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Hoshi O, Takei N. Ribosomal Protein Dynamics and Its Association with Actin Filaments and Local Translation in Axonal Growth Cones of Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04195-9. [PMID: 38976155 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Local translation in growth cones plays a critical role in responses to extracellular stimuli, such as axon guidance cues. We previously showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor activates translation and enhances novel protein synthesis through the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in growth cones of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In this study, we focused on 40S ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), 60S ribosomal protein P0/1/2 (RPP0/1/2), and actin filaments to determine how localization of ribosomal proteins changes with overall protein synthesis induced by neurotrophins. Our quantitative analysis using immunocytochemistry and super-resolution microscopy indicated that RPS6, RPP0/1/2, and actin tend to colocalize in the absence of stimulation, and that these ribosomal proteins tend to dissociate from actin and associate with each other when local protein synthesis is enhanced. We propose that this is because stimulation causes ribosomal subunits to associate with each other to form actively translating ribosomes (polysomes). This study further clarifies the role of cytoskeletal components in local translation in growth cones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Hoshi
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Takei
- Department of Brain Tumor Biology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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2
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Grosshans D, Thomas R, Zhang D, Cronkite C, Thomas R, Singh S, Bronk L, Morales R, Duman J. Subcellular functions of tau mediates repair response and synaptic homeostasis in injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3897741. [PMID: 38464175 PMCID: PMC10925419 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3897741/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Injury responses in terminally differentiated cells such as neurons is tightly regulated by pathways aiding homeostatic maintenance. Cancer patients subjected to neuronal injury in brain radiation experience cognitive declines similar to those seen in primary neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have investigated the effect of radiation in proliferating cells of the brain, yet the impact in differentiated, post-mitotic neurons, especially the structural and functional alterations remain largely elusive. We identified that microtubule-associated tau is a critical player in neuronal injury response via compartmentalized functions in both repair-centric and synaptic regulatory pathways. Ionizing radiation-induced injury acutely induces increase in phosphorylated tau in the nucleus and directly interacts with histone 2AX (H2AX), a DNA damage repair (DDR) marker. Loss of tau significantly reduced H2AX after irradiation, indicating that tau may play an important role in neuronal DDR response. We also observed that loss of tau increases eukaryotic elongation factor levels after irradiation, the latter being a positive regulator of protein translation. This cascades into a significant increase in synaptic proteins, resulting in disrupted homeostasis. Consequently, novel object recognition test showed decrease in learning and memory in tau-knockout mice after irradiation, and electroencephalographic activity showed increase in delta and theta band oscillations, often seen in dementia patients. Our findings demonstrate tau's previously undefined, multifunctional role in acute responses to injury, ranging from DDR response in the nucleus to synaptic function within a neuron. Such knowledge is vital to develop therapeutic strategies targeting neuronal injury in cognitive decline for at risk and vulnerable populations.
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He LW, Guo XJ, Zhao C, Rao JS. Rehabilitation Training after Spinal Cord Injury Affects Brain Structure and Function: From Mechanisms to Methods. Biomedicines 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 38255148 PMCID: PMC10813763 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological insult that disrupts the ascending and descending neural pathways between the peripheral nerves and the brain, leading to not only functional deficits in the injured area and below the level of the lesion but also morphological, structural, and functional reorganization of the brain. These changes introduce new challenges and uncertainties into the treatment of SCI. Rehabilitation training, a clinical intervention designed to promote functional recovery after spinal cord and brain injuries, has been reported to promote activation and functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex through multiple physiological mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the potential mechanisms of exercise that affect the brain structure and function, as well as the rehabilitation training process for the brain after SCI. Additionally, we compare and discuss the principles, effects, and future directions of several rehabilitation training methods that facilitate cerebral cortex activation and recovery after SCI. Understanding the regulatory role of rehabilitation training at the supraspinal center is of great significance for clinicians to develop SCI treatment strategies and optimize rehabilitation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Wei He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
| | - Can Zhao
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
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Barber KR, Vizcarra VS, Zilch A, Majuta L, Diezel CC, Culver OP, Hughes BW, Taniguchi M, Streicher JM, Vanderah TW, Riegel AC. The Role of Ryanodine Receptor 2 in Drug-Associated Learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560743. [PMID: 37873212 PMCID: PMC10592901 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) ion channels facilitate the release of Ca 2+ from stores and serve an important function in neuroplasticity. The role for RyR2 in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory is well established and chronic hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 (RyR2P) is associated with pathological calcium leakage and cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. By comparison, little is known about the role of RyR2 in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) circuitry important for working memory, decision making, and reward seeking. Here, we evaluated the basal expression and localization of RyR2 and RyR2P in the vmPFC. Next, we employed an operant model of sucrose, cocaine, or morphine self-administration (SA) followed by a (reward-free) recall test, to reengage vmPFC neurons and reactivate reward-seeking and re-evaluated the expression and localization of RyR2 and RyR2P in vmPFC. Under basal conditions, RyR2 was expressed in pyramidal cells but not regularly detected in PV/SST interneurons. On the contrary, RyR2P was rarely observed in PFC somata and was restricted to a different subcompartment of the same neuron - the apical dendrites of layer-5 pyramidal cells. Chronic SA of drug (cocaine or morphine) and nondrug (sucrose) rewards produced comparable increases in RyR2 protein expression. However, recalling either drug reward impaired the usual localization of RyR2P in dendrites and markedly increased its expression in somata immunoreactive for Fos, a marker of highly activated neurons. These effects could not be explained by chronic stress or drug withdrawal and instead appeared to require a recall experience associated with prior drug SA. In addition to showing the differential distribution of RyR2/RyR2P and affirming the general role of vmPFC in reward learning, this study provides information on the propensity of addictive drugs to redistribute RyR2P ion channels in a neuronal population engaged in drug-seeking. Hence, focusing on the early impact of addictive drugs on RyR2 function may serve as a promising approach to finding a treatment for substance use disorders.
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Georgiev SV, Rizzoli SO. The long-loop recycling (LLR) of synaptic components as a question of economics. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103862. [PMID: 37236414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The pre- and post-synaptic compartments contain a variety of molecules that are known to recycle between the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. The recycling steps have been amply described in functional terms, with, for example, synaptic vesicle recycling being essential for neurotransmitter release, and postsynaptic receptor recycling being a fundamental feature of synaptic plasticity. However, synaptic protein recycling may also serve a more prosaic role, simply ensuring the repeated use of specific components, thereby minimizing the energy expenditure on the synthesis of synaptic proteins. This type of process has been recently described for components of the extracellular matrix, which undergo long-loop recycling (LLR), to and from the cell body. Here we suggest that the energy-saving recycling of synaptic components may be more widespread than is generally acknowledged, potentially playing a role in both synaptic vesicle protein usage and postsynaptic receptor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svilen Veselinov Georgiev
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Neuroscience, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute for Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, Germany; Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN) Center, Göttingen, Germany; Excellence Cluster Multiscale Bioimaging, Göttingen, Germany.
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Naskar A, Nayak A, Salaikumaran MR, Vishal SS, Gopal PP. Phase separation and pathologic transitions of RNP condensates in neurons: implications for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1242925. [PMID: 37720552 PMCID: PMC10502346 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1242925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation results in the formation of dynamic biomolecular condensates, also known as membrane-less organelles, that allow for the assembly of functional compartments and higher order structures within cells. Multivalent, reversible interactions between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including FUS, TDP-43, and hnRNPA1, and/or RNA (e.g., RBP-RBP, RBP-RNA, RNA-RNA), result in the formation of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates, which are critical for RNA processing, mRNA transport, stability, stress granule assembly, and translation. Stress granules, neuronal transport granules, and processing bodies are examples of cytoplasmic RNP condensates, while the nucleolus and Cajal bodies are representative nuclear RNP condensates. In neurons, RNP condensates promote long-range mRNA transport and local translation in the dendrites and axon, and are essential for spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression, axonal integrity and synaptic function. Mutations of RBPs and/or pathologic mislocalization and aggregation of RBPs are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Alzheimer's disease. ALS/FTD-linked mutations of RBPs alter the strength and reversibility of multivalent interactions with other RBPs and RNAs, resulting in aberrant phase transitions. These aberrant RNP condensates have detrimental functional consequences on mRNA stability, localization, and translation, and ultimately lead to compromised axonal integrity and synaptic function in disease. Pathogenic protein aggregation is dependent on various factors, and aberrant dynamically arrested RNP condensates may serve as an initial nucleation step for pathologic aggregate formation. Recent studies have focused on identifying mechanisms by which neurons resolve phase transitioned condensates to prevent the formation of pathogenic inclusions/aggregates. The present review focuses on the phase separation of neurodegenerative disease-linked RBPs, physiological functions of RNP condensates, and the pathologic role of aberrant phase transitions in neurodegenerative disease, particularly ALS/FTD. We also examine cellular mechanisms that contribute to the resolution of aberrant condensates in neurons, and potential therapeutic approaches to resolve aberrantly phase transitioned condensates at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Naskar
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Asima Nayak
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Sonali S. Vishal
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pallavi P. Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Huang S, Li Y, Shen J, Liang W, Li C. Identification of a diagnostic model and molecular subtypes of major depressive disorder based on endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1168516. [PMID: 37649561 PMCID: PMC10464956 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1168516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subject Major depressive disorder (MDD) negatively affects patients' behaviours and daily lives. Due to the high heterogeneity and complex pathological features of MDD, its diagnosis remains challenging. Evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in the pathogenesis of MDD; however, relevant diagnostic markers have not been well studied. This study aimed to screen for ERS genes with potential diagnostic value in MDD. Methods Gene expression data on MDD samples were downloaded from the GEO database, and ERS-related genes were obtained from the GeneCards and MSigDB databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MDD patients and healthy subjects were identified and then integrated with ERS genes. ERS diagnostic model and nomogram were developed based on biomarkers screened using the LASSO method. The diagnostic performance of this model was evaluated. ERS-associated subtypes were identified. CIBERSORT and GSEA were used to explore the differences between the different subtypes. Finally, WGCNA was performed to identify hub genes related to the subtypes. Results A diagnostic model was developed based on seven ERS genes: KCNE1, PDIA4, STAU1, TMED4, MGST1, RCN1, and SHC1. The validation analysis showed that this model had a good diagnostic performance. KCNE1 expression was positively correlated with M0 macrophages and negatively correlated with resting CD4+ memory T cells. Two subtypes (SubA and SubB) were identified, and these two subtypes showed different ER score. The SubB group showed higher immune infiltration than the SubA group. Finally, NCF4, NCF2, CSF3R, and FPR2 were identified as hub genes associated with ERS molecular subtypes. Conclusion Our current study provides novel diagnostic biomarkers for MDD from an ERS perspective, and these findings further facilitate the use of precision medicine in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Huang
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianying Shen
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenna Liang
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Candong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- FuJian Key Laboratory of TCM Health State, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- LI Candong Qihuang Scholar Studio, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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8
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Dong S, Feng Z, Ma R, Zhang T, Jiang J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu X, Liu X, Meng H. Engineered Design of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Based Nanocarrier for Efficient mRNA Delivery in Vivo. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2137-2147. [PMID: 36881967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed tailor-designed mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) specifically for delivering mRNA. Our unique assembly protocol involves premixing mRNA with a cationic polymer and then electrostatically binding it to the MSNP surface. Since the key physicochemical parameters of MSNPs could influence the biological outcome, we also investigated the roles of size, porosity, surface topology, and aspect ratio on the mRNA delivery. These efforts allow us to identify the best-performing carrier, which was able to achieve efficient cellular uptake and intracellular escape while delivering a luciferase mRNA in mice. The optimized carrier remained stable and active for at least 7 days after being stored at 4 °C and was able to enable tissue-specific mRNA expression, particularly in the pancreas and mesentery after intraperitoneal injection. The optimized carrier was further manufactured in a larger batch size and found to be equally efficient in delivering mRNA in mice and rats, without any obvious toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Zhenhan Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runpu Ma
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yibo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Silu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Shimada T, Yamagata K. Spine morphogenesis and synapse formation in tubular sclerosis complex models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019343. [PMID: 36606143 PMCID: PMC9807618 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by mutations in the Tsc1 or Tsc2 genes, whose products form a complex and inactivate the small G-protein Rheb1. The activation of Rheb1 may cause refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism, which are the major neuropsychiatric manifestations of TSC. Abnormalities in dendritic spines and altered synaptic structure are hallmarks of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. In addition, spine dysmorphology and aberrant synapse formation are observed in TSC animal models. Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of spine morphology and synapse formation in neurons to identify therapeutic targets for TSC. In this review, we focus on the representative proteins regulated by Rheb1 activity, mTORC1 and syntenin, which are pivotal downstream factors of Rheb1 in the alteration of spine formation and synapse function in TSC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Shimada
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Tadayuki Shimada,
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Takada Nishishiro Hospital, Niigata, Japan,Kanato Yamagata,
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Orlova VA, Mikhailova II, Zinserling VA. Infections and schizophrenia. JOURNAL INFECTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22625/2072-6732-2022-14-3-105-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a critical review of the literature, demonstrating a certain pathogenetic role of various infections, primarily viruses from the herpes and chlamydia groups, in the development and progression of schizophrenia, including published results of the authors’ own long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Orlova
- Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums named after I.I. Mechnikov
| | - I. I. Mikhailova
- Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums named after I.I. Mechnikov
| | - V. A. Zinserling
- National Medical Research Centre named after V.A. Almazov; Clinical Infectious Hospital named after S.P. Botkin
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11
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Chan JNM, Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Li Y, Benson Wui-Man L. RNA-binding protein signaling in adult neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:982549. [PMID: 36187492 PMCID: PMC9523427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.982549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of neurogenesis in the brain, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation, results in the formation of new functional neurons. During embryonic development, neurogenesis is crucial to produce neurons to establish the nervous system, but the process persists in certain brain regions during adulthood. In adult neurogenesis, the production of new neurons in the hippocampus is accomplished via the division of neural stem cells. Neurogenesis is regulated by multiple factors, including gene expression at a temporal scale and post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding Proteins (RBPs) are known as proteins that bind to either double- or single-stranded RNA in cells and form ribonucleoprotein complexes. The involvement of RBPs in neurogenesis is crucial for modulating gene expression changes and posttranscriptional processes. Since neurogenesis affects learning and memory, RBPs are closely associated with cognitive functions and emotions. However, the pathways of each RBP in adult neurogenesis remain elusive and not clear. In this review, we specifically summarize the involvement of several RBPs in adult neurogenesis, including CPEB3, FXR2, FMRP, HuR, HuD, Lin28, Msi1, Sam68, Stau1, Smaug2, and SOX2. To understand the role of these RBPs in neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and maturation as well as posttranscriptional gene expression, we discussed the protein family, structure, expression, functional domain, and region of action. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the RBPs, their function, and their role in the process of adult neurogenesis as well as to identify possible research directions on RBPs and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lau Benson Wui-Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Lau Benson Wui-Man,
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12
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Lai Q, Li W, Wang H, Xu S, Deng Z. Emerging role of circRNAs in cancer under hypoxia (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:372. [PMID: 36238836 PMCID: PMC9494632 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA), a recently identified type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), forms a covalently closed loop with neither a 5′ cap structure nor a 3′ polyadenylated tail. Due to their lack of free ends, circRNAs are not easily cleaved by RNase R, thus avoiding degradation and being more stable than linear RNAs. Recent studies have suggested that circRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by acting as microRNAs sponges, RNA binding protein sponges and translational regulators. Currently, circRNAs are hot research topics due to their close association with the development of cancer and other diseases. Hypoxia is the most common microenvironment during tumor growth, and hypoxia-inducible factors have different effects on tumor growth and influence important cancer characteristics, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, vascularization/angiogenesis, genetic instability, tumor metabolism, tumor immune response, invasion and metastasis. The present review aimed to study the biogenesis and mechanisms of gene regulation of circRNAs in hypoxia, to summarize the latest studies on circRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in hypoxia, and to understand the role of circRNAs in the process of tumor drug resistance under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Hongping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Siran Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, P.R. China
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13
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Murakami K, Ono K. Interactions of amyloid coaggregates with biomolecules and its relevance to neurodegeneration. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22493. [PMID: 35971743 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a pathological hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In these diseases, oligomeric intermediates or toxic aggregates of amyloids cause neuronal damage and degeneration. Despite the substantial effort made over recent decades to implement therapeutic interventions, these neurodegenerative diseases are not yet understood at the molecular level. In many cases, multiple disease-causing amyloids overlap in a sole pathological feature or a sole disease-causing amyloid represents multiple pathological features. Various amyloid pathologies can coexist in the same brain with or without clinical presentation and may even occur in individuals without disease. From sparse data, speculation has arisen regarding the coaggregation of amyloids with disparate amyloid species and other biomolecules, which are the same characteristics that make diagnostics and drug development challenging. However, advances in research related to biomolecular condensates and structural analysis have been used to overcome some of these challenges. Considering the development of these resources and techniques, herein we review the cross-seeding of amyloidosis, for example, involving the amyloids amyloid β, tau, α-synuclein, and human islet amyloid polypeptide, and their cross-inhibition by transthyretin and BRICHOS. The interplay of nucleic acid-binding proteins, such as prions, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma/translated in liposarcoma, and fragile X mental retardation polyglycine, with nucleic acids in the pathology of neurodegeneration are also described, and we thereby highlight the potential clinical applications in central nervous system therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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14
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Kipper K, Mansour A, Pulk A. Neuronal RNA granules are ribosome complexes stalled at the pre-translocation state. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167801. [PMID: 36038000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The polarized cell morphology of neurons dictates many neuronal processes, including the axodendridic transport of specific mRNAs and subsequent translation. mRNAs together with ribosomes and RNA-binding proteins form RNA granules that are targeted to axodendrites for localized translation in neurons. It has been established that localized protein synthesis in neurons is essential for long-term memory formation, synaptic plasticity, and neurodegeneration. We have used proteomics and electron microscopy to characterize neuronal RNA granules (nRNAg) isolated from rat brain tissues or human neuroblastoma. We show that ribosome containing RNA granules are morula-like structures when visualized by electron microscopy. Crosslinking-coupled mass-spectrometry identified potential G3BP2 binding site on the ribosome near the eIF3d-binding site on the 40S ribosomal subunit. We used cryo-EM to resolve the structure of the ribosome-component of nRNAg. The cryo-EM reveals that predominant particles in nRNAg are 80S ribosomes, resembling the pre-translocation state where tRNA's are in the hybrid A/P and P/E site. We also describe a new kind of principal motion of the ribosome, which we call the rocking motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalle Kipper
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Abbas Mansour
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Arto Pulk
- Structural Biology Unit, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
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15
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Wei A, Wang L. Prediction of Synaptically Localized RNAs in Human Neurons Using Developmental Brain Gene Expression Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081488. [PMID: 36011399 PMCID: PMC9408096 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nervous system, synapses are special and pervasive structures between axonal and dendritic terminals, which facilitate electrical and chemical communications among neurons. Extensive studies have been conducted in mice and rats to explore the RNA pool at synapses and investigate RNA transport, local protein synthesis, and synaptic plasticity. However, owing to the experimental difficulties of studying human synaptic transcriptomes, the full pool of human synaptic RNAs remains largely unclear. We developed a new machine learning method, called PredSynRNA, to predict the synaptic localization of human RNAs. Training instances of dendritically localized RNAs were compiled from previous rodent studies, overcoming the shortage of empirical instances of human synaptic RNAs. Using RNA sequence and gene expression data as features, various models with different learning algorithms were constructed and evaluated. Strikingly, the models using the developmental brain gene expression features achieved superior performance for predicting synaptically localized RNAs. We examined the relevant expression features learned by PredSynRNA and used an independent test dataset to further validate the model performance. PredSynRNA models were then applied to the prediction and prioritization of candidate RNAs localized to human synapses, providing valuable targets for experimental investigations into neuronal mechanisms and brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wei
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Liangjiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-864-656-0733
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16
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Early Changes in Transcriptomic Profiles in Synaptodendrosomes Reveal Aberrant Synaptic Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168888. [PMID: 36012153 PMCID: PMC9408306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, and is closely associated with the dysfunction of synapses, which comprise the basic structure that mediates the communication between neurons. Although the protein architecture and machinery for protein translation at synapses are extensively studied, the impact that local changes in the mRNA reservoir have on AD progression is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the changes in transcriptomic profiles in the synaptodendrosomes purified from the cortices of AD mice at ages 3 and 6 months, a stage when early signatures of synaptic dysfunction are revealed. The transcriptomic profiles of synaptodendrosomes showed a greater number of localized differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 6-month-old AD mice compared with mice 3 months of age. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that these DEGs are majorly enriched in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic activity. More specifically, we further identified three representative DEGs in mitochondrial and metabolic pathways—Prnp, Cst3, and Cox6c—that regulate the dendritic spine density and morphology in neurons. Taken together, this study provides insights into the transcriptomic changes in synaptodendrosomes during AD progression, which may facilitate the development of intervention strategies targeting local translation to ameliorate the pathological progression of AD.
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17
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Asim MN, Ibrahim MA, Imran Malik M, Dengel A, Ahmed S. Circ-LocNet: A Computational Framework for Circular RNA Sub-Cellular Localization Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158221. [PMID: 35897818 PMCID: PMC9329987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs that emanate from alternative splicing of precursor mRNA in reversed order across exons. Despite the abundant presence of circRNAs in human genes and their involvement in diverse physiological processes, the functionality of most circRNAs remains a mystery. Like other non-coding RNAs, sub-cellular localization knowledge of circRNAs has the aptitude to demystify the influence of circRNAs on protein synthesis, degradation, destination, their association with different diseases, and potential for drug development. To date, wet experimental approaches are being used to detect sub-cellular locations of circular RNAs. These approaches help to elucidate the role of circRNAs as protein scaffolds, RNA-binding protein (RBP) sponges, micro-RNA (miRNA) sponges, parental gene expression modifiers, alternative splicing regulators, and transcription regulators. To complement wet-lab experiments, considering the progress made by machine learning approaches for the determination of sub-cellular localization of other non-coding RNAs, the paper in hand develops a computational framework, Circ-LocNet, to precisely detect circRNA sub-cellular localization. Circ-LocNet performs comprehensive extrinsic evaluation of 7 residue frequency-based, residue order and frequency-based, and physio-chemical property-based sequence descriptors using the five most widely used machine learning classifiers. Further, it explores the performance impact of K-order sequence descriptor fusion where it ensembles similar as well dissimilar genres of statistical representation learning approaches to reap the combined benefits. Considering the diversity of statistical representation learning schemes, it assesses the performance of second-order, third-order, and going all the way up to seventh-order sequence descriptor fusion. A comprehensive empirical evaluation of Circ-LocNet over a newly developed benchmark dataset using different settings reveals that standalone residue frequency-based sequence descriptors and tree-based classifiers are more suitable to predict sub-cellular localization of circular RNAs. Further, K-order heterogeneous sequence descriptors fusion in combination with tree-based classifiers most accurately predict sub-cellular localization of circular RNAs. We anticipate this study will act as a rich baseline and push the development of robust computational methodologies for the accurate sub-cellular localization determination of novel circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabeel Asim
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Ali Ibrahim
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- School of Computer Science & Electrical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Andreas Dengel
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- DeepReader GmbH, Trippstadter Str. 122, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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18
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Mehterov N, Minchev D, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Interactions Among Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neuroimmune Pathways Are Key Components of the Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4926-4952. [PMID: 35657457 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the reciprocal associations between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and immune-inflammatory pathways and how these links may explain the involvement of this neurotrophin in the immune pathophysiology of mood disorders and schizophrenia. Toward this end, we delineated the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network centered around BDNF and searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct for papers dealing with the involvement of BDNF in the major psychosis, neurodevelopment, neuronal functions, and immune-inflammatory and related pathways. The PPI network was built based on the significant interactions of BDNF with neurotrophic (NTRK2, NTF4, and NGFR), immune (cytokines, STAT3, TRAF6), and cell-cell junction (CTNNB, CDH1) DEPs (differentially expressed proteins). Enrichment analysis shows that the most significant terms associated with this PPI network are the tyrosine kinase receptor (TRKR) and Src homology region two domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP2) pathways, tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathways, positive regulation of kinase and transferase activity, cytokine signaling, and negative regulation of the immune response. The participation of BDNF in the immune response and its interactions with neuroprotective and cell-cell adhesion DEPs is probably a conserved regulatory process which protects against the many detrimental effects of immune activation and hyperinflammation including neurotoxicity. Lowered BDNF levels in mood disorders and schizophrenia (a) are associated with disruptions in neurotrophic signaling and activated immune-inflammatory pathways leading to neurotoxicity and (b) may interact with the reduced expression of other DEPs (CTNNB1, CDH1, or DISC1) leading to multiple aberrations in synapse and axonal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Danail Minchev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Gevezova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Michael Maes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Li H, Gavis ER. The Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein modulates the neuronal cytoskeleton to limit dendritic arborization. Development 2022; 149:275257. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Dendritic arbor development is a complex, highly regulated process. Post-transcriptional regulation mediated by RNA-binding proteins plays an important role in neuronal dendrite morphogenesis by delivering on-site, on-demand protein synthesis. Here, we show how the Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), a conserved RNA-binding protein, limits dendrite branching to ensure proper neuronal function during larval sensory neuron development. FMRP knockdown causes increased dendritic terminal branch growth and a resulting overelaboration defect due, in part, to altered microtubule stability and dynamics. FMRP also controls dendrite outgrowth by regulating the Drosophila profilin homolog chickadee (chic). FMRP colocalizes with chic mRNA in dendritic granules and regulates its dendritic localization and protein expression. Whereas RNA-binding domains KH1 and KH2 are both crucial for FMRP-mediated dendritic regulation, KH2 specifically is required for FMRP granule formation and chic mRNA association, suggesting a link between dendritic FMRP granules and FMRP function in dendrite elaboration. Our studies implicate FMRP-mediated modulation of both the neuronal microtubule and actin cytoskeletons in multidendritic neuronal architecture, and provide molecular insight into FMRP granule formation and its relevance to FMRP function in dendritic patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Gavis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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20
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Dendritic distribution of CDK5 mRNA and p35 mRNA, and a glutamate-responsive increase of CDK5/p25 complex contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Tazerart S, Blanchard MG, Miranda-Rottmann S, Mitchell DE, Navea Pina B, Thomas CI, Kamasawa N, Araya R. Selective activation of BK channels in small-headed dendritic spines suppresses excitatory postsynaptic potentials. J Physiol 2022; 600:2165-2187. [PMID: 35194785 DOI: 10.1113/jp282303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are the main receptacles of excitatory information in the brain. Their particular morphology, with a small head connected to the dendrite by a slender neck, has inspired theoretical and experimental work to understand how these structural features affect the processing, storage and integration of synaptic inputs in pyramidal neurons (PNs). The activation of glutamate receptors in spines triggers a large voltage change as well as calcium signals at the spine head. Thus, voltage-gated and calcium-activated potassium channels located in the spine head likely play a key role in synaptic transmission. Here we study the presence and function of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels in spines from layer 5 PNs. We found that BK channels are localized to dendrites and spines regardless of their size, but their activity can only be detected in spines with small head volumes (≤0.09 μm3 ), which reduces the amplitude of two-photon uncaging excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded at the soma. In addition, we found that calcium signals in spines with small head volumes are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes. In accordance with our experimental data, numerical simulations predict that synaptic inputs impinging onto spines with small head volumes generate voltage responses and calcium signals within the spine head itself that are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes, which are sufficient to activate spine BK channels. These results show that BK channels are selectively activated in small-headed spines, suggesting a new level of dendritic spine-mediated regulation of synaptic processing, integration and plasticity in cortical PNs. KEY POINTS: BK channels are expressed in the visual cortex and layer 5 pyramidal neuron somata, dendrites and spines regardless of their size. BK channels are selectively activated in small-headed spines (≤0.09 μm3 ), which reduces the amplitude of two-photon (2P) uncaging excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) recorded at the soma. Two-photon imaging revealed that intracellular calcium responses in the head of 2P-activated spines are significantly larger in small-headed spines (≤0.09 μm3 ) than in spines with larger head volumes. In accordance with our experimental data, numerical simulations showed that synaptic inputs impinging onto spines with small head volumes (≤0.09 μm3 ) generate voltage responses and calcium signals within the spine head itself that are significantly larger than those observed in spines with larger head volumes, sufficient to activate spine BK channels and suppress EPSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Tazerart
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maxime G Blanchard
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Soledad Miranda-Rottmann
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Diana E Mitchell
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bruno Navea Pina
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
| | - Connon I Thomas
- The Imaging Center and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- The Imaging Center and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Roberto Araya
- Département de Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,The CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Canada
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22
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Prelimbic cortex miR-34a contributes to (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine-mediated antidepressant-relevant actions. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Beamish SB, Frick KM. A Putative Role for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Signaling in Estrogenic Memory Regulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:807215. [PMID: 35145382 PMCID: PMC8821141 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.807215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (E2) are critical neuromodulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory in both males and females. However, the mechanisms through which E2 regulates memory formation in both sexes remain unclear. Research to date suggests that E2 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory by activating numerous cell-signaling cascades to promote the synthesis of proteins that support structural changes at hippocampal synapses. However, this work has largely overlooked the equally important contributions of protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in remodeling the synapse. Despite being critically implicated in synaptic plasticity and successful formation of long-term memories, it remains unclear whether protein degradation mediated by the UPS is necessary for E2 to exert its beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and memory formation. The present article provides an overview of the receptor and signaling mechanisms so far identified as critical for regulating hippocampal E2 and UPS function in males and females, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which these mechanisms overlap to support structural integrity and protein composition of hippocampal synapses. We argue that the high degree of correspondence between E2 and UPS activity warrants additional study to examine the contributions of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in regulating the effects of sex steroid hormones on cognition.
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24
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Larizza L, Calzari L, Alari V, Russo S. Genes for RNA-binding proteins involved in neural-specific functions and diseases are downregulated in Rubinstein-Taybi iNeurons. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:5-14. [PMID: 34100419 PMCID: PMC8451555 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking advantage of the fast-growing knowledge of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) we review the signature of downregulated genes for RBPs in the transcriptome of induced pluripotent stem cell neurons (iNeurons) modelling the neurodevelopmental Rubinstein Taybi Syndrome (RSTS) caused by mutations in the genes encoding CBP/p300 acetyltransferases. We discuss top and functionally connected downregulated genes sorted to “RNA processing” and “Ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis” Gene Ontology clusters. The first set of downregulated RBPs includes members of hnRNHP (A1, A2B1, D, G, H2-H1, MAGOHB, PAPBC), core subunits of U small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and Serine-Arginine splicing regulators families, acting in precursor messenger RNA alternative splicing and processing. Consistent with literature findings on reduced transcript levels of serine/arginine repetitive matrix 4 (SRRM4) protein, the main regulator of the neural-specific microexons splicing program upon depletion of Ep300 and Crebbp in mouse neurons, RSTS iNeurons show downregulated genes for proteins impacting this network. We link downregulated genes to neurological disorders including the new HNRNPH1-related intellectual disability syndrome with clinical overlap to RSTS. The set of downregulated genes for Ribosome biogenesis includes several components of ribosomal subunits and nucleolar proteins, such NOP58 and fibrillarin that form complexes with snoRNAs with a central role in guiding post-transcriptional modifications needed for rRNA maturation. These nucleolar proteins are “dual” players as fibrillarin is also required for epigenetic regulation of ribosomal genes and conversely NOP58-associated snoRNA levels are under the control of NOP58 interactor BMAL1, a transcriptional regulator of the circadian rhythm. Additional downregulated genes for “dual specificity” RBPs such as RUVBL1 and METTL1 highlight the links between chromatin and the RBP-ome and the contribution of perturbations in their cross-talk to RSTS. We underline the hub position of CBP/p300 in chromatin regulation, the impact of its defect on neurons’ post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and the potential use of epidrugs in therapeutics of RBP-caused neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Larizza
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luciano Calzari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Alari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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25
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Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
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26
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Vedeler A, Bramham CR. Editorial: Coordination of mRNA Transport and Translation With Vesicle and Organelle Trafficking and Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:800136. [PMID: 34869394 PMCID: PMC8637632 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Clive R Bramham
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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27
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Reyes-Resina I, Samer S, Kreutz MR, Oelschlegel AM. Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Consolidation That Operate During Sleep. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:767384. [PMID: 34867190 PMCID: PMC8636908 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.767384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of sleep for brain function has been in the focus of interest for many years. It is now firmly established that sleep and the corresponding brain activity is of central importance for memory consolidation. Less clear are the underlying molecular mechanisms and their specific contribution to the formation of long-term memory. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of such mechanisms and we discuss the several unknowns that hinder a deeper appreciation of how molecular mechanisms of memory consolidation during sleep impact synaptic function and engram formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reyes-Resina
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Samer
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael R Kreutz
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Group 'Dendritic Organelles and Synaptic Function', Center for Molecular Neurobiology, ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Research Group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Fan R, Lai KO. Understanding how kinesin motor proteins regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. FEBS J 2021; 289:2128-2144. [PMID: 34796656 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are major molecular motors that transport diverse set of cargoes along microtubules to both the axon and dendrite of a neuron. Much of our knowledge about kinesin function is obtained from studies on axonal transport. Emerging evidence reveals how specific kinesin motor proteins carry cargoes to dendrites, including proteins, mRNAs and organelles that are crucial for synapse development and plasticity. In this review, we will summarize the major kinesin motors and their associated cargoes that have been characterized to regulate postsynaptic function in neuron. We will also discuss how specific kinesins are selectively involved in the development of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic compartments, their regulation by post-translational modifications (PTM), as well as their roles beyond conventional transport carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolin Fan
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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29
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Lai Q, Wang M, Hu C, Tang Y, Li Y, Hao S. Circular RNA regulates the onset and progression of cancer through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:817. [PMID: 34671431 PMCID: PMC8503804 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide is a major challenge for public health providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic methods. Circular RNA (circRNA) is characterized by a stable structure and tissue-specific expression; these features are useful in medical research and clinical applications. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, the potential use of circRNA in cancer prognosis and treatment has been extensively explored. Abnormal circRNA expression interferes with specific signaling pathways such as the MAPK pathway; this phenomenon may provide potential diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic targets. The present article discusses the research progress on the regulatory roles of MAPK/ERK pathway-related circRNA molecules in the development and progression of different types of tumors. This review may provide insight into the development of circRNA-based cancer management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Lai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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30
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Spendier K, Olesnicky EC, Forand D, Wolf M, Killian DJ. CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to motile particles within dendrites in C. elegans PVD sensory neurons. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:311. [PMID: 34391474 PMCID: PMC8364092 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are important regulators of gene expression that influence mRNA splicing, stability, localization, transport, and translational control. In particular, RBPs play an important role in neurons, which have a complex morphology. Previously, we showed that there are many RBPs that play a conserved role in dendrite development in Drosophila dendritic arborization neurons and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) PVD neurons including the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding proteins (CPEBs), Orb in Drosophila and CPB-3 in C. elegans, and the DEAD box RNA helicases, Me31B in Drosophila and CGH-1 in C. elegans. During these studies, we observed that fluorescently-labeled CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to cytoplasmic particles that are motile, and our research aims to further characterize these RBP-containing particles in live neurons. RESULTS Here we extend on previous work to show that CPB-3 and CGH-1 localize to motile particles within dendrites that move at a speed consistent with microtubule-based transport. This is consistent with a model in which CPB-3 and CGH-1 influence dendrite development through the transport and localization of their mRNA targets. Moreover, CPB-3 and CGH-1 rarely localize to the same particles suggesting that these RBPs function in discrete ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that may regulate distinct mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Spendier
- Physics Department and Center for the Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Eugenia C Olesnicky
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA.
| | - Daniel Forand
- Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, 80918, USA
| | - Margaret Wolf
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA
| | - Darrell J Killian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO, 80903, USA.
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31
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Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Embaye KS, Wang X, Zhu F. The Implication of STEP in Synaptic Plasticity and Cognitive Impairments in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680118. [PMID: 34195199 PMCID: PMC8236946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) is a tyrosine phosphatase that has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, and many other neurological diseases. The protein level and activity of STEP have been found to be elevated in most of these disorders, and specifically in AD as a result of dysregulation of different pathways including PP2B/DARPP32/PP1, PKA as well as impairments of both proteasomal and lysosomal systems. The upregulation in STEP leads to increased binding to, and dephosphorylation of, its substrates which are mainly found to be synaptic plasticity and thus learning and memory related proteins. These proteins include kinases like Fyn, Pyk2, ERK1/2 and both NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits GluN2B and GluA2. The dephosphorylation of these molecules results in inactivation of these kinases and internalization of NMDA and AMPA receptor complexes leading to synapse loss and cognitive impairments. In this study, we aim to review STEP regulation and its implications in AD as well as other neurological disorders and then summarize data on targeting STEP as therapeutic strategy in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kidane Siele Embaye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Sheppard PAS, Asling HA, Walczyk-Mooradally A, Armstrong SE, Elad VM, Lalonde J, Choleris E. Protein synthesis and actin polymerization in the rapid effects of 17β-estradiol on short-term social memory and dendritic spine dynamics in female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105232. [PMID: 33892375 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens rapidly facilitate learning and memory, including social recognition - the ability of an animal to recognize another. In ovariectomized female mice, systemic or dorsal hippocampal administration of 17β-estradiol (E2) facilitates short-term social recognition memory within 40 min. Within the same timeframe, E2 increases dendritic spine density in CA1 dorsal hippocampal neurons of behavioural task-naïve mice and in hippocampal sections. Mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Estrogens rapidly modulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics through actin polymerization and the translation of key synaptic proteins. We first determined doses of actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin A (LAT) and protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin (ANI) that would block short-term social recognition memory when infused into the dorsal hippocampus of ovariectomized female mice 15 min prior to testing. The highest doses that did not block social recognition prevented the facilitating effects of E2, whereas DNA transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, could not block social recognition. As task performance may interfere with E2-facilitated increases in dendritic spine density, dendritic spine density and length were examined in task-performing and task-naïve mice. E2 increased dendritic spine density 15 but not 40 min following treatment, regardless of whether the animal had performed the social recognition task. This effect was blocked by LAT, but not ANI. Thus, both actin polymerization and protein synthesis are necessary for E2 to rapidly facilitate social recognition, whereas actin polymerization, but not protein synthesis, is required for the rapid increase in dendritic spine density brought on by E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A S Sheppard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Hayley A Asling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina E Armstrong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Vissy M Elad
- Department of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elena Choleris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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33
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Lashkevich KA, Dmitriev SE. mRNA Targeting, Transport and Local Translation in Eukaryotic Cells: From the Classical View to a Diversity of New Concepts. Mol Biol 2021; 55:507-537. [PMID: 34092811 PMCID: PMC8164833 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321030080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial organization of protein biosynthesis in the eukaryotic cell has been studied for more than fifty years, thus many facts have already been included in textbooks. According to the classical view, mRNA transcripts encoding secreted and transmembrane proteins are translated by ribosomes associated with endoplasmic reticulum membranes, while soluble cytoplasmic proteins are synthesized on free polysomes. However, in the last few years, new data has emerged, revealing selective translation of mRNA on mitochondria and plastids, in proximity to peroxisomes and endosomes, in various granules and at the cytoskeleton (actin network, vimentin intermediate filaments, microtubules and centrosomes). There are also long-standing debates about the possibility of protein synthesis in the nucleus. Localized translation can be determined by targeting signals in the synthesized protein, nucleotide sequences in the mRNA itself, or both. With RNA-binding proteins, many transcripts can be assembled into specific RNA condensates and form RNP particles, which may be transported by molecular motors to the sites of active translation, form granules and provoke liquid-liquid phase separation in the cytoplasm, both under normal conditions and during cell stress. The translation of some mRNAs occurs in specialized "translation factories," assemblysomes, transperons and other structures necessary for the correct folding of proteins, interaction with functional partners and formation of oligomeric complexes. Intracellular localization of mRNA has a significant impact on the efficiency of its translation and presumably determines its response to cellular stress. Compartmentalization of mRNAs and the translation machinery also plays an important role in viral infections. Many viruses provoke the formation of specific intracellular structures, virus factories, for the production of their proteins. Here we review the current concepts of the molecular mechanisms of transport, selective localization and local translation of cellular and viral mRNAs, their effects on protein targeting and topogenesis, and on the regulation of protein biosynthesis in different compartments of the eukaryotic cell. Special attention is paid to new systems biology approaches, providing new cues to the study of localized translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya A Lashkevich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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34
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Wahlstrom KL, Alvarez-Dieppa AC, McIntyre CK, LaLumiere RT. The medial entorhinal cortex mediates basolateral amygdala effects on spatial memory and downstream activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1172-1182. [PMID: 33007779 PMCID: PMC8115646 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) modulates the consolidation of dorsal hippocampus (DH)-dependent spatial and dorsolateral striatum (DLS)-dependent cued-response memories, often in competition with one another. Evidence suggests that a critical mechanism for BLA influences on memory consolidation is via effects on activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (ARC) in downstream brain regions. However, the circuitry by which the BLA modulates ARC in multiple competing memory systems remains unclear. Prior evidence indicates that optogenetic stimulation of BLA projections to the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) enhances the consolidation of spatial learning and impairs the consolidation of cued-response learning, suggesting this pathway provides a circuit for favoring one system over another. Therefore, we hypothesized the BLA-mEC pathway mediates effects on downstream ARC-based synaptic plasticity related to these competing memory systems. To address this, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent spatial or cued-response Barnes maze training and, 45 min later, were sacrificed for ARC analysis in synaptoneurosomes from the DH and DLS. Initial experiments found that spatial training alone increased ARC levels in the DH above those observed in control rats and rats that underwent a cued-response version of the task. Postspatial training optogenetic stimulation of the BLA-mEC pathway altered the balance of ARC expression in the DH vs. DLS, specifically shifting the balance in favor of the DH-based spatial memory system, although the precise region of ARC changes differed by sex. These findings suggest that BLA-mEC pathway influences on ARC in downstream regions are a mechanism by which the BLA can favor one memory system over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Wahlstrom
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Amanda C. Alvarez-Dieppa
- grid.267323.10000 0001 2151 7939School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - Christa K. McIntyre
- grid.267323.10000 0001 2151 7939School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas-Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA
| | - Ryan T. LaLumiere
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ,grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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35
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Grinman E, Nakahata Y, Avchalumov Y, Espadas I, Swarnkar S, Yasuda R, Puthanveettil SV. Activity-regulated synaptic targeting of lncRNA ADEPTR mediates structural plasticity by localizing Sptn1 and AnkB in dendrites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/16/eabf0605. [PMID: 33863727 PMCID: PMC8051873 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent structural plasticity at the synapse requires specific changes in the neuronal transcriptome. While much is known about the role of coding elements in this process, the role of the long noncoding transcriptome remains elusive. Here, we report the discovery of an intronic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-termed ADEPTR-that is up-regulated and synaptically transported in a cAMP/PKA-dependent manner in hippocampal neurons, independently of its protein-coding host gene. Loss of ADEPTR function suppresses activity-dependent changes in synaptic transmission and structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Mechanistically, dendritic localization of ADEPTR is mediated by molecular motor protein Kif2A. ADEPTR physically binds to actin-scaffolding regulators ankyrin (AnkB) and spectrin (Sptn1) via a conserved sequence and is required for their dendritic localization. Together, this study demonstrates how activity-dependent synaptic targeting of an lncRNA mediates structural plasticity at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Grinman
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Yosef Avchalumov
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Isabel Espadas
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Supriya Swarnkar
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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36
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Monti G, Kjolby M, Jensen AMG, Allen M, Reiche J, Møller PL, Comaposada-Baró R, Zolkowski BE, Vieira C, Jørgensen MM, Holm IE, Valdmanis PN, Wellner N, Vægter CB, Lincoln SJ, Nykjær A, Ertekin-Taner N, Young JE, Nyegaard M, Andersen OM. Expression of an alternatively spliced variant of SORL1 in neuronal dendrites is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:43. [PMID: 33726851 PMCID: PMC7962264 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SORL1 is strongly associated with both sporadic and familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but a lack of information about alternatively spliced transcripts currently limits our understanding of the role of SORL1 in AD. Here, we describe a SORL1 transcript (SORL1-38b) characterized by inclusion of a novel exon (E38b) that encodes a truncated protein. We identified E38b-containing transcripts in several brain regions, with the highest expression in the cerebellum and showed that SORL1-38b is largely located in neuronal dendrites, which is in contrast to the somatic distribution of transcripts encoding the full-length SORLA protein (SORL1-fl). SORL1-38b transcript levels were significantly reduced in AD cerebellum in three independent cohorts of postmortem brains, whereas no changes were observed for SORL1-fl. A trend of lower 38b transcript level in cerebellum was found for individuals carrying the risk variant at rs2282649 (known as SNP24), although not reaching statistical significance. These findings suggest synaptic functions for SORL1-38b in the brain, uncovering novel aspects of SORL1 that can be further explored in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Monti
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette G Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Juliane Reiche
- Department of Biochemistry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter L Møller
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Raquel Comaposada-Baró
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Bartlomiej E Zolkowski
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cármen Vieira
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Margarita Melnikova Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Ida E Holm
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Paul N Valdmanis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niels Wellner
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian B Vægter
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sarah J Lincoln
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Anders Nykjær
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- Center for Proteins in Memory - PROMEMO, Danish National Research Foundation, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Tang X, Ren H, Guo M, Qian J, Yang Y, Gu C. Review on circular RNAs and new insights into their roles in cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:910-928. [PMID: 33598105 PMCID: PMC7851342 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a very interesting class of conserved single-stranded RNA molecules derived from exonic or intronic sequences by precursor mRNA back-splicing. Unlike canonical linear RNAs, circRNAs form covalently closed, continuous stable loops without a 5'end cap and 3'end poly(A) tail, and therefore are resistant to exonuclease digestion. The majority of circRNAs are highly abundant, and conserved across different species with a tissue or developmental-stage-specific expression. circRNAs have been shown to play important roles as microRNA sponges, regulators of gene splicing and transcription, RNA-binding protein sponges and protein/peptide translators. Emerging evidence reveals that circRNAs function in various human diseases, particularly cancers, and may function as better predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In consideration of their potential clinical relevance, circRNAs have become a new research hotspot in the field of tumor pathology. In the present study, the current understanding of the biogenesis, characteristics, databases, research methods, biological functions subcellular distribution, epigenetic regulation, extracellular transport and degradation of circRNAs was discussed. In particular, the multiple databases and methods involved in circRNA research were first summarized, and the recent advances in determining the potential roles of circRNAs in tumor growth, migration and invasion, which render circRNAs better predictive biomarkers, were described. Furthermore, future perspectives for the clinical application of circRNAs in the management of patients with cancer were proposed, which could provide new insights into circRNAs in the future.
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Key Words
- AML, acute myloid leukemia
- BSJ, back-splice junction
- Biomarker
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CML, chronic myeloid leukemia
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Cancer
- Circular RNAs
- EIciRNAs, exon–intron RNAs
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- Functions
- GC, gastric cancer
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- ISH, in situ hybridization
- LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma
- MER, miRNA response elements
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- RBP, RNA-binding protein
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RNase, ribonuclease
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCR
- TNM, tumor node metastases
- UTR, untranslated regions
- ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma
- ceRNAs, endogenous RNAs
- ciRNAs, circular intronic RNAs
- ciRS-7, circular RNA sponge for miR-7
- circRNAs, circular RNAs
- ecircRNAs, exonic circular RNAs
- lncRNAs, long ncRNA
- miRNAs, microRNAs
- ncRNAs, noncoding RNAs
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- rRNA, ribosomal RNA
- siRNAs, small interfering RNAs
- snRNA, small nuclear RNA
- tricRNAs, tRNA intronic circRNAs
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhu Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengjie Guo
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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38
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Squires KE, Gerber KJ, Tillman MC, Lustberg DJ, Montañez-Miranda C, Zhao M, Ramineni S, Scharer CD, Saha RN, Shu FJ, Schroeder JP, Ortlund EA, Weinshenker D, Dudek SM, Hepler JR. Human genetic variants disrupt RGS14 nuclear shuttling and regulation of LTP in hippocampal neurons. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100024. [PMID: 33410399 PMCID: PMC7949046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains vast genetic diversity as naturally occurring coding variants, yet the impact of these variants on protein function and physiology is poorly understood. RGS14 is a multifunctional signaling protein that suppresses synaptic plasticity in dendritic spines of hippocampal neurons. RGS14 also is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, suggesting that balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are essential for RGS14 functions. We identified genetic variants L505R (LR) and R507Q (RQ) located within the nuclear export sequence (NES) of human RGS14. Here we report that RGS14 encoding LR or RQ profoundly impacts protein functions in hippocampal neurons. RGS14 membrane localization is regulated by binding Gαi-GDP, whereas RGS14 nuclear export is regulated by Exportin 1 (XPO1). Remarkably, LR and RQ variants disrupt RGS14 binding to Gαi1-GDP and XPO1, nucleocytoplasmic equilibrium, and capacity to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP). Variant LR accumulates irreversibly in the nucleus, preventing RGS14 binding to Gαi1, localization to dendritic spines, and inhibitory actions on LTP induction, while variant RQ exhibits a mixed phenotype. When introduced into mice by CRISPR/Cas9, RGS14-LR protein expression was detected predominantly in the nuclei of neurons within hippocampus, central amygdala, piriform cortex, and striatum, brain regions associated with learning and synaptic plasticity. Whereas mice completely lacking RGS14 exhibit enhanced spatial learning, mice carrying variant LR exhibit normal spatial learning, suggesting that RGS14 may have distinct functions in the nucleus independent from those in dendrites and spines. These findings show that naturally occurring genetic variants can profoundly alter normal protein function, impacting physiology in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Squires
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Kyle J Gerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Lustberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Meilan Zhao
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - Suneela Ramineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | | | - Ramendra N Saha
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced California, USA
| | - Feng-Jue Shu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Jason P Schroeder
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA
| | - Serena M Dudek
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Raleigh North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Hepler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia, USA.
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MirLocPredictor: A ConvNet-Based Multi-Label MicroRNA Subcellular Localization Predictor by Incorporating k-Mer Positional Information. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121475. [PMID: 33316943 PMCID: PMC7763197 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNA sequences consisting of about 22 nucleotides that are involved in the regulation of almost 60% of mammalian genes. Presently, there are very limited approaches for the visualization of miRNA locations present inside cells to support the elucidation of pathways and mechanisms behind miRNA function, transport, and biogenesis. MIRLocator, a state-of-the-art tool for the prediction of subcellular localization of miRNAs makes use of a sequence-to-sequence model along with pretrained k-mer embeddings. Existing pretrained k-mer embedding generation methodologies focus on the extraction of semantics of k-mers. However, in RNA sequences, positional information of nucleotides is more important because distinct positions of the four nucleotides define the function of an RNA molecule. Considering the importance of the nucleotide position, we propose a novel approach (kmerPR2vec) which is a fusion of positional information of k-mers with randomly initialized neural k-mer embeddings. In contrast to existing k-mer-based representation, the proposed kmerPR2vec representation is much more rich in terms of semantic information and has more discriminative power. Using novel kmerPR2vec representation, we further present an end-to-end system (MirLocPredictor) which couples the discriminative power of kmerPR2vec with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for miRNA subcellular location prediction. The effectiveness of the proposed kmerPR2vec approach is evaluated with deep learning-based topologies (i.e., Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)) and by using 9 different evaluation measures. Analysis of the results reveals that MirLocPredictor outperform state-of-the-art methods with a significant margin of 18% and 19% in terms of precision and recall.
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40
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Marco A, Meharena HS, Dileep V, Raju RM, Davila-Velderrain J, Zhang AL, Adaikkan C, Young JZ, Gao F, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Mapping the epigenomic and transcriptomic interplay during memory formation and recall in the hippocampal engram ensemble. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1606-1617. [PMID: 33020654 PMCID: PMC7686266 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome and three-dimensional (3D) genomic architecture are emerging as key factors in the dynamic regulation of different transcriptional programs required for neuronal functions. In this study, we used an activity-dependent tagging system in mice to determine the epigenetic state, 3D genome architecture and transcriptional landscape of engram cells over the lifespan of memory formation and recall. Our findings reveal that memory encoding leads to an epigenetic priming event, marked by increased accessibility of enhancers without the corresponding transcriptional changes. Memory consolidation subsequently results in spatial reorganization of large chromatin segments and promoter-enhancer interactions. Finally, with reactivation, engram neurons use a subset of de novo long-range interactions, where primed enhancers are brought in contact with their respective promoters to upregulate genes involved in local protein translation in synaptic compartments. Collectively, our work elucidates the comprehensive transcriptional and epigenomic landscape across the lifespan of memory formation and recall in the hippocampal engram ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Marco
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Hiruy S Meharena
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ravikiran M Raju
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Davila-Velderrain
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy Letao Zhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chinnakkaruppan Adaikkan
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennie Z Young
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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41
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Neu CT, Gutschner T, Haemmerle M. Post-Transcriptional Expression Control in Platelet Biogenesis and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207614. [PMID: 33076269 PMCID: PMC7589263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are highly abundant cell fragments of the peripheral blood that originate from megakaryocytes. Beside their well-known role in wound healing and hemostasis, they are emerging mediators of the immune response and implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Despite their anucleate nature, they harbor a diverse set of RNAs, which are subject to an active sorting mechanism from megakaryocytes into proplatelets and affect platelet biogenesis and function. However, sorting mechanisms are poorly understood, but RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been suggested to play a crucial role. Moreover, RBPs may regulate RNA translation and decay following platelet activation. In concert with other regulators, including microRNAs, long non-coding and circular RNAs, RBPs control multiple steps of the platelet life cycle. In this review, we will highlight the different RNA species within platelets and their impact on megakaryopoiesis, platelet biogenesis and platelet function. Additionally, we will focus on the currently known concepts of post-transcriptional control mechanisms important for RNA fate within platelets with a special emphasis on RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin T. Neu
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-3964
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Lee S, Kim S, Kang HY, Lim HR, Kwon Y, Jo M, Jeon YM, Kim SR, Kim K, Ha CM, Lee S, Kim HJ. The overexpression of TDP-43 in astrocytes causes neurodegeneration via a PTP1B-mediated inflammatory response. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:299. [PMID: 33054766 PMCID: PMC7556969 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic inclusions of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in neurons and astrocytes are a feature of some neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the role of TDP-43 in astrocyte pathology remains largely unknown. Methods To investigate whether TDP-43 overexpression in primary astrocytes could induce inflammation, we transfected primary astrocytes with plasmids encoding Gfp or TDP-43-Gfp. The inflammatory response and upregulation of PTP1B in transfected cells were examined using quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Neurotoxicity was analysed in a transwell coculture system of primary cortical neurons with astrocytes and cultured neurons treated with astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM). We also examined the lifespan, performed climbing assays and analysed immunohistochemical data in pan-glial TDP-43-expressing flies in the presence or absence of a Ptp61f RNAi transgene. Results PTP1B inhibition suppressed TDP-43-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) in primary astrocytes. Using a neuron-astrocyte coculture system and astrocyte-conditioned media treatment, we demonstrated that PTP1B inhibition attenuated neuronal death and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by overexpression of TDP-43 in astrocytes. In addition, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) defects, a shortened lifespan, inflammation and climbing defects caused by pan-glial overexpression of TDP-43 were significantly rescued by downregulation of ptp61f (the Drosophila homologue of PTP1B) in flies. Conclusions These results indicate that PTP1B inhibition mitigates the neuronal toxicity caused by TDP-43-induced inflammation in mammalian astrocytes and Drosophila glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kang
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61886, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Lim
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, South Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju, 61886, South Korea.
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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Glutamate-responsive translation of dendritic GSK3β mRNA triggers a cycle for amplification of reactivated preexisting GSK3β that is indispensable for tau hyperphosphorylation. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Asamitsu S, Imai Y, Yabuki Y, Ikenoshita S, Takeuchi M, Kashiwagi H, Tanoue Y, Fukuda T, Shioda N. Identification and immunohistochemical characterization of G-quadruplexes in mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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45
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Clifton NE, Thomas KL, Wilkinson LS, Hall J, Trent S. FMRP and CYFIP1 at the Synapse and Their Role in Psychiatric Vulnerability. Complex Psychiatry 2020; 6:5-19. [PMID: 34883502 PMCID: PMC7673588 DOI: 10.1159/000506858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the role genetic risk variants have in mediating vulnerability to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Many of these risk variants encode synaptic proteins, influencing biological pathways of the postsynaptic density and, ultimately, synaptic plasticity. Fragile-X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) and cytoplasmic fragile-X mental retardation protein (FMRP)-interacting protein 1 (CYFIP1) contain 2 such examples of highly penetrant risk variants and encode synaptic proteins with shared functional significance. In this review, we discuss the biological actions of FMRP and CYFIP1, including their regulation of (i) protein synthesis and specifically FMRP targets, (ii) dendritic and spine morphology, and (iii) forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term depression. We draw upon a range of preclinical studies that have used genetic dosage models of FMR1 and CYFIP1 to determine their biological function. In parallel, we discuss how clinical studies of fragile X syndrome or 15q11.2 deletion patients have informed our understanding of FMRP and CYFIP1, and highlight the latest psychiatric genomic findings that continue to implicate FMRP and CYFIP1. Lastly, we assess the current limitations in our understanding of FMRP and CYFIP1 biology and how they must be addressed before mechanism-led therapeutic strategies can be developed for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Clifton
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kerrie L. Thomas
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence S. Wilkinson
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Trent
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
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46
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Activity-dependent compensation of cell size is vulnerable to targeted deletion of ion channels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15989. [PMID: 32994529 PMCID: PMC7524806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In many species, excitable cells preserve their physiological properties despite significant variation in physical size across time and in a population. For example, neurons in crustacean central pattern generators generate similar firing patterns despite several-fold increases in size between juveniles and adults. This presents a biophysical problem because the electrical properties of cells are highly sensitive to membrane area and channel density. It is not known whether specific mechanisms exist to sense membrane area and adjust channel expression to keep a consistent channel density, or whether regulation mechanisms that sense activity alone are capable of compensating cell size. We show that destabilising effects of growth can be specifically compensated by feedback mechanism that senses average calcium influx and jointly regulate multiple conductances. However, we further show that this class of growth-compensating regulation schemes is necessarily sensitive to perturbations that alter the expression of subsets of ion channel types. Targeted perturbations of specific ion channels can trigger a pathological response of the regulation mechanism and a failure of homeostasis. Our findings suggest that physiological regulation mechanisms that confer robustness to growth may be specifically vulnerable to deletions or mutations that affect subsets of ion channels.
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47
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Johnstone A, Mobley W. Local TrkB signaling: themes in development and neural plasticity. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:101-111. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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48
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Experience-Dependent Development of Dendritic Arbors in Mouse Visual Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6536-6556. [PMID: 32669356 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2910-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic arbor of neurons constrains the pool of available synaptic partners and influences the electrical integration of synaptic currents. Despite these critical functions, our knowledge of the dendritic structure of cortical neurons during early postnatal development and how these dendritic structures are modified by visual experience is incomplete. Here, we present a large-scale dataset of 849 3D reconstructions of the basal arbor of pyramidal neurons collected across early postnatal development in visual cortex of mice of either sex. We found that the basal arbor grew substantially between postnatal day 7 (P7) and P30, undergoing a 45% increase in total length. However, the gross number of primary neurites and dendritic segments was largely determined by P7. Growth from P7 to P30 occurred primarily through extension of dendritic segments. Surprisingly, comparisons of dark-reared and typically reared mice revealed that a net gain of only 15% arbor length could be attributed to visual experience; most growth was independent of experience. To examine molecular contributions, we characterized the role of the activity-regulated small GTPase Rem2 in both arbor development and the maintenance of established basal arbors. We showed that Rem2 is an experience-dependent negative regulator of dendritic segment number during the visual critical period. Acute deletion of Rem2 reduced directionality of dendritic arbors. The data presented here establish a highly detailed, quantitative analysis of basal arbor development that we believe has high utility both in understanding circuit development as well as providing a framework for computationalists wishing to generate anatomically accurate neuronal models.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dendrites are the sites of the synaptic connections among neurons. Despite their importance for neural circuit function, only a little is known about the postnatal development of dendritic arbors of cortical pyramidal neurons and the influence of experience. Here we show that the number of primary basal dendritic arbors is already established before eye opening, and that these arbors primarily grow through lengthening of dendritic segments and not through addition of dendritic segments. Surprisingly, visual experience has a modest net impact on overall arbor length (15%). Experiments in KO animals revealed that the gene Rem2 is positive regulator of dendritic length and a negative regulator of dendritic segments.
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49
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Batish M, Tyagi S. Fluorescence In Situ Imaging of Dendritic RNAs at Single-Molecule Resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 89:e79. [PMID: 31532916 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA localization is an important step in gene regulation. Imaging RNAs in fixed and live cells provides contextual information about RNA distribution in the cells. Here, we provide detailed protocols for performing single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH). smFISH detects mRNA molecules at single-molecule resolution in fixed neuronal cells using ∼50 small oligonucleotide probes for each mRNA. The technique has been successfully applied to understand RNA localization and distribution in various biological systems, ranging from Drosophila to the mammalian nervous system. The probes are small enough to bind to structured RNAs or RNAs that are part of RNA-protein complexes, thereby accounting for ∼85% of the total RNA; this enables a level of sensitivity equivalent to that of quantitative real-time PCR, but with anatomical resolution. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Batish
- Department of Medical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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50
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Dinel AL, Lucas C, Guillemet D, Layé S, Pallet V, Joffre C. Chronic Supplementation with a Mix of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia Improves Morris Water Maze Learning in Normal Adult C57Bl/6J Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061777. [PMID: 32549250 PMCID: PMC7353372 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Two different species of sage, Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia, have demonstrated activities in cognitive function during preclinical and clinical studies related to impaired health situations or single administration. Different memory processes have been described to be significantly and positively impacted. Objective: Our objective is to explore the potential of these Salvia, and their additional activities, in healthy situations, and during prolonged administration, on memory and subsequent mechanisms of action related to putative effects. Design: This mouse study has implicated four investigational arms dedicated to control, Salvia officinalis aqueous extract, Salvia lavandulaefolia-encapsulated essential oil and a mix thereof (Cognivia™) for 2 weeks of administration. Cognitive functions have been assessed throughout Y-maze and Morris water maze models. The impact of supplementation on lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, neurogenesis, neuronal activity, neurotrophins, neurotrophin receptors, CaM kinase II and glucocorticoid receptors has been assessed via post-interventional tissue collection. Results: All Salvia groups had a significant effect on Y-maze markers on day 1 of administration. Only the mix of two Salvia species demonstrated significant improvements in Morris water maze markers at the end of administration. Considering all biological and histological markers, we did not observe any significant effect of S. officinalis, S. lavandulaefolia and a mix of Salvia supplementation on lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress and neuronal plasticity (neurogenesis, neuronal activity, neurotrophins). Interestingly, CaM kinase II protein expression is significantly increased in animals supplemented with Salvia. Conclusion: The activities of Salvia alone after one intake have been confirmed; however, a particular combination of different types of Salvia have been shown to improve memory and present specific synergistic effects after chronic administration in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Dinel
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Céline Lucas
- NutriBrain Research and Technology Transfer, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | | | - Sophie Layé
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Véronique Pallet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (S.L.); (V.P.); (C.J.)
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