1
|
Klasse PJ, Moore JP. Reappraising the Value of HIV-1 Vaccine Correlates of Protection Analyses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0003422. [PMID: 35384694 PMCID: PMC9044961 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00034-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the much-debated exception of the modestly reduced acquisition reported for the RV144 efficacy trial, HIV-1 vaccines have not protected humans against infection, and a vaccine of similar design to that tested in RV144 was not protective in a later trial, HVTN 702. Similar vaccine regimens have also not consistently protected nonhuman primates (NHPs) against viral acquisition. Conversely, experimental vaccines of different designs have protected macaques from viral challenges but then failed to protect humans, while many other HIV-1 vaccine candidates have not protected NHPs. While efficacy varies more in NHPs than humans, vaccines have failed to protect in the most stringent NHP model. Intense investigations have aimed to identify correlates of protection (CoPs), even in the absence of net protection. Unvaccinated animals and humans vary vastly in their susceptibility to infection and in their innate and adaptive responses to the vaccines; hence, merely statistical associations with factors that do not protect are easily found. Systems biological analyses, including artificial intelligence, have identified numerous candidate CoPs but with no clear consistency within or between species. Proposed CoPs sometimes have only tenuous mechanistic connections to immune protection. In contrast, neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are a central mechanistic CoP for vaccines that succeed against other viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. No HIV-1 vaccine candidate has yet elicited potent and broadly active NAbs in NHPs or humans, but narrow-specificity NAbs against the HIV-1 isolate corresponding to the immunogen do protect against infection by the autologous virus. Here, we analyze why so many HIV-1 vaccines have failed, summarize the outcomes of vaccination in NHPs and humans, and discuss the value and pitfalls of hunting for CoPs other than NAbs. We contrast the failure to find a consistent CoP for HIV-1 vaccines with the identification of NAbs as the principal CoP for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Klasse
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Buchbinder SP, McElrath MJ, Dieffenbach C, Corey L. COVID-19 vaccination and HIV-1 acquisition - Authors' reply. Lancet 2022; 399:e36. [PMID: 35397867 PMCID: PMC8989399 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan P Buchbinder
- Bridge HIV, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carl Dieffenbach
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong C, Liu F, Hajnik RJ, Yao L, Chen K, Wang M, Liang Y, Sun J, Soong L, Hou W, Hu H. Type I Interferon Promotes Humoral Immunity in Viral Vector Vaccination. J Virol 2021; 95:e0092521. [PMID: 34495698 PMCID: PMC8549508 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00925-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant viral vectors represent an important platform for vaccine delivery. Our recent studies have demonstrated distinct innate immune profiles in responding to viral vectors of different families (e.g., adenovirus versus poxvirus): while human Ad5 vector is minimally innate immune stimulatory, the poxviral vector ALVAC induces strong innate response and stimulates type I interferon (IFN) and inflammasome activation. However, the impact of the innate immune signaling on vaccine-induced adaptive immunity in viral vector vaccination is less clear. Here, we show that Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA), another poxviral vector, stimulated a type I IFN response in innate immune cells through cGAS-STING. Using MVA-HIV vaccine as a model, we found that type I IFN signaling promoted the generation of humoral immunity in MVA-HIV vaccination in vivo. Following vaccination, type I IFN receptor-knockout (IFNAR1-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of total and HIV gp120-specific antibodies compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Consistent with the antibody response, a type I IFN signaling deficiency also led to reduced levels of plasma cells and memory-like B cells compared to WT mice. Furthermore, analysis of vaccine-induced CD4 T cells showed that type I IFN signaling also promoted the generation of a vaccine-specific CD4 T-cell response and a T follicular helper (Tfh) response in mice. Together, our data indicate a role for type I IFN signaling in promoting humoral immunity in poxviral vector vaccination. The study suggests that modulating type I IFN and its associated innate immune pathways will likely affect vaccine efficacy. IMPORTANCE Viral vectors, including MVA, are an important antigen delivery platform and have been commonly used in vaccine development. Understanding the innate host-viral vector interactions and their impact on vaccine-induced immunity is critical but understudied. Using MVA-HIV vaccination of WT and IFNAR1-/- mice as a model, we report that type I IFN signaling promotes humoral immunity in MVA vaccination, including vaccine-induced antibody, B-cell, and Tfh responses. Our findings provide insights that not only add to our basic understanding of host-viral vector interactions but also will aid in improving vaccine design by potentially modulating type I IFN and its associated innate immune pathways in viral vector vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Zhong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Fengliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Renee J. Hajnik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kangjing Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meirong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuejin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lentiviral vectors have emerged as powerful vectors for vaccination, due to their high efficiency to transduce dendritic cells and to induce long-lasting humoral immunity, CD8+ T cells, and effective protection in numerous preclinical animal models of infection and oncology. AREAS COVERED Here, we reviewed the literature, highlighting the relevance of lentiviral vectors in vaccinology. We recapitulated both their virological and immunological aspects of lentiviral vectors. We compared lentiviral vectors to the gold standard viral vaccine vectors, i.e. adenoviral vectors, and updated the latest results in lentiviral vector-based vaccination in preclinical models. EXPERT OPINION Lentiviral vectors are non-replicative, negligibly inflammatory, and not targets of preexisting immunity in human populations. These are major characteristics to consider in vaccine development. The potential of lentiviral vectors to transduce non-dividing cells, including dendritic cells, is determinant in their strong immunogenicity. Notably, lentiviral vectors can be engineered to target antigen expression to specific host cells. The very weak inflammatory properties of these vectors allow their use in mucosal vaccination, with particular interest in infectious diseases that affect the lungs or brain, including COVID-19. Recent results in various preclinical models have reinforced the interest of these vectors in prophylaxis against infectious diseases and in onco-immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Wen Ku
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Charneau
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur-TheraVectys Joint Lab, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng F, Hao H, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li R, Wen Z, Wu C, Li M, Li P, Chen L, Tang R, Wang X, Sun C. Shell-mediated phagocytosis to reshape viral-vectored vaccine-induced immunity. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121062. [PMID: 34418816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) has been extensively developed as a gene delivery vector, but the potential side effect caused by systematic immunization remains one major obstacle for its clinical application. Needle-free mucosal immunization with Ad-based vaccine shows advantages but still faces poor mucosal responses. We herein report that the chemical engineering of single live viral-based vaccine effectively modulated the location and pattern of the subsequently elicited immunity. Through precisely assembly of functional materials onto single live Ad particle, the modified virus entered host cell in a phagocytosis-dependent manner, which is completely distinct from the receptor-mediated entry of native Ad. RNA-Seq data further demonstrated that the modified Ad-induced innate immunity was sharply reshaped via phagocytosis-related pathway, therefore promoting the activation and mature of antigen presentation cells (APC). Moreover, the functional shell enabled the modified Ad-based vector with enhanced muco-adhesion to nasal tissues in mice, and then prolonged resident time onto mucosal surface, leading to the robust mucosal IgA production and T cell immunity at local and even remote mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. This study demonstrated that vaccine-induced immunity can be well modulated by chemistry engineering, and this method provides the rational design for needle-free mucosa-targeting vaccine against a variety of emerging infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Feng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Ziyu Wen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China.
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518107, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 518107, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 514400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barrenäs F, Hansen SG, Law L, Driscoll C, Green RR, Smith E, Chang J, Golez I, Urion T, Peng X, Whitmore L, Newhouse D, Hughes CM, Morrow D, Randall KT, Selseth AN, Ford JC, Gilbride RM, Randall BE, Ainslie E, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Fast R, Bosche WJ, Axthelm MK, Fukazawa Y, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK, Fourati S, Sekaly RP, Lifson JD, Komorowski J, Kosmider E, Shao D, Song W, Edlefsen PT, Picker LJ, Gale M. Interleukin-15 response signature predicts RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009278. [PMID: 34228762 PMCID: PMC8284654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge of rhesus macaques (RMs) vaccinated with strain 68-1 Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors expressing SIV proteins (RhCMV/SIV) results in a binary outcome: stringent control and subsequent clearance of highly pathogenic SIV in ~55% of vaccinated RMs with no protection in the remaining 45%. Although previous work indicates that unconventionally restricted, SIV-specific, effector-memory (EM)-biased CD8+ T cell responses are necessary for efficacy, the magnitude of these responses does not predict efficacy, and the basis of protection vs. non-protection in 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vector-vaccinated RMs has not been elucidated. Here, we report that 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vector administration strikingly alters the whole blood transcriptome of vaccinated RMs, with the sustained induction of specific immune-related pathways, including immune cell, toll-like receptor (TLR), inflammasome/cell death, and interleukin-15 (IL-15) signaling, significantly correlating with subsequent vaccine efficacy. Treatment of a separate RM cohort with IL-15 confirmed the central involvement of this cytokine in the protection signature, linking the major innate and adaptive immune gene expression networks that correlate with RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. This change-from-baseline IL-15 response signature was also demonstrated to significantly correlate with vaccine efficacy in an independent validation cohort of vaccinated and challenged RMs. The differential IL-15 gene set response to vaccination strongly correlated with the pre-vaccination activity of this pathway, with reduced baseline expression of IL-15 response genes significantly correlating with higher vaccine-induced induction of IL-15 signaling and subsequent vaccine protection, suggesting that a robust de novo vaccine-induced IL-15 signaling response is needed to program vaccine efficacy. Thus, the RhCMV/SIV vaccine imparts a coordinated and persistent induction of innate and adaptive immune pathways featuring IL-15, a known regulator of CD8+ T cell function, that support the ability of vaccine-elicited unconventionally restricted CD8+ T cells to mediate protection against SIV challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Scott G. Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lynn Law
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Connor Driscoll
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Green
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elise Smith
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jean Chang
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Inah Golez
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Taryn Urion
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leanne Whitmore
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel Newhouse
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colette M. Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kurt T. Randall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Andrea N. Selseth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Julia C. Ford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Roxanne M. Gilbride
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bryan E. Randall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Emily Ainslie
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kelli Oswald
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Shoemaker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Randy Fast
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William J. Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - George N. Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewelina Kosmider
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Danica Shao
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wenjun Song
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul T. Edlefsen
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Louis J. Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Velarde de la Cruz E, Wang L, Bose D, Gangadhara S, Wilson RL, Amara RR, Kozlowski PA, Aldovini A. Oral Vaccination Approaches for Anti-SHIV Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702705. [PMID: 34234789 PMCID: PMC8256843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We modified a Sabin Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) vector to permit secretion of the antigens of interest with the goal of improving anti-HIV Env humoral responses in a SHIV mucosal immunization composed of DNA and recombinant OPVs. We evaluated stimulation of systemic and mucosal cell-mediated and humoral immunity in Rhesus macaques by two regimens, both involving a prime with a SHIVBG505 DNA construct producing non-infectious particles formulated in lipid nanoparticles, administered in the oral cavity, and two different viral vector boostings, administered in the oral cavity and intestinally. Group 1 was boosted with rMVA-SHIVBG505, expressing SIV Gag/Pol and HIVBG505 Env. Group 2 was boosted with a SHIVBG505-OPV vaccine including a non-secreting SIVmac239CA-p6-OPV, expressing Gag CA, NC and p6 proteins, and a HIVBG505C1-V2-OPV, secreting the C1-V2 fragment of HIV EnvBG505, recognized by the broadly neutralizing antibody PG16. A time course analysis of anti-SHIV Gag and Env CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in PBMC and in lymph node, rectal, and vaginal MNC was carried out. Both regimens stimulated significant cell-mediated responses in all compartments, with SHIVBG505-OPV immunization stimulating more significant levels of responses than rMVA- SHIVBG505. Boolean analysis of these responses revealed predominantly monofunctional responses with multifunctional responses also present in all tissues. Stimulation of antibody responses was disappointing in both groups with negative anti-SHIV IgG in plasma, and IgA in salivary, rectal and vaginal secretions being restricted to a few animals. After repeated rectal challenge with SHIVBG505, two Group 1 animals remained uninfected at challenge termination. No significant differences were observed in post-infection viral loads between groups. After the acute phase decline, CD4+ T cell percentages returned to normal levels in vaccinated as well as control animals. However, when compared to controls, vaccinate groups had more significant preservation of PBMC and rectal MNC Th17/Treg ratios, considered the strongest surrogate marker of progression to AIDS. We conclude that the vaccine platforms used in this study are insufficient to stimulate significant humoral immunity at the tested doses and schedule but sufficient to stimulate significant mucosal and systemic cell-mediated immunity, impacting the preservation of key Th17 CD4+ T cells in blood and rectal mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Velarde de la Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deepanwita Bose
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sailaja Gangadhara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert L. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Rama R. Amara
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adenovirus-vectored vaccine containing multidimensionally conserved parts of the HIV proteome is immunogenic in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022496118. [PMID: 33514660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022496118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine that can protect against HIV infection does not exist. A major reason why a vaccine is not available is the high mutability of the virus, which enables it to evolve mutations that can evade human immune responses. This challenge is exacerbated by the ability of the virus to evolve compensatory mutations that can partially restore the fitness cost of immune-evading mutations. Based on the fitness landscapes of HIV proteins that account for the effects of coupled mutations, we designed a single long peptide immunogen comprising parts of the HIV proteome wherein mutations are likely to be deleterious regardless of the sequence of the rest of the viral protein. This immunogen was then stably expressed in adenovirus vectors that are currently in clinical development. Macaques immunized with these vaccine constructs exhibited T-cell responses that were comparable in magnitude to animals immunized with adenovirus vectors with whole HIV protein inserts. Moreover, the T-cell responses in immunized macaques strongly targeted regions contained in our immunogen. These results suggest that further studies aimed toward using our vaccine construct for HIV prophylaxis and cure are warranted.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ku MW, Authié P, Nevo F, Souque P, Bourgine M, Romano M, Charneau P, Majlessi L. Lentiviral vector induces high-quality memory T cells via dendritic cells transduction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:713. [PMID: 34112936 PMCID: PMC8192903 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a lentiviral vector harboring the human β2-microglobulin promoter, with predominant expression in immune cells and minimal proximal enhancers to improve vector safety. This lentiviral vector efficiently transduces major dendritic cell subsets in vivo. With a mycobacterial immunogen, we observed distinct functional signatures and memory phenotype in lentiviral vector- or Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-immunized mice, despite comparable antigen-specific CD8+ T cell magnitudes. Compared to Ad5, lentiviral vector immunization resulted in higher multifunctional and IL-2-producing CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, lentiviral vector immunization primed CD8+ T cells towards central memory phenotype, while Ad5 immunization favored effector memory phenotype. Studies using HIV antigens in outbred rats demonstrated additional clear-cut evidence for an immunogenic advantage of lentiviral vector over Ad5. Additionally, lentiviral vector provided enhance therapeutic anti-tumor protection than Ad5. In conclusion, coupling lentiviral vector with β2-microglobulin promoter represents a promising approach to produce long-lasting, high-quality cellular immunity for vaccinal purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen Ku
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ,Ecole Doctorale Frontières du Vivant (FdV), Paris, France
| | - Pierre Authié
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabien Nevo
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Souque
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Maryline Bourgine
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marta Romano
- grid.508031.fUnit In Vivo Models, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Charneau
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France ,grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Unité de Virologie Moléculaire et Vaccinologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laleh Majlessi
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Laboratoire Commun Pasteur-TheraVectys, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gebre MS, Brito LA, Tostanoski LH, Edwards DK, Carfi A, Barouch DH. Novel approaches for vaccine development. Cell 2021; 184:1589-1603. [PMID: 33740454 PMCID: PMC8049514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a number of examples where they have not been successful, such as for persistent infections, rapidly evolving pathogens with high sequence variability, complex viral antigens, and emerging pathogens. Novel technologies such as nucleic acid and viral vector vaccines offer the potential to revolutionize vaccine development as they are well-suited to address existing technology limitations. In this review, we discuss the current state of RNA vaccines, recombinant adenovirus vector-based vaccines, and advances from biomaterials and engineering that address these important public health challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makda S. Gebre
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- co-first authors
| | | | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- co-first authors
| | | | - Andrea Carfi
- Moderna, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mu Z, Haynes BF, Cain DW. HIV mRNA Vaccines-Progress and Future Paths. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:134. [PMID: 33562203 PMCID: PMC7915550 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic introduced the world to a new type of vaccine based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Instead of delivering antigenic proteins directly, an mRNA-based vaccine relies on the host's cells to manufacture protein immunogens which, in turn, are targets for antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses. mRNA-based vaccines have been the subject of research for over three decades as a platform to protect against or treat a variety of cancers, amyloidosis and infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss mRNA-based approaches for the generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to HIV. We examine the special immunological hurdles for a vaccine to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T cell responses to HIV. Lastly, we outline an mRNA-based HIV vaccination strategy based on the immunobiology of broadly neutralizing antibody development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Mu
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Z.M.); (B.F.H.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Z.M.); (B.F.H.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Derek W. Cain
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Z.M.); (B.F.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
RhCMV serostatus and vaccine adjuvant impact immunogenicity of RhCMV/SIV vaccines. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14056. [PMID: 32820216 PMCID: PMC7441386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) strain 68-1-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (RhCMV/SIV) vaccines are associated with complete clearance of pathogenic SIV challenge virus, non-canonical major histocompatibility complex restriction, and absent antibody responses in recipients previously infected with wild-type RhCMV. This report presents the first investigation of RhCMV/SIV vaccines in RhCMV-seronegative macaques lacking anti-vector immunity. Fifty percent of rhesus macaques (RM) vaccinated with a combined RhCMV-Gag, -Env, and -Retanef (RTN) vaccine controlled pathogenic SIV challenge despite high peak viremia. However, kinetics of viral load control by vaccinated RM were considerably delayed compared to previous reports. Impact of a TLR5 agonist (flagellin; FliC) on vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity was also examined. An altered vaccine regimen containing an SIV Gag-FliC fusion antigen instead of Gag was significantly less immunogenic and resulted in reduced protection. Notably, RhCMV-Gag and RhCMV-Env vaccines elicited anti-Gag and anti-Env antibodies in RhCMV-seronegative RM, an unexpected contrast to vaccination of RhCMV-seropositive RM. These findings confirm that RhCMV-vectored SIV vaccines significantly protect against SIV pathogenesis. However, pre-existing vector immunity and a pro-inflammatory vaccine adjuvant may influence RhCMV/SIV vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. Future investigation of the impact of pre-existing anti-vector immune responses on protective immunity conferred by this vaccine platform is warranted.
Collapse
|
13
|
Valliyott L, Dungdung R, Pilankatta R. Semi-quantification of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in the uptake of Adenovirus serotype 5 into THP-1 cells. Anal Biochem 2020; 591:113568. [PMID: 31881180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Replication defective recombinant Ad5 vectors (rAdV5) are extensively explored for its applications in gene therapy and vaccine delivery. Ad5 enter into monocytes and macrophages through CAR independent route as an immune complex termed as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). We developed an effective method for estimating the ADE of rAdV5 encoding GFP (rAdV5-GFP) into THP-1 cells, using fluorimetric semi-quantification of GFP. Initially, twenty numbers of human sera samples were screened in HeLa cells for anti-Ad5 antibody titer using neutralization assay. Uptake of rAdV5-GFP in THP-1 cells was observed only after pre-incubation with the serially diluted human sera which are attributed to ADE. The optimal dilution which showed the maximum GFP expression as per the fluorescence microscopic analysis in THP-1 cells was used for further analysis. Fluorimetric analysis of the THP-1 cell lysate showed a maximum GFP intensity of 17058 RFU, which was equivalent to the 0.397 pmoles of Alexa Fluor 488 under the same experimental condition. Similarly, immunoblot analysis of GFP in THP-1 cell lysate and HeLa cell lysate confirmed the entry of rAdV5-GFP into the cells. The assay can serve as a platform for understanding the molecular events involved in ADE for the uptake of viruses into immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lathika Valliyott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Krishna Block, Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Ranjeet Dungdung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Krishna Block, Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Krishna Block, Central University of Kerala, Periya, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao J, Mese K, Bunz O, Ehrhardt A. State‐of‐the‐art human adenovirus vectorology for therapeutic approaches. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3609-3622. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Kemal Mese
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Oskar Bunz
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumru OS, Saleh-Birdjandi S, Antunez LR, Sayeed E, Robinson D, van den Worm S, Diemer GS, Perez W, Caposio P, Früh K, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Stabilization and formulation of a recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus vector for use as a candidate HIV-1 vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:6696-6706. [PMID: 31548012 PMCID: PMC6863464 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated viral vaccine/vector candidates are inherently unstable and infectivity titer losses can readily occur without defining appropriate formulations, storage conditions and clinical handling practices. During initial process development of a candidate vaccine against HIV-1 using a recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus vector (rHCMV-1), large vector titer losses were observed after storage at 4 °C and after undergoing freeze-thaw. Thus, the goal of this work was to develop candidate frozen liquid formulations of rHCMV-1 with improved freeze-thaw and short-term liquid stability for potential use in early clinical trials. To this end, a virus stability screening protocol was developed including use of a rapid, in vitro cell-based immunofluorescence focus assay to quantitate viral titers. A library of ∼50 pharmaceutical excipients (from various known classes of additives) were evaluated for their effect on vector stability after freeze-thaw cycling or incubation at 4 °C for several days. Certain additives including sugars and polymers (e.g., trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol, hydrolyzed gelatin, dextran 40) as well as removal of NaCl (lower ionic strength) protected rHCMV-1 against freeze-thaw mediated losses in viral titers. Optimized solution conditions (e.g., solution pH, buffers and sugar type) slowed the rate of rHCMV-1 titer losses in the liquid state at 4 °C. After evaluating various excipient combinations, three new candidate formulations were designed and rHCMV-1 stability was benchmarked against both the currently-used and a previously reported formulation. The new candidate formulations were significantly more stable in terms of reducing rHCMV-1 titer losses after 5 freeze-thaw cycles or incubation at 4 °C for 30 days. This case study highlights the utility of semi-empirical design of frozen liquid formulations of a live viral vaccine candidate, where protection against infectivity titer losses due to freeze-thaw and short-term liquid storage are sufficient to enable more rapid initiation of early clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Soraia Saleh-Birdjandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lorena R Antunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Eddy Sayeed
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, 125 Broad Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | | | - Sjoerd van den Worm
- Oregon Health & Science University, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Diemer
- Oregon Health & Science University, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Wilma Perez
- Oregon Health & Science University, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Patrizia Caposio
- Oregon Health & Science University, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Oregon Health & Science University, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, 505 NW185th Ave, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wilmschen S, Schmitz JE, Kimpel J. Viral Vectors for the Induction of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030119. [PMID: 31546894 PMCID: PMC6789710 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research on generating an efficient HIV vaccine is ongoing. A major aim of HIV vaccines is the induction of long-lasting, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that can confer sterile immunity for a prolonged period of time. Several strategies have been explored to reach this goal, i.e. protein immunization, DNA, or viral vectors, or a combination thereof. In this review, we give an overview of approaches using viral vectors for the induction of HIV-specific bnAbs. Many pre-clinical studies were performed using various replication-competent and -incompetent vectors. Amongst them, poxviral and adenoviral vectors were the most prevalent ones. In many studies, viral vectors were combined with a DNA prime or a protein boost. However, neutralizing antibodies were mainly induced against the homologous HIV-1 vaccine strain or tier 1 viruses, and in rare cases, against tier 2 viruses, indicating the need for improved antigens and vaccination strategies. Furthermore, we also review next generation Env antigens that are currently being used in protein vaccination approaches and point out how they could be utilized in viral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilmschen
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Joern E Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cervera L, Gòdia F, Tarrés-Freixas F, Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Carrillo J, Blanco J, Gutiérrez-Granados S. Production of HIV-1-based virus-like particles for vaccination: achievements and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7367-7384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
18
|
Hansen SG, Marshall EE, Malouli D, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Ainslie E, Ford JC, Morrow D, Gilbride RM, Bae JY, Legasse AW, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Berkemeier B, Bosche WJ, Hull M, Womack J, Shao J, Edlefsen PT, Reed JS, Burwitz BJ, Sacha JB, Axthelm MK, Früh K, Lifson JD, Picker LJ. A live-attenuated RhCMV/SIV vaccine shows long-term efficacy against heterologous SIV challenge. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaaw2607. [PMID: 31316007 PMCID: PMC6788755 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw2607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established that strain 68-1-derived rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) proteins (RhCMV/SIV) are able to elicit and maintain cellular immune responses that provide protection against mucosal challenge of highly pathogenic SIV in rhesus monkeys (RMs). However, these efficacious RhCMV/SIV vectors were replication and spread competent and therefore have the potential to cause disease in immunocompromised subjects. To develop a safer CMV-based vaccine for clinical use, we attenuated 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vectors by deletion of the Rh110 gene encoding the pp71 tegument protein (ΔRh110), allowing for suppression of lytic gene expression. ΔRh110 RhCMV/SIV vectors are highly spread deficient in vivo (~1000-fold compared to the parent vector) yet are still able to superinfect RhCMV+ RMs and generate high-frequency effector-memory-biased T cell responses. Here, we demonstrate that ΔRh110 68-1 RhCMV/SIV-expressing homologous or heterologous SIV antigens are highly efficacious against intravaginal (IVag) SIVmac239 challenge, providing control and progressive clearance of SIV infection in 59% of vaccinated RMs. Moreover, among 12 ΔRh110 RhCMV/SIV-vaccinated RMs that controlled and progressively cleared an initial SIV challenge, 9 were able to stringently control a second SIV challenge ~3 years after last vaccination, demonstrating the durability of this vaccine. Thus, ΔRh110 RhCMV/SIV vectors have a safety and efficacy profile that warrants adaptation and clinical evaluation of corresponding HCMV vectors as a prophylactic HIV/AIDS vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Emily E Marshall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Emily Ainslie
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Julia C Ford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Roxanne M Gilbride
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jin Y Bae
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kelli Oswald
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca Shoemaker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian Berkemeier
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William J Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Hull
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jennie Womack
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jason Shao
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Ben J Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
As the HIV pandemic rapidly spread worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s, a new approach to treat cancer, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases was also emerging. Cell and gene therapy strategies are connected with human pathologies at a fundamental level, by delivering DNA and RNA molecules that could correct and/or ameliorate the underlying genetic factors of any illness. The history of HIV gene therapy is especially intriguing, in that the virus that was targeted was soon co-opted to become part of the targeting strategy. Today, HIV-based lentiviral vectors, along with many other gene delivery strategies, have been used to evaluate HIV cure approaches in cell culture, small and large animal models, and in patients. Here, we trace HIV cell and gene therapy from the earliest clinical trials, using genetically unmodified cell products from the patient or from matched donors, through current state-of-the-art strategies. These include engineering HIV-specific immunity in T-cells, gene editing approaches to render all blood cells in the body HIV-resistant, and most importantly, combination therapies that draw from both of these respective "offensive" and "defensive" approaches. It is widely agreed upon that combinatorial approaches are the most promising route to functional cure/remission of HIV infection. This chapter outlines cell and gene therapy strategies that are poised to play an essential role in eradicating HIV-infected cells in vivo.
Collapse
|
20
|
Agrawal B, Gupta N, Vedi S, Singh S, Li W, Garg S, Li J, Kumar R. Heterologous Immunity between Adenoviruses and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors Containing Antigens from Unrelated Pathogens Induce Cross-Reactive Immunity Against HCV Antigens. Cells 2019; 8:E507. [PMID: 31130710 PMCID: PMC6562520 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immune responses play an important role in the outcome of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). They can lead to viral clearance and a positive outcome, or progression and severity of chronic disease. Extensive research in the past >25 years into understanding the immune responses against HCV have still resulted in many unanswered questions implicating a role for unknown factors and events. In our earlier studies, we made a surprising discovery that peptides derived from structural and non-structural proteins of HCV have substantial amino acid sequence homologies with various proteins of adenoviruses and that immunizing mice with a non-replicating, non-recombinant adenovirus vector leads to induction of a robust cross-reactive cellular and humoral response against various HCV antigens. In this work, we further demonstrate antibody cross-reactivity between Ad and HCV in vivo. We also extend this observation to show that recombinant adenoviruses containing antigens from unrelated pathogens also possess the ability to induce cross-reactive immune responses against HCV antigens along with the induction of transgene antigen-specific immunity. This cross-reactive immunity can (a) accommodate the making of dual-pathogen vaccines, (b) play an important role in the natural course of HCV infection and (c) provide a plausible answer to many unexplained questions regarding immunity to HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babita Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Nancy Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Satish Vedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Shakti Singh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Saurabh Garg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2S2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lessons for general vaccinology research from attempts to develop an HIV vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 37:3400-3408. [PMID: 30979571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past when large investments have been made in tackling narrow scientific challenges, the enormous expansion in our knowledge in one small area has had a spill-over effect on research and treatment of other diseases. The large investment in HIV vaccine development in recent years has the potential for such an effect on vaccine development for other diseases. HIV vaccine developers have experienced repeated failure using the standard approaches to vaccine development. This has forced them to consider immune responses in greater depth and detail. It has led to a recognition of the importance of epitopic specificity in both antibody and T cell responses. Also, it has led to an understanding of the importance of affinity maturation in antibody responses and the quality of T cell responses in T cell-mediated immunity. It has advanced the development of many novel vaccine vectors and vehicles that are now available for use in other vaccines. Further, it has focused attention on the impact of research funding mechanisms and community engagement on vaccine development. These developments and considerations have implications for vaccinology more generally. Some suggestions are made for investigators working on other "hard-to-develop" vaccines.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang Y, Ganusov VV. Defining Kinetic Properties of HIV-Specific CD8⁺ T-Cell Responses in Acute Infection. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E69. [PMID: 30836625 PMCID: PMC6462943 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that CD8 + T cells are important in the control of HIV-1 (HIV) replication. However, CD8 + T cells induced by natural infection cannot eliminate the virus or reduce viral loads to acceptably low levels in most infected individuals. Understanding the basic quantitative features of CD8 + T-cell responses induced during HIV infection may therefore inform us about the limits that HIV vaccines, which aim to induce protective CD8 + T-cell responses, must exceed. Using previously published experimental data from a cohort of HIV-infected individuals with sampling times from acute to chronic infection we defined the quantitative properties of CD8 + T-cell responses to the whole HIV proteome. In contrast with a commonly held view, we found that the relative number of HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses (response breadth) changed little over the course of infection (first 400 days post-infection), with moderate but statistically significant changes occurring only during the first 35 symptomatic days. This challenges the idea that a change in the T-cell response breadth over time is responsible for the slow speed of viral escape from CD8 + T cells in the chronic infection. The breadth of HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses was not correlated with the average viral load for our small cohort of patients. Metrics of relative immunodominance of HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses such as Shannon entropy or the Evenness index were also not significantly correlated with the average viral load. Our mathematical-model-driven analysis suggested extremely slow expansion kinetics for the majority of HIV-specific CD8 + T-cell responses and the presence of intra- and interclonal competition between multiple CD8 + T-cell responses; such competition may limit the magnitude of CD8 + T-cell responses, specific to different epitopes, and the overall number of T-cell responses induced by vaccination. Further understanding of mechanisms underlying interactions between the virus and virus-specific CD8 + T-cell response will be instrumental in determining which T-cell-based vaccines will induce T-cell responses providing durable protection against HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Yang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Vitaly V Ganusov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Doran RC, Yu B, Wright M, O'Rourke SM, Yin L, Richardson JM, Byrne G, Mesa KA, Berman PW. Development of a Stable MGAT1 - CHO Cell Line to Produce Clade C gp120 With Improved Binding to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2313. [PMID: 30344523 PMCID: PMC6182045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The high rate of new HIV infections, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, emphasizes the need for a safe and effective vaccine to prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, the only HIV vaccine trial that has exhibited protective efficacy in humans was the RV144 study completed in Thailand. The finding that protection correlated with antibodies to gp120 suggested that increasing the quality or magnitude of the antibody response that recognize gp120 might improve the modest yet significant protection (31.2%) achieved with this immunization regimen. However, the large-scale production of rgp120 suitable for clinical trials has been challenging due, in part, to low productivity and difficulties in purification. Moreover, the antigens that are currently available were produced largely by the same technology used in the early 1990s and fail to incorporate unique carbohydrates presented on HIV virions required for the binding of several major families of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here we describe the development of a high-yielding CHO cell line expressing rgp120 from a clade C isolate (TZ97008), representative of the predominant circulating HIV subtype in Southern Africa and Southeast Asia. This cell line, produced using robotic selection, expresses high levels (1.2 g/L) of the TZ97008 rgp120 antigen that incorporates oligomannose glycans required for binding to multiple glycan dependent bNAbs. The resulting rgp120 displays a lower degree of net charge and glycoform heterogeneity as compared to rgp120s produced in normal CHO cells. This homogeneity in net charge facilitates purification by filtration and ion exchange chromatography methods, eliminating the need for expensive custom-made lectin, or immunoaffinity columns. The results described herein document the availability of a novel cell line for the large-scale production of clade C gp120 for clinical trials. Finally, the strategy used to produce a TZ97008 gp120 in the MGAT− CHO cell line can be applied to the production of other candidate HIV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Doran
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Meredith Wright
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Sara M O'Rourke
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Jennie M Richardson
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Gabriel Byrne
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Kathryn A Mesa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Phillip W Berman
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Collusion between neutralizing antibodies and other immune factions in the destruction of adenoviral vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10201-10203. [PMID: 30232262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814275115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
25
|
Blasi M, Negri D, LaBranche C, Alam SM, Baker EJ, Brunner EC, Gladden MA, Michelini Z, Vandergrift NA, Wiehe KJ, Parks R, Shen X, Bonsignori M, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G, Montefiori DC, Santra S, Haynes BF, Moody MA, Cara A, Klotman ME. IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells. Commun Biol 2018; 1:134. [PMID: 30272013 PMCID: PMC6125466 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV continues to be a major global health issue. In spite of successful prevention interventions and treatment methods, the development of an HIV vaccine remains a major priority for the field and would be the optimal strategy to prevent new infections. We showed previously that a single immunization with a SIV-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing the 1086.C HIV-1-envelope induced durable, high-magnitude immune responses in non-human primates (NHPs). In this study, we have further characterized the humoral responses by assessing antibody affinity maturation and antigen-specific memory B-cell persistence in two vaccinated macaques. These animals were also boosted with IDLV expressing the heterologous 1176.C HIV-1-Env to determine if neutralization breadth could be increased, followed by evaluation of the injection sites to assess IDLV persistence. IDLV-Env immunization was associated with persistence of the vector DNA for up to 6 months post immunization and affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells. Maria Blasi et al. report the anti-HIV-1 humoral response elicited in rhesus macaques following vaccination with an SIV-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV). They find that a single IDLV-Env immunization induces continuous antibody avidity maturation and boosting with a heterologous HIV-1 Env results in lower peak antibody titers than autologous boost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Erich J Baker
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Brunner
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Morgan A Gladden
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Vandergrift
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Kevin J Wiehe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Cara
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Mary E Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The benefits of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV replication and transmission control have led to its universal recommendation. Many people living with HIV are, however, still undiagnosed or diagnosed late, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV disease burden is highest. Further expansion in HIV treatment options, incorporating women-centred approaches, is essential to make individualised care a reality. With a longer life expectancy than before, people living with HIV are at an increased risk of developing non-AIDS comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Antiretroviral strategies are evolving towards a decrease in drug burden, and some two-drug combinations have proven efficacy for maintenance therapy. Investigational immune checkpoint inhibitors and broadly neutralising antibodies with effector functions have energised the HIV cure research field as the search for an effective vaccine continues. In this Seminar, we review advances and challenges relating to the goal of an AIDS-free world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Ghosn
- Inserm UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Babafemi Taiwo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Inserm UMR-S 1135, Centre de Recherches en Immunologie et Maladies Infectieus, CIMI-Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- Inserm UMR-S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France; Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Borriello F, van Haren SD, Levy O. First International Precision Vaccines Conference: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Next-Generation Vaccines. mSphere 2018; 3:e00214-18. [PMID: 30068557 PMCID: PMC6070736 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00214-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines represent a remarkable success in the history of medicine since they have prevented and, in some instances, eradicated a range of infectious diseases. However, for many existing vaccines, immunogenicity is limited, requiring multiple booster doses, and we are still unable to target many pathogens due to intrinsic features of the microorganism, such as genetic/antigenic variability between strains, and our limited understanding of the variables that regulate vaccine responsiveness, including age- and sex-specific differences. Moreover, the traditional approach to vaccine development is often empirical, relying on inactivation of microorganisms or purification of their components, which are usually less immunogenic than the whole microorganism from which they derive. This approach has yielded multiple important vaccines but has failed to consistently generate vaccines that are sufficiently immunogenic in populations with limited immune responsiveness such as newborns and elderly individuals. In an effort to trigger impactful collaborations, a community of scientists gathered in Boston in the United States for the first biennial International Precision Vaccines Conference, sponsored by the Boston Children's Hospital Precision Vaccines Program, to discuss innovation in vaccinology. Recent advancements in the field of systems biology that can identify vaccine immunogenicity biomarkers for target populations, in human in vitro models, and in novel adjuvant and formulation strategies offer unprecedented opportunities to dissect the human immune response to vaccines and inform dramatic improvements in vaccine efficacy. These approaches are poised to have a major scientific and translational impact in vaccinology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Simon D van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barouch DH, Tomaka FL, Wegmann F, Stieh DJ, Alter G, Robb ML, Michael NL, Peter L, Nkolola JP, Borducchi EN, Chandrashekar A, Jetton D, Stephenson KE, Li W, Korber B, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Gray G, Frahm N, McElrath MJ, Baden L, Johnson J, Hutter J, Swann E, Karita E, Kibuuka H, Mpendo J, Garrett N, Mngadi K, Chinyenze K, Priddy F, Lazarus E, Laher F, Nitayapan S, Pitisuttithum P, Bart S, Campbell T, Feldman R, Lucksinger G, Borremans C, Callewaert K, Roten R, Sadoff J, Scheppler L, Weijtens M, Feddes-de Boer K, van Manen D, Vreugdenhil J, Zahn R, Lavreys L, Nijs S, Tolboom J, Hendriks J, Euler Z, Pau MG, Schuitemaker H. Evaluation of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a clinical trial (APPROACH) and in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19). Lancet 2018; 392:232-243. [PMID: 30047376 PMCID: PMC6192527 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 1·8 million new cases of HIV-1 infection were diagnosed worldwide in 2016. No licensed prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine exists. A major limitation to date has been the lack of direct comparability between clinical trials and preclinical studies. We aimed to evaluate mosaic adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26)-based HIV-1 vaccine candidates in parallel studies in humans and rhesus monkeys to define the optimal vaccine regimen to advance into clinical efficacy trials. METHODS We conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2a trial (APPROACH). Participants were recruited from 12 clinics in east Africa, South Africa, Thailand, and the USA. We included healthy, HIV-1-uninfected participants (aged 18-50 years) who were considered at low risk for HIV-1 infection. We randomly assigned participants to one of eight study groups, stratified by region. Participants and investigators were blinded to the treatment allocation throughout the study. We primed participants at weeks 0 and 12 with Ad26.Mos.HIV (5 × 1010 viral particles per 0·5 mL) expressing mosaic HIV-1 envelope (Env)/Gag/Pol antigens and gave boosters at weeks 24 and 48 with Ad26.Mos.HIV or modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA; 108 plaque-forming units per 0·5 mL) vectors with or without high-dose (250 μg) or low-dose (50 μg) aluminium adjuvanted clade C Env gp140 protein. Those in the control group received 0·9% saline. All study interventions were administered intramuscularly. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability of the vaccine regimens and Env-specific binding antibody responses at week 28. Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed at week 52. All participants who received at least one vaccine dose or placebo were included in the safety analysis; immunogenicity was analysed using the per-protocol population. We also did a parallel study in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19) to assess the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccine regimens against a series of six repetitive, heterologous, intrarectal challenges with a rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived challenge stock of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV-SF162P3). The APPROACH trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02315703. FINDINGS Between Feb 24, 2015, and Oct 16, 2015, we randomly assigned 393 participants to receive at least one dose of study vaccine or placebo in the APPROACH trial. All vaccine regimens demonstrated favourable safety and tolerability. The most commonly reported solicited local adverse event was mild-to-moderate pain at the injection site (varying from 69% to 88% between the different active groups vs 49% in the placebo group). Five (1%) of 393 participants reported at least one grade 3 adverse event considered related to the vaccines: abdominal pain and diarrhoea (in the same participant), increased aspartate aminotransferase, postural dizziness, back pain, and malaise. The mosaic Ad26/Ad26 plus high-dose gp140 boost vaccine was the most immunogenic in humans; it elicited Env-specific binding antibody responses (100%) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis responses (80%) at week 52, and T-cell responses at week 50 (83%). We also randomly assigned 72 rhesus monkeys to receive one of five different vaccine regimens or placebo in the NHP 13-19 study. Ad26/Ad26 plus gp140 boost induced similar magnitude, durability, and phenotype of immune responses in rhesus monkeys as compared with humans and afforded 67% protection against acquisition of SHIV-SF162P3 infection (two-sided Fisher's exact test p=0·007). Env-specific ELISA and enzyme-linked immunospot assay responses were the principal immune correlates of protection against SHIV challenge in monkeys. INTERPRETATION The mosaic Ad26/Ad26 plus gp140 HIV-1 vaccine induced comparable and robust immune responses in humans and rhesus monkeys, and it provided significant protection against repetitive heterologous SHIV challenges in rhesus monkeys. This vaccine concept is currently being evaluated in a phase 2b clinical efficacy study in sub-Saharan Africa (NCT03060629). FUNDING Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, National Institutes of Health, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, US Department of Defense, and International AIDS Vaccine Initiative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan H Barouch
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Frank Wegmann
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph P Nkolola
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David Jetton
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Bette Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Glenda Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsey Baden
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Hutter
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edith Swann
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Etienne Karita
- Project San Francisco, Rwanda-Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Hannah Kibuuka
- Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Juliet Mpendo
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative HIV Vaccine Program, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kathy Mngadi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Frances Priddy
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Department of Surgery and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sorachai Nitayapan
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- The Vaccine Trial Center, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jerald Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lorenz Scheppler
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands; Janssen Infectious Diseases BV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mo Weijtens
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Steven Nijs
- Janssen Infectious Diseases BV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Zelda Euler
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria G Pau
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Muruganandah V, Sathkumara HD, Navarro S, Kupz A. A Systematic Review: The Role of Resident Memory T Cells in Infectious Diseases and Their Relevance for Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1574. [PMID: 30038624 PMCID: PMC6046459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resident memory T cells have emerged as key players in the immune response generated against a number of pathogens. Their ability to take residence in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues allows for the rapid deployment of secondary effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. This ability to provide enhanced regional immunity has gathered much attention, with the generation of resident memory T cells being the goal of many novel vaccines. Objectives This review aimed to systematically analyze published literature investigating the role of resident memory T cells in human infectious diseases. Known effector responses mounted by these cells are summarized and key strategies that are potentially influential in the rational design of resident memory T cell inducing vaccines have also been highlighted. Methods A Boolean search was applied to Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the effector response generated by resident memory T cells and/or evaluated strategies for inducing these cells were included irrespective of published date. Studies must have utilized an established technique for identifying resident memory T cells such as T cell phenotyping. Results While over 600 publications were revealed by the search, 147 articles were eligible for inclusion. The reference lists of included articles were also screened for other eligible publications. This resulted in the inclusion of publications that studied resident memory T cells in the context of over 25 human pathogens. The vast majority of studies were conducted in mouse models and demonstrated that resident memory T cells mount protective immune responses. Conclusion Although the role resident memory T cells play in providing immunity varies depending on the pathogen and anatomical location they resided in, the evidence overall suggests that these cells are vital for the timely and optimal protection against a number of infectious diseases. The induction of resident memory T cells should be further investigated and seriously considered when designing new vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Visai Muruganandah
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Harindra D Sathkumara
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang W, Fu J, Ehrhardt A. Novel Vector Construction Based on Alternative Adenovirus Types via Homologous Recombination. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2018; 29:124-134. [PMID: 29756505 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2018.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vector (AdV) is one of the most used vectors in gene therapy clinical trials. However the therapeutic effect of AdV is limited due to preexisting immunity to the currently used human adenovirus type 5 and pre-decided vector tropism. It is highly demanded to develop novel AdVs originated from other types than adenovirus type 5. Here, we describe a method for direct cloning of adenovirus utilizing linear-linear homologous recombination, followed by rapid adenoviral genome modification via linear-circular homologous recombination. A plasmid bearing chosen adenoviral genome with the desired modification is generated in three weeks, from which a novel AdV can be reconstituted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- 1 Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University , Witten, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- 2 Shandong University-Helmholtz Joint Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University , Qingdao, China
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- 1 Chair for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University , Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Doran RC, Tatsuno GP, O’Rourke SM, Yu B, Alexander DL, Mesa KA, Berman PW. Glycan modifications to the gp120 immunogens used in the RV144 vaccine trial improve binding to broadly neutralizing antibodies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196370. [PMID: 29689099 PMCID: PMC5916523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the RV144 HIV vaccine trial has been the only study to show that immunization can confer protection from HIV infection. While encouraging, the modest 31.2% (P = 0.04) efficacy achieved in this study left significant room for improvement, and created an incentive to optimize the AIDSVAX B/E vaccine immunogens to increase the level of vaccine efficacy. Since the completion of the RV144 trial, our understanding of the antigenic structure of the HIV envelope protein, gp120, and of the specificity of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bN-mAbs) that bind to it, has significantly improved. In particular, we have learned that multiple families of bN-mAbs require specific oligomannose glycans for binding. Both of the monomeric gp120 immunogens (MN- and A244-rgp120) in the AIDSVAX B/E vaccine used in the RV144 trial were enriched for glycans containing high levels of sialic acid, and lacked critical N-linked glycosylation sites required for binding by several families of bN-mAbs. The absence of these epitopes may have contributed to the low level of efficacy achieved in this study. In this report, we describe our efforts to improve the antigenic structure of the rgp120 immunogens used in the vaccine by optimizing glycan-dependent epitopes recognized by multiple bN-mAbs. Our results demonstrated that by shifting the location of one PNGS in A244-rgp120, and by adding two PNGS to MN-rgp120, in conjunction with the production of both proteins in a cell line that favors the incorporation of oligomannose glycans, we could significantly improve the binding by three major families of bN-mAbs. The immunogens described here represent a second generation of gp120-based vaccine immunogens that exhibit potential for use in RV144 follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Doran
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gwen P. Tatsuno
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sara M. O’Rourke
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - David L. Alexander
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Mesa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Phillip W. Berman
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Gladstone Institute of Virology & Immunology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang W, Fu J, Liu J, Wang H, Schiwon M, Janz S, Schaffarczyk L, von der Goltz L, Ehrke-Schulz E, Dörner J, Solanki M, Boehme P, Bergmann T, Lieber A, Lauber C, Dahl A, Petzold A, Zhang Y, Stewart AF, Ehrhardt A. An Engineered Virus Library as a Resource for the Spectrum-wide Exploration of Virus and Vector Diversity. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1698-1709. [PMID: 28538186 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are large human-pathogenic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses presenting an enormous natural diversity associated with a broad variety of diseases. However, only a small fraction of adenoviruses has been explored in basic virology and biomedical research, highlighting the need to develop robust and adaptable methodologies and resources. We developed a method for high-throughput direct cloning and engineering of adenoviral genomes from different sources utilizing advanced linear-linear homologous recombination (LLHR) and linear-circular homologous recombination (LCHR). We describe 34 cloned adenoviral genomes originating from clinical samples, which were characterized by next-generation sequencing (NGS). We anticipate that this recombineering strategy and the engineered adenovirus library will provide an approach to study basic and clinical virology. High-throughput screening (HTS) of the reporter-tagged Ad library in a panel of cell lines including osteosarcoma disease-specific cell lines revealed alternative virus types with enhanced transduction and oncolysis efficiencies. This highlights the usefulness of this resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maren Schiwon
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Sebastian Janz
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Lukas Schaffarczyk
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Lukas von der Goltz
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Dörner
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Manish Solanki
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Philip Boehme
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bergmann
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Andre Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7720, USA
| | - Chris Lauber
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Deep Sequencing, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Youming Zhang
- Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - A Francis Stewart
- Genomics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Halder UC. Bone marrow stem cells to destroy circulating HIV: a hypothetical therapeutic strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:3. [PMID: 29445623 PMCID: PMC5800069 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-018-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) still poses enigmatic threats to human life. This virus has mastered in bypassing anti retroviral therapy leading to patients’ death. Circulating viruses are phenomenal for the disease outcome. This hypothesis proposes a therapeutic strategy utilizing receptor-integrated hematopoietic, erythroid and red blood cells. Here, HIV specific receptors trap circulating viruses that enter erythrocyte cytoplasm and form inactive integration complex. This model depicts easy, effective removal of circulating HIV without any adverse effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Chandra Halder
- Department of Zoology, Raniganj Girls' College, Searsole, Rajbari, Raniganj, Paschim Barddhaman, West Bengal 713358 India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rider PJF, Musarrat F, Nabil R, Naidu S, Kousoulas KG. First Impressions-the Potential of Altering Initial Host-Virus Interactions for Rational Design of Herpesvirus Vaccine Vectors. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 5:55-65. [PMID: 30560044 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The earliest host-virus interactions occur during virus attachment and entry into cells. These initial steps in the virus lifecycle influence the outcome of infection beyond delivery of the viral genome into the cell. Herpesviruses alter host signaling pathways and processes during attachment and entry to facilitate virus infection and modulate innate immune responses. We suggest in this review that understanding these early signaling events may inform the rational design of therapeutic and prevention strategies for herpesvirus infection, as well as the engineering of viral vectors for immunotherapy purposes. Recent Findings Recent reports demonstrate that modulation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) entry results in unexpected enhancement of antiviral immune responses. Summary A variety of evidence suggests that herpesviruses promote specific cellular signaling responses that facilitate viral replication after binding to cell surfaces, as well as during virus entry. Of particular interest is the ability of the virus to alter innate immune responses through these cellular signaling events. Uncovering the underlying immune evasion strategies may lead to the design of live-attenuated vaccines that can generate robust and protective anti-viral immune responses against herpesviruses. These adjuvant properties may be extended to a variety of heterologous antigens expressed by herpesviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J F Rider
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Farhana Musarrat
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Rafiq Nabil
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Shan Naidu
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
| | - Konstantin G Kousoulas
- Division of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vieillard V, Gharakhanian S, Lucar O, Katlama C, Launay O, Autran B, Ho Tsong Fang R, Crouzet J, Murphy RL, Debré P. Perspectives for immunotherapy: which applications might achieve an HIV functional cure? Oncotarget 2018; 7:38946-38958. [PMID: 26950274 PMCID: PMC5122442 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The major advances achieved in devising successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) have enabled the sustained control of HIV replication. However, this is associated with costly lifelong treatment, partial immune restoration, chronic inflammation and persistent viral reservoirs. In this context, new therapeutic strategies deserve investigation as adjuncts to cART so as to potentiate immune responses that are capable of completely containing HIV pathogenicity, particularly if cART is discontinued. This may seem a dauntingly high hurdle given the results to date. This review outlines the key research efforts that have recently resurrected immunotherapeutic options, and some of the approaches tested to date. These areas include promising cytokines or vaccine strategies, using different viral or non-viral vectors based on polyvalent “mosaic” antigens and highly conserved HIV envelope peptides, broadly neutralizing antibodies or new properties of antibodies to improve the control of immune system homeostasis. These novel immunotherapeutic strategies appear promising per se, or in combination with TLR-agonists in order to bypass the complexity of the interplay between immune activation, massive CD4+ T-cell loss and viral persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Vieillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Lucar
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,InnaVirVax, Génopole, Evry, France
| | - Christine Katlama
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France
| | - Odile Launay
- Université Paris Descartes, INSERM, CIC 1417, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Autran
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Robert L Murphy
- Center for Global Health, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrice Debré
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional inactivated and protein vaccines generate strong antibodies, but struggle to generate T cell responses. Attenuated pathogen vaccines generate both, but risk causing the disease they aim to prevent. Newer gene-based vaccines drive both responses and avoid the risk of infection. While these replication-defective (RD) vaccines work well in small animals, they can be weak in humans because they do not replicate antigen genes like more potent replication-competent (RC) vaccines. RC vaccines generate substantially stronger immune responses, but also risk causing their own infections. To circumvent these problems, we developed single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors that amplify vaccine genes, but that avoid the risk of infection. This review will discuss these vectors and their prospects for use as vaccines. AREAS COVERED This review provides a background of different types of vaccines. The benefits of gene-based vaccines and their ability to replicate antigen genes are described. Adenovirus vectors are discussed and compared to other vaccine types. Replication-defective, single-cycle, and replication-competent Ad vaccines are compared. EXPERT COMMENTARY The potential utility of these vaccines are discussed when used against infectious diseases and as cancer vaccines. We propose a move away from replication-defective vaccines towards more robust replication-competent or single-cycle vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barry
- a Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duffy MR, Alonso-Padilla J, John L, Chandra N, Khan S, Ballmann MZ, Lipiec A, Heemskerk E, Custers J, Arnberg N, Havenga M, Baker AH, Lemckert A. Generation and characterization of a novel candidate gene therapy and vaccination vector based on human species D adenovirus type 56. J Gen Virol 2017; 99:135-147. [PMID: 29154744 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The vectorization of rare human adenovirus (HAdV) types will widen our knowledge of this family and their interaction with cells, tissues and organs. In this study we focus on HAdV-56, a member of human Ad species D, and create ease-of-use cloning systems to generate recombinant HAdV-56 vectors carrying foreign genes. We present in vitro transduction profiles for HAdV-56 in direct comparison to the most commonly used HAdV-5-based vector. In vivo characterizations demonstrate that when it is delivered intravenously (i.v.) HAdV-56 mainly targets the spleen and, to a lesser extent, the lungs, whilst largely bypassing liver transduction in mice. HAdV-56 triggered robust inflammatory and cellular immune responses, with higher induction of IFNγ, TNFα, IL5, IL6, IP10, MCP1 and MIG1 compared to HAdV-5 following i.v. administration. We also investigated its potential as a vaccine vector candidate by performing prime immunizations in mice with HAdV-56 encoding luciferase (HAdV-56-Luc). Direct comparisons were made to HAdV-26, a highly potent human vaccine vector currently in phase II clinical trials. HAdV-56-Luc induced luciferase 'antigen'-specific IFNγ-producing cells and anti-HAdV-56 neutralizing antibodies in Balb/c mice, demonstrating a near identical profile to that of HAdV-26. Taken together, the data presented provides further insight into human Ad receptor/co-receptor usage, and the first report on HAdV-56 vectors and their potential for gene therapy and vaccine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Duffy
- Batavia Biosciences BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Present address: Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Present address: Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Centre for Research in International Health (CRESIB), Hospital Clinic de Barcelona -University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lijo John
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Naresh Chandra
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Selina Khan
- Viral Vaccine Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jerome Custers
- Viral Vaccine Discovery and Early Development, Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Andrew H Baker
- Present address: Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gomi R, Sharma A, Wu W, Sung B, Worgall S. Post-exposure immunization by capsid-modified AdC7 vector expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF clears P. aeruginosa respiratory infection. Vaccine 2017; 35:7174-7180. [PMID: 29126807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major health problems, particularly in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). No vaccine against P. aeruginosa is yet available. A vaccine that controls colonization of the respiratory tract with P. aeruginosa could be useful to prevent chronic infection and exacerbations. Replication-deficient adenoviral (Ad) vectors based on non-human serotypes are attractive vaccine platforms as they can circumvent the problem of pre-existing anti-Ad immunity in humans. The primate-based AdC7 vector AdC7OprF.RGD that expresses the outer membrane protein F (OprF) of P. aeruginosa (AdC7OprF) and that displays an integrin-binding arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence is a potent inducer of lung mucosal and protective immunity. Here, we investigated the efficacy of immunization with AdC7OprF.RGD to clear an already established P. aeruginosa respiratory infection in mice (wild-type and CF) and rats. Intratracheal administration of the clinical P. aeruginosa strain RP73 embedded in agar beads was used to establish persistent infection. Subsequent intranasal immunization with AdC7OprF.RGD induced robust P. aeruginosa-specific systemic and mucosal, humoral and cellular immune responses. Importantly, the AdC7OprF.RGD immunized mice effectively cleared P. aeruginosa from the lungs. Likewise, immunization with AdC7OprF.RGD of CF mice and Sprague Dawley rats with established P. aeruginosa respiratory infection showed enhanced anti-Pseudomonas immune responses and increased clearance of P. aeruginosa from the lungs. These data suggest that AdC7OprF.RGD can be effective as a post-exposure vaccine and may be useful in clinical settings in particular for patients with CF who frequently harbor the bacteria over prolonged periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Gomi
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wenzhu Wu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Biin Sung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stefan Worgall
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Liu F, Niu Q, Fan X, Liu C, Zhang J, Wei Z, Hou W, Kanneganti TD, Robb ML, Kim JH, Michael NL, Sun J, Soong L, Hu H. Priming and Activation of Inflammasome by Canarypox Virus Vector ALVAC via the cGAS/IFI16-STING-Type I IFN Pathway and AIM2 Sensor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3293-3305. [PMID: 28947539 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral vectors derived from different virus families, including poxvirus (canarypox virus vector ALVAC) and adenovirus (human Ad5 vector), have been widely used in vaccine development for a range of human diseases including HIV/AIDS. Less is known about the mechanisms underlying the host innate response to these vectors. Increasing evidence from clinical vaccine trials testing different viral vectors has suggested the importance of understanding basic elements of host-viral vector interactions. In this study, we investigated the innate interactions of APCs with two commonly used HIV vaccine vectors, ALVAC and Ad5, and identified AIM2 as an innate sensor for ALVAC, triggering strong inflammasome activation in both human and mouse APCs. Microarray and comprehensive gene-knockout analyses (CRISPR/Cas9) identified that ALVAC stimulated the cGAS/IFI16-STING-type I IFN pathway to prime AIM2, which was functionally required for ALVAC-induced inflammasome activation. We also provided evidence that, in contrast to ALVAC, the Ad5 vector itself was unable to induce inflammasome activation, which was related to its inability to stimulate the STING-type I IFN pathway and to provide inflammasome-priming signals. In preconditioned APCs, the Ad5 vector could stimulate inflammasome activation through an AIM2-independent mechanism. Therefore, our study identifies the AIM2 inflammasome and cGAS/IFI16-STING-type I IFN pathway as a novel mechanism for host innate immunity to the ALVAC vaccine vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Qingli Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Xiuzhen Fan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Connie Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Merlin L Robb
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Jiaren Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; .,Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pox-Protein Public Private Partnership program and upcoming HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2017; 11:614-619. [PMID: 27636503 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of review is to provide an overview of the Pox-Protein Public Private Partnership (P5) and highlight the progress of the P5 program, including an upcoming HIV vaccine efficacy trial in South Africa. RECENT FINDINGS The RV144 Thai vaccine efficacy trial was the first to demonstrate that an HIV-1 vaccine can prevent HIV acquisition. The P5 vaccine regimen uses an ALVAC prime and protein boost modeled after the RV144 vaccine and adapted for the subtype C virus predominant in the southern African region. This regimen was recently tested in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 100 phase 1/2a study in South Africa. Based on prospectively defined immunogenicity thresholds, criteria were met to support the launch of an efficacy study in late 2016. The aim of this phase 2b/3 trial will be to improve upon the results of RV144, with increased and more durable vaccine efficacy, to accelerate the potential licensure of a preventive vaccine in southern Africa. SUMMARY The planned P5 efficacy trial, HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702, is designed to test and prospectively define correlates of protection, if efficacious. A vaccine with modest efficacy, vaccine efficacy at least 50%, could have substantial public health impact and significantly decrease the incidence of new infections in heavily burdened areas of the world.
Collapse
|
42
|
The state of gene therapy research in Africa, its significance and implications for the future. Gene Ther 2017; 24:581-589. [PMID: 28692018 PMCID: PMC7094717 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has made impressive recent progress and has potential for treating a wide range of diseases, many of which are important to Africa. However, as a result of lack of direct public funding and skilled personnel, direct research on gene therapy in Africa is currently limited and resources to support the endeavor are modest. A strength of the technology is that it is based on principles of rational design, and the tools of gene therapy are now highly versatile. For example gene silencing and gene editing may be used to disable viral genes for therapeutic purposes. Gene therapy may thus lead to cure from infections with HIV-1, hepatitis B virus and Ebola virus, which are of significant public health importance in Africa. Although enthusiasm for gene therapy is justified, significant challenges to implementing the technology remain. These include ensuring efficient delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to target cells, limiting unintended effects, cost and complexity of treatment regimens. In addition, implementation of effective legislation that will govern gene therapy research will be a challenge. Nevertheless, it is an exciting prospect that gene therapy should soon reach the mainstream of medical management. Participation of African researchers in the exciting developments is currently limited, but their involvement is important to address health problems, develop capacity and enhance economic progress of the continent.
Collapse
|
43
|
Huang X, Zhu Q, Huang X, Yang L, Song Y, Zhu P, Zhou P. In vivo electroporation in DNA-VLP prime-boost preferentially enhances HIV-1 envelope-specific IgG2a, neutralizing antibody and CD8 T cell responses. Vaccine 2017; 35:2042-2051. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
44
|
Abstract
An HIV-1 vaccine is needed to curtail the HIV epidemic. Only one (RV144) out of the 6 HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials performed showed efficacy. A potential mechanism of protection is the induction of functional antibodies to V1V2 region of HIV envelope. The 2 main current approaches to the generation of protective immunity are through broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) and induction of functional antibodies (non-neutralizing Abs with other potential anti-viral functions). Passive immunization using bnAb has advanced into phase II clinical trials. The induction of bnAb using mimics of the natural Env trimer or B-cell lineage vaccine design is still in pre-clinical phase. An attempt at optimization of protective functional antibodies will be assessed next with the efficacy trial (HVTN702) about to start. With on-going optimization of prime/boost strategies, the development of mosaic immunogens, replication competent vectors, and emergence of new strategies designed to induce bnAb, the prospects for a preventive HIV vaccine have never been more promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise C Hsu
- a Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand.,b US Military HIV Research Program , Silver Spring , MD , USA.,c Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Robert J O'Connell
- a Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences , Bangkok , Thailand.,b US Military HIV Research Program , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Adler B, Sattler C, Adler H. Herpesviruses and Their Host Cells: A Successful Liaison. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:229-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
He X, Wang W, Xu K, Feng X, Zeng Y. Evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic HIV vaccine by in vitro stimulation assay. Cell Immunol 2017; 313:67-71. [PMID: 28073435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for HIV vaccine efficacy evaluation was established and the experimental conditions optimized. This novel method was then applied to determine whether a recombinant adenovirus type 5 HIV therapeutic vaccine expressing Gag antigen (Ad5-HIVgag) could stimulate HIV-specific cellular responses in vitro. The results indicated that HIV-specific IFN-gama production lymphocytes were induced by the Ad5-HIVgag vaccine. Compared with other methods, this in vitro stimulation method is safe and time-efficient, and the result is more intuitive. It has the potential to be regarded as a supplement to other methods for evaluating the IFN-gamma production by PBMCs to HIV vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Wandi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Slike BM, Creegan M, Marovich M, Ngauy V. Humoral Immunity to Primary Smallpox Vaccination: Impact of Childhood versus Adult Immunization on Vaccinia Vector Vaccine Development in Military Populations. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169247. [PMID: 28046039 PMCID: PMC5207489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modified Vaccinia virus has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic vector platform for delivery of HIV vaccines. Use of this vector is of particular importance to the military, with the implementation of a large scale smallpox vaccination campaign in 2002 in active duty and key civilian personnel in response to potential bioterrorist activities. Humoral immunity to smallpox vaccination was previously shown to be long lasting (up to 75 years) and protective. However, using vaccinia-vectored vaccine delivery for other diseases on a background of anti-vector antibodies (i.e. pre-existing immunity) may limit their use as a vaccine platform, especially in the military. In this pilot study, we examined the durability of vaccinia antibody responses in adult primary vaccinees in a healthy military population using a standard ELISA assay and a novel dendritic cell neutralization assay. We found binding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to vaccinia waned after 5–10 years in a group of 475 active duty military, born after 1972, who were vaccinated as adults with Dryvax®. These responses decreased from a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 250 to baseline (<20) after 10–20 years post vaccination. This contrasted with a comparator group of adults, ages 35–49, who were vaccinated with Dryvax® as children. In the childhood vaccinees, titers persisted for >30 years with a GMT of 210 (range 112–3234). This data suggests limited durability of antibody responses in adult vaccinees compared to those vaccinated in childhood and further that adult vaccinia recipients may benefit similarly from receipt of a vaccinia based vaccine as those who are vaccinia naïve. Our findings may have implications for the smallpox vaccination schedule and support the ongoing development of this promising viral vector in a military vaccination program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie M. Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew Creegan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- The Henry M. Jackson for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Marovich
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Viseth Ngauy
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Penaloza MacMaster P, Shields JL, Alayo QA, Cabral C, Jimenez J, Mondesir J, Chandrashekar A, Cabral JM, Lim M, Iampietro MJ, Provine NM, Bricault CA, Seaman M, Orlinger K, Aspoeck A, Fuhrmann G, Lilja AE, Monath T, Mangeat B, Pinschewer DD, Barouch DH. Development of novel replication-defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus vectors expressing SIV antigens. Vaccine 2016; 35:1-9. [PMID: 27899229 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An important focus in vaccine research is the design of vaccine vectors with low seroprevalence and high immunogenicity. Replication-incompetent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (rLCMV) vectors do not elicit vector-neutralizing antibody responses, and homologous prime-boost regimens with rLCMV vectors induce boostable and protective T cell responses to model antigens in mice. However, cellular and humoral immune responses following homologous rLCMV vaccine regimens have not been rigorously evaluated in non-human primates (NHPs). To test whether rLCMV vectors constitute an effective vaccine platform in NHPs, we developed rLCMV vectors expressing SIVmac239 Env and Gag antigens and assessed their immunogenicity in mice and cynomolgus macaques. Immunization with rLCMV vaccine vectors expressing SIV Env and Gag was effective at generating SIV-specific T cell and antibody responses in both mice and NHPs. Epitope mapping using SIV Env in C57BL/6 mice demonstrated that rLCMV vectors induced sustained poly-functional responses to both dominant and subdominant epitopes. Our results suggest the potential of rLCMV vectors as vaccine candidates. Future SIV challenge experiments in rhesus macaques will be needed to assess immune protection by these vaccine vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Penaloza MacMaster
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Shields
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Quazim A Alayo
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Crystal Cabral
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jessica Jimenez
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jade Mondesir
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph M Cabral
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew Lim
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M Justin Iampietro
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christine A Bricault
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Klaus Orlinger
- Hookipa Biotech AG Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Aspoeck
- Hookipa Biotech AG Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Fuhrmann
- Hookipa Biotech AG Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anders E Lilja
- Hookipa Biotech AG Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Monath
- Hookipa Biotech AG Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastien Mangeat
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tomusange K, Wijesundara D, Gummow J, Wesselingh S, Suhrbier A, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B. Mucosal vaccination with a live recombinant rhinovirus followed by intradermal DNA administration elicits potent and protective HIV-specific immune responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36658. [PMID: 27853256 PMCID: PMC5113119 DOI: 10.1038/srep36658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal immunity is deemed crucial to control sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein we report the efficacy of a mucosal HIV vaccine strategy comprising intranasal (IN) vaccination with a cocktail of live recombinant human rhinoviruses (HRVs) encoding overlapping fragments of HIV Gag and full length Tat (rHRV-Gag/Tat) followed by intradermal (ID) vaccination with DNA vaccines encoding HIV Gag and Tat (pVAX-Gag-Tat). This heterologous prime-boost strategy will be referred to hereafter as rHRV-DNA. As a control, IN vaccination with wild type (wt)-HRV-A1 followed by a single ID dose of pVAX (wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination) was included. rHRV-DNA vaccination elicited superior multi-functional CD8+T cell responses in lymphocytes harvested from mesenteric lymph nodes and spleens, and higher titres of Tat-specific antibodies in blood and vaginal lavages, and reduced the viral load more effectively after challenge with EcoHIV, a murine HIV challenge model, in peritoneal macrophages, splenocytes and blood compared compared with wt-HRV-A1/pVAX vaccination or administration of 3 ID doses of pVAX-Gag-Tat (3X pVAX-Gag-Tat vaccination). These data provide the first evidence that a rHRV-DNA vaccination regimen can induce HIV-specific immune responses in the gut, vaginal mucosa and systemically, and supports further testing of this regimen in the development of an effective mucosally-targeted HIV-1 vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Tomusange
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Danushka Wijesundara
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Gummow
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steve Wesselingh
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eric J Gowans
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Virology Laboratory, Basil Hetzel Institute, Discipline of Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fuchs SP, Desrosiers RC. Promise and problems associated with the use of recombinant AAV for the delivery of anti-HIV antibodies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16068. [PMID: 28197421 PMCID: PMC5289440 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attempts to elicit antibodies with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates have so far proven unsuccessful. Long-term delivery of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with such activity is a creative alternative that circumvents the need for an immune response and has the potential for creating a long-lasting sterilizing barrier against HIV. This approach is made possible by an incredible array of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that have been identified over the last several years. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors are ideally suited for long-term delivery for a variety of reasons. The only products made from rAAV are derived from the transgenes that are put into it; as long as those products are not viewed as foreign, expression from muscle tissue may continue for decades. Thus, use of rAAV to achieve long-term delivery of anti-HIV mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against a broad range of HIV-1 isolates is emerging as a promising concept for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection in humans. Experiments in mice and monkeys that have demonstrated protective efficacy against AIDS virus infection have raised hopes for the promise of this approach. However, all published experiments in monkeys have encountered unwanted immune responses to the AAV-delivered antibody, and these immune responses appear to limit the levels of delivered antibody that can be achieved. In this review, we highlight the promise of rAAV-mediated antibody delivery for the prevention or treatment of HIV infection in humans, but we also discuss the obstacles that will need to be understood and solved in order for the promise of this approach to be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Fuchs
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|