1
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Sripada SA, Hosseini M, Ramesh S, Wang J, Ritola K, Menegatti S, Daniele MA. Advances and opportunities in process analytical technologies for viral vector manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 74:108391. [PMID: 38848795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Viral vectors are an emerging, exciting class of biologics whose application in vaccines, oncology, and gene therapy has grown exponentially in recent years. Following first regulatory approval, this class of therapeutics has been vigorously pursued to treat monogenic disorders including orphan diseases, entering hundreds of new products into pipelines. Viral vector manufacturing supporting clinical efforts has spurred the introduction of a broad swath of analytical techniques dedicated to assessing the diverse and evolving panel of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) of these products. Herein, we provide an overview of the current state of analytics enabling measurement of CQAs such as capsid and vector identities, product titer, transduction efficiency, impurity clearance etc. We highlight orthogonal methods and discuss the advantages and limitations of these techniques while evaluating their adaptation as process analytical technologies. Finally, we identify gaps and propose opportunities in enabling existing technologies for real-time monitoring from hardware, software, and data analysis viewpoints for technology development within viral vector biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mahshid Hosseini
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Srivatsan Ramesh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Junhyeong Wang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Kimberly Ritola
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brain Initiative Neurotools Vector Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, 890 Main Campus Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, and University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, 890 Oval Dr, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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2
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Park A, Lee JY. Adenoviral Vector System: A Comprehensive Overview of Constructions, Therapeutic Applications and Host Responses. J Microbiol 2024; 62:491-509. [PMID: 39037484 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are crucial for gene therapy and vaccine development, offering a platform for gene delivery into host cells. Since the discovery of adenoviruses, first-generation vectors with limited capacity have evolved to third-generation vectors flacking viral coding sequences, balancing safety and gene-carrying capacity. The applications of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy and anti-viral treatments have expanded through the use of in vitro ligation and homologous recombination, along with gene editing advancements such as CRISPR-Cas9. Current research aims to maintain the efficacy and safety of adenoviral vectors by addressing challenges such as pre-existing immunity against adenoviral vectors and developing new adenoviral vectors from rare adenovirus types and non-human species. In summary, adenoviral vectors have great potential in gene therapy and vaccine development. Through continuous research and technological advancements, these vectors are expected to lead to the development of safer and more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyeseu Park
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Lee
- The Laboratory of Viromics and Evolution, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Göttig L, Schreiner S. E4orf1: The triple agent of adenovirus - Unraveling its roles in oncogenesis, infectious obesity and immune responses in virus replication and vector therapy. Tumour Virus Res 2024; 17:200277. [PMID: 38428735 PMCID: PMC10937242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2024.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous sub-types that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating cellular pathways such as PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Ras, the immune response and further HAdV replication stages than previously anticipated. In this review, we aim to explore the structure, molecular mechanisms, and biological functions of E4orf1, shedding light on its potentially multifaceted roles during HAdV infection, including metabolic diseases and oncogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the role of functional E4orf1 in biotechnological applications such as Adenovirus (AdV) vaccine vectors and oncolytic AdV. By dissecting the intricate relationships between HAdV types and E4orf1 proteins, this review provides valuable insights into viral pathogenesis and points to promising areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Göttig
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schreiner
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (Resolving Infection Susceptibility; EXC 2155), Hannover, Germany; Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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4
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Kamboj A, Dumka S, Saxena MK, Singh Y, Kaur BP, da Silva SJR, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Review of Our Understanding and Challenges of Viral Vaccines against Swine Pathogens. Viruses 2024; 16:833. [PMID: 38932126 PMCID: PMC11209531 DOI: 10.3390/v16060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pig farming has become a strategically significant and economically important industry across the globe. It is also a potentially vulnerable sector due to challenges posed by transboundary diseases in which viral infections are at the forefront. Among the porcine viral diseases, African swine fever, classical swine fever, foot and mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pseudorabies, swine influenza, and transmissible gastroenteritis are some of the diseases that cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry. It is a well-established fact that vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective strategy to control viral infections in animals. From the period of Jenner and Pasteur to the recent new-generation technology era, the development of vaccines has contributed significantly to reducing the burden of viral infections on animals and humans. Inactivated and modified live viral vaccines provide partial protection against key pathogens. However, there is a need to improve these vaccines to address emerging infections more comprehensively and ensure their safety. The recent reports on new-generation vaccines against swine viruses like DNA, viral-vector-based replicon, chimeric, peptide, plant-made, virus-like particle, and nanoparticle-based vaccines are very encouraging. The current review gathers comprehensive information on the available vaccines and the future perspectives on porcine viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kamboj
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shaurya Dumka
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yashpal Singh
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Bani Preet Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
| | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
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5
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Sanchez-Felipe L, Alpizar YA, Ma J, Coelmont L, Dallmeier K. YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250133. [PMID: 38571392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yeranddy A Alpizar
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Mohite P, Yadav V, Pandhare R, Maitra S, Saleh FM, Saleem RM, Al-malky HS, Kumarasamy V, Subramaniyan V, Abdel-Daim MM, Uti DE. Revolutionizing Cancer Treatment: Unleashing the Power of Viral Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras in the New Era of Immunotherapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:7277-7295. [PMID: 38405458 PMCID: PMC10882662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer immunotherapy, a profound evolution has ushered in sophisticated strategies that encompass both traditional cancer vaccines and emerging viral vaccines. This comprehensive Review offers an in-depth exploration of the methodologies, clinical applications, success stories, and future prospects of these approaches. Traditional cancer vaccines have undergone significant advancements utilizing diverse modalities such as proteins, peptides, and dendritic cells. More recent innovations have focused on the physiological mechanisms enabling the human body to recognize and combat precancerous and malignant cells, introducing specific markers like peptide-based anticancer vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens. Moreover, cancer viral vaccines, leveraging engineered viruses to stimulate immune responses against specific antigens, exhibit substantial promise in inducing robust and enduring immunity. Integration with complementary therapeutic methods, including monoclonal antibodies, adjuvants, and radiation therapy, has not only improved survival rates but also deepened our understanding of viral virulence. Recent strides in vaccine design, encompassing oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and viral vectors, mark the frontier of innovation. While these advances hold immense potential, critical challenges must be addressed, such as strategies for immune evasion, potential off-target effects, and the optimization of viral genomes. In the landscape of immunotherapy, noteworthy innovations take the spotlight from the use of immunomodulatory agents for the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune collaboration. The emergence of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) as precision tools for cancer therapy is particularly exciting. With a focus on various cancers, from melanoma to formidable solid tumors, this Review critically assesses types of cancer vaccines, mechanisms, barriers in vaccine therapy, vaccine efficacy, safety profiles, and immune-related adverse events, providing a nuanced perspective on the underlying mechanisms involving cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. The Review also underscores the transformative potential of cutting-edge technologies such as clinical studies, molecular sequencing, and artificial intelligence in advancing the field of cancer vaccines. These tools not only expedite progress but also emphasize the multidimensional and rapidly evolving nature of this research, affirming its profound significance in the broader context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Popat Mohite
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Vaishnavi Yadav
- AETs
St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India
| | - Ramdas Pandhare
- MESs
College of Pharmacy, Sonai Tal-Newasa, Maharashtra 414105, India
| | - Swastika Maitra
- Center
for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
- Department
of Microbiology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, West Bengal, India
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Mohammed Saleem
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha 65431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan S. Al-malky
- Regional
Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinoth Kumarasamy
- Department
of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Pharmacology
Unit, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar
Sunway, 47500 Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Center
for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Savetha
Dental College, Savetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Savetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box
6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology
Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Daniel E. Uti
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State 970001, Nigeria
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7
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Poria R, Kala D, Nagraik R, Dhir Y, Dhir S, Singh B, Kaushik NK, Noorani MS, Kaushal A, Gupta S. Vaccine development: Current trends and technologies. Life Sci 2024; 336:122331. [PMID: 38070863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing or eradicating diseases caused by pathogens, there remain certain diseases and emerging infections for which developing effective vaccines is inherently challenging. Additionally, developing vaccines for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions presents significant difficulties. As well as traditional vaccine different methods such as inactivated or live attenuated vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and subunit vaccines, emerging non-viral vaccine technologies, including viral-like particle and nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design, offer new strategies to address the existing challenges in vaccine development. These advancements have also greatly enhanced our understanding of vaccine immunology, which will guide future vaccine development for a broad range of diseases, including rapidly emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19 and diseases that have historically proven resistant to vaccination. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of emerging non-viral vaccine production methods and their application in addressing the fundamental and current challenges in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Poria
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Deepak Kala
- Centera Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rupak Nagraik
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Yashika Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Salik Noorani
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ankur Kaushal
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
| | - Shagun Gupta
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be) University, Mullana, Ambala 134003, India.
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8
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Janes ME, Gottlieb AP, Park KS, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S. Cancer vaccines in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10588. [PMID: 38193112 PMCID: PMC10771564 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are an important tool in the rapidly evolving repertoire of immunotherapies in oncology. Although cancer vaccines have been investigated for over 30 years, very few have achieved meaningful clinical success. However, recent advances in areas such antigen identification, formulation development and manufacturing, combination therapy regimens, and indication and patient selection hold promise to reinvigorate the field. Here, we provide a timely update on the clinical status of cancer vaccines. We identify and critically analyze 360 active trials of cancer vaccines according to delivery vehicle, antigen type, indication, and other metrics, as well as highlight eight globally approved products. Finally, we discuss current limitations and future applications for clinical translation of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Janes
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard‐MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander P. Gottlieb
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Pharmacy, University of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringBostonMassachusettsUSA
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9
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Liu S, Hu M, Liu X, Liu X, Chen T, Zhu Y, Liang T, Xiao S, Li P, Ma X. Nanoparticles and Antiviral Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38250843 PMCID: PMC10819235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses have threatened human lives for decades, causing both chronic and acute infections accompanied by mild to severe symptoms. During the long journey of confrontation, humans have developed intricate immune systems to combat viral infections. In parallel, vaccines are invented and administrated to induce strong protective immunity while generating few adverse effects. With advancements in biochemistry and biophysics, different kinds of vaccines in versatile forms have been utilized to prevent virus infections, although the safety and effectiveness of these vaccines are diverse from each other. In this review, we first listed and described major pathogenic viruses and their pandemics that emerged in the past two centuries. Furthermore, we summarized the distinctive characteristics of different antiviral vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, in the main body, we reviewed recent advances of nanoparticles in the development of next-generation vaccines against influenza viruses, coronaviruses, HIV, hepatitis viruses, and many others. Specifically, we described applications of self-assembling protein polymers, virus-like particles, nano-carriers, and nano-adjuvants in antiviral vaccines. We also discussed the therapeutic potential of nanoparticles in developing safe and effective mucosal vaccines. Nanoparticle techniques could be promising platforms for developing broad-spectrum, preventive, or therapeutic antiviral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Taizhen Liang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Peiwen Li
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; (S.L.); (M.H.); (X.L.); (X.L.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (T.L.); (S.X.); (P.L.)
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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10
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Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Wei J, Xu J, Peng J, Zhang J. HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1862. [PMID: 38140265 PMCID: PMC10747071 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC has significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of universal HBV vaccination programs. The first hepatitis B vaccine approved was developed by purifying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led to the development of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for HBV infection, continuous research is essential to develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic hepatitis B vaccination has been important in the prevention of hepatitis B because it has effectively produced protective immunity against hepatitis B viral infection. Prophylactic vaccines only need to provoke neutralizing antibodies directed against the HBV envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic vaccines are most likely needed to induce a comprehensive T cell response and thus, should include other HBV antigens, such as HBV core and polymerase. The existing vaccines have proven to be highly effective in preventing HBV infection, but ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy, duration of protection, and accessibility. The routine administration of the HBV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated worldwide. The purpose of this type of immunization is to trigger an immunological response in the host, which will halt HBV replication. The clinical efficacy and safety of the HBV vaccine are affected by a number of immunological and clinical factors. However, this success is now in jeopardy due to the breakthrough infections caused by HBV variants with mutations in the S gene, high viral loads, and virus-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we describe various types of available HBV vaccines, along with the recent progress in the ongoing battle to develop new vaccines against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Jia Wei
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Peng
- The Obstetrical Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China;
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
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11
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Li Z, Zhu Y, Yan F, Jin H, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Feng N, Wang T, Li N, Yang S, Xia X, Cong Y. Inactivated Recombinant Rabies Virus Displaying the Nipah Virus Envelope Glycoproteins Induces Systemic Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1758. [PMID: 38140162 PMCID: PMC10747385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) causes severe, lethal encephalitis in humans and pigs. However, there is no licensed vaccine available to prevent NiV infection. In this study, we used the reverse genetic system based on the attenuated rabies virus strain SRV9 to construct two recombinant viruses, rSRV9-NiV-F and rSRV9-NiV-G, which displayed the NiV envelope glycoproteins F and G, respectively. Following three immunizations in BALB/c mice, the inactivated rSRV9-NiV-F and rSRV9-NiV-G alone or in combination, mixed with the adjuvants ISA 201 VG and poly (I:C), were able to induce the antigen-specific cellular and Th1-biased humoral immune responses. The specific antibodies against rSRV9-NiV-F and rSRV9-NiV-G had reactivity with two constructed bacterial-like particles displaying the F and G antigens of NiV. These data demonstrate that rSRV9-NiV-F or rSRV9-NiV-G has the potential to be developed into a promising vaccine candidate against NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Li
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130122, China
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Abstract
The use of cancer vaccines is considered a promising therapeutic strategy in clinical oncology, which is achieved by stimulating antitumor immunity with tumor antigens delivered in the form of cells, peptides, viruses, and nucleic acids. The ideal cancer vaccine has many advantages, including low toxicity, specificity, and induction of persistent immune memory to overcome tumor heterogeneity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Many therapeutic vaccines have entered clinical trials for a variety of cancers, including melanoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and others. However, many challenges, including single antigen targeting, weak immunogenicity, off-target effects, and impaired immune response, have hindered their broad clinical translation. In this review, we introduce the principle of action, components (including antigens and adjuvants), and classification (according to applicable objects and preparation methods) of cancer vaccines, summarize the delivery methods of cancer vaccines, and review the clinical and theoretical research progress of cancer vaccines. We also present new insights into cancer vaccine technologies, platforms, and applications as well as an understanding of potential next-generation preventive and therapeutic vaccine technologies, providing a broader perspective for future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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13
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Silk SE, Kalinga WF, Mtaka IM, Lilolime NS, Mpina M, Milando F, Ahmed S, Diouf A, Mkwepu F, Simon B, Athumani T, Rashid M, Mohammed L, Lweno O, Ali AM, Nyaulingo G, Mwalimu B, Mswata S, Mwamlima TG, Barrett JR, Wang LT, Themistocleous Y, King LDW, Hodgson SH, Payne RO, Nielsen CM, Lawrie AM, Nugent FL, Cho JS, Long CA, Miura K, Draper SJ, Minassian AM, Olotu AI. Superior antibody immunogenicity of a viral-vectored RH5 blood-stage malaria vaccine in Tanzanian infants as compared to adults. MED 2023; 4:668-686.e7. [PMID: 37572659 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RH5 is a leading blood-stage candidate antigen for a Plasmodium falciparum vaccine; however, its safety and immunogenicity in malaria-endemic populations are unknown. METHODS A phase 1b, single-center, dose-escalation, age-de-escalation, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in Bagamoyo, Tanzania (NCT03435874). Between 12th April and 25th October 2018, 63 healthy adults (18-35 years), young children (1-6 years), and infants (6-11 months) received a priming dose of viral-vectored ChAd63 RH5 or rabies control vaccine. Sixty participants were boosted with modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) RH5 or rabies control vaccine 8 weeks later and completed 6 months of follow-up post priming. Primary outcomes were the number of solicited and unsolicited adverse events post vaccination and the number of serious adverse events over the study period. Secondary outcomes included measures of the anti-RH5 immune response. FINDINGS Vaccinations were well tolerated, with profiles comparable across groups. No serious adverse events were reported. Vaccination induced RH5-specific cellular and humoral responses. Higher anti-RH5 serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were observed post boost in young children and infants compared to adults. Vaccine-induced antibodies showed growth inhibition activity (GIA) in vitro against P. falciparum blood-stage parasites; their highest levels were observed in infants. CONCLUSIONS The ChAd63-MVA RH5 vaccine shows acceptable safety and reactogenicity and encouraging immunogenicity in children and infants residing in a malaria-endemic area. The levels of functional GIA observed in RH5-vaccinated infants are the highest reported to date following human vaccination. These data support onward clinical development of RH5-based blood-stage vaccines to protect against clinical malaria in young African infants. FUNDING Medical Research Council, London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Silk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Wilmina F Kalinga
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ivanny M Mtaka
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Nasoro S Lilolime
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Maximillian Mpina
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Florence Milando
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Saumu Ahmed
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ababacar Diouf
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Fatuma Mkwepu
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Beatus Simon
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Thabit Athumani
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Latipha Mohammed
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Omary Lweno
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Ali M Ali
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Gloria Nyaulingo
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Bakari Mwalimu
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Mswata
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Tunu G Mwamlima
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
| | - Jordan R Barrett
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lawrence T Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Yrene Themistocleous
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lloyd D W King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Susanne H Hodgson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ruth O Payne
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Carolyn M Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alison M Lawrie
- Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Fay L Nugent
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Jee-Sun Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Carole A Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Simon J Draper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela M Minassian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ally I Olotu
- Interventions and Clinical Trials Department, Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
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14
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Abay Z, Sadikalieva S, Shorayeva K, Yespembetov B, Sarmykova M, Jekebekov K, Tokkarina G, Absatova Z, Kalimolda E, Shayakhmetov Y, Moldagulova S, Issabek A, Kopeyev S, Omurtay A, Barakbayev K, Kassenov M, Syrym N, Abduraimov Y, Zakarya K, Nurpeisova A. Phylogenetic analysis of prospective M. bovis antigens with the aim of developing candidate vaccines for bovine tuberculosis. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:99. [PMID: 37823960 PMCID: PMC10570230 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Tuberculosis is a respiratory disease caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) that infects cattle. Though rare, this disease can also affect humans, as well as domestic and wild animals, making it a serious concern. Therefore, searching for alternative and new vaccines with high efficiency and safety is the main goal in bovine tuberculosis prophylaxis. New vaccines, known as vector vaccines, have the potential to become safe and effective alternatives to the traditional BCG vaccine. In this study, two major immunodominant proteins of M. bovis Esat-6 and TB10.4 were utilized to create a vector vaccine for bovine tuberculosis. METHODS The Esat-6 and TB10.4 genes were amplified by PCR. The amplified and purified PCR products were sequenced by the Sanger method. Assembly and multiple alignments of amplicon nucleotides were carried out in the MEGA 11 software. RESULT Two genes of the local strain 0078-M. bovis-8/RIBSP were sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the GenBank database. Comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the ESAT-6 and TB10.4 genes established 100% identity of the compared strains of Mycobacterium. CONCLUSION Through the use of phylogenetic analysis, it has been confirmed that the amplified genes are related to the mycobacteria genus. This discovery allows the development of a vector vaccine against bovine tuberculosis utilising these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandos Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
- al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Kamshat Shorayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan.
| | - Bolat Yespembetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Makpal Sarmykova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanish Jekebekov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Tokkarina
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkinay Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina Kalimolda
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Yeraly Shayakhmetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabina Moldagulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Aisha Issabek
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Syrym Kopeyev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Alisher Omurtay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kainar Barakbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazym Syrym
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Abduraimov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeysky, 080409, Kazakhstan
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15
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Rumler S. Non-cellular immunotherapies in pediatric central nervous system tumors. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242911. [PMID: 37885882 PMCID: PMC10598668 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are the second most common type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer death in pediatric patients. New therapies are desperately needed for some of the most malignant of all cancers. Immunotherapy has emerged in the past two decades as an additional avenue to augment/replace traditional therapies (such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy). This article first discusses the unique nature of the pediatric CNS immune system and how it interacts with the systemic immune system. It then goes on to review three important and widely studied types of immune therapies: checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, and radiation therapy, and touches on early studies of antibody-mediated immunogenic therapies, Finally, the article discusses the importance of combination immunotherapy for pediatric CNS tumors, and addresses the neurologic toxicities associated with immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rumler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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16
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Kida K, Hatanaka D, Minami M, Suzuki T, Iwakami M, Kobayashi M, Hayashi H, Kawahara H, Horikawa M, Kanaki T. Simple chitin-based cell culture platform for production of biopharmaceuticals. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:1265-1277. [PMID: 37606752 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene therapy using viral vectors and antibody-based therapies continue to expand within the pharmaceutical market. We evaluated whether Cellhesion® VP, a chitin-based material, can be used as 3D culture platform for cell lines used for the production of antibodies and viral vectors. RESULTS The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and LDH assay revealed that Cellhesion® VP had no adverse effect to Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293, A549 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) DG44-Interferon-β (IFN) cells. Cell growth analyses showed that Cellhesion® VP supported the 3D culture of HEK293, A549 and CHO DG44- IFN-β cells with a spherical morphology. Importantly, subculture of these cell lines on Cellhesion® VP was easily performed without trypsinization because cells readily transferred to newly added scaffold. Our data also suggest that CHO DG44-IFNβ, cultured on Cellhesion® VP secreted IFNβ stably and continuously during the culture period. CONCLUSIONS Cellhesion® VP provides a simple and streamlined expansion culture system for the production of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Kida
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Hatanaka
- Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masataka Minami
- Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiyo Suzuki
- Materials Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwakami
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Biological Research Laboratories, Nissan Chemical Corporation, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroharu Kawahara
- Department of Creative Engineering, Material Chemistry Course, National Institute of Technology Kitakyushu College, Fukuoka, Japan
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17
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Kong L, Liu J, Zhang M, Lu Z, Xue H, Ren A, Liu J, Li J, Ling WL, Ren G. Facile hermetic TEM grid preparation for molecular imaging of hydrated biological samples at room temperature. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5641. [PMID: 37704637 PMCID: PMC10499825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structures of vitrified supramolecular complexes have been determined at near-atomic resolution, elucidating in situ molecular structure in living cells remains a challenge. Here, we report a straightforward liquid cell technique, originally developed for real-time visualization of dynamics at a liquid-gas interface using transmission electron microscopy, to image wet biological samples. Due to the scattering effects from the liquid phase, the micrographs display an amplitude contrast comparable to that observed in negatively stained samples. We succeed in resolving subunits within the protein complex GroEL imaged in a buffer solution at room temperature. Additionally, we capture various stages of virus cell entry, a process for which only sparse structural data exists due to their transient nature. To scrutinize the morphological details further, we used individual particle electron tomography for 3D reconstruction of each virus. These findings showcase this approach potential as an efficient, cost-effective complement to other microscopy technique in addressing biological questions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Kong
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jianfang Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zhuoyang Lu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Han Xue
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Amy Ren
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wai Li Ling
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Gang Ren
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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18
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Tojjari A, Saeed A, Singh M, Cavalcante L, Sahin IH, Saeed A. A Comprehensive Review on Cancer Vaccines and Vaccine Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1357. [PMID: 37631925 PMCID: PMC10459477 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, presents a substantial global health challenge due to its high mortality and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the potential of cancer vaccines as a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC. We examine the various categories of cancer vaccines, including peptide-based, dendritic cell-based, viral vector-based, DNA, and mRNA vaccines, and their potential application in HCC management. This review also addresses the inherent challenges in vaccine development, such as tumor heterogeneity and the need for identifying tumor-specific antigens. We underscore the role of cancer vaccines in reshaping the immune environment within HCC, fostering durable immune memory, and their potential in combination therapies. The review also evaluates clinical trials and emphasizes the necessity for more extensive research to optimize vaccine design and patient selection criteria. We conclude with future perspectives, highlighting the significance of personalized therapies, innovative antigen delivery platforms, immune modulatory agents, and predictive biomarkers in revolutionizing HCC treatment. Simple Summary: This review explores the potential of cancer vaccines as a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prevalent and deadly liver cancer. The authors discuss various types of cancer vaccines, their challenges, and their role in modulating the immune response within HCC. They also highlight clinical trials and future perspectives, emphasizing the importance of personalized therapies, novel antigen delivery platforms, and predictive biomarkers. The findings from this research could significantly impact the research community by providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of cancer vaccines for HCC, thereby guiding future research and potentially transforming HCC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
| | - Ahmed Saeed
- Sarah Cannon Cancer Institute, HCA Midwest Health, Kansas City, MO 64131, USA;
| | - Meghana Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
| | | | - Ibrahim Halil Sahin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.T.); (M.S.); (I.H.S.)
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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19
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Mazloum A, Karagyaur M, Chernyshev R, van Schalkwyk A, Jun M, Qiang F, Sprygin A. Post-genomic era in agriculture and veterinary science: successful and proposed application of genetic targeting technologies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1180621. [PMID: 37601766 PMCID: PMC10434572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1180621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene editing tools have become an indispensable part of research into the fundamental aspects of cell biology. With a vast body of literature having been generated based on next generation sequencing technologies, keeping track of this ever-growing body of information remains challenging. This necessitates the translation of genomic data into tangible applications. In order to address this objective, the generated Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data forms the basis for targeted genome editing strategies, employing known enzymes of various cellular machinery, in generating organisms with specifically selected phenotypes. This review focuses primarily on CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the context of its advantages over Zinc finger proteins (ZNF) and Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and meganucleases mutagenesis strategies, for use in agricultural and veterinary applications. This review will describe the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in creating modified organisms with custom-made properties, without the undesired non-targeted effects associated with virus vector vaccines and bioactive molecules produced in bacterial systems. Examples of the successful and unsuccessful applications of this technology to plants, animals and microorganisms are provided, as well as an in-depth look into possible future trends and applications in vaccine development, disease resistance and enhanced phenotypic traits will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mazloum
- Federal Center for Animal Health, Vladimir, Russia
| | - Maxim Karagyaur
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Antoinette van Schalkwyk
- Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Ma Jun
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Fu Qiang
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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20
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Abay Z, Nurpeisova A, Shorayeva K, Sadikaliyeva S, Yespembetov B, Syrym N, Sarmykova M, Jekebekov K, Abitayev R, Tokkarina G, Kalimolda E, Absatova Z, Moldagulova S, Yoo HS, Kassenov M, Zakarya K, Abduraimov Y. Safety and Protective Efficacy of a Candidate Vector-Based Vaccine for Bovine Tuberculosis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1199. [PMID: 37515015 PMCID: PMC10385609 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the results of a survey of the safety and protective efficacy of a candidate vector-based vaccine for bovine tuberculosis, using an influenza vector with the NS1 mutation and expressing M. bovis protective antigens ESAT-6 and TB10.4. We vaccinated Balb/c outbred mice two times at 21 days apart. Our experimental design includes mice immunised with the candidate vaccine with or without adjuvant 15% Montanide Gel. The candidate vaccine's safety was determined by biometric analysis, and protective efficacy was assessed by bacteriological and histological experiments following a virulent M. bovis-8 strain challenge. Our data indicated that the adjuvant-free version of the vaccine ensured complete protection from the M. bovis-8 infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandos Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Nurpeisova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamshat Shorayeva
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Bolat Yespembetov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Nazym Syrym
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Makhpal Sarmykova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Jekebekov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Ruslan Abitayev
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Tokkarina
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Elina Kalimolda
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharkinay Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Sabina Moldagulova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Markhabat Kassenov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Kunsulu Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Yergali Abduraimov
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Guardeyskiy uts 080409, Kazakhstan
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21
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Hassert M, Arumugam S, Harty JT. Memory CD8+ T cell-mediated protection against liver-stage malaria. Immunol Rev 2023; 316:84-103. [PMID: 37014087 PMCID: PMC10524177 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, which is estimated to cause more than 240,000,000 infections and kill more than 600,000 people annually. The emergence of Plasmodia resistant to chemoprophylactic treatment highlights the urgency to develop more effective vaccines. In this regard, whole sporozoite vaccination approaches in murine models and human challenge studies have provided substantial insight into the immune correlates of protection from malaria. From these studies, CD8+ T cells have come to the forefront, being identified as critical for vaccine-mediated liver-stage immunity that can prevent the establishment of the symptomatic blood stages and subsequent transmission of infection. However, the unique biological characteristics required for CD8+ T cell protection from liver-stage malaria dictate that more work must be done to design effective vaccines. In this review, we will highlight a subset of studies that reveal basic aspects of memory CD8+ T cell-mediated protection from liver-stage malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Hassert
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sahaana Arumugam
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T. Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa- Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
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22
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Han L, Song S, Feng H, Ma J, Wei W, Si F. A roadmap for developing Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) vaccines: Lessons from the past, strategies for the future. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125514. [PMID: 37353130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), which can lead to severe central nervous system infections in both humans and animals. At present, the medical community does not possess a viable means of addressing VEE, rendering the prevention of the virus a matter of paramount importance. Regarding the prevention and control of VEEV, the implementation of a vaccination program has been recognized as the most efficient strategy. Nevertheless, there are currently no licensed vaccines or drugs available for human use against VEEV. This imperative has led to a surge of interest in vaccine research, with VEEV being a prime focus for researchers in the field. In this paper, we initially present a comprehensive overview of the current taxonomic classification of VEEV and the cellular infection mechanism of the virus. Subsequently, we provide a detailed introduction of the prominent VEEV vaccine types presently available, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, genetic, and virus-like particle vaccines. Moreover, we emphasize the challenges that current VEEV vaccine development faces and suggest urgent measures that must be taken to overcome these obstacles. Notably, based on our latest research, we propose the feasibility of incorporation codon usage bias strategies to create the novel VEEV vaccine. Finally, we prose several areas that future VEEV vaccine development should focus on. Our objective is to encourage collaboration between the medical and veterinary communities, expedite the translation of existing vaccines from laboratory to clinical applications, while also preparing for future outbreaks of new VEEV variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Han
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China; Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Clinical Medical College of Henan University, Kai Feng 475000, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Huilin Feng
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Henan University, Kai Feng 475000, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Clinical Medical College of Henan University, Kai Feng 475000, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Henan University, Kai Feng 475000, China.
| | - Fusheng Si
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China.
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23
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Isticato R. Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:947. [PMID: 37371527 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines offer several advantages over injectable conventional vaccines, such as the induction of adaptive immunity, with secretory IgA production at the entry site of most pathogens, and needle-less vaccinations. Despite their potential, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently used. Developing new effective mucosal vaccines strongly relies on identifying innovative antigens, efficient adjuvants, and delivery systems. Several approaches based on phages, bacteria, or nanoparticles have been proposed to deliver antigens to mucosal surfaces. Bacterial spores have also been considered antigen vehicles, and various antigens have been successfully exposed on their surface. Due to their peculiar structure, spores conjugate the advantages of live microorganisms with synthetic nanoparticles. When mucosally administered, spores expressing antigens have been shown to induce antigen-specific, protective immune responses. This review accounts for recent progress in the formulation of spore-based mucosal vaccines, describing a spore's structure, specifically the spore surface, and the diverse approaches developed to improve its efficiency as a vehicle for heterologous antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Isticato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Naples, Italy
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24
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Wang S, Liang B, Wang W, Li L, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:149. [PMID: 37029123 PMCID: PMC10081433 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and distribution of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are the prioritized countermeasures of human disease. Among all vaccine platforms, viral vector vaccines offer distinguished advantages and represent prominent choices for pathogens that have hampered control efforts based on conventional vaccine approaches. Currently, viral vector vaccines remain one of the best strategies for induction of robust humoral and cellular immunity against human diseases. Numerous viruses of different families and origins, including vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus, adenovirus and poxvirus, are deemed to be prominent viral vectors that differ in structural characteristics, design strategy, antigen presentation capability, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This review summarized the overall profile of the design strategies, progress in advance and steps taken to address barriers to the deployment of these viral vector vaccines, simultaneously highlighting their potential for mucosal delivery, therapeutic application in cancer as well as other key aspects concerning the rational application of these viral vector vaccines. Appropriate and accurate technological advances in viral vector vaccines would consolidate their position as a leading approach to accelerate breakthroughs in novel vaccines and facilitate a rapid response to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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25
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Recent Advances in the Development of Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccines for Parasitic Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030334. [PMID: 36986434 PMCID: PMC10058461 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against parasites have lagged centuries behind those against viral and bacterial infections, despite the devastating morbidity and widespread effects of parasitic diseases across the globe. One of the greatest hurdles to parasite vaccine development has been the lack of vaccine strategies able to elicit the complex and multifaceted immune responses needed to abrogate parasitic persistence. Viral vectors, especially adenovirus (AdV) vectors, have emerged as a potential solution for complex disease targets, including HIV, tuberculosis, and parasitic diseases, to name a few. AdVs are highly immunogenic and are uniquely able to drive CD8+ T cell responses, which are known to be correlates of immunity in infections with most protozoan and some helminthic parasites. This review presents recent developments in AdV-vectored vaccines targeting five major human parasitic diseases: malaria, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and toxoplasmosis. Many AdV-vectored vaccines have been developed for these diseases, utilizing a wide variety of vectors, antigens, and modes of delivery. AdV-vectored vaccines are a promising approach for the historically challenging target of human parasitic diseases.
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26
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Jose J, Khot KB, Shastry P, Gopan G, Bandiwadekar A, Thomas SP, Muhammad ST, Ugare SR, Chopra H, Priyanka, Choudhary OP. Recent advancements in microneedle-based vaccine delivery. Int J Surg 2022; 107:106973. [PMID: 36330987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed to be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore, 575018, India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mangalam College of Engineering, Ettumanoor, 686631, India Department of Gastroenterology, IQRAA International Hospital and Research Centre, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673009, India Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Rampura Phul, Bathinda, 151103, Punjab, India Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, 796015, Mizoram, India
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27
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Nakamura A, Kotaki T, Nagai Y, Takazawa S, Tokunaga K, Kameoka M. Construction and evaluation of a self-replicative RNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 using yellow fever virus replicon. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274829. [PMID: 36264936 PMCID: PMC9584447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a global threat. To forestall the pandemic, developing safe and effective vaccines is necessary. Because of the rapid production and little effect on the host genome, mRNA vaccines are attractive, but they have a relatively low immune response after a single dose. Replicon RNA (repRNA) is a promising vaccine platform for safety and efficacy. RepRNA vaccine encodes not only antigen genes but also the genes necessary for RNA replication. Thus, repRNA is self-replicative and can play the role of an adjuvant by itself, which elicits robust immunity. This study constructed and evaluated a repRNA vaccine in which the gene encoding the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 was inserted into a replicon of yellow fever virus 17D strain. Upon electroporation of this repRNA into baby hamster kidney cells, the S protein and yellow fever virus protein were co-expressed. Additionally, the self-replication ability of repRNA vaccine was confirmed using qRT-PCR, demonstrating its potency as a vaccine. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with 1 μg of the repRNA vaccine induced specific T-cell responses but not antibody responses. Notably, the T-cell response induced by the repRNA vaccine was significantly higher than that induced by the nonreplicative RNA vaccine in our experimental model. In the future, it is of the essence to optimize vaccine administration methods and improve S protein expression, like protection of repRNA by nanoparticles and evasion of innate immunity of the host to enhance the immune-inducing ability of the repRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (MK)
| | - Yurie Nagai
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shunta Takazawa
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kenzo Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (TK); (MK)
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28
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Agrati C, Castilletti C, Battella S, Cimini E, Matusali G, Sommella A, Sacchi A, Colavita F, Contino AM, Bordoni V, Meschi S, Gramigna G, Barra F, Grassi G, Bordi L, Lapa D, Notari S, Casetti R, Bettini A, Francalancia M, Ciufoli F, Vergori A, Vita S, Gentile M, Raggioli A, Plazzi MM, Bacchieri A, Nicastri E, Antinori A, Milleri S, Lanini S, Colloca S, Girardi E, Camerini R, Ippolito G, Vaia F, Folgori A, Capone S. Safety and immune response kinetics of GRAd-COV2 vaccine: phase 1 clinical trial results. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:111. [PMID: 36153335 PMCID: PMC9509317 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the successful deployment of efficacious vaccines and therapeutics, the development of novel vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 remains a major goal to increase vaccine doses availability and accessibility for lower income setting. We report here on the kinetics of Spike-specific humoral and T-cell response in young and old volunteers over 6 months follow-up after a single intramuscular administration of GRAd-COV2, a gorilla adenoviral vector-based vaccine candidate currently in phase-2 of clinical development. At all three tested vaccine dosages, Spike binding and neutralizing antibodies were induced and substantially maintained up to 3 months, to then contract at 6 months. Potent T-cell responses were readily induced and sustained throughout the study period, with only minor decline. No major differences in immune response to GRAd-COV2 vaccination were observed in the two age cohorts. In light of its favorable safety and immunogenicity, GRAd-COV2 is a valuable candidate for further clinical development and potential addition to the COVID-19 vaccine toolbox to help fighting SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
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29
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Reverse genetics in virology: A double edged sword. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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Travieso T, Li J, Mahesh S, Mello JDFRE, Blasi M. The use of viral vectors in vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:75. [PMID: 35787629 PMCID: PMC9253346 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00503-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent the single most cost-efficient and equitable way to combat and eradicate infectious diseases. While traditional licensed vaccines consist of either inactivated/attenuated versions of the entire pathogen or subunits of it, most novel experimental vaccines against emerging infectious diseases employ nucleic acids to produce the antigen of interest directly in vivo. These include DNA plasmid vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and recombinant viral vectors. The advantages of using nucleic acid vaccines include their ability to induce durable immune responses, high vaccine stability, and ease of large-scale manufacturing. In this review, we present an overview of pre-clinical and clinical data on recombinant viral vector vaccines and discuss the advantages and limitations of the different viral vector platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatianna Travieso
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sneha Mahesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliana Da Fonzeca Redenze E Mello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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31
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Le I, Dhandayuthapani S, Chacon J, Eiring AM, Gadad SS. Harnessing the Immune System with Cancer Vaccines: From Prevention to Therapeutics. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:816. [PMID: 35632572 PMCID: PMC9146235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination against infectious diseases is one of the most successful public health measures of our lifetime. More recently, therapeutic vaccination against established diseases such as cancer has proven to be more challenging. In the host, cancer cells evade immunologic regulation by multiple means, including altering the antigens expressed on their cell surface or recruiting inflammatory cells that repress immune surveillance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data suggest that two classes of antigens show efficacy for the development of anticancer vaccines: tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens. In addition, many different vaccines derived from antigens based on cellular, peptide/protein, and genomic components are in development to establish their efficacy in cancer therapy. Some vaccines have shown promising results, which may lead to favorable outcomes when combined with standard therapeutic approaches. This review provides an overview of the innate and adaptive immune systems, their interactions with cancer cells, and the development of various different vaccines for use in anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene Le
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jessica Chacon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (I.L.); (S.D.); (J.C.)
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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32
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Teixeira AR, Pérez-Cabezas B, Costa DM, Sá M, Golba S, Sefiane-Djemaoune H, Ribeiro J, Kaneko I, Iwanaga S, Yuda M, Tsuji M, Boscardin SB, Amino R, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Tavares J. Immunization with CSP and a RIG-I Agonist is Effective in Inducing a Functional and Protective Humoral Response Against Plasmodium. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868305. [PMID: 35669785 PMCID: PMC9163323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health concern, as a highly effective human vaccine remains elusive. The efficacy of a subunit vaccine targeting the most abundant protein of the sporozoite surface, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been hindered by difficulties in generating an effective humoral response in both quantity and quality. Using the rodent Plasmodium yoelii model we report here that immunization with CSP adjuvanted with 5’ppp-dsRNA, a RIG-I agonist, confers early and long-lasting sterile protection in mice against stringent sporozoite and mosquito bite challenges. The immunization induced high levels of antibodies, which were functional in targeting and killing the sporozoites and were sustained over time through the accumulation of long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. Moreover, 5’ppp-dsRNA-adjuvanted immunization with the CSP of P. falciparum was also significantly protective against challenges using a transgenic PfCSP-expressing P. yoelii parasite. Conversely, using the TLR3 agonist poly(A:U) as adjuvant resulted in a formulation that despite inducing high antibody levels was unable to generate equally functional antibodies and was, consequently, less protective. In conclusion, we demonstrate that using 5’ppp-dsRNA as an adjuvant to vaccines targeting CSP induces effective anti-Plasmodium humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rafaela Teixeira
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Begoña Pérez-Cabezas
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M. Costa
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sá
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sylvain Golba
- Center for Production and Infection of Anopheles, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Joana Ribeiro
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Izumi Kaneko
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Shiroh Iwanaga
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Yuda
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silvia Beatriz Boscardin
- Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii)-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Amino
- Unit of Malaria Infection and Immunity, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Tavares
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Joana Tavares,
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Ramos RN, Tosch C, Kotsias F, Claudepierre MC, Schmitt D, Remy-Ziller C, Hoffmann C, Ricordel M, Nourtier V, Farine I, Laruelle L, Hortelano J, Spring-Giusti C, Sedlik C, Le Tourneau C, Hoffmann C, Silvestre N, Erbs P, Bendjama K, Thioudellet C, Quemeneur E, Piaggio E, Rittner K. Pseudocowpox virus, a novel vector to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1392. [PMID: 35573979 PMCID: PMC9081486 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Antitumor viral vaccines, and more particularly poxviral vaccines, represent an active field for clinical development and translational research. To improve the efficacy and treatment outcome, new viral vectors are sought, with emphasis on their abilities to stimulate innate immunity, to display tumor antigens and to induce a specific T‐cell response. Methods We screened for a new poxviral backbone with improved innate and adaptive immune stimulation using IFN‐α secretion levels in infected PBMC cultures as selection criteria. Assessment of virus effectiveness was made in vitro and in vivo. Results The bovine pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) stood out among several poxviruses for its ability to induce significant secretion of IFN‐α. PCPV produced efficient activation of human monocytes and dendritic cells, degranulation of NK cells and reversed MDSC‐induced T‐cell suppression, without being offensive to activated T cells. A PCPV‐based vaccine, encoding the HPV16 E7 protein (PCPV‐E7), stimulated strong antigen‐specific T‐cell responses in TC1 tumor‐bearing mice. Complete regression of tumors was obtained in a CD8+ T‐cell‐dependent manner after intratumoral injection of PCPV‐E7, followed by intravenous injection of the cancer vaccine MVA‐E7. PCPV also proved active when injected repeatedly intratumorally in MC38 tumor‐bearing mice, generating tumor‐specific T‐cell responses without encoding a specific MC38 antigen. From a translational perspective, we demonstrated that PCPV‐E7 effectively stimulated IFN‐γ production by T cells from tumor‐draining lymph nodes of HPV+‐infected cancer patients. Conclusion We propose PCPV as a viral vector suitable for vaccination in the field of personalised cancer vaccines, in particular for heterologous prime‐boost regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Nalio Ramos
- Institut Curie INSERM U932, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie CICBT 1428 PSL Research University Paris France.,Present address: Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Patogênese e Terapia dirigida em Onco-Imuno-Hematologia Hospital das Clínicas Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP) São Paulo Brazil.,Present address: Instituto D'Or de Ensino e Pesquisa São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Fiorella Kotsias
- Institut Curie INSERM U932, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie CICBT 1428 PSL Research University Paris France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christine Sedlik
- Institut Curie INSERM U932, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie CICBT 1428 PSL Research University Paris France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i) Institut Curie Paris and Saint-Cloud France
| | - Caroline Hoffmann
- Institut Curie INSERM U932, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie CICBT 1428 PSL Research University Paris France.,Department of Surgical Oncology Institut Curie PSL Research University Paris France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliane Piaggio
- Institut Curie INSERM U932, and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biotherapie CICBT 1428 PSL Research University Paris France
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Nwagwu CS, Ugwu CN, Ogbonna JDN, Onugwu AL, Agbo CP, Echezona AC, Ezeibe EN, Uzondu S, Kenechukwu FC, Akpa PA, Momoh MA, Nnamani PO, Tarirai C, Ofokansi KC, Attama AA. Recent and advanced nano-technological strategies for COVID-19 vaccine development. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 50:151-188. [PMID: 38620863 PMCID: PMC9015106 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 has been one of the greatest challenges modern medicine and science has ever faced. It has affected millions of people around the world and altered human life and activities as we once knew. The high prevalence as well as an extended period of incubations which usually does not present with symptoms have played a formidable role in the transmission and infection of millions. A lot of research has been carried out on developing suitable treatment and effective preventive measures for the control of the pandemic. Preventive strategies which include social distancing, use of masks, washing of hands, and contact tracing have been effective in slowing the spread of the virus; however, the infectious nature of the SARS-COV-2 has made these strategies unable to eradicate its spread. In addition, the continuous increase in the number of cases and death, as well as the appearance of several variants of the virus, has necessitated the development of effective and safe vaccines in a bid to ensure that human activities can return to normalcy. Nanotechnology has been of great benefit in the design of vaccines as nano-sized materials have been known to aid the safe and effective delivery of antigens as well as serve as suitable adjuvants to potentiate responses to vaccines. There are only four vaccine candidates currently approved for use in humans while many other candidates are at various levels of development. This review seeks to provide updated information on the current nano-technological strategies employed in the development of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinekwu Sherridan Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinenye Nnenna Ugwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria
| | - John Dike Nwabueze Ogbonna
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Linda Onugwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom Precious Agbo
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Chidiebere Echezona
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Uzondu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Frankline Chimaobi Kenechukwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Paul Achile Akpa
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mumuni Audu Momoh
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Petra Obioma Nnamani
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Clemence Tarirai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kenneth Chibuzor Ofokansi
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Amaechi Attama
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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35
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Power JR, Keyt LK, Adler ED. Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination: incidence, mechanisms, and clinical considerations. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:241-251. [PMID: 35414326 PMCID: PMC9115793 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2066522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines have demonstrated protection against the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, but concerns regarding the rare side effect of acute myocarditis have stymied immunization efforts. This review aims to describe the incidence and theorized mechanisms of COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis and review relevant principles for management of vaccine-associated myocarditis. AREAS COVERED Epidemiologic studies of myocarditis after COVID vaccination are reviewed, which show an incidence of approximately 20-30 per million patients. The vast majority of these cases are seen with mRNA vaccines especially in male patients under 30 years of age. Mechanisms are largely theoretical, but molecular mimicry and dysregulated innate immune reactions have been proposed. While studies suggest that this subtype of myocarditis is mild and self-limited, long-term evidence is lacking. Principles of myocarditis treatment and surveillance are outlined as they apply to COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis. EXPERT OPINION COVID vaccine-associated myocarditis is rare but well described in certain at-risk groups. Better understanding of its pathogenesis is key to mitigating this complication and advancing vaccination efforts. Risk-benefit analyses demonstrate that individual- and population-level benefits of vaccination exceed the risks of this rare and mild form of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Power
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Lucas K. Keyt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Eric D. Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
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Ozdilek A, Avci FY. Glycosylation as a key parameter in the design of nucleic acid vaccines. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 73:102348. [PMID: 35255387 PMCID: PMC8957583 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immunity is expected to target the native antigens expressed by the pathogens. Therefore, it is highly important to generate vaccine antigens that are immunologically indistinguishable from the native antigens. Nucleic acid vaccines, comprised of DNA, mRNA, or recombinant viral vector vaccines, introduce the genetic material encoding the antigenic protein for the host to express. Because these proteins will undergo host posttranslational modifications, host glycosylation can potentially alter the structure and immunological efficacy of the antigen. In this review, we discuss the potential impact of host protein glycosylation on the immune responses generated by nucleic acid vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Ozdilek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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Ravilov RK, Rizvanov AA, Mingaleev DN, Galeeva AG, Zakirova EY, Shuralev EA, Rutland CS, Khammadov NI, Efimova MA. Viral Vector Vaccines Against ASF: Problems and Prospectives. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:830244. [PMID: 35359666 PMCID: PMC8963494 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.830244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs, with mortality rates a primary focus as they can reach up to 100%. The widespread and colossal economic losses from ASF have impacts on the development of animal husbandry practices in most countries within Africa, Asia, and Europe. Currently, a variety of approaches toward the development of vaccines against ASF are being employed. A promising new concept centered around more economical and time-consuming vaccine production is based on the use of viral vectors to deliver selected immunogens. This review discusses the results obtained from testing various viral vectors as carriers of targeted ASF virus genes. The safety and prospects of viral vectors, the possibilities around modulating cellular and humoral immune responses by choosing genes expressing immunodominant antigens, and the degree of protection in experimental animals from infection with a lethal dose of virulent ASF virus strains have been shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Kh. Ravilov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Danil N. Mingaleev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
| | - Antonina G. Galeeva
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Antonina G. Galeeva
| | - Elena Yu. Zakirova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Eduard A. Shuralev
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nail I. Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina A. Efimova
- Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after N. E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Kazan, Russia
- Kazan State Medical Academy, Kazan, Russia
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38
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Chang A, Yu J. Fighting Fire with Fire: Immunogenicity of Viral Vectored Vaccines against COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:380. [PMID: 35215973 PMCID: PMC8874888 DOI: 10.3390/v14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistent expansion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) requires the rapid development of safe and effective countermeasures to reduce transmission, morbidity, and mortality. Several highly efficacious vaccines are actively being deployed around the globe to expedite mass vaccination and control of COVID-19. Notably, viral vectored vaccines (VVVs) are among the first to be approved for global distribution and use. In this review, we examine the humoral, cellular, and innate immune responses elicited by viral vectors, and the immune correlates of protection against COVID-19 in preclinical and clinical studies. We also discuss the durability and breadth of immune response induced by VVVs and boosters. Finally, we present challenges associated with VVVs and offer solutions for overcoming certain limitations of current vaccine regimens. Collectively, this review provides the rationale for expanding the portfolio of VVVs against SARS-CoV-2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunity, Innate
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Vaccination
- Viral Vaccines/classification
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiquan Chang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sharma S, Dallmeier K. Use of Optical In Vivo Imaging to Monitor and Optimize Delivery of Novel Plasmid-Launched Live-Attenuated Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2412:283-294. [PMID: 34918251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid-launched live-attenuated vaccines (PLLAV) are a modality of next-generation vaccines with the promise to combine the benefits of both (1) the potency of live vaccines and (2) the ease of production, quality control, and thermal stability of classical DNA vaccines. Using the live yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine as paradigm, we establish a bioluminescence-based in vivo imaging approach that allows to rapidly monitor and optimize the dose and route of delivery of such PLLAV in a mouse model of YF17D immunization. Vaccine virus replication thus launched in the skin of vaccinated mice can be quantified by the light emitted, benchmarked to signals originating from a YF17D reporter virus and finally correlated to the induction of humoral immune responses to the yellow fever virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sharma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Oreshkova N, Myeni SK, Mishra N, Albulescu IC, Dalebout TJ, Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dallmeier K, Kikkert M. A Yellow Fever 17D Virus Replicon-Based Vaccine Platform for Emerging Coronaviruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1492. [PMID: 34960238 PMCID: PMC8704410 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The tremendous global impact of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as other current and recent outbreaks of (re)emerging viruses, emphasize the need for fast-track development of effective vaccines. Yellow fever virus 17D (YF17D) is a live-attenuated virus vaccine with an impressive efficacy record in humans, and therefore, it is a very attractive platform for the development of novel chimeric vaccines against various pathogens. In the present study, we generated a YF17D-based replicon vaccine platform by replacing the prM and E surface proteins of YF17D with antigenic subdomains from the spike (S) proteins of three different betacoronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and MHV. The prM and E proteins were provided in trans for the packaging of these RNA replicons into single-round infectious particles capable of expressing coronavirus antigens in infected cells. YF17D replicon particles expressing the S1 regions of the MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike proteins were immunogenic in mice and elicited (neutralizing) antibody responses against both the YF17D vector and the coronavirus inserts. Thus, YF17D replicon-based vaccines, and their potential DNA- or mRNA-based derivatives, may constitute a promising and particularly safe vaccine platform for current and future emerging coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Oreshkova
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Niraj Mishra
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Irina C. Albulescu
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Tim J. Dalebout
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Eric J. Snijder
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Peter J. Bredenbeek
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 1043, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (N.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Center of Infectious Diseases LU-CID, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (N.O.); (S.K.M.); (I.C.A.); (T.J.D.); (E.J.S.); (P.J.B.)
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Sterilizing Immunity against COVID-19: Developing Helper T cells I and II activating vaccines is imperative. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112282. [PMID: 34624675 PMCID: PMC8486642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Six months after the publication of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequence, a record number of vaccine candidates were listed, and quite a number of them have since been approved for emergency use against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This unprecedented pharmaceutical feat did not only show commitment, creativity and collaboration of the scientific community, but also provided a swift solution that prevented global healthcare system breakdown. Notwithstanding, the available data show that most of the approved COVID-19 vaccines protect only a proportion of recipients against severe disease but do not prevent clinical manifestation of COVID-19. There is therefore the need to probe further to establish whether these vaccines can induce sterilizing immunity, otherwise, COVID-19 vaccination would have to become a regular phenomenon. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants could further affect the capability of the available COVID-19 vaccines to prevent infection and protect recipients from a severe form of the disease. These notwithstanding, data about which vaccine(s), if any, can confer sterilizing immunity are unavailable. Here, we discuss the immune responses to viral infection with emphasis on COVID-19, and the specific adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and how it can be harnessed to develop COVID-19 vaccines capable of conferring sterilizing immunity. We further propose factors that could be considered in the development of COVID-19 vaccines capable of stimulating sterilizing immunity. Also, an old, but effective vaccine development technology that can be applied in the development of COVID-19 vaccines with sterilizing immunity potential is reviewed.
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Ma J, Boudewijns R, Sanchez-Felipe L, Mishra N, Vercruysse T, Buh Kum D, Thibaut HJ, Neyts J, Dallmeier K. Comparing immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the yellow fever 17D vaccine in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2279-2290. [PMID: 34792431 PMCID: PMC8648041 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2008772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The live-attenuated yellow fever 17D (YF17D) vaccine is one of the most efficacious human vaccines and also employed as a vector for novel vaccines. However, in the lack of appropriate immunocompetent small animal models, mechanistic insight in YF17D-induced protective immunity remains limited. To better understand YF17D vaccination and to identify a suitable mouse model, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of YF17D in five complementary mouse models, i.e. wild-type (WT) BALB/c, C57BL/6, IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR-/-) deficient mice, and in WT mice in which type I IFN signalling was temporally ablated by an IFNAR blocking (MAR-1) antibody. Alike in IFNAR-/- mice, YF17D induced in either WT mice strong humoral immune responses dominated by IgG2a/c isotype (Th1 type) antibodies, yet only when IFNAR was blocked. Vigorous cellular immunity characterized by CD4+ T-cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α were mounted in MAR-1 treated C57BL/6 and in IFNAR-/- mice. Surprisingly, vaccine-induced protection was largely mouse model dependent. Full protection against lethal intracranial challenge and a massive reduction of virus loads was conferred already by a minimal dose of 2 PFU YF17D in BALB/c and IFNAR-/- mice, but not in C57BL/6 mice. Correlation analysis of infection outcome with pre-challenge immunological markers indicates that YFV-specific IgG might suffice for protection, even in the absence of detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we propose that, in addition to IFNAR-/- mice, C57BL/6 mice with temporally blocked IFN-α/β receptors represent a promising immunocompetent mouse model for the study of YF17D-induced immunity and evaluation of YF17D-derived vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robbert Boudewijns
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorena Sanchez-Felipe
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niraj Mishra
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vercruysse
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieudonné Buh Kum
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Jan Thibaut
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Translational Platform Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology, Molecular Vaccinology and Vaccine Discovery, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Insights into COVID-19 Vaccine Development Based on Immunogenic Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, Host Immune Responses, and Herd Immunity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112949. [PMID: 34831172 PMCID: PMC8616290 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The first quarter of the 21st century has remarkably been characterized by a multitude of challenges confronting human society as a whole in terms of several outbreaks of infectious viral diseases, such as the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), China; the 2009 influenza H1N1, Mexico; the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Saudi Arabia; and the ongoing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), China. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, reportedly broke out in December 2019, Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province, and continues unabated, leading to considerable devastation and death worldwide. The most common target organ of SARS-CoV-2 is the lungs, especially the bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, culminating in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe patients. Nevertheless, other tissues and organs are also known to be critically affected following infection, thereby complicating the overall aetiology and prognosis. Excluding H1N1, the SARS-CoV (also referred as SARS-CoV-1), MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 are collectively referred to as coronaviruses, and taxonomically placed under the realm Riboviria, order Nidovirales, suborder Cornidovirineae, family Coronaviridae, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, genus Betacoronavirus, and subgenus Sarbecovirus. As of 23 September 2021, the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has globally resulted in around 229 million and 4.7 million reported infections and deaths, respectively, apart from causing huge psychosomatic debilitation, academic loss, and deep economic recession. Such an unprecedented pandemic has compelled researchers, especially epidemiologists and immunologists, to search for SARS-CoV-2-associated potential immunogenic molecules to develop a vaccine as an immediate prophylactic measure. Amongst multiple structural and non-structural proteins, the homotrimeric spike (S) glycoprotein has been empirically found as the most suitable candidate for vaccine development owing to its immense immunogenic potential, which makes it capable of eliciting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. As a consequence, it has become possible to design appropriate, safe, and effective vaccines, apart from related therapeutic agents, to reduce both morbidity and mortality. As of 23 September 2021, four vaccines, namely, Comirnaty, COVID-19 vaccine Janssen, Spikevax, and Vaxzevria, have received the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) approval, and around thirty are under the phase three clinical trial with emergency authorization by the vaccine-developing country-specific National Regulatory Authority (NRA). In addition, 100–150 vaccines are under various phases of pre-clinical and clinical trials. The mainstay of global vaccination is to introduce herd immunity, which would protect the majority of the population, including immunocompromised individuals, from infection and disease. Here, we primarily discuss category-wise vaccine development, their respective advantages and disadvantages, associated efficiency and potential safety aspects, antigenicity of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins and immune responses to them along with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 VOC, and the urgent need of achieving herd immunity to contain the pandemic.
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Zhong C, Liu F, Hajnik RJ, Yao L, Chen K, Wang M, Liang Y, Sun J, Soong L, Hou W, Hu H. Type I Interferon Promotes Humoral Immunity in Viral Vector Vaccination. J Virol 2021; 95:e0092521. [PMID: 34495698 PMCID: PMC8549508 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00925-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant viral vectors represent an important platform for vaccine delivery. Our recent studies have demonstrated distinct innate immune profiles in responding to viral vectors of different families (e.g., adenovirus versus poxvirus): while human Ad5 vector is minimally innate immune stimulatory, the poxviral vector ALVAC induces strong innate response and stimulates type I interferon (IFN) and inflammasome activation. However, the impact of the innate immune signaling on vaccine-induced adaptive immunity in viral vector vaccination is less clear. Here, we show that Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), another poxviral vector, stimulated a type I IFN response in innate immune cells through cGAS-STING. Using MVA-HIV vaccine as a model, we found that type I IFN signaling promoted the generation of humoral immunity in MVA-HIV vaccination in vivo. Following vaccination, type I IFN receptor-knockout (IFNAR1-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of total and HIV gp120-specific antibodies compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Consistent with the antibody response, a type I IFN signaling deficiency also led to reduced levels of plasma cells and memory-like B cells compared to WT mice. Furthermore, analysis of vaccine-induced CD4 T cells showed that type I IFN signaling also promoted the generation of a vaccine-specific CD4 T-cell response and a T follicular helper (Tfh) response in mice. Together, our data indicate a role for type I IFN signaling in promoting humoral immunity in poxviral vector vaccination. The study suggests that modulating type I IFN and its associated innate immune pathways will likely affect vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Viral vectors, including MVA, are an important antigen delivery platform and have been commonly used in vaccine development. Understanding the innate host-viral vector interactions and their impact on vaccine-induced immunity is critical but understudied. Using MVA-HIV vaccination of WT and IFNAR1-/- mice as a model, we report that type I IFN signaling promotes humoral immunity in MVA vaccination, including vaccine-induced antibody, B-cell, and Tfh responses. Our findings provide insights that not only add to our basic understanding of host-viral vector interactions but also will aid in improving vaccine design by potentially modulating type I IFN and its associated innate immune pathways in viral vector vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Fengliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Renee J. Hajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kangjing Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meirong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Cai B, Gong Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen W. Microneedle arrays integrated with living organisms for smart biomedical applications. Theranostics 2021; 11:10012-10029. [PMID: 34815801 PMCID: PMC8581439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.66478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various living organisms have proven to influence human health significantly, either in a commensal or pathogenic manner. Harnessing the creatures may remarkably improve human healthcare and cure the intractable illness that is challenged using traditional drugs or surgical approaches. However, issues including limited biocompatibility, poor biosafety, inconvenience for personal handling, and low patient compliance greatly hinder the biomedical and clinical applications of living organisms when adopting them for disease treatment. Microneedle arrays (MNAs), emerging as a promising candidate of biomedical devices with the functional diversity and minimal invasion, have exhibited great potential in the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, which is expected to improve organism-based therapies. In this review, we systemically summarize the technologies employed for the integration of MNAs with specific living organisms including diverse viruses, bacteria, mammal cells and so on. Moreover, their applications such as vaccination, anti-infection, tumor therapy and tissue repairing are well illustrated. Challenges faced by current strategies, and the perspectives of integrating more living organisms, adopting smarter materials, and developing more advanced technologies in MNAs for future personalized and point-of-care medicine, are also discussed. It is believed that the combination of living organisms with functional MNAs would hold great promise in the near future due to the advantages of both biological and artificial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yusheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Alotaibi BS, Buabeid M, Ibrahim NA, Kharaba ZJ, Ijaz M, Murtaza G. Recent strategies driving oral biologic administration. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1587-1601. [PMID: 34612121 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1990044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High patient compliance, noninvasiveness, and self-administration are the leading features of vaccine delivery through the oral route. The implementation of swift mass vaccination campaigns in pandemic outbreaks fascinates the use of oral vaccination. This approach can elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against infection at the surface of the mucosa. AREA COVERED As pathogen entry and spread mainly occurs through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) mucosal surfaces, oral vaccination may protect and limit disease spread. Oral vaccines target various potential mucosal inductive sites in the GIT, such as the oral cavity, gastric area, and small intestine. Orally delivered vaccines having subunit and nucleic acid pass through various GIT-associated risks, such as the biodegradation of biologics and their reduced absorption. This article presents a summarized review of the existing technologies and prospects for oral vaccination. EXPERT OPINION The intestinal mucosa focuses on current approaches, while future strategies target new mucosal sites, i.e. oral cavity and stomach. Recent developments in biologic delivery through the oral route and their potential use in future oral vaccination are mainly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah Shadid Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nihal Abdalla Ibrahim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, UAE.,Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research Centre, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zelal Jaber Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Ye T, Li F, Ma G, Wei W. Enhancing therapeutic performance of personalized cancer vaccine via delivery vectors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113927. [PMID: 34403752 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, personalized cancer vaccines have gained increasing attention as emerging immunotherapies with the capability to overcome interindividual differences and show great benefits for individual patients in the clinic due to the highly tailored vaccine formulations. A large number of materials have been studied as delivery vectors to enhance the therapeutic performance of personalized cancer vaccines, including artificial materials, engineered microorganisms, cells and cell derivatives. These delivery vectors with distinct features are employed to change antigen biodistributions and to facilitate antigen uptake, processing and presentation, improving the strength, velocity, and duration of the immune response when delivered by different strategies. Here, we provide an overview of personalized cancer vaccine delivery vectors, describing their materials, physicochemical properties, delivery strategies and challenges for clinical transformation.
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48
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Christopoulos PF. The future of tumor vaccines in the post-COVID-19 era-Current challenges. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:1795-1797. [PMID: 34473900 PMCID: PMC8589397 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis F Christopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Section of Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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49
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Boudewijns R, Ma J, Neyts J, Dallmeier K. A novel therapeutic HBV vaccine candidate induces strong polyfunctional cytotoxic T cell responses in mice. JHEP Rep 2021; 3:100295. [PMID: 34159304 PMCID: PMC8203848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Current standard-of-care suppresses HBV replication, but does not lead to a functional cure. Treatment aiming to cure chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is believed to require the induction of strong cellular immune responses, such as by therapeutic vaccination. METHODS We designed a therapeutic HBV vaccine candidate (YF17D/HBc-C) using yellow fever vaccine YF17D as a live-attenuated vector to express HBV core antigen (HBc). Its ability to induce potent cellular immune responses was assessed in a mouse model that supports flavivirus replication. RESULTS Following a HBc protein prime, a booster of YF17D/HBc-C was found to induce vigorous cytotoxic T cell responses. In a direct head-to-head comparison, these HBc-specific responses exceeded those elicited by adenovirus-vectored HBc. Target-specific T cells were not only more abundant, but also showed a higher degree of polyfunctionality, with HBc-specific CD8+ T cells producing interferon γ and tumour necrosis factor α in addition to granzyme B. This immune phenotype translated into a superior cytotoxic effector activity toward HBc-positive cells in YF17D/HBc-C vaccinated animals in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here show the potential of YF17D/HBc-C as a vaccine candidate to treat CHB, and warrant follow-up studies in preclinical animal models of HBV persistence in which other candidate vaccines have been unable to achieve a sustained virologic response. LAY SUMMARY Resolution of CHB requires the induction of strong cellular immune responses. We used the yellow fever vaccine as a vector for HBV antigens and show that it is capable of inducing high levels of HBV-specific T cells that produce multiple cytokines simultaneously and are cytotoxic in vivo.
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Key Words
- CAR-T, chimeric antigen receptor T cells
- CFSE, carboxy-fluorescein succinimidyl ester
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte
- Chronic hepatitis B
- DCs, dendritic cells
- ELISPOT, enzyme-linked ImmunoSpot
- GzmB, granzyme B
- HBV
- HBc, HBV core antigen
- HBp, HBV polymerase antigen
- HBs, HBV surface antigen
- ICS, intracellular cytokine staining
- IFNγ, interferon γ
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NanoLuc, nanoluciferase
- STAT2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 2
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α
- Therapeutic vaccination
- YF, yellow fever
- Yellow fever vaccine
- aa, amino acids
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- ifnar, IFN-α/β receptor
- pfu, plaque-forming units
- rHBc, recombinant HBc
- t-SNE, t-stochastic neighbour embedding
- wt, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Boudewijns
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji Ma
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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Kim E, Weisel FJ, Balmert SC, Khan MS, Huang S, Erdos G, Kenniston TW, Carey CD, Joachim SM, Conter LJ, Weisel NM, Okba NMA, Haagmans BL, Percivalle E, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Korkmaz E, Shlomchik MJ, Falo LD, Gambotto A. A single subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1774-1784. [PMID: 33772778 PMCID: PMC8250272 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optimal vaccines are needed for sustained suppression of SARS-CoV-2 and other novel coronaviruses. Here, we developed a recombinant type 5 adenovirus vector encoding the gene for the SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen (Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1) for COVID-19 immunization and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice. A single immunization with Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1 via S.C. injection or I.N delivery induced robust antibody and cellular immune responses. Vaccination elicited significant S1-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a endpoint titers as early as 2 weeks, and the induced antibodies were long lasting. I.N. and S.C. administration of Ad5.SARS-CoV-2-S1 produced S1-specific GC B cells in cervical and axillary LNs, respectively. Moreover, I.N. and S.C. immunization evoked significantly greater antigen-specific T-cell responses compared to unimmunized control groups with indications that S.C. injection was more effective than I.N. delivery in eliciting cellular immune responses. Mice vaccinated by either route demonstrated significantly increased virus-specific neutralization antibodies on weeks 8 and 12 compared to control groups, as well as BM antibody forming cells (AFC), indicative of long-term immunity. Thus, this Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate showed promising immunogenicity following delivery to mice by S.C. and I.N. routes of administration, supporting the further development of Ad-based vaccines against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases for sustainable global immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kim
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Florian J. Weisel
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Muhammad S. Khan
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public HealthPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Kenniston
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stephen M. Joachim
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Laura J. Conter
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nadine M. Weisel
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nisreen M. A. Okba
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of ViroscienceErasmus Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elena Percivalle
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology UnitMicrobiology and Virology DepartmentIRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
- Department of ClinicalSurgicalDiagnostic and Pediatric SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Mark J. Shlomchik
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Pittsburgh Swanson School of EngineeringPittsburghPAUSA
- Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and MicrobiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public HealthPittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseaseUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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