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Liu Y, Wang J, Yang J, Xia J, Yu J, Chen D, Huang Y, Yang F, Ruan Y, Xu JF, Pi J. Nanomaterial-mediated host directed therapy of tuberculosis by manipulating macrophage autophagy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:608. [PMID: 39379986 PMCID: PMC11462893 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a major public health issue worldwide. Mtb has developed complicated strategies to inhibit the immunological clearance of host cells, which significantly promote TB epidemic and weaken the anti-TB treatments. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is a novel approach in the field of anti-infection for overcoming antimicrobial resistance by enhancing the antimicrobial activities of phagocytes through phagosomal maturation, autophagy and antimicrobial peptides. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular event within eukaryotic cells that is effective against a variety of bacterial infections, has been shown to play a protective role in host defense against Mtb. In recent decades, the introduction of nanomaterials into medical fields open up a new scene for novel therapeutics with enhanced efficiency and safety against different diseases. The active modification of nanomaterials not only allows their attractive targeting effects against the host cells, but also introduce the potential to regulate the host anti-TB immunological mechanisms, such as apoptosis, autophagy or macrophage polarization. In this review, we introduced the mechanisms of host cell autophagy for intracellular Mtb clearance, and how functional nanomaterials regulate autophagy for disease treatment. Moreover, we summarized the recent advances of nanomaterials for autophagy regulations as novel HDT strategies for anti-TB treatment, which may benefit the development of more effective anti-TB treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongsheng Chen
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Research Center of Nano Technology and Application Engineering, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology and Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Innovation Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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Guo X, Wang J, Wu Y, Zhu X, Xu L. Renal aging and mitochondrial quality control. Biogerontology 2024; 25:399-414. [PMID: 38349436 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in different cellular process that control metabolism, cell division, and survival, and the kidney is one of the most metabolically active organs that contains abundant mitochondria. Perturbations in mitochondrial homeostasis in the kidney can accelerate kidney aging, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis can effectively delay aging in the kidney. Kidney aging is a degenerative process linked to detrimental processes. The significance of aberrant mitochondrial homeostasis in renal aging has received increasing attention. However, the contribution of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) to renal aging has not been reviewed in detail. Here, we generalize the current factors contributing to renal aging, review the alterations in MQC during renal injury and aging, and analyze the relationship between mitochondria and intrinsic renal cells. We also introduce MQC in the context of renal aging, and discuss the study of mitochondria in the intrinsic cells of the kidney, which is the innovation of our paper. In addition, during kidney injury and repair, the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of MQC systems in resident and circulating cell types remain unclear. Currently, most of the studies we reviewed are based on animal and cellular models, the relationship between renal tissue aging and mitochondria has not been adequately investigated in clinical studies, and there is still a long way to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Guo
- Department of Laboratory, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinjie Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinwang Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ai S, Li Y, Zheng H, Wang Z, Liu W, Tao J, Li Y, Wang Y. Global research trends and hot spots on autophagy and kidney diseases: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2022. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275792. [PMID: 38099142 PMCID: PMC10719858 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy is an essential cellular process involving the self-degradation and recycling of organelles, proteins, and cellular debris. Recent research has shown that autophagy plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of kidney diseases. However, there is a lack of bibliometric analysis regarding the relationship between autophagy and kidney diseases. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted by searching for literature related to autophagy and kidney diseases in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2000 to 2022. Data processing was carried out using R package "Bibliometrix", VOSviewers, and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 4,579 articles related to autophagy and kidney diseases were collected from various countries. China and the United States were the main countries contributing to the publications. The number of publications in this field showed a year-on-year increasing trend, with open-access journals playing a major role in driving the literature output. Nanjing Medical University in China, Osaka University in Japan, and the University of Pittsburgh in the United States were the main research institutions. The journal "International journal of molecular sciences" had the highest number of publications, while "Autophagy" was the most influential journal in the field. These articles were authored by 18,583 individuals, with Dong, Zheng; Koya, Daisuke; and Kume, Shinji being the most prolific authors, and Dong, Zheng being the most frequently co-cited author. Research on autophagy mainly focused on diabetic kidney diseases, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease. "Autophagy", "apoptosis", and "oxidative stress" were the primary research hotspots. Topics such as "diabetic kidney diseases", "sepsis", "ferroptosis", "nrf2", "hypertension" and "pi3k" may represent potential future development trends. Research on autophagy has gradually focused on metabolic-related kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and hypertension. Additionally, PI3K, NRF2, and ferroptosis have been recent research directions in the field of autophagy mechanisms. Conclusion: This is the first comprehensive bibliometric study summarizing the relationship between autophagy and kidney diseases. The findings aid in identifying recent research frontiers and hot topics, providing valuable references for scholars investigating the role of autophagy in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Ai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yake Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - JiaYin Tao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaotan Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Qiu Y, Lei C, Zeng J, Xie Y, Cao Y, Yuan Q, Su H, Zhang Z, Zhang C. Asparagine endopeptidase protects podocytes in adriamycin-induced nephropathy by regulating actin dynamics through cleaving transgelin. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3337-3354. [PMID: 37689970 PMCID: PMC10638058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerular disorder causing end-stage renal diseases worldwide. Central to the pathogenesis of FSGS is podocyte dysfunction, which is induced by diverse insults. However, the mechanism governing podocyte injury and repair remains largely unexplored. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), a lysosomal protease, regulates substrates by residue-specific cleavage or degradation. We identified the increased AEP expression in the primary proteinuria model which was induced by adriamycin (ADR) to mimic human FSGS. In vivo, global AEP knockout mice manifested increased injury-susceptibility of podocytes in ADR-induced nephropathy (ADRN). Podocyte-specific AEP knockout mice exhibited much more severe glomerular lesions and podocyte injury after ADR injection. In contrast, podocyte-specific augmentation of AEP in mice protected against ADRN. In vitro, knockdown and overexpression of AEP in human podocytes revealed the cytoprotection of AEP as a cytoskeleton regulator. Furthermore, transgelin, an actin-binding protein regulating actin dynamics, was cleaved by AEP, and, as a result, removed its actin-binding regulatory domain. The truncated transgelin regulated podocyte actin dynamics and repressed podocyte hypermotility, compared to the native full-length transgelin. Together, our data reveal a link between lysosomal protease AEP and podocyte cytoskeletal homeostasis, which suggests a potential therapeutic role for AEP in proteinuria disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Chuntao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China.
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5
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Lu J, Li XQ, Chen PP, Zhang JX, Liu L, Wang GH, Liu XQ, Jiang TT, Wang MY, Liu WT, Ruan XZ, Ma KL. Activation of acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 mediates kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165817. [PMID: 37870960 PMCID: PMC10619493 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Albuminuria and podocyte injury are the key cellular events in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a nucleocytosolic enzyme responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in mammalian cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible roles of ACSS2 in kidney injury in DN. We constructed an ACSS2-deleted mouse model to investigate the role of ACSS2 in podocyte dysfunction and kidney injury in diabetic mouse models. In vitro, podocytes were chosen and transfected with ACSS2 siRNA and ACSS2 inhibitor and treated with high glucose. We found that ACSS2 expression was significantly elevated in the podocytes of patients with DN and diabetic mice. ACSS2 upregulation promoted phenotype transformation and inflammatory cytokine expression while inhibiting podocytes' autophagy. Conversely, ACSS2 inhibition improved autophagy and alleviated podocyte injury. Furthermore, ACSS2 epigenetically activated raptor expression by histone H3K9 acetylation, promoting activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of ACSS2 in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model greatly ameliorated kidney injury and podocyte dysfunction. To conclude, ACSS2 activation promoted podocyte injury in DN by raptor/mTORC1-mediated autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Qi Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Pei Chen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xiu Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Gui Hua Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Qi Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Ting Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Ying Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Tao Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiong Zhong Ruan
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Department of Renal Medicine, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kun Ling Ma
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Tseng CY, Yu PR, Hsu CC, Lin HH, Chen JH. The effect of isovitexin on lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury and inflammation by induction of protective autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 172:113581. [PMID: 36572206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that includes tubulointerstitial inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can increase reactive oxygen species production (ROS) that triggers cell inflammation. Isovitexin (IV) is a flavone that has the potential for anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to hypothesize that IV inhibited LPS-induced renal injury in vitro and in vivo. In vitro study, IV prevented LPS-induced ROS production and increased cell viability on SV40-MES-13 cells. Additionally, IV ameliorated mitochondrial membrane potential, downregulated inflammation and pyroptosis factors on LPS treatment. We found that LPS treatment reduced the expression of autophagy, however, this effect was reversed by IV. In vivo study, the renal injury model in C57BL/6 mice cotreatment with IV was examined. In addition, IV decreased LPS-induced glomerular atrophy and reduced inflammation-related cytokines releases. Further showed that IV could significantly reduce LPS-induced inflammation and pyroptosis factors in mice. Under the immunostaining, increased fluorescence of LC3 autophagy-related protein was recovered by IV. In summary, IV ameliorated renal injury, inflammation and increased protected autophagy by anti-ROS production, anti-inflammation, and anti-pyroptosis. In the future, the safety of isovitexin as a novel perspective for CKD patients should be evaluated in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yun Tseng
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rong Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Hsien Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan.
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7
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Lu X, Zhu C, Zhang C, Li X, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Shi X. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-aryl-7-hydroxy scopoletin derivatives as autophagy activators against tumorigenesis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sriratanasak N, Wattanathana W, Chanvorachote P. 6,6′-((Methylazanedyl)bis(methylene))bis(2,4-dimethylphenol) Induces Autophagic Associated Cell Death through mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Lung Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196230. [PMID: 36234769 PMCID: PMC9572635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the multistep mechanism for the elimination of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. This mechanism is preceded and may induce other program cell deaths such as apoptosis. This study unraveled the potential pharmacological effect of 24MD in inducing the autophagy of lung cancer cells. Results showed that 24MD was concomitant with autophagy induction, indicating by autophagosome staining and the induction of ATG5, ATG7 and ubiquitinated protein, p62 expression after 12-h treatment. LC3-I was strongly conversed to LC3-II, and p62 was downregulated after 24-h treatment. The apoptosis-inducing activity was found after 48-h treatment as indicated by annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and the activation of caspase-3. From a mechanistic perspective, 24-h treatment of 24MD at 60 μM substantially downregulated p-mTOR. Meanwhile, p-PI3K and p-Akt were also suppressed by 24MD at concentrations of 80 and 100 μM, respectively. We further confirmed m-TOR-mediated autophagic activity by comparing the effect of 24MD with rapamycin, a potent standard mTOR1 inhibitor through Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Although 24MD could not suppress p-mTOR as much as rapamycin, the combination of rapamycin and 24MD could increase the mTOR suppressive activity and LC3 activation. Changing the substituent groups (R groups) from dimethylphenol to ethylphenol in EMD or changing methylazanedyl to cyclohexylazanedyl in 24CD could only induce apoptosis activity but not autophagic inducing activity. We identified 24MD as a novel compound targeting autophagic cell death by affecting mTOR-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicharat Sriratanasak
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Worawat Wattanathana
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Guan K, Su Q, Kuang K, Meng X, Zhou X, Liu B. MiR-142-5p/FAM134B Axis Manipulates ER-Phagy to Control PRRSV Replication. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842077. [PMID: 35795666 PMCID: PMC9251429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can replicate its RNA genome in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and utilize ER to facilitate its assembly and maturation. To maintain ER homeostasis, host cells initiate reticulophagy (known as ER-phagy) to effectively digest the stressed ER. In this study, we found that PRRSV infection subverted ER-phagy by downregulating ER-phagy receptor FAM134B. PRRSV-induced miR-142-5p directly targeted FAM134B and significantly promoted PRRSV replication. Meanwhile, siRNA-mediated depletion of FAM134B protein and overexpression of FAM134B mutant protein significantly disrupted ER-phagy and facilitated PRRSV replication. Furthermore, our results showed that FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy activated type I interferon signaling to inhibit PRRSV replication. Overall, this study reveals the important role of ER-phagy in PRRSV replication in a FAM134B-dependent manner. Our findings provide an insight into the pathogenesis of PRRSV and offer a theoretical basis for further development of antiviral therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuju Su
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailin Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangge Meng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
| | - Bang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province Local Pig Breed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Bang Liu,
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10
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Mechanisms underlying the effects of caloric restriction on hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Chen YC, Chen KF, Lin KYA, Chen JK, Jiang XY, Lin CH. The nephrotoxic potential of polystyrene microplastics at realistic environmental concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:127871. [PMID: 34862106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As microplastics (MPs) dispersed into the environment, people might be exposed to MPs. Most pollutants either pass through or concentrate in the kidney. Therefore, nephrotoxicity tests are needed to verify the toxic potential of MPs. Here we used human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells to determine the association between nephrotoxicity and round-shape polystyrene MPs (PSMPs) (3.54 ± 0.39 μm) under realistic environmental exposure concentrations. Results revealed that PSMPs can adhere to the cell membrane and get entirely engulfed by HEK293 cells. PSMPs can induce cytotoxicity by oxidative stress via inhibition of the antioxidant haem oxygenase-1. Depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and formation of autophagosomes confirmed that apoptosis and autophagy can be simultaneously induced by PSMPs. The inflammatory factor was only activated (33 cytokines) by noncytotoxic concentration of PSMPs (3 ng/mL); however, the cytotoxic concentration (300 ng/mL) of PSMPs induced autophagy, which might further reduce NLRP3 expression, thus contributing to dampening inflammation (35 cytokines) in HEK293 cells. PSMPs (300 ng/mL) can impair kidney barrier integrity and increase the probability of developing acute kidney injury through the depletion of the zonula occludens-2 proteins and α1-antitrypsin. Altogether, our results demonstrated that environmental exposure to PSMPs may lead to an increased risk of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Fan Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Laboratory Animal Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan.
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12
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Wang D, Kang L, Chen C, Guo J, Du L, Zhou D, Li G, Zhang Y, Mi X, Zhang M, Liu S, Tan X. Loss of legumain induces premature senescence and mediates aging-related renal fibrosis. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13574. [PMID: 35195326 PMCID: PMC8920435 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an independent risk factor for acute kidney injury and subsequent chronic kidney diseases, while the underlying mechanism is still elusive. Here, we found that renal tubules highly express a conserved lysosomal endopeptidase, legumain, which is significantly downregulated with the growing of age. Tubule‐specific legumain‐knockout mice exhibit spontaneous renal interstitial fibrosis from the 3rd month. In the tubule‐specific legumain‐knockout mice and the cultured legumain‐knockdown HK‐2 cells, legumain deficiency induces the activation of tubular senescence and thus increases the secretion of profibrotic senescence‐associated cytokines, which in turn accelerates the activation of fibroblasts. Blockage of senescence mitigates the fibrotic lesion caused by legumain deficiency. Mechanistically, we found that silencing down of legumain leads to the elevated lysosome pH value, enlargement of lysosome size, and increase of lysosomal voltage dependent membrane channel proteins. Either legumain downregulation or aging alone induces the activation of nuclear transcription factors EB (TFEB) while it fails to further upregulate in the elderly legumain‐knockdown tubules, accompanied with impaired mitophagy and increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) accumulation. Therapeutically, supplementation of exosomal legumain ameliorated fibronectin and collagen I production in an in vitro coculture system of tubular cells and fibroblasts. Altogether, our data demonstrate that loss of legumain in combined with aging dysregulates lysosomal homeostasis, although either aging or legumain deficiency alone induces lysosome adaptation via stimulating lysosomal biogenesis. Consequently, impaired mitophagy leads to mtROS accumulation and therefore activates tubular senescence and boosts the interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Wang
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Lichun Kang
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Chuan'ai Chen
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Jiasen Guo
- College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Lingfang Du
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Donghui Zhou
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Gang Li
- Nephrology Division The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Xue Mi
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese medicine Beijing China
| | - Shuxia Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Nephrology Department of Pathology Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology School of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China
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13
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Defective Cystinosin, Aberrant Autophagy−Endolysosome Pathways, and Storage Disease: Towards Assembling the Puzzle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030326. [PMID: 35159136 PMCID: PMC8834619 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells that form the kidney proximal tubule (PT) rely on an intertwined ecosystem of vesicular membrane trafficking pathways to ensure the reabsorption of essential nutrients—a key requisite for homeostasis. The endolysosome stands at the crossroads of this sophisticated network, internalizing molecules through endocytosis, sorting receptors and nutrient transporters, maintaining cellular quality control via autophagy, and toggling the balance between PT differentiation and cell proliferation. Dysregulation of such endolysosome-guided trafficking pathways might thus lead to a generalized dysfunction of PT cells, often causing chronic kidney disease and life-threatening complications. In this review, we highlight the biological functions of endolysosome-residing proteins from the perspectives of understanding—and potentially reversing—the pathophysiology of rare inherited diseases affecting the kidney PT. Using cystinosis as a paradigm of endolysosome disease causing PT dysfunction, we discuss how the endolysosome governs the homeostasis of specialized epithelial cells. This review also provides a critical analysis of the molecular mechanisms through which defects in autophagy pathways can contribute to PT dysfunction, and proposes potential interventions for affected tissues. These insights might ultimately accelerate the discovery and development of new therapeutics, not only for cystinosis, but also for other currently intractable endolysosome-related diseases, eventually transforming our ability to regulate homeostasis and health.
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14
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Shah P, Pellicori P, Hanning I, Zhang J, Clark AL, Bhandari S. The effect of digoxin on renal function in patients with heart failure. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:349. [PMID: 34702219 PMCID: PMC8549227 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Digoxin is used in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical treatment. Impaired renal function is commonly associated with CHF. We investigated the relation between digoxin use and change in renal function over time in patients with CHF. Methods One thousand two hundred forty-one patients with symptoms and signs of CHF (average age 72 years (64% male), and median NTproBNP 1426 ng/l (interquartile range 632–2897) were divided into four groups: never on digoxin (N = 394); digoxin throughout (N = 449); started digoxin at some point after baseline (N = 367); and stopped digoxin at some point after baseline (N = 31). The rate of change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using linear regression. Results Patients on digoxin throughout had a significantly greater rate of decline in eGFR per year than patients not on digoxin throughout (mean (± standard deviation); − 5 (14) ml/min/1.73m2 per year v − 2 (11) ml/min/1.73m2 per year, P = 0.02). In those patients who started digoxin during follow up, there was no significant difference in the rate of decline in eGFR before and after starting digoxin. There was no correlation between baseline eGFR (or rate of decline in eGFR) and age, haemoglobin or NTproBNP. Compared to patients taking both angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and beta-blocker (BB), patients who were not taking an ACEi/ARB or BB had a numerically faster rate of decline in eGFR, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion The rate of decline in renal function is greater in patients with CHF who are taking digoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Hull and East Yorkshire Medical Research and Teaching Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston upon Hull, HU16 5JQ, UK.
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Hull and East Yorkshire Medical Research and Teaching Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston upon Hull, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Ian Hanning
- Biochemistry, Pathology department, Hull & East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Jufen Zhang
- Clinical Trials Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Andrew L Clark
- Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Hull and East Yorkshire Medical Research and Teaching Centre, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, Kingston upon Hull, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Sunil Bhandari
- Department of Renal Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust and Hull York Medical School, Heslington, UK
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15
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Wen-Jin C, Xiu-Wu P, Jian C, Da X, Jia-Xin C, Wei-Jie C, Lin-Hui W, Xin-Gang C. Study of cellular heterogeneity and differential dynamics of autophagy in human embryonic kidney development by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:460. [PMID: 34461918 PMCID: PMC8404318 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is believed to participate in embryonic development, but whether the expression of autophagy-associated genes undergoes changes during the development of human embryonic kidneys remains unknown. Methods In this work, we identified 36,151 human renal cells from embryonic kidneys of 9–18 gestational weeks in 16 major clusters by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and detected 1350 autophagy-related genes in all fetal renal cells. The abundance of each cell cluster in Wilms tumor samples from scRNA-seq and GDC TARGET WT datasets was detected by CIBERSORTx. R package Monocle 3 was used to determine differentiation trajectories. Cyclone tool of R package scran was applied to calculate the cell cycle scores. R package SCENIC was used to investigate the transcriptional regulons. The FindMarkers tool from Seurat was used to calculate DEGs. GSVA was used to perform gene set enrichment analyses. CellphoneDB was utilized to analyze intercellular communication. Results It was found that cells in the 13th gestational week showed the lowest transcriptional level in each cluster in all stages. Nephron progenitors could be divided into four subgroups with diverse levels of autophagy corresponding to different SIX2 expressions. SSBpod (podocyte precursors) could differentiate into four types of podocytes (Pod), and autophagy-related regulation was involved in this process. Pseudotime analysis showed that interstitial progenitor cells (IPCs) potentially possessed two primitive directions of differentiation to interstitial cells with different expressions of autophagy. It was found that NPCs, pretubular aggregates and interstitial cell clusters had high abundance in Wilms tumor as compared with para-tumor samples with active intercellular communication. Conclusions All these findings suggest that autophagy may be involved in the development and cellular heterogeneity of early human fetal kidneys. In addition, part of Wilms tumor cancer cells possess the characteristics of some fetal renal cell clusters. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02154-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wen-Jin
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Pan Xiu-Wu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China.,Department of Urology, Gongli Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 219 Miaopu Road, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Xu Da
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Chen Jia-Xin
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Chen Wei-Jie
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wang Lin-Hui
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Cui Xin-Gang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, 700 North Moyu Road, Shanghai, 201805, China. .,Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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16
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Xu X, Yu Z, Han B, Li S, Sun Y, Du Y, Wang Z, Gao D, Zhang Z. Luteolin alleviates inorganic mercury-induced kidney injury via activation of the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 224:111583. [PMID: 34428638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic mercury is a ubiquitous toxic pollutant in the environment. Exposure to inorganic mercury can cause various poisonous effects, including kidney injury. However, no safe and effective treatment for kidney injury caused by inorganic mercury has been found and used. Luteolin (Lut) possesses various beneficial bioactivities. Here, our research aims to investigate the protective effect of Lut on renal injury induced by mercury chloride (HgCl2) and identify the underlying autophagy regulation mechanism. Twenty-eight 6-8 weeks old Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, HgCl2, HgCl2 + Lut, and Lut. We performed the determination of oxidative stress and renal function indicators, histopathological analysis, the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuracil nucleoside triphosphate nick-end labeling assay to detect apoptosis, western blot detection of autophagy-related protein levels, and atomic absorption method to detect mercury content. Our results showed that Lut ameliorated oxidative stress, apoptosis and restored the autophagy and renal function caused by HgCl2 in rats. Concretely, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor, renal adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression, and autophagy regulation-related proteins levels were down-regulated, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression was up-regulated by HgCl2 treatment. However, Lut treatment reversed the above changes. Notably, Lut reduced the accumulation of HgCl2 in the kidneys and promoted the excretion of HgCl2 through urine. Collectively, our results demonstrate that Lut can attenuate inorganic mercury-induced renal injury via activating the AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway. Therefore, Lut may be a potential biological medicine to protect against renal damage induced by HgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhongxian Yu
- Pharmacy Department, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Road, Hongqi Street, Chaoyang District, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Biqi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingshuo Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China.
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17
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Mesquita A, Glenn J, Jenny A. Differential activation of eMI by distinct forms of cellular stress. Autophagy 2021; 17:1828-1840. [PMID: 32559125 PMCID: PMC8386722 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1783833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the major, highly conserved catabolic pathways, autophagy delivers cytosolic components to lysosomes for degradation. It is essential for development, cellular homeostasis, and coping with stress. Reduced autophagy increases susceptibility to protein aggregation diseases and leads to phenotypes associated with aging. Of the three major forms of autophagy, macroautophagy (MA) can degrade organelles or aggregated proteins, and chaperone-mediated autophagy is specific for soluble proteins containing KFERQ-related targeting motifs. During endosomal microautophagy (eMI), cytoplasmic proteins are engulfed into late endosomes in an ESCRT machinery-dependent manner. eMI can be KFERQ-specific or occur in bulk and be induced by prolonged starvation. Its physiological regulation and function, however, are not understood. Here, we show that eMI in the Drosophila fat body, akin to the mammalian liver, is induced upon oxidative or genotoxic stress in an ESCRT and partially Hsc70-4-dependent manner. Interestingly, eMI activation is selective, as ER stress fails to elicit a response. Intriguingly, we find that reducing MA leads to a compensatory enhancement of eMI, suggesting a tight interplay between these degradative processes. Furthermore, we show that mutations in DNA damage response genes are sufficient to trigger eMI and that the response to oxidative stress is under the control of MAPK/JNK signaling. Our data suggest that, controlled by various signaling pathways, eMI allows an organ to react and adapt to specific types of stress and is thus likely critical to prevent disease.Abbreviations:Atg: autophagy-related; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DDR: DNA damage repair; Df: deficiency (deletion); (E)GFP: (enhanced) green fluorescent protein; eMI: endosomal microautophagy; ER: endoplasmatic reticulum; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; Eto: etoposide; FLP: flipase; Hsc: heat shock cognate protein; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; LE: late endosome; MA: macroautophagy; MI: microautophagy; MVB: multivesicular body; PA: photoactivatable; Para: paraquat; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SEM: standard error of means; Tor: target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]; UPR: unfolded protein response; Vps: vacuolar protein sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mesquita
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | - James Glenn
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, US
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, US
- Department of Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, US
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, US
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18
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Hernandez E, Taisne C, Lussignol M, Esclatine A, Labetoulle M. Commercially Available Eye Drops Containing Trehalose Protect Against Dry Conditions via Autophagy Induction. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2021; 37:386-393. [PMID: 34227851 PMCID: PMC8558061 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2020.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluation of marketed eye drops with or without trehalose, a nonreducing natural osmoprotector disaccharide, in autophagy modulation and its role in cell survival during desiccation. Materials and Methods: Eye drops containing either sodium hyaluronate (SH) (Hyabak®, Thea, France) or a combination of SH with trehalose (Thealose Duo®, Thea, France) were compared with control conditions to evaluate the ability to modulate autophagy in human epithelial cells in vitro. Autophagy was monitored using LC3, a marker of the autophagic machinery, by fluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis. Control and autophagy-deficient cells treated with eye drops were exposed to desiccation to mimic dry eyes and cell survival was evaluated by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Trehalose, a known autophagy inducer was used as a positive control. Results: Artificial tears containing SH with and without trehalose induce a complete autophagic flux, as indicated by an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and the accumulation of the lipidated form of LC3 associated with complete autophagy. In addition, there was a synergistic effect of SH for autophagy induction when combined with trehalose, compared with each of the components alone. Survival of cells treated with both eye drops and exposed to desiccation was decreased in autophagy-deficient cells, demonstrating the essential role of autophagy on eye drop protection. Conclusions: Autophagic flux is induced by SH-containing eye drops, and this phenomenon is enhanced in combination with trehalose. We also demonstrated that autophagy induction is involved in the osmoprotective effects of both trehalose and SH-containing eye drops, to maintain epithelial cell homeostasis in dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hernandez
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Taisne
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marion Lussignol
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Audrey Esclatine
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Labetoulle
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, APHP, Université Paris Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Center for Immunology of Viral infections and Autoimmune Diseases (IMVA), IDMIT Infrastructure (http://www.idmitcenter.fr), CEA, Université Paris Sud, Inserm U1184, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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19
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Raj SD, Fann DY, Wong E, Kennedy BK. Natural products as geroprotectors: An autophagy perspective. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:3118-3155. [PMID: 33973253 DOI: 10.1002/med.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, significant attention has been given to repurposing Food and Drug Administration approved drugs to treat age-related diseases. In contrast, less consideration has been given to natural bioactive compounds. Consequently, there have been limited attempts to translate these compounds. Autophagy is a fundamental biological pathway linked to aging, and numerous strategies to enhance autophagy have been shown to extend lifespan. Interestingly, there are a number of natural products that are reported to modulate autophagy, and here we describe a number of them that activate autophagy through diverse molecular and cellular mechanisms. Among these, Urolithin A, Spermidine, Resveratrol, Fatty Acids and Phospholipids, Trehalose and Lithium are featured in detail. Finally, we outline possible strategies to optimise and increase the translatability of natural products, with the overall aim of delaying the ageing process and improving human healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Raj
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre For Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre For Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Wong
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre For Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre For Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
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20
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Liu W, Gu R, Lou Y, He C, Zhang Q, Li D. Emodin-induced autophagic cell death hinders epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of BMP-7/TGF-β1 in renal fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:216-225. [PMID: 34116735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to explore the effects of emodin and its mechanisms on renal fibrosis (RF). We firstly modeled adriamycin-induced rat RF with unilateral nephrectomy. In vivo and in vitro pharmacological experiments were performed in this study. The presence of collagen deposition was detected by Masson staining. To verify whether emodin attenuates RF by monitoring autophagy, the immunohistochemistry staining for autophagy protein LC3B was performed. We conducted western blot to detect the expression of the autophagy-related proteins in EMT in vitro model after treating with emotin and BMP-7. In vivo, we demonstrated that emodin could improve renal dysfunction and decrease pathological damage of the kidney by activation of autophagy and inhibition of EMT. Upregulation of BMP-7 was recorded in the RF rats subjected to emodin treatment. In vitro studies, emodin has the capacity of reversing EMT and activating autophagy, and emodin could regulate the expression of BMP-7. The results revealed that the attenuation of EMT by emodin could be blocked after the inhibition of BMP-7 and suppression of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that emodin alleviates EMT during RF by actuating autophagy through BMP-7, suggesting a role of BMP-7 in RF treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Renze Gu
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yujiao Lou
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Chunfeng He
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, PuTuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China.
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21
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Guo W, Wang Q, Pan S, Li J, Wang Y, Shu Y, Chen J, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Yue J. The ERK1/2-ATG13-FIP200 signaling cascade is required for autophagy induction to protect renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6932-6947. [PMID: 33682133 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is known to regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes. At present, the function and the precise mechanism of autophagy regulation in kidney and renal cells remain elusive. Here, we explored the role of ERK1 and ERK2 (referred as ERK1/2 hereafter) in autophagy regulation in renal cells in response to hypoglycemia. Glucose starvation potently and transiently activated ERK1/2 in renal cells, and this was concomitant with an increase in autophagic flux. Perturbing ERK1/2 activation by treatment with inhibitors of RAF or MEK1/2, via the expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of MEK1/2 or RAS, blocked hypoglycemia-mediated ERK1/2 activation and autophagy induction in renal cells. Glucose starvation also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in renal cells, which was involved in the activation of the ERK1/2 cascade and the induction of autophagy in renal cells. Interestingly, ATG13 and FIP200, the members of the ULK1 complex, contain the ERK consensus phosphorylation sites, and glucose starvation induced an association between ATG13 or FIP200 and ERK1/2. Moreover, the expression of the phospho-defective mutants of ATG13 and FIP200 in renal cells blocked glucose starvation-induced autophagy and rendered cells more susceptible to hypoglycemia-induced cell death. However, the expression of the phospho-mimic mutants of ATG13 and FIP200 induced autophagy and protected renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death. Taken together, our results demonstrate that hypoglycemia activates the ERK1/2 signaling to regulate ATG13 and FIP200, thereby stimulating autophagy to protect the renal cells from hypoglycemia-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shihua Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanhua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yahai Shu
- Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaheng Chen
- Scientific Instruments Center, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,City University of Hong Kong Chengdu Research Institute, Chengdu, China
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22
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Zhao M, Zheng YH, Zhao QY, Zheng W, Yang JH, Pei HY, Liu L, Liu KJ, Xue LL, Deng DX, Wang L, Ma X, Fu SH, Peng AH, Tang MH, Luo YZ, Ye HY, Chen LJ. Synthesis and evaluation of new compounds bearing 3-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl magnolol scaffold as anticancer agents for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer via targeting autophagy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 209:112922. [PMID: 33069436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol and honokiol are the two major active ingredients with similar structure and anticancer activity from traditional Chinese medicine Magnolia officinalis, and honokiol is now in a phase I clinical trial (CTR20170822) for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In search of potent lead compounds with better activity, our previous study has demonstrated that magnolol derivative C2, 3-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl magnolol, has better activity than honokiol. Here, based on the core of 3-(4-aminopiperidin-1-yl)methyl magnolol, we synthesized fifty-one magnolol derivatives. Among them, compound 30 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activities on H460, HCC827, H1975 cell lines with the IC50 values of 0.63-0.93 μM, which were approximately 10- and 100-fold more potent than those of C2 and magnolol, respectively. Besides, oral administration of 30 and C2 on an H460 xenograft model also demonstrated that 30 has better activity than C2. Mechanism study revealed that 30 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Moreover, blocking autophagy by the autophagic inhibitor enhanced the anticancer activity of 30in vitro and in vivo, suggesting autophagy played a cytoprotective role on 30-induced cancer cell death. Taken together, our study implied that compound 30 combined with autophagic inhibitor could be another choice for NSCLC treatment in further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yun-Hua Zheng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Qi-Yuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jian-Hong Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - He-Ying Pei
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Kong-Jun Liu
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Lin-Lin Xue
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - De-Xin Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Lun Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xu Ma
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Su-Hong Fu
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ai-Hua Peng
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ming-Hai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yun-Zi Luo
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, State Key Laboratory, Breeding Base of Systematic Research Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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23
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Festa BP, Berquez M, Nieri D, Luciani A. Endolysosomal Disorders Affecting the Proximal Tubule of the Kidney: New Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutics. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:233-257. [PMID: 33649992 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells that line the proximal tubule of the kidney rely on an intertwined ecosystem of vesicular membrane trafficking pathways to ensure the reabsorption of essential nutrients. To function effectively and to achieve homeostasis, these specialized cells require the sorting and recycling of a wide array of cell surface proteins within the endolysosomal network, including signaling receptors, nutrient transporters, ion channels, and polarity markers. The dysregulation of the endolysosomal system can lead to a generalized proximal tubule dysfunction, ultimately causing severe metabolic complications and kidney disease.In this chapter, we highlight the biological functions of the genes that code endolysosomal proteins from the perspective of understanding - and potentially reversing - the pathophysiology of endolysosomal disorders affecting the proximal tubule of the kidney. These insights might ultimately lead to potential treatments for currently intractable diseases and transform our ability to regulate kidney homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marine Berquez
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Nieri
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Luciani
- Institute of Physiology, Mechanisms of Inherited Kidney Disorders Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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24
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Monomeric C-mannosyl tryptophan is a degradation product of autophagy in cultured cells. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:635-645. [PMID: 32803368 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
C-Mannosyl tryptophan (C-Man-Trp) is a unique glycosylated amino acid present in various eukaryotes. The C-Man-Trp structure can be found as a monomeric form or a part of post-translational modifications within polypeptide chains in living organisms. However, the mechanism of how monomeric C-Man-Trp is produced has not been fully investigated. In this study, we assessed levels of cellular C-Man-Trp by ultra performance liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometry assay system, and investigated whether the cellular C-Man-Trp is affected by autophagy induction. The intracellular C-Man-Trp level was significantly increased under serum and/or amino acid starvation in A549, HaCaT, HepG2, NIH3T3, and NRK49F cells. The increase in C-Man-Trp was also observed in NIH3T3 cells treated with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. The up-regulation of C-Man-Trp caused by starvation was reversed by the inhibition of lysosomal enzymes. We further showed that C-Man-Trp is produced by incubating a synthetic C-mannosylated peptide (C-Man-Trp-Ser-Pro-Trp) or thrombospondin (TSP) in a lysosomal fraction that was prepared from a mouse liver, which provides supporting evidence that C-Man-Trp is a degradation product of the C-mannosylated peptide or protein following lysosome-related proteolysis. Taken together, we propose that the autophagic pathway is a novel pathway that at least partly contributes to intracellular C-Man-Trp production under certain conditions, such as nutrient starvation.
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25
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and infections are major causes for the high incidence of morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Both complications are directly or indirectly associated with disturbed functions or altered apoptotic rates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Normal responses of immune cells can be reduced, leading to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, giving rise to inflammation and subsequently to cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the impact of kidney dysfunction on the immune system. Renal failure results in disturbed renal metabolic activities with reduced renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D production, which adversely affects the immune system. Decreased kidney function also leads to reduced glomerular filtration and the retention of uremic toxins. A large number of uremic toxins with detrimental effects on immune cells have been identified. Besides small water-soluble and protein-bound compounds originating from the intestinal microbiome, several molecules in the middle molecular range, e.g., immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1, and the adipokines leptin and resistin, adversely affect immune cells. Posttranslational modifications such as carbamoylation, advanced glycation products, and oxidative modifications contribute to uremic toxicity. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein from uremic patients has an altered protein profile and thereby loses its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Cohen
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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26
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Zhao P, Chen X, Wang Q, Zou H, Xie Y, Liu H, Zhou Y, Liu P, Dai H. Differential toxicity mechanism of gold nanoparticles in HK-2 renal proximal tubular cells and 786-0 carcinoma cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1079-1096. [PMID: 32031480 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To research the influence and mechanism of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different size for HK-2 cells (kidney normal cells) and 786-0 cells (kidney cancer cells). Materials & methods: HK-2 cells and 786-0 cells were treated with 5 and 200 nm AuNPs at 1 and 10 μg/ml. The cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, and related cell signaling pathways were analyzed. Results: In HK-2 cells, AuNPs reduced the activity of Akt and mTOR and upregulated the expression of LC3 II. In 786-0 cells, the activity of p38 was upregulated, which leaded to the increase of caspase 3 and initiated apoptosis. Conclusion: AuNPs of 5 and 200 nm at 10 μg/ml exerted antitumor effect by prompting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, while autophagy was activated to protect HK-2 cells from AuNPs-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Hanbing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Yuexia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Huili Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes & Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
- Central Laboratory, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
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27
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Somparn P, Boonkrai C, Charngkaew K, Chomanee N, Hodge KG, Fenton RA, Pisitkun T, Khositseth S. Bilateral ureteral obstruction is rapidly accompanied by ER stress and activation of autophagic degradation of IMCD proteins, including AQP2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F135-F147. [PMID: 31736351 PMCID: PMC7054639 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00113.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After the release of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO), postobstructive diuresis from an impaired urine concentration mechanism is associated with reduced aquaporin 2 (AQP2) abundance in the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this AQP2 reduction is incompletely understood. To elucidate the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, we studied molecular changes in IMCDs isolated from rats with 4-h BUO or sham operation at the early onset of AQP2 downregulation using mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Two-hundred fifteen proteins had significant changes in abundances, with 65% of them downregulated in the IMCD of 4-h BUO rats compared with sham rats. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that significantly changed proteins were associated with functional Gene Ontology terms, including “cell-cell adhesion,” “cell-cell adherens junction,” “mitochondrial inner membrane,” “endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex,” and the KEGG pathway of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or immunoblot analysis confirmed the changes in 19 proteins representative of each predominant cluster, including AQP2. Electron microscopy demonstrated disrupted tight junctions, disorganized adherens junctions, swollen mitochondria, enlargement of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, and numerous autophagosomes/lysosomes in the IMCD of rats with 4-h BUO. AQP2 and seven proteins chosen as representative of the significantly altered clusters had a significant increase in immunofluorescence-based colocalization with autophagosomes/lysosomes. Immunogold electron microscopy confirmed colocalization of AQP2 with the autophagosome marker microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 and the lysosomal marker cathepsin D in IMCD cells of rats with 4-h BUO. We conclude that enhanced autophagic degradation of AQP2 and other critical proteins, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress in the IMCD, are initiated shortly after BUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorichaya Somparn
- Center of Excellent in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatikorn Boonkrai
- Center of Excellent in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Komgrid Charngkaew
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Nusara Chomanee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Kenneth G Hodge
- Center of Excellent in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert A Fenton
- Department of Biomedicine and Center for Interactions of Proteins in Epithelial Transport, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellent in Systems Biology, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sookkasem Khositseth
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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28
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van der Wijst J, Belge H, Bindels RJM, Devuyst O. Learning Physiology From Inherited Kidney Disorders. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1575-1653. [PMID: 31215303 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes causing inherited kidney diseases yielded crucial insights in the molecular basis of disease and improved our understanding of physiological processes that operate in the kidney. Monogenic kidney disorders are caused by mutations in genes coding for a large variety of proteins including receptors, channels and transporters, enzymes, transcription factors, and structural components, operating in specialized cell types that perform highly regulated homeostatic functions. Common variants in some of these genes are also associated with complex traits, as evidenced by genome-wide association studies in the general population. In this review, we discuss how the molecular genetics of inherited disorders affecting different tubular segments of the nephron improved our understanding of various transport processes and of their involvement in homeostasis, while providing novel therapeutic targets. These include inherited disorders causing a dysfunction of the proximal tubule (renal Fanconi syndrome), with emphasis on epithelial differentiation and receptor-mediated endocytosis, or affecting the reabsorption of glucose, the handling of uric acid, and the reabsorption of sodium, calcium, and magnesium along the kidney tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrica Belge
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands ; Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland ; and Division of Nephrology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Medical School, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Yu X, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Wang W, Chen N. C/EBPα deficiency in podocytes aggravates podocyte senescence and kidney injury in aging mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 31527620 PMCID: PMC6746733 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney aging leads to an increased incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the elderly, and aging is a complex biological process controlled by signaling pathways and transcription factors. Podocyte senescence plays a central role in injury resulting from kidney aging. Here, we demonstrated the critical role of C/EBPα in podocyte senescence and kidney aging by generating a genetically modified mouse model of chronological aging in which C/EBPα was selectively deleted in podocytes and by overexpressing C/EBPα in cultured podocytes, in which premature senescence was induced by treatment with adriamycin. Moreover, we illuminated the mechanisms by which podocyte senescence causes tubular impairment by stimulating HK-2 cells with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chloroquine. Our findings suggest that C/EBPα knockout in podocytes aggravates podocyte senescence through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to glomerulosclerosis, and that subsequent albuminuria exacerbates the epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of senescent tubular cells by suppressing autophagy. These observations highlight the importance of C/EBPα as a new potential target in kidney aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xialian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yunzi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
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30
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Verma V, Gupta S, Kumar P, Yadav S, Dhanda RS, Gaind R, Arora R, Frimodt-Møller N, Yadav M. Involvement of NLRP3 and NLRC4 Inflammasome in Uropathogenic E. coli Mediated Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2020. [PMID: 31551961 PMCID: PMC6734172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory response during urinary tract infection (UTI) is mediated by innate immune defense. Nod like receptors (NLRs) have been proposed to work simultaneously beside TLR pathways to mediate pro-inflammatory response and maintain tissue homeostasis. Some in vitro reports have showed the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome during uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) mediated UTI. So we have sought to determine the status of various inflammasomes and their components in UPEC mediated UTI. Methods A total of 186 females experiencing the first episode of UTI were recruited for the study and forty were found to be positive for UPEC (≥105 CFU/ml) in their urine (N = 40). Further, we analyzed the expression of NLRP3, NLRC4, NAIP, AIM2, ASC, CASPASE-4, and CASPASE-1 gene at mRNA and protein level in the blood of UPEC confirmed study subjects through real time qPCR and immunoblotting. Healthy females (N = 40) visiting the OPD for health checkups, family planning advice and subjects undergoing routine medical examinations, were recruited as healthy control subjects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α and MCP-1) were measured in the plasma of patients and controls through ELISA. For investigation of the involvement of NLRC4 and NLRP3 inflammasome, in vitro studies were performed using co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Results Most of the inflammatory regulators studied (i.e., NLRP3, NAIP, NLRC4, ASC, and CASPASE-1) were found to be up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the UPEC infected UTI patients. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MCP-1) were found to be up-regulated in the patients group. However, no significant difference was observed in the expression of AIM2 and CASPASE-4 genes at both mRNA and protein levels. Further, in vitro studies have shown the involvement of NLRC4 inflammasome in UPEC infected THP1 derived macrophages. Conclusion Involvement of NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasomes in UPEC infected UTI is evident from our findings. This is the first report showing levels of inflammasome and its components in UTI patients suggesting a possible role during UPEC mediated UTI. We have also reported the involvement of NLRC4 inflammasome for the first time during UTI infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Verma
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sonal Yadav
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajni Gaind
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Arora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manisha Yadav
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li G, Huang D, Hong J, Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li PL. Control of lysosomal TRPML1 channel activity and exosome release by acid ceramidase in mouse podocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C481-C491. [PMID: 31268777 PMCID: PMC6766620 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00150.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel has been reported to mediate lysosomal Ca2+ release that is involved in Ca2+-dependent lysosome trafficking and autophagic flux. However, this regulatory mechanism of lysosomal TRPML1 channel activity in podocytes remains poorly understood. In the present study, we tested whether the TRPML1 channel in podocytes mediates lysosome trafficking, which is essential for multivesicular body (MVB) degradation by lysosomes. We first demonstrated the abundant expression of TRPML1 channel in podocytes. By GCaMP3 Ca2+ imaging, we characterized the lysosomal specificity of TRPML1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release in podocytes. Given the important role of acid ceramidase (AC) in lysosome function and podocyte injury, we tested whether AC regulates this TRPML1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release and consequent lysosome-dependent MVB degradation in podocytes. Pharmacologically, it was found that TRPML1 channel activity was remarkably attenuated by the AC inhibitor carmofur. Sphingosine, as an AC product, was demonstrated to induce TRPML1-mediated Ca2+ release, which was inhibited by a TRPML1 blocker, verapamil. Using a Port-a-Patch planar patch-clamp system, we found that AC-associated sphingolipids, sphingomyelin, ceramide, and sphingosine had different effects on TRPML1 channel activity in podocytes. Functionally, the inhibition of AC or blockade of TRPML1 channels was found to suppress the interaction of lysosomes and MVBs, leading to increased exosome release from podocytes. These results suggest that AC is critical for TRPML1 channel-mediated Ca2+ release, which controls lysosome-MVB interaction and exosome release in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jinni Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Panigrahi T, Shivakumar S, Shetty R, D'souza S, Nelson EJR, Sethu S, Jeyabalan N, Ghosh A. Trehalose augments autophagy to mitigate stress induced inflammation in human corneal cells. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:699-713. [PMID: 31412290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cornea acts as a structural barrier and protects the eye from environmental stresses. Inflammation in ocular surface causes discomfort and visual distortion. Defective autophagy has been associated with inflammation and ocular surface diseases. Therefore, we explored the protective role of trehalose on inflammation and desiccation-triggered stress in human corneal cells in vitro and in dry eye patients. METHOD TNF-α and desiccation stress induced human corneal cells (piHCF and HCE-T) with or without trehalose treatment were analyzed for the expression levels of inflammatory and autophagy related markers by qPCR, western blotting, multiplex ELISA and fluorescence imaging. Dry eye patients (N = 9) were enrolled and administered with trehalose in one eye and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the contralateral eye (B.I.D, for 30 days). Dry eye signs OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer's Test, and tear cytokines were measured in dry eye patient's pre and post treatment. RESULTS Cells treated with trehalose exhibits increased levels of autophagy markers LC3II and LAMP1 compared to untreated cells. Trehalose reduced the mRNA and secreted cytokines levels of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in corneal cells under TNF-α and desiccation stress mediated inflammation compared to controls. Further, trehalose reduced stress driven p38 phosphorylation in corneal cells. Additionally, topical administration of trehalose alleviated the clinical symptoms and tears cytokine levels in dry eye patients compared to CMC. CONCLUSION Trehalose reduces stress induced inflammation through p38MAPK inhibition and autophagy activation. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of trehalose was independent to NFκB pathway. Further, topical administration of trehalose ameliorated dry eye associated symptoms and associated tear cytokines levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trailokyanath Panigrahi
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Shivapriya Shivakumar
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Narayana Health City, Bommasandra, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharon D'souza
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Narayana Health City, Bommasandra, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Swaminathan Sethu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nallathambi Jeyabalan
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Hurcombe JA, Lay AC, Ni L, Barrington AF, Woodgett JR, Quaggin SE, Welsh GI, Coward RJ. Podocyte GSK3α is important for autophagy and its loss detrimental for glomerular function. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:498-510. [PMID: 31825015 PMCID: PMC6902909 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are key cells in maintaining the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and preventing albuminuria. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase existing as two distinct but related isoforms (α and β). In the podocyte it has previously been reported that inhibition of the β isoform is beneficial in attenuating a variety of glomerular disease models but loss of both isoforms is catastrophic. However, it is not known what the role of GSK3α is in these cells. We now show that GSK3α is present and dynamically modulated in podocytes. When GSK3α is transgenically knocked down specifically in the podocytes of mice it causes mild but significant albuminuria by 6-weeks of life. Its loss also does not protect in models of diabetic or Adriamycin-induced nephropathy. In vitro deletion of podocyte GSK3α causes cell death and impaired autophagic flux suggesting it is important for this key cellular process. Collectively this work shows that GSK3α is important for podocyte health and that augmenting its function may be beneficial in treating glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A C Lay
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
| | - L Ni
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
| | | | - J R Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System & University of Toronto, Canada
| | - S E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, US
| | - G I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol
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Udristioiu A, Nica-Badea D. Autophagy dysfunctions associated with cancer cells and their therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108892. [PMID: 31029889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic analysis of human cancers indicates that the loss or mutation of core autophagy related genes, (ATG) is uncommon, whereas oncogenic events that activate autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis have been identified. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles in cells: a cellular process that maintains the homeostasis of the normal cell, while self-defects can lead to a lawsuit to accelerate tumorigenesis and developing diseases, such as cancer. Depending on different contexts, autophagy dysfunctions may play a role: neutral, tumor-suppressive, or tumor-promoting. The process of autophagy may function in tumor suppression by mitigating metabolic stress and, in concert with apoptosis, by preventing tumor cell death by necrosis. In this case, optimal combination of autophagy inhibition (CQ, HCQ) with other conventional therapies - chemo or radiotherapy in a variety of tumor types in different phases can be successful approaches for improve the effect of anticancer therapies. This review examines recent insights of the molecular mechanism of autophagy and the potential roles of autophagy in cell death, cancer development, overview of the most recent therapeutic strategies involving autophagy modulators in cancer prevention and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelian Udristioiu
- Molecular Biology, Medicine Faculty, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Nica-Badea
- Medicinal and Behavioral Sciences Faculty, Constantin Brâncuși University, Târgu - Jiu, Romania.
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Weiss DJ, English K, Krasnodembskaya A, Isaza-Correa JM, Hawthorne IJ, Mahon BP. The Necrobiology of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Affects Therapeutic Efficacy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1228. [PMID: 31214185 PMCID: PMC6557974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress is occurring in understanding the mechanisms underlying mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cell therapies (MSCT). However, the results of clinical trials, while demonstrating safety, have been varied in regard to efficacy. Recent data from different groups have shown profound and significant influences of the host inflammatory environment on MSCs delivered systemically or through organ-specific routes, for example intratracheal, with subsequent actions on potential MSC efficacies. Intriguingly in some models, it appears that dead or dying cells or subcellular particles derived from them, may contribute to therapeutic efficacy, at least in some circumstances. Thus, the broad cellular changes that accompany MSC death, autophagy, pre-apoptotic function, or indeed the host response to these processes may be essential to therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we summarize the existing literature concerning the necrobiology of MSCs and the available evidence that MSCs undergo autophagy, apoptosis, transfer mitochondria, or release subcellular particles with effector function in pathologic or inflammatory in vivo environments. Advances in understanding the role of immune effector cells in cell therapy, especially macrophages, suggest that the reprogramming of immunity associated with MSCT has a weighty influence on therapeutic efficacy. If correct, these data suggest novel approaches to enhancing the beneficial actions of MSCs that will vary with the inflammatory nature of different disease targets and may influence the choice between autologous or allogeneic or even xenogeneic cells as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Karen English
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Anna Krasnodembskaya
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Johana M. Isaza-Correa
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ian J. Hawthorne
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Bernard P. Mahon
- Immunology & Cell Biology Laboratory, Biology Department, Human Health Research Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
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Saxena S, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy in diabetic nephropathy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19223-19236. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandh Saxena
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Biological Sciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐IITR Campus Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Department of Biochemistry Babu Banarasi Das University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory CSIR‐Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR‐IITR) Lucknow India
- Biological Sciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR‐IITR Campus Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
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37
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Guéguen Y, Bontemps A, Ebrahimian TG. Adaptive responses to low doses of radiation or chemicals: their cellular and molecular mechanisms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1255-1273. [PMID: 30535789 PMCID: PMC11105647 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation or chemical exposure. A better knowledge of these mechanisms is needed to improve our understanding of health risks at low levels of environmental or occupational exposure and their involvement in cancer or non-cancer diseases. This response is orchestrated through a multifaceted cellular program involving the concerted action of diverse stress response pathways. These evolutionary highly conserved defense mechanisms determine the cellular response to chemical and physical aggression. They include DNA damage repair (p53, ATM, PARP pathways), antioxidant response (Nrf2 pathway), immune/inflammatory response (NF-κB pathway), cell survival/death pathway (apoptosis), endoplasmic response to stress (UPR response), and other cytoprotective processes including autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and the unfolded protein response. The coordinated action of these processes induced by low-dose radiation or chemicals produces biological effects that are currently estimated with the linear non-threshold model. These effects are controversial. They are difficult to detect because of their low magnitude, the scarcity of events in humans, and the difficulty of corroborating associations over the long term. Improving our understanding of these biological consequences should help humans and their environment by enabling better risk estimates, the revision of radiation protection standards, and possible therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Guéguen
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRSI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Alice Bontemps
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Teni G Ebrahimian
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE, SESANE, LRTOX, B.P. no 17, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Autophagy in Crotonaldehyde-Induced Endothelial Toxicity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061137. [PMID: 30901980 PMCID: PMC6471975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crotonaldehyde is an extremely toxic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde found in cigarette smoke, and it causes inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Autophagy has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. However, the precise mechanism underlying the role of acute exposure crotonaldehyde in vascular disease development remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of crotonaldehyde-induced autophagy in endothelial cells. Acute exposure to crotonaldehyde decreased cell viability and induced autophagy followed by cell death. In addition, inhibiting the autophagic flux markedly promoted the viability of endothelial cells exposed to high concentrations of crotonaldehyde. Crotonaldehyde activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and pretreatment with inhibitors specific to these kinases showed autophagy inhibition and partial improvement in cell viability. These data show that acute exposure to high concentrations of crotonaldehyde induces autophagy-mediated cell death. These results might be helpful to elucidate the mechanisms underlying crotonaldehyde toxicity in the vascular system and contribute to environmental risk assessment.
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39
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ATG5-mediated autophagy suppresses NF-κB signaling to limit epithelial inflammatory response to kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:253. [PMID: 30874544 PMCID: PMC6420665 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G2/M-arrested proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) after renal injury are linked to increased cytokines production. ATG5-mediated autophagy in proximal TECs has recently been shown to protect against G2/M cell cycle arrest and renal fibrosis. However, the impacts of autophagy in regulating inflammatorily response mounted by injured TECs remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether ATG5 acts as an innate immune suppressor in proximal TECs during kidney injury. Using the unilateral ureteric obstruction model in proximal tubule-specific autophagy-deficient mice, we demonstrated that ablation of epithelial ATG5 genes markedly impaired autophagy, resulting in enhanced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation, macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokines production in obstructed kidneys, as compared with wild-type mice. Following stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II), siRNA silencing of ATG5 in cultured HK-2 cells or ATG5-deficient primary proximal TECs produced more cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α than did their control cells. Overexpressed ATG5, but not the autophagy-incompetent ATG5 mutant K130R in HK-2 cells, rendered resistant to Ang II-induced inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence assay indicated that ATG5 and p65 colocalized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and their interaction was verified in immunoprecipitation assay from HEK-293T cell extracts. Genetic downregulation of endogenous ATG5 increased Ang II-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 and transcriptional activity of NF-κB, whereas the overexpressed ATG5, rather than ATG5 mutant K130R, hampered activation of NF-κB signaling, suggest an autophagy-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of ATG5. Further, pharmacological manipulation of autophagy yielded similar results both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, JSH-23, a specific inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation, rescued Ang II-driven IL-1β production in ATG5 siRNA-treated cells and decreased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase. In conclusion, ATG5-mediated autophagy in tubules targets NF-κB signaling to protect against renal inflammation.
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Qu L, Chen C, Chen Y, Li Y, Tang F, Huang H, He W, Zhang R, Shen L. High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) and Autophagy in Acute Lung Injury (ALI): A Review. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1828-1837. [PMID: 30853709 PMCID: PMC6423734 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome in critically ill patients. The identification of novel biological markers for the early diagnosis of ALI and the development of more effective treatments are topics of current research. High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is a late inflammatory mediator associated with sepsis, malignancy, and immune disease. Levels of HMGB1 may reflect the severity of inflammation and tissue damage, indicating a potential role for HMGB1 as a prognostic biomarker in ALI, and a potential target for blocking inflammatory pathways. Several studies have shown that HMGB1 regulates autophagy. Autophagy, or type II programmed cell death, is an essential biological process that maintains cellular homeostasis. Studies have shown that HMGB1 and autophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases including ALI but the specific mechanisms underlying this association remain to be determined. This review aims to provide an update on the current status of the role of HMBG1 and autophagy in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, Christmas island
| | - YangYe Chen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Nursing, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, The 163rd Central Hospital of the Peoples' Liberation Army (PLA), Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei He
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Physiology, Hunan Normal University Medical College, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Kim WY, Nam SA, Choi A, Kim YM, Park SH, Kim HL, Kim H, Han KH, Yang CW, Lee MS, Kim YK, Kim J. Atg7-dependent canonical autophagy regulates the degradation of aquaporin 2 in prolonged hypokalemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3021. [PMID: 30816234 PMCID: PMC6395725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged hypokalemia induces a decrease of urinary concentrating ability via down-regulation of aquaporin 2 (AQP2); however, the precise mechanisms remain unknown. To investigate the role of autophagy in the degradation of AQP2, we generated the principal cell-specific Atg7 deletion (Atg7Δpc) mice. In hypokalemic Atg7-floxed (Atg7f/f) mice, huge irregular shaped LC3-positive autophagic vacuoles accumulated mainly in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Total- and pS261-AQP2 were redistributed from apical and subapical domains into these vacuoles, which were not co-localized with RAB9. However, in the IMCD cells of hypokalemic Atg7Δpc mice, these canonical autophagic vacuoles were markedly reduced, whereas numerous small regular shaped LC3-negative/RAB9-positive non-canonical autophagic vacuoles were observed along with diffusely distributed total- and pS261-AQP2 in the cytoplasm. The immunoreactivity of pS256-AQP2 in the apical membrane of IMCD cells was markedly decreased, and no redistribution was observed in both hypokalemic Atg7f/f and Atg7Δpc mice. These findings suggest that AQP2 down regulation in hypokalemia was induced by reduced phosphorylation of AQP2, resulting in a reduction of apical plasma labeling of pS256-AQP2 and degradation of total- and pS261-AQP2 via an LC3/ATG7-dependent canonical autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arum Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research of Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hong Lim Kim
- Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Zhou XJ, Klionsky DJ, Zhang H. Podocytes and autophagy: a potential therapeutic target in lupus nephritis. Autophagy 2019; 15:908-912. [PMID: 30755075 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that defects in macroautophagy/autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythamatosus (SLE), especially in adaptive immunity. The occurrence and progression of lupus nephritis (LN) is the end result of complex interactions between regulation of immune responses and pathological process by renal resident cells, but there is still a lot of missing information for establishing the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of LN, and as a therapy target. In our recent study, we observed that autophagy is activated in LN, especially in podocytes. Based on in vitro assays, many of the most important mediators of the disease - patients' sera, patients' IgG and IFNA/IFN-α - can induce autophagy in both murine and human podocytes, by reactive oxygen species production or MTORC1 inhibition; autophagy activation negatively associates with podocyte injury. With regard to intervention, autophagy activators can protect against podocyte injury, whereas autophagy inhibitors aggravate injury. Taken together, our findings suggest that podocyte autophagy is involved in lupus renal protection and may be a therapeutic target. These data shed new light on the role of rapamycin and autophagy inducers in the treatment of SLE. Abbreviations: ALB: albumin; ARHGDIB: Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta; APOL1: apolipoprotein L1; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG16L2: autophagy related 16 like 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CDKN1B: cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; CLEC16A, C-type lectin domain containing 16A; CYBB: cytochrome b-245 beta chain; DC: dendritic cell; DRAM1: DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1; eQTL: expression quantitative trait loci; GWAS: genome-wide association study; IFNA: interferon alpha; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTMR3: myotubularin related protein 3; LAP" LC3-associated phagocytosis; LN: lupus nephritis; NOD: non-obese diabetic; NPHS2: NPHS2, podocin; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; RUBCN: rubicon autophagy regulator; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Jie Zhou
- a Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital,Peking University Institute of Nephrology,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease , Ministry of Health of China , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) , Ministry of Education , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- c Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- a Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital,Peking University Institute of Nephrology,Key Laboratory of Renal Disease , Ministry of Health of China , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University) , Ministry of Education , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Lee J, Kim HS. The Role of Autophagy in Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e5. [PMID: 30838160 PMCID: PMC6399092 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that discards not only invading pathogens but also damaged organelles and denatured proteins via lysosomal degradation. Increasing evidence suggests a role for autophagy in inflammatory diseases, including infectious diseases, Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension. These studies suggest that modulating autophagy could be a novel therapeutic option for inflammatory diseases. Eosinophils are a major type of inflammatory cell that aggravates airway inflammatory diseases, particularly corticosteroid-resistant inflammation. The eosinophil count is a useful tool for assessing which patients may benefit from inhaled corticosteroid therapy. Recent studies demonstrate that autophagy plays a role in eosinophilic airway inflammatory diseases by promoting airway remodeling and loss of function. Genetic variant in the autophagy gene ATG5 is associated with asthma pathogenesis, and autophagy regulates apoptotic pathways in epithelial cells in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, autophagy dysfunction leads to severe inflammation, especially eosinophilic inflammation, in chronic rhinosinusitis. However, the mechanism underlying autophagy-mediated regulation of eosinophilic airway inflammation remains unclear. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the role of autophagy in eosinophilic airway inflammation. We also suggest that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for airway inflammation, including that mediated by eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center (SCIRC), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
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Dong M, Ye T, Bi Y, Wang Q, Kuerban K, Li J, Feng M, Wang K, Chen Y, Ye L. A novel hybrid of 3-benzyl coumarin seco-B-ring derivative and phenylsulfonylfuroxan induces apoptosis and autophagy in non-small-cell lung cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:79-88. [PMID: 30599915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound 6, as a novel hybrid of 3-benzyl coumarin seco-B-ring derivative and nitric oxide (NO) donor phenylsulfonylfuroxan, has the potential to develop into an anticancer drug because it displays significant antiproliferation activitity for various solid cancer cell lines including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PURPOSE We attempt to uncover the capacities of compound 6 to induce apoptosis and autophagy in NSCLC cells, as well as the underlying mechanism involved in this process. METHODS The effect of compound 6 on cell viability was evaluated in A549 cells by MTT assay. Apoptosis was mainly detected by flow cytometry. The induction of autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal microscopy as well as western-blotting technique. The expression of all related-proteins including PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were also examined by western-blotting technique. RESULTS Above all, distinct growth inhibition and caspase-dependent apoptosis were detected in A549 cells administered with compound 6. Then, we confirmed the induction of autophagy triggered by compound 6 in A549 cells. Noticeably, blocking autophagy using a series of inhibitors and ATG5 siRNA had little effect on the cytotoxicity of compound 6, elucidating nonprotective autophagy triggered in NSCLC cells. Further research illustrated that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was involved in compound 6-induced apoptosis, and 3-MA as well as LY294002 had synergistic inhibiting effect on proliferation of A549 cells through the pathway mentioned above. CONCLUSION These findings raise a rationale that this 3-benzyl coumarin seco-B-ring derivative and phenylsulfonylfuroxan hybrid could be a promising candidate for developing as a therapeutic agent toward NSCLC, and the combination therapy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may result in optimized treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Dong
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Yongyan Bi
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Kudelaidi Kuerban
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Meiqing Feng
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Minghang Hospital & Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy at School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.
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Chloroquine Protects Human Corneal Epithelial Cells from Desiccation Stress Induced Inflammation without Altering the Autophagy Flux. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7627329. [PMID: 30519584 PMCID: PMC6241345 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7627329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation has been associated with dry eye and anti-inflammatory drugs are now being targeted as the alternate therapeutic approach for dry eye condition. In this study, we have explored the anti-inflammatory and autophagy modulating effect of chloroquine (CQ) in human corneal epithelial and human corneal fibroblasts cells exposed to desiccation stress, (an in-vitro model for DED). Gene and protein expression profiling of inflammatory and autophagy related molecular factors were analyzed in HCE-T and primary HCF cells exposed to desiccation stress with and without CQ treatment. HCE-T and HCF cells exposed to desiccation stress exhibited increased levels of activated p65, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-9, and IL-6. Further, treatment with CQ decreased the levels of active p65, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MMP-9 in cells underdesiccation stress. Increased levels of LC3B and LAMP1 markers in HCE-T cells exposed to desiccation stress suggest activation of autophagy and the addition of CQ did not alter these levels. Changes in the phosphorylation levels of MAPKinase and mTOR pathway proteins were found in HCE-T cells under desiccation stress with or without CQ treatment. Taken together, the data suggests that HCE-T cells under desiccation stress showed NFκB mediated inflammation, which was rescued through the anti-inflammatory effect of CQ without altering the autophagy flux. Therefore, CQ may be used as an alternate therapeutic management for dry eye condition.
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Yan M, Shu S, Chunyuan G, Tang C, Dong Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in ischemic and nephrotoxic acute kidney injury. Ann Med 2018; 50:381-390. [PMID: 29895209 PMCID: PMC6333465 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1489142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a medical condition characterized by kidney damage with a rapid decline of renal function, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Recent research has further established an intimate relationship between AKI and chronic kidney disease. Perturbations of kidney cells in AKI result in the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER stress. In this review, we analyze the role and regulation of ER stress in AKI triggered by renal ischemia-reperfusion and cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The balance between the two major components of UPR, the adaptive pathway and the apoptotic pathway, plays a critical role in determining the cell fate in ER stress. The adaptive pathway is evoked to attenuate translation, induce chaperones, maintain protein homeostasis and promote cell survival. Prolonged ER stress activates the apoptotic pathway, resulting in the elimination of dysfunctional cells. Therefore, regulating ER stress in kidney cells may provide a therapeutic target in AKI. KEY MESSAGES Perturbations of kidney cells in acute kidney injury result in the accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in ER, leading to unfolded protein response (UPR) or ER stress. The balance between the adaptive pathway and the apoptotic pathway of UPR plays a critical role in determining the cell fate in ER stress. Modulation of ER stress in kidney cells may provide a therapeutic strategy for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First people’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Chunyuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First people’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, U.S.A
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47
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Wang L, Law HKW. Immune complexes suppressed autophagy in glomerular endothelial cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Li Z, Wang G, Feng D, Zu G, Li Y, Shi X, Zhao Y, Jing H, Ning S, Le W, Yao J, Tian X. Targeting the miR-665-3p-ATG4B-autophagy axis relieves inflammation and apoptosis in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:483. [PMID: 29706629 PMCID: PMC5924757 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cytoprotective response against pathologic stresses that selectively degrades damaged cellular components. Impaired autophagy contributes to organ injury in multiple diseases, including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but the exact mechanism by which impaired autophagy is regulated remains unclear. Several researchers have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate autophagy by targeting autophagy-related genes (ATGs). Therefore, the effect of ATG-related miRNAs on I/R remains a promising research avenue. In our study, we found that autophagy flux is impaired during intestinal I/R. A miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-665-3p was highly expressed in the I/R group, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Then, we predicted and proved that miR-665-3p negatively regulates ATG4B expression in Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells. In ileum biopsy samples from patients with intestinal infarction, there was an inverse correlation between miR-665-3p and ATG4B expression, which supports the in vitro findings. Moreover, based on miR-665-3p regulation of autophagy in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro, gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the therapeutic potential of miR-665-3p. Additionally, we provide evidence that ATG4B is indispensable for protection upon inhibition of miR-665-3p. Finally, we observed that locked nucleic acid-modified inhibition of miR-665-3p in vivo alleviates I/R-induced systemic inflammation and apoptosis via recovery of autophagic flux. Our study highlights miR-665-3p as a novel small molecule that regulates autophagy by targeting ATG4B, suggesting that miR-665-3p inhibition may be a potential therapeutic approach against inflammation and apoptosis for the clinical treatment of intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Dongcheng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Guo Zu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Huirong Jing
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Shili Ning
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116023, Dalian, China.
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Reichold M, Klootwijk ED, Reinders J, Otto EA, Milani M, Broeker C, Laing C, Wiesner J, Devi S, Zhou W, Schmitt R, Tegtmeier I, Sterner C, Doellerer H, Renner K, Oefner PJ, Dettmer K, Simbuerger JM, Witzgall R, Stanescu HC, Dumitriu S, Iancu D, Patel V, Mozere M, Tekman M, Jaureguiberry G, Issler N, Kesselheim A, Walsh SB, Gale DP, Howie AJ, Martins JR, Hall AM, Kasgharian M, O'Brien K, Ferreira CR, Atwal PS, Jain M, Hammers A, Charles-Edwards G, Choe CU, Isbrandt D, Cebrian-Serrano A, Davies B, Sandford RN, Pugh C, Konecki DS, Povey S, Bockenhauer D, Lichter-Konecki U, Gahl WA, Unwin RJ, Warth R, Kleta R. Glycine Amidinotransferase (GATM), Renal Fanconi Syndrome, and Kidney Failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1849-1858. [PMID: 29654216 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For many patients with kidney failure, the cause and underlying defect remain unknown. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of a genetic order characterized by renal Fanconi syndrome and kidney failure.Methods We clinically and genetically characterized members of five families with autosomal dominant renal Fanconi syndrome and kidney failure. We performed genome-wide linkage analysis, sequencing, and expression studies in kidney biopsy specimens and renal cells along with knockout mouse studies and evaluations of mitochondrial morphology and function. Structural studies examined the effects of recognized mutations.Results The renal disease in these patients resulted from monoallelic mutations in the gene encoding glycine amidinotransferase (GATM), a renal proximal tubular enzyme in the creatine biosynthetic pathway that is otherwise associated with a recessive disorder of creatine deficiency. In silico analysis showed that the particular GATM mutations, identified in 28 members of the five families, create an additional interaction interface within the GATM protein and likely cause the linear aggregation of GATM observed in patient biopsy specimens and cultured proximal tubule cells. GATM aggregates-containing mitochondria were elongated and associated with increased ROS production, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, enhanced expression of the profibrotic cytokine IL-18, and increased cell death.Conclusions In this novel genetic disorder, fully penetrant heterozygous missense mutations in GATM trigger intramitochondrial fibrillary deposition of GATM and lead to elongated and abnormal mitochondria. We speculate that this renal proximal tubular mitochondrial pathology initiates a response from the inflammasome, with subsequent development of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Milani
- Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sulochana Devi
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ralph Witzgall
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joana R Martins
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Hall
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin O'Brien
- NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Mahim Jain
- Department of Bone and OI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Isbrandt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Research Group Experimental Neurophysiology, Bonn, Germany, and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Richard N Sandford
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pugh
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sue Povey
- Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uta Lichter-Konecki
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William A Gahl
- NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Gong J, Jin J, Zhao L, Li Y, Li Y, He Q. Tripterygium glycoside protects against puromycin amino nucleoside‑induced podocyte injury by upregulating autophagy. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:115-122. [PMID: 29620171 PMCID: PMC5979933 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycoside (TG), an active ingredient of the widely used Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, has immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies have indicated that TG is a potentially effective therapeutic option to treat nephrotic syndrome. The mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of TG, including its effect on autophagy and apoptosis in podocyte injury, remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to assess the protective effect of TG on podocytes via its potential role in the activation of autophagic and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Using flow cytometry, western blot analysis, cell counting kit-8 assays and transmission electron microscopy analysis, the effects of TG on puromycin amino-nucleoside (PAN)-induced podocyte injury were investigated. Chloroquine (CQ), an inhibitor of autophagy, was used to assess the importance of autophagy in the protective effect of TG. In addition, LY294002, an inhibitor of class III PI3K, was used to identify which signaling pathways TG is involved in. PAN caused marked apoptosis of podocytes, which was significantly antagonized by TG. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 and the appearance of autophagosomes increased significantly following TG treatment, whereas the expression levels of p62 and cleaved caspase-3 were markedly decreased. Podocyte apoptosis decreased significantly when the podocytes were treated with TG compared with the levels of apoptosis in the PAN- and PAN+CQ-treated groups. The expression of phosphorylated AKT was increased significantly in the TG-treated groups, and the effects of TG on the podocytes were significantly inhibited by LY294002. In conclusion, TG protected podocytes from PAN-induced injury, and the effects were attributable to the activation of autophagy, mainly via a PI3K-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Gong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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