1
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Wang H, Gou R, Chen J, Wang Q, Li X, Chang J, Chen H, Wang X, Wan G. Catalase-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis based cryo-millineedle platform facilitates the photo-immunotherapy against colorectal cancer via hypoxia improvement. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:506-520. [PMID: 39047378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic anti-tumor impact of phototherapy and a cascading immune response are profoundly limited by hypoxia and a weakened immune response. Intravenous and intratumoral injection of therapeutic drugs also cause pain, rapid drug clearance and low utilization rates. Here, a novel cryo-millineedle platform for intratumoral delivery of a phototherapy system, S.epi@IR820, is developed in this work, combining the properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and IR820 for photo-immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. In this cryo-millineedle platform, S. epidermidis enhances the near-infrared absorption and light stability of IR820 and catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 into O2 via an endogenous catalase to relieve tumor hypoxia, improve phototherapy and enhance immunogenic cell death (ICD). More interestingly, the native immunogenicity of S. epidermidis and ICD elicited by phototherapy achieved a potent anti-tumor immune response. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to utilize native S. epidermidis to relieve hypoxia and facilitate phototherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the millineedle based phototherapy system can efficiently catalyse the decomposition of H2O2 into O2, facilitate phototherapeutic killing of CT26 tumor cells by S.epi@IR820 and enhance ICD, thus successfully activated the immune response and achieved the photo-immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. In conclusion, this study provides a novel strategy for enhanced anti-tumor efficiency of photo-immunotherapy, and develops an effective method for orthotopic administration of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ruiling Gou
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiaxin Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Guoyun Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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2
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Burke Ó, Zeden MS, O'Gara JP. The pathogenicity and virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. Virulence 2024; 15:2359483. [PMID: 38868991 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2359483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive presence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin and mucous membranes has long underpinned a casual disregard for the infection risk that these organisms pose to vulnerable patients in healthcare settings. Prior to the recognition of biofilm as an important virulence determinant in S. epidermidis, isolation of this microorganism in diagnostic specimens was often overlooked as clinically insignificant with potential delays in diagnosis and onset of appropriate treatment, contributing to the establishment of chronic infection and increased morbidity or mortality. While impressive progress has been made in our understanding of biofilm mechanisms in this important opportunistic pathogen, research into other virulence determinants has lagged S. aureus. In this review, the broader virulence potential of S. epidermidis including biofilm, toxins, proteases, immune evasion strategies and antibiotic resistance mechanisms is surveyed, together with current and future approaches for improved therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Órla Burke
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - James P O'Gara
- Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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3
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Nagy N, Hodor P. Chromosomal gene order defines several structural classes of Staphylococcus epidermidis genomes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0311520. [PMID: 39365807 PMCID: PMC11452038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The original methodology for describing the pangenome of a prokaryotic species is based on modeling genomes as unordered sets of genes. More recent findings have underlined the importance of considering the ordering of genes along the genetic material as well, when making comparisons among genomes. To further investigate the benefits of gene order when describing genomes of a given species, we applied two distance metrics on a dataset of 84 genomes of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The first metric, GeLev, depends on the order of genes and is a derivative of the Levenshtein distance. The second, the Jaccard distance, depends on gene sets only. The application of these distances reveals information about the global structure of the genomes, and allows clustering of the genomes into classes. The main biological result is that, while genomes within the same class are structurally similar, genomes of different classes have an additional characteristic. Between genomes in different classes we can discover instances where a large segment of the first genome appears in reverse order in the second. This feature suggests that genome rearrangements in S. epidermidis happen on a large scale, while micro-rearrangements of single or a small number of genes are rare. Thus, this paper describes a straight-forward method to classify genomes into structural classes with the same order of genes and makes it possible to visualize reversed segments in pairs of genomes. The method can be readily applied to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naya Nagy
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Hodor
- Aurynia LLC, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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4
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Miranda CS, Marinho E, Seabra CL, Evenou C, Lamartine J, Fromy B, Costa SPG, Homem NC, Felgueiras HP. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytocompatible coaxial wet-spun fibers made of polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate loaded with essential oils for wound care. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134565. [PMID: 39116984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a serious worldwide concern, being often associated with bacterial infections. As the prevalence of bacterial infections increase, it is crucial to search for alternatives. Essential oils (EOs) constitute a promising option to antibiotics due to their strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. However, such compounds present high volatility. To address this issue, a drug delivery system composed of coaxial wet-spun fibers was engineered and different EOs, namely clove oil (CO), cinnamon leaf oil (CLO) and tea tree oil (TTO), were loaded. Briefly, a coaxial system composed of two syringe pumps, a coagulation bath of deionized water, a cylindrical-shaped collector and a coaxial spinneret was used. A 10 % w/v polycaprolactone (PCL) solution was combined with the different EOs at 2 × minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and loaded to a syringe connected to the inner port, whereas a 10 % w/v cellulose acetate (CA) solution mixed with 10 % w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a ratio of 90:10 % v/v (to increase the fibers' elasticity) was loaded to the syringe connected to the outer port. This layer was used as a barrier to pace the release of the entrapped EO. The CA's inherent porosity in water coagulation baths allowed access to the fiber's core. CA was also mixed with 10 % w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a ratio of 90:10 % v/v (CA:PEG), to increase the fibers' elasticity. Microfibers maintained their structural integrity during 28 days of incubation in physiological-like environments. They also showed high elasticities (maximum elongations at break >300 %) and resistance to rupture in mechanical assessments, reaching mass losses of only ≈ 2.29 % - 57.19 %. The EOs were released from the fibers in a prolonged and sustained fashion, in which ≈ 30 % of EO was released during the 24 h of incubation in physiological-like media, demonstrating great antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most prevalent bacteria in chronic wounds. Moreover, microfibers showed effective antioxidant effects, presenting up to 59 % of reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity. Furthermore, the coaxial system was deemed safe for contact with fibroblasts and human keratinocytes, reaching metabolic activities higher than 80 % after 48 h of incubation. Data confirmed the suitability of the engineered system for potential therapeutics of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina S Miranda
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Elina Marinho
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Leal Seabra
- Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Camille Evenou
- Équipe Intégrité fonctionnelle du tissu cutané (SKIN). Laboratoire de biologie tissulaire et d'ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI), CNRS UMR5305, Université Lyon I, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Jérôme Lamartine
- Équipe Intégrité fonctionnelle du tissu cutané (SKIN). Laboratoire de biologie tissulaire et d'ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI), CNRS UMR5305, Université Lyon I, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Berengere Fromy
- Équipe Intégrité fonctionnelle du tissu cutané (SKIN). Laboratoire de biologie tissulaire et d'ingénierie thérapeutique (LBTI), CNRS UMR5305, Université Lyon I, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Susana P G Costa
- Centre of Chemistry (CQ), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Natália C Homem
- Simoldes Plastics S.A., Rua Comendador António da Silva Rodrigues, 165, 3720-193 Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal.
| | - Helena P Felgueiras
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
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5
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Kim Y, Lee JH, Ha J, Cho EG. Isolation, genomic analysis and functional characterization of Enterococcus rotai CMTB-CA6, a putative probiotic strain isolated from a medicinal plant Centella asiatica. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1452127. [PMID: 39323893 PMCID: PMC11423741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics and their derivatives offer significant health benefits by supporting digestive health, boosting the immune system, and regulating the microbiomes not only of the internal gastrointestinal track but also of the skin. To be effective, probiotics and their derivatives must exhibit robust antimicrobial activity, resilience to adverse conditions, and colonization capabilities in host tissues. As an alternative to animal-derived probiotics, plant-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present promising advantages, including enhanced diversity and tolerance to challenging environments. Our study focuses on exploring the potential of plant-derived LAB, particularly from the medicinal plant Centella asiatica, in improving skin conditions. Through a bacterial isolation procedure from C. asiatica leaves, Enterococcus rotai CMTB-CA6 was identified via 16S rRNA sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses. Based on genomic analysis, antimicrobial-resistance and virulence genes were not detected. Additionally, the potential functions of E. rotai CMTB-CA6 were characterized by its lysates' ability to regulate skin microbes, such as stimulating the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis while inhibiting that of Cutibacterium acnes, to restore the viability of human dermal fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions, and to demonstrate effective antioxidant activities both in a cell-free system and in human dermal fibroblasts. Our investigation revealed the efficacy of E. rotai CMTB-CA6 lysates in improving skin conditions, suggesting its potential use as a probiotic-derived agent for skin care products. Considering the ecological relationship between plant-inhabited bacteria and their host plants, we suggest that the utilization of E. rotai CMTB-CA6 strain for fermenting its host plant, C. asiatica, could be a novel approach to efficiently enriching bioactive molecules for human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsik Kim
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Consumer Health 1 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Gyung Cho
- Consumer Health 2 Center, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- H&B Science Center, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, General Graduate School, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Leandro LF, Moraes TS, Damasceno JL, Veneziani RCS, Ambrosio SR, Bastos JK, Santiago MB, Pedroso RS, Martins CHG. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:6975-6987. [PMID: 38619589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), as well as synergistic and antivirulence assays for eight diterpenes against MDR. The tests revealed that two diterpenes (named 1 and 5) showed the best results, with MIC and MBC between 12.5 and 50 μg/mL against most MDR bacteria. These diterpenes exhibited promising MICB50 in concentration between 3.12-25 μg/mL but showed no synergistic antimicrobial activity. In the assessment of antivirulence activity, diterpenes 1 and 5 inhibited only one of the virulence factors evaluated (Dnase) produced by some strains of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Results obtained indicated that diterpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresin plays an important part in the search of new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can act against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - T S Moraes
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Damasceno
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R C S Veneziani
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Ambrosio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R S Pedroso
- Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C H G Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil.
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7
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Cancino-Diaz ME, Gómez-Chávez F, Cancino-Diaz JC. Presence and mRNA Expression of the sar Family Genes in Clinical and Non-clinical (Healthy Conjunctiva and Healthy Skin) Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:1301-1309. [PMID: 39282185 PMCID: PMC11399487 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus possesses sar family genes, including sarA, S, R, T, U, V, X, Y, Z, and rot, which are transcription factors involved in biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In contrast, Staphylococcus epidermidis has sarA, R, V, X, Y, Z, and rot genes; specifically, SarA, Z, and X are involved in biofilm formation. The expression of the sar family members in S. epidermidis isolated from clinical and non-clinical environments is unknown. This study aimed to establish if clinical and non-clinical isolates of S. epidermidis express the sar family members. We genotyped isolates from clinical ocular infections (n = 52), or non-clinical healthy conjunctiva (n = 40), and healthy skin (n = 50), using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec). We selected strains with different genotypes and representatives of each source of isolation, and the presence of the sar family genes was detected using PCR and RT-qPCR to determine their expression. The sar family genes were present in all selected strains, with no observed differences. The relative expression of the sar family showed that all selected strains expressed each gene weakly, with no significant differences observed between them or between different sources of isolation. In conclusion, the presence and relative expression of the sar family genes are very similar among strains, with no differences based on their origin of isolation and genotype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01339-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11350 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares E Inmunológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, ENMyH-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07320 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan C Cancino-Diaz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11350 Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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8
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Jan H, Ghayas S, Higazy D, Ahmad NM, Yaghmur A, Ciofu O. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of antibiotic-free phosphatidylglycerol/docosahexaenoic acid lamellar and non-lamellar liquid crystalline nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:537-551. [PMID: 38729002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, particularly those associated with biofilms, are challenging to treat due to an increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics. This underscores the urgent need for innovative antimicrobial strategies. Here, we present an alternative simple-by-design approach focusing on the development of biocompatible and antibiotic-free nanocarriers from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that has the potential to combat microbial infections and phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), which is attractive for use as a biocompatible prominent amphiphilic component of Gram-positive bacterial cell membranes. We assessed the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities of these nanoformulations (hexosomes and vesicles) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, which are the most common causes of infections on catheters and medical devices by different methods (including resazurin assay, time-kill assay, and confocal laser scanning microscopy on an in vitro catheter biofilm model). In a DHA-concentration-dependent manner, these nano-self-assemblies demonstrated strong anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities, particularly against S. aureus. A five-fold reduction of the planktonic and a four-fold reduction of biofilm populations of S. aureus were observed after treatment with hexosomes. The nanoparticles had a bacteriostatic effect against S. epidermidis planktonic cells but no anti-biofilm activity was detected. We discuss the findings in terms of nanoparticle-bacterial cell interactions, plausible alterations in the phospholipid membrane composition, and potential penetration of DHA into these membranes, leading to changes in their structural and biophysical properties. The implications for the future development of biocompatible nanocarriers for the delivery of DHA alone or in combination with other anti-bacterial agents are discussed, as novel treatment strategies of Gram-positive infections, including biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibullah Jan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sana Ghayas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Doaa Higazy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nasir Mahmood Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Oana Ciofu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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9
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Odunitan TT, Apanisile BT, Akinboade MW, Abdulazeez WO, Oyaronbi AO, Ajayi TM, Oyekola SA, Ibrahim NO, Nafiu T, Afolabi HO, Olayiwola DM, David OT, Adeyemo SF, Ayodeji OD, Akinade EM, Saibu OA. Microbial mysteries: Staphylococcus aureus and the enigma of carcinogenesis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106831. [PMID: 39089512 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a common human pathogen, has long been the focus of scientific investigation due to its association with various infections. However, recent research has unveiled a tantalizing enigma surrounding this bacterium and its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. Chronic S. aureus infections have been linked to an elevated risk of certain cancers, including skin cancer and oral cancer. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding this connection, examining epidemiological evidence, pathogenic mechanisms, and biological interactions that suggest a correlation. Although initial studies point to a possible link, the precise mechanisms through which S. aureus may contribute to cancer development remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that the chronic inflammation induced by persistent S. aureus infections may create a tumor-promoting environment. This inflammation can lead to DNA damage, disrupt cellular signaling pathways, and generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment conducive to cancer progression. Additionally, S. aureus produces a variety of toxins and metabolites that can directly interact with host cells, potentially inducing oncogenic transformations. Despite these insights, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the exact biological processes involved. This review emphasizes the urgent need for more comprehensive research to clarify these microbiological mysteries. Understanding the role of S. aureus in cancer development could lead to novel strategies for cancer prevention and treatment, potentially transforming therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tope T Odunitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria; Microbiology Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria; Ehigie's Biochemistry and Biocomputational Laboratory, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Boluwatife T Apanisile
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Modinat W Akinboade
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Waliu O Abdulazeez
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adegboye O Oyaronbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope M Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Oyekola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Najahtulahi O Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Tawakalitu Nafiu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Hezekiah O Afolabi
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Dolapo M Olayiwola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladunni T David
- Microbiology Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen F Adeyemo
- Department of Biological Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Division of Medical Artificial Intelligence, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi D Ayodeji
- Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Esther M Akinade
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Saibu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, USA
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10
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Mishra A, Tabassum N, Aggarwal A, Kim YM, Khan F. Artificial Intelligence-Driven Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Pathogens on Biotic and Abiotic Surfaces. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 39200087 PMCID: PMC11351874 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens to human health worldwide emphasizes the need for more effective infection control strategies. Bacterial and fungal biofilms pose a major challenge in treating AMR pathogen infections. Biofilms are formed by pathogenic microbes encased in extracellular polymeric substances to confer protection from antimicrobials and the host immune system. Biofilms also promote the growth of antibiotic-resistant mutants and latent persister cells and thus complicate therapeutic approaches. Biofilms are ubiquitous and cause serious health risks due to their ability to colonize various surfaces, including human tissues, medical devices, and food-processing equipment. Detection and characterization of biofilms are crucial for prompt intervention and infection control. To this end, traditional approaches are often effective, yet they fail to identify the microbial species inside biofilms. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have provided new avenues to improve biofilm identification. Machine-learning algorithms and image-processing techniques have shown promise for the accurate and efficient detection of biofilm-forming microorganisms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. These advancements have the potential to transform biofilm research and clinical practice by allowing faster diagnosis and more tailored therapy. This comprehensive review focuses on the application of AI techniques for the identification of biofilm-forming pathogens in various industries, including healthcare, food safety, and agriculture. The review discusses the existing approaches, challenges, and potential applications of AI in biofilm research, with a particular focus on the role of AI in improving diagnostic capacities and guiding preventative actions. The synthesis of the current knowledge and future directions, as described in this review, will guide future research and development efforts in combating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashish Aggarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India;
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (N.T.); (Y.-M.K.)
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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11
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Heredia-Rivera U, Krishnakumar A, Kasi V, Rana MM, Gopalakrishnan S, Nejati S, Gundala G, Barnard JP, Wang H, Rahimi R. Cold atmospheric plasma deposition of antibacterial polypyrrole-silver nanocomposites on wearable electronics for prolonged performance. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2024; 12:11861-11876. [PMID: 39132258 PMCID: PMC11308805 DOI: 10.1039/d4tc00844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Wearable electronics have become integral for monitoring physiological parameters in diverse applications, particularly in medical and military fields. e-Textiles, featuring integrated conductive threads or fabrics, offer seamless integration and comfort for prolonged contact with the body. Despite their potential, the biofouling of textile-based electrode systems by skin microbes remains a significant challenge, limiting their operational lifespan. Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of conductive nanocomposites with antibacterial agents, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), in addressing biofouling concerns. However, implementing such systems on 3D fibrous structures and textile surfaces often proves complex and inefficient. To overcome these challenges, we explored cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)-based in situ polymerization for the direct deposition of functional conductive polypyrrole-silver (PPy-Ag) nanocomposites onto conductive textile surfaces. For this process, a customized CAP deposition system was engineered, enabling precise material deposition through robotic control of the plasma jet. This process achieved direct, conformal attachment onto textile fibrous structures, ensuring uniform distribution of conductive polypyrrole and silver in the form of AgNPs throughout the polymer polypyrrole matrix without compromising fabric flexibility and breathability, which was validated through different surface electron microscopy and chemical analysis (e.g., EDX, FTIR, Raman, and XRD). Systematic studies with various precursor mixtures identified an optimized PPy-Ag composition that demonstrated stable antibacterial properties and biocompatibility against common skin microbes and epithelial cells. Systematic studies with various precursor mixtures identified an optimized PPy-Ag composition, with the precursor mixture containing 96 wt% pyrrole and 4 wt% AgNO3 weight ratios as the optimal surface coating process, demonstrating stable antibacterial properties and biocompatibility against common skin microbes and epithelial cells respectively. As a proof of concept, the nanocomposite coating was applied to conductive carbon fabric surfaces as dry electrodes in a wearable garment for continues electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring over 10 days. Results revealed a significantly longer performance of the dry electrodes as comparable to standard gel-based Ag/AgCl electrodes (1 day) while providing less noise in ECG signal measurements from the subject, showcasing the potential of this technology for practical wearable applications. Envisioned as a groundbreaking solution, this technology opens new avenues for the scalable and effective integration of functional conductive circuits and sensors into everyday garments, ensuring prolonged and efficient performance in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisses Heredia-Rivera
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Akshay Krishnakumar
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Venkat Kasi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Muhammad Masud Rana
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Sarath Gopalakrishnan
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Sina Nejati
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Gagan Gundala
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - James P Barnard
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Rahim Rahimi
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Centre, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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12
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Norton P, Trus P, Wang F, Thornton MJ, Chang C. Understanding and treating diabetic foot ulcers: Insights into the role of cutaneous microbiota and innovative therapies. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2024; 4:e399. [PMID: 39104636 PMCID: PMC11297444 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Notoriously known as the silent pandemic, chronic, non-healing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), pose a significant rate of incidence for amputation and are a major cause of morbidity. Alarmingly, the treatment and management strategies of chronic wounds represent a significant economic and health burden as well as a momentous drain on resources with billions per annum being spent in the US and UK alone. Defective wound healing is a major pathophysiological condition which propagates an acute wound to a chronic wound, further propelled by underlying conditions such as diabetes and vascular complications which are more prevalent amongst the elderly. Chronic wounds are prone to infection, which can exacerbate the condition, occasionally resulting in amputation for the patient, despite the intervention of modern therapies. However, amputation can only yield a 5-year survival rate for 50% of patients, highlighting the need for new treatments for chronic wounds. Findings The dynamic cutaneous microbiota is comprised of diverse microorganisms that often aid wound healing. Conversely, the chronic wound microbiome consists of a combination of common skin commensals such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, as well as the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria have been identified as the most prevalent bacterial pathogens isolated from chronic wounds and contribute to prolific biofilm formation decreasing the efficiency of antimicrobials and further perpetuating a hyper-inflammatory state. Discussion and Conclusion Here, we review recent advances and provide a new perspective on alternative treatments including phage and microbiome transplant therapies and how the definitive role of the cutaneous microbiota impacts the aetiology of DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Norton
- School of Dental SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Centre for Skin SciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Pavlos Trus
- School of Dental SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - Fengyi Wang
- School of Dental SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
| | - M. Julie Thornton
- Centre for Skin SciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradfordUK
| | - Chien‐Yi Chang
- School of Dental SciencesFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
- Biosciences InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneUK
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13
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Yoon S, Kondakala S, Foley SL, Moon MS, Huang MCJ, Periz G, Zang J, Katz LM, Kim SJ, Kweon O. Detection of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from commercial tattoo and permanent makeup inks. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0027624. [PMID: 38953654 PMCID: PMC11267919 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00276-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tattooing and use of permanent makeup (PMU) have dramatically increased over the last decade, with a concomitant increase in ink-related infections. Studies have shown evidence that commercial tattoo and PMU inks are frequently contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Considering that tattoo inks are placed into the dermal layer of the skin where anaerobic bacteria can thrive and cause infections in low-oxygen environments, the prevalence of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria should be assessed in tattoo and PMU inks. In this study, we tested 75 tattoo and PMU inks using the analytical methods described in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual Chapter 23 for the detection of both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial contamination, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial identification. Of 75 ink samples, we found 26 contaminated samples with 34 bacterial isolates taxonomically classified into 14 genera and 22 species. Among the 34 bacterial isolates, 19 were identified as possibly pathogenic bacterial strains. Two species, namely Cutibacterium acnes (four strains) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (two strains) were isolated under anaerobic conditions. Two possibly pathogenic bacterial strains, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and C. acnes, were isolated together from the same ink samples (n = 2), indicating that tattoo and PMU inks can contain both aerobic (S. saprophyticus) and anaerobic bacteria (C. acnes). No significant association was found between sterility claims on the ink label and the absence of bacterial contamination. The results indicate that tattoo and PMU inks can also contain anaerobic bacteria. IMPORTANCE The rising popularity of tattooing and permanent makeup (PMU) has led to increased reports of ink-related infections. This study is the first to investigate the presence of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in commercial tattoo and PMU inks under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Our findings reveal that unopened and sealed tattoo inks can harbor anaerobic bacteria, known to thrive in low-oxygen environments, such as the dermal layer of the skin, alongside aerobic bacteria. This suggests that contaminated tattoo inks could be a source of infection from both types of bacteria. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring these products for both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including possibly pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sandeep Kondakala
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Steven L. Foley
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mi Sun Moon
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Mei-Chiung Jo Huang
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Goran Periz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Janet Zang
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda M. Katz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Seong-Jae Kim
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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14
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Pereira AG, Fraga-Corral M, Silva A, Barroso MF, Grosso C, Carpena M, Garcia-Perez P, Perez-Gregorio R, Cassani L, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Unraveling the Bioactive Potential of Camellia japonica Edible Flowers: Profiling Antioxidant Substances and In Vitro Bioactivity Assessment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:946. [PMID: 39065796 PMCID: PMC11280385 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the search for novel natural-based ingredients by food and related industries has sparked extensive research aimed at discovering new sources of functional molecules. Camellia japonica, traditionally known as an ornamental plant, has gained attention due to its diverse array of bioactive compounds with potential industrial applications. Although C. japonica flowers are edible, their phytochemical profile has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, a phenolic profile screening through an HPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS/MS approach was applied to C. japonica flower extracts, revealing a total of 36 compounds, including anthocyanins, curcuminoids, dihydrochalcones, dihydroflavonols, flavonols, flavones, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, isoflavonoids, stilbenes, and tyrosols. Following extract profiling, their bioactivity was assessed by means of in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective activities. The results showed a multifaceted high correlation of phenolic compounds with all the tested bioactivities according to Pearson's correlation analysis, unraveling the potential of C. japonica flowers as promising sources of nutraceuticals. Overall, these findings provide insight into the valorization of C. japonica flowers from different unexplored cultivars thus diversifying their industrial outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Maria Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Aurora Silva
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Fatima Barroso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Maria Carpena
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Perez-Gregorio
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)—CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; (M.F.-C.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (P.G.-P.); (R.P.-G.); (L.C.); (J.S.-G.)
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15
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Wang TSA, Chen PL, Chen YCS, Chiu YW, Lin ZJ, Kao CY, Hung HM. Evaluation of the Stereochemistry of Staphyloferrin A for Developing Staphylococcus-Specific Targeting Conjugates. Chembiochem 2024:e202400480. [PMID: 38965052 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Staphylococcus are pathogenic and harmful to humans. Alarmingly, some Staphylococcus, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) have spread worldwide and become notoriously resistant to antibiotics, threatening and concerning public health. Hence, the development of new Staphylococcus-targeting diagnostic and therapeutic agents is urgent. Here, we chose the S. aureus-secreted siderophore staphyloferrin A (SA) as a guiding unit. We developed a series of Staphyloferrin A conjugates (SA conjugates) and showed the specific targeting ability to Staphylococcus bacteria. Furthermore, among the structural factors we evaluated, the stereo-chemistry of the amino acid backbone of SA conjugates is essential to efficiently target Staphylococci. Finally, we demonstrated that fluorescent Staphyloferrin A probes (SA-FL probes) could specifically target Staphylococci in complex bacterial mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Shing Andrew Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Pin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chen Sarah Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Yu-Wei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Zih-Jheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Chih-Yao Kao
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
| | - Hsuan-Min Hung
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C
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Jonblat S, As-sadi F, El Khoury A, Badr N, Kallassy M, Chokr A. Determining the dispersion time in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm using physical and molecular approaches. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32389. [PMID: 38975180 PMCID: PMC11225768 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being an innocuous commensal of human skin and mucous membranes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, infects surgical wounds and causes infections through biofilm formation. This study evaluates, in a time-dependent experiment, the self-dispersion of S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilm when formed on borosilicate glass (hydrophilic) and polystyrene (hydrophobic) surfaces, using physical and molecular approaches. During a seven-day period of incubation, absorbance measurement revealed a drop in biofilm optical density on both studied surfaces on day 4 (0.043-0.035 nm/cm2, polystyrene), (0.06-0.053 nm/cm2, borosilicate glass). Absorbance results were correlated with crystal violet staining that showed a clear detachment from day 4. The blue color increases again on day 7, with an increase in biofilm optical density indicating the regeneration of the biofilm. Changes in gene expression in the S. epidermidis biofilm were assessed using a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. High expression of agr genes was detected on days 4 and 5, confirming our supposition of dispersion in this period, autolysin genes like atlE1 and aae were upregulated from day 3 until day 6 and the genes responsible for slime production and biofilm accumulation, were upregulated on days 4, 5, and 6 (ica ADBC) and on days 5, 6 and 7 (aap), indicating a dual process taking place. These findings suggest that S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilms disperse at day 4 and reform at day 7. Over the course of the seven-day investigation, 2-ΔΔCt results showed that some genes in the biofilm were dramatically enhanced while others were significantly decreased as compared to planktonic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jonblat
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Functional Genomic and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Falah As-sadi
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, 999095, Lebanon
| | - Andre El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Neressa Badr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallassy
- Functional Genomic and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
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Farhat G, Cheng L, Al-Dujaili EAS, Zubko M. Antimicrobial Potential of Pomegranate and Lemon Extracts Alone or in Combination with Antibiotics against Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6943. [PMID: 39000051 PMCID: PMC11241309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amidst the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance as a significant health challenge, research has emerged, focusing on elucidating the antimicrobial potential of polyphenol-rich extracts to reduce reliance on antibiotics. Previous studies explored the antifungal effects of extracts as potential alternatives to conventional therapeutic strategies. We aimed to assess the antibacterial and antifungal effects of standardised pomegranate extract (PE) and lemon extract (LE) using a range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and two yeast species. Additionally, we assessed the antimicrobial activities of common antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Ceftazidime), either alone or in combination with extracts, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. PE displayed substantial antibacterial (primarily bactericidal) and antifungal effects against most pathogens, while LE exhibited antibacterial (mostly bacteriostatic) and antifungal properties to a lesser extent. When compared with antibiotics, PE showed a greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) than Ciprofloxacin and Ceftazidime (p < 0.01) and comparable ZOI to Gentamicin (p = 0.4) against Staphylococcus aureus. However, combinations of either PE or LE with antibiotics exhibited either neutral or antagonistic effects on antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These findings contribute to the existing evidence regarding the antimicrobial effects of PE and LE. They add to the body of research suggesting that polyphenols exert both antagonistic and synergistic effects in antimicrobial activity. This highlights the importance of identifying optimal polyphenol concentrations that can enhance antibiotic activity and reduce antibiotic resistance. Further in vivo studies, starting with animal trials and progressing to human trials, may potentially lead to recommendation of these extracts for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Farhat
- Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK
| | - Lewis Cheng
- Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BG, UK
| | - Emad A S Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mikhajlo Zubko
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
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18
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van den Berg RB, Akgöl K, Swart EL, Nuijen B, Crul M. Container closure integrity testing and process validation of closed system transfer devices for aseptic reconstitution of drug vials connected to fluid bags. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2024; 31:358-362. [PMID: 36792349 PMCID: PMC11265557 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2022-003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The closure integrity and process validation of closed system transfer devices (CSTDs) should be confirmed before implementation in clinical settings. We aimed to investigate the closure integrity and validate the aseptic procedure of two types of CSTDs by using a combination of the dye ingress test and a media fill test. METHODS The dye ingress test with methylene blue was used for both CSTDs with 10 samples of drug vials of three brands. A media fill test was performed with both CSTDs (300 samples per CSTD, 150 carried out in a safety cabinet and 150 under non-classified environmental conditions). RESULTS In all samples of both CSTDs, methylene blue was absent after visual inspection and spectrophotometric analysis. The nutrient media of one sample with CSTD A and none of the CSTD B samples were contaminated when reconstituted in a GMP grade A environment. Under non-classified environmental conditions, one sample of CSTD A and two samples of CSTD B were contaminated. CONCLUSIONS Both CSTDs connected to the drug vials met the terms of closure integrity by using the dye ingress test. The aseptic procedure of CSTD B was validated with the media fill test when reconstituted in a GMP grade A environment, but failed for CSTD A. Both CSTDs failed the media fill test when reconstituted under non-classified environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland B van den Berg
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kübra Akgöl
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora L Swart
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Nuijen
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Crul
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Ito K, Ogawa T, Tanigaki T, Kameda K, Hashimoto H, Kawana A, Kimizuka Y. Eosinophilic pleural effusion due to Staphylococcus epidermidis infection: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2024; 51:102075. [PMID: 39006194 PMCID: PMC11245978 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2024.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic pleural effusion is rare, and the cause is often obscure. A 73-year-old man with no relevant medical history presented with exertional dyspnea. Chest imaging revealed left-sided pleural effusion, and pleural fluid examination revealed eosinophilic pleural effusion. Blood tests revealed an increased peripheral blood eosinophil count and elevated Immunoglobulin E levels. Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected in pleural specimens collected via thoracoscopy. Antimicrobial therapy targeting Staphylococcus epidermidis resolved the eosinophilic pleural effusion and elevated peripheral blood eosinophil count. Staphylococcus epidermidis infection may be considered as a cause of eosinophilic pleural effusion when the diagnosis is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Ito
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takunori Ogawa
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Tomomi Tanigaki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Koji Kameda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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20
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Na HH, Kim S, Kim JS, Lee S, Kim Y, Kim SH, Lee CH, Kim D, Yoon SH, Jeong H, Kweon D, Seo HW, Ryu CM. Facemask acne attenuation through modulation of indirect microbiome interactions. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38902263 PMCID: PMC11190265 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, facemasks played a pivotal role in preventing person-person droplet transmission of viral particles. However, prolonged facemask wearing causes skin irritations colloquially referred to as 'maskne' (mask + acne), which manifests as acne and contact dermatitis and is mostly caused by pathogenic skin microbes. Previous studies revealed that the putative causal microbes were anaerobic bacteria, but the pathogenesis of facemask-associated skin conditions remains poorly defined. We therefore characterized the role of the facemask-associated skin microbiota in the development of maskne using culture-dependent and -independent methodologies. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the majority of the facemask microbiota were anaerobic bacteria that originated from the skin rather than saliva. Previous work demonstrated direct interaction between pathogenic bacteria and antagonistic strains in the microbiome. We expanded this analysis to include indirect interaction between pathogenic bacteria and other indigenous bacteria classified as either 'pathogen helper (PH)' or 'pathogen inhibitor (PIn)' strains. In vitro screening of bacteria isolated from facemasks identified both strains that antagonized and promoted pathogen growth. These data were validated using a mouse skin infection model, where we observed attenuation of symptoms following pathogen infection. Moreover, the inhibitor of pathogen helper (IPH) strain, which did not directly attenuate pathogen growth in vitro and in vivo, functioned to suppress symptom development and pathogen growth indirectly through PH inhibitory antibacterial products such as phenyl lactic acid. Taken together, our study is the first to define a mechanism by which indirect microbiota interactions under facemasks can control symptoms of maskne by suppressing a skin pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hee Na
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seil Kim
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seob Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yeseul Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
- Functional Genomics Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeyoung Jeong
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Daehyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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21
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Kellgren T, Dwibedi C, Widerström M, Sundell D, Öhrman C, Sjödin A, Monsen T, Rydén P, Johansson A. Completed genome and emergence scenario of the multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis ST215. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:215. [PMID: 38890594 PMCID: PMC11186124 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A multidrug-resistant lineage of Staphylococcus epidermidis named ST215 is a common cause of prosthetic joint infections and other deep surgical site infections in Northern Europe, but is not present elsewhere. The increasing resistance among S. epidermidis strains is a global concern. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize ST215 from healthcare settings. RESULTS We completed the genome of a ST215 isolate from a Swedish hospital using short and long reads, resulting in a circular 2,676,787 bp chromosome and a 2,326 bp plasmid. The new ST215 genome was placed in phylogenetic context using 1,361 finished public S. epidermidis reference genomes. We generated 10 additional short-read ST215 genomes and 11 short-read genomes of ST2, which is another common multidrug-resistant lineage at the same hospital. We studied recombination's role in the evolution of ST2 and ST215, and found multiple recombination events averaging 30-50 kb. By comparing the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 31 antimicrobial drugs with the genome content encoding antimicrobial resistance in the ST215 and ST2 isolates, we found highly similar resistance traits between the isolates, with 22 resistance genes being shared between all the ST215 and ST2 genomes. The ST215 genome contained 29 genes that were historically identified as virulence genes of S. epidermidis ST2. We established that in the nucleotide sequence stretches identified as recombination events, virulence genes were overrepresented in ST215, while antibiotic resistance genes were overrepresented in ST2. CONCLUSIONS This study features the extensive antibiotic resistance and virulence gene content in ST215 genomes. ST215 and ST2 lineages have similarly evolved, acquiring resistance and virulence through genomic recombination. The results highlight the threat of new multidrug-resistant S. epidermidis lineages emerging in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Kellgren
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE, 90187, Sweden
| | - Chinmay Dwibedi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Widerström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - David Sundell
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, 90182, Umeå, SE, Sweden
| | - Caroline Öhrman
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, 90182, Umeå, SE, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, 90182, Umeå, SE, Sweden
| | - Tor Monsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Rydén
- Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, SE, 90187, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Wang C, Le MNT, Kawada-Matsuo M, Hisatsune J, Sugawara Y, Arai C, Nakanishi J, Takeda K, Shiba H, Sugai M, Komatsuzawa H. Ursoricin, a bacteriocin of Streptococcus ursoris, has potent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0016224. [PMID: 38775468 PMCID: PMC11218630 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00162-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), has increased the need to discover novel antimicrobial agents that are effective against these species. Here, we describe the identification and purification of the mutacin BHT-B-like gene locus and bacteriocin peptide from Streptococcus ursoris, which is closely related to Streptococcus ratti; hence, we named this bacteriocin ursoricin. Ursoricin is a cationic, chromosome-encoded peptide that has potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA and VRE, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the micromolar range. Ursoricin also inhibits the biofilm formation of high biofilm-forming S. aureus. Antibacterial activity was retained after treatment at 100°C for 60 min at a pH range of 3-9 and was partially reduced by treatment with proteinase K for 2 h (63% residual activity). The potent anti-MRSA, anti-VRE, and antibiofilm effects of ursoricin suggest that it is a possible candidate for the treatment of MRSA, VRE, and biofilm-associated infections. IMPORTANCE The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide has posed a significant public health threat and economic burdens that make the identification and development of novel antimicrobial agents urgent. Bacteriocins are promising new agents that exhibit antibacterial activity against a wide range of human pathogens. In this study, we report that the bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus ursoris showed good antibacterial activity against a wide range of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus strains, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and high biofilm-forming S. aureus. Interestingly, this bacteriocin had a stronger effect on S. aureus than on Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a major commensal bacterium in human skin; this result is important when considering the disturbance of bacterial flora, especially on the skin, mediated by the application of antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutian Wang
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mi Nguyen-Tra Le
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Miki Kawada-Matsuo
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yo Sugawara
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Arai
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakanishi
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Takeda
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Sugai
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Komatsuzawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Project Research Centre for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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23
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Eisenbraun EL, Vulpis TD, Prosser BN, Horswill AR, Blackwell HE. Synthetic Peptides Capable of Potent Multigroup Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing Activation and Inhibition in Both Cultures and Biofilm Communities. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15941-15954. [PMID: 38832917 PMCID: PMC11321086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis uses a chemical signaling process, i.e., quorum sensing (QS), to form robust biofilms and cause human infection. Many questions remain about QS in S. epidermidis, as it uses this intercellular communication pathway to both negatively and positively regulate virulence traits. Herein, we report synthetic multigroup agonists and antagonists of the S. epidermidis accessory gene regulator (agr) QS system capable of potent superactivation and complete inhibition, respectively. These macrocyclic peptides maintain full efficacy across the three major agr specificity groups, and their activity can be "mode-switched" from agonist to antagonist via subtle residue-specific structural changes. We describe the design and synthesis of these non-native peptides and demonstrate that they can appreciably decrease biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces, underscoring the potential for agr agonism as a route to block S. epidermidis virulence. Additionally, we show that both the S. epidermidis agonists and antagonists are active in S. aureus, another common pathogen with a related agr system, yet only as antagonists. This result not only revealed one of the most potent agr inhibitors known in S. aureus but also highlighted differences in the mechanisms of agr agonism and antagonism between these related bacteria. Finally, our investigations reveal unexpected inhibitory behavior for certain S. epidermidis agr agonists at sub-activating concentrations, an observation that can be leveraged for the design of future probes with enhanced potencies. Together, these peptides provide a powerful tool set to interrogate the role of QS in S. epidermidis infections and in Staphylococcal pathogenicity in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Eisenbraun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Troy D. Vulpis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Brendan N. Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexander R. Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Helen E. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Xi H, Luo Z, Liu MF, Chen Q, Zhu Q, Yuan L, Sheng YY, Zhao R. Diclofenac sodium effectively inhibits the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:289. [PMID: 38847838 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen commonly implicated in medical device-related infections. Its propensity to form biofilms not only leads to chronic infections but also exacerbates the issue of antibiotic resistance, necessitating high-dose antimicrobial treatments. In this study, we explored the use of diclofenac sodium, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, as an anti-biofilm agent against S. epidermidis. In this study, crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscope analysis showed that diclofenac sodium, at subinhibitory concentration (0.4 mM), significantly inhibited biofilm formation in both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis isolates. MTT assays demonstrated that 0.4 mM diclofenac sodium reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms by 25.21-49.01% compared to untreated controls. Additionally, the treatment of diclofenac sodium resulted in a significant decrease (56.01-65.67%) in initial bacterial adhesion, a crucial early phase of biofilm development. Notably, diclofenac sodium decreased the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a key component of the S. epidermidis biofilm matrix, in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that diclofenac sodium treatment downregulated biofilm-associated genes icaA, fnbA, and sigB and upregulated negative regulatory genes icaR and luxS, providing potential mechanistic insights. These findings indicate that diclofenac sodium inhibits S. epidermidis biofilm formation by affecting initial bacterial adhesion and the PIA synthesis. This underscores the potential of diclofenac sodium as a supplementary antimicrobial agent in combating staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Xi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Mei-Fang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yi-Yun Sheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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25
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Abdurrahman G, Pospich R, Steil L, Gesell Salazar M, Izquierdo González JJ, Normann N, Mrochen D, Scharf C, Völker U, Werfel T, Bröker BM, Roesner LM, Gómez-Gascón L. The extracellular serine protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a type 2-biased immune response in atopic dermatitis patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352704. [PMID: 38895118 PMCID: PMC11183529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with skin barrier defects and a misdirected type 2 immune response against harmless antigens. The skin microbiome in AD is characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity with a dominance of staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Objective To assess whether S. epidermidis antigens play a role in AD, we screened for candidate allergens and studied the T cell and humoral immune response against the extracellular serine protease (Esp). Methods To identify candidate allergens, we analyzed the binding of human serum IgG4, as a surrogate of IgE, to S. epidermidis extracellular proteins using 2-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. We then measured serum IgE and IgG1 binding to recombinant Esp by ELISA in healthy and AD individuals. We also stimulated T cells from AD patients and control subjects with Esp and measured the secreted cytokines. Finally, we analyzed the proteolytic activity of Esp against IL-33 and determined the cleavage sites by mass spectrometry. Results We identified Esp as the dominant candidate allergen of S. epidermidis. Esp-specific IgE was present in human serum; AD patients had higher concentrations than controls. T cells reacting to Esp were detectable in both AD patients and healthy controls. The T cell response in healthy adults was characterized by IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas the AD patients' T cells lacked IL-17 production and released only low amounts of IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-10. In contrast, Th2 cytokine release was higher in T cells from AD patients than from healthy controls. Mature Esp cleaved and activated the alarmin IL-33. Conclusion The extracellular serine protease Esp of S. epidermidis can activate IL-33. As an antigen, Esp elicits a type 2-biased antibody and T cell response in AD patients. This suggests that S. epidermidis can aggravate AD through the allergenic properties of Esp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rebecca Pospich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Normann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Mrochen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lennart M. Roesner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Saifi F, Jeoboam B, Demory Beckler M, Costin JM. The Association Between Lactational Infective Mastitis and the Microbiome: Development, Onset, and Treatments. Cureus 2024; 16:e62717. [PMID: 39036221 PMCID: PMC11259407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactational infective mastitis (LIM) was previously thought to occur due to trapped milk causing inadequate milk drainage and consequent infection. However, advances in genome sequencing techniques have shown that the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacilli species, and Bifidobacterium species in the breast milk of lactating women play a key role in the development of LIM. Recent discoveries have revealed that the breast milk microbiome is composed of bacteria and other microorganisms, which are seeded through multiple pathways and are influenced by maternal factors. An imbalance in the microbial abundance in breast milk can lead to LIM. Given that this infection can cause early termination of breastfeeding, it is imperative to discuss prevention and treatment options. The objective of this review is to highlight the pathogens involved in LIM affecting human mothers, routes of bacterial transfer, and contributing factors that may influence changes in the composition of the milk microbiota, as well as propose preventative and curative treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farishta Saifi
- Biomedical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Benscar Jeoboam
- Biomedical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Microbiology and Immunology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Joshua M Costin
- Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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Fisher CR, Masters TL, Johnson S, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Chia N, Abdel MP, Patel R. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with periprosthetic joint infection under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 315:151620. [PMID: 38579524 PMCID: PMC11214590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the commensal microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes, though it can also act as a pathogen in certain scenarios, causing a range of infections, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Transcriptomic profiling may provide insights into mechanisms by which S. epidermidis adapts while in a pathogenic compared to a commensal state. Here, a total RNA-sequencing approach was used to profile and compare the transcriptomes of 19 paired PJI-associated S. epidermidis samples from an in vivo clinical source and grown in in vitro laboratory culture. Genomic comparison of PJI-associated and publicly available commensal-state isolates were also compared. Of the 1919 total transcripts found, 145 were from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when comparing in vivo or in vitro samples. Forty-two transcripts were upregulated and 103 downregulated in in vivo samples. Of note, metal sequestration-associated genes, specifically those related to staphylopine activity (cntA, cntK, cntL, and cntM), were upregulated in a subset of clinical in vivo compared to laboratory grown in vitro samples. About 70% of the total transcripts and almost 50% of the DEGs identified have not yet been annotated. There were no significant genomic differences between known commensal and PJI-associated S. epidermidis isolates, suggesting that differential genomics may not play a role in S. epidermidis pathogenicity. In conclusion, this study provides insights into phenotypic alterations employed by S epidermidis to adapt to infective and non-infected microenvironments, potentially informing future therapeutic targets for related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody R Fisher
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thao L Masters
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas Chia
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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28
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Jonblat S, As-Sadi F, Zibara K, Sabban ME, Dermesrobian V, Khoury AE, Kallassy M, Chokr A. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm assembly and self-dispersion: bacteria and matrix dynamics. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:831-844. [PMID: 37824024 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis, despite being a commensal of human skin and mucosa, is a major nosocomial pathogen implicated in device-associated infections. The dissemination of infection to other body sites is related to biofilm dispersal. This study focused on the dispersion stage of S. epidermidis CIP 444 biofilm, with the assessment of biofilm matrix composition in a time-dependent experiment (7 days extended) with 3 independent repetitions, using confocal laser scanning microcopy (CLSM) in association with ZEN 3.4 blue edition, COMSTAT, and ImageJ software. SYTO-9, propidium iodide (PI), DID'OIL, FITC, and calcofluor white M2R (CFW) were used to stain biofilm components. The results indicated that the biomass of dead cells increased from 15.18 ± 1.81 µm3/µm2 (day 3) to 23.15 ± 6.075 µm3/µm2 (day 4), along with a decrease in alive cells' biomass from 22.75 ± 2.968 µm3/µm2 (day 3) to 18.95 ± 5.713 µm3/µm2 (day 4). When the intensities were measured after marking the biofilm components, in a 24-h-old biofilm, polysaccharide made up the majority of the investigated components (52%), followed by protein (18.9%). Lipids make up just 11.6% of the mature biofilm. Protein makes up the largest portion (48%) of a 4-day-old biofilm, followed by polysaccharides (37.8%) and lipids (7.27%). According to our findings, S. epidermidis CIP 444 dispersion occurred on day 4 of incubation, and new establishment of the biofilm occurred on day 7. Remarkable changes in biofilm composition will pave the way for a new approach to understanding bacterial strategies inside biofilms and finding solutions to their impacts in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Jonblat
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Functional Genomics and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Falah As-Sadi
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, 999095, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, DSST, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marwan El Sabban
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107, Lebanon
| | - Vera Dermesrobian
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, Beirut, 1107, Lebanon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - André El Khoury
- Centre d'Analyses Et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies Et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Mireille Kallassy
- Functional Genomics and Proteomic Laboratory, Faculté Des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus Des Sciences Et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Lebanon
| | - Ali Chokr
- Research Laboratory of Microbiology (RLM), Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Environmental Sciences (PRASE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Lebanese University, Hadat Campus, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Zidarič T, Gradišnik L, Frangež T, Šoštarič M, Korunič E, Maver T, Maver U. Novel 3D printed polysaccharide-based materials with prebiotic activity for potential treatment of diaper rash. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131958. [PMID: 38697421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Diaper rash, mainly occurring as erythema and itching in the diaper area, causes considerable distress to infants and toddlers. Increasing evidence suggests that an unequal distribution of microorganisms on the skin contributes to the development of diaper dermatitis. Probiotic bacteria, like Staphylococcus epidermidis, are crucial for maintaining a healthy balance in the skin's microbiome, among others, through their fermentative metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Using a defined prebiotic as a carbon source (e.g., as part of the diaper formulation) can selectively trigger the fermentation of probiotic bacteria. A proper material choice can reduce diaper rash incidence by diminishing the skin exposure to wetness and faeces. Using 3D printing, we fabricated carbon-rich materials for the top sheet layer of baby diapers that enhance the probiotic activity of S. epidermidis. The developed materials' printability, chemical composition, swelling ability, and degradation rate were analysed. In addition, microbiological tests evaluated their potential as a source of in situ short-chain fatty acid production. Finally, biocompatibility testing with skin cells evaluated their safety for potential use as part of diapers. The results demonstrate a cost-effective approach for producing novel materials that can tailor the ecological balance of the skin microflora and help treat diaper rash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Zidarič
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Lidija Gradišnik
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Frangež
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Centre for Microbiological Analysis of Food, Water and Other Environmental Samples, Maribor, Slovenia, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Šoštarič
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Centre for Microbiological Analysis of Food, Water and Other Environmental Samples, Maribor, Slovenia, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Eva Korunič
- National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, Centre for Chemical Analysis of Food, Water and Other Environmental Samples, Maribor, Slovenia, Prvomajska ulica 1, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tina Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Maver
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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30
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Elsallab M, Bourgeois F, Maus MV. National Survey of FACT-Accredited Cell Processing Facilities: Assessing Preparedness for Local Manufacturing of Immune Effector Cells. Transplant Cell Ther 2024; 30:626.e1-626.e11. [PMID: 38494077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of the human immune system as a therapeutic modality has materialized in the form of novel biologics known as immune effector cells (IECs). However, currently approved IECs rely on autologous cells for manufacturing that are funneled through costly centralized supply chains leading to long wait times and potentially increased mortality. Alternative models for manufacturing at or near the point-of-care in a distributed and local approach are being proposed to overcome such a bottleneck. Cell processing facilities for minimally manipulated products, as well as academic good manufacturing practice facilities, are being considered for such manufacturing tasks. However, the infrastructure and the practices of these facilities remains unstudied. Here, we surveyed the cell processing facilities accredited by the Foundation for Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) in the United States to better understand their preparedness for local manufacturing of IECs. A structured survey consisting of 40 items was distributed to the directors of 157 facilities. The survey evaluated 6 domains, including facility characteristics, quality practices, personnel, use of automation, experience with IECs, and the perception of the point-of-care model. Thirty-eight facilities completed the survey (24.2%). Most facilities were involved in handling IEC products (35/38, 92.1%), and the majority had infrastructure to support basic operations and quality control such as viability (36/36, 100%), identity (33/36, 91.7%), and sterility (33/36, 91.7%). The quality practices varied among the facilities depending on the types of products processed. A slight majority implemented automation in their workflows (22/38, 57.9%). Facilities expressed a general interest in adopting point-of-care models (23/38, 61%), with financial and human resources identified as the most significant constraints. In conclusion, FACT-accredited cell processing facilities may provide the infrastructure required for local manufacturing. However, there is a need for standardization and minimum quality requirements to effectively implement such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdi Elsallab
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florence Bourgeois
- Harvard-MIT Center for Regulatory Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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31
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Beaver M, Bergdolt L, Dunaevsky A, Kielian T, Skar GL. C1q is elevated during chronic Staphylococcus epidermidis central nervous system catheter infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342467. [PMID: 38881889 PMCID: PMC11176433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Significant neurologic morbidity is caused by pediatric cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections. The underlying mechanisms leading to impaired school performance and increased risk of seizures are unknown, however, a better understanding of these mechanisms may allow us to temper their consequences. Recent evidence has demonstrated important roles for complement proteins in neurodevelopment and neuroinflammation. Methods We examined complement activation throughout Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) central nervous system (CNS) catheter infection. In addition, based on accumulating evidence that C3 plays a role in synaptic pruning in other neuroinflammatory states we determined if C3 and downstream C5 led to alterations in synaptic protein levels. Using our murine model of S. epidermidis catheter infection we quantified levels of the complement components C1q, Factor B, MASP2, C3, and C5 over the course of infection along with bacterial burdens. Results We found that MASP2 predominated early in catheter infection, but that Factor B was elevated at intermediate time points. Unexpectedly C1q was elevated at late timepoints when bacterial burdens were low or undetectable. Based on these findings and the wealth of information regarding the emerging roles of C1q in the CNS, this suggests functions beyond pathogen elimination during S. epidermidis CNS catheter infection. To identify if C3 impacted synaptic protein levels we performed synaptosome isolation and quantified levels of VGLUT1 and PSD95 as well as pre-, post- and total synaptic puncta in cortical layer V of C3 knockout (KO) and wild type mice. We also used C5 KO and wild type mice to determine if there was any difference in pre-, post- and total synaptic puncta. Discussion Neither C3 nor C5 impacted synaptic protein abundance. These findings suggest that chronic elevations in C1q in the brain that persist once CNS catheter infection has resolved may be modulating disease sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Lara Bergdolt
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Anna Dunaevsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gwenn L Skar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Shi J, Kim S, Li P, Dong F, Yang C, Nam B, Han C, Eig E, Shi LL, Niu S, Yue J, Tian B. Active biointegrated living electronics for managing inflammation. Science 2024; 384:1023-1030. [PMID: 38815037 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Seamless interfaces between electronic devices and biological tissues stand to revolutionize disease diagnosis and treatment. However, biological and biomechanical disparities between synthetic materials and living tissues present challenges at bioelectrical signal transduction interfaces. We introduce the active biointegrated living electronics (ABLE) platform, encompassing capabilities across the biogenic, biomechanical, and bioelectrical properties simultaneously. The living biointerface, comprising a bioelectronics layout and a Staphylococcus epidermidis-laden hydrogel composite, enables multimodal signal transduction at the microbial-mammalian nexus. The extracellular components of the living hydrogels, prepared through thermal release of naturally occurring amylose polymer chains, are viscoelastic, capable of sustaining the bacteria with high viability. Through electrophysiological recordings and wireless probing of skin electrical impedance, body temperature, and humidity, ABLE monitors microbial-driven intervention in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Saehyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pengju Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fuying Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chuanwang Yang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ethan Eig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lewis L Shi
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jiping Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Qin L, Yang S, Zhao C, Yang J, Li F, Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Li K, Xiong C, Huang W, Hu N, Hu X. Prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. Bone Res 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38744863 PMCID: PMC11094017 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection in deep bone tissue. Its high recurrence rate and impaired restoration of bone deficiencies are major challenges in treatment. Microbes have evolved numerous mechanisms to effectively evade host intrinsic and adaptive immune attacks to persistently localize in the host, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants (SCVs). Moreover, microbial-mediated dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment impedes the bone regeneration process, leading to impaired bone defect repair. Despite advances in surgical strategies and drug applications for the treatment of bone infections within the last decade, challenges remain in clinical management. The development and application of tissue engineering materials have provided new strategies for the treatment of bone infections, but a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This review discusses the critical pathogenic mechanisms of microbes in the skeletal system and their immunomodulatory effects on bone regeneration, and highlights the prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. It will inform the development and translation of antimicrobial and bone repair tissue engineering materials for the management of bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaji Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haotian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Jing, 101408, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Masheghati F, Asgharzadeh MR, Jafari A, Masoudi N, Maleki-Kakelar H. The role of gut microbiota and probiotics in preventing, treating, and boosting the immune system in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2024; 344:122529. [PMID: 38490297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a significant role in developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome usually acts as a protective barrier against harmful pathogens and infections in the intestine, while also regulating inflammation by affecting the human immune system. The gut microbiota and probiotics play a role not only in intestinal inflammation associated with tumor formation but also in regulating anti-cancer immune response. As a result, they associated with tumor progression and the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Research indicates that gut microbiota and probiotics can be used as biomarkers to predict the impact of immunotherapy and enhance its efficacy in treating CRC by regulating it. This review examines the importance of gut microbiota and probiotics in the development and progression of CRC, as well as their synergistic impact on anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Masheghati
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naser Masoudi
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hadi Maleki-Kakelar
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Yan Y, Xu J, Huang W, Fan Y, Li Z, Tian M, Ma J, Lu X, Liang J. Metagenomic and Culturomics Analysis of Microbial Communities within Surface Sediments and the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Pristine River: The Zaqu River in the Lancang River Source Region, China. Microorganisms 2024; 12:911. [PMID: 38792738 PMCID: PMC11124135 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting sedimentary environments in river source regions serve as pivotal indicators of pristine river ecosystems. While the correlation between antibiotic resistome and pathogenicity with core gut bacteria in humans is well established, there exists a significant knowledge gap concerning the interaction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) with specific microbes in river source basins, often referred to as "terrestrial gut". Understanding the microbial composition, including bacteria and resident genetic elements such as ARGs, HPB, Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs), and Virulence Factors (VFs), within natural habitats against the backdrop of global change, is imperative. To address this gap, an enrichment-based culturomics complementary along with metagenomics was conducted in this study to characterize the microbial biobank and provide preliminary ecological insights into profiling the dissemination of ARGs in the Lancang River Source Basin. Based on our findings, in the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin, 674 strains of bacteria, comprising 540 strains under anaerobic conditions and 124 under aerobic conditions, were successfully isolated. Among these, 98 species were identified as known species, while 4 were potential novel species. Of these 98 species, 30 were HPB relevant to human health. Additionally, bacA and bacitracin emerged as the most abundant ARGs and antibiotics in this river, respectively. Furthermore, the risk assessment of ARGs predominantly indicated the lowest risk rank (Rank Ⅳ) in terms of endangering human health. In summary, enrichment-based culturomics proved effective in isolating rare and unknown bacteria, particularly under anaerobic conditions. The emergence of ARGs showed limited correlation with MGEs, indicating minimal threats to human health within the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Wenmin Huang
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Yufeng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhenpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingkai Tian
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Jinsheng Ma
- School of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.Y.); (J.X.); (W.H.); (M.T.); (J.M.)
| | - Xin Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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36
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Kassym L, Kussainova A, Semenova Y, McLoone P. Antimicrobial Effect of Honey Phenolic Compounds against E. coli-An In Vitro Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:560. [PMID: 38794130 PMCID: PMC11123796 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing concern over antimicrobial resistance in chronic wound patients necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments from natural sources. This study suggests that honey's phenolic compounds may offer antimicrobial benefits, warranting further investigation for therapeutic development. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds and to determine the effects of their sub-inhibitory concentrations against Escherichia coli (E. coli). 3-phenyllactic acid (PLA), p-coumaric acid (PCA), and phloretin were tested against the bacterial strain of E. coli ATCC 25922. Comparison of the antimicrobial activity of honey constituents in vitro was performed using a broth culture assay. Measurement of the inhibitory properties of constituents in vitro was conducted using disc and well diffusion assays. The effects of sub-inhibitory concentrations of PCA on the susceptibility of E. coli ATCC 25922 to penicillin-streptomycin were tested. The results demonstrated that PLA was the most efficient antimicrobial agent, followed by PCA, whereas phloretin, at lower (2 mg/mL) concentrations, led to an increase in the growth of E. coli. Various modifications of the agar diffusion assay did not reveal the antibacterial properties of the studied phytochemicals. The enhancing effect of a sub-inhibitory concentration of PCA in cooperation with penicillin-streptomycin was shown. These findings might be helpful for the further investigation and development of new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of skin infections and wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kassym
- Department of General Medical Practice with a Course of Evidence-Based Medicine, NJSC “Astana Medical University”, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Assiya Kussainova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Pauline McLoone
- School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
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37
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Beck C, Krusche J, Notaro A, Walter A, Kränkel L, Vollert A, Stemmler R, Wittmann J, Schaller M, Slavetinsky C, Mayer C, De Castro C, Peschel A. Wall teichoic acid substitution with glucose governs phage susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis. mBio 2024; 15:e0199023. [PMID: 38470054 PMCID: PMC11005348 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01990-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The species- and clone-specific susceptibility of Staphylococcus cells for bacteriophages is governed by the structures and glycosylation patterns of wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers. The glycosylation-dependent phage-WTA interactions in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have remained unknown. We report a new S. epidermidis WTA glycosyltransferase TagE whose deletion confers resistance to siphoviruses such as ΦE72 but enables binding of otherwise unbound podoviruses. S. epidermidis glycerolphosphate WTA was found to be modified with glucose in a tagE-dependent manner. TagE is encoded together with the enzymes PgcA and GtaB providing uridine diphosphate-activated glucose. ΦE72 transduced several other CoNS species encoding TagE homologs, suggesting that WTA glycosylation via TagE is a frequent trait among CoNS that permits interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our study unravels a crucial mechanism of phage-Staphylococcus interaction and horizontal gene transfer, and it will help in the design of anti-staphylococcal phage therapies.IMPORTANCEPhages are highly specific for certain bacterial hosts, and some can transduce DNA even across species boundaries. How phages recognize cognate host cells remains incompletely understood. Phages infecting members of the genus Staphylococcus bind to wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers with highly variable structures and glycosylation patterns. How WTA is glycosylated in the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis and in other coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species has remained unknown. We describe that S. epidermidis glycosylates its WTA backbone with glucose, and we identify a cluster of three genes responsible for glucose activation and transfer to WTA. Their inactivation strongly alters phage susceptibility patterns, yielding resistance to siphoviruses but susceptibility to podoviruses. Many different CoNS species with related glycosylation genes can exchange DNA via siphovirus ΦE72, suggesting that glucose-modified WTA is crucial for interspecies horizontal gene transfer. Our finding will help to develop antibacterial phage therapies and unravel routes of genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Beck
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janes Krusche
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Notaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Axel Walter
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara Kränkel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anneli Vollert
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regine Stemmler
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Wittmann
- Leibniz Institute, DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Electron-Microscopy, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Slavetinsky
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Organismic Interactions/Glycobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Peschel
- Cluster of Excellence “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections (CMFI)”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Infection Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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38
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Alsaadi SE, Lu H, Zhang M, Dykes GF, Allison HE, Horsburgh MJ. Bacteriophages from human skin infecting coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: diversity, novelty and host resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8245. [PMID: 38589670 PMCID: PMC11001980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skin microbiome comprises diverse populations that differ temporally between body sites and individuals. The virome is a less studied component of the skin microbiome and the study of bacteriophages is required to increase knowledge of the modulation and stability of bacterial communities. Staphylococcus species are among the most abundant colonisers of skin and are associated with both health and disease yet the bacteriophages infecting the most abundant species on skin are less well studied. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of 40 bacteriophages from human skin swabs that infect coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species, which extends our knowledge of phage diversity. Six genetic clusters of phages were identified with two clusters representing novel phages, one of which we characterise and name Alsa phage. We identified that Alsa phages have a greater ability to infect the species S. hominis that was otherwise infected less than other CoNS species by the isolated phages, indicating an undescribed barrier to phage infection that could be in part due to numerous restriction-modification systems. The extended diversity of Staphylococcus phages here enables further research to define their contribution to skin microbiome research and the mechanisms that limit phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah E Alsaadi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hanshuo Lu
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Minxing Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather E Allison
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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39
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Zvizdic Z, Hukic L, Ljubovic AD, Milisic E, Jonuzi A, Vranic S. Epidemiology and early bacterial colonization of minor and moderate pediatric burns: A retrospective study from a developing country. Burns 2024; 50:623-629. [PMID: 37981486 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infection is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients worldwide. Isolation and identification of pediatric burn wound bacterial colonizers can prevent infection and improve burn trauma treatment. In this study, we explored early microbial colonizers within the burn wounds and the susceptibility of those isolates to antibiotics among hospitalized pediatric patients with minor and moderate burns, clinically significant infections and outcomes. METHODS A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients admitted to the inpatient pediatric surgical ward and treated for minor and moderate burns from 2009 to 2018 was performed. RESULTS One hundred six patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 3.6 ± three years (0.2-14.1 years). The most common type of burn was scald burns (82.1%). The mean TBSA of the hospitalized pediatric burn cases was 8.5% (IQR, 6-12%). Seventy-nine (74.5%) patients had positive wound cultures at admission, regardless of the hospital admission day. Fifty-eight (73.4%) had one bacterial growth (mono isolate), while 21 (26.6%) had mixed growth or poly isolates. Among patients with mixed growth or poly isolate, 16 had two bacteria, three had three bacteria, and one had four bacteria isolated, totaling 105 isolated microorganisms (14 different species, 70.5% Gram-positive bacteria and 29.5% Gram-negative bacteria). Twelve patients (11%) developed clinically significant infections (eleven got burn wound infection, and one had septicemia). All patients received prophylactic systemic antibiotics. Only 35.2% of the isolated bacteria from the wounds were sensitive to the prophylactic antibiotics, and only ∼17% in case of clinically significant infections. We found a statistically significant difference in the length of hospital stay between patients with initially colonized samples of burn wounds compared with patients with initial negative samples (p = 0.008). All patients in the cohort survived hospital discharge. CONCLUSION Despite common bacterial colonization of acute burn wounds, only ∼10% of the patients developed clinically significant infections, a minority of which were sensitive to prophylactic antibiotics. Our findings indicate the need to refine the antibiotic approach in pediatric patients with minor/moderate burns in our local setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatan Zvizdic
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lamija Hukic
- Public Institution Health Center of the Canton Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Dedeic Ljubovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Milisic
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Asmir Jonuzi
- Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Semir Vranic
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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40
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Debs P, Boutin RD, Smith SE, Babic M, Blankenbaker D, Chandra V, Murphey M, Thottacherry E, Kreulen C, Fayad LM. Chronic Nonspinal Osteomyelitis in Adults: Consensus Recommendations on Percutaneous Bone Biopsies from the Society of Academic Bone Radiologists. Radiology 2024; 311:e231348. [PMID: 38625010 PMCID: PMC11070610 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.231348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of chronic nonspinal osteomyelitis can be challenging, and guidelines regarding the appropriateness of performing percutaneous image-guided biopsies to acquire bone samples for microbiological analysis remain limited. An expert panel convened by the Society of Academic Bone Radiologists developed and endorsed consensus statements on the various indications for percutaneous image-guided biopsies to standardize care and eliminate inconsistencies across institutions. The issued statements pertain to several commonly encountered clinical presentations of chronic osteomyelitis and were supported by a literature review. For most patients, MRI can help guide management and effectively rule out osteomyelitis when performed soon after presentation. Additionally, in the appropriate clinical setting, open wounds such as sinus tracts and ulcers, as well as joint fluid aspirates, can be used for microbiological culture to determine the causative microorganism. If MRI findings are positive, surgery is not needed, and alternative sites for microbiological culture are not available, then percutaneous image-guided biopsies can be performed. The expert panel recommends that antibiotics be avoided or discontinued for an optimal period of 2 weeks prior to a biopsy whenever possible. Patients with extensive necrotic decubitus ulcers or other surgical emergencies should not undergo percutaneous image-guided biopsies but rather should be admitted for surgical debridement and intraoperative cultures. Multidisciplinary discussion and approach are crucial to ensure optimal diagnosis and care of patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Debs
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Robert D. Boutin
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Stacy E. Smith
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Maja Babic
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Donna Blankenbaker
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Venita Chandra
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Mark Murphey
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Elizabeth Thottacherry
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Christopher Kreulen
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
| | - Laura M. Fayad
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (P.D., L.M.F.), and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (L.M.F.) and
Oncology (L.M.F.), The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, 600 N
Wolfe St, JHOC 3014, Baltimore, MD 21287; Department of Radiology (R.D.B.) and
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (V.C.), Stanford University
School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and
Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass (S.E.S.); Infectious Disease Department,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (M.B.); Department of Radiology, University of
Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis (D.B.);
Musculoskeletal Imaging and Neuroradiology, ACR Institute for Radiologic
Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.M.); Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (E.T.); and Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California–Davis, Sacramento, Calif
(C.K.)
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41
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Tewes TJ, Kerst M, Pavlov S, Huth MA, Hansen U, Bockmühl DP. Unveiling the efficacy of a bulk Raman spectra-based model in predicting single cell Raman spectra of microorganisms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27824. [PMID: 38510034 PMCID: PMC10950671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In a previous publication, we trained predictive models based on Raman bulk spectra of microorganisms placed on a silicon dioxide protected silver mirror slide to make predictions for new Raman spectra, unknown to the models, of microorganisms placed on a different substrate, namely stainless steel. Now we have combined large sections of this data and trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) to make predictions for single cell Raman spectra. We show that a database based on microbial bulk material is conditionally suited to make predictions for the same species in terms of single cells. Data of 13 different microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) were used. Two of the 13 species could be identified 90% correctly and five other species 71%-88%. The six remaining species were correctly predicted by only 0%-49%. Especially stronger fluorescence in bulk material compared to single cells but also photodegradation of carotenoids are some effects that can complicate predictions for single cells based on bulk data. The results could be helpful in assessing universal Raman tools or databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Tewes
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Mario Kerst
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Svyatoslav Pavlov
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Miriam A. Huth
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
| | - Ute Hansen
- Faculty of Communication and Environment, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Friedrich-Heinrich-Allee, 47475, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Dirk P. Bockmühl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Marie-Curie-Straße 1, 47533, Kleve, Germany
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42
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Morimura A, Taniguchi M, Takei H, Sakamoto O, Naono N, Akeda Y, Onozuka D, Yoshimura J, Tomono K, Kutsuna S, Hamaguchi S. Using novel micropore technology combined with artificial intelligence to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6994. [PMID: 38523156 PMCID: PMC10961322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods for identifying bacterial pathogens are broadly categorised into conventional culture-based microbiology, nucleic acid-based tests, and mass spectrometry. The conventional method requires several days to isolate and identify bacteria. Nucleic acid-based tests and mass spectrometry are relatively rapid and reliable, but they require trained technicians. Moreover, mass spectrometry requires expensive equipment. The development of a novel, inexpensive, and simple technique for identifying bacterial pathogens is needed. Through combining micropore technology and assembly machine learning, we developed a novel classifier whose receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.94, which rapidly differentiated between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in this proof-of-concept study. Morphologically similar bacteria belonging to an identical genus can be distinguished using our method, which requires no specific training, and may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bacterial infections in remote areas and in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Morimura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takei
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakamoto
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Norihiko Naono
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Oral Microbe Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yoshimura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Oral Microbe Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Transformative Analysis for Human Specimen, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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43
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Kadirvelu L, Sivaramalingam SS, Jothivel D, Chithiraiselvan DD, Karaiyagowder Govindarajan D, Kandaswamy K. A review on antimicrobial strategies in mitigating biofilm-associated infections on medical implants. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 6:100231. [PMID: 38510214 PMCID: PMC10951465 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomedical implants are crucial in providing support and functionality to patients with missing or defective body parts. However, implants carry an inherent risk of bacterial infections that are biofilm-associated and lead to significant complications. These infections often result in implant failure, requiring replacement by surgical restoration. Given these complications, it is crucial to study the biofilm formation mechanism on various biomedical implants that will help prevent implant failures. Therefore, this comprehensive review explores various types of implants (e.g., dental implant, orthopedic implant, tracheal stent, breast implant, central venous catheter, cochlear implant, urinary catheter, intraocular lens, and heart valve) and medical devices (hemodialyzer and pacemaker) in use. In addition, the mechanism of biofilm formation on those implants, and their pathogenesis were discussed. Furthermore, this article critically reviews various approaches in combating implant-associated infections, with a special emphasis on novel non-antibiotic alternatives to mitigate biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lohita Kadirvelu
- Research Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowmiya Sri Sivaramalingam
- Research Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepsikha Jothivel
- Research Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivia Dharshika Chithiraiselvan
- Research Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kumaravel Kandaswamy
- Research Center for Excellence in Microscopy, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641049, Tamil Nadu, India
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44
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Gürsoy N, Karadayı S, Akmayan İ, Karadayı B, Özbek T. Time-dependent change in the microbiota structure of seminal stains exposed to indoor environmental. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:591-602. [PMID: 37814017 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Seminal stains acquired from fabric surfaces stand as pivotal biological evidence of utmost significance for elucidating sexual assault cases. The ability to determine the temporal aspect of a forensic incident via the analysis of a biological specimen found at the crime scene is crucial in resolving most cases. This study aimed to investigate the time-dependent change in the microbiota structure of human seminal stains exposed to indoor environmental conditions. Stains on polyester fabric generated using semen samples from five male volunteers were kept indoors for varying durations of up to 20 days, followed by sequencing of the V1-V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene of the microbial DNA extracted from the stains. The acquired data provided the taxonomic composition, and microbial alterations across different days were examined. The most abundantly detected phyla in all samples were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the relative abundances of bacteria were observed to change over time. Statistically significant changes at the species level were found for Treponema medium, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Anaerostipes hadrus. Alterations observed in the samples between the analyzed time periods were investigated. The changes during the specified time periods were examined, identifying rare bacterial species that were initially present on certain days but later ceased to exist in the environment. Conversely, bacterial species that were absent before exposure but emerged at a later stage were also identified. The findings of this study demonstrate that species-level evaluations, in particular, can provide crucial insights into semen stain age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursena Gürsoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukriye Karadayı
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlkgül Akmayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beytullah Karadayı
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülin Özbek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Roehrig C, Huemer M, Lorgé D, Arn F, Heinrich N, Selvakumar L, Gasser L, Hauswirth P, Chang CC, Schweizer TA, Eichenseher F, Lehmann S, Zinkernagel AS, Schmelcher M. MEndoB, a chimeric lysin featuring a novel domain architecture and superior activity for the treatment of staphylococcal infections. mBio 2024; 15:e0254023. [PMID: 38275913 PMCID: PMC10865858 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02540-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a growing global healthcare concern, as an estimated annual 4.95 million deaths are associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one of the deadliest pathogens and a high-priority pathogen according to the World Health Organization. Peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) of phage origin have been postulated as a new class of antimicrobials for the treatment of bacterial infections, with a novel mechanism of action and no known resistances. The modular architecture of PGHs permits the creation of chimeric PGH libraries. In this study, the chimeric enzyme MEndoB was selected from a library of staphylococcal PGHs based on its rapid and sustained activity against staphylococci in human serum. The benefit of the presented screening approach was illustrated by the superiority of MEndoB in a head-to-head comparison with other PGHs intended for use against staphylococcal bacteremia. MEndoB displayed synergy with antibiotics and rapid killing in human whole blood with complete inhibition of re-growth over 24 h at low doses. Successful treatment of S. aureus-infected zebrafish larvae with MEndoB provided evidence for its in vivo effectiveness. This was further confirmed in a lethal systemic mouse infection model in which MEndoB significantly reduced S. aureus loads and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in blood in a dose-dependent manner, which led to increased survival of the animals. Thus, the thorough lead candidate selection of MEndoB resulted in an outstanding second-generation PGH with in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo results supporting further development.IMPORTANCEOne of the most pressing challenges of our era is the rising occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Staphylococci are prominent pathogens in humans, which have developed multiple strategies to evade the effects of antibiotics. Infections caused by these bacteria have resulted in a high burden on the health care system and a significant loss of lives. In this study, we have successfully engineered lytic enzymes that exhibit an extraordinary ability to eradicate staphylococci. Our findings substantiate the importance of meticulous lead candidate selection to identify therapeutically promising peptidoglycan hydrolases with unprecedented activity. Hence, they offer a promising new avenue for treating staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roehrig
- Micreos Pharmaceuticals AG, Baar, Zug, Switzerland
- Micreos GmbH, Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lynn Gasser
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Hauswirth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano A. Schweizer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Steffi Lehmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S. Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Folle C, Marqués AM, Díaz-Garrido N, Carvajal-Vidal P, Sánchez López E, Suñer-Carbó J, Halbaut L, Mallandrich M, Espina M, Badia J, Baldoma L, García ML, Calpena AC. Gel-Dispersed Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Loading Thymol Designed for Dermal Pathologies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1225-1248. [PMID: 38348173 PMCID: PMC10859765 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s433686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermal disorders affecting skin health and appearance. To date, there is no effective cure for this pathology, and the majority of marketed formulations eliminate both healthy and pathological microbiota. Therefore, hereby we propose the encapsulation of an antimicrobial natural compound (thymol) loaded into lipid nanostructured systems to be topically used against acne. Methods To address this issue, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) capable of encapsulating thymol, a natural compound used for the treatment of acne vulgaris, were developed either using ultrasonication probe or high-pressure homogenization and optimized using 22-star factorial design by analyzing the effect of NLC composition on their physicochemical parameters. These NLC were optimized using a design of experiments approach and were characterized using different physicochemical techniques. Moreover, short-term stability and cell viability using HaCat cells were assessed. Antimicrobial efficacy of the developed NLC was assessed in vitro and ex vivo. Results NLC encapsulating thymol were developed and optimized and demonstrated a prolonged thymol release. The formulation was dispersed in gels and a screening of several gels was carried out by studying their rheological properties and their skin retention abilities. From them, carbomer demonstrated the capacity to be highly retained in skin tissues, specifically in the epidermis and dermis layers. Moreover, antimicrobial assays against healthy and pathological skin pathogens demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of thymol-loaded NLC gelling systems since NLC are more efficient in slowly reducing C. acnes viability, but they possess lower antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, compared to free thymol. Conclusion Thymol was successfully loaded into NLC and dispersed in gelling systems, demonstrating that it is a suitable candidate for topical administration against acne vulgaris by eradicating pathogenic bacteria while preserving the healthy skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Folle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Carvajal-Vidal
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Amer MA, Darwish MM, Soliman NS, Amin HM. Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1328390. [PMID: 38371297 PMCID: PMC10869526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1328390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of gram-positive staphylococcal species that naturally inhabit the healthy human skin and mucosa. The clinical impact of CoNS-associated infections has recently been regarded as a challenge for diagnosis and therapeutic options. CoNS-associated infections are primarily caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics and biofilm formation. As antibiotics are still the most used treatment, this problem will likely persist in the future. The present study aimed to investigate the resistance and virulence of CoNS recovered from various acne lesions and explore their genetic basis. Skin swab samples were collected from participants with acne and healthy skin. All samples underwent conventional culture for the isolation of CoNS, MALDI-TOF confirmation, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm formation testing. A total of 85 CoNS isolates were recovered from the samples and preliminarily identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. Isolates from the acne group (n = 60) showed the highest rates of resistance to penicillin (73%), cefoxitin (63%), clindamycin (53.3%), and erythromycin (48%), followed by levofloxacin (36.7%) and gentamycin (31.7%). The lowest rates of resistance were observed against tetracycline (28.3%), doxycycline (11.7%), and minocycline (8.3%). CoNS isolated from mild, moderate acne and healthy isolates did not show strong biofilm formation, whereas the isolates from the severe cases of the acne group showed strong biofilm formation (76.6%). Four extensively drug-resistant and strong biofilm-forming staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with severe acne were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and their genomes were investigated using bioinformatics tools. Three of the sequenced genomes were identified as S. epidermidis; however, isolate 29AM was identified as Staphylococcus warneri, which is a newly emerging pathogen that is not commonly associated with acne and was not detected by MALDI-TOF. All the sequenced strains were multidrug-resistant and carried multiple resistance genes, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT, which were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes. Virulence features were detected in all genomes in the presence of genes involved in adherence and biofilm formation (icaA, icaB, icaC, sdrG, sdrH, atl, ebh, and ebp). Only the S. warneri isolate 29AM contained immune evasion genes (capB, capC, acpXL, and manA), an anti-phagocytosis gene (cdsA), and other unique features. As a result of their potential pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance, CoNS must be monitored as an emerging pathogen associated with acne infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to isolate, identify, and correlate S. warneri with severe acne infections among Egyptian patients using WGS and bioinformatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A. Amer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Darwish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha S. Soliman
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
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48
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Folle C, Marqués AM, Mallandrich M, Suñer-Carbó J, Halbaut L, Sánchez-López E, López-Machado AL, Díaz-Garrido N, Badia J, Baldoma L, Espina M, García ML, Calpena AC. Colloidal hydrogel systems of thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles designed for acne treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113678. [PMID: 38194839 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Thymol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (TH-NPs) were incorporated into different semi-solid formulations using variable gelling agents (carbomer, polysaccharide and poloxamer). The formulations were physicochemically characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. Moreover, stability studies were performed by analyzing the backscattering profile showing that the gels were able to increase the nanoparticles stability at 4 °C. Moreover, rheological properties showed that all gels were able to increase the viscosity of TH-NPs with the carbomer gels showing the highest values. Moreover, the observation of carbomer dispersed TH-NPs under electron microscopical techniques showed 3D nanometric cross-linked filaments with the NPs found embedded in the threads. In addition, cytotoxicity studies showed that keratinocyte cells in contact with the formulations obtained cell viability values higher than 70 %. Furthermore, antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against C. acnes and S. epidermidis showing that the formulations eliminated the pathogenic C. acnes but preserved the resident S. epidermidis which contributes towards a healthy skin microbiota. Finally, biomechanical properties of TH-NPs dispersed in carbomer gels in contact with healthy human skin were studied showing that they did not alter skin properties and were able to reduce sebum which is increased in acne vulgaris. As a conclusion, TH-NPs dispersed in semi-solid formulations and, especially in carbomer gels, may constitute a suitable solution for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Folle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ana Laura López-Machado
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan de Déu (IR‑SJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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49
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Hu P, Sharaby Y, Gu J, Radian A, Lang‐Yona N. Environmental processes and health implications potentially mediated by dust-borne bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13222. [PMID: 38151778 PMCID: PMC10866058 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microbial migration and survival mechanisms in dust events (DEs) can elucidate genetic and metabolic exchange between environments and help predict the atmospheric pathways of ecological and health-related microbial stressors. Dust-borne microbial communities have been previously characterized, but the impact and interactions between potentially active bacteria within transported communities remain limited. Here, we analysed samples collected during DEs in Israel, using amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and transcripts. Different air trajectories and wind speeds were associated not only with the genomic microbial community composition variations but also with specific 16S rRNA bacterial transcripts. Potentially active dust-borne bacteria exhibited positive interactions, including carbon and nitrogen cycling, biotransformation of heavy metals, degradation of organic compounds, biofilm formation, and the presence of pathogenic taxa. This study provides insights into the potential interactive relationships and survival strategies of microorganisms within the extreme dust environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research GroupGuangdong Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Yehonatan Sharaby
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
- Present address:
Department of Biology and EnvironmentUniversity of HaifaOranimTivonIsrael
| | - Ji‐Dong Gu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research GroupGuangdong Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyShantouGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy ConversionGuangdong Technion—Israel Institute of TechnologyShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Adi Radian
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
| | - Naama Lang‐Yona
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringTechnion—Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael
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50
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Zhang H, Tran K, Lindley R, Dotel R. Daptomycin plus ceftaroline salvage therapy for persistent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8486. [PMID: 38380381 PMCID: PMC10876918 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Initial antibiotics for true Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia include vancomycin or linezolid, but if bacteremia persists, consideration should be made for salvage combination therapy regimes such as daptomycin with ceftaroline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Blacktown Mount Druitt Clinical SchoolWestern Sydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kylie Tran
- Pharmacy DepartmentBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Richard Lindley
- Department of GeriatricsBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Westmead Applied Research CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ravindra Dotel
- Department of Infectious DiseasesBlacktown HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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