this disorder diagnosis and finding a new alternative therapeutic method for this group of patients. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful tools to provide highly accurate and sensitive biomarkers. Previous studies indicated a metabolic fingerprint for CD deriving from alterations in gut microflora or intestinal permeability, malabsorption, and energy metabolism. Moreover, since CD is characterized by increased intestinal permeability and due to the importance of membrane lipid components in controlling barrier integrity, conducting lipidomics studies in this disorder is of great importance. In the current study, we tried to provide a critical overview of metabolomic and lipidomic changes in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Celiac Disease and Gluten Related Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Bakhtiari
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Khalkhal
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Maleki
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, MidCentral DHB, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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6
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Maghsoud M, Heshmati A, Taheri M, Emamifar A, Esfarjani F. The influence of carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on physicochemical, texture, and sensory characteristics of gluten-free pancake. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1304-1317. [PMID: 38370078 PMCID: PMC10867465 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, gluten-free pancakes were prepared using rice flour and potato starch at a ratio of 50:50. Due to a lack of gluten networks in these ingredients, the hydrocolloid gums including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at 1%, 2%, and 3% were added to improve the quality of the final products. The effects of these hydrocolloid gums on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of the gluten-free pancakes were evaluated. Pancakes prepared with wheat flour were used as a control sample. The results showed that the addition of both gums decreased the hardness and chewiness of the gluten-free pancakes while increasing the springiness and their moisture content. Increasing the concentration of the gums resulted in an L* value (lightness) reduction, which produced a darker crust on the pancakes. Moreover, the gluten-free pancakes containing CMC and HPMC had higher specific volumes than the gluten-free samples made without CMC and HPMC. From a sensory point of view, the samples containing 2%, 3% HPMC and 1% CMC received the highest overall acceptance score. Thus, CMC and HPMC can be used as improvers in gluten-free pancakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Maghsoud
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Ali Heshmati
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Mehdi Taheri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine, Nutrition Health Research CenterHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Aryou Emamifar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food IndustryBu‐ Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI)Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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7
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Lukina P, Andersen IL, Eggen PT, Mjønes PG, Rønne E, Bolstad N, Klaasen RA, Warren DJ, Iversen R, Hveem K, Bernklev T, Jelsness-Jørgensen LP, Pedersen L, Jonkers I, Lagergren P, Sollid LM, Lundin K, Ness-Jensen E. Coeliac disease in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), Norway, a population-based cohort of coeliac disease patients. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077131. [PMID: 38195172 PMCID: PMC10806793 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Coeliac disease (CD) is a common disorder and affects about 1% of the population worldwide. CD in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a population-based cohort study which was established to provide new knowledge about CD that can improve the diagnostics and management, prevent the onset or progression and expand the knowledge about the role of genetics of the disease. PARTICIPANTS The cohort is based on the fourth wave of the population-based HUNT study (HUNT4), Norway, performed during 2017-2019, also including linkage to hospital records and the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). A total of 54 541 HUNT4 participants with available sera were screened for CD by serology. All seropositive participants were invited to a clinical assessment, including endoscopy with duodenal biopsies, during 2019-2023. FINDINGS TO DATE A total of 1107 HUNT4 participants (2%) were seropositive for CD and 1048 were eligible for clinical assessment, including biopsy. Of these, 724 participants attended the clinical assessment and 482 were identified with CD. In addition, 371 participants with CD were identified through the hospital records and NPR. In total, 853 participants in HUNT4 with biopsy-verified CD diagnosis were identified. FUTURE PLANS All participants in the study will be invited to a follow-up assessment after at least 1 year, including repeated standard serological testing, endoscopy and tissue sampling. The collected data and material will be used to establish the true population-based prevalence of CD. The consequences of CD, including symptoms, deficiencies and comorbidity, will be investigated and possible triggers and predictors, will be studied. With access to serum samples from the previous HUNT surveys in HUNT Biobank, serological signs of CD in prediagnostic samples of seropositive individuals will be used. Genetic studies will identify new CD markers, assess genotype-phenotype links and explore gene-environment correlations. REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04041622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Lukina
- HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Ina Lervåg Andersen
- HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Petter Tinbod Eggen
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Patricia Gjertrud Mjønes
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Department of Pathology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Elin Rønne
- Department of Pathology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Nils Bolstad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Anton Klaasen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David J Warren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Iversen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
| | - Tomm Bernklev
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- R&D Department, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Vestfold, Norway
| | - Lars Petter Jelsness-Jørgensen
- Østfold University College, Halden, Østfold, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Østfold Hospital Trust, Kalnes, Norway
| | | | - Iris Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pernilla Lagergren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ludvig Magne Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ness-Jensen
- HUNT Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Gruper Y, Wolff ASB, Glanz L, Spoutil F, Marthinussen MC, Osickova A, Herzig Y, Goldfarb Y, Aranaz-Novaliches G, Dobeš J, Kadouri N, Ben-Nun O, Binyamin A, Lavi B, Givony T, Khalaila R, Gome T, Wald T, Mrazkova B, Sochen C, Besnard M, Ben-Dor S, Feldmesser E, Orlova EM, Hegedűs C, Lampé I, Papp T, Felszeghy S, Sedlacek R, Davidovich E, Tal N, Shouval DS, Shamir R, Guillonneau C, Szondy Z, Lundin KEA, Osicka R, Prochazka J, Husebye ES, Abramson J. Autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta in patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease. Nature 2023; 624:653-662. [PMID: 37993717 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are specialized epithelial cells in the jaw that have an indispensable role in tooth enamel formation-amelogenesis1. Amelogenesis depends on multiple ameloblast-derived proteins that function as a scaffold for hydroxyapatite crystals. The loss of function of ameloblast-derived proteins results in a group of rare congenital disorders called amelogenesis imperfecta2. Defects in enamel formation are also found in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), caused by AIRE deficiency3,4, and in patients diagnosed with coeliac disease5-7. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the vast majority of patients with APS-1 and coeliac disease develop autoantibodies (mostly of the IgA isotype) against ameloblast-specific proteins, the expression of which is induced by AIRE in the thymus. This in turn results in a breakdown of central tolerance, and subsequent generation of corresponding autoantibodies that interfere with enamel formation. However, in coeliac disease, the generation of such autoantibodies seems to be driven by a breakdown of peripheral tolerance to intestinal antigens that are also expressed in enamel tissue. Both conditions are examples of a previously unidentified type of IgA-dependent autoimmune disorder that we collectively name autoimmune amelogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gruper
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Liad Glanz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Oral Health Centre of Expertise in Western Norway/Vestland, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adriana Osickova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yonatan Herzig
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Goretti Aranaz-Novaliches
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dobeš
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Osher Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amit Binyamin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bar Lavi
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tomáš Wald
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Mrazkova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Carmel Sochen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marine Besnard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elisaveta M Orlova
- Endocrinological Research Center, Institute of Pediatric Endocrinology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Csaba Hegedűs
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Lampé
- Department of Biomaterials and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Felszeghy
- Division of Dental Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Esti Davidovich
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Tal
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- The Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikvah, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Zsuzsa Szondy
- Division of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Radim Osicka
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics & Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i 252 50, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Eystein S Husebye
- Department of Clinical Science and K.G. Jebsen Center for Autoimmune Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Banerjee P, Chaudhary R, Singh AK, Parulekar P, Kumar S, Senapati S. Specific Genetic Polymorphisms Contributing in Differential Binding of Gliadin Peptides to HLA-DQ and TCR to Elicit Immunogenicity in Celiac Disease. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2457-2480. [PMID: 37103600 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of gliadin peptides in celiac disease (CD) is majorly determined by the pattern of molecular interactions with HLA-DQ and T-cell receptors (TCR). Investigation of the interactions between immune-dominant gliadin peptides, DQ protein, and TCR are warranted to unravel the basis of immunogenicity and variability contributed by the genetic polymorphisms. Homology modeling of HLA and TCR done using Swiss Model and iTASSER, respectively. Molecular interactions of eight common deamidated immune-dominant gliadin with HLA-DQ allotypes and specific TCR gene pairs were evaluated. Docking of the three structures was performed with ClusPro2.0 and ProDiGY was used to predict binding energies. Effects of known allelic polymorphisms and reported susceptibility SNPs were predicted on protein-protein interactions. CD susceptible allele, HLA-DQ2.5 was shown to have considerable binding affinity to 33-mer gliadin (ΔG = - 13.9; Kd = 1.5E - 10) in the presence of TRAV26/TRBV7. Higher binding affinity was predicted (ΔG = - 14.3, Kd = 8.9E - 11) when TRBV28 was replaced with TRBV20 paired with TRAV4 suggesting its role in CD predisposition. SNP rs12722069 at HLA-DQ8 that codes Arg76α forms three H-bonds with Glu12 and two H-bonds with Asn13 of DQ2 restricted gliadin in the presence of TRAV8-3/TRBV6. None of the HLA-DQ polymorphisms was found to be in linkage disequilibrium with reported CD susceptibility markers. Haplotypic presentations of rs12722069-G, rs1130392-C, rs3188043-C and rs4193-A with CD reported SNPs were observed in sub-ethnic groups. Highly polymorphic sites of HLA alleles and TCR variable regions could be utilized for better risk prediction models in CD. Therapeutic strategies by identifying inhibitors or blockers targeting specific gliadin:HLA-DQ:TCR binding sites could be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Banerjee
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ramprasad Chaudhary
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Pratima Parulekar
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, 711103, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Senapati
- Immunogenomics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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10
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Michailidou F. Engineering of Therapeutic and Detoxifying Enzymes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308814. [PMID: 37433049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic enzymes present excellent opportunities for the treatment of human disease, modulation of metabolic pathways and system detoxification. However, current use of enzyme therapy in the clinic is limited as naturally occurring enzymes are seldom optimal for such applications and require substantial improvement by protein engineering. Engineering strategies such as design and directed evolution that have been successfully implemented for industrial biocatalysis can significantly advance the field of therapeutic enzymes, leading to biocatalysts with new-to-nature therapeutic activities, high selectivity, and suitability for medical applications. This minireview highlights case studies of how state-of-the-art and emerging methods in protein engineering are explored for the generation of therapeutic enzymes and discusses gaps and future opportunities in the field of enzyme therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Chauhan SK, Bartolomé Casado R, Landsverk OJB, Johannessen H, Phung D, Nilsen HR, Sætre F, Jahnsen J, Horneland R, Yaqub S, Aandahl EM, Lundin KEA, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Human small intestine contains 2 functionally distinct regulatory T-cell subsets. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:278-289.e6. [PMID: 36893861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) CD4 cells in mouse gut are mainly specific for intestinal antigens and play an important role in the suppression of immune responses against harmless dietary antigens and members of the microbiota. However, information about the phenotype and function of Treg cells in the human gut is limited. OBJECTIVE We performed a detailed characterization of Foxp3+ CD4 Treg cells in human normal small intestine (SI) as well as from transplanted duodenum and celiac disease lesions. METHODS Treg cells and conventional CD4 T cells derived from SI were subjected to extensive immunophenotyping and their suppressive activity and ability to produce cytokines assessed. RESULTS SI Foxp3+ CD4 T cells were CD45RA-CD127-CTLA-4+ and suppressed proliferation of autologous T cells. Approximately 60% of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor Helios. When stimulated, Helios-negative Treg cells produced IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas Helios-positive Treg cells produced very low levels of these cytokines. By sampling mucosal tissue from transplanted human duodenum, we demonstrated that donor Helios-negative Treg cells persisted for at least 1 year after transplantation. In normal SI, Foxp3+ Treg cells constituted only 2% of all CD4 T cells, while in active celiac disease, both Helios-negative and Helios-positive subsets expanded 5- to 10-fold. CONCLUSION The SI contains 2 subsets of Treg cells with different phenotypes and functional capacities. Both subsets are scarce in healthy gut but increase dramatically in active celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Chauhan
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Raquel Bartolomé Casado
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Danh Phung
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hogne Røed Nilsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Sætre
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Section for Transplant Surgery, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Isola J, Mäki M, Hils M, Pasternack R, Viiri K, Dotsenko V, Montonen T, Zimmermann T, Mohrbacher R, Greinwald R, Schuppan D. The Oral Transglutaminase 2 Inhibitor ZED1227 Accumulates in the Villous Enterocytes in Celiac Disease Patients during Gluten Challenge and Drug Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10815. [PMID: 37445994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a key role in celiac disease (CeD) pathogenesis. Active TG2 is located mainly extracellularly in the lamina propria but also in the villous enterocytes of the duodenum. The TG2 inhibitor ZED1227 is a promising drug candidate for treating CeD and is designed to block the TG2-catalyzed deamidation and crosslinking of gliadin peptides. Our aim was to study the accumulation of ZED1227 after oral administration of the drug. We studied duodenal biopsies derived from a phase 2a clinical drug trial using an antibody that detects ZED1227 when bound to the catalytic center of TG2. Human epithelial organoids were studied in vitro for the effect of ZED1227 on the activity of TG2 using the 5-biotin-pentylamine assay. The ZED1227-TG2 complex was found mainly in the villous enterocytes in post-treatment biopsies. The signal of ZED1227-TG2 was strongest in the luminal epithelial brush border, while the intensity of the signal in the lamina propria was only ~20% of that in the villous enterocytes. No signal specific to ZED1227 could be detected in pretreatment biopsies or in biopsies from patients randomized to the placebo treatment arm. ZED1227-TG2 staining co-localized with total TG2 and native and deamidated gliadin peptides on the enterocyte luminal surface. Inhibition of TG2 activity by ZED1227 was demonstrated in epithelial organoids. Our findings suggest that active TG2 is present at the luminal side of the villous epithelium and that inhibition of TG2 activity by ZED1227 occurs already there before gliadin peptides enter the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Isola
- Jilab Inc., 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Mäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin Hils
- Zedira GmbH, Roesslerstrasse 83, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Keijo Viiri
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Valeriia Dotsenko
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Toni Montonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Celiac Center, Medical Center, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Maurano F, Rotondi Aufiero V, Treppiccione L, Rossi S, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Rossi M. The HLA-DQ8 transgenic mouse: A model to study the immune and cytotoxic responses to wheat gliadin. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 179:157-171. [PMID: 37625873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis has been hindered to date because of the lack of adequate in vivo models. Herein, we describe two in vivo approaches in HLA-DQ8-transgenic mice to study the intrinsic cytoxicity and immune features of wheat gliadin. By adopting the first method, we explored the mucosal architecture of the small intestine following the intra-gastric administration of wheat gliadin in mice treated with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases. Mice showed a significant reduction of villus height, increased crypt depth and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The second approach involved the mucosal sensitization to gliadin via the intranasal route. This protocol induced a Th1/Th17 phenotype in mesenteric lymph nodes, as described in CD. In conclusion, these methods remain instrumental to analyze in vivo distinct biological features of wheat gliadin and related prolamins. Furthermore, the sensitization protocol could be exploited to test innovative strategies downregulating the gliadin-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
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14
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Marín-Sanz M, Barro F, Sánchez-León S. Unraveling the celiac disease-related immunogenic complexes in a set of wheat and tritordeum genotypes: implications for low-gluten precision breeding in cereal crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171882. [PMID: 37251754 PMCID: PMC10210591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of low-gluten immunogenic cereal varieties is a suitable way to fight the increment of pathologies associated with the consumption of cereals. Although RNAi and CRISPR/Cas technologies were effective in providing low-gluten wheat, the regulatory framework, particularly in the European Union, is an obstacle to the short- or medium-term implementation of such lines. In the present work, we carried out a high throughput amplicon sequencing of two highly immunogenic complexes of wheat gliadins in a set of bread and durum wheat, and tritordeum genotypes. Bread wheat genotypes harboring the 1BL/1RS translocation were included in the analysis and their amplicons successfully identified. The number of CD epitopes and their abundances were determined in the alpha- and gamma-gliadin amplicons, including 40k-γ-secalin ones. Bread wheat genotypes not containing the 1BL/1RS translocation showed a higher average number of both alpha- and gamma-gliadin epitopes than those containing such translocation. Interestingly, alpha-gliadin amplicons not containing CD epitopes accounted for the highest abundance (around 53%), and the alpha- and gamma-gliadin amplicons with the highest number of epitopes were present in the D-subgenome. The durum wheat and tritordeum genotypes showed the lowest number of alpha- and gamma-gliadin CD epitopes. Our results allow progress in unraveling the immunogenic complexes of alpha- and gamma-gliadins and can contribute to the development of low-immunogenic varieties within precision breeding programs, by crossing or by CRISPR/Cas gene editing.
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15
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Chlubnová M, Christophersen AO, Sandve GKF, Lundin KE, Jahnsen J, Dahal-Koirala S, Sollid LM. Identification of gluten T cell epitopes driving celiac disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5800. [PMID: 36696493 PMCID: PMC9876541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells specific for cereal gluten proteins are key players in celiac disease (CeD) pathogenesis. While several CeD-relevant gluten T cell epitopes have been identified, epitopes recognized by a substantial proportion of gluten-reactive T cells remain unknown. The identification of such CeD-driving gluten epitopes is important for the food industry and in clinical settings. Here, we have combined the knowledge of a distinct phenotype of gluten-reactive T cells and key features of known gluten epitopes for the discovery of unknown epitopes. We tested 42 wheat gluten-reactive T cell clones, isolated on the basis of their distinct phenotype and with no reactivity to known epitopes, against a panel of synthetic peptides bioinformatically identified from a wheat gluten protein database. We were able to assign reactivity to 10 T cell clones and identified a 9-nucleotide oligomer core region of five previously uncharacterized gliadin/glutenin epitopes. This work represents an advance in the effort to identify CeD-driving gluten epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Chlubnová
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asbjørn O. Christophersen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Dermatology, and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kjetil F. Sandve
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E.A Lundin
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jahnsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Abstract
Among human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated disorders, celiac disease has an immunopathogenesis that is particularly well understood. The condition is characterized by hypersensitivity to cereal gluten proteins, and the disease lesion is localized in the gut. Still, the diagnosis can be made by detection of highly disease-specific autoantibodies to transglutaminase 2 in the blood. We now have mechanistic insights into how the disease-predisposing HLA-DQ molecules, via presentation of posttranslationally modified gluten peptides, are connected to the generation of these autoantibodies. This review presents our current understanding of the immunobiology of this common disorder that is positioned in the border zone between food hypersensitivity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Iversen
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- KG Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; .,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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17
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Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of HLA DQ2/DQ8 in Adults with Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021188. [PMID: 36674702 PMCID: PMC9863503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although people with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DQ2 and/or DQ8 are more likely to develop celiac disease (CD), the condition cannot be fully explained by this genetic predisposition alone. Multiple, as yet unidentified, factors contribute to the genesis of CD, including genetics, the environment, and the immune system. In order to provide insight into a prospective possibility and an expanded screening technique, we aim to undertake a comprehensive and meta-analytical study of the assessment and distribution of HLA class II (HLA-DQ2/DQ8) in adult CD patients. A systematic review was conducted using an electronic search of databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Direct Science) from January 2004 to February 2022. DQ2/DQ2 homozygotes have the highest risk of developing CD. DQ2/DQ8 typing is an effective test to exclude CD from the differential diagnosis of a patient with CD symptoms. Although other non-HLA genes have been associated with CD, they are rarely considered at diagnosis because they account for only a small proportion of the heritability of CD. This finding, together with the information gathered previously, may be useful in considering widely available and economically feasible screening options for celiac disease in young people.
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18
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Kolb N, Alf V, Cappello R, Matiasek K, Rosati M. Novel association of gluten sensitivity with immune-mediated neuromuscular syndrome in a dog. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:903-907. [PMID: 36418199 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders in humans comprise different entities, including coeliac disease. Patients typically have measurable titers of anti-gliadin IgG or IgA (AGAs) and anti-transglutaminase-2 IgA (TG2). In addition to intestinal symptoms, human patients often show various neurological complications. In dogs, the neurological manifestation is rarely reported. Here we describe the muscle and nerve biopsies of an 11-year-old, male Border Terrier presenting with lower motor neuron signs submitted for histological examination. Examination of the biopsies showed an oligofocal lymphohistiocytic and plasmocytic myositis and a diffuse neuropathy of mixed nodo-paranodal and demyelinating type. Suspecting a neuromuscular form of breed-related gluten hypersensitivity, measurements of AGAs and TG2 antibodies were performed. Both titers ranged above control values. Hence, a gluten-related neuromyopathy was diagnosed. A gluten-free diet was prescribed and a complete disappearance of clinical signs was observed. Gluten-related disorders should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with intestinal and neuromuscular signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninja Kolb
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Alf
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Cappello
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, The Brewerstreet Dairy Business Park, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Rosati
- Section of Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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19
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Focused B cell response to recurring gluten motif with implications for epitope spreading in celiac disease. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Treppiccione L, Maurano F, Rossi S, Luongo D, Rossi M. Transamidated wheat gliadin induces differential antigen recognition in the small intestine of HLA/DQ8 transgenic mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:8941-8950. [PMID: 35929785 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02032g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only available therapy for coeliac disease (CD). However, GFD compliance is difficult and alternative strategies are envisaged in the near future. We previously found that wheat gliadin following transamidation by microbial transglutaminase (mTG) does not induce IFN-γ secretion by intestinal T cells from CD patients. Fully transamidated gliadin with lysine ethyl ester can be recovered in a soluble protein fraction (spf) generated by the enzymatic treatment of wheat flour. Herein, we analysed the performance of transamidation by mTG on a pilot-scale (1L) by evaluating the reaction kinetics and its biological effect on the intestinal immune response in HLA/DQ8 transgenic mice, a model of gluten sensitivity. At 1 h, all gliadin fractions showed a faster electrophoretic mobility by acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE) following transamidation in comparison with their native counterparts. In parallel, the yield of residual native gliadin dropped (30% at 180 min), confirming our previous findings on a lab scale. Mucosal sensitisation of mice with gliadin via the intranasal route induced a Th1 phenotype in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Importantly, IFN-γ secretion was significantly reduced when gliadin-specific MLN cells were challenged in vitro with spf (P < 0.001). Multiplex analysis revealed that the adaptive immune response evoked by spf involved a distinct cell population characterised by secretion of IL-2, IL-3 and IL-5. Notably, spf stimulated in vitro a reduced or null secretion of all of the examined pro-inflammatory markers mainly associated to innate immunity. In conclusion, our data revealed the ability of transamidated gliadin to modulate both innate and adaptive mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response induced by wheat gliadin in the small intestine of DQ8 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
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Carreras J. Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Celiac Disease Using an Autoimmune Discovery Transcriptomic Panel Highlighted Pathogenic Genes including BTLA. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1550. [PMID: 36011206 PMCID: PMC9408070 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a common immune-related inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. This research is a proof-of-concept exercise focused on using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and an autoimmune discovery gene panel to predict and model celiac disease. Conventional bioinformatics, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and several machine learning and neural network techniques were used on a publicly available dataset (GSE164883). Machine learning and deep learning included C5, logistic regression, Bayesian network, discriminant analysis, KNN algorithm, LSVM, random trees, SVM, Tree-AS, XGBoost linear, XGBoost tree, CHAID, Quest, C&R tree, random forest, and neural network (multilayer perceptron). As a result, the gene panel predicted celiac disease with high accuracy (95-100%). Several pathogenic genes were identified, some of the immune checkpoint and immuno-oncology pathways. They included CASP3, CD86, CTLA4, FASLG, GZMB, IFNG, IL15RA, ITGAX, LAG3, MMP3, MUC1, MYD88, PRDM1, RGS1, etc. Among them, B and T lymphocyte associated (BTLA, CD272) was highlighted and validated at the protein level by immunohistochemistry in an independent series of cases. Celiac disease was characterized by high BTLA, expressed by inflammatory cells of the lamina propria. In conclusion, artificial intelligence predicted celiac disease using an autoimmune discovery gene panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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22
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Marín-Sanz M, Barro F. RNAi silencing of wheat gliadins alters the network of transcription factors that regulate the synthesis of seed storage proteins toward maintaining grain protein levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:935851. [PMID: 36003813 PMCID: PMC9395171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.935851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gluten proteins are responsible for the unique viscoelastic properties of wheat dough, but they also trigger the immune response in celiac disease patients. RNA interference (RNAi) wheat lines with strongly silenced gliadins were obtained to reduce the immunogenic response of wheat. The E82 line presents the highest reduction of gluten, but other grain proteins increased, maintaining a total nitrogen content comparable to that of the wild type. To better understand the regulatory mechanisms in response to gliadin silencing, we carried out a transcriptomic analysis of grain and leaf tissues of the E82 line during grain filling. A network of candidate transcription factors (TFs) that regulates the synthesis of the seed storage proteins (SSPs), α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors, lipid transfer proteins, serpins, and starch in the grain was obtained. Moreover, there were a high number of differentially expressed genes in the leaf of E82, where processes such as nutrient availability and transport were enriched. The source-sink communication between leaf and grain showed that many down-regulated genes were related to protease activity, amino acid and sugar metabolism, and their transport. In the leaf, specific proline transporters and lysine-histidine transporters were down- and up-regulated, respectively. Overall, the silencing of gliadins in the RNAi line is compensated mainly with lysine-rich globulins, which are not related to the proposed candidate network of TFs, suggesting that these proteins are regulated independently of the other SSPs. Results reported here can explain the protein compensation mechanisms and contribute to decipher the complex TF network operating during grain filling.
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Hård af Segerstad EM, Liu X, Uusitalo U, Agardh D, Andrén Aronsson C. Sources of dietary gluten in the first 2 years of life and associations with celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in Swedish genetically predisposed children: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:394-403. [PMID: 35394004 PMCID: PMC9348971 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age 2 y confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk. METHODS Three-day food records were collected at ages 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 mo from 2088 Swedish genetically at-risk children participating in a 15-y follow-up cohort study on type 1 diabetes and CD. Screening for CD was performed with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). The primary outcome was CDA, defined as persistent tTGA positivity. The secondary outcome was CD, defined as having a biopsy specimen showing Marsh score ≥ 2 or an averaged tTGA level ≥ 100 Units. Cox regression adjusted for total gluten intake estimated HRs with 95% CIs for daily intake of gluten sources. RESULTS During follow-up, 487 (23.3%) children developed CDA and 242 (11.6%) developed CD. Daily intake of ≤158 g porridge at age 9 mo was associated with increased risk of CDA (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.23; P = 0.026) compared with no intake. A high daily bread intake (>18.3 g) at age 12 mo was associated with increased risk of both CDA (HR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.05; P = 0.023) and CD (HR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.91; P = 0.019) compared with no intake. At age 18 mo, milk cereal drink was associated with an increased risk of CD (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.33; P = 0.047) per 200-g/d increased intake. No association was found for other gluten sources up to age 24 mo and risk of CDA or CD. CONCLUSIONS High daily intakes of bread at age 12 mo and of milk cereal drink during the second year of life are associated with increased risk of both CDA and CD in genetically at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang Liu
- Health Informatics Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani Collage of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ulla Uusitalo
- Health Informatics Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani Collage of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Costa A, de Brito GAP. Aerobic Exercise Associated with Fish Oil Supplementation Decreases C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Celiac Disease Patients. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:3908675. [PMID: 35910449 PMCID: PMC9334128 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3908675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies indicate that celiac disease patients present alterations within anthropometric, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters, while physical exercise and fish oil are known to activate modulatory pathways of such parameters. Objective To investigate the effects of a 12-week-long protocol of aerobic exercise and its association with fish oil supplementation in nineteen adult celiac disease patients. Material and Methods. The celiacs were divided into 2 groups: (A) FOS: supplementation (n = 11); and (B) EXE: supplementation and exercise (n = 8). The celiac groups were compared to the adult healthy control group (CTR) (n 12). Aerobic exercises were performed weekly, in three sessions of 60 minutes each, with a maximal heart rate intensity of 60-70%. The participants received 2 g/day of fish oil, a daily intake of 420 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, and 230 mg of docosahexaenoic acid. The following measurements were taken in four phases: (A) anthropometry: body mass, height, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, fat mass, and fat-free mass; (B) metabolic profile: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL; and (C) inflammatory profile: C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Results Supplementation associated with aerobic exercise promoted a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (P < 0.01) and increased the proportion of individuals in the undetectable range of interleukin-6. Conclusions The associated interventions showed a corrective and preventive potential in relation to disorders associated with chronic inflammation; however, the experimental design does not allow us to discriminate between the biological effects that are dependent on the association between interventions and those exclusively dependent on aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysson Costa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Latin American Integration—UNILA, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gleisson A. P. de Brito
- Laboratory of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Federal University of Latin American Integration—UNILA, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil
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Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and CXC3L1 evaluation as biomarkers for patients at high-risk for coeliac disease in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cytokine 2022; 157:155945. [PMID: 35841826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder and one of the few gastroenteropathies with accurate serological testing. CD serology has decreased accuracy for patients on a gluten-free diet and for monitoring mucosal healing. New ancillary tests would, therefore, be useful. Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (I-FABP) and CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) are two promising biomarkers for CD but haven't been examined in patients who are at a high-risk for CD such as patients with type one diabetes (TID). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate serum levels of I-FABP and CX3CL1 in a cohort of South African patients with TID at a high-risk of developing CD. The serum I-FABP levels were significantly higher in CD-positive patients compared to CD-negative individuals (p = 0.03). No significant differences in the serum CX3CL1 levels were detected although this may reflect the impact of the comorbid autoimmune diseases had on the serum CX3CL1 levels. In conclusion, this study is the first to assess the levels of these biomarkers in a multiethnic population with comorbid autoimmune disease and determined I-FABP to be the more promising biomarker in such clinical contexts. Future research should focus on a diverse biomarker panel and longitudinal follow-up of patients at a high-risk for CD.
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Inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine and their management by natural bioactive compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113158. [PMID: 35644116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by the overactivity of the immune system towards self-constituents. Risk factors of autoimmune diseases are multiple and include genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and psychological. Autoimmune chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, including celiac and inflammatory diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), constitute a significant health problem worldwide. Besides the complexity of the symptoms of these diseases, their treatments have only been palliative. Numerous investigations showed that natural phytochemicals could be promising strategies to fight against these autoimmune diseases. In this respect, plant-derived natural compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids exhibited significant effects against three autoimmune diseases affecting the intestine, particularly bowel diseases. This review focuses on the role of natural compounds obtained from medicinal plants in modulating inflammatory auto-immune diseases of the intestine. It covers the most recent literature related to the effect of these natural compounds in the treatment and prevention of auto-immune diseases of the intestine.
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Kang D, Shin D, Choe H, Hwang D, Bugenyi AW, Na CS, Lee HK, Heo J, Shim K. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals gluten-induced suppression of
small intestine development in young chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:752-769. [PMID: 35969701 PMCID: PMC9353357 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat gluten is an increasingly common ingredient in poultry diets but its impact
on the small intestine in chicken is not fully understood. This study aimed to
identify effects of high-gluten diets on chicken small intestines and the
variation of their associated transcriptional responses by age. A total of 120
broilers (Ross Strain) were used to perform two animal experiments consisting of
two gluten inclusion levels (0% or 25%) by bird’s age (1
week or 4 weeks). Transcriptomics and histochemical techniques were employed to
study the effect of gluten on their duodenal mucosa using randomly selected 12
broilers (3 chicks per group). A reduction in feed intake and body weight gain
was found in the broilers fed a high-gluten containing diet at both ages.
Histochemical photomicrographs showed a reduced villus height to crypt depth
ratio in the duodenum of gluten-fed broilers at 1 week. We found mainly a
significant effect on the gene expression of duodenal mucosa in gluten-fed
broilers at 1 week (289 differentially expressed genes [DEGs]). Pathway analyses
revealed that the significant DEGs were mainly involved in ribosome, oxidative
phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling
pathways. These pathways are involved in ribosome protein biogenesis, oxidative
phosphorylation and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. Our results suggest a
pattern of differential gene expression in these pathways that can be linked to
chronic inflammation, suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis. And via such a mode of action, high-gluten inclusion levels in
poultry diets could lead to the observed retardation of villi development in the
duodenal mucosa of young broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
| | - Hosung Choe
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Doyon Hwang
- Institute for Animal Products Quality
Evaluation, Sejong 339011, Korea
| | - Andrew Wange Bugenyi
- Department of Agricultural Convergence
Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea
- National Agricultural Research
Organization, Entebbe 295, Uganda
| | - Chong-Sam Na
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Heo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jaeyoung Heo,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2549, E-mail:
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology,
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kwanseob Shim,
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896,
Korea. Tel: +82-63-270-2609, E-mail:
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Marín-Sanz M, Sánchez-León S, León E, Barro F. Comparative characterization of the gluten and fructan contents of breads from industrial and artisan bakeries: a study of food products in the Spanish market. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8472. [PMID: 35757438 PMCID: PMC9199834 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of wheat/gluten is associated with adverse reactions for human health. Gluten and fructans are identified as the major compounds triggering and worsening adverse reactions to wheat, which are increasing, and as a consequence, avoidance of gluten/wheat is the common strategy of many individuals of the western population. Although bread is a product of daily consumption, there is a lack of information on the gluten and fructan contents and the influence of artisanal or industrial processes. Objective The aim of this study is to carry out a comparative characterization between artisan bakeries and hypermarkets in Spain for gluten and fructan contents in daily sold breads. Design A total of 48 types of bread highly consumed in Spain sold in artisan bakeries (long fermentation) and hypermarkets (short fermentations) were selected for comparing the gluten and fructan contents. Methods such as reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), R5 monoclonal antibody (moAb), and fructans protocols were used for the quantification of these compounds. Results Great variation for the content of gluten and fructans has been found between all bread categories. Although breads produced using long fermentation (artisan bakeries) contain significantly lower gluten, they have higher fructans than those using short fermentations (hypermarkets). Durum wheat breads had the lowest content of gluten. Moreover, spelt breads from artisan bakeries had the lowest content of fructans but not those from hypermarkets. Discussion In this study, we report the comparative characterizarion of the breads of the Spanish market. These food products presented variation in the amount of gluten and fructans, ligated in most of the cases to the nature of the providers: artisan bakeries against hypermarkets. Depending on the type of bread, the differences for the daily consumption of gluten and fructan can be 4.5 and 20 times, respectively. Conclusions We found strong differences for gluten and fructan contents among breads. These information may contribute to designing strategies to improve the management of gluten and fructans in bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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Verma AK, Mechenro J, Monachesi C, Venugopal G, Catassi GN, Lionetti E, Ramakrishna BS, Catassi C. Distribution of celiac disease predisposing genes HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in the native population of southern India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2022; 41:240-246. [PMID: 35767211 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-022-01251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is an intestinal inflammatory condition caused by the ingestion of gluten peptides in wheat and related grains in individuals carrying HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 genes. In comparison to HLA-DQ8, a higher HLA-DQ2 prevalence is reported in European population where wheat has been the staple food for thousands of years. In non-European population, this pattern of HLA-DQ CD-predisposing gene distribution has not always been found. The aim of this study was to evaluate the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 distribution in the native low-gluten consuming southern Indian population. METHODS Overall, 211 dried blood spots (DBS) were collected from native southern Indian individuals. HLA-DQ characterization and the determination of homozygous/heterozygous status were performed using commercially available HLA-DQ typing kits. RESULTS Of 211 collected DBS, 88 (42%, 95% CI: 36-48) were positive for HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers. Overall, 40 (19%, 95% CI: 14-24) samples typed positive for HLA-DQ2 and 48 (23%, 95% CI: 18-28) typed positive for HLA-DQ8 genotypes. Of 40 HLA-DQ2-positive individuals, only one subject tested homozygous for the DQB1*02 allele. CONCLUSIONS In the southern Indian native general population, the prevalence of HLA-DQ8 is higher in comparison to HLA-DQ2 prevalence. This finding could be related to the delayed introduction of wheat in the diet of the southern Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil K Verma
- Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy.
| | - John Mechenro
- SRM Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Sciences and Transplantation, SIMS Hospital, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Vadapalani, Chennai, 600 026, India.,Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kancheepuram District, Kattankulathur, 603 211, India
| | - Chiara Monachesi
- Celiac Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giriprasad Venugopal
- SRM Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Sciences and Transplantation, SIMS Hospital, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Vadapalani, Chennai, 600 026, India.,Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kancheepuram District, Kattankulathur, 603 211, India
| | - Giulia Naspi Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elena Lionetti
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy
| | - Balakrishnan S Ramakrishna
- SRM Institute of Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Sciences and Transplantation, SIMS Hospital, Jawaharlal Nehru Road, Vadapalani, Chennai, 600 026, India.,Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kancheepuram District, Kattankulathur, 603 211, India
| | - Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123, Ancona, Italy.,The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Center for Celiac Research, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Coto L, Sousa C, Cebolla A. Individual variability in patterns and dynamics of fecal gluten immunogenic peptides excretion after low gluten intake. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2033-2049. [PMID: 34993643 PMCID: PMC8739026 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Determination of Gluten Immunogenic Peptides (GIP) in feces is a direct tool for gluten exposure detection. The sensitivity of GIP detection methods for cases of unintentional low gluten intakes is unknown. We studied the interindividual variability in the kinetic of excretion under homogeneously controlled dietary conditions, and the sensitivity of fecal GIP tests after low amounts of punctual gluten ingestions. METHODS Participants (n = 20) followed the same gluten-free menu for 12 days in which two separated doses of gluten (50 mg and 2 g) were ingested and all the depositions were collected. GIP from stool samples were analyzed by ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tests. RESULTS Most participants had detectable GIP after 50 mg and 2 g gluten ingestions using ELISA test (72.2% and 95%, respectively), whereas the LFIA test showed less sensitivity (22.2% and 80%, respectively). GIP were detected at higher either frequency or concentration in the range of 12-36 h after 50 mg intake, and 12-84 h after 2 g consumption. Considering this period, diagnostic sensitivity of GIP detection after a single 50 mg ingestion may be significatively increased analyzing three stool samples per individual. High variability among participants was found in the time and amount of GIP excretion; however, some individuals showed common patterns for both gluten intakes. CONCLUSION Sporadic gluten exposure detection may require several fecal samples to achieve level of sensitivity above 90%. Interindividual variability in the dynamic of GIP excretion may suggest patterns of gluten metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Coto
- Biomedal S.L., Polígono Industrial Parque Plata, Calle Calzada Romana, 40, 41900, Camas, Sevilla, Spain
- Human Nutrition and Food Science Doctoral Program, University of Granada, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Angel Cebolla
- Biomedal S.L., Polígono Industrial Parque Plata, Calle Calzada Romana, 40, 41900, Camas, Sevilla, Spain.
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Enhanced Extracellular Transfer of HLA-DQ Activates CD3+ Lymphocytes towards Compromised Treg Induction in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116102. [PMID: 35682780 PMCID: PMC9181181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) manifests with autoimmune intestinal inflammation from gluten and genetic predisposition linked to human leukocyte antigen class-II (HLA-II) gene variants. Antigen-presenting cells facilitate gluten exposition through the interaction of their surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with the T cell receptor (TCR) on T lymphocytes. This fundamental mechanism of adaptive immunity has broadened upon recognition of extracellular exosomal MHC, raising awareness of an alternative means for antigen presentation. This study demonstrates that conditioned growth media (CGM) previously exposed to monocyte-derived dendritic cells from CeD significantly downregulates the CD3+ lineage marker of control T cells. Such increased activation was reflected in their elevated IL-2 secretion. Exosome localization motif identification and quantification within HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 transcripts highlighted their significant prevalence within HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with CeD susceptibility. Flow cytometry revealed the strong correlation between HLA-DQ and the CD63 exosomal marker in T cells exposed to CGM from MoDCs sourced from CeD patients. This resulted in lower concentrations of CD25+ CD127− T cells, suggestive of their compromised induction to T-regulatory cells associated with CeD homeostasis. This foremost comparative study deciphered the genomic basis and extracellular exosomal effects of HLA transfer on T lymphocytes in the context of CeD, offering greater insight into this auto-immune disease.
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Kaliciak I, Drogowski K, Garczyk A, Kopeć S, Horwat P, Bogdański P, Stelmach-Mardas M, Mardas M. Influence of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Coeliac Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102083. [PMID: 35631222 PMCID: PMC9147811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in microbiota composition during a gluten-free diet (GFD) in coeliac disease (CD) patients. The systematic search followed databases such as PUBMED (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE. Out of 843 initially screened papers, a total number of 13 research papers were included. A total of 212 patients with CD on GFD, in comparison to 174 healthy individuals and 176 untreated patients with CD, were examined. Analysis of the microbial community based primarily on faecal samples and duodenal biopsies. Bifidobacterium was noticed to be less abundant in the study group than in both control groups, while the abundance of Bacteroides was more numerous in the group of CD patients on GFD. Staphylococcaceae prevailed in untreated CD patients. Despite the fact that the GFD was not able to fully restore commensal microorganism abundance, the treatment was associated with the greater abundance of selected beneficial bacteria and lower presence of pathogenic bacteria associated with worsening of CD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kaliciak
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Konstanty Drogowski
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Aleksandra Garczyk
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Stanisław Kopeć
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Paulina Horwat
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Marta Stelmach-Mardas
- Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland; (I.K.); (K.D.); (A.G.); (S.K.); (P.H.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-697-424-245
| | - Marcin Mardas
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
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Ciacchi L, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. Structural bases of T cell antigen receptor recognition in celiac disease. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 74:102349. [PMID: 35272251 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-linked autoimmune-like disorder that is triggered by the ingestion of gluten or related storage proteins. The majority of CeD patients are HLA-DQ2.5+, with the remainder being either HLA-DQ8+ or HLA-DQ2.2+. Structural studies have shown how deamidation of gluten epitopes engenders binding to HLA-DQ2.5/8, which then triggers an aberrant CD4+ T cell response. HLA tetramer studies, combined with structural investigations, have demonstrated that repeated patterns of TCR usage underpins the immune response to some HLADQ2.5/8 restricted gluten epitopes, with distinct TCR motifs representing common landing pads atop the HLA-gluten complexes. Structural studies have provided insight into TCR specificity and cross-reactivity towards gluten epitopes, as well as cross-reactivity to bacterial homologues of gluten epitopes, suggesting that environmental factors may directly play a role in CeD pathogenesis. Collectively, structural immunology-based studies in the CeD axis may lead to new therapeutics/diagnostics to treat CeD, and also serve as an exemplar for other T cell mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciacchi
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder leading to manifestations of malabsorption syndrome. A 47-year-old Japanese man developed severe diarrhea after surgery for gastric cancer. The diarrhea persisted for seven months, leading to a state of malabsorption. Celiac disease was suspected based on small bowel capsule endoscopy findings. The duodenal findings observed during gastric cancer surgery were reassessed, and Marsh-Oberhuber classification type 3c celiac disease was diagnosed. The anti-tissue glutaminase antibody test results were positive. The patient was started on a gluten-free diet, following which the diarrhea resolved, and the nutritional status improved. Adjuvant therapy after gastric cancer surgery was initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Iwamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Kato
- Division of Research Planning and Development, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kusumi
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan
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Aboulaghras S, Piancatelli D, Oumhani K, Balahbib A, Bouyahya A, Taghzouti K. Pathophysiology and immunogenetics of celiac disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 528:74-83. [PMID: 35120899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory enteropathy caused by gluten (protein from wheat, rye and, barley) in genetically predisposed individuals carrying the HLA-DQ2/HLA-DQ8 genotype. This pathology has a multifactorial etiology in which HLA genes, the microbiome, gluten and, other environmental factors are involved in the development of the disease. Its pathogenesis involves both innate and adaptive immunity as well as upregulation of IL-15. The objective of this review is to examine the results of current studies on genetic and environmental variables to better understand the pathogenesis of this enteropathy. The complex etiology of celiac disease makes our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease incomplete, and a better knowledge of the many genetic and environmental components would help us better understand the pathophysiology of celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aboulaghras
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Daniela Piancatelli
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Khadija Oumhani
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut National d'Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Khalid Taghzouti
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
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Ciacchi L, Farenc C, Dahal-Koirala S, Petersen J, Sollid LM, Reid HH, Rossjohn J. Structural basis of T cell receptor specificity and cross-reactivity of two HLA-DQ2.5-restricted gluten epitopes in celiac disease. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101619. [PMID: 35065967 PMCID: PMC8857473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease is a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory condition often characterized by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2.5 molecules presenting gluten epitopes derived from wheat, barley, and rye. Although some T cells exhibit cross-reactivity toward distinct gluten epitopes, the structural basis underpinning such cross-reactivity is unclear. Here, we investigated the T-cell receptor specificity and cross-reactivity of two immunodominant wheat gluten epitopes, DQ2.5-glia-α1a (PFPQPELPY) and DQ2.5-glia-ω1 (PFPQPEQPF). We show by surface plasmon resonance that a T-cell receptor alpha variable (TRAV) 4+-T-cell receptor beta variable (TRBV) 29-1+ TCR bound to HLA-DQ2.5-glia-α1a and HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 with similar affinity, whereas a TRAV4- (TRAV9-2+) TCR recognized HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 only. We further determined the crystal structures of the TRAV4+-TRBV29-1+ TCR bound to HLA-DQ2.5-glia-α1a and HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1, as well as the structure of an epitope-specific TRAV9-2+-TRBV7-3+ TCR-HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 complex. We found that position 7 (p7) of the DQ2.5-glia-α1a and DQ2.5-glia-ω1 epitopes made very limited contacts with the TRAV4+ TCR, thereby explaining the TCR cross-reactivity across these two epitopes. In contrast, within the TRAV9-2+ TCR-HLA-DQ2.5-glia-ω1 ternary complex, the p7-Gln was situated in an electrostatic pocket formed by the hypervariable CDR3β loop of the TCR and Arg70β from HLA-DQ2.5, a polar network which would not be supported by the p7-Leu residue of DQ2.5-glia-α1a. In conclusion, we provide additional insights into the molecular determinants of TCR specificity and cross-reactivity to two closely-related epitopes in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ciacchi
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carine Farenc
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K. G. Jebsen Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hugh H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Techno-Functional and Gelling Properties of Acha (Fonio) ( Digitaria exilis stapf) Flour: A Study of Its Potential as a New Gluten-Free Starch Source in Industrial Applications. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020183. [PMID: 35053914 PMCID: PMC8774706 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf) is an ancient African cereal that represents a rich source of carbohydrate, fat, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and sulfur-containing amino acids. Processing and utilization of fonio require adequate knowledge of its structural, chemical, and nutritional characteristics. The present work evaluates the structural, techno-functional, and gelling properties of fonio and compares them to other major gluten-free cereals (rice, maize, sorghum, and millet). Fonio flour presented significantly higher water absorption index and swelling power, while it scored a lower water solubility index than the reference flours. The pasting viscosity profile of fonio was similar to that of rice, with equivalent peak viscosity but a breakdown viscosity 24% lower than rice, indicative of higher stability and resistance to shearing and heating. Rheological properties demonstrated that fonio generates gels with remarkably strong structures. At 15% concentration, fonio gel withstood stress 579% higher than those observed in the reference flours without breaking its structure. Fonio flour presented the highest gelatinization enthalpy (11.45 J/g) and a narrow gelatinization temperature range (9.96 °C), indicative of a better-packed starch structure than the other analyzed flours. The texture of the gels made with fonio showed higher firmness over the evaluated period. These combined results suggest that fonio is a suitable ingredient for gel-like food formulations.
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Guzmán-López MH, Sánchez-León S, Marín-Sanz M, Comino I, Segura V, Vaquero L, Rivero-Lezcano OM, Pastor J, Sousa C, Vivas S, Barro F. Oral Consumption of Bread from an RNAi Wheat Line with Strongly Silenced Gliadins Elicits No Immunogenic Response in a Pilot Study with Celiac Disease Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124548. [PMID: 34960101 PMCID: PMC8708050 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a genetically predisposed, T cell-mediated and autoimmune-like disorder caused by dietary exposure to the storage proteins of wheat and related cereals. A gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment available for CD. The celiac immune response mediated by CD4+ T-cells can be assessed with a short-term oral gluten challenge. This study aimed to determine whether the consumption of bread made using flour from a low-gluten RNAi wheat line (named E82) can activate the immune response in DQ2.5-positive patients with CD after a blind crossover challenge. The experimental protocol included assessing IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms, and measuring gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) in stool samples. The response of PBMCs was not significant to gliadin and the 33-mer peptide after E82 bread consumption. In contrast, PBMCs reacted significantly to Standard bread. This lack of immune response is correlated with the fact that, after E82 bread consumption, stool samples from patients with CD showed very low levels of GIP, and the symptoms were comparable to those of the GFD. This pilot study provides evidence that bread from RNAi E82 flour does not elicit an immune response after a short-term oral challenge and could help manage GFD in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María H. Guzmán-López
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.H.G.-L.); (S.S.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Susana Sánchez-León
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.H.G.-L.); (S.S.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.H.G.-L.); (S.S.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Isabel Comino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (I.C.); (V.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Verónica Segura
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (I.C.); (V.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Luis Vaquero
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | | | - Jorge Pastor
- Novapan, S.L., C/Chopo, 68-70, La Puebla de Alfindén, 50171 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Carolina Sousa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (I.C.); (V.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Santiago Vivas
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of León, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (L.V.); (S.V.)
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture—Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; (M.H.G.-L.); (S.S.-L.); (M.M.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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Camarero C, De Andrés A, García-Hoz C, Roldán B, Muriel A, León F, Roy G. Assessment of Duodenal Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Composition (Lymphogram) for Accurate and Prompt Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Pediatric Patients. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2021; 12:e00426. [PMID: 34757327 PMCID: PMC8585297 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitative and phenotypic analyses of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) by flow cytometry (IEL lymphogram) confer specificity and enable the diagnosis even in unconventional presentations of celiac disease (CD). To evaluate the validity of the IEL lymphograms in the pediatric population for new insights into their use as biomarkers in the natural history of CD. METHODS We retrospectively included 1,211 children (602 with active CD, 92 on a gluten-free diet, 47 with potential CD, and 470 nonceliac controls) who required duodenal biopsies in this study. The cutoff values for IEL subsets were established to calculate the probability of disease according to the lymphogram. RESULTS A celiac lymphogram (a ≥15% increase in gamma-delta T-cell receptor IELs and a simultaneous ≤6% decrease in CD3 surface-negative [sCD3-]) IELs was strongly associated with the diagnosis of active CD, which was present in 89.7% of the confirmed patients. The remaining 10% of the celiac patients had a partial celiac lymphogram (≥15% increase gamma-delta T-cell receptor IELs or ≤6% decrease in sCD3- IELs), with lower diagnostic certainty. On a gluten-free diet, nearly 20% of the patients were indistinguishable from nonceliac subjects based on the lymphogram. In potential CD, a decrease in sCD3- IELs was a risk marker of progression to villous atrophy and a diagnosis of active CD. DISCUSSION If a biopsy is clinically indicated, the IEL lymphogram adds specificity to the histological findings, reducing diagnostic delays and misdiagnoses. The lymphogram is useful for monitoring the natural progression of the disease and predicting the transition from potential celiac to overt CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Camarero
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, University of Alcal, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana De Andrés
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlota García-Hoz
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Spain;
| | - Belén Roldán
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, University of Alcal, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Clinical Biostatistic Unit, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal IRYCIS, CIBERESP Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Garbiñe Roy
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS Madrid, Spain;
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Immunological Analytical Techniques for Cosmetics Quality Control and Process Monitoring. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetics analysis represents a rapidly expanding field of analytical chemistry as new cosmetic formulations are increasingly in demand on the market and the ingredients required for their production are constantly evolving. Each country applies strict legislation regarding substances in the final product that must be prohibited or regulated. To verify the compliance of cosmetics with current regulations, official analytical methods are available to reveal and quantitatively determine the analytes of interest. However, since ingredients, and the lists of regulated/prohibited substances, rapidly change, dedicated analytical methods must be developed ad hoc to fulfill the new requirements. Research focuses on finding innovative techniques that allow a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive detection of the target analytes in cosmetics. Among the different methods proposed, immunological techniques are gaining interest, as they make it possible to carry out low-cost analyses on raw materials and finished products in a relatively short time. Indeed, immunoassays are based on the specific and selective antibody/antigen reaction, and they have been extensively applied for clinical diagnostic, alimentary quality control and environmental security purposes, and even for routine analysis. Since the complexity and variability of the matrices, as well as the great variety of compounds present in cosmetics, are analogous with those from food sources, immunological methods could also be applied successfully in this field. Indeed, this would provide a valid approach for the monitoring of industrial production chains even in developing countries, which are currently the greatest producers of cosmetics and the major exporters of raw materials. This review aims to highlight the immunological techniques proposed for cosmetics analysis, focusing on the detection of prohibited/regulated compounds, bacteria and toxins, and allergenic substances, and the identification of counterfeits.
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Stamnaes J. Insights from tissue "omics" analysis on intestinal remodeling in celiac disease. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100057. [PMID: 34633755 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a prevalent intestinal disorder that only develops in genetically susceptible individuals when they mount a harmful CD4+ T-cell response towards gluten peptides. Intake of gluten leads to inflammation and remodeling of the small intestine with symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. The only current treatment is a lifelong gluten free diet. The immunological basis for CeD is well characterized but the mechanisms that drive intestinal remodeling are still poorly understood. Transcriptome or proteome analysis of intestinal biopsies gives a global snapshot of all processes that occur in the tissue, including alterations in the epithelial cell layer. This paper will introduce concepts of intestinal remodeling, recapitulate the current understanding of CeD pathogenesis and discuss findings from relevant tissue "omics" studies. On the basis of this review, I give perspectives on what tissue "omics" studies can tell us about disease pathogenesis with a particular focus on the gluten induced intestinal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorunn Stamnaes
- Department of Immunology, K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Ranking of immunodominant epitopes in celiac disease: Identification of reliable parameters for the safety assessment of innovative food proteins. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112584. [PMID: 34582965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A ranking of gluten T-cell epitopes triggering celiac disease (CD) for its potential application in the safety assessment of innovative food proteins is developed. This ranking takes into account clinical relevance and information derived from key steps involved in the CD pathogenic pathway: enzymatic digestion, epitope binding to HLA-DQ receptors of the antigen-presenting cells and activation of pro-inflammatory CD4 T-cells, which recognizes the HLA-DQ-epitope complex and initiates the inflammatory response. In silico chymotrypsin digestion was the most discriminatory tool for the ranking of gluten T-cell epitopes among all digestive enzymes studied, classifying 81% and 60% of epitopes binding HLA-DQ2.5 and HLA-DQ8 molecules, respectively, with a high risk. A positive relationship between the number of prolines and the risk of gluten T-cell epitopes was identified. HLA-binding data analysis revealed the additional role played by the flanking regions of the 9-mer epitopes whereas the integration of T-cell activation data into the ranking strategy was incomplete because it was difficult to combine results from different studies. The overall ranking proposed in decreasing order of immunological relevance was: α-gliadins > ω-gliadins > hordeins > γ-gliadins ∼ avenins ∼ secalins > glutenins. This novel approach can be considered as a first step to reshape the risk assessment strategy of innovative proteins and their potential to trigger CD.
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Hudec M, Riegerová K, Pala J, Kútna V, Černá M, O´Leary VB. Celiac Disease Defined by Over-Sensitivity to Gliadin Activation and Superior Antigen Presentation of Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189982. [PMID: 34576145 PMCID: PMC8469067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune condition, Celiac Disease (CeD), displays broad clinical symptoms due to gluten exposure. Its genetic association with DQ variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has been recognised. Monocyte-derived mature dendritic cells (MoDCs) present gluten peptides through HLA-DQ and co-stimulatory molecules to T lymphocytes, eliciting a cytokine-rich microenvironment. Having access to CeD associated families prevalent in the Czech Republic, this study utilised an in vitro model to investigate their differential monocyte profile. The higher monocyte yields isolated from PBMCs of CeD patients versus control individuals also reflected the greater proportion of dendritic cells derived from these sources following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ peptic-tryptic-gliadin (PTG) fragment stimulation. Cell surface markers of CeD monocytes and MoDCs were subsequently profiled. This foremost study identified a novel bio-profile characterised by elevated CD64 and reduced CD33 levels, unique to CD14++ monocytes of CeD patients. Normalisation to LPS stimulation revealed the increased sensitivity of CeD-MoDCs to PTG, as shown by CD86 and HLA-DQ flow cytometric readouts. Enhanced CD86 and HLA-DQ expression in CeD-MoDCs were revealed by confocal microscopy. Analysis highlighted their dominance at the CeD-MoDC membrane in comparison to controls, reflective of superior antigen presentation ability. In conclusion, this investigative study deciphered the monocytes and MoDCs of CeD patients with the identification of a novel bio-profile marker of potential diagnostic value for clinical interpretation. Herein, the characterisation of CD86 and HLA-DQ as activators to stimulants, along with robust membrane assembly reflective of efficient antigen presentation, offers CeD targeted therapeutic avenues worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hudec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kamila Riegerová
- Department of Immunology and Clinical Biochemistry, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Pala
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic;
| | - Viera Kútna
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Černá
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
| | - Valerie Bríd O´Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Č.); (V.B.O.)
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Gandini A, Gededzha MP, De Maayer T, Barrow P, Mayne E. Diagnosing coeliac disease: A literature review. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:930-936. [PMID: 34462157 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune gastroenteropathy triggered by gliadin and gliadin-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) complexes. CD is one of the few autoimmune diseases with an accurate, non-invasive serological test. Anti-endomysial, anti-tTG and anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP) antibodies are currently used for serological tests with tTG ELISAs being the superior test. Duodenal biopsy, although invasive, is the gold standard for CD diagnosis. HLA genotyping and flow cytometry can also be used as supplementary tests. The incidence of CD is rising globally although the reasons for this remain unclear. In addition, the true incidence of coeliac disease in African populations remains unknown although recent work suggests that South African populations express the alleles associated with this disease. This review examines the pathogenesis and diagnosis of coeliac disease and considers novel and innovative biomarkers in its diagnosis specifically in an African population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gandini
- University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Maemu P Gededzha
- University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tim De Maayer
- University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, South Africa
| | - Peter Barrow
- University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Mayne
- University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Nutritional Imbalances in Adult Celiac Patients Following a Gluten-Free Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082877. [PMID: 34445038 PMCID: PMC8398893 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the small intestine, whose only effective treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD). It is characterized by the atrophy of the intestinal villi that leads to altered nutrient absorption. This study describes the nutritional imbalances which may be found in adults with CD following a GFD. During the first year of treatment, deficiencies will overcome as the intestinal mucosa recovers. Thus, biochemical data will show this progression, together with the decrease in symptoms. In contrast, in the long term, when a strict GFD is followed and mucosal recovery is achieved, analyzing nutrient intake makes more sense. Macronutrient consumption is characterized by its low complex carbohydrate and fiber intakes, and high fat (especially SFA) and sugar intakes. This profile has been related to the consumption of GFP and their nutritional composition, in addition to unbalanced dietary habits. The most notable deficiencies in micronutrients are usually those of iron, calcium and magnesium and vitamin D, E and some of group B. It is necessary to follow up patients with CD and to promote nutritional education among them, since it could help not only to achieve a gluten free but also a balanced diet.
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Yu Z, She M, Zheng T, Diepeveen D, Islam S, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Tang G, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Blanchard CL, Ma W. Impact and mechanism of sulphur-deficiency on modern wheat farming nitrogen-related sustainability and gliadin content. Commun Biol 2021; 4:945. [PMID: 34362999 PMCID: PMC8346565 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two challenges that the global wheat industry is facing are a lowering nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and an increase in the reporting of wheat-protein related health issues. Sulphur deficiencies in soil has also been reported as a global issue. The current study used large-scale field and glasshouse experiments to investigate the sulphur fertilization impacts on sulphur deficient soil. Here we show that sulphur addition increased NUE by more than 20% through regulating glutamine synthetase. Alleviating the soil sulphur deficiency highly significantly reduced the amount of gliadin proteins indicating that soil sulphur levels may be related to the biosynthesis of proteins involved in wheat-induced human pathologies. The sulphur-dependent wheat gluten biosynthesis network was studied using transcriptome analysis and amino acid metabolomic pathway studies. The study concluded that sulphur deficiency in modern farming systems is not only having a profound negative impact on productivity but is also impacting on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yu
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Maoyun She
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ting Zheng
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Triticeas Research Institute, Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dean Diepeveen
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixiang Tang
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grain, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Zimmermann J, Hubel P, Pfannstiel J, Afzal M, Longin CFH, Hitzmann B, Götz H, Bischoff SC. Comprehensive proteome analysis of bread deciphering the allergenic potential of bread wheat, spelt and rye. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104318. [PMID: 34224905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cereal products like flour and bread are known to trigger diseases such as wheat allergy, celiac disease and non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Some of these diseases are caused by allergenic proteins, the expression of which might vary depending on the grain type and manufacturing processes. Therefore, we examined the protein composition and abundance of potentially allergenic proteins in flours from bread wheat, spelt and rye, and corresponding breads. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS and label free quantification (LFQ) we analyzed the proteome of six different bread flours (wholegrain and superfine flours from rye, spelt and bread wheat) and 14 bread types (yeast and sourdough fermented breads from all flours and wheat breads plus/minus bread improver). Potentially allergenic proteins in flours and breads were functionally categorized using the Pfam database and relatively quantified by LFQ. RESULTS We could show that almost equal numbers of proteins can be identified in rye- and spelt samples compared to wheat samples using the Uniprot bread wheat protein database, indicating high sequence conservation between cereals. In total, 4424 proteins were identified in the 20 flour and bread samples. The average number of identified proteins in flour (2719 ± 243) was slightly higher than in bread (2283 ± 232; P < 0.001). In wheat- and spelt wholegrain flour higher protein numbers (wheat: 2891 ± 90; spelt: 2743 ± 140) were identified on average than in superfine flour (wheat: 2562 ± 79; P = 0.009; spelt: 2431 ± 140; P = 0.004). Neither the absolute number nor the abundance distribution of potentially allergenic proteins were dependent on the flour type or the fermentation process, but known allergenic proteins like gliadins showed higher relative abundance in spelt- and wheat samples, compared to rye samples. CONCLUSION We provide comprehensive proteome data for six flour types and related breads showing that the grain species have greater influence on proteome composition than milling and fermentation processes. Our data indicate that allergenic proteins are not selectively degraded during bread production and are more abundant in bread wheat and spelt compared to rye. SIGNIFICANCE Our proteomics study revealed that bread contains a number of potentially and proven allergenic proteins. Most likely allergenicity is not dependent on milling or conventional fermentation processes, but on the grain type. Relative abundance of allergenic proteins was higher in spelt- and wheat samples than in rye samples. Considering rye bread as better suited to atopic individuals predisposed to react to cereal allergens, clinical trials are warranted to verify this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmermann
- Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
| | - Philipp Hubel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Module, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Strasse 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jens Pfannstiel
- Core Facility Hohenheim, Mass Spectrometry Module, University of Hohenheim, August-von-Hartmann-Strasse 3, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - C Friedrich H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hitzmann
- Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße, 23 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Herbert Götz
- Department of Process Analytics and Cereal Science, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße, 23 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 12, Stuttgart 70593, Germany.
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Osafo N, Antwi AO, Mante PK, Osei YA, Yeboah OK, Otu-Boakye S. Cutaneous and systemic anti-allergic potential of xylopic acid in rodents. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rossi S, Giordano D, Mazzeo MF, Maurano F, Luongo D, Facchiano A, Siciliano RA, Rossi M. Transamidation Down-Regulates Intestinal Immunity of Recombinant α-Gliadin in HLA-DQ8 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137019. [PMID: 34209932 PMCID: PMC8268696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic transamidation of gliadins by microbial transglutaminase (mTG) inhibits interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by intestinal T cell lines in patients with celiac disease (CD). To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying the down-regulatory effects of transamidation, we tested a single recombinant α-gliadin (r-gliadin) harbouring two immunodominant peptides, p13 (aa. 120–139) and p23 (aa. 220–239), in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice, a model of gluten sensitivity. Mice were intranasally immunised with r-gliadin or r-gliadin transamidated by mTG (K-r-gliadin) along with cholera toxin, and the response of mesenteric lymph node cells was analysed by cytokine multiplex assay. An in vitro challenge with r-gliadin was characterised by secretion of specific cytokines featuring both innate immunity and the Th1/Th2/Th17 pattern of the adaptive response. Notably, transamidation specifically down-regulated the Th1 response. Structural studies performed on K-r-gliadin confirmed that specific glutamine residues in p13 and p23, previously found to be deamidated by tissue transglutaminase, were also transamidated by mTG. In silico analysis, simulating p13 and p23 peptide binding to HLA-DQ8 showed that these glutamines, in the form of glutamate, could interact by means of salt bridges with peculiar amino acids of the alpha chain of HLA-DQ8, suggesting that their transamidation may influence the HLA-restricted recognition of these peptides. Thus, the structural findings provided a rationale to explain the down-regulation of the r-gliadin-specific Th1 response following transamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Rossi
- Immunobiology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (S.R.); (F.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Deborah Giordano
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (D.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Maria Fiorella Mazzeo
- Proteomics and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.F.M.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Immunobiology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (S.R.); (F.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Immunobiology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (S.R.); (F.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Angelo Facchiano
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (D.G.); (A.F.)
| | - Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Proteomics and Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (M.F.M.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Immunobiology Unit, CNR, Institute of Food Sciences, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (S.R.); (F.M.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-825-299371
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Ponce de León C, Lorite P, López-Casado MÁ, Barro F, Palomeque T, Torres MI. Significance of PD1 Alternative Splicing in Celiac Disease as a Novel Source for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678400. [PMID: 34220824 PMCID: PMC8242946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We have focused on the alteration of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in celiac disease and discussed the roles of the PD1 pathway in regulating the immune response. We explored the idea that the altered mRNA splicing process in key regulatory proteins could represent a novel source to identify diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in celiac disease. Methods We characterized the PD1 mRNA variants' profile in CD patients and in response to gluten peptides' incubation after in vitro experiments. Total RNA from whole blood was isolated, and the coding region of the human PD-1 mRNA was amplified by cDNA PCR. Results PCR amplification of the human PD-1 coding sequence revealed an association between the over-expression of the sPD-1 protein and the PD-1Δex3 transcript in celiac disease. Thus, we have found three novel alternative spliced isoforms, two of which result in a truncated protein and the other isoform with a loss of 14 aa of exon 2 and complete exon 3 (Δ3) which could encode a new soluble form of PD1 (sPD-1). Conclusions Our study provides evidence that dietary gluten can modulate processes required for cell homeostasis through the splicing of pre-mRNAs encoding key regulatory proteins, which represents an adaptive mechanism in response to different nutritional conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Lorite
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Teresa Palomeque
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - María Isabel Torres
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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