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Jia W, Czabanka M, Broggini T. Cell blebbing novel therapeutic possibilities to counter metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10308-z. [PMID: 39222238 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cells constantly reshape there plasma membrane and cytoskeleton during physiological and pathological processes (Hagmann et al. in J Cell Biochem 73:488-499, 1999). Cell blebbing, the formation of bulges or protrusions on the cell membrane, is related to mechanical stress, changes in intracellular pressure, chemical signals, or genetic anomalies. These membrane bulges interfere with the force balance of actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments, the basic components of the cytoskeleton (Charras in J Microsc 231:466-478, 2008). In the past, these blebs with circular structures were considered apoptotic markers (Blaser et al. in Dev Cell 11:613-627, 2006). Cell blebbing activates phagocytes and promotes the rapid removal of intrinsic compartments. However, recent studies have revealed that blebbing is associated with dynamic cell reorganization and alters the movement of cells in-vivo and in-vitro (Charras and Paluch in Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:730-736, 2008). During tumor progression, blebbing promotes invasion of cancer cells into blood, and lymphatic vessels, facilitating tumor progression and metastasis (Weems et al. in Nature 615:517-525, 2023). Blebbing is a dominant feature of tumor cells generally absent in normal cells. Restricting tumor blebbing reduces anoikis resistance (survival in suspension) (Weems et al. in Nature 615:517-525, 2023). Hence, therapeutic intervention with targeting blebbing could be highly selective for proliferating pro-metastatic tumor cells, providing a novel therapeutic pathway for tumor metastasis with minimal side effects. Here, we review the association between cell blebbing and tumor cells, to uncover new research directions and strategies for metastatic cancer therapy. Finaly, we aim to identify the druggable targets of metastatic cancer in relation to cell blebbing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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2
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Robertson TF, Schrope J, Zwick Z, Rindy JK, Horn A, Huttenlocher A. Live imaging in zebrafish reveals tissue-specific strategies for amoeboid migration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.607647. [PMID: 39211200 PMCID: PMC11360923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.607647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Amoeboid cells like leukocytes can enter and migrate within virtually every tissue of the body, even though tissues vary widely in their chemical and mechanical composition. Here, we imaged motile T cells as they colonized peripheral tissues during zebrafish development to ask if cells tailor their migration strategy to their local tissue environment. We found that T cells in most sites migrated with f-actin-rich leading-edge pseudopods, matching how they migrate in vitro . T cells notably deviated from this strategy in the epidermis, where they instead migrated using a rearward concentration of f-actin and stable leading-edge blebs. This mode of migration occurs under planar confinement in vitro , and we correspondingly found the stratified keratinocyte layers of the epidermis impose planar-like confinement on leukocytes in vivo . By imaging the same cell type across the body, our data collectively indicates that cells adapt their migration strategy to navigate different tissue geometries in vivo .
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3
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Caruso AP, Logue JS. The biophysics of cell motility through mechanochemically challenging environments. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 90:102404. [PMID: 39053178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Challenging mechanochemical environments (i.e., with varied mechanical and adhesive properties) are now known to induce a wide range of adaptive phenomena in motile cells. For instance, confinement and low adhesion may trigger a phenotypic transition to fast amoeboid (leader bleb-based) migration. The molecular mechanisms that underly these phenomena are beginning to be understood. Due to its size, the mechanical properties of the nucleus have been shown to limit and facilitate cell migration. Additionally, the activity of various transient receptor potential (TRP) channels is now known to be integral to cell migration in response to a multitude of biophysical stimuli. How cells integrate signals from the nucleus and plasma membrane, however, is unclear. The development of therapeutics that suppress cancer or enhance immune cell migration for immuno-oncology applications, etc., will require additional work to completely understand the molecular mechanisms that enable cells to navigate mechanochemically challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa P Caruso
- Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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4
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Alonso-Matilla R, Provenzano PP, Odde DJ. Biophysical modeling identifies an optimal hybrid amoeboid-mesenchymal phenotype for maximal T cell migration speeds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.29.564655. [PMID: 39026744 PMCID: PMC11257493 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.29.564655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent experimental progress in characterizing cell migration mechanics, our understanding of the mechanisms governing rapid cell movement remains limited. To effectively limit tumor growth, antitumoral T cells need to rapidly migrate to find and kill cancer cells. To investigate the upper limits of cell speed, we developed a new hybrid stochastic-mean field model of bleb-based cell motility. We first examined the potential for adhesion-free bleb-based migration and show that cells migrate inefficiently in the absence of adhesion-based forces, i.e., cell swimming. While no cortical contractility oscillations are needed for cells to swim in viscoelastic media, high-to-low cortical contractility oscillations are necessary for cell swimming in viscous media. This involves a high cortical contractility phase with multiple bleb nucleation events, followed by an intracellular pressure buildup recovery phase at low cortical tensions, resulting in modest net cell motion. However, our model suggests that cells can employ a hybrid bleb- and adhesion-based migration mechanism for rapid cell motility and identifies conditions for optimality. The model provides a momentum-conserving mechanism underlying rapid single-cell migration and identifies factors as design criteria for engineering T cell therapies to improve movement in mechanically complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alonso-Matilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paolo P. Provenzano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - David J. Odde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- University of Minnesota Center for Multiparametric Imaging of Tumor Immune Microenvironments, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
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5
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Featherby SJ, Ettelaie C. Endothelial-derived microvesicles promote pro-migratory cross-talk with smooth muscle cells by a mechanism requiring tissue factor and PAR2 activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1365008. [PMID: 38966751 PMCID: PMC11222581 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1365008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microvesicles (MV) released by endothelial cells (EC) following injury or inflammation contain tissue factor (TF) and mediate communication with the underlying smooth muscle cells (SMC). Ser253-phosphorylated TF co-localizes with filamin A at the leading edge of migrating SMC. In this study, the influence of endothelial-derived TF-MV, on human coronary artery SMC (HCASMC) migration was examined. Methods and Results MV derived from human coronary artery EC (HCAEC) expressing TFWt accelerated HCASMC migration, but was lower with cytoplasmic domain-deleted TF. Furthermore, incubation with TFAsp253-MV, or expression of TFAsp253 in HCASMC, reduced cell migration. Blocking TF-factor VIIa (TF-fVIIa) procoagulant/protease activity, or inhibiting PAR2 signaling on HCASMC, abolished the accelerated migration. Incubation with fVIIa alone increased HCASMC migration, but was significantly enhanced on supplementation with TF. Neither recombinant TF alone, factor Xa, nor PAR2-activating peptide (SLIGKV) influenced cell migration. In other experiments, HCASMC were transfected with peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of TF prior to stimulation with TF-fVIIa. Cell migration was suppressed only when the peptides were phosphorylated at position of Ser253. Expression of mutant forms of filamin A in HCASMC indicated that the enhancement of migration by TF but not by PDGF-BB, was dependent on the presence of repeat-24 within filamin A. Incubation of HCASMC with TFWt-MV significantly reduced the levels of Smoothelin-B protein, and upregulated FAK expression. Discussion In conclusion, Ser253-phosphorylated TF and fVIIa released as MV-cargo by EC, act in conjunction with PAR2 on SMC to promote migration and may be crucial for normal arterial homeostasis as well as, during development of vascular disease.
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10241. [PMID: 38702365 PMCID: PMC11068741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames St, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 81 Columbia Turnpike, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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7
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Jackson CE, Green NH, English WR, Claeyssens F. The use of microphysiological systems to model metastatic cancer. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032002. [PMID: 38579739 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad3b70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the 21st century, with metastasis of cancer attributing to 90% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, to improve patient outcomes there is a need for better preclinical models to increase the success of translating oncological therapies into the clinic. Current traditional staticin vitromodels lack a perfusable network which is critical to overcome the diffusional mass transfer limit to provide a mechanism for the exchange of essential nutrients and waste removal, and increase their physiological relevance. Furthermore, these models typically lack cellular heterogeneity and key components of the immune system and tumour microenvironment. This review explores rapidly developing strategies utilising perfusable microphysiological systems (MPS) for investigating cancer cell metastasis. In this review we initially outline the mechanisms of cancer metastasis, highlighting key steps and identifying the current gaps in our understanding of the metastatic cascade, exploring MPS focused on investigating the individual steps of the metastatic cascade before detailing the latest MPS which can investigate multiple components of the cascade. This review then focuses on the factors which can affect the performance of an MPS designed for cancer applications with a final discussion summarising the challenges and future directions for the use of MPS for cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Jackson
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola H Green
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - William R English
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR3 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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8
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Yang S, Shi Z. Quantification of membrane geometry and protein sorting on cell membrane protrusions using fluorescence microscopy. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:385-411. [PMID: 38971608 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plasma membranes are flexible and can exhibit numerous shapes below the optical diffraction limit. The shape of cell periphery can either induce or be a product of local protein density changes, encoding numerous cellular functions. However, quantifying membrane curvature and the ensuing sorting of proteins in live cells remains technically demanding. Here, we demonstrate the use of simple widefield fluorescence microscopy to study the geometrical properties (i.e., radius, length, and number) of thin membrane protrusions. Importantly, the quantification of protrusion radius establishes a platform for studying the curvature preferences of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Zheng Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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9
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Chandrasekaran A, Graham K, Stachowiak JC, Rangamani P. Kinetic trapping organizes actin filaments within liquid-like protein droplets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3139. [PMID: 38605007 PMCID: PMC11009352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Several actin-binding proteins (ABPs) phase separate to form condensates capable of curating the actin network shapes. Here, we use computational modeling to understand the principles of actin network organization within VASP condensate droplets. Our simulations reveal that the different actin shapes, namely shells, rings, and mixture states are highly dependent on the kinetics of VASP-actin interactions, suggesting that they arise from kinetic trapping. Specifically, we show that reducing the residence time of VASP on actin filaments reduces degree of bundling, thereby promoting assembly of shells rather than rings. We validate the model predictions experimentally using a VASP-mutant with decreased bundling capability. Finally, we investigate the ring opening within deformed droplets and found that the sphere-to-ellipsoid transition is favored under a wide range of filament lengths while the ellipsoid-to-rod transition is only permitted when filaments have a specific range of lengths. Our findings highlight key mechanisms of actin organization within phase-separated ABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Chandrasekaran
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA
| | - Kristin Graham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jeanne C Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0411, USA.
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10
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Ullo MF, D'Amico AE, Lavenus SB, Logue JS. The amoeboid migration of monocytes in confining channels requires the local remodeling of the cortical actin cytoskeleton by cofilin-1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.11.553020. [PMID: 37609240 PMCID: PMC10441414 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.11.553020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Within the bloodstream, monocytes must traverse the microvasculature to prevent leukostasis, which is the entrapment of monocytes within the confines of the microvasculature. Using the model cell line, THP-1, and VCAM-1 coated channels to simulate the microvasculature surface, we demonstrate that monocytes predominantly adopt an amoeboid phenotype, which is characterized by the formation of blebs. As opposed to cortical actin flow in leader blebs, cell movement is correlated with myosin contraction at the cell rear. It was previously documented that cofilin-1 promotes cortical actin turnover at leader bleb necks in melanoma cells. In monocytes, our data suggest that cofilin-1 promotes the local upregulation of myosin contractility through actin cytoskeleton remodeling. In support of this concept, cofilin-1 is found to localize to a single cell edge. Moreover, the widespread upregulation of myosin contractility was found to inhibit migration. Thus, monocytes within the microvasculature may avoid entrapment by adopting an amoeboid mode of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Ullo
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Anna E D'Amico
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Sandrine B Lavenus
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Jeremy S Logue
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12208
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11
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Dey S, Mohapatra S, Khokhar M, Hassan S, Pandey RK. Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: Shedding Light on Pathogenic Depths. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:827-844. [PMID: 38320272 PMCID: PMC10928723 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The epidemiological data for 2021 revealed a staggering toll, with 247 million reported cases and 619,000 fatalities attributed to the disease. This formidable global health challenge continues to perplex researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of its pathogenesis. Recent investigations have unveiled the pivotal role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this intricate landscape. These tiny, membrane-bound vesicles, secreted by diverse cells, emerge as pivotal communicators in malaria's pathogenic orchestra. This Review delves into the multifaceted roles of EVs in malaria pathogenesis, elucidating their impact on disease progression and immune modulation. Insights into EV involvement offer potential therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Integrating this information identifies targets to mitigate malaria's global impact. Moreover, this Review explores the potential of EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in malaria. By deciphering the intricate dialogue facilitated by these vesicles, new avenues for intervention and novel strategies for disease management may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangita Dey
- CSO
Department, Cellworks Research India Pvt
Ltd, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Salini Mohapatra
- Department
of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Manoj Khokhar
- Department
of Biochemistry, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India
| | - Sana Hassan
- Department
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
Education, Dubai 345050, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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12
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Legere EA, Baumholtz AI, Lachance JFB, Archer M, Piontek J, Ryan AK. Claudin-3 in the non-neural ectoderm is essential for neural fold fusion in chicken embryos. Dev Biol 2024; 507:20-33. [PMID: 38154769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The neural tube, the embryonic precursor to the brain and spinal cord, begins as a flat sheet of epithelial cells, divided into non-neural and neural ectoderm. Proper neural tube closure requires that the edges of the neural ectoderm, the neural folds, to elevate upwards and fuse along the dorsal midline of the embryo. We have previously shown that members of the claudin protein family are required for the early phases of chick neural tube closure. Claudins are transmembrane proteins, localized in apical tight junctions within epithelial cells where they are essential for regulation of paracellular permeability, strongly involved in apical-basal polarity, cell-cell adhesion, and bridging the tight junction to cytoplasmic proteins. Here we explored the role of Claudin-3 (Cldn3), which is specifically expressed in the non-neural ectoderm. We discovered that depletion of Cldn3 causes folic acid-insensitive primarily spinal neural tube defects due to a failure in neural fold fusion. Apical cell surface morphology of Cldn3-depleted non-neural ectodermal cells exhibited increased membrane blebbing and smaller apical surfaces. Although apical-basal polarity was retained, we observed altered Par3 and Pals1 protein localization patterns within the apical domain of the non-neural ectodermal cells in Cldn3-depleted embryos. Furthermore, F-actin signal was reduced at apical junctions. Our data presents a model of spina bifida, and the role that Cldn3 is playing in regulating essential apical cell processes in the non-neural ectoderm required for neural fold fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth-Ann Legere
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Amanda I Baumholtz
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | - Jörg Piontek
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aimee K Ryan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Kim OV, Litvinov RI, Gagne AL, French DL, Brass LF, Weisel JW. Megakaryocyte-induced contraction of plasma clots: cellular mechanisms and structural mechanobiology. Blood 2024; 143:548-560. [PMID: 37944157 PMCID: PMC11033616 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nonmuscle cell contractility is an essential feature underlying diverse cellular processes such as motility, morphogenesis, division and genome replication, intracellular transport, and secretion. Blood clot contraction is a well-studied process driven by contracting platelets. Megakaryocytes (MKs), which are the precursors to platelets, can be found in bone marrow and lungs. Although they express many of the same proteins and structures found in platelets, little is known about their ability to engage with extracellular proteins such as fibrin and contract. Here, we have measured the ability of MKs to compress plasma clots. Megakaryocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were suspended in human platelet-free blood plasma and stimulated with thrombin. Using real-time macroscale optical tracking, confocal microscopy, and biomechanical measurements, we found that activated iPSC-derived MKs (iMKs) caused macroscopic volumetric clot shrinkage, as well as densification and stiffening of the fibrin network via fibrin-attached plasma membrane protrusions undergoing extension-retraction cycles that cause shortening and bending of fibrin fibers. Contraction induced by iMKs involved 2 kinetic phases with distinct rates and durations. It was suppressed by inhibitors of nonmuscle myosin IIA, actin polymerization, and integrin αIIbβ3-fibrin interactions, indicating that the molecular mechanisms of iMK contractility were similar or identical to those in activated platelets. Our findings provide new insights into MK biomechanics and suggest that iMKs can be used as a model system to study platelet contractility. Physiologically, the ability of MKs to contract plasma clots may play a role in the mechanical remodeling of intravascular blood clots and thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Rustem I. Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alyssa L. Gagne
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Deborah L. French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lawrence F. Brass
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John W. Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Hanafy MS, Cui Z. Connexin-Containing Vesicles for Drug Delivery. AAPS J 2024; 26:20. [PMID: 38267725 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Connexin is a transmembrane protein present on the cell membrane of most cell types. Connexins assemble into a hexameric hemichannel known as connexon that pairs with another hemichannel present on a neighboring cell to form gap junction that acts as a channel or pore for the transport of ions and small molecules between the cytoplasm of the two cells. Extracellular vesicles released from connexin-expressing cells could carry connexin hemichannels on their surface and couple with another connexin hemichannel on a distant recipient cell to allow the transfer of the intravesicular content directly into the cytoplasm. Connexin-containing vesicles can be potentially utilized for intracellular drug delivery. In this review, we introduced cell-derived, connexin-containing extracellular vesicles and cell-free connexin-containing liposomes, methods of preparing them, procedures to load cargos in them, factors regulating the connexin hemichannel activity, (potential) applications of connexin-containing vesicles in drug delivery, and finally the challenges and future directions in realizing the promises of this platform delivery system for (intracellular) drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Hanafy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
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15
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Tewari M, Michalski S, Egan TM. Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human. Cells 2024; 13:161. [PMID: 38247852 PMCID: PMC10814008 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors are a family of seven ATP-gated ion channels that trigger physiological and pathophysiological responses in a variety of cells. Five of the family members are sensitive to low concentrations of extracellular ATP, while the P2X6 receptor has an unknown affinity. The last subtype, the P2X7 receptor, is unique in requiring millimolar concentrations to fully activate in humans. This low sensitivity imparts the agonist with the ability to act as a damage-associated molecular pattern that triggers the innate immune response in response to the elevated levels of extracellular ATP that accompany inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we focus on microglia because they are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system, and they activate in response to ATP or its synthetic analog, BzATP. We start by introducing purinergic receptors and then briefly consider the roles that microglia play in neurodevelopment and disease by referencing both original works and relevant reviews. Next, we move to the role of extracellular ATP and P2X receptors in initiating and/or modulating innate immunity in the central nervous system. While most of the data that we review involve work on mice and rats, we highlight human studies of P2X7R whenever possible.
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16
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Zhovmer AS, Manning A, Smith C, Nguyen A, Prince O, Sáez PJ, Ma X, Tsygankov D, Cartagena-Rivera AX, Singh NA, Singh RK, Tabdanov ED. Septins provide microenvironment sensing and cortical actomyosin partitioning in motile amoeboid T lymphocytes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi1788. [PMID: 38170778 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The all-terrain motility of lymphocytes in tissues and tissue-like gels is best described as amoeboid motility. For amoeboid motility, lymphocytes do not require specific biochemical or structural modifications to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Instead, they rely on changing shape and steric interactions with the microenvironment. However, the exact mechanism of amoeboid motility remains elusive. Here, we report that septins participate in amoeboid motility of T cells, enabling the formation of F-actin and α-actinin-rich cortical rings at the sites of cell cortex-indenting collisions with the extracellular matrix. Cortical rings compartmentalize cells into chains of spherical segments that are spatially conformed to the available lumens, forming transient "hourglass"-shaped steric locks onto the surrounding collagen fibers. The steric lock facilitates pressure-driven peristaltic propulsion of cytosolic content by individually contracting cell segments. Our results suggest that septins provide microenvironment-guided partitioning of actomyosin contractility and steric pivots required for amoeboid motility of T cells in tissue-like microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Chynna Smith
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Nguyen
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Prince
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Cell Communication and Migration Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, and Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Denis Tsygankov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Niloy A Singh
- Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey-Hummelstown, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Chikina AS, Zholudeva AO, Lomakina ME, Kireev II, Dayal AA, Minin AA, Maurin M, Svitkina TM, Alexandrova AY. Plasma Membrane Blebbing Is Controlled by Subcellular Distribution of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments. Cells 2024; 13:105. [PMID: 38201309 PMCID: PMC10778383 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of specific cellular protrusions, plasma membrane blebs, underlies the amoeboid mode of cell motility, which is characteristic for free-living amoebae and leukocytes, and can also be adopted by stem and tumor cells to bypass unfavorable migration conditions and thus facilitate their long-distance migration. Not all cells are equally prone to bleb formation. We have previously shown that membrane blebbing can be experimentally induced in a subset of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, whereas other cells in the same culture under the same conditions retain non-blebbing mesenchymal morphology. Here we show that this heterogeneity is associated with the distribution of vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs). Using different approaches to alter the VIF organization, we show that blebbing activity is biased toward cell edges lacking abundant VIFs, whereas the VIF-rich regions of the cell periphery exhibit low blebbing activity. This pattern is observed both in interphase fibroblasts, with and without experimentally induced blebbing, and during mitosis-associated blebbing. Moreover, the downregulation of vimentin expression or displacement of VIFs away from the cell periphery promotes blebbing even in cells resistant to bleb-inducing treatments. Thus, we reveal a new important function of VIFs in cell physiology that involves the regulation of non-apoptotic blebbing essential for amoeboid cell migration and mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Chikina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
- Dynamics of Immune Responses Team, INSERM-U1223 Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna O. Zholudeva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Maria E. Lomakina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
| | - Igor I. Kireev
- Department of Biology and A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Dayal
- Institute of Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119988, Russia; (A.A.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Alexander A. Minin
- Institute of Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119988, Russia; (A.A.D.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris, France;
| | - Tatyana M. Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Antonina Y. Alexandrova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115478, Russia; (A.S.C.); (A.O.Z.); (M.E.L.)
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18
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Wang Z, Yang Y, Li S, Ma W, Wang K, Soberón M, Yan S, Shen J, Francis F, Bravo A, Zhang J. JAK/STAT signaling regulated intestinal regeneration defends insect pests against pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011823. [PMID: 38236820 PMCID: PMC10796011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of coordinated host-cell responses are activated as defense mechanisms against pore-forming toxins (PFTs). Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a worldwide used biopesticide whose efficacy and precise application methods limits its use to replace synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings. Here, we analyzed the intestinal defense mechanisms of two lepidopteran insect pests after intoxication with sublethal dose of Bt PFTs to find out potential functional genes. We show that larval intestinal epithelium was initially damaged by the PFTs and that larval survival was observed after intestinal epithelium regeneration. Further analyses showed that the intestinal regeneration caused by Cry9A protein is regulated through c-Jun NH (2) terminal kinase (JNK) and Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. JAK/STAT signaling regulates intestinal regeneration through proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells to defend three different Bt proteins including Cry9A, Cry1F or Vip3A in both insect pests, Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera frugiperda. Consequently, a nano-biopesticide was designed to improve pesticidal efficacy based on the combination of Stat double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-nanoparticles and Bt strain. This formulation controlled insect pests with better effect suggesting its potential use to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural settings for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity and MOA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Frederic Francis
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zholudeva AO, Potapov NS, Kozlova EA, Lomakina ME, Alexandrova AY. Impairment of Assembly of the Vimentin Intermediate Filaments Leads to Suppression of Formation and Maturation of Focal Contacts and Alteration of the Type of Cellular Protrusions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:184-195. [PMID: 38467554 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cell migration is largely determined by the type of protrusions formed by the cell. Mesenchymal migration is accomplished by formation of lamellipodia and/or filopodia, while amoeboid migration is based on bleb formation. Changing of migrational conditions can lead to alteration in the character of cell movement. For example, inhibition of the Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization by the CK-666 inhibitor leads to transition from mesenchymal to amoeboid motility mode. Ability of the cells to switch from one type of motility to another is called migratory plasticity. Cellular mechanisms regulating migratory plasticity are poorly understood. One of the factors determining the possibility of migratory plasticity may be the presence and/or organization of vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs). To investigate whether organization of the VIF network affects the ability of fibroblasts to form membrane blebs, we used rat embryo fibroblasts REF52 with normal VIF organization, fibroblasts with vimentin knockout (REF-/-), and fibroblasts with mutation inhibiting assembly of the full-length VIFs (REF117). Blebs formation was induced by treatment of cells with CK-666. Vimentin knockout did not lead to statistically significant increase in the number of cells with blebs. The fibroblasts with short fragments of vimentin demonstrate the significant increase in number of cells forming blebs both spontaneously and in the presence of CK-666. Disruption of the VIF organization did not lead to the significant changes in the microtubules network or the level of myosin light chain phosphorylation, but caused significant reduction in the focal contact system. The most pronounced and statistically significant decrease in both size and number of focal adhesions were observed in the REF117 cells. We believe that regulation of the membrane blebbing by VIFs is mediated by their effect on the focal adhesion system. Analysis of migration of fibroblasts with different organization of VIFs in a three-dimensional collagen gel showed that organization of VIFs determines the type of cell protrusions, which, in turn, determines the character of cell movement. A novel role of VIFs as a regulator of membrane blebbing, essential for manifestation of the migratory plasticity, is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Zholudeva
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Nikolay S Potapov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Kozlova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Maria E Lomakina
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 115478, Russia.
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20
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Heilala M, Lehtonen A, Arasalo O, Peura A, Pokki J, Ikkala O, Nonappa, Klefström J, Munne PM. Fibrin Stiffness Regulates Phenotypic Plasticity of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301137. [PMID: 37671812 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM)-regulated phenotypic plasticity is crucial for metastatic progression of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). While ECM faithful cell-based models are available for in situ and invasive tumors, such as cell aggregate cultures in reconstituted basement membrane and in collagenous gels, there are no ECM faithful models for metastatic circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Such models are essential to represent the stage of metastasis where clinical relevance and therapeutic opportunities are significant. Here, CTC-like DU4475 TNBC cells are cultured in mechanically tunable 3D fibrin hydrogels. This is motivated, as in circulation fibrin aids CTC survival by forming a protective coating reducing shear stress and immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity and promotes several stages of late metastatic processes at the interface between circulation and tissue. This work shows that fibrin hydrogels support DU4475 cell growth, resulting in spheroid formation. Furthermore, increasing fibrin stiffness from 57 to 175 Pa leads to highly motile, actin and tubulin containing cellular protrusions, which are associated with specific cell morphology and gene expression patterns that markedly differ from basement membrane or suspension cultures. Thus, mechanically tunable fibrin gels reveal specific matrix-based regulation of TNBC cell phenotype and offer scaffolds for CTC-like cells with better mechano-biological properties than liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Heilala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Arttu Lehtonen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Ossi Arasalo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Aino Peura
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Juho Pokki
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, P.O. Box 12200, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Aalto, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, Tampere, FI-33720, Finland
| | - Juha Klefström
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Pauliina M Munne
- Finnish Cancer Institute and FICAN South, Helsinki University Hospital & Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Ji C, Huang Y. Durotaxis and negative durotaxis: where should cells go? Commun Biol 2023; 6:1169. [PMID: 37973823 PMCID: PMC10654570 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Durotaxis and negative durotaxis are processes in which cell migration is directed by extracellular stiffness. Durotaxis is the tendency of cells to migrate toward stiffer areas, while negative durotaxis occurs when cells migrate toward regions with lower stiffness. The mechanisms of both processes are not yet fully understood. Additionally, the connection between durotaxis and negative durotaxis remains unclear. In this review, we compare the mechanisms underlying durotaxis and negative durotaxis, summarize the basic principles of both, discuss the possible reasons why some cell types exhibit durotaxis while others exhibit negative durotaxis, propose mechanisms of switching between these processes, and emphasize the challenges in the investigation of durotaxis and negative durotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Ji
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuxing Huang
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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22
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Asante-Asamani E, Dalton M, Brazill D, Strychalski W. Modeling the dynamics of actin and myosin during bleb stabilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564082. [PMID: 37961169 PMCID: PMC10634845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The actin cortex is very dynamic during migration of eukaryotes. In cells that use blebs as leading-edge protrusions, the cortex reforms beneath the cell membrane (bleb cortex) and completely disassembles at the site of bleb initiation. Remnants of the actin cortex at the site of bleb nucleation are referred to as the actin scar. We refer to the combined process of cortex reformation along with the degradation of the actin scar during bleb-based cell migration as bleb stabilization. The molecular factors that regulate the dynamic reorganization of the cortex are not fully understood. Myosin motor protein activity has been shown to be necessary for blebbing, with its major role associated with pressure generation to drive bleb expansion. Here, we examine the role of myosin in regulating cortex dynamics during bleb stabilization. Analysis of microscopy data from protein localization experiments in Dictyostelium discoideum cells reveals a rapid formation of the bleb's cortex with a delay in myosin accumulation. In the degrading actin scar, myosin is observed to accumulate before active degradation of the cortex begins. Through a combination of mathematical modeling and data fitting, we identify that myosin helps regulate the equilibrium concentration of actin in the bleb cortex during its reformation by increasing its dissasembly rate. Our modeling and analysis also suggests that cortex degradation is driven primarily by an exponential decrease in actin assembly rate rather than increased myosin activity. We attribute the decrease in actin assembly to the separation of the cell membrane from the cortex after bleb nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mackenzie Dalton
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Clarkson, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Wanda Strychalski
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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23
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Mignolet M, Gilloteaux J, Halloin N, Gueibe M, Willemart K, De Swert K, Bielarz V, Suain V, Pastushenko I, Gillet NA, Nicaise C. Viral Entry Inhibitors Protect against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neurite Shortening in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:2020. [PMID: 37896797 PMCID: PMC10611151 DOI: 10.3390/v15102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The utility of human neuroblastoma cell lines as in vitro model to study neuro-invasiveness and neuro-virulence of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated by our laboratory and others. The aim of this report is to further characterize the associated cellular responses caused by a pre-alpha SARS-CoV-2 strain on differentiated SH-SY5Y and to prevent its cytopathic effect by using a set of entry inhibitors. The susceptibility of SH-SY5Y to SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed at high multiplicity-of-infection, without viral replication or release. Infection caused a reduction in the length of neuritic processes, occurrence of plasma membrane blebs, cell clustering, and changes in lipid droplets electron density. No changes in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulins or tau, could explain neurite shortening. To counteract the toxic effect on neurites, entry inhibitors targeting TMPRSS2, ACE2, NRP1 receptors, and Spike RBD were co-incubated with the viral inoculum. The neurite shortening could be prevented by the highest concentration of camostat mesylate, anti-RBD antibody, and NRP1 inhibitor, but not by soluble ACE2. According to the degree of entry inhibition, the average amount of intracellular viral RNA was negatively correlated to neurite length. This study demonstrated that targeting specific SARS-CoV-2 host receptors could reverse its neurocytopathic effect on SH-SY5Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mignolet
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Jacques Gilloteaux
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, St George’s University School of Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 JG8, UK
| | - Nicolas Halloin
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Matthieu Gueibe
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Kévin Willemart
- URVI, NARILIS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (K.W.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Kathleen De Swert
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valéry Bielarz
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valérie Suain
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratoire d’Histologie Générale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (V.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nicolas Albert Gillet
- URVI, NARILIS, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (K.W.); (N.A.G.)
| | - Charles Nicaise
- URPhyM, NARILIS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium; (M.M.); (J.G.); (N.H.); (M.G.); (K.D.S.); (V.B.)
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Kapustina M, Li D, Zhu J, Wall B, Weinreb V, Cheney RE. Changes in cell surface excess are coordinated with protrusion dynamics during 3D motility. Biophys J 2023; 122:3656-3677. [PMID: 37207658 PMCID: PMC10541482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate rapid changes in morphology without endangering cell integrity, each cell possesses a substantial amount of cell surface excess (CSE) that can be promptly deployed to cover cell extensions. CSE can be stored in different types of small surface projections such as filopodia, microvilli, and ridges, with rounded bleb-like projections being the most common and rapidly achieved form of storage. We demonstrate that, similar to rounded cells in 2D culture, rounded cells in 3D collagen contain large amounts of CSE and use it to cover developing protrusions. Upon retraction of a protrusion, the CSE this produces is stored over the cell body similar to the CSE produced by cell rounding. We present high-resolution imaging of F-actin and microtubules (MTs) for different cell lines in a 3D environment and demonstrate the correlated changes between CSE and protrusion dynamics. To coordinate CSE storage and release with protrusion formation and motility, we expect cells to have specific mechanisms for regulating CSE, and we hypothesize that MTs play a substantial role in this mechanism by reducing cell surface dynamics and stabilizing CSE. We also suggest that different effects of MT depolymerization on cell motility, such as inhibiting mesenchymal motility and enhancing amoeboid, can be explained by this role of MTs in CSE regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna Kapustina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Donna Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James Zhu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brittany Wall
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Violetta Weinreb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Richard E Cheney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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25
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Sadhu RK, Hernandez-Padilla C, Eisenbach YE, Penič S, Zhang L, Vishwasrao HD, Behkam B, Konstantopoulos K, Shroff H, Iglič A, Peles E, Nain AS, Gov NS. Experimental and theoretical model for the origin of coiling of cellular protrusions around fibers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5612. [PMID: 37699891 PMCID: PMC10497540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protrusions at the leading-edge of a cell play an important role in sensing the extracellular cues during cellular spreading and motility. Recent studies provided indications that these protrusions wrap (coil) around the extracellular fibers. However, the physics of this coiling process, and the mechanisms that drive it, are not well understood. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the coiling of cellular protrusions on fibers of different geometry. Our theoretical model describes membrane protrusions that are produced by curved membrane proteins that recruit the protrusive forces of actin polymerization, and identifies the role of bending and adhesion energies in orienting the leading-edges of the protrusions along the azimuthal (coiling) direction. Our model predicts that the cell's leading-edge coils on fibers with circular cross-section (above some critical radius), but the coiling ceases for flattened fibers of highly elliptical cross-section. These predictions are verified by 3D visualization and quantitation of coiling on suspended fibers using Dual-View light-sheet microscopy (diSPIM). Overall, we provide a theoretical framework, supported by experiments, which explains the physical origin of the coiling phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Sadhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 168, Paris, France.
| | | | - Yael Eshed Eisenbach
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Samo Penič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harshad D Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | | - Hari Shroff
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Nir S Gov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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26
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Mazloom-Farsibaf H, Zou Q, Hsieh R, Danuser G, Driscoll MK. Cellular harmonics for the morphology-invariant analysis of molecular organization at the cell surface. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:777-788. [PMID: 38177778 PMCID: PMC10840993 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of membrane-associated molecules is central to the regulation of cellular signals. Powerful new microscopy techniques enable the three-dimensional visualization of localization and activation of these molecules; however, the quantitative interpretation and comparison of molecular organization on the three-dimensional cell surface remains challenging because cells themselves vary greatly in morphology. Here we introduce u-signal3D, a framework to assess the spatial scales of molecular organization at the cell surface in a cell-morphology-invariant manner. We validated the framework by analyzing synthetic signaling patterns painted onto observed cell morphologies, as well as measured distributions of cytoskeletal and signaling molecules. To demonstrate the framework's versatility, we further compared the spatial organization of cell surface signals both within, and between, cell populations, and powered an upstream machine-learning-based analysis of signaling motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mazloom-Farsibaf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for System Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qiongjing Zou
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Hsieh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for System Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Cecil H. & Ida Green Center for System Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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27
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Liu Y, Xu G, Fu H, Li P, Li D, Deng K, Gao W, Shang Y, Wu M. Membrane-bound transcription factor LRRC4 inhibits glioblastoma cell motility. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125590. [PMID: 37385320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) have been observed in many types of organisms, such as plants, animals and microorganisms. However, the routes of MTF nuclear translocation are not well understood. Here, we reported that LRRC4 is a novel MTF that translocates to the nucleus as a full-length protein via endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport, which is different from the previously described nuclear entry mechanism. A ChIP-seq assay showed that LRRC4 target genes were mainly involved in cell motility. We confirmed that LRRC4 bound to the enhancer element of the RAP1GAP gene to activate its transcription and inhibited glioblastoma cell movement by affecting cell contraction and polarization. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that LRRC4 or RAP1GAP altered cellular biophysical properties, such as the surface morphology, adhesion force and cell stiffness. Thus, we propose that LRRC4 is an MTF with a novel route of nuclear translocation. Our observations demonstrate that LRRC4-null glioblastoma led to disordered RAP1GAP gene expression, which increased cellular movement. Re-expression of LRRC4 enabled it to suppress tumors, and this is a potential for targeted treatment in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Diagnostics Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haijuan Fu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Kun Deng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yujie Shang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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28
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Lin M, Liu T, Liu Y, Lin Z, Chen J, Song J, Qiu Y, Zhou B. Three-Dimensional Printing Enabled Droplet Microfluidic Device for Real-Time Monitoring of Single-Cell Viability and Blebbing Activity. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1521. [PMID: 37630057 PMCID: PMC10456440 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics with the characteristics of high throughput, low sample consumption, increasing reaction speed, and homogeneous volume control have been demonstrated as a useful platform for biomedical research and applications. The traditional fabrication methods of droplet microfluidics largely rely on expensive instruments, sophisticated operations, and even the requirement of an ultraclean room. In this manuscript, we present a 3D printing-based droplet microfluidic system with a specifically designed microstructure for droplet generation aimed at developing a more accessible and cost-effective method. The performance of droplet generation and the encapsulation capacity of the setup were examined. The device was further applied to measure the variation in cell viability over time and monitor the cell's blebbing activity to investigate its potential ability and feasibility for single-cell analysis. The result demonstrated that the produced droplets remained stable enough to enable the long-time detection of cell viability. Additionally, cell membrane protrusions featuring the life cycle of bleb initiation, expansion, and retraction can be well-observed. Three-dimensional printing-based droplet microfluidics benefit from the ease of manufacture, which is expected to simplify the fabrication of microfluidics and expand the application of the droplet approach in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiai Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Yeqian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Zequan Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiale Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yiya Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Benqing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (M.L.); (Y.L.); (J.C.); (J.S.); (Y.Q.)
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29
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Fernandes AR, Martins JP, Gomes ER, Mendes CS, Teodoro RO. Drosophila motor neuron boutons remodel through membrane blebbing coupled with muscle contraction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3352. [PMID: 37291089 PMCID: PMC10250368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wired neurons form new presynaptic boutons in response to increased synaptic activity, however the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remains uncertain. Drosophila motor neurons (MNs) have clearly discernible boutons that display robust structural plasticity, being therefore an ideal system in which to study activity-dependent bouton genesis. Here, we show that in response to depolarization and in resting conditions, MNs form new boutons by membrane blebbing, a pressure-driven mechanism that occurs in 3-D cell migration, but to our knowledge not previously described to occur in neurons. Accordingly, F-actin is decreased in boutons during outgrowth, and non-muscle myosin-II is dynamically recruited to newly formed boutons. Furthermore, muscle contraction plays a mechanical role, which we hypothesize promotes bouton addition by increasing MN confinement. Overall, we identified a mechanism by which established circuits form new boutons allowing their structural expansion and plasticity, using trans-synaptic physical forces as the main driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia R Fernandes
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João P Martins
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edgar R Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César S Mendes
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita O Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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30
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Rzewnicka A, Krysiak J, Pawłowska R, Żurawiński R. Visualization of Cellular Membranes in 2D and 3D Conditions Using a New Fluorescent Dithienothiophene S,S-Dioxide Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119620. [PMID: 37298572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular membranes play a key role in cell communication with the extracellular environment and neighboring cells. Any changes, including their composition, packing, physicochemical properties and formation of membrane protrusions may affect cells feature. Despite its great importance, tracking membrane changes in living cells is still a challenge. For investigation of processes related to tissue regeneration and cancer metastasis, such as the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, increased cell motility, and blebbing, the possibility to conduct prolonged observation of membrane changes is beneficial, albeit difficult. A particular challenge is conducting this type of research under detachment conditions. In the current manuscript, a new dithienothiophene S,S-dioxide (DTTDO) derivative is presented as an effective dye for staining the membranes of living cells. The synthetic procedures, physicochemical properties, and biological activity of the new compound are presented herein. In addition to the labeling of the membranes in a monolayer culture, its usefulness for visualization of membranes under detachment conditions is also demonstrated. Obtained data have proven that a new DTTDO derivative may be used to stain membranes in various types of experimental procedures, from traditional 2D cell cultures to unanchored conditions. Moreover, due to the specific optical properties, the background signal is reduced and, thus, observation may be performed without washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Rzewnicka
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Krysiak
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Róża Pawłowska
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Remigiusz Żurawiński
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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31
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Parlani M, Jorgez C, Friedl P. Plasticity of cancer invasion and energy metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:388-402. [PMID: 36328835 PMCID: PMC10368441 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Energy deprivation is a frequent adverse event in tumors that is caused by mutations, malperfusion, hypoxia, and nutrition deficit. The resulting bioenergetic stress leads to signaling and metabolic adaptation responses in tumor cells, secures survival, and adjusts migration activity. The kinetic responses of cancer cells to energy deficit were recently identified, including a switch of invasive cancer cells to energy-conservative amoeboid migration and an enhanced capability for distant metastasis. We review the energy programs employed by different cancer invasion modes including collective, mesenchymal, and amoeboid migration, as well as their interconversion in response to energy deprivation, and we discuss the consequences for metastatic escape. Understanding the energy requirements of amoeboid and other dissemination strategies offers rationales for improving therapeutic targeting of metastatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Parlani
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Jorgez
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands; David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Genomics Center, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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Cykowska A, Hofmann UK, Tiwari A, Kosnopfel C, Riester R, Danalache M. Biomechanical and biochemical assessment of YB-1 expression in A375 melanoma cell line: Exploratory study. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1050487. [PMID: 39086667 PMCID: PMC11285636 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) plays a prominent role in mediating metastatic behavior by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Migratory melanoma cells exhibit two major migration modes: elongated mesenchymal or rounded amoeboid. Using A375 melanoma cell line and the YB-1 knock-out model, we aimed to elucidate biochemical and biomechanical changes in migration signaling pathways in the context of melanoma metastases. We subjected A375 YB-1 knock-out and parental cells to atomic force microscopy (stiffness determination), immunolabelling, and proteome analysis. We found that YB-1 expressing cells were significantly stiffer compared to the corresponding YB-1 knock-out cell line. Our study demonstrated that the constitutive expression of YB-1 in A375 melanoma cell line appears to be closely related to known biomarkers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, nestin, and vimentin, resulting in a stiffer phenotype, as well as a wide array of proteins involved in RNA, ribosomes, and spliceosomes. YB-1 knock-out resulted in nestin depletion and significantly lower vimentin expression, as well as global upregulation of proteins related to the cytoskeleton and migration. YB-1 knock-out cells demonstrated both morphological features and biochemical drivers of mesenchymal/ameboid migration. Melanoma is a highly plastic, adaptable, and aggressive tumor entity, capable of exhibiting characteristics of different migratory modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cykowska
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ulf Krister Hofmann
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aadhya Tiwari
- Department of System Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rosa Riester
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marina Danalache
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Singha T. Mean first-passage time of an active fluctuating membrane with stochastic resetting. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044117. [PMID: 37198788 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We study the mean first-passage time of a one-dimensional active fluctuating membrane that is stochastically returned to the same flat initial condition at a finite rate. We start with a Fokker-Planck equation to describe the evolution of the membrane coupled with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type of active noise. Using the method of characteristics, we solve the equation and obtain the joint distribution of the membrane height and active noise. In order to obtain the mean first-passage time (MFPT), we further obtain a relation between the MFPT and a propagator that includes stochastic resetting. The derived relation is then used to calculate it analytically. Our studies show that the MFPT increases with a larger resetting rate and decreases with a smaller rate, i.e., there is an optimal resetting rate. We compare the results in terms of MFPT of the membrane with active and thermal noises for different membrane properties. The optimal resetting rate is much smaller with active noise compared to thermal. When the resetting rate is much lower than the optimal rate, we demonstrate how the MFPT scales with resetting rates, distance to the target, and the properties of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Singha
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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Nishida HY, Hamada K, Koshita M, Ohta Y, Nishida H. Ascidian gastrulation and blebbing activity of isolated endoderm blastomeres. Dev Biol 2023; 496:24-35. [PMID: 36702215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Gastrulation is the first dynamic cell movement during embryogenesis. Endoderm and mesoderm cells are internalized into embryos during this process. Ascidian embryos provide a simple system for studying gastrulation in chordates. Gastrulation starts in spherical late 64-cell embryos with 10 endoderm blastomeres. The mechanisms of gastrulation in ascidians have been investigated, and a two-step model has been proposed. The first step involves apical constriction of endoderm cells, followed by apicobasal shortening in the second step. In this study, isolated ascidian endoderm progenitor cells displayed dynamic blebbing activity at the gastrula stage, although such a dynamic cell-shape change was not recognized in toto. Blebbing is often observed in migrating animal cells. In ascidians, endoderm cells displayed blebbing activity, while mesoderm and ectoderm cells did not. The timing of blebbing of isolated endoderm cells coincided with that of cell invagination. The constriction rate of apical surfaces correlated with the intensity of blebbing activity in each endoderm-lineage cell. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling was both necessary and sufficient for inducing blebbing activity, independent of cell fate specification. In contrast, the timing of initiation of blebbing and intensity of blebbing response to FGF signaling were controlled by intrinsic cellular factors. It is likely that the difference in intensity of blebbing activity between the anterior A-line and posterior B-line cells could account for the anteroposterior difference in the steepness of the archenteron wall. Inhibition of zygotic transcription, FGF signaling, and Rho kinase, all of which suppressed blebbing activity, resulted in incomplete apical constriction and failure of the eventual formation of cup-shaped gastrulae. Blebbing activity was involved in the progression and maintenance of apical constriction, but not in apicobasal shortening in whole embryos. Apical constriction is mediated by distinct blebbing-dependent and blebbing-independent mechanisms. Surface tension and consequent membrane contraction may not be the sole mechanical force for apical constriction and formation of cup-shaped gastrulae. The present study reveals the hidden cellular potential of endodermal cells during gastrulation and discusses the possible roles of blebbing in the invagination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Y Nishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kaho Hamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Mika Koshita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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35
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Weems AD, Welf ES, Driscoll MK, Zhou FY, Mazloom-Farsibaf H, Chang BJ, Murali VS, Gihana GM, Weiss BG, Chi J, Rajendran D, Dean KM, Fiolka R, Danuser G. Blebs promote cell survival by assembling oncogenic signalling hubs. Nature 2023; 615:517-525. [PMID: 36859545 PMCID: PMC10881276 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Most human cells require anchorage for survival. Cell-substrate adhesion activates diverse signalling pathways, without which cells undergo anoikis-a form of programmed cell death1. Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a pivotal step in cancer disease progression, as metastasizing cells often lose firm attachment to surrounding tissue2,3. In these poorly attached states, cells adopt rounded morphologies and form small hemispherical plasma membrane protrusions called blebs4-11. Bleb function has been thoroughly investigated in the context of amoeboid migration, but it has been examined far less in other scenarios12. Here we show by three-dimensional imaging and manipulation of cell morphological states that blebbing triggers the formation of plasma membrane-proximal signalling hubs that confer anoikis resistance. Specifically, in melanoma cells, blebbing generates plasma membrane contours that recruit curvature-sensing septin proteins as scaffolds for constitutively active mutant NRAS and effectors. These signalling hubs activate ERK and PI3K-well-established promoters of pro-survival pathways. Inhibition of blebs or septins has little effect on the survival of well-adhered cells, but in detached cells it causes NRAS mislocalization, reduced MAPK and PI3K activity, and ultimately, death. This unveils a morphological requirement for mutant NRAS to operate as an effective oncoprotein. Furthermore, whereas some BRAF-mutated melanoma cells do not rely on this survival pathway in a basal state, inhibition of BRAF and MEK strongly sensitizes them to both bleb and septin inhibition. Moreover, fibroblasts engineered to sustain blebbing acquire the same anoikis resistance as cancer cells even without harbouring oncogenic mutations. Thus, blebs are potent signalling organelles capable of integrating myriad cellular information flows into concerted cellular responses, in this case granting robust anoikis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Weems
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Meghan K Driscoll
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Felix Y Zhou
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bo-Jui Chang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vasanth S Murali
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel M Gihana
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Byron G Weiss
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Chi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Rajendran
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kevin M Dean
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Reto Fiolka
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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36
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Taniguchi A, Nishigami Y, Kajiura-Kobayashi H, Takao D, Tamaoki D, Nakagaki T, Nonaka S, Sonobe S. Light-sheet microscopy reveals dorsoventral asymmetric membrane dynamics of Amoeba proteus during pressure-driven locomotion. Biol Open 2023; 12:287678. [PMID: 36716104 PMCID: PMC9986612 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amoebae are found all around the world and play an essential role in the carbon cycle in the environment. Therefore, the behavior of amoebae is a crucial factor when considering the global environment. Amoebae change their distribution through amoeboid locomotion, which are classified into several modes. In the pressure-driven mode, intracellular hydrostatic pressure generated by the contraction of cellular cortex actomyosin causes the pseudopod to extend. During amoeboid locomotion, the cellular surface exhibits dynamic deformation. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of amoeboid locomotion, it is important to characterize cellular membrane dynamics. Here, to clarify membrane dynamics during pressure-driven amoeboid locomotion, we developed a polkadot membrane staining method and performed light-sheet microscopy in Amoeba proteus, which exhibits typical pressure-driven amoeboid locomotion. It was observed that the whole cell membrane moved in the direction of movement, and the dorsal cell membrane in the posterior part of the cell moved more slowly than the other membrane. In addition, membrane complexity varied depending on the focused characteristic size of the membrane structure, and in general, the dorsal side was more complex than the ventral side. In summary, the membrane dynamics of Amoeba proteus during pressure-driven locomotion are asymmetric between the dorsal and ventral sides. This article has an associated interview with the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Taniguchi
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Spatiotemporal Regulations 444-8585 Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.,Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yukinori Nishigami
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kajiura-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Regeneration Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takao
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tamaoki
- Faculty of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakagaki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nonaka
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Spatiotemporal Regulations 444-8585 Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Sonobe
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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37
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Safarians G, Sohrabi A, Solomon I, Xiao W, Bastola S, Rajput BW, Epperson M, Rosenzweig I, Tamura K, Singer B, Huang J, Harrison MJ, Sanazzaro T, Condro MC, Kornblum HI, Seidlits SK. Glioblastoma Spheroid Invasion through Soft, Brain-Like Matrices Depends on Hyaluronic Acid-CD44 Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2203143. [PMID: 36694362 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increased secretion of hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan abundant in the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), correlates with worse clinical outcomes for glioblastoma (GBM) patients. GBM cells aggressively invade the brain parenchyma while encountering spatiotemporal changes in their local ECM, including HA concentration. To investigate how varying HA concentrations affect GBM invasion, patient-derived GBM cells are cultured within a soft, 3D matrix in which HA concentration is precisely varied and cell migration observed. Data demonstrate that HA concentration can determine the invasive activity of patient-derived GBM cells in a biphasic and highly sensitive manner, where the absolute concentration of HA at which cell migration peaked is specific to each patient-derived line. Furthermore, evidence that this response relies on phosphorylated ezrin, which interacts with the intracellular domain of HA-engaged CD44 to effectively link the actin cytoskeleton to the local ECM is provided. Overall, this study highlights CD44-HA binding as a major mediator of GBM cell migration that acts independently of integrins and focal adhesion complexes and suggests that targeting HA-CD44-ezrin interactions represents a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent tumor cell invasion in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Itay Solomon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Soniya Bastola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bushra W Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mary Epperson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isabella Rosenzweig
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Kelly Tamura
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Breahna Singer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mollie J Harrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Talia Sanazzaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Michael C Condro
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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38
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Jung-Garcia Y, Maiques O, Monger J, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Fanshawe B, Domart MC, Renshaw MJ, Marti RM, Matias-Guiu X, Collinson LM, Sanz-Moreno V, Carlton JG. LAP1 supports nuclear adaptability during constrained melanoma cell migration and invasion. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:108-119. [PMID: 36624187 PMCID: PMC9859759 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis involves dissemination of cancer cells away from a primary tumour and colonization at distal sites. During this process, the mechanical properties of the nucleus must be tuned since they pose a challenge to the negotiation of physical constraints imposed by the microenvironment and tissue structure. We discovered increased expression of the inner nuclear membrane protein LAP1 in metastatic melanoma cells, at the invasive front of human primary melanoma tumours and in metastases. Human cells express two LAP1 isoforms (LAP1B and LAP1C), which differ in their amino terminus. Here, using in vitro and in vivo models that recapitulate human melanoma progression, we found that expression of the shorter isoform, LAP1C, supports nuclear envelope blebbing, constrained migration and invasion by allowing a weaker coupling between the nuclear envelope and the nuclear lamina. We propose that LAP1 renders the nucleus highly adaptable and contributes to melanoma aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Jung-Garcia
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Sanz-Moreno Group, Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Sanz-Moreno Group, Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Monger
- Sanz-Moreno Group, Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Sanz-Moreno Group, Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, UK.,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruce Fanshawe
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marie-Charlotte Domart
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Renshaw
- Advanced Light Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rosa M Marti
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRB Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRB Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Lucy M Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Sanz-Moreno Group, Centre for the Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, London, UK. .,Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jeremy G Carlton
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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39
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Zholudeva AO, Lomakina ME, Orlova EA, Wang Y, Fokin AI, Polesskaya A, Gautreau AM, Alexandrova AY. The Role of the Adapter Protein Anks1a in the Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Motility. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1651-1661. [PMID: 36717454 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in tumor progression that leads to the acquisition by cancer cells the capacity for migration using the mesenchymal motility mode regulated by the Rac→WAVE→Arp2/3 signaling pathway. Earlier it was shown that proteins interacting with Rac can regulate mesenchymal migration and thus determine the metastatic potential of the cells. The search for new regulators of cell migration is an important theoretical and practical task. The adaptor protein Anks1a is one of the proteins interacting with Rac, whose expression is altered in many types of tumors. The aim of this study was to find whether Anks1a affects the migration of cancer cells and to identify the mechanism underlying this effect. It was suggested that Anks1a can influence cancer cell migration either as a Rac1 effector or by activating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) exchange. We investigated how upregulation and inhibition of Anks1a expression affected migration of breast cancer cells with different HER2 status. Anks1a was shown to interact with the activated form of Rac1. In the MDA-MB-231 cells (triple negative cancer), which lack HER2, Anks1a accumulated at the active cell edge, which is characterized by enrichment with active Rac1, whereas no such accumulation was observed in the HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cells. Downregulation of the ANKS1a expression with esiRNA had almost no effect on the cancer cell motility, except a slight increase in the average migration rate of MDA-MB-231 cells. Among three cell lines tested, overexpression of Anks1a increased the migration rate of HER2-overexpressng SK-BR-3 cells only. We showed that Anks1a is an effector of activated Rac1, but its influence on the cell migration in this capacity was minimal, at least in the studied breast cancer cells. Anks1a affected the motility of breast cancer cells due to its involvement in the EGF receptor exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Zholudeva
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Maria E Lomakina
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia.,CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Evgeniya A Orlova
- N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Yanan Wang
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Artem I Fokin
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Anna Polesskaya
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alexis M Gautreau
- CNRS UMR7654, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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40
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Ikenouchi J, Aoki K. A Clockwork Bleb: cytoskeleton, calcium, and cytoplasmic fluidity. FEBS J 2022; 289:7907-7917. [PMID: 34614290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
When the plasma membrane (PM) detaches from the underlying actin cortex, the PM expands according to intracellular pressure and a spherical membrane protrusion called a bleb is formed. This bleb retracts when the actin cortex is reassembled underneath the PM. Whereas this phenomenon seems simple at first glance, there are many interesting, unresolved cell biological questions in each process. For example, what is the membrane source to enlarge the surface area of the PM during rapid bleb expansion? What signals induce actin reassembly for bleb retraction, and how is cytoplasmic fluidity regulated to allow rapid membrane deformation during bleb expansion? Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells use blebs for invasion, but little is known about how molecules that are involved in bleb formation, expansion, and retraction are coordinated for directional amoeboid migration. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of blebs, which have been revealed by various experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kana Aoki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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41
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Brosch PK, Korsa T, Taban D, Eiring P, Hildebrand S, Neubauer J, Zimmermann H, Sauer M, Shirakashi R, Djuzenova CS, Sisario D, Sukhorukov VL. Glucose and Inositol Transporters, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3, in Glioblastoma Cell Migration. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5794. [PMID: 36497276 PMCID: PMC9738886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa K. Brosch
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Korsa
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Danush Taban
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Eiring
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Hildebrand
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neubauer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), 66280 Sulzbach, Germany
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ryo Shirakashi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Cholpon S. Djuzenova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Sisario
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir L. Sukhorukov
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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42
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Stotsky JA, Othmer HG. The effects of internal forces and membrane heterogeneity on three-dimensional cell shapes. J Math Biol 2022; 86:1. [PMID: 36427179 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The shape of cells and the control thereof plays a central role in a variety of cellular processes, including endo- and exocytosis, cell division and cell movement. Intra- and extracellular forces control the shapes, and while the shape changes in some processes such as exocytosis are intracellularly-controlled and localized in the cell, movement requires force transmission to the environment, and the feedback from it can affect the cell shape and mode of movement used. The shape of a cell is determined by its cytoskeleton (CSK), and thus shape changes involved in various processes involve controlled remodeling of the CSK. While much is known about individual components involved in these processes, an integrated understanding of how intra- and extracellular signals are coupled to the control of the mechanical changes involved is not at hand for any of them. As a first step toward understanding the interaction between intracellular forces imposed on the membrane and cell shape, we investigate the role of distributed surrogates for cortical forces in producing the observed three-dimensional shapes. We show how different balances of applied forces lead to such shapes, that there are different routes to the same end state, and that state transitions between axisymmetric shapes need not all be axisymmetric. Examples of the force distributions that lead to protrusions are given, and the shape changes induced by adhesion of a cell to a surface are studied. The results provide a reference framework for developing detailed models of intracellular force distributions observed experimentally, and provide a basis for studying how movement of a cell in a tissue or fluid is influenced by its shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay A Stotsky
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 100190, USA.
| | - Hans G Othmer
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 100190, USA
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43
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Tsuji N, Sakamoto T, Hoshi K, Hikita A. Spatiotemporal Analysis of Osteoblast Morphology and Wnt Signal‐Induced Osteoblast Reactivation during Bone Modeling in Vitro. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10689. [PMID: 36398107 PMCID: PMC9664540 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone nodule formation by differentiating osteoblasts is considered an in vitro model that mimics bone modeling. However, the details of osteoblast behavior and matrix production during bone nodule formation are poorly understood. Here, we present a spatiotemporal analysis system for evaluating osteoblast morphology and matrix production during bone modeling in vitro via two-photon microscopy. Using this system, a change in osteoblast morphology from cuboidal to flat was observed during the formation of mineralized nodules, and this change was quantified. Areas with high bone formation were densely populated with cuboidal osteoblasts, which were characterized by blebs, protruding structures on their cell membranes. Cuboidal osteoblasts with blebs were highly mobile, and osteoblast blebs exhibited a polar distribution. Furthermore, mimicking romosozumab treatment, when differentiated flattened osteoblasts were stimulated with BIO, a GSK3β inhibitor, they were reactivated to acquire a cuboidal morphology with blebs on their membranes and produced more matrix than nonstimulated cells. Our analysis system is a powerful tool for evaluating the cell morphology and function of osteoblasts during bone modeling. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tsuji
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Department of Tissue Engineering The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Department of Tissue Engineering The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Department of Tissue Engineering The University of Tokyo Hospital Tokyo Japan
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44
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Du Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Zhang J, Huang Y, Fan S, Gu C, Shangguan L, Lin X. Extracellular Vesicle Mimetics: Preparation from Top-Down Approaches and Biological Functions. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200142. [PMID: 35899756 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted attention as delivery vehicles due to their structure, composition, and unique properties in regeneration and immunomodulation. However, difficulties during production and isolation processes of EVs limit their large-scale clinical applications. EV mimetics (EVMs), prepared via top-down strategies that improve the yield of nanoparticles while retaining biological properties similar to those of EVs have been used to address these limitations. Herein, the preparation of EVMs is reviewed and their characteristics in terms of structure, composition, targeting ability, cellular uptake mechanism, and immunogenicity, as well as their strengths, limitations, and future clinical application prospects as EV alternatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Chenhui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310020, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.,Hangzhou OrigO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, 311200, China
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45
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Par3 promotes breast cancer invasion and migration through pull tension and protein nanoparticle-induced osmotic pressure. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113739. [PMID: 36179489 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis are closely related to intracellular tension. The cell-polarity protein, Par3, is a mechanical transmitter that affects cytoskeletal forces and determines breast cancer aggressiveness. Increased Par3 tension caused by aPKC inactivation is involved in filopodia and lamellipodia formation. Blocking the connection between Par3 and aPKC increases breast cancer aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, aPKC-induced Par3 cytoplasmic translocation results in JAM-A phase separation and microfilament depolymerization, which is associated with increased intracellular protein nanoparticle-induced osmotic pressure. This study demonstrated the effects of aPKC on Par3 tension and osmotic pressure in breast cancer metastasis, and introduced Par3-associated mechanical mechanisms as potential targets for breast cancer treatment.
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46
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Syromiatnikova V, Prokopeva A, Gomzikova M. Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810522. [PMID: 36142433 PMCID: PMC9506336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, the translation of EVs into clinical practice is hampered by the lack of a cheap reasonable way to obtain a clinically relevant number of EVs, an available method for the large-scale production of EVs ensures vesicles’ integrity, preserves their biological activity, and ensures they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity of the product from batch to batch. In this review, advances in the development of methods to increase EVs production are discussed. The existing approaches can be divided into the following: (1) those based on increasing the production of natural EVs by creating and using high capacity “cell factories”, (2) those based on the induction of EVs secretion under various cell stressors, and (3) those based on cell fragmentation with the creation of biomimetic vesicles. The aim of this review is to stimulate the introduction of EVs into clinical practice and to draw attention to the development of new methods of EVs production on a large scale.
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47
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Korkmazhan E, Dunn AR. The membrane-actin linker ezrin acts as a sliding anchor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2779. [PMID: 35930643 PMCID: PMC9355349 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protein linkages to filamentous (F)-actin provide the cell membrane with mechanical stability and support intricate membrane architectures. However, the actin cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and undergoes rapid changes in shape during cell motility and other processes. The molecular mechanisms that generate a mechanically robust yet fluid connection between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton remain poorly understood. Here, we adapted a single-molecule optical trap assay to examine how the prototypical membrane-actin linker ezrin acts to anchor F-actin to the cell membrane. We find that ezrin forms a complex that slides along F-actin over micrometer distances while resisting detachment by forces oriented perpendicular to the filament axis. The ubiquity of ezrin and analogous proteins suggests that sliding anchors such as ezrin may constitute an important but overlooked element in the construction of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elgin Korkmazhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Alexander R. Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Corresponding author.
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48
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Guo Z, Yang CT, Chien CC, Selth LA, Bagnaninchi PO, Thierry B. Optical Cellular Micromotion: A New Paradigm to Measure Tumor Cells Invasion within Gels Mimicking the 3D Tumor Environments. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200471. [PMID: 35764869 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measuring tumor cell invasiveness through 3D tissues, particularly at the single-cell level, can provide important mechanistic understanding and assist in identifying therapeutic targets of tumor invasion. However, current experimental approaches, including standard in vitro invasion assays, have limited physiological relevance and offer insufficient insight into the vast heterogeneity in tumor cell migration through tissues. To address these issues, here the concept of optical cellular micromotion is reported on, where digital holographic microscopy is used to map the optical nano- to submicrometer thickness fluctuations within single-cells. These fluctuations are driven by the dynamic movement of subcellular structures including the cytoskeleton and inherently associated with the biological processes involved in cell invasion within tissues. It is experimentally demonstrated that the optical cellular micromotion correlates with tumor cells motility and invasiveness both at the population and single-cell levels. In addition, the optical cellular micromotion significantly reduced upon treatment with migrastatic drugs that inhibit tumor cell invasion. These results demonstrate that micromotion measurements can rapidly and non-invasively determine the invasive behavior of single tumor cells within tissues, yielding a new and powerful tool to assess the efficacy of approaches targeting tumor cell invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Guo
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Chih-Tsung Yang
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Chia-Chi Chien
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Luke A Selth
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Pierre O Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
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49
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Geometric trade-off between contractile force and viscous drag determines the actomyosin-based motility of a cell-sized droplet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121147119. [PMID: 35857875 PMCID: PMC9335187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121147119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration in confined environments is fundamental for diverse biological processes from cancer invasion to leukocyte trafficking. The cell body is propelled by the contractile force of actomyosin networks transmitted from the cell membrane to the external substrates. However, physical determinants of actomyosin-based migration capacity in confined environments are not fully understood. Here, we develop an in vitro migratory cell model, where cytoplasmic actomyosin networks are encapsulated into droplets surrounded by a lipid monolayer membrane. We find that the droplet can move when the actomyosin networks are bound to the membrane, in which the physical interaction between the contracting actomyosin networks and the membrane generates a propulsive force. The droplet moves faster when it has a larger contact area with the substrates, while narrower confinement reduces the migration speed. By combining experimental observations and active gel theory, we propose a mechanism where the balance between sliding friction force, which is a reaction force of the contractile force, and viscous drag determines the migration speed, providing a physical basis of actomyosin-based motility in confined environments.
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50
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Schick J, Raz E. Blebs—Formation, Regulation, Positioning, and Role in Amoeboid Cell Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926394. [PMID: 35912094 PMCID: PMC9337749 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of development, tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis and inflammation, migrating amoeboid cells commonly form protrusions called blebs. For these spherical protrusions to inflate, the force for pushing the membrane forward depends on actomyosin contraction rather than active actin assembly. Accordingly, blebs exhibit distinct dynamics and regulation. In this review, we first examine the mechanisms that control the inflation of blebs and bias their formation in the direction of the cell’s leading edge and present current views concerning the role blebs play in promoting cell locomotion. While certain motile amoeboid cells exclusively form blebs, others form blebs as well as other protrusion types. We describe factors in the environment and cell-intrinsic activities that determine the proportion of the different forms of protrusions cells produce.
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