1
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Song JY, Jia Y, Han H, Yang XH, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Wang SS, Wang CY, Chen L, Zhang M. Increased expression of SLC25A18 is associated with Alzheimer's disease and is involved in Aβ42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in neuronal cells. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101918. [PMID: 38871013 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently one of the most serious public health concerns in the world. However, the best approach to treat AD has yet to be discovered, implying that we must continue to work hard to find new AD target genes. In this study, we further analysed Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and discovered that the expression of the Mitochondria glutamate carrier SLC25A18 is associated with AD by screening the differentially expressed genes in different regions of the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. To verify the expression of SLC25A18 during Alzheimer's disease development, we analysed animal models (5×FAD transgenic AD animal model, chemically induced AD animal model, natural ageing animal model), and the results showed that the expression of SLC25A18 was increased in animal models of AD. Further investigation of the different regions found that SLC25A18 expression was elevated in the EC, TeA, and CA3, and expressed in neurons. Next, We found that Aβ42 treatment elevated SLC25A18 expression in Neuro 2A cells. Reducing SLC25A18 expression attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis caused by Aβ42. Overexpression of SLC25A18 increased ATP and intracellular superoxide anions but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The results indicate that SLC25A18 affects mitochondrial function and neuronal apoptosis, and is related to AD, which makes it a potential target for treating brain dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China; Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yong Jia
- School of nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Han Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Su-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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2
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Goyal P, Didomenico RJ, Pressler SJ, Ibeh C, White-Williams C, Allen LA, Gorodeski EZ. Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure: A Heart Failure Society of America Scientific Statement. J Card Fail 2024; 30:488-504. [PMID: 38485295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common among adults with heart failure (HF), as both diseases are strongly related to advancing age and multimorbidity (including both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular conditions). Moreover, HF itself can contribute to alterations in the brain. Cognition is critical for a myriad of self-care activities that are necessary to manage HF, and it also has a major impact on prognosis; consequently, cognitive impairment has important implications for self-care, medication management, function and independence, and life expectancy. Attuned clinicians caring for patients with HF can identify clinical clues present at medical encounters that suggest cognitive impairment. When present, screening tests such as the Mini-Cog, and consideration of referral for comprehensive neurocognitive testing may be indicated. Management of cognitive impairment should focus on treatment of underlying causes of and contributors to cognitive impairment, medication management/optimization, and accommodation of deficiencies in self-care. Given its implications on care, it is important to integrate cognitive impairment into clinical decision making. Although gaps in knowledge and challenges to implementation exist, this scientific statement is intended to guide clinicians in caring for and meeting the needs of an increasingly complex and growing subpopulation of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Goyal
- Program for the Care and Study of the Aging Heart, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Robert J Didomenico
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Chinwe Ibeh
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Larry A Allen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Eiran Z Gorodeski
- University Hospitals, Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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3
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Preface. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:xvii-xxiv. [PMID: 38556455 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Bravo-San Pedro JM, Aranda F, Buqué A, Galluzzi L. Animal models of disease: Achievements and challenges. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 188:xv-xxi. [PMID: 38880531 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(24)00164-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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5
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Ye L, Shu S, Jia J, Sun M, Xu S, Bao X, Bian H, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhu X, Bai F, Xu Y. Absent in melanoma 2 mediates aging-related cognitive dysfunction by acting on complement-dependent microglial phagocytosis. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13860. [PMID: 37177836 PMCID: PMC10352562 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern separation (PS) dysfunction is a type of cognitive impairment that presents early during the aging process, and this deficit has been attributed to structural and functional alterations in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an essential component of the inflammasome. However, whether AIM2 plays a role in aging-associated cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we found that PS function was impaired in aging mice and was accompanied by marked synaptic loss and increased expression of AIM2 in the DG. Subsequently, we used an AIM2 overexpression virus and mice with AIM2 deletion to investigate the role of AIM2 in regulating PS function and synaptic plasticity and the mechanisms involved. Our study revealed that AIM2 regulates microglial activation during synaptic pruning in the DG region via the complement pathway, leading to impaired synaptic plasticity and PS function in aging mice. These results suggest a critical role for AIM2 in regulating synaptic plasticity and PS function and provide a new direction for ameliorating aging-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shu Shu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Junqiu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huijie Bian
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Meijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Medical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular MedicineMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of NeurologyNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neurology Medical CenterNanjingChina
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical CenterNanjingChina
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6
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Matias I, Diniz LP, Araujo APB, Damico IV, de Moura P, Cabral-Miranda F, Diniz F, Parmeggiani B, de Mello Coelho V, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Ferreira GC, Kubrusly RCC, Gomes FCA. Age-Associated Upregulation of Glutamate Transporters and Glutamine Synthetase in Senescent Astrocytes In Vitro and in the Mouse and Human Hippocampus. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231157974. [PMID: 36815213 PMCID: PMC9950616 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231157974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is marked by complex and progressive physiological changes, including in the glutamatergic system, that lead to a decline of brain function. Increased content of senescent cells in the brain, such as glial cells, has been reported to impact cognition both in animal models and human tissue during normal aging and in the context of neurodegenerative disease. Changes in the glutamatergic synaptic activity rely on the glutamate-glutamine cycle, in which astrocytes handle glutamate taken up from synapses and provide glutamine for neurons, thus maintaining excitatory neurotransmission. However, the mechanisms of glutamate homeostasis in brain aging are still poorly understood. Herein, we showed that mouse senescent astrocytes in vitro undergo upregulation of GLT-1, GLAST, and glutamine synthetase (GS), along with the increased enzymatic activity of GS and [3H]-D-aspartate uptake. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of GS and increased [3H]-D-aspartate uptake in the hippocampus of aged mice, although the activity of GS was similar between young and old mice. Analysis of a previously available RNAseq dataset of mice at different ages revealed upregulation of GLAST and GS mRNA levels in hippocampal astrocytes during aging. Corroborating these rodent data, we showed an increased number of GS + cells, and GS and GLT-1 levels/intensity in the hippocampus of elderly humans. Our data suggest that aged astrocytes undergo molecular and functional changes that control glutamate-glutamine homeostasis upon brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Matias
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, Isadora Matias, Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde,
Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Luan Pereira Diniz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Bergamo Araujo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isabella Vivarini Damico
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Pâmella de Moura
- Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal
Fluminense, Niterói, Brasil
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fabiola Diniz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil,Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Belisa Parmeggiani
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Valeria de Mello Coelho
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Renata E. P. Leite
- Biobanco para Estudos em Envelhecimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de
São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil,Divisão de Geriatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudia K. Suemoto
- Divisão de Geriatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São
Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Costa Ferreira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil,Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes. Instituto
de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de
Ciências da Saúde, Bloco F, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brasil.
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7
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Fidalgo S, Yeoman MS. Age-Related Changes in Central Nervous System 5-Hydroxytryptamine Signalling and Its Potential Effects on the Regulation of Lifespan. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:379-413. [PMID: 36600141 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and the periphery. Most 5-HT (~99%) is found in the periphery where it regulates the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is an important regulator of platelet aggregation. However, the remaining 1% that is found in the central nervous system (CNS) can regulate a range of physiological processes such as learning and memory formation, mood, food intake, sleep, temperature and pain perception. More recent work on the CNS of invertebrate model systems has shown that 5-HT can directly regulate lifespan.This chapter will focus on detailing how CNS 5-HT signalling is altered with increasing age and the potential consequences this has on its ability to regulate lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.
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8
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da Silva ER, Rodrigues Menezes IR, Brys I. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Memory of Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2022; 14:11795735221106887. [PMID: 35769949 PMCID: PMC9234827 DOI: 10.1177/11795735221106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the most studied non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, presenting itself as a promising technique for several pathologies, such as cognitive decline. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the effects of tDCS on the memory of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, in order to describe the main protocols used, and to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of this technique. Data Sources and Methods 869 studies reporting controlled clinical trials were found in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, PsycArticles and Scielo, from which 13 met the expected requirements and were included in the final analysis. Results There was a great variability in the stimulation protocols used in the studies; and methodological weaknesses were observed, such as absence of sample size calculation, and of information on effect sizes. Positive effects of tDCS were observed only in five studies, and the combination of stimulation and cognitive training did not seem to potentiate the effects of tDCS. Conclusion Although tDCS can be considered a technique with important therapeutic potential, more studies are needed to understand the acute effects of tDCS on memory of elderly people and the durability of these effects over time. Registration PROSPERO (CRD-42020200573).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliclebysson Rodrigo da Silva
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Italo Ramon Rodrigues Menezes
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Psychology Faculty, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Ivani Brys
- Research Group in Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil
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9
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Rei D, Saha S, Haddad M, Haider Rubio A, Perlaza BL, Berard M, Ungeheuer MN, Sokol H, Lledo PM. Age-associated gut microbiota impairs hippocampus-dependent memory in a vagus-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2022; 7:147700. [PMID: 35737457 PMCID: PMC9462480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is known to be associated with hippocampus-dependent memory decline, but the underlying causes of this age-related memory impairment remain highly debated. Here, we show that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from aged, but not young, animal donors into young mice is sufficient to trigger profound hippocampal alterations, including astrogliosis, decreased adult neurogenesis, decreased novelty-induced neuronal activation, and impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory. Furthermore, similar alterations were reported when mice were subjected to an FMT from aged human donors. To decipher the mechanisms involved in mediating these microbiota-induced effects on brain function, we mapped the vagus nerve–related (VN-related) neuronal activity patterns and report that aged FMT animals showed a reduction in neuronal activity in the ascending-VN output brain structure, whether under basal condition or after VN stimulation. Targeted pharmacogenetic manipulation of VN-ascending neurons demonstrated that the decrease in vagal activity is detrimental to hippocampal functions. In contrast, increasing vagal ascending activity alleviated the adverse effects of aged mouse FMT on hippocampal functions and had a promnesic effect in aged mice. Thus, pharmacogenetic VN stimulation is a potential therapeutic strategy to lessen microbiota-dependent age-associated impairments in hippocampal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Rei
- Neurosciences, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Soham Saha
- Neurosciences, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Marion Berard
- Animalerie Centrale, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Harry Sokol
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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10
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Chen ZH, Li S, Xu M, Liu CC, Ye H, Wang B, Wu QF. Single-cell Transcriptomic Profiling of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence during Aging. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:523-536. [PMID: 35032691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a slow and progressive natural process that compromises the normal functions of cells, tissues, organs and systems. The aging of the hypothalamic median eminence (ME), a structural gate linking neural and endocrine systems, may impair hormone release, energy homeostasis and central sensing of circulating molecules, leading to systemic and reproductive aging. However, the molecular and cellular features of ME aging remain largely unknown. Here we describe the transcriptional landscape of young and middle-aged mouse ME at single-cell resolution, revealing the common and cell-type-specific transcriptional changes with age. The transcriptional changes in cell-intrinsic programs, cell-cell crosstalk and cell-extrinsic factors highlight five molecular features of ME aging and also implicate several potentially druggable targets at cellular, signaling and molecular levels. Importantly, our results suggest that vascular and leptomeningeal cells (VLMCs) may lead the asynchronized aging process among diverse cell types and drive local inflammation and cellular senescence via a unique secretome. Together, our study uncovers how intrinsic and extrinsic features of each cell type in the hypothalamic ME are changed by the aging process, which will facilitate our understanding of brain aging and provide clues for efficient anti-aging intervention at the middle-aged stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Si Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Candace C Liu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoding Second Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 072750, China
| | - Qing-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
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11
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Liu K, Yin Y, Le Y, Ouyang W, Pan A, Huang J, Xie Z, Zhu Q, Tong J. Age-related Loss of miR-124 Causes Cognitive Deficits via Derepressing RyR3 Expression. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1455-1470. [PMID: 36186122 PMCID: PMC9466975 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjia Yin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Aihua Pan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Qubo Zhu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jianbin Tong, Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China, ; Dr. Qubo Zhu, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China, .
| | - Jianbin Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Jianbin Tong, Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China, ; Dr. Qubo Zhu, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China, .
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12
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Rivera DS, Lindsay CB, Oliva CA, Bozinovic F, Inestrosa NC. A Multivariate Assessment of Age-Related Cognitive Impairment in Octodon degus. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:719076. [PMID: 34526882 PMCID: PMC8437396 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.719076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive functional decline characterized by a gradual deterioration in physiological function and behavior. The most important age-related change in cognitive function is decline in cognitive performance (i.e., the processing or transformation of information to make decisions that includes speed of processing, working memory, and learning). The purpose of this study is to outline the changes in age-related cognitive performance (i.e., short-term recognition memory and long-term learning and memory) in long-lived Octodon degus. The strong similarity between degus and humans in social, metabolic, biochemical, and cognitive aspects makes it a unique animal model for exploring the mechanisms underlying the behavioral and cognitive deficits related to natural aging. In this study, we examined young adult female degus (12- and 24-months-old) and aged female degus (38-, 56-, and 75-months-old) that were exposed to a battery of cognitive-behavioral tests. Multivariate analyses of data from the Social Interaction test or Novel Object/Local Recognition (to measure short-term recognition memory), and the Barnes maze test (to measure long-term learning and memory) revealed a consistent pattern. Young animals formed a separate group of aged degus for both short- and long-term memories. The association between the first component of the principal component analysis (PCA) from short-term memory with the first component of the PCA from long-term memory showed a significant negative correlation. This suggests age-dependent differences in both memories, with the aged degus having higher values of long-term memory ability but poor short-term recognition memory, whereas in the young degus an opposite pattern was found. Approximately 5% of the young and 80% of the aged degus showed an impaired short-term recognition memory; whereas for long-term memory about 32% of the young degus and 57% of the aged degus showed decreased performance on the Barnes maze test. Throughout this study, we outlined age-dependent cognitive performance decline during natural aging in degus. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the use of a multivariate approach let us explore and visualize complex behavioral variables, and identified specific behavioral patterns that allowed us to make powerful conclusions that will facilitate further the study on the biology of aging. In addition, this study could help predict the onset of the aging process based on behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Rivera
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology and Environment, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina B Lindsay
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A Oliva
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Bozinovic
- Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Center of Aging and Regeneration UC (CARE-UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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13
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Fodor I, Svigruha R, Kemenes G, Kemenes I, Pirger Z. The Great Pond Snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) as a Model of Aging and Age-Related Memory Impairment: An Overview. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:975-982. [PMID: 33453110 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of life span, normal aging and age-related memory decline are affecting an increasing number of people; however, many aspects of these processes are still not fully understood. Although vertebrate models have provided considerable insights into the molecular and electrophysiological changes associated with brain aging, invertebrates, including the widely recognized molluscan model organism, the great pond snail (Lymnaea stagnalis), have proven to be extremely useful for studying mechanisms of aging at the level of identified individual neurons and well-defined circuits. Its numerically simpler nervous system, well-characterized life cycle, and relatively long life span make it an ideal organism to study age-related changes in the nervous system. Here, we provide an overview of age-related studies on L. stagnalis and showcase this species as a contemporary choice for modeling the molecular, cellular, circuit, and behavioral mechanisms of aging and age-related memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Réka Svigruha
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - György Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ildikó Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
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14
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De la Maza Krzeptowsky LC, San-Juan D, Ximénez Camilli C, Alvarez Perera LÁ, Valdez Ruvalcaba H, Morales Báez JA, Anschel DJ. Neurophysiological Intraoperative Monitoring in the Elderly. J Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 38:231-236. [PMID: 32141983 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is widely used to prevent nervous system injury during surgeries in elderly patients. However, there are no studies that describe the characteristics and changes in neurophysiological tests during the IONM of patients aged 60 years and older. The study aims to describe and compare IONM changes during surgeries in adult patients aged 18 to 59 years with those aged 60 years and older. METHODS We performed a comparative retrospective study of patients aged 18 to 59 years versus those 60 aged years and older who underwent IONM during 2013 to 2018 in Mexico City. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded and compared. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring techniques, their changes, and surgical procedures for both groups were analyzed and compared using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, Fisher, and χ2 tests. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS In total, 195 patients were analyzed: 104 patients, 68.63 ± 6.54 years old (elderly group) and 91 patients, 42.3 ± 10.5 years old (younger group). No differences were found in the rates of signal change during IONM between the group of elderly patients and the younger group. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 80%, 99%, 80%, and 99%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Elderly patients have a similar rate of changes in IONM signals compared with younger patients during heterogeneous surgeries guided by IONM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel San-Juan
- Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, México City, Mexico
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Á Alvarez Perera
- Neurophysiology Department, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, México City, Mexico
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Neurology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - David J Anschel
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Long Island, Port Jefferson, New York, U.S.A
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15
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Guerra A, Rocchi L, Grego A, Berardi F, Luisi C, Ferreri F. Contribution of TMS and TMS-EEG to the Understanding of Mechanisms Underlying Physiological Brain Aging. Brain Sci 2021; 11:405. [PMID: 33810206 PMCID: PMC8004753 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human brain, aging is characterized by progressive neuronal loss, leading to disruption of synapses and to a degree of failure in neurotransmission. However, there is increasing evidence to support the notion that the aged brain has a remarkable ability to reorganize itself, with the aim of preserving its physiological activity. It is important to develop objective markers able to characterize the biological processes underlying brain aging in the intact human, and to distinguish them from brain degeneration associated with many neurological diseases. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), coupled with electromyography or electroencephalography (EEG), is particularly suited to this aim, due to the functional nature of the information provided, and thanks to the ease with which it can be integrated with behavioral manipulation. In this review, we aimed to provide up to date information about the role of TMS and TMS-EEG in the investigation of brain aging. In particular, we focused on data about cortical excitability, connectivity and plasticity, obtained by using readouts such as motor evoked potentials and transcranial evoked potentials. Overall, findings in the literature support an important potential contribution of TMS to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying normal brain aging. Further studies are needed to expand the current body of information and to assess the applicability of TMS findings in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Clinical and Movements Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Grego
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Francesca Berardi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Concetta Luisi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Florinda Ferreri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy; (A.G.); (F.B.); (C.L.)
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Scutt G, Overall A, Bakrania P, Krasteva E, Parekh N, Ali K, Davies JG, Rajkumar C. The Association of a Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Gene With Adverse Drug Reactions, Multimorbidity, and Frailty in Older People. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1050-1057. [PMID: 31102514 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), multimorbidity, and frailty are associated with human aging, yet there is wide variation in the severity and age at which individuals are afflicted. Identifying genetic markers of increased risk of this phenotype would help stratify individuals to specialist interventions. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) regulates a cell's response to stressors, including the expression of enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Its expression has been shown to decline in animal aging models. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Nrf2 gene (NFE2L2) transcription/translation decline in human aging and that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NFE2L2 gene are associated with increased ADR risk, multimorbidity, and frailty in older people. Gene expression and protein levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells donated from healthy patients aged 18-80 years old. NFE2L2 genotypes were determined at three loci in a subpopulation of patients recruited to the PRIME study (a multicenter prospective cohort study that followed older adults for 8 weeks post-discharge to determine ADR). Both NFE2L2 gene and Nrf2 protein expression declined significantly with age in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the PRIME substudy population, the rs35652124 NFE2L2 SNP was associated with increased ADR risk and decreased frailty and multimorbidity scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Scutt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - Andrew Overall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | - Prijay Bakrania
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, UK
| | | | | | | | - J Graham Davies
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, UK
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17
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Morgan LD, Mohammed A, Patel BA, Arundell M, Jennert-Burtson K, Hernádi L, Overall A, Bowler LD, O'Hare D, Yeoman MS. Decreased 14-3-3 expression correlates with age-related regional reductions in CNS dopamine and motor function in the pond snail, Lymnaea. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 53:1394-1411. [PMID: 33131114 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is associated in many organisms with a reduction in motor movements. We have previously shown that the rate of feeding movements of the pond snail, Lymnaea, decreased with age but the underlying cause is not fully understood. Here, we show that dopamine in the cerebro-buccal complex is an important signalling molecule regulating feeding frequency in Lymnaea and that ageing is associated with a decrease in CNS dopamine. A proteomic screen of young and old CNSs highlighted a group of proteins that regulate stress responses. One of the proteins identified was 14-3-3, which can enhance the synthesis of dopamine. We show that the Lymnaea 14-3-3 family exists as three distinct isoforms. The expression of the 29 kDa isoform (14-3-3Lym3) in the cerebro-buccal complex decreased with age and correlated with feeding rate. Using a 14-3-3 antagonist (R18) we were able to reduce the synthesis of L-DOPA and dopamine in ex vivo cerebro-buccal complexes. Together these data suggest that an age-related reduction in 14-3-3 can decrease CNS dopamine leading to a consequential reduction in feeding rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D Morgan
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Aiyaz Mohammed
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Martin Arundell
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Science Technology & Medicine, Imperial College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Katrin Jennert-Burtson
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - László Hernádi
- Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Andrew Overall
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Lucas D Bowler
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Danny O'Hare
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Science Technology & Medicine, Imperial College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- Centre for Stress and Age-Related Disease, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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18
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Knockdown of astrocytic TREM2 in the hippocampus relieves cognitive decline in elderly male mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 397:112939. [PMID: 32991925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the lengthening of the human lifespan, an increasing proportion of the population is subject to age-related cognitive impairments, making it important to investigate ways to confront the effects of aging. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor that is expressed mainly on the surfaces of microglia. Previous studies have found a significant positive correlation between age and TREM2 levels. An increased concentration of soluble TREM2 in cerebrospinal fluid was also found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Although TREM2 is more highly expressed in microglia than in astrocytes, little attention has been focused on astrocytic TREM2, and the precise role of astrocytic TREM2 in the aging process remains unknown. In this study, we injected TREM2 shRNA into the hippocampal CA1 region to specifically knock down the expression of this protein in astrocytes. We found that TREM2 shRNA injection can improve learning and memory ability in elderly mice, as demonstrated by improved learning ability and memory performance in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, an increased freezing duration in the contextual fear conditioning test, a higher preference ratio in the novel object recognition (NOR) test and a higher alternation rate in the T-maze test. Knocking down astrocytic TREM2 can also rescue impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in the hippocampal CA1 of elderly mice through a presynaptic mechanism. Our results suggest that decreased astrocytic TREM2 levels have beneficial effects on learning and memory ability in elderly mice, which may provide new insight into the pathological mechanism and potential targets of age-related dementia.
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19
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Senatorov VV, Friedman AR, Milikovsky DZ, Ofer J, Saar-Ashkenazy R, Charbash A, Jahan N, Chin G, Mihaly E, Lin JM, Ramsay HJ, Moghbel A, Preininger MK, Eddings CR, Harrison HV, Patel R, Shen Y, Ghanim H, Sheng H, Veksler R, Sudmant PH, Becker A, Hart B, Rogawski MA, Dillin A, Friedman A, Kaufer D. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in aging induces hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling and chronic yet reversible neural dysfunction. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/521/eaaw8283. [PMID: 31801886 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging involves a decline in neural function that contributes to cognitive impairment and disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from a young-and-healthy to aged-and-dysfunctional brain are not well understood. Here, we report breakdown of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) in aging humans and rodents, which begins as early as middle age and progresses to the end of the life span. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function manipulations show that this BBB dysfunction triggers hyperactivation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in astrocytes, which is necessary and sufficient to cause neural dysfunction and age-related pathology in rodents. Specifically, infusion of the serum protein albumin into the young rodent brain (mimicking BBB leakiness) induced astrocytic TGFβ signaling and an aged brain phenotype including aberrant electrocorticographic activity, vulnerability to seizures, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, conditional genetic knockdown of astrocytic TGFβ receptors or pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signaling reversed these symptomatic outcomes in aged mice. Last, we found that this same signaling pathway is activated in aging human subjects with BBB dysfunction. Our study identifies dysfunction in the neurovascular unit as one of the earliest triggers of neurological aging and demonstrates that the aging brain may retain considerable latent capacity, which can be revitalized by therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Senatorov
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aaron R Friedman
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dan Z Milikovsky
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jonathan Ofer
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adiel Charbash
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Naznin Jahan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gregory Chin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eszter Mihaly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessica M Lin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Harrison J Ramsay
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ariana Moghbel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marcela K Preininger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chelsy R Eddings
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen V Harrison
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rishi Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yishuo Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hana Ghanim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Huanjie Sheng
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ronel Veksler
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Albert Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barry Hart
- Innovation Pathways, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Michael A Rogawski
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Glenn Center for Aging Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.,Department of Medical Neuroscience and Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Berkeley Stem Cell Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. .,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G1M1, Canada
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20
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Nicaise AM, Willis CM, Crocker SJ, Pluchino S. Stem Cells of the Aging Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:247. [PMID: 32848716 PMCID: PMC7426063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult central nervous system (CNS) contains resident stem cells within specific niches that maintain a self-renewal and proliferative capacity to generate new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood. Physiological aging is associated with a progressive loss of function and a decline in the self-renewal and regenerative capacities of CNS stem cells. Also, the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is age, and current in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases rarely consider this. Therefore, combining both aging research and appropriate interrogation of animal disease models towards the understanding of the disease and age-related stem cell failure is imperative to the discovery of new therapies. This review article will highlight the main intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of neural stem cell (NSC) aging and discuss how these factors impact normal homeostatic functions within the adult brain. We will consider established in vivo animal and in vitro human disease model systems, and then discuss the current and future trajectories of novel senotherapeutics that target aging NSCs to ameliorate brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Nicaise
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cory M Willis
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Crocker
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Abstract
Sleep duration and lifespan vary greatly across Animalia. Human studies have demonstrated that ageing reduces the ability to obtain deep restorative sleep, and this may play a causative role in the development of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Animal models are widely used in sleep and ageing studies. Importantly, in contrast to human studies, evidence from laboratory rodents suggests that sleep duration is increased with ageing, while evidence for reduced sleep intensity and consolidation is inconsistent. Here we discuss two possible explanations for these species differences. First, methodological differences between studies in humans and laboratory rodents may prevent straightforward comparison. Second, the role of ecological factors, which have a profound influence on both ageing and sleep, must be taken into account. We propose that the dynamics of sleep across the lifespan reflect both age-dependent changes in the neurobiological substrates of sleep as well as the capacity to adapt to the environment.
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22
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Srivastava S. Emerging Insights into the Metabolic Alterations in Aging Using Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:E301. [PMID: 31847272 PMCID: PMC6950098 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is the latest 'omics' technology and systems biology science that allows for comprehensive profiling of small-molecule metabolites in biological systems at a specific time and condition. Metabolites are cellular intermediate products of metabolic reactions, which reflect the ultimate response to genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, or environmental changes in a biological system. Aging is a complex biological process that is characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and organismal functions, and it is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, diet, and lifestyle factors. The precise biological mechanisms of aging remain unknown. Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful tool to characterize the organism phenotypes, identify altered metabolites, pathways, novel biomarkers in aging and disease, and offers wide clinical applications. Here, I will provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on metabolomics led studies in aging with particular emphasis on studies leading to biomarker discovery. Based on the data obtained from model organisms and humans, it is evident that metabolites associated with amino acids, lipids, carbohydrate, and redox metabolism may serve as biomarkers of aging and/or longevity. Current challenges and key questions that should be addressed in the future to advance our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Srivastava
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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23
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Foster TC. Senescent neurophysiology: Ca 2+ signaling from the membrane to the nucleus. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 164:107064. [PMID: 31394200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current review provides a historical perspective on the evolution of hypothesized mechanisms for senescent neurophysiology, focused on the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the relationship of senescent neurophysiology to impaired hippocampal-dependent memory. Senescent neurophysiology involves processes linked to calcium (Ca2+) signaling including an increase in the Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHP), decreasing pyramidal cell excitability, hyporesponsiveness of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, and a shift in Ca2+-dependent synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ and downstream signaling of kinase and phosphatase activity lies at the core of senescent neurophysiology. Ca2+-dysregulation involves a decrease in Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors and an increase release of Ca2+ from internal Ca2+ stores. Recent work has identified changes in redox signaling, arising in middle-age, as an initiating factor for senescent neurophysiology. The shift in redox state links processes of aging, oxidative stress and inflammation, with functional changes in mechanisms required for episodic memory. The link between age-related changes in Ca2+ signaling, epigenetics and gene expression is an exciting area of research. Pharmacological and behavioral intervention, initiated in middle-age, can promote memory function by initiating transcription of neuroprotective genes and rejuvenating neurophysiology. However, with more advanced age, or under conditions of neurodegenerative disease, epigenetic changes may weaken the link between environmental influences and transcription, decreasing resilience of memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Gonzalez-Escamilla G, Muthuraman M, Chirumamilla VC, Vogt J, Groppa S. Brain Networks Reorganization During Maturation and Healthy Aging-Emphases for Resilience. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:601. [PMID: 30519196 PMCID: PMC6258799 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturation and aging are important life periods that are linked to drastic brain reorganization processes which are essential for mental health. However, the development of generalized theories for delimiting physiological and pathological brain remodeling through life periods linked to healthy states and resilience on one side or mental dysfunction on the other remains a challenge. Furthermore, important processes of preservation and compensation of brain function occur continuously in the cerebral brain networks and drive physiological responses to life events. Here, we review research on brain reorganization processes across the lifespan, demonstrating brain circuits remodeling at the structural and functional level that support mental health and are parallelized by physiological trajectories during maturation and healthy aging. We show evidence that aberrations leading to mental disorders result from the specific alterations of cerebral networks and their pathological dynamics leading to distinct excitability patterns. We discuss how these series of large-scale responses of brain circuits can be viewed as protective or malfunctioning mechanisms for the maintenance of mental health and resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Venkata C. Chirumamilla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Vogt
- Institute for Microscopic Anatomy and Neurobiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Astrocytes and the TGF-β1 Pathway in the Healthy and Diseased Brain: a Double-Edged Sword. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4653-4679. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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González-Fuentes J, Selva J, Moya C, Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Marcos P, Plaza-Oliver M, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Santander-Ortega MJ, Villaseca-González N, Arroyo-Jimenez MM. Neuroprotective Natural Molecules, From Food to Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:721. [PMID: 30405328 PMCID: PMC6206709 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is increasing; however, an effective neuroprotective treatment is still remaining. Nutrition plays an important role in neuroprotection as recently shown by epidemiological and biochemical studies which identified food components as promising therapeutic agents. Neuroprotection includes mechanisms such as activation of specific receptors, changes in enzymatic neuronal activity, and synthesis and secretion of different bioactive molecules. All these mechanisms are focused on preventing neuronal damage and alleviating the consequences of massive cell loss. Some neuropathological disorders selectively affect to particular neuronal populations, thus is important to know their neurochemical and anatomical properties in order to design effective therapies. Although the design of such treatments would be specific to neuronal groups sensible to damage, the effect would have an impact in the whole nervous system. The difficult overcoming of the blood brain barrier has hampered the development of efficient therapies for prevention or protection. This structure is a physical, enzymatic, and influx barrier that efficiently protects the brain from exogenous molecules. Therefore, the development of new strategies, like nanocarriers, that help to promote the access of neuroprotective molecules to the brain, is needed for providing more effective therapies for the disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In order both to trace the success of these nanoplatforms on the release of the bioactive cargo in the CNS and determinate the concentration at trace levels of targets biomolecules by analytical chemistry and concretely separation instrumental techniques, constitute an essential tool. Currently, these techniques are used for the determination and identification of natural neuroprotective molecules in complex matrixes at different concentration levels. Separation techniques such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis (CE), using optical and/or mass spectrometry (MS) detectors, provide multiples combinations for the quantitative and qualitative analysis at basal levels or higher concentrations of bioactive analytes in biological samples. Bearing this in mind, the development of food neuroprotective molecules as brain therapeutic agents is a complex task that requires the intimate collaboration and engagement of different disciplines for a successful outcome. In this sense, this work reviews the new advances achieved in the area toward a better understanding of the current state of the art and highlights promising approaches for brain neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin González-Fuentes
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Jorge Selva
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Carmen Moya
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucia Castro-Vázquez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria V Lozano
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Pilar Marcos
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria Plaza-Oliver
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Robledo
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuel J Santander-Ortega
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Noemi Villaseca-González
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria M Arroyo-Jimenez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Regional Centre of Biomedical Research), Albacete, Spain
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Fidalgo S, Patel BA, Ranson RN, Saffrey MJ, Yeoman MS. Changes in murine anorectum signaling across the life course. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13426. [PMID: 30062757 PMCID: PMC6175477 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing age is associated with an increase in the incidence of chronic constipation and fecal impaction. The contribution of the natural aging process to these conditions is not fully understood. This study examined the effects of increasing age on the function of the murine anorectum. METHODS The effects of increasing age on cholinergic, nitrergic, and purinergic signaling pathways in the murine anorectum were examined using classical organ bath assays to examine tissue function and electrochemical sensing to determine age-related changes in nitric oxide and acetylcholine release. KEY RESULTS Nitrergic relaxation increased between 3 and 6 months, peaked at 12 months and declined in the 18 and 24 months groups. These changes were in part explained by an age-related decrease in nitric oxide (NO) release. Cholinergic signaling was maintained with age by an increase in acetylcholine (ACh) release and a compensatory decrease in cholinesterase activity. Age-related changes in purinergic relaxation were qualitatively similar to nitrergic relaxation although the relaxations were much smaller. Increasing age did not alter the response of the anorectum smooth muscle to exogenously applied ACh, ATP, sodium nitroprusside or KCl. Similarly, there was no change in basal tension developed by the anorectum. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The decrease in nitrergic signaling with increasing age may contribute to the age-related fecal impaction and constipation previously described in this model by partially obstructing defecation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fidalgo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular ScienceCentre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseaseUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - B. A. Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular ScienceCentre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseaseUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - R. N. Ranson
- Department of Applied SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - M. J. Saffrey
- School of Life, Health and Chemical SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - M. S. Yeoman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular ScienceCentre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseaseUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
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Effects of Aging on Cortical Neural Dynamics and Local Sleep Homeostasis in Mice. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3911-3928. [PMID: 29581380 PMCID: PMC5907054 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2513-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with marked effects on sleep, including its daily amount and architecture, as well as the specific EEG oscillations. Neither the neurophysiological underpinnings nor the biological significance of these changes are understood, and crucially the question remains whether aging is associated with reduced sleep need or a diminished capacity to generate sufficient sleep. Here we tested the hypothesis that aging may affect local cortical networks, disrupting the capacity to generate and sustain sleep oscillations, and with it the local homeostatic response to sleep loss. We performed chronic recordings of cortical neural activity and local field potentials from the motor cortex in young and older male C57BL/6J mice, during spontaneous waking and sleep, as well as during sleep after sleep deprivation. In older animals, we observed an increase in the incidence of non-rapid eye movement sleep local field potential slow waves and their associated neuronal silent (OFF) periods, whereas the overall pattern of state-dependent cortical neuronal firing was generally similar between ages. Furthermore, we observed that the response to sleep deprivation at the level of local cortical network activity was not affected by aging. Our data thus suggest that the local cortical neural dynamics and local sleep homeostatic mechanisms, at least in the motor cortex, are not impaired during healthy senescence in mice. This indicates that powerful protective or compensatory mechanisms may exist to maintain neuronal function stable across the life span, counteracting global changes in sleep amount and architecture. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The biological significance of age-dependent changes in sleep is unknown but may reflect either a diminished sleep need or a reduced capacity to generate deep sleep stages. As aging has been linked to profound disruptions in cortical sleep oscillations and because sleep need is reflected in specific patterns of cortical activity, we performed chronic electrophysiological recordings of cortical neural activity during waking, sleep, and after sleep deprivation from young and older mice. We found that all main hallmarks of cortical activity during spontaneous sleep and recovery sleep after sleep deprivation were largely intact in older mice, suggesting that the well-described age-related changes in global sleep are unlikely to arise from a disruption of local network dynamics within the neocortex.
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29
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Marcos P, González-Fuentes J, Castro-Vázquez L, Lozano MV, Santander-Ortega MJ, Rodríguez-Robledo V, Villaseca-González N, Arroyo-Jiménez MM. Vitamin transporters in mice brain with aging. J Anat 2018; 232:699-715. [PMID: 29315537 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Its high metabolic rate and high polyunsaturated fatty acid content make the brain very sensitive to oxidative damage. In the brain, neuronal metabolism occurs at a very high rate and generates considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which accumulate inside neurons, leading to altered cellular homeostasis and integrity and eventually irreversible damage and cell death. A misbalance in redox metabolism and the subsequent neurodegeneration increase throughout the course of normal aging, leading to several age-related changes in learning and memory as well as motor functions. The neuroprotective function of antioxidants is crucial to maintain good brain homeostasis and adequate neuronal functions. Vitamins E and C are two important antioxidants that are taken up by brain cells via the specific carriers αTTP and SVCT2, respectively. The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution pattern of these vitamin transporters in the brain in a mouse model that shows fewer signs of brain aging and a higher resistance to oxidative damage. Both carriers were distributed widely throughout the entire brain in a pattern that remained similar in 4-, 12-, 18- and 24-month-old mice. In general, αTTP and SVCT2 were located in the same regions, but they seemed to have complementary distribution patterns. Double-labeled cell bodies were detected only in the inferior colliculus, entorhinal cortex, dorsal subiculum, and several cortical areas. In addition, the presence of αTTP and SVCT2 in neurons was analyzed using double immunohistochemistry for NeuN and the results showed that αTTP but not SVCT2 was present in Bergmann's glia. The presence of these transporters in brain regions implicated in learning, memory and motor control provides an anatomical basis that may explain the higher resistance of this animal model to brain oxidative stress, which is associated with better motor performance and learning abilities in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marcos
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - J González-Fuentes
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - L Castro-Vázquez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - M V Lozano
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - M J Santander-Ortega
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - V Rodríguez-Robledo
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - N Villaseca-González
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
| | - M M Arroyo-Jiménez
- Cellular Neuroanatomy and Molecular Chemistry of Central Nervous System, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, CRIB (Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas), Albacete, Spain
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Ivanisevic J, Stauch KL, Petrascheck M, Benton HP, Epstein AA, Fang M, Gorantla S, Tran M, Hoang L, Kurczy ME, Boska MD, Gendelman HE, Fox HS, Siuzdak G. Metabolic drift in the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1000-20. [PMID: 27182841 PMCID: PMC4931850 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain function is highly dependent upon controlled energy metabolism whose loss heralds cognitive impairments. This is particularly notable in the aged individuals and in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. However, how metabolic homeostasis is disrupted in the aging brain is still poorly understood. Here we performed global, metabolomic and proteomic analyses across different anatomical regions of mouse brain at different stages of its adult lifespan. Interestingly, while severe proteomic imbalance was absent, global-untargeted metabolomics revealed an energy metabolic drift or significant imbalance in core metabolite levels in aged mouse brains. Metabolic imbalance was characterized by compromised cellular energy status (NAD decline, increased AMP/ATP, purine/pyrimidine accumulation) and significantly altered oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide biosynthesis and degradation. The central energy metabolic drift suggests a failure of the cellular machinery to restore metabostasis (metabolite homeostasis) in the aged brain and therefore an inability to respond properly to external stimuli, likely driving the alterations in signaling activity and thus in neuronal function and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Research Platform, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kelly L Stauch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Departments of Chemical Physiology, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - H Paul Benton
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adrian A Epstein
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Santhi Gorantla
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Minerva Tran
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linh Hoang
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael E Kurczy
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Innovative Medicine, AstraZeneca, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Michael D Boska
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-1045, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Howard S Fox
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5800, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Vemuri P, Lesnick TG, Przybelski SA, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Graff-Radford J, Roberts RO, Mielke MM, Machulda MM, Petersen RC, Jack CR. Age, vascular health, and Alzheimer disease biomarkers in an elderly sample. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:706-718. [PMID: 29023983 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between age, vascular health, and Alzheimer disease (AD) imaging biomarkers in an elderly sample. METHODS We identified 430 individuals along the cognitive continuum aged >60 years with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. A subset of 329 individuals had fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET. We ascertained presently existing cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (CMC) from health care records and used the summation of presence/absence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke as a surrogate for vascular health. We used global amyloid from Pittsburgh compound B PET, entorhinal cortex tau uptake (ERC-tau) from tau-PET, and neurodegeneration in AD signature regions from MRI and FDG-PET as surrogates for AD pathophysiology. We dichotomized participants into CMC = 0 (CMC- ) versus CMC > 0 (CMC+ ) and tested for age-adjusted group differences in AD biomarkers. Using structural equation models (SEMs), we assessed the impact of vascular health on AD biomarker cascade (amyloid leads to tau leads to neurodegeneration) after considering the direct and indirect age, sex, and apolipoprotein E effects. RESULTS CMC+ participants had significantly greater neurodegeneration than CMC- participants but did not differ by amyloid or ERC-tau. The SEMs showed that (1) vascular health had a significant direct and indirect impact on neurodegeneration but not on amyloid; and (2) vascular health, specifically the presence of hyperlipidemia, had a significant direct impact on ERC-tau. INTERPRETATION Vascular health had quantifiably greater impact on neurodegeneration in AD regions than on amyloid deposition. Longitudinal studies are warranted to clarify the relationship between tau deposition and vascular health. Ann Neurol 2017;82:706-718.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Therneau TM, Knopman DS, Lowe V, Vemuri P, Mielke MM, Roberts RO, Machulda MM, Senjem ML, Gunter JL, Rocca WA, Petersen RC. Age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of cerebral β-amyloidosis, tauopathy, and neurodegeneration in cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 50-95 years: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Neurol 2017; 16:435-444. [PMID: 28456479 PMCID: PMC5516534 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(17)30077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new classification for biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive ageing research is based on grouping the markers into three categories: amyloid deposition (A), tauopathy (T), and neurodegeneration or neuronal injury (N). Dichotomising these biomarkers as normal or abnormal results in eight possible profiles. We determined the clinical characteristics and prevalence of each ATN profile in cognitively unimpaired individuals aged 50 years and older. METHODS All participants were in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, a population-based study that uses a medical records linkage system to enumerate all individuals aged 50-89 years in Olmsted County, MN, USA. Potential participants are randomly selected, stratified by age and sex, and invited to participate in cognitive assessments; individuals without medical contraindications are invited to participate in brain imaging studies. Participants who were judged clinically as having no cognitive impairment and underwent multimodality imaging between Oct 11, 2006, and Oct 5, 2016, were included in the current study. Participants were classified as having normal (A-) or abnormal (A+) amyloid using amyloid PET, normal (T-) or abnormal (T+) tau using tau PET, and normal (N-) or abnormal (N+) neurodegeneration or neuronal injury using cortical thickness assessed by MRI. We used the cutoff points of standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) 1·42 (centiloid 19) for amyloid PET, 1·23 SUVR for tau PET, and 2·67 mm for MRI cortical thickness. Age-specific and sex-specific prevalences of the eight groups were determined using multinomial models combining data from 435 individuals with amyloid PET, tau PET, and MRI assessments, and 1113 individuals who underwent amyloid PET and MRI, but not tau PET imaging. FINDINGS The numbers of participants in each profile group were 165 A-T-N-, 35 A-T+N-, 63 A-T-N+, 19 A-T+N+, 44 A+T-N-, 25 A+T+N-, 35 A+T-N+, and 49 A+T+N+. Age differed by ATN group (p<0·0001), ranging from a median 58 years (IQR 55-64) in A-T-N- and 57 years (54-64) in A-T+N- to a median 80 years (75-84) in A+T-N+ and 79 years (73-87) in A+T+N+. The number of APOE ε4 carriers differed by ATN group (p=0·04), with carriers roughly twice as frequent in each A+ group versus the corresponding A- group. White matter hyperintensity volume (p<0·0001) and cognitive performance (p<0·0001) also differed by ATN group. Tau PET and neurodegeneration biomarkers were discordant in most individuals who would be categorised as stage 2 or 3 preclinical Alzheimer's disease (A+T+N-, A+T-N+, and A+T+N+; 86% at age 65 years and 51% at age 80 years) or with suspected non-Alzheimer's pathophysiology (A-T+N-, A-T-N+, and A-T+N+; 92% at age 65 years and 78% at age 80 years). From age 50 years, A-T-N- prevalence declined and A+T+N+ and A-T+N+ prevalence increased. In both men and women, A-T-N- was the most prevalent until age late 70s. After about age 80 years, A+T+N+ was most prevalent. By age 85 years, more than 90% of men and women had one or more biomarker abnormalities. INTERPRETATION Biomarkers of fibrillar tau deposition can be included with those of β-amyloidosis and neurodegeneration or neuronal injury to more fully characterise the heterogeneous pathological profiles in the population. Both amyloid- dependent and amyloid-independent pathological profiles can be identified in the cognitively unimpaired population. The prevalence of each ATN group changed substantially with age, with progression towards more biomarker abnormalities among individuals who remained cognitively unimpaired. FUNDING National Institute on Aging (part of the US National Institutes of Health), the Alexander Family Professorship of Alzheimer's Disease Research, the Mayo Clinic, and the GHR Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather J Wiste
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Terry M Therneau
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Val Lowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rosebud O Roberts
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew L Senjem
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Gunter
- Department of Information Technology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Walter A Rocca
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Vijayan V, Verstreken P. Autophagy in the presynaptic compartment in health and disease. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1895-1906. [PMID: 28515275 PMCID: PMC5496617 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201611113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vijayan and Verstreken review the process of autophagy in the synapse and the role of autophagy in maintaining neuronal function. Synapses are functionally distinct neuronal compartments that are critical for brain function, with synaptic dysfunction being an early pathological feature in aging and disease. Given the large number of proteins needed for synaptic function, the proliferation of defective proteins and the subsequent loss of protein homeostasis may be a leading cause of synaptic dysfunction. Autophagic mechanisms are cellular digestion processes that recycle cellular components and contribute to protein homeostasis. Autophagy is important within the nervous system, but its function in specific compartments such as the synapse has been unclear. Evidence from research on both autophagy and synaptic function suggests that there are links between the two and that synaptic homeostasis during aging requires autophagy to regulate protein homeostasis. Exciting new work on autophagy-modulating proteins that are enriched at the synapse has begun to link autophagy to synapses and synaptic dysfunction in disease. A better understanding of these links will help us harness the potential therapeutic benefits of autophagy in combating age-related disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoy Vijayan
- Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium .,Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Katholieke University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Katholieke University Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Patel BA, Fidalgo S, Wang C, Parmar L, Mandona K, Panossian A, Flint MS, Ranson RN, Saffrey MJ, Yeoman MS. The TNF-α antagonist etanercept reverses age-related decreases in colonic SERT expression and faecal output in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42754. [PMID: 28198447 DOI: 10.1038/srep42754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for chronic constipation in older people is challenging and the condition has a major impact on quality of life. A lack of understanding about the causes of this condition has hampered the development of effective treatments. 5-HT is an important pro-kinetic agent in the colon. We examined whether alterations in colonic 5-HT signalling underlie age-related changes in faecal output in mice and whether these changes were due to an increase in TNF-α. Components of the 5-HT signalling system (5-HT, 5-HIAA, SERT) and TNF-α expression were examined in the distal colon of 3, 12, 18 and 24-month old mice and faecal output and water content monitored under control conditions and following the administration of etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor; 1 mg Kg-1). Faecal output and water content were reduced in aged animals. Age increased mucosal 5-HT availability and TNF-α expression and decreased mucosal SERT expression and 5-HIAA. Etanercept treatment of old mice reversed these changes, suggesting that age-related changes in TNFα expression are an important regulator of mucosal 5-HT signalling and pellet output and water content in old mice. These data point to "anti-TNFα" drugs as potential treatments for age-related chronic constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Sara Fidalgo
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Leena Parmar
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Kasonde Mandona
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Annabelle Panossian
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Melanie S Flint
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Richard N Ranson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - M Jill Saffrey
- Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Mark S Yeoman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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Neuroinflammation as Fuel for Axonal Regeneration in the Injured Vertebrate Central Nervous System. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9478542. [PMID: 28203046 PMCID: PMC5288536 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9478542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly, as repair after lesions or neurodegenerative disease usually fails because of the limited capacity of CNS regeneration. The causes underlying this limited regenerative potential are multifactorial, but one critical aspect is neuroinflammation. Although classically considered as harmful, it is now becoming increasingly clear that inflammation can also promote regeneration, if the appropriate context is provided. Here, we review the current knowledge on how acute inflammation is intertwined with axonal regeneration, an important component of CNS repair. After optic nerve or spinal cord injury, inflammatory stimulation and/or modification greatly improve the regenerative outcome in rodents. Moreover, the hypothesis of a beneficial role of inflammation is further supported by evidence from adult zebrafish, which possess the remarkable capability to repair CNS lesions and even restore functionality. Lastly, we shed light on the impact of aging processes on the regenerative capacity in the CNS of mammals and zebrafish. As aging not only affects the CNS, but also the immune system, the regeneration potential is expected to further decline in aged individuals, an element that should definitely be considered in the search for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Rodriguez-Callejas JD, Fuchs E, Perez-Cruz C. Evidence of Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Dystrophic Microglia in the Common Marmoset. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:315. [PMID: 28066237 PMCID: PMC5177639 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have recently gained popularity in biomedical research as models of aging research. Basically, they confer advantages from other non-human primates due to their shorter lifespan with onset of appearance of aging at 8 years. Old marmosets present some markers linked to neurodegeneration in the brain such as amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 and Aβ1-40. However, there are no studies exploring other cellular markers associated with neurodegenerative diseases in this non-human primate. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed brains of male adolescent, adult, old, and aged marmosets. We observed accumulation of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 in the cortex of aged subjects. Tau hyperphosphorylation was already detected in the brain of adolescent animals and increased with aging in a more fibrillary form. Microglia activation was also observed in the aging process, while a dystrophic phenotype accumulates in aged subjects. Interestingly, dystrophic microglia contained hyperphosphorylated tau, but active microglia did not. These results support previous findings regarding microglia dysfunctionality in aging and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's disease. Further studies should explore the functional consequences of these findings to position this non-human primate as animal model of aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Rodriguez-Callejas
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- Clinical Neurobiology Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen Germany
| | - Claudia Perez-Cruz
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV) Mexico City, Mexico
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Fu TM, Hong G, Zhou T, Schuhmann TG, Viveros RD, Lieber CM. Stable long-term chronic brain mapping at the single-neuron level. Nat Methods 2016; 13:875-82. [PMID: 27571550 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable in vivo mapping and modulation of the same neurons and brain circuits over extended periods is critical to both neuroscience and medicine. Current electrical implants offer single-neuron spatiotemporal resolution but are limited by such factors as relative shear motion and chronic immune responses during long-term recording. To overcome these limitations, we developed a chronic in vivo recording and stimulation platform based on flexible mesh electronics, and we demonstrated stable multiplexed local field potentials and single-unit recordings in mouse brains for at least 8 months without probe repositioning. Properties of acquired signals suggest robust tracking of the same neurons over this period. This recording and stimulation platform allowed us to evoke stable single-neuron responses to chronic electrical stimulation and to carry out longitudinal studies of brain aging in freely behaving mice. Such advantages could open up future studies in mapping and modulating changes associated with learning, aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas G Schuhmann
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert D Viveros
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Riedel BC, Thompson PM, Brinton RD. Age, APOE and sex: Triad of risk of Alzheimer's disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:134-47. [PMID: 26969397 PMCID: PMC4905558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Age, apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE) and chromosomal sex are well-established risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD; AD). Over 60% of persons with AD harbor at least one APOE-ε4 allele. The sex-based prevalence of AD is well documented with over 60% of persons with AD being female. Evidence indicates that the APOE-ε4 risk for AD is greater in women than men, which is particularly evident in heterozygous women carrying one APOE-ε4 allele. Paradoxically, men homozygous for APOE-ε4 are reported to be at greater risk for mild cognitive impairment and AD. Herein, we discuss the complex interplay between the three greatest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, age, APOE-ε4 genotype and chromosomal sex. We propose that the convergence of these three risk factors, and specifically the bioenergetic aging perimenopause to menopause transition unique to the female, creates a risk profile for AD unique to the female. Further, we discuss the specific risk of the APOE-ε4 positive male which appears to emerge early in the aging process. Evidence for impact of the triad of AD risk factors is most evident in the temporal trajectory of AD progression and burden of pathology in relation to APOE genotype, age and sex. Collectively, the data indicate complex interactions between age, APOE genotype and gender that belies a one size fits all approach and argues for a precision medicine approach that integrates across the three main risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandalyn C Riedel
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- USC Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Periodic acid-Schiff granules in the brain of aged mice: From amyloid aggregates to degenerative structures containing neo-epitopes. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 27:42-55. [PMID: 26970374 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain ageing in mice leads to the progressive appearance and expansion of degenerative granular structures frequently referred as "PAS granules" because of their positive staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). PAS granules are present mainly in the hippocampus, although they have also been described in other brain areas such as piriform and entorhinal cortices, and have been observed in other mammals than mice, like rats and monkeys. PAS granules have been identified as a wide range of brain deposits related to numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, Lafora bodies, corpora amylacea and polyglucosan bodies, and these identifications have generated controversy and particular theories about them. We have recently reported the presence of a neo-epitope in mice hippocampal PAS granules and the existence of natural IgM auto-antibodies directed against the neo-epitope in the plasma of the animals. The significance of the neo-epitope and the autoantibodies is discussed in this review. Moreover, we observed that the IgM anti-neo-epitope is frequently present as a contaminant in numerous commercial antibodies and is responsible of a considerable amount of false positive immunostainings, which may produce misinterpretations in the identification of the granules. Now that this point has been clarified, this article reviews and reconsiders the nature and physiopathological significance of these degenerative granules. Moreover, we suggest that neo-epitopes may turn into a useful brain-ageing biomarker and that autoimmunity could become a new focus in the study of age-related degenerative processes.
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40
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Herbert J, Lucassen PJ. Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: Genes, steroids, cytokines and neurogenesis - What do we need to know? Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:153-71. [PMID: 26746105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Depression (MDD) is prodromal to, and a component of, Alzheimer's disease (AD): it may also be a trigger for incipient AD. MDD is not a unitary disorder, so there may be particular subtypes of early life MDD that pose independent high risks for later AD, though the identification of these subtypes is problematical. There may either be a common pathological event underlying both MDD and AD, or MDD may sensitize the brain to a second event ('hit') that precipitates AD. MDD may also accelerate brain ageing, including altered DNA methylation, increased cortisol but decreasing DHEA and thus the risk for AD. So far, genes predicting AD (e.g. APOEε4) are not risk factors for MDD, and those implicated in MDD (e.g. SLC6A4) are not risks for AD, so a common genetic predisposition looks unlikely. There is as yet no strong indication that an epigenetic event occurs during some forms of MDD that predisposes to later AD, though the evidence is limited. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are disturbed in some cases of MDD and in AD. GCs have marked degenerative actions on the hippocampus, a site of early β-amyloid deposition, and rare genetic variants of GC-regulating enzymes (e.g. 11β-HSD) predispose to AD. GCs also inhibit hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity, and thus episodic memory, a core symptom of AD. Disordered GCs in MDD may inhibit neurogenesis, but the contribution of diminished neurogenesis to the onset or progression of AD is still debated. GCs and cytokines also reduce BDNF, implicated in both MDD and AD and hippocampal neurogenesis, reinforcing the notion that those cases of MDD with disordered GCs may be a risk for AD. Cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα, are increased in the blood in some cases of MDD. They also reduce hippocampal neurogenesis, and increased cytokines are a known risk for later AD. Inflammatory changes occur in both MDD and AD (e.g. raised CRP, TNFα). Both cytokines and GCs can have pro-inflammatory actions in the brain. Inflammation (e.g. microglial activation) may be a common link, but this has not been systematically investigated. We lack substantial, rigorous and comprehensive follow-up studies to better identify possible subtypes of MDD that may represent a major predictor for later AD. This would enable specific interventions during critical episodes of these subtypes of MDD that should reduce this substantial risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Jack CR, Knopman DS, Chételat G, Dickson D, Fagan AM, Frisoni GB, Jagust W, Mormino EC, Petersen RC, Sperling RA, van der Flier WM, Villemagne VL, Visser PJ, Vos SJB. Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology--concept and controversy. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:117-24. [PMID: 26782335 PMCID: PMC4784257 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that applies to individuals with normal levels of amyloid-β biomarkers in the brain, but in whom biomarkers of neurodegeneration are abnormal. The term SNAP has been applied to clinically normal individuals (who do not meet criteria for either mild cognitive impairment or dementia) and to individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but is applicable to any amyloid-negative, neurodegeneration-positive individual regardless of clinical status, except when the pathology underlying neurodegeneration can be reliably inferred from the clinical presentation. SNAP is present in ∼23% of clinically normal individuals aged >65 years and in ∼25% of mildly cognitively impaired individuals. APOE*ε4 is underrepresented in individuals with SNAP compared with amyloid-positive individuals. Clinically normal and mildly impaired individuals with SNAP have worse clinical and/or cognitive outcomes than individuals with normal levels of neurodegeneration and amyloid-β biomarkers. In this Perspectives article, we describe the available data on SNAP and address topical controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gaël Chételat
- INSERM, Université de Caen, EPHE, CHU de Caen, U1077, Caen, France
| | - Dennis Dickson
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Avenue, Suite 101, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Genève, Switzerland
| | - William Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center, Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging &Therapy, Centre for PET, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, PO Box 5555 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3084
| | - Pieter J Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephanie J B Vos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
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Van houcke J, De Groef L, Dekeyster E, Moons L. The zebrafish as a gerontology model in nervous system aging, disease, and repair. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:358-68. [PMID: 26538520 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the increasing number of elderly in the world's population today, developing effective treatments for age-related pathologies is one of the biggest challenges in modern medical research. Age-related neurodegeneration, in particular, significantly impacts important sensory, motor, and cognitive functions, seriously constraining life quality of many patients. Although our understanding of the causal mechanisms of aging has greatly improved in recent years, animal model systems still have much to tell us about this complex process. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have gained enormous popularity for this research topic over the past decade, since their life span is relatively short but, like humans, they are still subject to gradual aging. In addition, the extensive characterization of its well-conserved molecular and cellular physiology makes the zebrafish an excellent model to unravel the underlying mechanisms of aging, disease, and repair. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in zebrafish gerontology, with special emphasis on nervous system aging. We review the evidence that classic hallmarks of aging can also be recognized within this small vertebrate, both at the molecular and cellular level. Moreover, we illustrate the high level of similarity with age-associated human pathologies through a survey of the functional deficits that arise as zebrafish age.
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Long-Term Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid Supplement Alleviates Cognitive Impairment Correlate with Activating Hippocampal CREB Signaling in Natural Aging Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4772-86. [PMID: 26328539 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a major precursor of the essential n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), whose deficiency alters the structure and function of membranes and induces cerebral dysfunctions. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of prolonged ALA intake on cognitive function during natural aging. Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months were chronically treated with ALA and/or lard per day for 12 months. Regular diet-treated rats, both young and old (4 and 18 months old, respectively) served as controls. Rats fed on regular diet during aging showed memory deficits in Morris water maze, which were further exacerbated by lard intake. However, supplementation with ALA for 12 months dose-dependently improved the performance in spatial working memory tasks. Memory performance correlated well with the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and increases in both levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Further study identified that hippocampal extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt rather than calcium calmodulin kinase IV (CaMKIV) and protein kinase A (PKA), the upstream signalings of CREB, were also activated by ALA supplement. Moreover, memory improvement was accompanied with alterations of hippocampal synaptic structure and number, suggestive of enhancement in synaptic plasticity. Together, these results suggest that long-term dietary intake of ALA enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway through the activation of ERK and Akt signalings in hippocampus, which contributes to its ameliorative effects on cognitive deficits in natural aging.
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Scutt G, Allen M, Kemenes G, Yeoman M. A switch in the mode of the sodium/calcium exchanger underlies an age-related increase in the slow afterhyperpolarization. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2838-49. [PMID: 26163984 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During aging, the Ca(2+)-sensitive slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) of hippocampal neurons is known to increase in duration. This change has also been observed in the serotonergic cerebral giant cells (CGCs) of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, but has yet to be characterized. In this article, we confirm that there is a reduction in firing rate, an increase in the duration of the sAHP, and an alteration in the strength and speed of spike frequency adaptation in the CGCs during aging, a finding that is compatible with an increase in the sAHP current. We go on to show that age-related changes in the kinetics of spike frequency adaptation are consistent with a reduction in Ca(2+) clearance from the cell, which we confirm with Ca(2+) imaging and pharmacological manipulation of the sodium calcium exchanger. These experiments suggest that the sodium calcium exchanger may be switching to a reverse-mode configuration in the CGCs during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Scutt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK.
| | - Marcus Allen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - György Kemenes
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Mark Yeoman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
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Puzzo D, Gulisano W, Palmeri A, Arancio O. Rodent models for Alzheimer's disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:703-11. [PMID: 25927677 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1041913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and personality changes, leading to dementia. Histopathological hallmarks are represented by aggregates of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in senile plaques and deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Rare forms of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease are due to gene mutations. This has prompted researchers to develop genetically modified animals that could recapitulate the main features of the disease. The use of these models is complemented by non-genetically modified animals. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the characteristics of the most used transgenic (Tg) and non-Tg models of AD. The authors have focused on models mainly used in their laboratories including amyloid precursor protein (APP) Tg2576, APP/presenilin 1, 3xAD, single h-Tau, non-Tg mice treated with acute injections of Aβ or tau, and models of physiological aging. EXPERT OPINION Animal models of disease might be very useful for studying the pathophysiology of the disease and for testing new therapeutics in preclinical studies but they do not reproduce the entire clinical features of human AD. When selecting a model, researchers should consider the various factors that might influence the phenotype. They should also consider the timing of testing/treating animals since the age at which each model develops certain aspects of the AD pathology varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Puzzo
- University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology , Catania 95100 , Italy
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Escames G, Díaz-Casado ME, Doerrier C, Luna-Sánchez M, López LC, Acuña-Castroviejo D. Early gender differences in the redox status of the brain mitochondria with age: effects of melatonin therapy. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 16:91-100. [PMID: 25436750 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stress are common features of senescence, and they explain some of the pathophysiological events during aging. In different animal models of aging, the existence of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported. There is no information, however, regarding the age when these symptoms begin and if they account for gender differences in aging. Here we analyzed oxidative/nitrosative stress markers and bioenergetics in the brain mitochondria of normal mice during the first 10 months of life, looking for early signs of senescence. Male and female mice were treated with vehicle or melatonin during the first 9 months of life, starting at weaning. Mice were sacrificed at 5 and 10 months of life, and pure brain mitochondria were prepared and assayed for respiratory chain activity, ATP production, and oxidative/nitrosative stress status. The results showed that the brain mitochondria from male mice have a better glutathione cycle than female mice, whereas female mice have higher electron transport chain activity and ATP production at 5 months old. Five months later, however, oxidative/nitrosative stress markers increased in both male and female mice, thus eliminating the differences between the genders. More importantly, these changes were prevented by chronic melatonin administration, which also restored the gender differences found in 5-month-old mice. Thus, melatonin administration as a single therapy can maintain the full function of the brain mitochondria during the early events of aging, a finding that has important consequences in the pathophysiology of brain senescence.
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Hermann PM, Watson SN, Wildering WC. Phospholipase A2 - nexus of aging, oxidative stress, neuronal excitability, and functional decline of the aging nervous system? Insights from a snail model system of neuronal aging and age-associated memory impairment. Front Genet 2014; 5:419. [PMID: 25538730 PMCID: PMC4255604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes a range of changes varying from subtle structural and physiological changes causing only minor functional decline under healthy normal aging conditions, to severe cognitive or neurological impairment associated with extensive loss of neurons and circuits due to age-associated neurodegenerative disease conditions. Understanding how biological aging processes affect the brain and how they contribute to the onset and progress of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases is a core research goal in contemporary neuroscience. This review focuses on the idea that changes in intrinsic neuronal electrical excitability associated with (per)oxidation of membrane lipids and activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes are an important mechanism of learning and memory failure under normal aging conditions. Specifically, in the context of this special issue on the biology of cognitive aging we portray the opportunities offered by the identifiable neurons and behaviorally characterized neural circuits of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis in neuronal aging research and recapitulate recent insights indicating a key role of lipid peroxidation-induced PLA2 as instruments of aging, oxidative stress and inflammation in age-associated neuronal and memory impairment in this model system. The findings are discussed in view of accumulating evidence suggesting involvement of analogous mechanisms in the etiology of age-associated dysfunction and disease of the human and mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra M Hermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn N Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Willem C Wildering
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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Baruch K, Deczkowska A, David E, Castellano JM, Miller O, Kertser A, Berkutzki T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Bezalel D, Wyss-Coray T, Amit I, Schwartz M. Aging. Aging-induced type I interferon response at the choroid plexus negatively affects brain function. Science 2014; 346:89-93. [PMID: 25147279 PMCID: PMC4869326 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated cognitive decline is affected by factors produced inside and outside the brain. By using multiorgan genome-wide analysis of aged mice, we found that the choroid plexus, an interface between the brain and the circulation, shows a type I interferon (IFN-I)-dependent gene expression profile that was also found in aged human brains. In aged mice, this response was induced by brain-derived signals, present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Blocking IFN-I signaling within the aged brain partially restored cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis and reestablished IFN-II-dependent choroid plexus activity, which is lost in aging. Our data identify a chronic aging-induced IFN-I signature, often associated with antiviral response, at the brain's choroid plexus and demonstrate its negative influence on brain function, thereby suggesting a target for ameliorating cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuti Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph M Castellano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Omer Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Kertser
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tamara Berkutzki
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Dana Bezalel
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Michal Schwartz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Faragher R, Frasca D, Remarque E, Pawelec G. Better immunity in later life: a position paper. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9619. [PMID: 24532368 PMCID: PMC4082593 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9619-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest challenge that health-care systems will have to deal with this century. This is because a wide spectrum of pathological impairments emerge in the later part of the human life course which sharply increase mortality and reduce quality of life. Dysfunction of the immune system with advancing age is of crucial importance to the development of disability in later life and finally death. Understanding immune ageing, immunosenescence, has long been recognised as an essential prerequisite for the delivery of effective interventions which will improve late life health. Ten years ago, the ImAginE consortium undertook a broad ranging series of projects which added significantly to our understanding of how fundamental ageing mechanisms drove immune decline. In the decade which followed, abundant evidence has accumulated from nonhuman model systems that ageing results from the progressive operation of a relatively few common processes which act across the major organ systems. These advances in fundamental understanding both allow better clarification of the potential cross-system dysregulation that occurs in ageing and open new avenues for intervention. Over the course of a 2-day workshop, the original ImAginE participants have considered these issues and present some suggestions for current priority areas in immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Faragher
- />School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton, UK
| | - Daniela Frasca
- />Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Room 3146A, Rosenstiel Medical Science Building, Miami, FL USA
| | - Edmond Remarque
- />Department of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, PO Box 3306, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Graham Pawelec
- />Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group (TATI) Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohaematology ZMF, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
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50
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Petralia RS, Mattson MP, Yao PJ. Communication breakdown: the impact of ageing on synapse structure. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:31-42. [PMID: 24495392 PMCID: PMC4094371 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Impaired synaptic plasticity is implicated in the functional decline of the nervous system associated with ageing. Understanding the structure of ageing synapses is essential to understanding the functions of these synapses and their role in the ageing nervous system. In this review, we summarize studies on ageing synapses in vertebrates and invertebrates, focusing on changes in morphology and ultrastructure. We cover different parts of the nervous system, including the brain, the retina, the cochlea, and the neuromuscular junction. The morphological characteristics of aged synapses could shed light on the underlying molecular changes and their functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Petralia
- Advanced Imaging Core, NIDCD/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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